Wikiversity enwikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikiversity Wikiversity talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk School School talk Portal Portal talk Topic Topic talk Collection Collection talk Draft Draft talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 4 1558 2691988 2691895 2024-12-14T23:20:44Z 37.8.161.206 Replaced content with "Dieu" 2691988 wikitext text/x-wiki Dieu mnt8uh7p9okmx5nz2ztzu0t58h8yupk 2692005 2691988 2024-12-15T00:01:31Z Atcovi 276019 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/37.8.161.206|37.8.161.206]] ([[User_talk:37.8.161.206|talk]]) to last version by [[User:86.16.177.173|86.16.177.173]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2691895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Please leave this line alone (sandbox heading)}} yo wait IS this the sandbox?? oh well just messing about at 1am rlvzy2qeobi1fx7tgaiqf27gbu242al 2692033 2692005 2024-12-15T10:34:43Z 103.73.183.200 2692033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Please leave this line alone (sandbox heading)}} yo wait IS this the sandbox?? oh well just messing about at 1am hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii hii hi pk0qlzmbrrcctpvu45ahn3rca2qwj82 0 7317 2691938 2309323 2024-12-14T14:22:05Z 37.8.163.28 Replaced content with "misericorde" 2691938 wikitext text/x-wiki misericorde 621tzp4xxvmqjdtwp9a2c1i6mvkcha8 2691947 2691938 2024-12-14T14:52:07Z Atcovi 276019 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/37.8.163.28|37.8.163.28]] ([[User_talk:37.8.163.28|talk]]) to last version by [[User:131.43.85.190|131.43.85.190]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2309323 wikitext text/x-wiki === Introduction === Ada was developed under a US Department of Defense contract from 1977 to 1983. Its main goal was to develop a language to replace, in sorts, the various hundreds of languages then used by the Department of Defense. What resulted is strong-typed and modular programming language that is used widely in mission critical systems. It was originally targeted at embedded and real-time systems, but as seen a wide range of applications, especially in the defense community. === Prerequisites === #A basic knowledge of programming. Familiarity with an Algol-based language, such as C, C++, or Pascal, will be useful. #A Linux operating system, preferably Ubuntu. This can be run as a virtual machine with software like Oracle's VM VirtualBox. #Strong desire to learn. #Patience and time to learn. No language is learned overnight and one certainly cannot expect to develop full-blown applications after only 2 weeks of learning any language. === Course description === This course is designed to introduce the student to the basics of the Ada programming language, enough to understand what is going on and how to further proceed with learning more about its applications. This course is not designed, as of yet, to introduce the student to the full power of Ada. Most program examples are text-based console applications developed on the Linux operating system. === Links === * [[w:Ada_programming_language|Wikipedia: Ada (programming language)]] * [[b:Ada_Programming|Wikibooks:Ada programming tutorial]] {{CourseCat}} 7760plq7i1o935vm8j5rj4bnp72j0sg 0 8841 2691957 2687959 2024-12-14T15:29:36Z 103.178.186.237 I've made several changes to improve clarity and enhance the overall flow of the text. Specifically, I've refined the wording in certain sections, reorganized the structure for better coherence, and eliminated any redundant phrases to streamline the message. Additionally, I've ensured that all key points are highlighted effectively. Let me know if you need anything else! 2691957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Data Encription Standard Flow Diagram.svg|right|thumb|200px|The Feistel function (F function) of DES]] [./Https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard Data Encryption Standard] (DES) is a [[wikipedia:Symmetric-key_algorithm|Symmetric Encryption algorithm]] developed by [[wikipedia:IBM|IBM]] in the late 1970’s that utilizes a preshared cryptographic key to encrypt/decrypt a given data chunk of 64 bits. It works by first diving the given data into a 64-bit block and using the given key to encrypt each individual block. These data blocks can only be decrypted by another host if they know the preset key by simply repeating the system against itself using the key. DES has now been formally replaced with [[wikipedia:Advanced_Encryption_Standard|Advance Encryption Standard]] (AES), as the new Standard by the [[wikipedia:NSA|National Security Agency]] (NSA). DES is a type of encryption algorithm known as a [[wikipedia:Block_cipher|block cipher]], meaning that data is encrypted using blocks of data instead of bit by bit from a stream. == External Links == [http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips46-3/fips46-3.pdf Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 46-3] [[Category:Cryptography]] 7kizlyhgtvca3zud12yqp62u6ae3b7x 2691959 2691957 2024-12-14T15:40:17Z Atcovi 276019 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.178.186.237|103.178.186.237]] ([[User_talk:103.178.186.237|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Oak Atsume|Oak Atsume]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2687959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Data Encription Standard Flow Diagram.svg|right|thumb|200px|The Feistel function (F function) of DES]] [https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard Data Encryption Standard] (DES) is a [[wikipedia:Symmetric-key_algorithm|Symmetric Encryption algorithm]] developed by [[wikipedia:IBM|IBM]] in the late 1970’s that utilizes a preshared cryptographic key to encrypt/decrypt a given data chunk of 64 bits. It works by first diving the given data into a 64-bit block and using the given key to encrypt each individual block. These data blocks can only be decrypted by another host if they know the preset key by simply repeating the system against itself using the key. DES has now been formally replaced with [[wikipedia:Advanced_Encryption_Standard|Advance Encryption Standard]] (AES), as the new Standard by the [[wikipedia:NSA|National Security Agency]] (NSA). DES is a type of encryption algorithm known as a [[wikipedia:Block_cipher|block cipher]], meaning that data is encrypted using blocks of data instead of bit by bit from a stream. == External Links == [http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips46-3/fips46-3.pdf Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 46-3] [[Category:Cryptography]] lf0vbd1f7lpue0ugoh1gu0s18g5mqbb 0 96146 2691979 2610759 2024-12-14T19:07:23Z 212.230.133.132 2691979 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:right; width:500px;"> {{center top}}<big>'''Kümey tamün akun tüfachi kimmapudunguael chillka mew!'''</big>{{center bottom}} <br> {| border="0" align="center" |----- |[[File:Ancient mapuche flag.svg|center|230px]] |- | [[Image:Rewe.JPG|center|230px]] |- |[[File:Hombre & mujer Mapuche.jpg|center|230px]] |} <br> {{center top}}<big>'''Let's learn Mapudungun!'''</big>{{center bottom}} </div> Welcome to the class of '''Mapudungun''' for English speakers. You'll learn an advanced level of the language, with some lessons with dialogues, grammatical explanations, vocabularies and sound files whenever it's possible. If you have any doubts, ask on the talk page. If you wanna help with the course, you're more than welcome! If this course is useful for you, tell other people so that they can also learn Mapudungun, the Mapuche language. ===Index=== * [[Mapudungun/Introduction|Introduction]] * [[Mapudungun/History|History]] * [[Mapudungun/Pronunciation and writing|Pronunciation and writing]] :* [[Mapudungun/Pronunciation and writing/Unified alphabet|Alfabeto Unificado]] :* [[Mapudungun/Pronunciation and writing/Erize's alphabet|Alfabeto de Erize]] :* [[Mapudungun/Pronunciation and writing/Grafemario Raguileo|Grafemario Raguileo]] :* [[Mapudungun/Pronunciation and writing/Grafemario Azümchefe|Grafemario Azümchefe]] * [[Mapudungun/Accentuation|Accentuation]] ===Lessons=== * [[Mapudungun/Lesson 1: Mari mari|Lesson 1: Mari mari]] * [[Mapudungun/Lesson 2: Chumül akuymi?|Lesson 2: Chumül akuymi?]] * [[Mapudungun/Lesson 3: Ta Tüfey|Lesson 3: Ta Tüfey]] * [[Mapudungun/Lesson 4: Chew müley...?|Lesson 4: Chew müley...?]] * [[Mapudungun/Lesson 5: Deu Ileymi?|Lesson 5: Deu Ileymi?]] * [[Mapudungun/Usual phrases|Usual phrases]] ===Grammar=== * [[Mapudungun/Noun|Noun]] * [[Mapudungun/Pronoun|Pronoun]] * [[Mapudungun/Verb|Verb]] ** [[Mapudungun/Verb/Modes and tenses|Modes and tenses]] ** [[Mapudungun/Verb/Negation|Negation]] ** [[Mapundugun/Verb/Agent and patient|Agent and patient]] ** [[Mapudungun/Verb/Suffixes order]] ** [[Mapudungun/Verb/Useful verbs|Userful verbs]] * [[Mapudungun/Creation of sentences|Creation of sentences]] ===Wordbook / Vocabulary=== * [[Mapudungun/Society|Society]] * [[Mapudungun/Colours|Colours]] * [[Mapudungun/Numbers|Numbers]] * [[Mapudungun/Family|Family]] * [[Mapudungun/Body parts|Body parts]] * [[Mapudungun/Home|Home]] ===See also=== * Article about the '''[[w:Mapudungun|Mapudungun]]''' language in Wikipedia. * '''[[wikt:Category:Mapudungun language|Mapudungun words]]''' in Wiktionary. [[Category:Mapudungun]] [[Category:Partly developed resources]] __NOTOC__ 9jz4ybr4dxeymgwma8qa9xfsh1t8m3v 3 108862 2691939 2191800 2024-12-14T14:25:47Z 37.8.163.28 2691939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto archive|age=1| target='User talk:Ottava Rima/archives/((year))/((Month:short))' |minor=true |display=false|mincontributions=1}} Welcome to my user talk page. Material from before June 20, 2010 can be found [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive|here]], after [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive2|here]]. == School of Mathematics == Hi, you deleted [[School of Mathematics]] but failed to update all the references to it. Now on the main page there's a link to non-existent article: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity == Custodianship == Can you make me a custodian? ---[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] :Sorry, but I am not even a custodian myself since the project was hijacked a few years ago. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 03:42, 18 May 2013 (UTC) == Abd == How is [[User:Abd|Abd]], is he blocked or something, I heard '''you blocked''' Abd for multiple accounts. I am schocked because he warned me not to create multiple accounts. What's wrong with Abd? Please give me an answer on [[User talk:Draubb|my discussion page]]. See ya around! [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) :Abd is a proponent of the fringe theory of Cold Fusion, and will create multiple accounts and do whatever he can to wage war against 99.9999% of the world who realizes that his ideas are nonsense. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 23:27, 18 May 2013 (UTC) Why do you hate him so much? Please answer on my talk page [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 00:36, 19 May 2013 (UTC) Matter concerning you at [[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action#Abd.27s_disruptions]]. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 01:23, 10 September 2014 (UTC) == Contributions == Hello Ottava Rima, Can you please send me a message to my talk page or [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Draubb]]. Can you please check on my contributions section and please leave a message on one of the two pages and say if my contributions are helping or not and explaining what I can do? Thank you very much Ottava Rima! --[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 22:49, 27 May 2013 (UTC) == Protected status of [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]] == Please consider unprotecting [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]], which was protected since 2010. Alternatively, please correct [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing#References]]: in "?action=purge" the last character is now not bold, unlike the rest of the text. [[User:Nyq|Nyq]] ([[User talk:Nyq|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nyq|contribs]]) 05:22, 14 August 2013 (UTC) parfon == Question about blocked user == Hello, sorry to bother you about this. [[user:Abd|Abd]] asked about a banned user [[user talk:markoril|markoril]], who was blocked about two years ago. I don't know why this still matters. Can you clarify what happened then, with that blocked user? You can see the inquiry on my [[user talk:sidelight12#Thanks for the unprotection of Talk:Wikipedia|talkpage]]. Thanks. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 21:34, 4 October 2013 (UTC) :[https://toolserver.org/~luxo/contributions/contributions.php?user=Markoril&blocks=true]. The guy was a long term sock puppet associated with the site that he spammed, and he did it under multiple names across the wikimedia sites. Clear vandal, and something that Abd has encouraged in the past. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 22:14, 4 October 2013 (UTC) ::Alright then. Thanks. I actually saw that page. So there's clear evidence that, that user used other names? Ok then, I'll take your word for it. The Wikipedia custodian also made that statement in the block explanation. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 22:30, 4 October 2013 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Good to see you back Ottava, you want to do a little work around here? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:16, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :Which topic? And I never really left. I always watch the recent contribs. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:17, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::Ottava, you may do any topic you desire to. --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:23, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Oh, I know that. I just thought you might have had one in particular you needed help with. After the desysopping, I stopped producing content and limited my role. Too many games were played and I have a real life to focus on. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::I figured you were watching this site without necessarily logging in. Greetings. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 20:24, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Hola. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::::Ottava, you said Abd's ideas are nonsense. Don't you find that insulting to Abd??? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::::He was banned from Wikipedia for promoting what was revealed to be absolutely false claims about cold fusion. Dealing with Abd's obsession with fringe topics, with people who appropriately prohibited him based on his actions, and from the trouble he caused here is what I feel justifies my comments. One of the reasons why I don't care to bother too much with producing content like I did is his activity. My material is part of my academic research, is mainstream, and connected to my reputation. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:35, 22 December 2013 (UTC) == Enydmion Society == Please use a real account rather than anonymous IP, and tag all of whatever you want deleted. Day-by-day requests are just hiding the scope of your intent and giving the impression that we should reinitiate RFD discussion Archive 9. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:30, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :The Endymion Society page was originally created as part of a step by step process on how to build a book with the pages. The book was already built and so the original instruction classroom page became redundant. I've been going slowly through them to make sure everything was copied over and included. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:37, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :All of the files here [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:Enydmion_Society] and the general page [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Lectures/Literary_criticism/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley/1820_collection#Prometheus_Unbound] can be deleted due to no longer being active and no longer pertinent. There is only one author, and the fragmentary nature of it makes it uneducational now that the project is long done. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:46, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :As a side note - [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Enydmion_Society%2FPrometheus_Unbound_with_Other_Poems%2FAn_Exhortation&type=revision&diff=1568717&oldid=667007] this level of vandalism is partly why leaving up the unneeded material is a problem. No one is monitoring it. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 01:06, 27 July 2019 (UTC) 8xb4q7av0e2w52devgl1suuuc26j481 2691940 2691939 2024-12-14T14:26:35Z 37.8.163.28 2691940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto archive|age=1| target='User talk:Ottava Rima/archives/((year))/((Month:short))' |minor=true |display=false|mincontributions=1}} Welcome to my user talk page. Material from before June 20, 2010 can be found [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive|here]], after [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive2|here]]. pardon == Custodianship == Can you make me a custodian? ---[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] :Sorry, but I am not even a custodian myself since the project was hijacked a few years ago. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 03:42, 18 May 2013 (UTC) == Abd == How is [[User:Abd|Abd]], is he blocked or something, I heard '''you blocked''' Abd for multiple accounts. I am schocked because he warned me not to create multiple accounts. What's wrong with Abd? Please give me an answer on [[User talk:Draubb|my discussion page]]. See ya around! [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) :Abd is a proponent of the fringe theory of Cold Fusion, and will create multiple accounts and do whatever he can to wage war against 99.9999% of the world who realizes that his ideas are nonsense. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 23:27, 18 May 2013 (UTC) Why do you hate him so much? Please answer on my talk page [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 00:36, 19 May 2013 (UTC) Matter concerning you at [[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action#Abd.27s_disruptions]]. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 01:23, 10 September 2014 (UTC) == Contributions == Hello Ottava Rima, Can you please send me a message to my talk page or [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Draubb]]. Can you please check on my contributions section and please leave a message on one of the two pages and say if my contributions are helping or not and explaining what I can do? Thank you very much Ottava Rima! --[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 22:49, 27 May 2013 (UTC) == Protected status of [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]] == Please consider unprotecting [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]], which was protected since 2010. Alternatively, please correct [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing#References]]: in "?action=purge" the last character is now not bold, unlike the rest of the text. [[User:Nyq|Nyq]] ([[User talk:Nyq|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nyq|contribs]]) 05:22, 14 August 2013 (UTC) parfon == Question about blocked user == Hello, sorry to bother you about this. [[user:Abd|Abd]] asked about a banned user [[user talk:markoril|markoril]], who was blocked about two years ago. I don't know why this still matters. Can you clarify what happened then, with that blocked user? You can see the inquiry on my [[user talk:sidelight12#Thanks for the unprotection of Talk:Wikipedia|talkpage]]. Thanks. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 21:34, 4 October 2013 (UTC) :[https://toolserver.org/~luxo/contributions/contributions.php?user=Markoril&blocks=true]. The guy was a long term sock puppet associated with the site that he spammed, and he did it under multiple names across the wikimedia sites. Clear vandal, and something that Abd has encouraged in the past. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 22:14, 4 October 2013 (UTC) ::Alright then. Thanks. I actually saw that page. So there's clear evidence that, that user used other names? Ok then, I'll take your word for it. The Wikipedia custodian also made that statement in the block explanation. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 22:30, 4 October 2013 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Good to see you back Ottava, you want to do a little work around here? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:16, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :Which topic? And I never really left. I always watch the recent contribs. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:17, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::Ottava, you may do any topic you desire to. --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:23, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Oh, I know that. I just thought you might have had one in particular you needed help with. After the desysopping, I stopped producing content and limited my role. Too many games were played and I have a real life to focus on. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::I figured you were watching this site without necessarily logging in. Greetings. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 20:24, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Hola. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::::Ottava, you said Abd's ideas are nonsense. Don't you find that insulting to Abd??? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::::He was banned from Wikipedia for promoting what was revealed to be absolutely false claims about cold fusion. Dealing with Abd's obsession with fringe topics, with people who appropriately prohibited him based on his actions, and from the trouble he caused here is what I feel justifies my comments. One of the reasons why I don't care to bother too much with producing content like I did is his activity. My material is part of my academic research, is mainstream, and connected to my reputation. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:35, 22 December 2013 (UTC) == Enydmion Society == Please use a real account rather than anonymous IP, and tag all of whatever you want deleted. Day-by-day requests are just hiding the scope of your intent and giving the impression that we should reinitiate RFD discussion Archive 9. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:30, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :The Endymion Society page was originally created as part of a step by step process on how to build a book with the pages. The book was already built and so the original instruction classroom page became redundant. I've been going slowly through them to make sure everything was copied over and included. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:37, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :All of the files here [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:Enydmion_Society] and the general page [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Lectures/Literary_criticism/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley/1820_collection#Prometheus_Unbound] can be deleted due to no longer being active and no longer pertinent. There is only one author, and the fragmentary nature of it makes it uneducational now that the project is long done. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:46, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :As a side note - [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Enydmion_Society%2FPrometheus_Unbound_with_Other_Poems%2FAn_Exhortation&type=revision&diff=1568717&oldid=667007] this level of vandalism is partly why leaving up the unneeded material is a problem. No one is monitoring it. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 01:06, 27 July 2019 (UTC) bhvibl0d9oj1fus9ukkw078ffcqpw71 2691949 2691940 2024-12-14T14:52:29Z Atcovi 276019 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/37.8.163.28|37.8.163.28]] ([[User_talk:37.8.163.28|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2191800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto archive|age=1| target='User talk:Ottava Rima/archives/((year))/((Month:short))' |minor=true |display=false|mincontributions=1}} Welcome to my user talk page. Material from before June 20, 2010 can be found [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive|here]], after [[User talk:Ottava Rima/Archive2|here]]. == School of Mathematics == Hi, you deleted [[School of Mathematics]] but failed to update all the references to it. Now on the main page there's a link to non-existent article: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity == Custodianship == Can you make me a custodian? ---[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] :Sorry, but I am not even a custodian myself since the project was hijacked a few years ago. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 03:42, 18 May 2013 (UTC) == Abd == How is [[User:Abd|Abd]], is he blocked or something, I heard '''you blocked''' Abd for multiple accounts. I am schocked because he warned me not to create multiple accounts. What's wrong with Abd? Please give me an answer on [[User talk:Draubb|my discussion page]]. See ya around! [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) :Abd is a proponent of the fringe theory of Cold Fusion, and will create multiple accounts and do whatever he can to wage war against 99.9999% of the world who realizes that his ideas are nonsense. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 23:27, 18 May 2013 (UTC) Why do you hate him so much? Please answer on my talk page [[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 00:36, 19 May 2013 (UTC) Matter concerning you at [[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action#Abd.27s_disruptions]]. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 01:23, 10 September 2014 (UTC) == Contributions == Hello Ottava Rima, Can you please send me a message to my talk page or [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship/Draubb]]. Can you please check on my contributions section and please leave a message on one of the two pages and say if my contributions are helping or not and explaining what I can do? Thank you very much Ottava Rima! --[[User:Draubb|Draubb]] ([[User talk:Draubb|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Draubb|contribs]]) 22:49, 27 May 2013 (UTC) == Protected status of [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]] == Please consider unprotecting [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing]], which was protected since 2010. Alternatively, please correct [[Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing#References]]: in "?action=purge" the last character is now not bold, unlike the rest of the text. [[User:Nyq|Nyq]] ([[User talk:Nyq|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nyq|contribs]]) 05:22, 14 August 2013 (UTC) == [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Ottava Rima]] == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Per the [[m:Global bans]] global policy, you are informed of the discussion above. Please comment there and feel free to appropriately distribute more widely in prominent community venues in order to «Inform the community on all wikis where the user has edited». [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 10:10, 24 August 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0563 --> == Question about blocked user == Hello, sorry to bother you about this. [[user:Abd|Abd]] asked about a banned user [[user talk:markoril|markoril]], who was blocked about two years ago. I don't know why this still matters. Can you clarify what happened then, with that blocked user? You can see the inquiry on my [[user talk:sidelight12#Thanks for the unprotection of Talk:Wikipedia|talkpage]]. Thanks. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 21:34, 4 October 2013 (UTC) :[https://toolserver.org/~luxo/contributions/contributions.php?user=Markoril&blocks=true]. The guy was a long term sock puppet associated with the site that he spammed, and he did it under multiple names across the wikimedia sites. Clear vandal, and something that Abd has encouraged in the past. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 22:14, 4 October 2013 (UTC) ::Alright then. Thanks. I actually saw that page. So there's clear evidence that, that user used other names? Ok then, I'll take your word for it. The Wikipedia custodian also made that statement in the block explanation. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 22:30, 4 October 2013 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Good to see you back Ottava, you want to do a little work around here? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:16, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :Which topic? And I never really left. I always watch the recent contribs. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:17, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::Ottava, you may do any topic you desire to. --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:23, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Oh, I know that. I just thought you might have had one in particular you needed help with. After the desysopping, I stopped producing content and limited my role. Too many games were played and I have a real life to focus on. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::I figured you were watching this site without necessarily logging in. Greetings. - [[User:Sidelight12|Sidelight12]] ^{[[User talk:Sidelight12|Talk]]} 20:24, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::Hola. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:29, 22 December 2013 (UTC) ::::Ottava, you said Abd's ideas are nonsense. Don't you find that insulting to Abd??? --[[User:Goldenburg111|Goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Goldenburg111|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 December 2013 (UTC) :::::He was banned from Wikipedia for promoting what was revealed to be absolutely false claims about cold fusion. Dealing with Abd's obsession with fringe topics, with people who appropriately prohibited him based on his actions, and from the trouble he caused here is what I feel justifies my comments. One of the reasons why I don't care to bother too much with producing content like I did is his activity. My material is part of my academic research, is mainstream, and connected to my reputation. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 20:35, 22 December 2013 (UTC) == Enydmion Society == Please use a real account rather than anonymous IP, and tag all of whatever you want deleted. Day-by-day requests are just hiding the scope of your intent and giving the impression that we should reinitiate RFD discussion Archive 9. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:30, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :The Endymion Society page was originally created as part of a step by step process on how to build a book with the pages. The book was already built and so the original instruction classroom page became redundant. I've been going slowly through them to make sure everything was copied over and included. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:37, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :All of the files here [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:Enydmion_Society] and the general page [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Lectures/Literary_criticism/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley/1820_collection#Prometheus_Unbound] can be deleted due to no longer being active and no longer pertinent. There is only one author, and the fragmentary nature of it makes it uneducational now that the project is long done. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 00:46, 27 July 2019 (UTC) :As a side note - [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Enydmion_Society%2FPrometheus_Unbound_with_Other_Poems%2FAn_Exhortation&type=revision&diff=1568717&oldid=667007] this level of vandalism is partly why leaving up the unneeded material is a problem. No one is monitoring it. [[User:Ottava Rima|Ottava Rima]] ([[User talk:Ottava Rima|talk]]) 01:06, 27 July 2019 (UTC) c5jgqmslt79a5g53fsw9tnyd7fwiu3k 0 113381 2691968 2691907 2024-12-14T16:45:43Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals */ 2691968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|146px|thumb|Course contains [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] Slides]] [[File:Mapping f z equal 1 over z.gif|thumb|Moving the argument of function <math>f</math> in the complex number plane. The point <math>z</math> have a blue color and <math>f(z)= \frac{1}{z}</math> is marked in red color. <math>z</math> is moved on a curve with <math>\gamma(t)=t\cdot e^{it}</math>.]] [[File:Image of path 1 over z.webm|thumb|Image of path in the complex numbers for the function <math>f(z)=\frac{1}{z}</math>]] '''Complex analysis''' is a study of functions of a complex variable. This is a one quarter course in complex analysis at the undergraduate level. ==Articles== * [[Algebra II]] * [[Dummy variable]] * [[Materials Science and Engineering/Equations/Quantum Mechanics]] == Slides for Lectures == === Chapter 1 - Intoduction === * '''[[Complex Numbers/From real to complex numbers|Complex Numbers]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Numbers/From%20real%20to%20complex%20numbers&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Complex%20Numbers&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Heine–Borel_theorem|Heine-Borel Theorem]] * '''[[Riemann sphere|Riemann sphere]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Riemann%20sphere&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Riemann%20sphere&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root|Exponentiation and roots]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Exponentiation_and_square_root&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 2 - Topological Foundations === * '''[[Complex Analysis/Sequences and series|Sequences and series]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Sequences%20and%20series&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Sequences%20and%20series&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[/Power series/]] * '''[[Inverse-producing extensions of Topological Algebras/topological algebra|Topological algebra]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Inverse-producing%20extensions%20of%20Topological%20Algebras/topological%20algebra&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=topological%20algebra&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[w:en:Topological space|Topological space]] - Definition: [[Norms, metrics, topology#Definition:_topology|Topology]] * '''[[Norms, metrics, topology|Norms, metrics, topology]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 3 - Complex Derivative === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Partial derivative|Partial Derivative]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Partial%20derivative&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Partial%20Derivative&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Cauchy-Riemann Equations (CRE)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals === * '''[[Line integral|Line integral in <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Curves|Curves]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Curves&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curves&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic function|Wikipedia: holomorphic function]] ** [[w:en:Integral|Wikipedia:Integral ]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Paths|Paths]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Paths&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Paths&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Path_Integral|Path integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path_Integral&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path_Integral&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Curve integral |Wikipedia: Curve integral]] ** [[w:en:Continuity|Continuity]] and [[w:en:Limit of a sequence|Limit of a sequence]] ** [[/Inequalities/]] ** [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/rectifiable%20curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=rectifiable%20curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Trace|Trace of Curve]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Curve Integral|Curve Integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve%20Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 5 - Holomorphic Functions === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[Holomorphism/Criteria|Criteria]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphism/Criteria&author=Course:Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Criteria&coursetitle=Course:Complex_Analysis slideset]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic_function#.C3.84quivalent_properties_of_holomorphic_functions_of_one_variable|Wikipedia: Holomorphic function criteria]] ** [[/Differences from real differentiability/]] ** [[w:Conformal_mapping|conformal mappings]]<math>(\ast)</math>, * '''[[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Path%20of%20Integration&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20of%20Integration&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Cauchy's Integral Theorem for Disks/]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis/Cauchy%27s+Integral+Theorem_for_Disks&author=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis&audioslide=yes&language=en Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]], * '''[[Complex Analysis/Identity Theorem|Identity Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Identity%20Theorem&author=Course:%20Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Liouville's Theorem|Liouville's Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Liouville%27s%20Theorem&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Liouville%27s%20Theorem&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ==Lectures== * [[/Cauchy-Riemann equations/]] * [[Cauchy Theorem for a triangle]] * [[Complex analytic function]] * [[Complex Numbers]] * [[Divergent series]] * [[Estimation lemma]] * [[Fourier series]] * [[Fourier transform]] * [[Fourier transforms]] * [[Laplace transform]] * [[Riemann hypothesis]] * [[The Real and Complex Number System]] * [[Warping functions]] ==Sample exams== [[/Sample Midterm Exam 1/]] [[/Sample Midterm Exam 2/]] ==See also== * [[Boundary Value Problems]] * [[Introduction to Elasticity]] * [[The Prime Sequence Problem]] * [[Wikipedia: Complex analysis]] *[[Complex number]] [[Category:Complex analysis| ]] [[Category:Mathematics courses]] [[Category:Mathematics]] <noinclude> [[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie]] </noinclude> 93kfq16glbap0o28dlh1rusnit1qf1i 2691971 2691968 2024-12-14T17:18:21Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2691971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|146px|thumb|Course contains [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] Slides]] [[File:Mapping f z equal 1 over z.gif|thumb|Moving the argument of function <math>f</math> in the complex number plane. The point <math>z</math> has a blue color and <math>f(z)= \frac{1}{z}</math> is marked in red color. <math>z</math> is moved on a curve with <math>\gamma(t)=t\cdot e^{it}</math>.]] [[File:Image of path 1 over z.webm|thumb|Image of path in the complex numbers for the function <math>f(z)=\frac{1}{z}</math>]] '''Complex analysis''' is a study of functions of a complex variable. This is a one quarter course in complex analysis at the undergraduate level. ==Articles== * [[Algebra II]] * [[Dummy variable]] * [[Materials Science and Engineering/Equations/Quantum Mechanics]] == Slides for Lectures == === Chapter 1 - Intoduction === * '''[[Complex Numbers/From real to complex numbers|Complex Numbers]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Numbers/From%20real%20to%20complex%20numbers&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Complex%20Numbers&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Heine–Borel_theorem|Heine-Borel Theorem]] * '''[[Riemann sphere|Riemann sphere]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Riemann%20sphere&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Riemann%20sphere&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root|Exponentiation and roots]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Exponentiation_and_square_root&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 2 - Topological Foundations === * '''[[Complex Analysis/Sequences and series|Sequences and series]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Sequences%20and%20series&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Sequences%20and%20series&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[/Power series/]] * '''[[Inverse-producing extensions of Topological Algebras/topological algebra|Topological algebra]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Inverse-producing%20extensions%20of%20Topological%20Algebras/topological%20algebra&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=topological%20algebra&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[w:en:Topological space|Topological space]] - Definition: [[Norms, metrics, topology#Definition:_topology|Topology]] * '''[[Norms, metrics, topology|Norms, metrics, topology]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 3 - Complex Derivative === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Partial derivative|Partial Derivative]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Partial%20derivative&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Partial%20Derivative&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Cauchy-Riemann Equations (CRE)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals === * '''[[Line integral|Line integral in <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Curves|Curves]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Curves&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curves&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic function|Wikipedia: holomorphic function]] ** [[w:en:Integral|Wikipedia:Integral ]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Paths|Paths]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Paths&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Paths&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Path_Integral|Path integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path_Integral&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path_Integral&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Curve integral |Wikipedia: Curve integral]] ** [[w:en:Continuity|Continuity]] and [[w:en:Limit of a sequence|Limit of a sequence]] ** [[/Inequalities/]] ** [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/rectifiable%20curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=rectifiable%20curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Trace|Trace of Curve]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Curve Integral|Curve Integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve%20Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 5 - Holomorphic Functions === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[Holomorphism/Criteria|Criteria]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphism/Criteria&author=Course:Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Criteria&coursetitle=Course:Complex_Analysis slideset]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic_function#.C3.84quivalent_properties_of_holomorphic_functions_of_one_variable|Wikipedia: Holomorphic function criteria]] ** [[/Differences from real differentiability/]] ** [[w:Conformal_mapping|conformal mappings]]<math>(\ast)</math>, * '''[[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Path%20of%20Integration&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20of%20Integration&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Cauchy's Integral Theorem for Disks/]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis/Cauchy%27s+Integral+Theorem_for_Disks&author=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis&audioslide=yes&language=en Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]], * '''[[Complex Analysis/Identity Theorem|Identity Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Identity%20Theorem&author=Course:%20Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Liouville's Theorem|Liouville's Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Liouville%27s%20Theorem&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Liouville%27s%20Theorem&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ==Lectures== * [[/Cauchy-Riemann equations/]] * [[Cauchy Theorem for a triangle]] * [[Complex analytic function]] * [[Complex Numbers]] * [[Divergent series]] * [[Estimation lemma]] * [[Fourier series]] * [[Fourier transform]] * [[Fourier transforms]] * [[Laplace transform]] * [[Riemann hypothesis]] * [[The Real and Complex Number System]] * [[Warping functions]] ==Sample exams== [[/Sample Midterm Exam 1/]] [[/Sample Midterm Exam 2/]] ==See also== * [[Boundary Value Problems]] * [[Introduction to Elasticity]] * [[The Prime Sequence Problem]] * [[Wikipedia: Complex analysis]] *[[Complex number]] [[Category:Complex analysis| ]] [[Category:Mathematics courses]] [[Category:Mathematics]] <noinclude> [[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie]] </noinclude> n6kdndp54doi41j4f5ml7go8dwiew1t 2691972 2691971 2024-12-14T17:21:16Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals */ 2691972 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|146px|thumb|Course contains [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] Slides]] [[File:Mapping f z equal 1 over z.gif|thumb|Moving the argument of function <math>f</math> in the complex number plane. The point <math>z</math> has a blue color and <math>f(z)= \frac{1}{z}</math> is marked in red color. <math>z</math> is moved on a curve with <math>\gamma(t)=t\cdot e^{it}</math>.]] [[File:Image of path 1 over z.webm|thumb|Image of path in the complex numbers for the function <math>f(z)=\frac{1}{z}</math>]] '''Complex analysis''' is a study of functions of a complex variable. This is a one quarter course in complex analysis at the undergraduate level. ==Articles== * [[Algebra II]] * [[Dummy variable]] * [[Materials Science and Engineering/Equations/Quantum Mechanics]] == Slides for Lectures == === Chapter 1 - Intoduction === * '''[[Complex Numbers/From real to complex numbers|Complex Numbers]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Numbers/From%20real%20to%20complex%20numbers&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Complex%20Numbers&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Heine–Borel_theorem|Heine-Borel Theorem]] * '''[[Riemann sphere|Riemann sphere]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Riemann%20sphere&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Riemann%20sphere&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root|Exponentiation and roots]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Exponentiation_and_square_root&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 2 - Topological Foundations === * '''[[Complex Analysis/Sequences and series|Sequences and series]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Sequences%20and%20series&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Sequences%20and%20series&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[/Power series/]] * '''[[Inverse-producing extensions of Topological Algebras/topological algebra|Topological algebra]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Inverse-producing%20extensions%20of%20Topological%20Algebras/topological%20algebra&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=topological%20algebra&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[w:en:Topological space|Topological space]] - Definition: [[Norms, metrics, topology#Definition:_topology|Topology]] * '''[[Norms, metrics, topology|Norms, metrics, topology]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 3 - Complex Derivative === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Partial derivative|Partial Derivative]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Partial%20derivative&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Partial%20Derivative&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Cauchy-Riemann Equations (CRE)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals === * '''[[Line integral|Line integral in <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Curves/|Curves]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curves&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curves&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic function|Wikipedia: holomorphic function]] ** [[w:en:Integral|Wikipedia:Integral ]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Paths|Paths]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Paths&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Paths&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Path_Integral|Path integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path_Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Curve integral |Wikipedia: Curve integral]] ** [[w:en:Continuity|Continuity]] and [[w:en:Limit of a sequence|Limit of a sequence]] ** [[/Inequalities/]] ** [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/rectifiable%20curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=rectifiable%20curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Trace|Trace of Curve]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Curve Integral|Curve Integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve%20Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 5 - Holomorphic Functions === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[Holomorphism/Criteria|Criteria]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphism/Criteria&author=Course:Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Criteria&coursetitle=Course:Complex_Analysis slideset]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic_function#.C3.84quivalent_properties_of_holomorphic_functions_of_one_variable|Wikipedia: Holomorphic function criteria]] ** [[/Differences from real differentiability/]] ** [[w:Conformal_mapping|conformal mappings]]<math>(\ast)</math>, * '''[[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Path%20of%20Integration&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20of%20Integration&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Cauchy's Integral Theorem for Disks/]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis/Cauchy%27s+Integral+Theorem_for_Disks&author=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis&audioslide=yes&language=en Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]], * '''[[Complex Analysis/Identity Theorem|Identity Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Identity%20Theorem&author=Course:%20Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Liouville's Theorem|Liouville's Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Liouville%27s%20Theorem&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Liouville%27s%20Theorem&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ==Lectures== * [[/Cauchy-Riemann equations/]] * [[Cauchy Theorem for a triangle]] * [[Complex analytic function]] * [[Complex Numbers]] * [[Divergent series]] * [[Estimation lemma]] * [[Fourier series]] * [[Fourier transform]] * [[Fourier transforms]] * [[Laplace transform]] * [[Riemann hypothesis]] * [[The Real and Complex Number System]] * [[Warping functions]] ==Sample exams== [[/Sample Midterm Exam 1/]] [[/Sample Midterm Exam 2/]] ==See also== * [[Boundary Value Problems]] * [[Introduction to Elasticity]] * [[The Prime Sequence Problem]] * [[Wikipedia: Complex analysis]] *[[Complex number]] [[Category:Complex analysis| ]] [[Category:Mathematics courses]] [[Category:Mathematics]] <noinclude> [[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie]] </noinclude> s3g6i3j71r1g28p7ne7bnse5pncc8kc 2691973 2691972 2024-12-14T17:22:41Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals */ 2691973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|146px|thumb|Course contains [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] Slides]] [[File:Mapping f z equal 1 over z.gif|thumb|Moving the argument of function <math>f</math> in the complex number plane. The point <math>z</math> has a blue color and <math>f(z)= \frac{1}{z}</math> is marked in red color. <math>z</math> is moved on a curve with <math>\gamma(t)=t\cdot e^{it}</math>.]] [[File:Image of path 1 over z.webm|thumb|Image of path in the complex numbers for the function <math>f(z)=\frac{1}{z}</math>]] '''Complex analysis''' is a study of functions of a complex variable. This is a one quarter course in complex analysis at the undergraduate level. ==Articles== * [[Algebra II]] * [[Dummy variable]] * [[Materials Science and Engineering/Equations/Quantum Mechanics]] == Slides for Lectures == === Chapter 1 - Intoduction === * '''[[Complex Numbers/From real to complex numbers|Complex Numbers]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Numbers/From%20real%20to%20complex%20numbers&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Complex%20Numbers&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Heine–Borel_theorem|Heine-Borel Theorem]] * '''[[Riemann sphere|Riemann sphere]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Riemann%20sphere&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Riemann%20sphere&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root|Exponentiation and roots]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex_Analysis/Exponentiation_and_square_root&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Exponentiation_and_square_root&coursetitle=Complex_Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 2 - Topological Foundations === * '''[[Complex Analysis/Sequences and series|Sequences and series]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Sequences%20and%20series&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Sequences%20and%20series&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[/Power series/]] * '''[[Inverse-producing extensions of Topological Algebras/topological algebra|Topological algebra]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Inverse-producing%20extensions%20of%20Topological%20Algebras/topological%20algebra&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=topological%20algebra&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * [[w:en:Topological space|Topological space]] - Definition: [[Norms, metrics, topology#Definition:_topology|Topology]] * '''[[Norms, metrics, topology|Norms, metrics, topology]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Norms,%20metrics,%20topology&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 3 - Complex Derivative === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Partial derivative|Partial Derivative]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Partial%20derivative&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Partial%20Derivative&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Cauchy-Riemann Equations (CRE)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations|Application of Cauchy-Riemann Equations]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Application%20of%20Cauchy-Riemann%20Equations&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 4 - Curves and Line Integrals === * '''[[Line integral|Line integral in <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Curves/|Curves]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curves&author=Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curves&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic function|Wikipedia: holomorphic function]] ** [[w:en:Integral|Wikipedia:Integral ]] * '''[[Complex_Analysis/Paths|Paths]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Paths&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Paths&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Path_Integral|Path integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path_Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Curve integral |Wikipedia: Curve integral]] ** [[w:en:Continuity|Continuity]] and [[w:en:Limit of a sequence|Limit of a sequence]] ** [[/Inequalities/]] ** [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/rectifiable%20curve&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=rectifiable%20curve&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Trace|Trace of Curve]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Trace&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Trace&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Curve Integral|Curve Integral]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Curve%20Integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Curve%20Integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] === Chapter 5 - Holomorphic Functions === * '''[[Holomorphic function|Holomorphic function]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphic%20function&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Holomorphic%20function&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[Holomorphism/Criteria|Criteria]] - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Holomorphism/Criteria&author=Course:Complex_Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Criteria&coursetitle=Course:Complex_Analysis slideset]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ** [[w:en:Holomorphic_function#.C3.84quivalent_properties_of_holomorphic_functions_of_one_variable|Wikipedia: Holomorphic function criteria]] ** [[/Differences from real differentiability/]] ** [[w:Conformal_mapping|conformal mappings]]<math>(\ast)</math>, * '''[[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Path%20of%20Integration&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20of%20Integration&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Goursat%27s%20Lemma%20(Details)&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[/Cauchy's Integral Theorem for Disks/]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis/Cauchy%27s+Integral+Theorem_for_Disks&author=Course%3A+Complex+Analysis&audioslide=yes&language=en Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]], * '''[[Complex Analysis/Identity Theorem|Identity Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Identity%20Theorem&author=Course:%20Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] * '''[[Complex Analysis/Liouville's Theorem|Liouville's Theorem]]''' - ([https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Liouville%27s%20Theorem&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Liouville%27s%20Theorem&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Slide Set]) [[File:Wiki2Reveal Logo.png|35px]] ==Lectures== * [[/Cauchy-Riemann equations/]] * [[Cauchy Theorem for a triangle]] * [[Complex analytic function]] * [[Complex Numbers]] * [[Divergent series]] * [[Estimation lemma]] * [[Fourier series]] * [[Fourier transform]] * [[Fourier transforms]] * [[Laplace transform]] * [[Riemann hypothesis]] * [[The Real and Complex Number System]] * [[Warping functions]] ==Sample exams== [[/Sample Midterm Exam 1/]] [[/Sample Midterm Exam 2/]] ==See also== * [[Boundary Value Problems]] * [[Introduction to Elasticity]] * [[The Prime Sequence Problem]] * [[Wikipedia: Complex analysis]] *[[Complex number]] [[Category:Complex analysis| ]] [[Category:Mathematics courses]] [[Category:Mathematics]] <noinclude> [[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie]] </noinclude> 9p5lvobyr4y4lnjbz9tj2pk9nlpa2dr 0 119778 2692010 2691046 2024-12-15T00:40:09Z Young1lim 21186 /* Non-linear Equations */ 2692010 wikitext text/x-wiki == Calculus == === Numerical Differentiation === * Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]]) * Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]]) * Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference * High Accuracy Differentiation * Richardson Extrapolation * Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation * Numerical Differentiation with Octave </br> === Non-linear Equations === * Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]]) * Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20241210.pdf |pdf]]) * Secant Method * False-Position Method </br> === Numerical Integration === * Trapezoidal Rule * Simpson's 1/3 Rule * Romberg Rule * Gauss-Quadrature Rule * Adaptive Quadrature </br> === Roots of a Nonlinear Equation === </br> === Optimization === </br> </br> == Matrix Algebra == === Simultaneous Linear Equations === * A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === Gaussian Elimination === </br> === LU Decomposition === </br> === Cholesky Decomposition === </br> === LDL Decomposition === </br> === Gauss-Seidel method === </br> === Adequacy of Solutions === </br> === Eigenvalue and Singular Value === </br> === QRD === </br> === SVD === </br> === Iterative methods === </br> </br> == Regression == === Linear Regression === </br> === Non-linear Regression === </br> === Linear Least Squares === </br> </br> == Interpolation == === Polynomial Interpolation === </br> === Linear Splines === </br> === Piecewise Interpolation === </br> </br> == Ordinary Differential Equation == </br> == Partial Differential Equation == </br> == FEM (Finite Element Method) == </br> </br> </br> == Using Symbolic Package in Octave == * Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html * Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz * In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed. * After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps. ./configure ./make ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 * While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu. == Read some tutorials about symbolic computation == * Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf) * Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf) [[Category:Numerical methods]] == Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] 9wqyw64igm95m8e088slh6aspzykla5 2692012 2692010 2024-12-15T00:41:16Z Young1lim 21186 /* Non-linear Equations */ 2692012 wikitext text/x-wiki == Calculus == === Numerical Differentiation === * Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]]) * Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]]) * Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference * High Accuracy Differentiation * Richardson Extrapolation * Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation * Numerical Differentiation with Octave </br> === Non-linear Equations === * Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]]) * Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20241211.pdf |pdf]]) * Secant Method * False-Position Method </br> === Numerical Integration === * Trapezoidal Rule * Simpson's 1/3 Rule * Romberg Rule * Gauss-Quadrature Rule * Adaptive Quadrature </br> === Roots of a Nonlinear Equation === </br> === Optimization === </br> </br> == Matrix Algebra == === Simultaneous Linear Equations === * A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === Gaussian Elimination === </br> === LU Decomposition === </br> === Cholesky Decomposition === </br> === LDL Decomposition === </br> === Gauss-Seidel method === </br> === Adequacy of Solutions === </br> === Eigenvalue and Singular Value === </br> === QRD === </br> === SVD === </br> === Iterative methods === </br> </br> == Regression == === Linear Regression === </br> === Non-linear Regression === </br> === Linear Least Squares === </br> </br> == Interpolation == === Polynomial Interpolation === </br> === Linear Splines === </br> === Piecewise Interpolation === </br> </br> == Ordinary Differential Equation == </br> == Partial Differential Equation == </br> == FEM (Finite Element Method) == </br> </br> </br> == Using Symbolic Package in Octave == * Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html * Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz * In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed. * After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps. ./configure ./make ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 * While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu. == Read some tutorials about symbolic computation == * Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf) * Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf) [[Category:Numerical methods]] == Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] rj5hi94gb68e3sp0aij1cwt7iok9187 2692014 2692012 2024-12-15T00:42:02Z Young1lim 21186 /* Non-linear Equations */ 2692014 wikitext text/x-wiki == Calculus == === Numerical Differentiation === * Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]]) * Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]]) * Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference * High Accuracy Differentiation * Richardson Extrapolation * Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation * Numerical Differentiation with Octave </br> === Non-linear Equations === * Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]]) * Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20241212.pdf |pdf]]) * Secant Method * False-Position Method </br> === Numerical Integration === * Trapezoidal Rule * Simpson's 1/3 Rule * Romberg Rule * Gauss-Quadrature Rule * Adaptive Quadrature </br> === Roots of a Nonlinear Equation === </br> === Optimization === </br> </br> == Matrix Algebra == === Simultaneous Linear Equations === * A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === Gaussian Elimination === </br> === LU Decomposition === </br> === Cholesky Decomposition === </br> === LDL Decomposition === </br> === Gauss-Seidel method === </br> === Adequacy of Solutions === </br> === Eigenvalue and Singular Value === </br> === QRD === </br> === SVD === </br> === Iterative methods === </br> </br> == Regression == === Linear Regression === </br> === Non-linear Regression === </br> === Linear Least Squares === </br> </br> == Interpolation == === Polynomial Interpolation === </br> === Linear Splines === </br> === Piecewise Interpolation === </br> </br> == Ordinary Differential Equation == </br> == Partial Differential Equation == </br> == FEM (Finite Element Method) == </br> </br> </br> == Using Symbolic Package in Octave == * Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html * Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz * In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed. * After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps. ./configure ./make ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 * While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu. == Read some tutorials about symbolic computation == * Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf) * Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf) [[Category:Numerical methods]] == Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] hb9hlmuj6qwp7eyxr27q5bmdjviuao5 2692016 2692014 2024-12-15T00:42:57Z Young1lim 21186 /* Non-linear Equations */ 2692016 wikitext text/x-wiki == Calculus == === Numerical Differentiation === * Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]]) * Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]]) * Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference * High Accuracy Differentiation * Richardson Extrapolation * Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation * Numerical Differentiation with Octave </br> === Non-linear Equations === * Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]]) * Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20241213.pdf |pdf]]) * Secant Method * False-Position Method </br> === Numerical Integration === * Trapezoidal Rule * Simpson's 1/3 Rule * Romberg Rule * Gauss-Quadrature Rule * Adaptive Quadrature </br> === Roots of a Nonlinear Equation === </br> === Optimization === </br> </br> == Matrix Algebra == === Simultaneous Linear Equations === * A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === Gaussian Elimination === </br> === LU Decomposition === </br> === Cholesky Decomposition === </br> === LDL Decomposition === </br> === Gauss-Seidel method === </br> === Adequacy of Solutions === </br> === Eigenvalue and Singular Value === </br> === QRD === </br> === SVD === </br> === Iterative methods === </br> </br> == Regression == === Linear Regression === </br> === Non-linear Regression === </br> === Linear Least Squares === </br> </br> == Interpolation == === Polynomial Interpolation === </br> === Linear Splines === </br> === Piecewise Interpolation === </br> </br> == Ordinary Differential Equation == </br> == Partial Differential Equation == </br> == FEM (Finite Element Method) == </br> </br> </br> == Using Symbolic Package in Octave == * Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html * Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz * In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed. * After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps. ./configure ./make ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 * While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu. == Read some tutorials about symbolic computation == * Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf) * Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf) [[Category:Numerical methods]] == Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] igs55nkb36m9yclbgb7o1tpecdlo9cn 2692018 2692016 2024-12-15T00:43:49Z Young1lim 21186 /* Non-linear Equations */ 2692018 wikitext text/x-wiki == Calculus == === Numerical Differentiation === * Background on Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Background.20240625.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuous Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1ContDiff.20241021.pdf |pdf]]) * Discrete Function Differentiation ([[Media:NM.Diff.1Discrete.20241116.pdf |pdf]]) * Forward, Backward, Central Divided Difference * High Accuracy Differentiation * Richardson Extrapolation * Unequal Spaced Data Differentiation * Numerical Differentiation with Octave </br> === Non-linear Equations === * Bisection Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.1Bisection.20241130.pdf |pdf]]) * Newton-Raphson Method ([[Media:NM.NLE.2Newton.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) * Secant Method * False-Position Method </br> === Numerical Integration === * Trapezoidal Rule * Simpson's 1/3 Rule * Romberg Rule * Gauss-Quadrature Rule * Adaptive Quadrature </br> === Roots of a Nonlinear Equation === </br> === Optimization === </br> </br> == Matrix Algebra == === Simultaneous Linear Equations === * A system of linear equations ([[Media:SystemLinearEq.20240521.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === Gaussian Elimination === </br> === LU Decomposition === </br> === Cholesky Decomposition === </br> === LDL Decomposition === </br> === Gauss-Seidel method === </br> === Adequacy of Solutions === </br> === Eigenvalue and Singular Value === </br> === QRD === </br> === SVD === </br> === Iterative methods === </br> </br> == Regression == === Linear Regression === </br> === Non-linear Regression === </br> === Linear Least Squares === </br> </br> == Interpolation == === Polynomial Interpolation === </br> === Linear Splines === </br> === Piecewise Interpolation === </br> </br> == Ordinary Differential Equation == </br> == Partial Differential Equation == </br> == FEM (Finite Element Method) == </br> </br> </br> == Using Symbolic Package in Octave == * Visit http://octave.sourceforge.net/index.html * Download symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz * In Ubuntu, using the Ubuntu Software Center, I installed GiNac and CLN related software and symbolic package for Octave. But it did not properly installed. * After extracting files from symbolic-1.0.9.tar.gz, I followed the following steps. ./configure ./make ./make INSTALL_PATH=/usr/share/octave/packages/3.2/symbolic-1.0.9 * While doing this, I got an error message related to mkoctfile. So, I used the following command: sudo apt-get install ocatve3.2-headers. Then I was able to install the symbolic packages in the Ubuntu. == Read some tutorials about symbolic computation == * Symbolic Mathematics in Matlab/GNU Octave (http://faraday.elec.uow.edu.au/subjects/annual/ECTE313/Symbolic_Maths.pdf) * Symbolic Computations (http://www.math.ohiou.edu/courses/math344/lecture7.pdf) [[Category:Numerical methods]] == Using SymPy ( a Python library for symbolic mathematics) == </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] 66j3k4x0ljc7w6eucd8gpv1ih9p5t2v 2 124028 2691977 2691927 2024-12-14T17:44:40Z Janosabel 80681 Insert an outline for a longer post 2691977 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello visitor, thanks for dropping by. My name is Janos--family name Abel (a fairly common name in [[Romania#Brief_History|Transylvania]], although I was born and grew up in Hungary). I am a sucker for projects on the internet relating to '''''world-changing ideas'''''. A self-taught philosopher specializing in economics (also self-taught), with some training in engineering, I consider myself a practical idealist. I am also nuts about evolution and the future of our species. Convinced that a ''best possible world'' (i.e. a world ''without war and poverty, without exploitation, oppression and avoidable suffering'') is possible, I am interested in thinking and discussing with anyone the likely material and political means of making such a world come about. The foundation of culture and civilization is material sufficiency resulting from good use resources provided by nature. __________________________________________________ :# Outline for "Visions of a Best Possible World" ## Chapter 1: Introduction ### 1.1 Welcome Message ### 1.2 Author Background - 1.2.1 Personal History - 1.2.2 Academic Pursuits - 1.2.3 Professional Interests ## Chapter 2: World-Changing Ideas ### 2.1 Defining World-Changing Ideas ### 2.2 The Role of the Internet in Promoting Change ### 2.3 Successful Examples of World-Changing Projects ## Chapter 3: Philosophy and Economics ### 3.1 Self-Taught Philosophy - 3.1.1 Major Philosophical Influences - 3.1.2 Practical Idealism Explained ### 3.2 Economics as a Tool for Change - 3.2.1 Economic Principles for a Better World - 3.2.2 Critique of Current Economic Systems ## Chapter 4: Evolution and the Future of Humanity ### 4.1 Understanding Evolution - 4.1.1 Key Concepts in Evolutionary Theory - 4.1.2 Implications for Human Development ### 4.2 Speculating on Our Future - 4.2.1 Vision of Humanity in the Next Century - 4.2.2 Challenges and Opportunities Ahead ## Chapter 5: The Vision of a Best Possible World ### 5.1 Characteristics of the Ideal World - 5.1.1 Absence of War and Poverty - 5.1.2 Eradicating Exploitation and Oppression ### 5.2 Pathways to Achieving This Vision - 5.2.1 Material and Political Means of Change - 5.2.2 Role of Education and Community Engagement ## Chapter 6: The Foundation of Culture and Civilization ### 6.1 Importance of Material Sufficiency ### 6.2 Sustainable Use of Natural Resources - 6.2.1 Strategies for Sustainable Living - 6.2.2 Case Studies in Resource Management ## Chapter 7: Engaging in Discussion ### 7.1 Inviting Conversations ### 7.2 Platforms for Dialogue ### 7.3 Building a Community of Change-Makers ## Chapter 8: Conclusion ### 8.1 Reiteration of the Vision ### 8.2 Call to Action for Readers [[User:Janosabel|Janosabel]] ([[User talk:Janosabel|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Janosabel|contribs]]) 20:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) Subpages: {{Subpages/List}} li47frrjz8q0ul0lixcu8kp4g3luoqn 2691978 2691977 2024-12-14T19:03:11Z Janosabel 80681 2691978 wikitext text/x-wiki ☁Hello visitor, thanks for dropping by. My name is Janos--family name Abel (a fairly common name in [[Romania#Brief_History|Transylvania]], although I was born and grew up in Hungary). I am drawn to internet projects focused on '''''world-changing ideas''''' (as self-taught philosopher specializing in economics (also self-taught, with some training in engineering, I consider myself a practical idealist and I'm passionate about evolution and the future of our species). Convinced that a ''best possible world'' (i.e. a world ''without war and poverty, without exploitation, oppression and avoidable suffering'') is possible, I am interested in thinking and discussing with anyone the likely material and political means of making such a world come about. The foundation of culture and civilization is material sufficiency resulting from good use resources provided by nature. __________________________________________________ :# Outline for "Visions of a Best Possible World" ## Chapter 1: Introduction ### 1.1 Welcome Message ### 1.2 Author Background - 1.2.1 Personal History - 1.2.2 Academic Pursuits - 1.2.3 Professional Interests ## Chapter 2: World-Changing Ideas ### 2.1 Defining World-Changing Ideas ### 2.2 The Role of the Internet in Promoting Change ### 2.3 Successful Examples of World-Changing Projects ## Chapter 3: Philosophy and Economics ### 3.1 Self-Taught Philosophy - 3.1.1 Major Philosophical Influences - 3.1.2 Practical Idealism Explained ### 3.2 Economics as a Tool for Change - 3.2.1 Economic Principles for a Better World - 3.2.2 Critique of Current Economic Systems ## Chapter 4: Evolution and the Future of Humanity ### 4.1 Understanding Evolution - 4.1.1 Key Concepts in Evolutionary Theory - 4.1.2 Implications for Human Development ### 4.2 Speculating on Our Future - 4.2.1 Vision of Humanity in the Next Century - 4.2.2 Challenges and Opportunities Ahead ## Chapter 5: The Vision of a Best Possible World ### 5.1 Characteristics of the Ideal World - 5.1.1 Absence of War and Poverty - 5.1.2 Eradicating Exploitation and Oppression ### 5.2 Pathways to Achieving This Vision - 5.2.1 Material and Political Means of Change - 5.2.2 Role of Education and Community Engagement ## Chapter 6: The Foundation of Culture and Civilization ### 6.1 Importance of Material Sufficiency ### 6.2 Sustainable Use of Natural Resources - 6.2.1 Strategies for Sustainable Living - 6.2.2 Case Studies in Resource Management ## Chapter 7: Engaging in Discussion ### 7.1 Inviting Conversations ### 7.2 Platforms for Dialogue ### 7.3 Building a Community of Change-Makers ## Chapter 8: Conclusion ### 8.1 Reiteration of the Vision ### 8.2 Call to Action for Readers [[User:Janosabel|Janosabel]] ([[User talk:Janosabel|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Janosabel|contribs]]) 20:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) Subpages: {{Subpages/List}} ods3hz3fwz1h9xnx8296k8w7819lev2 2691981 2691978 2024-12-14T19:17:53Z Janosabel 80681 2691981 wikitext text/x-wiki ☁Hello visitor, thanks for dropping by. My name is Janos--family name Abel (a fairly common name in [[Romania#Brief_History|Transylvania]], although I was born and grew up in Hungary). I am drawn to internet projects focused on '''''world-changing ideas''''' (as self-taught philosopher specializing in economics (also self-taught, with some training in engineering, I consider myself a practical idealist and I'm passionate about evolution and the future of our species). Convinced that a ''best possible world'' (i.e. a world ''without war and poverty, without exploitation, oppression and avoidable suffering'') is possible, I am interested in thinking and discussing with anyone the likely material and political means of making such a world come about. The foundation of culture and civilization is material sufficiency resulting from good use resources provided by nature. <nowiki>======================</nowiki> The rewritten text: My name is Janos Abel, a common name in Transylvania where I was born, though I grew up in Hungary. I am a practical idealist, passionate about economics, evolution, and the future of our species. I believe in the possibility of a world without war, poverty, exploitation, or suffering, and I'm interested in discussing the means to make such a world a reality. Material sufficiency from the responsible use of natural resources (as per section to follow) is the basis for a better world. __________________________________________________ :# Outline for "Visions of a Best Possible World" ## Chapter 1: Introduction ### 1.1 Welcome Message ### 1.2 Author Background - 1.2.1 Personal History - 1.2.2 Academic Pursuits - 1.2.3 Professional Interests ## Chapter 2: World-Changing Ideas ### 2.1 Defining World-Changing Ideas ### 2.2 The Role of the Internet in Promoting Change ### 2.3 Successful Examples of World-Changing Projects ## Chapter 3: Philosophy and Economics ### 3.1 Self-Taught Philosophy - 3.1.1 Major Philosophical Influences - 3.1.2 Practical Idealism Explained ### 3.2 Economics as a Tool for Change - 3.2.1 Economic Principles for a Better World - 3.2.2 Critique of Current Economic Systems ## Chapter 4: Evolution and the Future of Humanity ### 4.1 Understanding Evolution - 4.1.1 Key Concepts in Evolutionary Theory - 4.1.2 Implications for Human Development ### 4.2 Speculating on Our Future - 4.2.1 Vision of Humanity in the Next Century - 4.2.2 Challenges and Opportunities Ahead ## Chapter 5: The Vision of a Best Possible World ### 5.1 Characteristics of the Ideal World - 5.1.1 Absence of War and Poverty - 5.1.2 Eradicating Exploitation and Oppression ### 5.2 Pathways to Achieving This Vision - 5.2.1 Material and Political Means of Change - 5.2.2 Role of Education and Community Engagement ## Chapter 6: The Foundation of Culture and Civilization ### 6.1 Importance of Material Sufficiency ### 6.2 Sustainable Use of Natural Resources - 6.2.1 Strategies for Sustainable Living - 6.2.2 Case Studies in Resource Management ## Chapter 7: Engaging in Discussion ### 7.1 Inviting Conversations ### 7.2 Platforms for Dialogue ### 7.3 Building a Community of Change-Makers ## Chapter 8: Conclusion ### 8.1 Reiteration of the Vision ### 8.2 Call to Action for Readers [[User:Janosabel|Janosabel]] ([[User talk:Janosabel|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Janosabel|contribs]]) 20:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) Subpages: {{Subpages/List}} hp2jt1g4vi5omq5s5j57vlsjvlq87hr 2691982 2691981 2024-12-14T19:25:35Z Janosabel 80681 2691982 wikitext text/x-wiki ☁Hello visitor, thanks for dropping by. My name is Janos--family name Abel (a fairly common name in [[Romania#Brief_History|Transylvania]], although I was born and grew up in Hungary). I am drawn to internet projects focused on '''''world-changing ideas''''' (as self-taught philosopher specializing in economics (also self-taught, with some training in engineering, I consider myself a practical idealist and I'm passionate about evolution and the future of our species). Convinced that a ''best possible world'' (i.e. a world ''without war and poverty, without exploitation, oppression and avoidable suffering'') is possible, I am interested in thinking and discussing with anyone the likely material and political means of making such a world come about. The foundation of culture and civilization is material sufficiency resulting from good use resources provided by nature. <nowiki>======================</nowiki> The rewritten text: My name is Janos Abel, a common name in Transylvania where I was born, though I grew up in Hungary. I am a practical idealist, passionate about economics, evolution, and the future of our species. I believe in the possibility of a world without war, poverty, exploitation, or avoidable suffering, and I'm interested in discussing the means to make such a world a reality. Material sufficiency from the responsible use of natural resources (as per section to follow) is the basis for a better world. __________________________________________________ :# Outline for "Visions of a Best Possible World" ## Chapter 1: Introduction ### 1.1 Welcome Message ### 1.2 Author Background - 1.2.1 Personal History - 1.2.2 Academic Pursuits - 1.2.3 Professional Interests ## Chapter 2: World-Changing Ideas ### 2.1 Defining World-Changing Ideas ### 2.2 The Role of the Internet in Promoting Change ### 2.3 Successful Examples of World-Changing Projects ## Chapter 3: Philosophy and Economics ### 3.1 Self-Taught Philosophy - 3.1.1 Major Philosophical Influences - 3.1.2 Practical Idealism Explained ### 3.2 Economics as a Tool for Change - 3.2.1 Economic Principles for a Better World - 3.2.2 Critique of Current Economic Systems ## Chapter 4: Evolution and the Future of Humanity ### 4.1 Understanding Evolution - 4.1.1 Key Concepts in Evolutionary Theory - 4.1.2 Implications for Human Development ### 4.2 Speculating on Our Future - 4.2.1 Vision of Humanity in the Next Century - 4.2.2 Challenges and Opportunities Ahead ## Chapter 5: The Vision of a Best Possible World ### 5.1 Characteristics of the Ideal World - 5.1.1 Absence of War and Poverty - 5.1.2 Eradicating Exploitation and Oppression ### 5.2 Pathways to Achieving This Vision - 5.2.1 Material and Political Means of Change - 5.2.2 Role of Education and Community Engagement ## Chapter 6: The Foundation of Culture and Civilization ### 6.1 Importance of Material Sufficiency ### 6.2 Sustainable Use of Natural Resources - 6.2.1 Strategies for Sustainable Living - 6.2.2 Case Studies in Resource Management ## Chapter 7: Engaging in Discussion ### 7.1 Inviting Conversations ### 7.2 Platforms for Dialogue ### 7.3 Building a Community of Change-Makers ## Chapter 8: Conclusion ### 8.1 Reiteration of the Vision ### 8.2 Call to Action for Readers [[User:Janosabel|Janosabel]] ([[User talk:Janosabel|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Janosabel|contribs]]) 20:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) Subpages: {{Subpages/List}} mpwwov1w2c2i2f06t91b2k7y1gh2pwe 0 139384 2691930 2691803 2024-12-14T13:09:41Z Young1lim 21186 /* Adder */ 2691930 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adder == * Binary Adder Architecture Exploration ( [[Media:Adder.20131113.pdf|pdf]] ) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Adder type !! Overview !! Analysis !! VHDL Level Design !! CMOS Level Design |- | '''1. Ripple Carry Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.RCA.20211108.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.rca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1D.RCA.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- | '''2. Carry Lookahead Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CLA.20221130.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.cla.20140313.pdf|pdf]]|| |- | '''3. Carry Save Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSave.20151209.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''4. Carry Select Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSelA.20191002.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''5. Carry Skip Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5A.CSkip.20241214.pdf|A]]|| || || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5D.CSkip.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''6. Carry Chain Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6A.CCA.20211109.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6C.CCA.VHDL.20211109.pdf|pdf]], [[Media:Adder.cca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6D.CCA.CMOS.20211109.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''7. Kogge-Stone Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.KSA.20140315.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.ksa.20140409.pdf|pdf]]|| |- || '''8. Prefix Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.PFA.20140314.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''9.1 Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.VBA.20221110.pdf|A]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1B.VBA.20230911.pdf|B]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1C.VBA.20240622.pdf|C]]|| || || |- || '''9.2 Multi-Level Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.VBA-Multi.20221031.pdf|A]]|| || || |} </br> === Adder Architectures Suitable for FPGA === * FPGA Carry-Chain Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.FPGA-CCA.20210421.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Select Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.B.FPGA-CarrySelect.20210522.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Variable Block Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.C.FPGA-VariableBlock.20220125.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Lookahead Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.D.FPGA-CLookahead.20210304.pdf|pdf]]) * Carry-Skip Adder </br> == Barrel Shifter == * Barrel Shifter Architecture Exploration ([[Media:Bshift.20131105.pdf|bshfit.vhdl]], [[Media:Bshift.makefile.20131109.pdf|bshfit.makefile]]) </br> '''Mux Based Barrel Shifter''' * Analysis ([[Media:Arith.BShfiter.20151207.pdf|pdf]]) * Implementation </br> == Multiplier == === Array Multipliers === * Analysis ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Mult.20151209.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Tree Mulltipliers === * Lattice Multiplication ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.LatticeMult.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Wallace Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.WallaceTree.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Dadda Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.DaddaTree.20170701.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Booth Multipliers === * [[Media:RNS4.BoothEncode.20161005.pdf|Booth Encoding Note]] * Booth Multiplier Note ([[Media:BoothMult.20160929.pdf|H1.pdf]]) </br> == Divider == * Binary Divider ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Divider.20131217.pdf|pdf]])</br> </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Digital Circuit Design]] [[Category:FPGA]] l4sjd14yl3m8aja6hk2v5f5ll9o80f5 0 153362 2691976 2691075 2024-12-14T17:34:09Z 184.60.58.17 /* Capitals */ 2691976 wikitext text/x-wiki == States == * [[US States/Virginia|Virginia]] * [[US States/West Virginia|West Virginia]] * [[US States/Kentucky|Kentucky]] * [[US States/North Carolina|North Carolina]] * [[US States/South Carolina|South Carolina]] * [[US States/Tennessee|Tennessee]] * [[US States/Alabama|Alabama]] * [[US States/Georgia|Georgia]] * [[US States/Mississippi|Mississippi]] * [[US States/Florida|Florida]] * [[US States/Louisiana|Louisiana]] * [[US States/Arkansas|Arkansas]] == Capitals == == '''Richmond, Virginia''' == * '''Charleston, West Virginia''' * '''Frankfort, Kentucky''' * Raleigh, North Carolina * Columbia, South Carolina * '''Nashville, Tennessee''' * Montgomery, Alabama * '''Atlanta, Georgia''' * Jackson, Mississippi * '''Tallahassee, Florida''' * '''Baton Rouge, Louisiana''' * * Little Rock, Arkansas === See also === * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Southwest]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Northeast]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Midwest]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/West]] [[Category:States and capitals of the United States]] c7mw1grz8notakdja6stys0l3dxlivi 2691984 2691976 2024-12-14T21:47:52Z Atcovi 276019 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/184.60.58.17|184.60.58.17]] ([[User_talk:184.60.58.17|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2586010 wikitext text/x-wiki == States == * [[US States/Virginia|Virginia]] * [[US States/West Virginia|West Virginia]] * [[US States/Kentucky|Kentucky]] * [[US States/North Carolina|North Carolina]] * [[US States/South Carolina|South Carolina]] * [[US States/Tennessee|Tennessee]] * [[US States/Alabama|Alabama]] * [[US States/Georgia|Georgia]] * [[US States/Mississippi|Mississippi]] * [[US States/Florida|Florida]] * [[US States/Louisiana|Louisiana]] * [[US States/Arkansas|Arkansas]] == Capitals == * '''Richmond, Virginia''' * '''Charleston, West Virginia''' * '''Frankfort, Kentucky''' * '''Raleigh, North Carolina''' * '''Columbia, South Carolina''' * '''Nashville, Tennessee''' * '''Montgomery, Alabama''' * '''Atlanta, Georgia''' * '''Jackson, Mississippi''' * '''Tallahassee, Florida''' * '''Baton Rouge, Louisiana''' * '''Little Rock, Arkansas''' === See also === * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Southwest]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Northeast]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/Midwest]] * [[States and Capitals of the USA/West]] [[Category:States and capitals of the United States]] ohn0cjyfn3l9e0dp8bc9ojsyviape7c 0 171005 2691933 2691814 2024-12-14T14:06:44Z Young1lim 21186 /* Geometric Series Examples */ 2691933 wikitext text/x-wiki Many of the functions that arise naturally in mathematics and real world applications can be extended to and regarded as complex functions, meaning the input, as well as the output, can be complex numbers <math>x+iy</math>, where <math>i=\sqrt{-1}</math>, in such a way that it is a more natural object to study. '''Complex analysis''', which used to be known as '''function theory''' or '''theory of functions of a single complex variable''', is a sub-field of analysis that studies such functions (more specifically, '''holomorphic''' functions) on the complex plane, or part (domain) or extension (Riemann surface) thereof. It notably has great importance in number theory, e.g. the [[Riemann zeta function]] (for the distribution of primes) and other <math>L</math>-functions, modular forms, elliptic functions, etc. <blockquote>The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. — [[wikipedia:Jacques_Hadamard|Jacques Hadamard]]</blockquote>In a certain sense, the essence of complex functions is captured by the principle of [[analytic continuation]].{{mathematics}} ==''' Complex Functions '''== * Complex Functions ([[Media:CAnal.1.A.CFunction.20140222.Basic.pdf|1.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.B.CFunction.20140111.Octave.pdf|1.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.C.CFunction.20140111.Extend.pdf|1.C.pdf]]) * Complex Exponential and Logarithm ([[Media:CAnal.5.A.CLog.20131017.pdf|5.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.5.A.Octave.pdf|5.B.pdf]]) * Complex Trigonometric and Hyperbolic ([[Media:CAnal.7.A.CTrigHyper..pdf|7.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.7.A.Octave..pdf|7.B.pdf]]) '''Complex Function Note''' : 1. Exp and Log Function Note ([[Media:ComplexExp.29160721.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 2. Trig and TrigH Function Note ([[Media:CAnal.Trig-H.29160901.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 3. Inverse Trig and TrigH Functions Note ([[Media:CAnal.Hyper.29160829.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Integrals '''== * Complex Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.2.A.CIntegral.20140224.Basic.pdf|2.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.B.CIntegral.20140117.Octave.pdf|2.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.C.CIntegral.20140117.Extend.pdf|2.C.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Series '''== * Complex Series ([[Media:CPX.Series.20150226.2.Basic.pdf|3.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.B.CSeries.20140121.Octave.pdf|3.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.C.CSeries.20140303.Extend.pdf|3.C.pdf]]) ==''' Residue Integrals '''== * Residue Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.4.A.Residue.20140227.Basic.pdf|4.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.B.pdf|4.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.C.Residue.20140423.Extend.pdf|4.C.pdf]]) ==='''Residue Integrals Note'''=== * Laurent Series with the Residue Theorem Note ([[Media:Laurent.1.Residue.20170713.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series with Applications Note ([[Media:Laurent.2.Applications.20170327.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series and the z-Transform Note ([[Media:Laurent.3.z-Trans.20170831.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series as a Geometric Series Note ([[Media:Laurent.4.GSeries.20170802.pdf|H1.pdf]]) === Laurent Series and the z-Transform Example Note === * Overview ([[Media:Laurent.4.z-Example.20170926.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ====Geometric Series Examples==== * Causality ([[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.A.20191026n.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.B.20191026.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Time Shift ([[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.A.20191028.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.B.20191029.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Reciprocity ([[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3A.20191030.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3B.20191031.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Combinations ([[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4A.20200702.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4B.20201002.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5A.20220105.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5B.20220126.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Permutations ([[Media:Laurent.6.Permutation.6A.20230711.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6B.20241214.pdf|B.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6C.20240528.pdf|C.pdf]]) * Applications ([[Media:Laurent.5.Application.6B.20220723.pdf|A.pdf]]) * Double Pole Case :- Examples ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7A.20220722.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7B.20220720.pdf|B.pdf]]) :- Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5A.20190226.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5B.20190228.pdf|B.pdf]]) ====The Case Examples==== * Example Overview : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.0.A.20171208.pdf|0A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.6.CaseExample.0.B.20180205.pdf|0B.pdf]]) * Example Case 1 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.A.20171107.pdf|1A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.B.20171227.pdf|1B.pdf]]) * Example Case 2 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.A.20171107.pdf|2A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.B.20171227.pdf|2B.pdf]]) * Example Case 3 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.A.20171017.pdf|3A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.B.20171226.pdf|3B.pdf]]) * Example Case 4 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.A.20171017.pdf|4A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.B.20171228.pdf|4B.pdf]]) * Example Summary : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.A.20171212.pdf|5A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.B.20171230.pdf|5B.pdf]]) ==''' Conformal Mapping '''== * Conformal Mapping ([[Media:CAnal.6.A.Conformal.20131224.pdf|6.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.6.A.Octave..pdf|6.B.pdf]]) go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Complex analysis]] kuatoq6ckz2e2elsmv7notmyqxb0vpm 0 196588 2691954 2206119 2024-12-14T15:00:20Z 59.120.188.226 adding , between different equations 2691954 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[../MomentOfInertia/|Rotational Inertia]] or moment of inertia of a solid cylinder rotating about the central axis or the z axis as shown in the figure is <blockquote><math> I = \frac{1}{2} M R^2 </math></blockquote> for other axes, such as rotation about x or y, the moment of inertia is given as <blockquote><math> I = \frac{1}{4} M R^2 + \frac{1}{12} M L^2 </math></blockquote> \begin{figure} \includegraphics[scale=.6]{SolidCylinder.eps} \caption{Rotational inertia of a solid cylinder} \end{figure} For the moment of inertia about the z axis, the integration in cylindrical coordinates is straight forward, since r in cylindrical coordinates is the same as in the inertia calculation so we have <math> I = \int r^2 dm </math> Assuming constant density throughout the cylinder leads to <math> dm = \rho dV </math> and in cylindrical coordinates the infinitesmal [[../Volume/|volume]] dV is given by <math> dV = r \, dr d\phi dz </math> giving the equation to integrate as <math> I = \rho \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^R r^3 \, dr d\phi dz </math> Integrating the r term yields <math> I = \frac{R^4 \rho}{4} \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \, d\phi dz </math> and ingtegrating the <math>\phi</math> term gives <math> I = \frac{2 \pi R^4 \rho}{4} \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \, dz </math> Next, integrating the z term and putting in the limits simplifies to <math> I = \frac{\pi R^4 \rho L}{2} </math> Finally, plugging in the equation for density and volume of a cylinder <math> \rho = \frac{M}{V} </math> <math> V = \pi R^2 L </math> leaves us with equation (1) <math> I = \frac{1}{2} M R^2 </math> In order to derive the rotational inertia about the x and y axes, one needs to reference the [[../InertiaTensor/|inertia tensor]] to make things easy on us. Essentially, we are trying to calculate <math>I_{11}</math> and <math>I_{22}</math> which correspond to the moments of inertia about the x and y axes in this case. Turning the sums into integrals for our continuous example to [[../Work/|work]] with these equations <math> I_{11} = \int (r^2 - x^2) dm </math> , <math> I_{22} = \int (r^2 - y^2) dm </math> before we can dive into the integration, we need to convert to cylindrical coordinates. First we note that <math> r^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 </math> which gives us <math> I_{11} = \int (y^2 + z^2) dm </math>, <math> I_{22} = \int (x^2 + z^2) dm </math> Next, we see that in cylindrical coordinates that <math> x = r \cos \phi </math>, <math> y = r \sin \phi </math>, <math> z = z </math> the z coordinate is obvious, but to see the x and y coordinates see the below figure which shows a slice out of the cylinder \begin{figure} \includegraphics[scale=.4]{CylinderSlice.eps} \caption{Cylinder Slice} \end{figure} It might not be obvious now but the integrals for x and y will come out to the same answer and we shall show this shortly. So the switch to cylindrical coordinates is complete once we change <math>dm</math> to <math>\rho dV</math> giving <blockquote><math> I_{11} = \int (r^2 \sin^2 \phi + z^2) \rho dV </math></blockquote> <blockquote><math> I_{22} = \int (r^2 \cos^2 \phi + z^2) \rho dV </math></blockquote> Once again in cylindrical coordinates the infinitesmal volume dV is given by <math> dV = r \, dr d\phi dz </math> so we must integrate <math> I_{11} = \rho \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^R (r^3 \sin^2 \phi + r z^2) \, dr d\phi dz </math> <math> I_{22} = \rho \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^R (r^3 \cos^2 \phi + r z^2) \, dr d\phi dz </math> Let us break up the integral and start with the <math>r z^2</math> term so first integrate <math>dr</math> to get <math> \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{2}R^2 z^2 d\phi dz </math> the <math>\phi</math> term leaves us with <math> \frac{2\pi}{2}R^2\int_{-L/2}^{L/2} z^2 dz </math> Finally, integrating the <math>z</math> term gives us <blockquote><math> \frac{ \pi R^2 L^3}{12} </math></blockquote> Next up is the <math>r^3 \sin^2</math> term, so first integrate <math>dr</math> to get <math> \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{4}R^4 \sin^2 \phi d\phi dz </math> to integrate the <math>\phi</math> term use the trigonometric [[../Cod/|identity]] that <math> \sin^2 \phi = 1 - \cos^2 \phi </math> and then use another trigonometric identity <math> \cos^2 \phi = \frac{1}{2} ( 1 + \cos (2\phi)</math> so the integration becomes <math> \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{4}R^4(1 - 1/2 + 1/2 \cos (2 \phi)) d\phi dz </math> Use u substitution to solve this so <math> u = 2 \phi </math> <math> du = 2 d\phi </math> <math> d\phi = \frac{du}{2} </math> and we carry out the integration of <math> \int_0^{2\pi} \cos u \, du </math> and this integrates to zero and we are left with <math> \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{8}R^4 d\phi dz </math> This integration is simple now and we get <math> \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} \frac{\pi}{4}R^4 dz </math> Finally, the <math>z</math> term gives us <blockquote><math> \frac{\pi}{4}R^4 L </math></blockquote> Plugging equations (5) and (6) into (3) gives us <blockquote><math> I_{11} = \rho ( \frac{\pi}{4}R^4 L + \frac{ \pi R^2 L^3}{12} ) </math></blockquote> Using the volume of a cylinder <math> V_{cyl} = \pi R^2 L </math> we get the expression for the density <math> \rho = \frac{M}{\pi R^2 L} </math> and plugging this into seven and simplifying gives us the moment of inertia about the x axis, which was stated in (1) <blockquote><math> I_{11} = \left( \frac{1}{4}M R^2 + \frac{1}{12}M L^2 \right) </math></blockquote> ===References=== [1] Halliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J.: "[[../CosmologicalConstant/|fundamentals of physics".\,]] 5th Edition, John Wiley \& Sons, New York, 1997. {{CourseCat}} dpx7l9b6ta74ewpau5j0j3tzro4721k 0 263813 2691989 2691886 2024-12-14T23:30:43Z Scogdill 1331941 2691989 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke * Mrs. Guendoline Bourke * Lady Florence Bourke * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father. == Overview == Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, usually with a quick description of what she wore. The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl. == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> == Organizations == === The Hon. Algernon Bourke === * Eton * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Stock Exchange * Willis's Rooms<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref> === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> == Timeline == '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>'''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of White's Club, St. James's Street.<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote>'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':<blockquote>To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.” Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now "by order" thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ALGERNON BOURKE. White's Club, June 27<ref>"The Summer Club." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]]. '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote>'''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. '''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that "Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.<ref>"Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died. '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show. '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:<blockquote>The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref></blockquote>'''20 July 1901, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the Daily Express reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as * Salambo in the Oriental procession.<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} *"Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> === Residences === *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1890: 33 Cadogan Terrace *1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} 76aa28a3nn14ly7j3e1i8368ik4legt 2691990 2691989 2024-12-14T23:31:50Z Scogdill 1331941 /* Timeline */ 2691990 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke * Mrs. Guendoline Bourke * Lady Florence Bourke * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father. == Overview == Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, usually with a quick description of what she wore. The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl. == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> == Organizations == === The Hon. Algernon Bourke === * Eton * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Stock Exchange * Willis's Rooms<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref> === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> == Timeline == '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>'''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of White's Club, St. James's Street.<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote>'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':<blockquote>To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.” Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now "by order" thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ALGERNON BOURKE. White's Club, June 27<ref>"The Summer Club." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.<p> '''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that "Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.<ref>"Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died. '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show. '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:<blockquote>The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref></blockquote>'''20 July 1901, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the Daily Express reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as * Salambo in the Oriental procession.<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} *"Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> === Residences === *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1890: 33 Cadogan Terrace *1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} mg82rydf0maw4tnvhy6fp2ss9wj7aa4 2691992 2691990 2024-12-14T23:32:56Z Scogdill 1331941 /* Timeline */ 2691992 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke * Mrs. Guendoline Bourke * Lady Florence Bourke * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father. == Overview == Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, usually with a quick description of what she wore. The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl. == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> == Organizations == === The Hon. Algernon Bourke === * Eton * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Stock Exchange * Willis's Rooms<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref> === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> == Timeline == '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>'''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of White's Club, St. James's Street.<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote>'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':<blockquote>To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.” Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now "by order" thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ALGERNON BOURKE. White's Club, June 27<ref>"The Summer Club." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.<p> '''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that "Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.<ref>"Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.</ref><p> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died. '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show. '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:<blockquote>The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref></blockquote>'''20 July 1901, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the Daily Express reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as * Salambo in the Oriental procession.<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} *"Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> === Residences === *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1890: 33 Cadogan Terrace *1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} 6tnf5opog6jctddjzd29c49nuqd2o1x 2691993 2691992 2024-12-14T23:33:56Z Scogdill 1331941 /* Timeline */ 2691993 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke * Mrs. Guendoline Bourke * Lady Florence Bourke * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father. == Overview == Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, usually with a quick description of what she wore. The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl. == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> == Organizations == === The Hon. Algernon Bourke === * Eton * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Stock Exchange * Willis's Rooms<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref> === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> == Timeline == '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>'''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of White's Club, St. James's Street.<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote>'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':<blockquote>To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.” Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now "by order" thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ALGERNON BOURKE. White's Club, June 27<ref>"The Summer Club." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.<p> '''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that "Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref><p> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.<ref>"Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.</ref><p> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died. '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show. '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:<blockquote>The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref></blockquote>'''20 July 1901, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the Daily Express reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as * Salambo in the Oriental procession.<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} *"Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> === Residences === *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1890: 33 Cadogan Terrace *1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} 8tqiywtt2ccaakgdhmi675dtmpjkaly 2691994 2691993 2024-12-14T23:34:47Z Scogdill 1331941 /* Timeline */ 2691994 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke * Mrs. Guendoline Bourke * Lady Florence Bourke * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father. == Overview == Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, usually with a quick description of what she wore. The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl. == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> == Organizations == === The Hon. Algernon Bourke === * Eton * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Stock Exchange * Willis's Rooms<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref> === Mr. Algernon Bourke === * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> == Timeline == '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>'''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of White's Club, St. James's Street.<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote>'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':<blockquote>To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.” Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now "by order" thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ALGERNON BOURKE. White's Club, June 27<ref>"The Summer Club." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote>'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]].<p> '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.<p> '''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that "Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref><p> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.<ref>"Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.</ref><p> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died. '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show. '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:<blockquote>The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref></blockquote>'''20 July 1901, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the Daily Express reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as * Salambo in the Oriental procession.<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} *"Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> === Residences === *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1890: 33 Cadogan Terrace *1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} 0krzhzvivyno0pnkvcefzc09u6ucvpz 0 264254 2691983 2183994 2024-12-14T21:33:22Z Scogdill 1331941 2691983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s | 1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880 | 1880]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881 | 1881]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882 | 1882]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883 | 1883]] 1884 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885 | 1885]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886 | 1886]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887 | 1887]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888 | 1888]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889 | 1889]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]] ==January 1884== ===1 January 1884, Tuesday, New Year's Day=== ===5 January 1884, Saturday=== Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' opens at the Savoy. ==February 1884== ==March 1884== <quote>It would be eight years before the Prince [of Wales] spoke to the Churchills again. Then, in March 1884, pressed by the Queen and well aware of Lord Randolph's rising reputation in the House of Commons, His royal Highness consented to attend a dinner given by the Attorney General where the guests included a Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone and Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill. The meeting passed off well, but another two years elapsed and Lord Randolph had become Secretary for India before the Prince could bring himself to enter the Churchill home</quote><cite>(Leslie 66)</cite>. ===28 March 1884, Friday=== Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, died, his wife Helen pregnant with their second child. He was 30. ==April 1884== ===7 April 1884, Monday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] comes to London from Paris, "arriving unexpectedly on the evening of a meeting of the 'London Lodge,'" and then returns a week later (Sinnett, A. P., Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky. P. 110 of this pdf; p. 214 in the edition they digitized: http://www.theosophical.ca/books/IncidentsInTheLifeOfMadameBlavatsky_APSinnett.pdf). ===9 April 1884, Wednesday, through 20 April, Sunday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Less-Famous People Involved in Spiritualism#Henry Steel Olcott|Henry Steel Olcott]] and perhaps [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Blavatsky]] attended "Almost nightly meetings aid receptions at the Sinnetts. [Olcott] Meets Edwin Arnold, F. W. H. Myers, William Stead, Camille Flammarion, Oscar Wilde, Prof. Adams, discoverer of Neptune, the Varleys, the Crookes, Robert Browning, Sir Oliver Lodge, Matthew Arnold, Lord and Lady Borthwick, C. C. Massey, Stainton Moses ('M. A. Oxon.') (Diaries)." (Chronological Survey: xxviii–xxix) ===13 April 1884, Sunday=== Easter Sunday ===14 April 1884, Monday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] returns to Paris from London, having been there a week. ==May 1884== ===16 May 1884, Friday=== Meeting of the Fabian Society, the first meeting [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] attended (Holroyd, vol. 1, p. 131). ===28 May 1884, Wednesday=== Derby Day. According to the ''Morning Post'', <quote>Mrs. Warner Hyde's first reception at 24, Grosvenor-place. / Mrs. W. H. Smith's evening party, 3, Grosvenor-place. / Chevalier and Mrs. Desanges' at home, at 16, Stratford-place, four till seven. No cards. / The New Club Dance. / ... Royal College of Music, annual meeting, Albert Hall, 4. / ... Royal Society of Literature, meeting, 8.</quote> ("Arrangements for This Day." The Morning Post Wednesday, 28 May 1884: p. 5 [of 8], Col. 7A). ==June 1884== ===1 June 1884, Sunday=== Whit Sunday === 18 June 1884, Wednesday === A "thought-reading" experiment, based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere, was performed with some <blockquote>Mr. Irving Bishop last evening gave a "Thought-Reading" ''séance'' in the drawing-room of the Westminster Palace Hotel, in the presence of a large and fashionable audience, which included some twenty or thirty members of both Houses of Parliament. The Committee selected to watch the experiments, with Mr. Edward Stanhope, M.P., in the chair, were: — Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], Canon Wilberforce, Mr. Henry Hermann, Mr. Justin McCarthy, M.P., Dr. Cameron, M.P., Mr. Clement Scott, Lord Mount-Temple, Mr. M'Lagan, M.P., Mr. Millais, R.A., Lord Mayo, and Mr. Cross. Before commencing the task of trying to read the number of a bank note sealed in an envelope, in accordance with the conditions of Mr. Labouchere's challange of a year ago, Mr. Bishop succeeded in finding a, pin hidden by Mr. M'Lagan, M.P, but failed in attempts to discover one concealed by Mr. Millais, or to locate a supposed pain in the body of Mr. Healy, M.P. Mr. Bishop's first attempt with a bank-note, with Sir Henry Holland, M.P., as the subject, was wrong, and then Mr. Bishop claimed that he ought to be allowed to select his subject from one of the fifty gentlemen whose names were chosen by Mr. Labouchere. After much discussion, this was agreed to, and the experimenter selected Mr. M'Lagan and Mr. Stanhope as his subjects, they being furnished with a fresh bank-note by Sir H. Holland. On their return to the room, Mr. Bishop put the figures 33425 on the board, but they were declared by Sir H. Holland, who held the note, to be wrong. Mr. Bishop then tried with Mr. Stanhope, when he made it out to be 33,245, which was announced to be correct. The cheers greeting the announcement were renewed as Mr. M'Lagan stated that he had made a mistake in the number, and was really thinking of 33,425. Mr. Bishop said he thought Mr. Laboucheie owed him an apology for what he had written about him, and also 1000/. to the Children's Hospital.— On the motion of Mr. Stanhope, seconded by Mr. M'Lagan, a vote of thanks was accorded the performer!<ref>"Thought-Reading." ''London Evening Standard'' 19 June 1884, Thursday: 3 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 8]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18840619/026/0003. Print title: The ''Standard''; p. 3.</ref></blockquote> ===29 June 1884, Sunday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] returned to London: "She came over to London again on the 29th of June, and stayed with friends [the Arundales, I think] in Elgin Crescent, Notting Hill, where she remained till early in August, going over then to Germany with a party of Theosophists on a visit to friends in Elberfeld. Her presence in London during the period referred to became rather widely known, and large numbers of people contrived to make her acquaintance. Streams of visitors were constantly pouring in to see her, and with her usual abandon of manner she would receive her callers in any costume, in any room which happened to be convenient to her for the moment — in her bedroom, which she also made her writing-room and study, or in her friends' drawing-room thick with the smoke of her innumerable cigarettes, and of those which she hospitably offered to all who cared to accept them." (Sinnett, A. P., Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky. P. 111 of this pdf; p. 215 in the edition they digitized: http://www.theosophical.ca/books/IncidentsInTheLifeOfMadameBlavatsky_APSinnett.pdf) ==July 1884== ===3 July 1884, Thursday=== Bret Harte met [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] <quote>for the first time at an "at home" at the Lawrence Barretts</quote> (Axel Nissen, Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 216) ==August 1884== "Early in August," [[Social Victorians/People/Helena Blavatsky|Helena Blavatsky]] left London (Sinnett, A. P., Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky. P. 111 of this pdf; p. 215 in the edition they digitized: http://www.theosophical.ca/books/IncidentsInTheLifeOfMadameBlavatsky_APSinnett.pdf). ===25 August 1884, Monday=== Summer Bank Holiday ==September 1884== ==October 1884== ===31 October 1884, Friday=== Halloween ==November 1884== ===5 November 1884, Wednesday=== Guy Fawkes Day ==December 1884== ===25 December 1884, Thursday=== Christmas Day ===26 December 1884, Friday=== Boxing Day ==Works Cited== *Chronological Survey of the Chief Events in the Life of H. P. Blavatsky and Henry S. Olcott, December, 1883, to December, 1885 Inclusive. (http://www.katinkahesselink.net/blavatsky/misc/cs_06.htm) g8muiip31e5agfjt0yq93ld7a0gwp7m 0 264274 2691985 2189341 2024-12-14T22:27:37Z Scogdill 1331941 /* June 1889 */ 2691985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s | 1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880 | 1880]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881 | 1881]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882 | 1882]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883 | 1883]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884 | 1884]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885 | 1885]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886 | 1886]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887 | 1887]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888 | 1888]] 1889 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]] ==Sometime in 1889== A. H. Macmurdo purchased 20 Fitzroy, London, and redecorated it memorably. From the 1 January 1890 ''Morning Post'': <quote>Equally the attempt of Mr. Gladstone to invent a brand new system of "electoral statistics," directed to the conclusion that he had in the minority the leadership of the only true majority, with the implication that the Unionists, if honest men, would immediately resign their trust, has been received with good-humoured incredulity.</quote><cite>(Morning Post, Wednesday, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): p. 4, Col. G. British Newspaper Archive.</cite> ==January 1889== ===1 January 1889, Tuesday, New Year's Day=== === 16 January 1889 === A Jack the Ripper letter "refers to 'my trip to Bradford'" (Cornwell 296). ==February 1889== ==March 1889== ===6 March 1889, Wednesday=== Ash Wednesday. ==April 1889== ===10 April 1889, Wednesday=== According to the summary of the weather in the 1 January 1890 Morning Post, there was "intense darkness from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m." "The Weather of 1889." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C. ===11 April 1889, Thursday=== According to the summary of the weather in the 1 January 1890 Morning Post, the "intense darkness" of the day before returned "for a short time next day" <cite>"The Weather of 1889." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C.</cite> ===12 April 1889, Friday=== Amy Levy and Elizabeth Pennell both attended what Pennell called a "converzazione" at the Fabian Society in the Bloomsbury Town Hall. Pennell says, "We went to the Converzazione of the Fabian Society in Bloomsbury Town Hall. A collection of cranks, native and foreign: young women in extraordinary costumes, one a perfect Burne-Jones, played the violin; young men with long hair and velvet coats. Most people were in evening dress so that a conspicuous figure was [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] in grey Jaeger get-up, flirting outrageously with all the girls in the room" (Linda Hunt Beckman, Amy Levy: Life and Letters, p. 179; posting on victoria@listserv.indiana.edu Linda Hunt Beckman <beckman@temple.edu>, 20 October 2003, "Re: conversaziones at Berkeley Galleries; mourning customs"). ===19 April 1889, Friday=== Good Friday. ===21 April 1889, Sunday=== Easter Sunday. ===28 April 1889, Sunday=== Jack Yeats <quote>attended the funeral of the Duchess of Cambridge, whose husband was Queen Victoria's uncle, and commander-in-chief of the British Army. She was a very popular woman; Jack described the event as 'more like a race meeting than a funeral'. Street touts sold 'memorium cards of the dear old Dutchie', and charged fourpence for standing room at the curbside. Griffin was with Jack</quote> (Bruce Arnold. Jack Yeats. p. 46) ==May 1889== Sometime in May 1889 the The Inner Order of the Golden Dawn met at the offices of The Sanitary Wood Wool Co. (Howe 85 31). Dinner planned in honor of James Whistler, with a long list of celebrities invited, including [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]], Equerry to the Queen, William Christian Symons, the recipient of a letter from Whistler's son, "Sir Coutts Lindsay (1824-1913), Bart., co-founder of the Grosvenor Gallery ..., and Edmond, Prince de Polignac (1834-1901), composer ...; diplomats, such as James Rennell Rodd (1858-1941), 1st Baron Rennell, poet and diplomat ...; lawyers, including Sir John Charles Sigismund Day (1826-1908), QC, collector ..., and Sir George Henry Lewis (1833-1911), society lawyer ...; and scientists, including Edwin Ray Lankester (1847-1929), Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy .... There are several men involved with drama and music, such as John Hollingshead (1827-1904), journalist and manager of the Gaiety Theatre ..., Richard D'Oyly Carte (1844-1901), impresario and property developer ..., and Pablo de Sarasate y Navascues (1844-1908), violinist ...; writers, such as Sheridan Ford (1860-1922), poet, critic, politician and writer on art ..., Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898), Symbolist writer and poet ..., and Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac (1855-1921), Symbolist writer and poet, and collector [more]. Art critics and editors include Theodore Child (1846-1892), journalist and art critic ..., Théodore Duret (1838-1927), art critic and collector ..., Henry Du Pré Labouchère (1831-1912), journalist and Liberal MP ...,William Michael Rossetti (1829-1919), civil servant and critic ..., and George Augustus Sala (1828-1895), artist, journalist and critic .... Nor surprisingly, there are many patrons and collectors, such as Alexander ('Aleco') Ionides (1840-1898), businessman ..., Alfred Chapman (1839-1917), engineer and collector ..., and Wickham Flower (b. ca 1836), solicitor and collector ...; some art dealers, such as Charles William Deschamps (1848-1908), art dealer ...; and, of course, many artists, including Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890), sculptor ..., Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (1834-1917), artist ..., John Lavery (1856-1941), painter ..., William Quiller Orchardson (1832-1910), genre and portrait painter ..., Théodore Roussel (1847-1926), painter and print-maker ..., Walter Richard Sickert (1860-1942), artist and writer on art ..., Francis ('Frank') Job Short (1857-1945), printer and print-maker ..., and John Singer Sargent (1856-1925), artist .... Finally, there are a few family members, such as Hon Charles Ernest Thynne (1849-1906), solicitor, husband of JW's niece Annie Haden ..., and William McNeill Whistler (1836-1900), physician, JW's brother ..." (http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/correspondence/people/display/?cid=5635&nameid=Collins_A&sr=0&surname=Collins&firstname=Arthur&rs=1#ms05635). ==June 1889== The last meeting of the Men and Women's Club was held in June 1889 (Bland 41). The "initial London performance of 'A Doll's House' was in June 1889 and was attended by Eleanor Marx, Clementina Black, and Amy Levy (Bernstein paragraph 12). Then Walter Besant wrote "The Doll's House -- And After." attacking Nora for the destruction of her family twenty years later. G. B. Shaw wrote another version in 1890, a sequel to the original as well, "Still After the Doll's House," attacking Besant's vision (Time [February 1890]: 197–208). Eleanor Marx and Israel Zangwill then wrote "A Doll's House Repaired," in which the door slamming is the one that locks Nora in (Time [March 1891]: 239–253). ===5 June 1889, Wednesday=== Derby Day at Epsom Downs. According to the ''Morning Post'', <quote>The Derby Day. / Lady George Hamilton's second evening party, at the Admiralty. / Lady Trevelyan's dance, instead of the 27th of May. / Lady Jane Lindsay's first dance. / The Hon. Mrs. Greville Vernon's dance.</quote> ("Arrangements for This Day." The Morning Post Wednesday, 5 June 1889: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6B). ===6 June 1889, Thursday=== According to the year-end summary of the weather in the 1 Janaury 1890 ''Morning Post'', there was a "grand display of lightning during the violent thunderstorm of June 6" <cite>"The Weather of 1889." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C.</cite> === 8 June 1889, Saturday === The Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours opened an exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"<blockquote>The members of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours, Piccadilly, W., through their president, Sir James D. Linton, and Mr. James Orrock, R.I., have made arrangements for a representative exhibition of the works of the "English Humourists in Art." The scope will be a wide one, from Hogarth, Rowlandson, etc., through the successive stages of humorous graphic art to its present development, as exemplified in the members of the artistic staff of ''Punch'' and contemporary pictorial humourists. The exhibition opens on the 8th of June, and is under distinguished patronage. The Queen will exhibit original drawings by Rowlandson, etc., from the royal collection; the Duchess of St. Albans, the [[Social Victorians/People/Westminster|Duke of Westminster]], the [[Social Victorians/People/Rosebery|Earl of Rosebery]], the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], the Hon. Michael Sandys, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Henry Irving|Henry Irving]], and other fortunate possessors of original treasures of the requisite kind will contribute to the collection. The leading features of the Exhibition will be the gathering of original works by Rowlandson, an assemblage of the original illustrations designed from the works of Charles Dickens, including the series by George Cruikshank, H. K. Browne (“ Phiz ”), John Leech, Fred Barnard, Charles Green, R.I., etc. A most important series of water-colour drawings by the last-named artist, illustrating episodes from Dickens on a more ambitious scale than has been previously attempted, will be contributed by Mr. William Lockwood, who commissioned Mr. Charles Green to undertake this ''tour de force''. Nearly all the original works in oils by Mr. Fred Barnard will be exhibited. Randolph Caldecott will also be well represented. There will likewise be numerous specimens of Messrs. John Tenniel, R.I., Charles Keene, George Du Maurier, R.W.S., Harry Furniss, Linley Sambourne, Gordon Thompson, Alfred Bryan, J. F. Sullivan; and others. Mr. Gilbert Dalziel is sending a selection from the best examples of the late W. G. Baxter.<ref>"An Exhibition of Humourists." ''St James's Gazette'' 22 May 1889, Wednesday: 8 [of 16], Col. 2a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18890522/041/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote> ===26 June 1889, Wednesday=== There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902. ==July 1889== ===27 July 1889, Saturday=== Wedding between Princess Louise of Wales and the Duke of Fife at Buckingham Palace (http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/25962/pages/4311/page.pdf). ==August 1889== ===6 August 1889, Tuesday=== "The Savoy Hotel on the Thames Embankment opened by a company, 6 August 1889; the directors included the earl of Lathom, Mr. R. D'Oyly Carte, and sir Arthur Sullivan" (Hayden's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages. Ed., Benjamin Vincent. 23rd Edition, Containing the History of the World to the End of 1903. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. Page 1105. Google Books, retrieved 23 February 2010.) ===26 August 1889, Monday=== Summer Bank Holiday. ===30 August 1889, Friday=== "The American house of Lippincott's, based in Philadelphia, had sent one of their men, J.M. Stoddart, over to England to search out some new talent. Lippincott's published a monthly magazine in both countries, and their policy was to include a complete story in each number. Stoddart called upon James Payn, editor of The Cornhill, and Payn recommended him to try Dr. Conan Doyle of Southsea. The result was the celebrated dinner for four at the Langham Hotel, Portland Place with Stoddart, Doyle, Oscar Wilde, and an Irish MP called Gill. ... Dr Doyle has left on record his impressions of Wilde" (Stavert 148). For Lippincott's Doyle wrote A Study in Scarlet, which has "a character patterned after Oscar Wilde, and the Langdon Hotel gets a mention" (Stavert 149). Stoddart was looking for novels Doyle's A Study in Scarlet was published in the February 1890 number, and Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray in the July 1890 one. ===30 August 1889, Friday=== W. A. Ayton and Anne Ayton were initiated into the Inner Order of the Golden Dawn (Gilbert 86 140). ==September 1889== ==October 1889== In October 1889, Jack the Ripper's signature and some vandalism in the form of drawings and commentary shows up in the guest book for the Lizard Hotel, Lizard Point, Cornwall (Cornwell 283). ===31 October 1889, Thursday=== Halloween. ==November 1889== ===5 November 1889, Tuesday=== Guy Fawkes Day ===13 November 1889, Wednesday=== According to the ''Morning Post'' (2 January 1890), there was a disturbance during a performance of ''The Gold Craze'' at the Royal Princess's Theatre: <quote>The Marquis de Leuville appeared yesterday at Marlborough-street Police-court, to answer a summons obtained by Mr. H. Cummings for inciting persons to create a riot at the Royal Princess's Theatre on November 13. Mr. Geoghegan stated the case for the complainant, and examined Thomas Vincent Kiely, who said that the Marquis had given him money to engage men to hiss and make a disturbance at the performance of "The Gold Craze" at the Princess's, in which the Baron de Fleurville was upposed by defendant to be [col. E/F] intended for himself. The hearing was adjourned.</quote><cite>"London, Thursday, January 2, 1890." The Morning Post, 2 January 1890 (No. 36,676): page 4 Cols. #-F.</cite> ==December 1889== ===7 December 1889, Saturday=== Gilbert and Sullivan's ''The Gondoliers, Or the King of Barataria'' opened at the Savoy. ===25 December 1889, Wednesday=== Christmas Day ===26 December 1889, Thursday=== Boxing Day "Mr. F. J. Horniman's museum at Forest-Hill was open to the public on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday in Christmas week, and about 4500 persons of all classes availed themselves of the privilege of inspecting the various objects of interest and the magnificent collection of natural history and art specimens." (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B) ===27 December 1889, Friday=== Horniman Museum open, second day (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B). ===28 December 1889, Saturday=== Horniman Museum open, third day (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B). ===31 December 1889, Tuesday=== Robert Browning's funeral in Westminster Abbey: Bret Harte attended (Axel Nissen, Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 216). <quote>The mortal remains of Robert Browning, the great poet, were yesterday laid among the relics of other famous bards and writers in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, with every appropriate demonstration of honour and regret for the departed. Among the attendant mourners were many of the great of the land and a host of others, whose reverence for the poet was shown by their demeanour.</quote><cite>The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): 4 Col. F.</cite> From later in the Morning Post: <quote>With manifestations of sincere respect and fond remembrance the remains of Robert Browning were yesterday consigned to an honoured resting place in Westminster Abbey. The funeral procession, which included 10 mourning carriages, left the house in De Vere-gardens, Kensington, soon after eleven o'clock, and reached Westminster Abbey just after the hour of noon had struck. Long before that time the choir and transepts reserved for mourners and friends were full, with the exception of a few seats under the Lantern set apart for the relatives and pall-bearers. The north transcept and a portion of the nave were crowded with the general public. Gloom and mist pervaded the Abbey, rendering the use of artificial light imperative. Tall tapers were burning upon the footpace before the undraped altar, and the seven-branched candelabra at the entrance of the sacrarium shed a flickering light within. In the uncertain light it was difficult to discern and identify the occupants of the choir and transepts, but now and again some well-known representative of art and letters could be recognised passing to his allotted seat. Just before noon the Dean, Canons Prothero, Duckworth, Westcott, and Fruse, Minor Canons Troutbeck and Cheadle, and the choir assembled at the western entrance of the nave in readiness to meet the body. Some 10 minutes afterwards the solemn and familiar strains of Croft and Purcell's music indicated that the Burial Service had commenced, and, with slow and measured steps the long procession passed up the nave into the choir, where choir and clergy took their places in the stalls. The coffin, covered with a violet-coloured pall, upon which were placed two floral wreaths and a cross of violets, was placed upon trestles in the open space under the Lantern where the lectern usually stands. The pall-bearers, ranged on either side, were the Hon. Hallam Tennyson, Dr. Butler, Sir Fitzjames Stephen, Sir Theodore Martin, Archdeacon Farrar, Professor Masson, Professor Jowett, Sir Frederick Leighton, Sir James Paget, Sir George Grove, Mr. G. M. Smith, and Professor Knight. [new paragraph] When the mourners had taken their places, the Burian Service proceeded in the usual manner, the 90th Psalm being chanted to Purcell's setting, while the Dean read the Lesson from his stall. The anthem or hymn which is usually interpolated between the two sections of the service was yesterday preceded by a "Meditation," in which some touching verses by Elizabeth Barrett Browning were set to equally touching music by Dr. Bridge. Rendered by the choir with excellent skill and reverent feeling, this interlude formed the most striking feature in the whole service. The anthem which followed was Wesley's, "All go to one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again." At its conclusion the procession reformed, and the coffin, preceded by clergy and choir, passed through the south transept to the familiar Poets' Corner, where, at the foot of Chaucer's tomb, the grave had been dug. On the wall above, suspended from Cowley's monument, was a noble wreath of laurel, bound by a broad ribbon of white silk bearing the name of the poet in golden lettering, the memorial tribute of the Municipality of Venice. The final prayers at the graveside were said by the Dean, and the service fitly closed with Dr. Watts's hymn, "O God, our help in ages past," to the time-honoured tune, "St. Anne," which was very generally taken up by the congregation. As the Dean was reading the touching prayer of committal, the rays of the winter sun glinted through the Te Deum window in the transept, shedding rainbow hues on wall and pillar, and partially dismissing the prevailing gloom. Then the strains of the Dead March pealed forth from the organ, clergy and choir retired, and friends pressed forward to take a farewell glance. [new paragraph] Among them were noticed the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Rosebery, Bishop Barry, the Dean of Windsor, Sir Arthur Sullivan, Sir Lyon Playfair, M.P., Captain Walter Campbell (representing the Queen), Mr. Stuart-Wortley, M.P., Mr. Mundella, M.P., Mr. Leonard Courtney, M.P., the Hon. and Rev. E. Carr Glyn, Dr. Martineau, Canon Benham, Mr. Alma Tadema, Mr. Lecky, Mr. Oscar Wilde, and Mr. Huxley (representing his father). The relatives and immediate friends were Mr. and Mrs. R. Browning, Mr. Octavius Moulton Barrett, Mr. George Moulton Barrett, Captain Charles Moulton Barrett, Mr. Henry Moulton Barrett, M. Dourlane, Miss Christine Browning, Captain Altham, Rev. Mr. Altham, Sir James Carmichael, and Miss Carmichael. Wreaths of exquisite beauty and in almost countless numbers were sent from friends far and near, and many of them bore touching inscriptions, as for instance, that of Sir F. Leighton, "In remembrance of 36 years' friendship." Among others may be mentioned Lord Tennyson, Earl and Countess Brownlow, Lord Vernon, Lord and Lady Edmond Fitzmaurice, Lady Lindsay, Lady Martin, Sir Henry Thompson, Sir John Millais, Miss Cobbe, Mrs. Jeune, Mr. and Mrs. Alma Tadema, Mr. and Mrs. Whistler, Mr. and Mrs. Cyril Flower, Mr. Henry Irving, Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, and the Browning Society. The coffin, made in Venice, was of yellow pine, designed somewhat in the modern casket form, and bore the simple inscription, "Robert Browning, born May 7, 1812, died December 12, 1889."</quote><cite>"Funeral of Robert Browning." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 5, Col. F.</cite> <quote>At the Royal Institution, Albemarle-street, yesterday afternoon, Professor Rücker delivered the second of his course of six simplified lectures on electricity. The theatre was again well filled. Before taking up the threads of his subject at the point where they were broken off last Saturday, the lecturer briefly recapitulated the remarks made on that occasion relative to the subject of the "lines of force."</quote> The rest of the report describes the experiment used to demonstrate the answers to particular questions about electricity. The report ends with this sentence: "The third lecture takes place to-morrow," i.e., 1 January 1890. <cite>"Lectures on Electricity." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C.</cite> ==Works Cited== *Bernstein, Susan David. "Radical Readers at the British Museum: Eleanor Marx, Clementina Black, Amy Levy." Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies 3.2 (Summer 2007): http://ncgsjournal.com/issue32/bernstein.htm. *(Hayden's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages. Ed., Benjamin Vincent. 23rd Edition, Containing the History of the World to the End of 1903. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. Page 1105. Google Books, retrieved 23 February 2010.) cd5o2w78hzrwgi8tahxbb1pirotrnly 0 264283 2691996 2691883 2024-12-14T23:35:07Z Scogdill 1331941 /* November 1896 */ 2691996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s | 1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890 | 1890]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891 | 1891]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892 | 1892]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893 | 1893]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894 | 1894]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895 | 1895]] 1896 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897 | 1897]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898 | 1898]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899 | 1899]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s|1900s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]] ==Sometime in 1896== Sometime in the first quarter of 1896 [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|William Butler Yeats]] moved to No. 18 Woburn Buildings, London, possibly January, but for sure by March (Harper 80 76, n. 12, 3-4) ==January 1896== ===1 January 1896, Wednesday, New Year's Day=== ===13 January 1896, Monday=== On the 24th ''The Literary World'' reports the following: "The Memorial Institute to Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was opened at Ledbury last week by Mr. Rider Haggard. The institute is a charming building in the half-timbered perpendicular style of architecture, and it occupies one of the most commanding positions in the town. It is bult of Lebury limestone and Etonfield sandstone, with oak timbering, with a clock-tower at the corner. The total cost was £2,330, and it is satisfactory to know that the whole of that sum was obtained from more than 1,000 subscribers, with the exception of about £300. Already several important gifts have been made to the library, including a complete set of the works of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, presented by Mr. George Malton Barrett, the brother of the poetess; and about one hundred volumes of books, presented by Dr. Furnival, the late president of the Browning Society. Mr. Haggard, who spoke for a considerable time to an appreciative concourse, sketched the life of the poetess in enthusiastic terms, and paid a generous tribute to the memory of 'the greatest poetess the English-speaking people have yet produced.'" "Table Talk," The Literary World, 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 77, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===18 January 1896, Saturday=== On the 24th ''The Literary World'' reports the following: "A pleasant gathering took place in Edinburgh on Saturday last to do honour to Mr. Andrew Stewart, who for a quarter of a century has been connected with The People's Friend. Mr. Stewart began his career on The Friend as sub-editor, under Mr. David Pae, and among his contributors had such men as the late George Gilfillan and Professor Blackie. Such novelists as Annie S. Swan and Adeline Sergeant have written much of their best work for The Friend, and through its pages their stories were read weekly in a quarter of a million homes. Mr. W. C. Leng, one of the proprietors, took the chair, in the absence of Sir John Leng, who is abroad, and speeches were delivered by Mr. Anderson, Mr. Robert Ford, Mr. J. C. Hadden, Mrs. Lawson, Miss A. S. Falconer, and others." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 77, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===22 January 1896, Wednesday=== On the 24th ''The Literary World'' reports the following (but really it occurred on the 15th?): "A meeting of the Society of Public Librarians was held at the Whitechapel Public Library on Wednesday evenng last. (Mr. Frowde in the chair), when two excellent papers were delivered -- 'Subject Index to English Literature,' by Mr. Bagguley, and 'Lady Assistants in Public Libraries," by Mr. Snowsill. The whole of the members present were practically, if ungallantly, strongly opposed to the introduction of females as attendants in public libraries." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 78, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===24 January 1896, Friday=== The 31 January 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The recently-formed Publishers' Associaton had a meeting of its members on Friday last, most of the leading publishers attending. No defnite appointments were made, but it is pretty generally understood that the office of President lies between Mr. Charles Longman and Mr. John Murray." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 31 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 103, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===27 January 1896, Monday=== Authors' Society meeting, talk by Mr. Hall Caine on international copyright. "Table Talk," The Literary World, 31 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 101, col. 3. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ==February 1896== Lecture at the Westminster Town Hall reported by ''The Literary World'' on 14 February 1896: "'The transmission of personality is the creed of literature as it is of religion,' said Mr. Birrell in the course of a lecture on Dr. Johnson, at Westminster Town Hall, and the ober dictum is worthy of all acceptation. Mr. Asquith presided, and the audience including 'all the talents,' Lord Roseberry, Mr. Arthur Balfour, Mr. Thomas Hardy, Mr. Henry James, and Mr. Herbert Paul occupying chairs in the front row. / Mr. Asquith uttered the usual orthodoxies concerning the author 'who lived so little by his writings and so much by his personality.' That is a view which we confess we do not share. ..." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 149, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) The annual meeting of the Authors' Society, reported on in the 21 February 1896 ''Literary World'': "The annual meeting of the Authors' Society passed off pleasantly, in spite of the minatory motion that stood in the name of Mr. W. H. Wilkins regarding the unfortunate 'Address' to the authors of America, a motion that was gracefully withdrawn in view of the committee's resoluton that the 'Address' had no official character. We congratulate the Society on the access of 14 new members during the year and on the evidence of practical work afforded by the fact that two-thirds of the members had applied for advice and assistance, to say nothing of the MSS. submitted for the same purpose. The printed report, of which a copy has reached us, is full of exceedingly sound advice, of especial value to young or inexperienced authors." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 172, col. 3. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===3 February 1896, Monday=== Sometime this week, probably, was a meeting of the Society of Public Librarians, reported on in the 14 February 1896 ''Literary World'': "A meeting of the Society of Public Librarians was held at the Canning Town branch of the West Ham Public Libraries last week, when Mr. Foskett, of the Camberwell Public Libraries, delivered 'A Contribution to Occult Literature,' and Mr. Whitwell, of West Ham, read a paper entitled, 'Some Critical Remarks on the Works of Thomas Love Peacock.' Both papers were very well received, and gave rise to interesting discussions." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 150, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===5 February 1896, Wednesday=== Dinner: [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|G. B. Shaw]], Richard Burton Haldane, [[Social Victorians/People/Asquith|H. H. Asquith]], [[Social Victorians/People/Balfour|Arthur Balfour]] (Gibbs 124). ===22 February 1896, Saturday=== According to the 28 February 1896 ''Literary World'', "On Saturday last, at Hampstead, the ceremony was witnessed of unveiling the memorial tablet in the house in John-street in which John Keats resided. It was expected that Sir Walter Besant would take part n the ceremony; gout, unhappily, prevented his doing so, but he sent a letter in his place, which was read in due course. Sir Charles Dilke, Mr. S. Colvin, Mr. Edmund Gosse, Dr. Robertson Nicol, and Prof Hall Griffin were among those present. The proceedings were simple in the extreme. Prof. Griffin, in a brief speech, dwelt on the historical nature of the surroundings from a literary point of view and the ceremony terminated, leaving Lawn-Bank, John-street, with the addition of a tablet bearing the following inscription: Erected by the Society of Arts. / JOHN KEATS, / Poet, / Lived in this House. / B. 1795. / D. 1821." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 28 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 196, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ==March 1896== Sometime in March 1896, the Inner Order of the Golden Dawn moved its headquarters to 62 Oakley Square, where it stayed until September 1897 (Howe 126). Sometime in the first quarter of 1896 W. B. Yeats moved to No. 18 Woburn Buildings, London, possibly January, but for sure by March (Harper 80 76, n. 12, 3-4) ===5 March 1896, Thursday=== "The wedding of Miss Lily Caine, sister of the novelist, with Mr. George Day will take place on March 5 at St. George's, Hanover-square." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 28 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 196, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===7 March 1896, Saturday=== Gilbert and Sullivan's ''The Grand Duke, Or the Statutory Duel'' opens at the Savoy. === 11 March 1896, Wednesday === Queen's Drawing Room hosted by Alexandra, Princess of Wales, as reported in the London Evening ''Standard'' on Thursday, 12 March 1896. The long list of names is rendered as an ordered or numbered list here to save space and make referring to people easier; the original newspaper story puts each one on a new line as a new paragraph.<blockquote>THE DRAWING ROOM. The Princess of Wales held the first Drawing Room of the season at Buckingham Palace yesterday afternoon, on behalf of the Queen. Carriages conveying ''débutantes'' commenced to arrive shortly after noon, and by one o'clock the line of vehicles reached right away to Marlborough-yard. The weather was mild though somewhat gloomy, and a large crowd collected in the Mall. Tho number of presentations was about the same as usual; but, from an outsider's point of view, there was an unusual absence of colour. The Princess of Wales was accompanied by the Princesses Victoria and Maud and Prince Charles of Denmark, and the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Alexandra, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, and the Duke and Duchess of York, were present. Escorted by a troop of Life Guards, the State carriage, conveying the Princess of Wales, her two daughters, and Prince Charles of Denmark, arrived at Buckingham Palace from Marlborough House almost precisely at three o'clock. The National Anthem was played as their Royal Highnesses passed into the Palace, and there was general uncovering and cheering among the crowd in front of the Palace gates. The Princess was received by the Officers of State, and conducted to the Throne Room, when the presentations commenced. The Drawing Room was to a large extent a mourning function as regards dress. All the Royal personages were in black, even the two brides-elect, Princess Maud of Wales and Princess Alexandra of Coburg. The Princesses Victoria and Maud of Wales were dressed alike in black satin, prettily arranged with hart's-tongue fern leaves of lisse outlined in jet on the bodices and skirt foot, and rich black satin ribbon at the waist. The material chosen by the Duchess of Coburg was rich black moiré, and the Princess Alexandra's black satin gown was veiled in gauze brocaded in a small floral design. The Duchess of York was dressed in black silk of English manufacture. The Duchess of Buccleuch, like all the other ladies belonging to the Royal Households, wore black plumes and veil. Her gown was of richest poult de soie, trimmed on the corsage with folds of crape and jet ornaments. The Duchess of Buccleuch presented her niece, Lady Victoria Kerr, daughter of the Marquess of Lothian and goddaughter of the Queen, who wore a charming white satin gown, the bodice veiled in lisse held with bands of silver embroidery. The neck was softened by a drapery of lisse, on which was laid, with very natural effect, a spray of apple-blossom. From the silver waistband fell a scarf of silvered lisse to the bottom of the skirt, fastened there by a bunch of apple-blossoms. The train of striped white brocade was bordered with lisse, knotted at intervals with clusters of apple-blossom. Lady Helen Kerr was also in white satin, with an exceedingly pretty corsage arranged with mousseline de soie, and graceful trails of mauve and white convolvuli. There were folds of mousseline de soie carried down the front of the skirt, widening towards the foot, and enframed by the convolvuli. The pale mauve brocade train had a lace-like pattern in cream silk, and was bordered with the flowers and mousseline de soie. Lady Tweedmouth's black velvet toilet was ornamented with fine jet on the corsage, and had full tulle sleeves. The train was fastened to the shoulder by a large knot and lined with a new material, moiré mouillée. Lady Howard Vincent chose a chène silk gown with design of roses and violets, trimmed on the bodice with a fringe of violets, and shoulder-straps of roses. There was a softening of pink lisse about the neck, and the heliotrope and white train came from under the arms, and was fastened with a coquille bow at the back. Susan, Countess of Malmesbury — presented on her marriage — wore a gown of pearl grey satin, draped with exquisite old needlepoint lace, forming a fichu on the bodice. The train was of black brocade. Lady Eva Cotterell — also presented on her marriage — wore white satin, embroidered in silver, and trimmed on the train with lovely lace and knots of silver ribbon. Lady Emma Crichton was in black satin, embroidered in sapphires and silver swallows, and draped with creamy lace. The black velvet train was lined with white satin. Lady Codrington's heliotrope satin gown was made with pointed Court bodice and stomacher of fine embroidery wrought in gilt thread, and pale rubies and diamonds. The shoulder-pieces, of wine-toned velvet, were ornamented to match, and a large poppy, with diamond heart, was fastened at the side. The train was of velvet. Miss James, niece of Lord James of Hereford, wore a black satin gown, richly worked on overskirt and bodice with jet and brilliants in design of knots and floral sprays. The black velvet train was lined with white satin. Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox was in black and satin, the train being trimmed with tulle ruches, wide at the hem and narrowing towards the waist. The bodice was softened by folds of tulle caught with diamonds, and a long chain of pearls passed over one shoulder and encircled the figure. Lady Feo Start chose a gown of pinkish mauve satin, embroidered half way down the front seams with bunches of wheat, the leaves and stems being wrought in fine silver and the wheat ears in diamonds. At the foot a larger cluster appeared gracefully tapering to the side. The corsage was embroidered to match, and filled in round the neck by silver tulle, and the embroidered sleeves fell off the arm, held by shoulder-straps of silver. The train was in the same shade of velvet, with bold groups of the wheat at each corner, and diminishing to a point midway up the sides. This train was lined with white satin, and fastened to each shoulder by splendid diamond ornaments. The Countess of Lathom's black satin dress was ornamented with fine jet embroidery, and worn with a black brocade train draped with Chantilly lace. Lady Bertha Wilbraham accompanied her mother, wearing a satin dress in a delicate shade of French grey, very prettily trimmed with chiffon, old lace, and clusters of lilies of the valley. The Countess of Clanwilliam had a rich black broché train with a black satin gown richly pailletted. Lady Elizabeth Meade's white satin gown had a very smart bodice arranged with kilted chiffon forming scollop-shaped frills on the shoulders, and groups of Eucharist lilies were fastened at the bust and waist. Lady Beatrice Meade was in white moiré deftly arranged with lisse, embroidered lace, and white narcissi, which also trimmed the white satin train. Viscountess Cross was attired in a black moiré bengaline satin, bordered with Brussels Point caught with fine jet ornaments, and a black satin gown. The Hon. Mary Cross wore black satin, relieved by a vest and sleeves of silver embroidered white satin and a pearl grey satin train. The ivory satin gown selected by the Hon. Margaret Cross was embroidered in a charming design executed in silver, gold, and steel, and had billowy chiffon sleeves, and a train of striped white satin. Lady Arthur Hill was in black satin, draped with costly old lace, and wore pearl and diamond ornaments. Lady Arthur presented Miss Nina Hill in a sweetly pretty white satin toilet, veiled in Brussels net. The corsage was finished by an ostrich feather ruche in front, and frills of net round the shoulders and back. The train fell from both shoulders, like white wings, showing the figure between. Lady Aline Wentworth Beaumont wore white satin, the corsage softened with chiffon, and the waist encircled by a deep silver band. The handsome train was of gold and cream brocade, with a design of shaded tulips, and was turned back at the corner with bunches of tulips. The Countess of Lytton's black peau de chine dress was trimmed up the side with bows of satin ribbon, and worn with a brocade train. The bodice was arranged with jetted lace. Lady O'Conor wore a black velvet gown, the bodice draped across rich jet embroidery and finished by jet butterflies and roses on the shoulders. The train was of black satin. The Lady Mayoress of London was beautifully dressed in ivory satin, embroidered in frosted silver, forming a festooned floral design round the skirt foot. There were touches of turquoise blue velvet on the corsage, matching the train, which was lined with primrose satin, and ornamented with bunches of large white ostrich plumes. Lady Wilkin presented her daughter in a charming ''débutante's'' gown of white satin under net. From each side of the waist fell clusters of lilies of the valley and mimosa, stray blossoms of the flowers being scattered in a shower to the skirt foot. The train was trimmed with silver cord and bunches of flowers. Mrs. H. M. Stanley was becomingly attired in grey satin, embroidered in steel paillettes, forming irregular lines about the hips. The bodice was trimmed with grey chiffon and steel embroidered guipure, and the train was of grey and gold brocade. Lady Mary Lygon, in attendance upon the Duchess of York, had a black velvet train, and a black satin gown trimmed with chiffon and jet. Viscountess Chelsea's white satin dress was very beautifully embroidered in diamonds. Lady Playfair was in black satin. The Dowager Lady Westbury wore a black and white brocade [Col. 2/3] gown, trimmed with rare old Spanish lace, and a black velvet train. Viscountess Trafalgar's becoming toilet was carried out in delicate tones of green and pink. Viscountess Dalrymple wore a superb white brocade gown. Lady Rivers Wilson was presented, on her marriage, wearing an oyster-toned satin gown, made in Louis XV. period, with long corsage, trimmed with rare Point de Gaze, caught up with bouquets of white poppies enveloped in tulle. The train of silver tissue formed a Venetian mantle falling under a hood of the lace, and was lined with mauve satin, matching a large straggling branch of orchids which were laid on at the side. Lady Mount-Stephen wore a gown of rich black brocade, with a large design of roses and little trailing blossoms. The bodice was filled in, back and front, with cream satin under filmy lace, and was embroidered in jet. The sleeves were of white chiffon and lace, and the train of rich black velvet. Viscountess Knutsford's black brocade gown was enriched with fine jet embroidery, and her black satin train was trimmed with lace and jet. By command of the Queen, a Drawing Room was held yesterday afternoon, at Buckingham Palace, by her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, on behalf of her Majesty. Presentations to her Royal Highness at this Court are, by the Queen's pleasure, considered as equivalent to presentations to her Majesty. Their Royal Highnesses the Princess of Wales, Princess Victoria, and Princess Maud of Wales, accompanied by his Royal Highness Prince Charles of Denmark, attended by Lady Suffield (Lady in Waiting), Miss Knollys (Bedchamber Woman in Waiting), Lord Colville of Culross, K.T. (Chamberlain to the Princess of Wales), General Sir D. M. Probyn (Comptroller and Treasurer to the Prince of Wales), Sir Francis Knollys (Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales), and Major General Stanley Clarke (Private Secretary to the Princess of Wales), escorted by a detachment of the Ist Life Guards, arrived at the garden entrance of the Palace from Marlborough House. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, arrived from Clarence House, attended by Miss Colville and Captain the Hon. D. Monson. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Strathearne, attended by Lady Elphinstone and Colonel Alfred Egerton, were present at the Drawing Room. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York arrived from York House, attended by Lady Mary Lygon, Major General Sir F. De Winton, and Sir Charles Cust. His Royal Highness Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein and his Highness Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein arrived from Cumberland Lodge, attended by the Hon. C. Eliot. His Highness the Duke of Teck was present at the Drawing Room. Her Majesty's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms was on duty in the State Saloons, under the command of Lord Belper (the Captain). The Royal Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard were on duty in the interior of the Palace, under the command of Lieut. Colonel H. P. Vance, the Lieutenant (in the unavoidable absence of the Captain, the Eari of Limerick). A Guard of Honour of the 1st Battalion of Grenadier Guards, with the Band of the Regiment, was mounted in the Quadrangle of the Palace, and a Guard of Honour of the Ist Life Guards, with their Band, was stationed in the Courtyard of the Palace; and the Park party was furnished by the Royal Horse Guards. The Princess of Wales, accompanied by the other members ol the Royal family, entered the Throne Room at three o'clock, and the Princess of Wales took her station in front of the Throne. Her Royai Highness the Princess of Wales wore a gown of black silk embroidered in jet, corsage and train to correspond. Headdress — Tiara of diamonds, black feathers, and veil. Ornaments — Pearls and diamonds. Orders — Victoria and Albert, Crown of India, St. Catherine of Russia, St. John of Jerusalem, the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and the Danish Family and Golden Wedding Orders. Their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Victoria and Maud of Wales wore gowns of black satin, corsages embroidered with jet applique in the shape of leaves, sleeves of vandyke chiffon with straps of fine jet, the same kind of jet forming the waistbelt; trains of black satin to correspond. Ornaments — Pearls and diamonds. Orders — Victoria and Albert, Crown of India, Danish Golden Wedding, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Jubilee Commemoration Medal. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York wore a dress of rich black English watered silk, embroidered and trimmed with jet and feathers; corsage and train to correspond. Headdress — Tiara, feathers, and veil. Ornaments — Pearls and diamonds. Orders — Victoria aud Albert, Crown of India, St. John of Jerusalem, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Jubilee Commemoration Medal. The Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers having been introduced in the order of precedence, the following presentations were made in the Diplomatic Circle: — By Countess Deym, Princess Alex Thurn Taxis (''née'' Princess Hohenlohe), Countess Clary Aidringen (''née'' Countess Kinsky), Madame Geoffray, and Mdlle. Demidoff. By Mrs. Bayard, Mrs. William Sheffield Cowles. By Madame de Bille, Madame de Salis. By the Marchioness of Salisbury, Madame Kato and Countess Lewenhaupt. The following presentations to the Princess of Wales, on behalf of the Queen, were made, the names having been previously left at the Lord Chamberlain's office, and submitted for her Majesty's approval: — [The long list of names is rendered as an ordered or numbered list here to save space and make referring to people easier; the original newspaper story puts each one on a new line as a new paragraph.] # Arnold, Lady, by Lady Suffield. # Adair, Mrs. Charles H., by Lady Salmon. # Anstruther, Miss Rosamond, by the Hon. Mrs. Anstruther. # Ardagh, Lady (Dowager Countess of Malmesbury), by Viscountess Knutsford. # Bedford, Lady, by Mrs. Goschen. # Bainbridge, Miss Gwendolen, by her mother, Mrs. Hugh Bainbridge. # Bell, of Scatwell, Lady, by the Hon. Mrs. Rennel [?] # Bannerman, Miss, by the Countess of Ellesmere. # Birney, Miss Kerrow, by Lady Hart. # Bellew, the Hon. Mrs. Richard, on her marriage, by the Lady Bellew. # Bums, Mrs. James C., by the Lady Gertrude Cochrane. # Butler, Miss Blanche, by her mother, Hon. Mrs. Robert Butler. # Baylis, Mrs. Philip, by Mrs. Wharton Hood. # Brown, Miss Hargreaves, by her mother, Mrs. A. Hargreaves Brown. # Boodle, Miss Marion Florence, by her mother, Mrs. H. Trelawny Boodle. # Baker, Miss Katharine, by her mother, Mrs. George Barrington Baker. # Buxton, Mrs. Edward, on her marriage, by her mother, Mrs. Gurney. # Brabazon, Lady Mary, by the Countess of Lathom. # Buxton, Miss Hilda, by her mother, Hon. Mrs. Francis Buxton. # Beilew, The Lady, by the Lady Alexandrina Beaumont. # Boulton, Mrs. Oscar, by Mrs. S. B. Boulton. # Barclay, Mrs. George, by the Hon. Mrs. Francis Buxton. # Bostock, Mrs. Ashton, by Lady Russell Reynolds. # Bairstow, Mrs. Walter, by Mrs. Ingilby. # Bucknall, Mrs. Sydney, by her mother, Lady Sidgreaves. # Bevan, Miss Mary Pauline, by her mother, Mrs. Thomas Bevan. # Bruce, The Hon. Mary, by Lady Balfour of Burleigh. # Brassey, Lady Violet, by Lady Evelyn Cotterell. # Bankes, Mrs. Ralph Vincent, on her marriage, by Mrs. Mount. # Beach, Miss Susan Hicks, by her mother, Lady Lucy Hicks Beach. # Cotterell. Lady Evelyn, by Hon. Lady Cotterell. # Curtis, Miss (of the United States), by Mrs. Bayard. # Curtis, Miss Clara (of the United States), by Mrs. Bayard. # Campbell, Mrs. Alexander, by the Hon. Mrs. Townley Mitford. # Cooper. Mrs. J. R., by the Hon. Lady Ridley. # Clay, Miss Sybil, by her mother, Mrs. Walter Holbech. # Craven, Miss, by Lady King. # Cockerell, Miss Patience, by her mother, Mrs. William Cockerell. # Cunningham, the Hon. Lady, by Lady George Hamilton. # Cooper, Mrs. Harry, by Lady Comrnerell. # Craig, Miss Gibson, by Lady Gibson Craig. # Craig, Miss Alice Gibson, by Lady Gibson Craig. # Crossley, Miss, by the Hon. Mrs. Montagu Forbes. # Cole, Lady Florence, by Countess of Enniskillen. # Chaplin, Miss Bertha, by her mother, Mrs. Cecil Chaplin. # Colomb, Miss Gwenda, by her mother, Lady Colomb. # Clifford, Miss Alice, by Lady Pollock. # Callaghan, Mrs. George, by the Hon. Lady Fremantle. # Callaghan, Miss Dorothy, by Mrs. George Callaghan. # Coddington, Lady, by Viscount Cranborne. # Clarkson, Miss, by Mrs. Laurenco Edye. # Crossman, Mrs. Douglas, by Lady Grant Duff. # Da Costa, Mrs. Oscar, on her marriage, by Mrs. Bertram Ward. # De la Rue, Miss Sybil, by Mrs. T. Andros de la Rue. # Dale, Mrs., by Lady Dale. # Dale, Lady, by the Marchioness of Ripon. # Dawnay, Miss Helen, by her mother, Lady Adelaide Dawnay. # Digby, Miss Lettice, by her mother, the Hon Mrs. Kenelm Digby. # Dalgety, Miss Gladys, by her sister, Viscountess Trafalgar. # Dunphie, Mrs. Alfred, on her marriage, by Mrs. Anderson Critchett. # Douglass, the Hon. Mrs., on her marriage, by the Hon. Mrs. Paton. # Dalison, Miss Joan, by her mother, Mrs. Maximilian Dalison. # Dunlop, Mrs. William H., by Mrs. Frank Addison Brace # Evans, Miss Gwladys, by Lady Evans. # Edge, Miss Kathleen, by Lady Barnes. # Egerton, Lady Katharine, by her mother, the Countess of Ellesmere. # Earle, Miss Caroline, by Lady Earle. # Earle, Miss Evelyn, by Lady Earle. # Eustace, Miss Adelaide, by her mother, Lady Katharine Eustace. # Eustace, Miss Violet, by her mother, Lady Katharine Eustace. # Frere, Mrs. Arthur, on her marriage, by the Countess of Lathom. # Fremantle, Honble. Lady, by Mrs. Goschen. # Foley, Lady Mary, on her marriage, by Lady Feodorowna Sturt. # Fletcher, Mrs. H. Morley, by the Hon. Mrs. Walter R. D. Forbes. # Fenwick, Miss Elfreda Gabriel, by her mother, Mrs. Fenwick Fenwick. # Forwood, Lady, by the Marchioness of Salisbury. # Forwood, Miss Ida, by her mother, Lady Forwood. # Fielden, Miss Lorna, by her mother, Mrs. Thomas Fielden. # Fowler, Miss, by Mrs. Forrest. # Finlay, Lady, by the Marchioness of Salisbury. # Fortescue, Hon. Mrs. Lionel, on her marriage, by Lady Lucy Hicks Beach. # Floyd, Mrs. Henry, by the Countess of Clanwilliam. # Fordham, Mrs. R. Oswald (Lady O'Malley), on her marriage, by Lady Flower. # Fowler, Miss Anna, by Mrs. Christie-Miller. # Fielden, Miss Gertrude, by her sister-in-law, Mrs. Thos. Fielden. # Firebrace, Mrs. Frederick, on her marriage, by the Lady Reay. # Finch, Miss Essex, by Mrs. Finch. # Gillford, the Lady, by the Countess of Clanwilliam. # Greenly, Miss Lucy, by Lady Florence King King. # Gambier, Miss Gore, by Mrs. Murdoch. # Horsfall. Miss Eva, by Lady Charles Scott. # Heygate, Lady, by the Countess Waldegrave. # Hill, Miss, by her mother, Lady Arthur Hill. # Hutchinson, Mrs. Edward, by Lady Dale. # Howard, Miss Gertrude, by her mother, Mrs. John Howard. # Hogg, Miss Ethel, by her aunt, Mrs. Horner. # Hall, Mrs. Thomas, by Mrs. Chamberlain. # Hely-Hutchinson, Lady Evelyn, by Countess of Donoughmore. # Hutton, Mrs. Stamford, on her marriage, by her mother, Mrs. Fenwick Fenwick. # Hanbury, Mrs. Everard, by her mother, Mrs. Murdoch. # Herbert, Miss Gwladys, by Mrs. Edmund M'Clure. # Hoskyns, Mrs. [P?]aget, by the Dowager Lady Westbury. # Hawke, Hon. Catharine I., by the Lady Hawke. # Jowers, Miss Ethel, by Lady George Campbell. # Jenkins, Mrs. Lawrence, by Lady George Hamilton. # Jervis. Hon. Mrs. Bonald, by Lady Harris. [Col. 3/4] # Kennard, Miss Winifred Hegan, by her mother, Mrs. Hegan Kennard. #Knutsford, the Viscountess, by the Marchioness of Salisbury. #King, Miss Alice King, by her mother, Lady Florence King King. #Kemble, Miss Dorothea, by her mother, Mrs. Horace Kemble. #Kerr, Lady Victoria, by her aunt, the Duchess of Buccleuch. #Low, Miss Olive, by Lady Low. #Low, Lady, by the Lady Ida Low. #Low, Miss Helen, by Lady Low. #Loch, Lady, by the Marchioness of Ripon. #Leverson, Mrs. George B. C., on her marriage, by the Hon. Mrs. Mostyn. #Mount, Miss Evelyn, by her mother, Mrs. Mount. #Morris, Miss Lilian, by Mrs. Malcolm Morris. #Mackay, Mrs. Alexander Dunlop, by her mother, Hon. Mrs. Townley Mitford. #Maunsell, Mrs. Mark, by the Countess of Lauderdale. #Mitford, Miss Constance, by her mother, Mrs. Robert Sidney Mitford. #MacLeod, Miss Flora, by her aunt, the Hon. Lady Northcote. #The Lady Mayoress, by the Marchioness of Salisbury. #Maitland, Lady Nora, by the Countess of Lauderdale. #Micklethwaite, Mrs., on her marriage, by the Hon. Mrs. Baillie of Dochfour. #Mackenzie, Mrs. G. Mackay, on her marriage, by Lady Charley. #Maguire, Hon. Mrs., by her aunt, Lady Peel. #McDonald, Mrs. Archibald, by Mrs. Edmund McClure. #Marshall, Miss, by Mrs. Victor Marshall. #Markham, Miss June, by Mrs. Edwin Markham #Morris, Mrs. Malcolm, by the Countess of Lytton. #Noel, Miss Charlotte, by her mother, Mrs. Gerard Noel. #[[Social Victorians/People/Oppenheim|Oppenheim]], Miss Linda, by Mrs. Henry [[Social Victorians/People/Oppenheim|Oppenheim]]. #Pery, The Lady Florence, by her mother, the Countess of Limerick. #Paynter, Mrs. Hugh, by Viscountess Cross. #Peckover, Miss Alexandrina, by the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Brand. #Pound, Mrs. John, by the Hon. Lady Ridley. #Palmer, Mrs. Norman Craig, by the Hon. Mrs. Hanbury Lennox. #Phillips, Miss Faudel, by Mrs. Faudel Phillips. #Phillips, Miss Norah Faudel, by Mrs. Faudel Phillips. #Playfair, Miss, by the Hon. Mrs. Playfair. #Parr, Miss Katharine, by Mrs. Charlton Parr. #Pakington, the Hon. Mary, by her mother, Lady Hampton. #Page, Mrs. Ernest, by Mrs. William Court Gully. #Pilcher, Miss Margaret, by Mrs. Henry Drayson Pilcher. #Ritchie, Mrs. (of the United States), by Mrs. Bayard. #Reid, Lady, by Lady Harcourt. #Riddel, Mrs. D. McN., on her marriage, by Lady M'Clintock. #Royds, Miss Kathleen, by Mrs. Clement Molyneux Royds. #Reynardson, Miss Alice Birch, by her mother, Mrs. Birch Reynardson. #Ravenhill, Mrs. Frederick, by Mrs. Richard B. Martin. #Russell, Miss Edith, by Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain. #Stern, Miss Violet, by her mother, Mrs. James Stern. #Savile, Miss Beatrice Mary, by the Viscountess Pollington. #Scott, the Lady Constance, by the Duchess of Buccleuch. #Sterling, Miss Margaret, by her mother, Mrs. Sterling. #[[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Schrelber]], Miss, by her mother, Mrs. Ernest [[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Schrelber]]. #[[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Schrelber]], Miss Evelyn, by her mother, Mrs. Ernest [[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Schrelber]]. #Smith, Mrs. Alwyn Dudley, by Mrs. Dudley Smith. #Townsend, Mrs. George, by the Lady Rayleigh. #Tarbutt, Miss Dorothy Percy, by Mrs. Percy Tarbutt. #Thornycroft, Mrs., by Mrs. Gerard Noel. #Thornycroft, Miss Ruth, by her mother, Mrs. Thornycroft. #Tennant, Mrs. Coombe, on her marriage, by Mrs. Henry Morton Stanley. #Tufton, the Hon. Rosamond, by her mother, Lady Hothfield. #Tritton, Mrs. Joseph Herbert, by the Viscountess Torrington. #Tritton, Miss Elizabeth Mary, by her mother, Mrs. Joseph Herbert Tritton. #Tritton, Mrs. Herbert Leslie Melville, by her mother-in-law, Mrs. Joseph Herbert Tritton. #Troughton, Miss Lilian Adeline, by Mrs. Gubbins. #Vincent, Lady, by the Hon. Lady Ridley. #Vandeleur, Miss Evelyn Norah, by her mother, Mrs. Vandeleur. #Verney, Hon. Mrs., by Mrs. Oswald. #Wright, Miss, by Mrs. George Townsend. #Wright, Miss Ettie, by Mrs. George Townsend. #Wilkin, Miss, by her mother, the Lady Mayoress. #Worcester, the Marchioness of, on her marriage, by the Duchess of Abercorn. #Whiteley, Mrs. George, by Mrs. Robert Yerburgh. #Warrington, Mrs. Thomas Rolls, by Mrs. Matthew Ingle Joyoe. #Walker, Mrs. Frowd, on her marriage, by Mrs. Chamberlain. #Wyld, Miss Beatrice, by her mother, Mrs. Wyndham Bewes. #Wyld, Miss Violet, by her mother, Mrs. Wyndham Bewes. #Wilson, the Hon. Lady Rivers, on her marriage, by the Hon. Mrs. Mostyn. #Wood, Mrs. Henry James Theodore, by Lady Powell. #Worrall, Miss Katharine, by her mother, Mrs. James Worrall. #Walsh, Mrs. William Hussey, on her marriage, by her mother-in-law, Mrs. Hussey Walsh.<ref>"The Drawing Room." London Evening Standard 12 March 1896, Thursday: 3 [of 10], Col. 2a–4b [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18960312/014/0003.</ref> </blockquote> ===12 March 1896, Thursday=== [? Date is a guess.] The 20 March 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Last Thursday week, at Stationers' Hall, the first meeting of the newly-formed Publishers' Union was held, about ninety members, representing nearly fifty of the leading publishing-houses, being present. Mr. C. J. Longman was elected president, Mr. John Murray vice-president, and Mr. Frederick Macmillan treasurer, with ten members of council." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 20 March 1896, vol. 53, p. 270, col. 1. (Accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===27 March 1896, Friday=== The 20 March 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Mr. J. M. Barrie, Mr. Anthony Hope, Sir Douglas Straight, Mr. Henry James, and Mr. James Bryce will be amongst the guests at the quarterly dinner of the Omar-Khayyäm Club next Friday." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 20 March 1896, vol. 53, p. 271, col. 2. (Accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books.) ==April 1896== ===3 April 1896, Friday=== Good Friday ===5 April 1896, Sunday=== Easter Sunday ===6 April 1896, Monday=== The 17 April 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The Vagabonds flocked to the Holborn Restaurant last week to do honour to Mr. Linley Sambourne — and to be photographed. Mr. à Becket introduced his colleague on Punch in a witty and charming little speech, and Mr. Sambourne replied with a short but eloquent description of the changes in 'black and white' art since he began his career." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 364, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) The 17 April 1896 ''Literary World'' also reports the following: "Another function held during the past week was the dinner given by Sir Stuart Knill at the Mansion House to 'The Sette of Odde Vlumes,' of which coteries he has been elected president." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 365, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===11 April 1896, Saturday=== The 17 April 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The London Press Society held their annual gathering on Saturday last at Anderton's Hotel, with Mr. L. W. Lason presiding. The chairman, in proposing the chief toast, drew an interesting parallel between the Press of our empire and that of foreign nations. The Continental and American Press were too often coarse and vituperative in their attacks on rivals and political opponents, he remarked; but, taking our Press all round, it could not be denied that it shone to advantage in honest, purity, and quiet courage." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 366, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===14 April 1896, Tuesday=== The 17 April 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The twentieth anniversary meeting of the supporters of the Bethnal-green Free Library was held on Tuesday last at Grosvenor House, the Rev. C. J. Ridgeway presiding in the unavoidable absence of the Duke of Westminster." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 365, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===19 April 1896, Sunday=== "The celebration on Sunday of the anniversary which members of the Primrose League deem suitable for a gentle demonstraiton of Conservative political sentiment, as well as of regard for the interesting personality of the late Lord Beaconsfield, was observed with the customary floral rites and tributes, especially displaed around the pedestal of his statue outside Westminster Abbey. At Hughenden Manor, his country house, and at his tomb in the churchyard there, some pilgrims of this memorial vocation assembled. Other places associated with some incidents of his life — the houses in London where he resided at different periods, and his reputed birthplace, which as been a matter of doubt and discussion — were spoken of, though not formally visited, upon / the same occasion. It now appears to be the most probable opinion that Benjamin Disraeli was born, not in the house at the corner of Bloomsbury Square, or in the house in the Adelphi. where some years of his childhood were passed, but in a house situated in Theobald's Road, overlooking Gray's Inn Gardens, which was certainly occupied by his father, Mr. Isaac Disraeli, at that date." ("Primrose Day at Westminster." Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, April 25, 1896; pg. 515; Issue 2975, Cols. B-C) ===20 April 1896, Monday=== Not sure of date: the 1 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The new Publishers' Association held their first meeting at Stationer's Hall last week, when the President, Mr. C. J. Longman, delivered a lengthy address, in the course of which he touched on many points of contention in the relations between authors and publishers, and other topics of interest and importance to the book-trade. Amongst those present were Mr. John Murray, Mr. Frederick Macmillan, Mr. R. B. Marston, Mr. Oswald Crawford, Mr. William Heinemann, Mr. T. Fisher Unwin, Mr. Edwin Arnold, Colonel / Routledge, Mr. Richard Bentley, Mr. Edward Bell, and Mr. R. J. Smith." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 412, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===25 April 1896, Saturday=== The 1 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The fifteenth annual dinner of the Press Club, which took place on Saturday last at the Freemasons' Tavern, was a great and unqualified success. Mr. John Morley, who was enthusiastically received, criticised modern journalism in a speech of some length, reminding his hearers in the course of it that he had been called to his present course from the desk where he was writing his leading article. Sir Frank Lockwood also spoke, as did Mr. Spencer Hughes. Lord Wolseley and Lord Charles Beresford were present, and the chair was taken by Mr. Charles Williams." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 412, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===27 April 1896, Monday=== The 1 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Sir Walter Besant was prevented, by an attack of incipient influenza, from presiding at last Monday's dinner at the Authors' Club. There was a larger attendance than usual in expectation of seeing him in the chair." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 415, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) Column 1 in the same "Table Talk" narrates a story told apparently at this same Authors' Club: "Now that the May Meetings are upon us, a story of Exeter Hall in the old days may be quoted from the recollection of a gentleman who told it at the Authors' Club. The occasion was a meeting for advancing the cause of Foreign Missions, and several speakers had deplored the fact that so many converts had recanted. A young midshipman, who was present, felt moved to get on his feet, and say that he knew of at least one case where a convert had not recanted. Being urged to give details he told how he had once been in a boat at sea with a Kaffir chief. Pushing the chief overboard he had asked him if he would be a Christian. The chief declined as energetically as he could with his mouth half full of water, and the midshipman holding on to his scalp. The latter soused him under again, and in a few seconds pulled him to the surface to ask the same question. The chief still refusing, he was dipped again, and then, on regaining the surface, he loudly declared himself a believer. 'I thereupon,' said the midshipman, 'put him under for ten minutes, and I can assure you that convert never recanted.'" "Table Talk," The Literary World, 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 415, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) Monday, 1896 April 27, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] was a bridesmaid the wedding of Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine and James Stewart Forbes (1896-04-28 Aberdeen Journal). Here is the report of the wedding from the ''Inverness Courier'', with the gift list set as an unordered list to save space and simplify finding people:<blockquote>MARRIAGE OF LADY ANGELA ST. CLAIR ERSKINE. Yesterday afternoon, at the increasingly fashionable church of St Paul’s, Knightsbridge, S.W., and in the presence of very large and fashionable assembly, the marriage took place of Mr James Stewart Forbes, and Lady Angela Selina Blanche St Clair Erskine. The bridegroom, Mr James Stewart Forbes, of the 9th Lancers, is the only son of the late Mr George Stewart Forbes (who was senior partner in the well-known Indian mercantile firm of Forbes, Forbes, & Co., in the city of London), nephew of Helen Lady Forbes of Newe, Aberdeenshire, and cousin of the present baronet. The bride, Lady Angela Selina Blanche St Clair Erskine, is the charming and accomplished youngest daughter of the late Earl of Rosslyn, and of Blanche, Countess of Rosslyn, of Rosebank, Mid-Lothian, and 20 Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London. She is a sister of the present Peer and also of the Duchess of Sutherland and Countess of Westmoreland, and half-sister of the Countess of Warwick and Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox. The service was fully choral, and the Church handsomely decorated with tall palms banked with white flowers, while the altar vases had been specially refilled with white blooms for the ceremony. The Rev. James Fleming, Canon of York and Vicar of St Michael Square. S.W., officiated, assisted by the Rev. Montagu Villiers, M.A., of St Paul’s; the Rev. J. Thompson, domestic Chaplain to the Earl of Rosslyn. The bride arrived with her brother the Earl of Rosslyn, who during the singing of the nuptial hymn, Lead us, heavenly father, lead us,” conducted her to the chancel entrance and gave her away. The bridegroom was supported by his brother officer, Mr F. Allhusen of the 9th Lancers as “best man.” There were eight bridesmaids in attendance upon the bride. These young ladies were — Lady Marjorie Blanche Eva Greville, the daughter of the Earl and Countess of Warwick; Miss Ivy Gordon-Lennox, the daughter of Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon- Lennox, nieces of the bride; Miss Keith Fraser (daughter of General James Keith Fraser, C.M.G., and Mrs Keith Fraser), cousin of the bridegroom; the Hon. Ethel Gerard (daughter of Lord and Lady Gerard), Miss Diana Isabel Sturt (daughter of the Hon. Humphrey and Lady Feadovouno Sturt; Miss Edith Chaplin (daughter of the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P.); the Hon. Muriel Agnes Stewart Erskine (daughter of Lord and Lady Cardross), and [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]] (daughter of Mr and Mrs Arthur Wilson). The bridesmaids were charmingly gowned in white muslin dresses, Louis LVI. style, over satin with frilled fichu, and ruched sleeves to wrist finished with frills and broad white satin ribbon sash. They also wore very handsome white and bright scarlet velvet cloaks, slung from one shoulder, lined with white satin, and large felt white picture hats with white ostrich feathers, and knots of scarlet velvet. The bridegroom’s presents to them were enamel chain bangles with enamel heart in centre, each of different design, and carrying nosegays of lilies of the valley in foliage. Two smart pages (nephews of the bride), the Marquis of Stafford and Lord Alistair Clair Leveson-Gower (sons of the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland), followed the bride as trainbearer, picturesquely attired in white satin Court costume, with full blouse of gold Indian muslin, and point de Alencon lace chabot and sleeves, ruffles, white shoes and silk stockings, the breeches being fastened at the knee with diamond buckles, and scarlet velvet cloaks from shoulders, “Cavalier" style, to match bridesmaids; white felt “Cavalier" hats, fastened on one side with strap of red velvet, clasped with a diamond ornament, and white ostrich feathers falling over the brim, the bride’s present them being diamond fox-head pins. Lady Angela St Clair Erskine selected a “wedding gown” consisting of white satin Duchesse petticoat “Josephine,” over dress of Brussels lace, with entredeux of fine Indian muslin, the bodice being of satin, with inforcement of Brussels lace and Indian muslin, with bands of Brussels lace, “Mount de cour" of the richest white satin, with very delicate embroidery of sprays of lilies of the valley, wrought in diamonds and silver. Her fine tulle veil covered coronet of real orange blossoms. Her ornaments were pearls, and she carried a bridal bouquet of lilies of the valley, tied with white satin streamers. The scene inside the church was a most brilliant one. Quite an hour before the time fixed for the ceremony, the large edifice was nearly filled, and at the hour even standing room could not be had. The carriages outside had completely blocked Wilton Place, where the church is situated. The first to arrive was the Dowager-Countess Lovelace, wearing a gown of grey brocaded satin, with black velvet cape. Soon after came Isabella Countess of Wilton, wearing dark purple velvet, Lady Blythswood in black, Lord and Lady Newton Butler, Lord Algernon Gordon Lennox, Viscountess Hood, the Countess of Rosslyn, Lady Esher, Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, and the Countess of Warwick (the former in pale heliotrope, the latter in white silk, with lovely cape of turquoise blue velvet trimmed with silver). The young Duke and Duchess of Marlborough next arrived. This is the Duchess's first appearance at a society wedding since her marriage. She looked very well in black satin, and wore some magnificent diamonds. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland followed, the latter in white muslin, arranged with pale yellow silk, and large white hat, ornamented with white plumes and yellow bows. There were also the Duchess of Westminster, Earl and Countess of Westmoreland [sic], Blanch, Countess of Rosslyn, Lord Thorpe, Lady Alwyn Compton, Lady Clementine Walsh, Lady Hothfield, Hon. Rosamond Tufton, Earl of Crewe, Earl of Dunraven, Lady Mabel Kenyon, Lady Slaney, Countess Cairns, Sir Allan and Lady Mackenzie (wearing black and white striped silk), Marchioness of Downshire, Major and Lady Kathleen Pilkington, Mr Wm. Gilett, Marchioness of Tweeddale, Sir Charles and Lady Forbes of Newe, Mrs George Forbes, Miss Forbes, Lady Maud Keppell, Lady Evelyn Dawnay, Lord and Lady William Nevill, Countess of Essex, Sir W. H. Wilkins, Lady St Oswald, Lady Ducane [sic], Lady Lilian Wemyss, Helen Lady Forbes of Newe, Mrs Menzies, Col. Baillie, Mrs Farquharson, Mr Hugh Fraser, Mr Dudley Ward, Mr and Mrs Grenfell, Lady Gerard, Mrs Charles Wilson, Mrs Arthur Wilson of Tranby Croft, Captain Foley, Hon. George and Mrs Curzon, Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Georgina Curzon, Lord Rowton, Sir George Chetwynd, Mr and Mrs Clayton Glyn, Sir Charles and Lady Hartopp, Countess Deym, Lady Vivian, Lord Vivian, Mr Percy Wyndham, Hon. Mrs Keith Falconer, Mrs Alfred Somerset, Mr Dundas, Miss G. Harvey, Mrs Ernest Chaplin, Colonel and Mrs Gore, Sir Arthur Holkett, Lady Meysey Thompson, Mr and Mrs Alfred Loder, Sir William and Lady Russell, Mr and Lady Mary Jenkins, Hon. Mrs Eliot, Hon. Mrs Percy Mitford, Mrs Balfour, Captain Leigh, and many others. The procession up the aisle looked very pretty, the unique design of the bridesmaids' gowns and cloaks causing great admiration. Diamonds were the principal ornaments worn, and most of the ladies present wore bright colours, heliotrope and green shades appearing to be the favourites, and it is seldom that London sees such a brilliant gathering. The Prince of Wales would have attended the church, but was unable to do so owing to the levee. He, however, attended the reception, and heartily congratulated the happy pair. During the service the hymn "O perfect love, all human thoughts transcending," was sung with great effect, and after the signing of the register, the bridal party adjourned to Stafford House, where Blanche Countess of Rosslyn, gave a large reception. Early in the afternoon Mr James and Lady Angela Forbes left for Easton Lodge, Dunmow, Essex, a seat of the Earl and Countess of Warwick, where the early days of the honeymoon will be spent. The going-away dress was of pale grey canvas, with large white satin collar and revers, and green sash, and large black picture hat, with green feather and shaded yellow roses. The presents, which numbered over 600, were exhibited in the drawing-room of Stafford House. They included the following:— * His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales — Sapphire and diamond curb bracelet *H.S.H. Princess Adolphus of Teck — Ruby and sapphlre safety pin *The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland and the Earl and Countess of Warwick — A magnificent diamond tiara [Col. 2c / 3a] *Bridegroom to Bride — Ruby and diamond ring, emerald and diamond bracelet, large diamond bow, enamel and gold muff chain, diamond heart, emerald and diamond necklace, large leather fan with "Angela" in diamonds * Blanche, Countess of Rosslyn — Old Brussels lace, three rows of pearls, and a long rope of pearls * Mrs George Forbes — Complete set of silver plate * The Earl of Crewe — Opal and diamond pendant * Adelaide, Countess of Westmoreland, and Lady M. Spicer — Umbrella handle * Lady Sarah Wllson — Shagreen card case * Mrs Wilfred Marshall — Heart-shaped links * Mr J. Oswald — Silver-topped toilet bottle * Mrs Oswald — Silver-mounted memorandum book * Mrs Scarisbrick — Photo. frame * Mr Kennard — Silver candles * Lady Keith Ashley — Silver tea knives * Rev. Mr and Mrs Pigott — Small silver tray * Mr and Mrs H. Cherrington — Gold-topped salts-bottle * Colonel and Lady Mabel Slaney — Picture of Warwick Castle * Lady Bettine Taylor — Cushion * Mr and Mrs Alfrel Loder — Card case * Mr and Mrs de Winton — Fan * Hon. A. Macdonell — Stationery case * Lady Edmonstone — Brooch * Sir John Willoughby — Ruby and diamond bracelet * The Ladies Cecilie and Mary Willoughby — Photo. frame * The Earl of Rosslyn — Turquoise bangle and Victoria * Miss Balfour — Silver box * The Countess of Ancaster — Fan * Lord and Lady Burton — Fox and fan * Mrs Macdonald — Paper knife * Colonel and Mrs Baillie — Tortoiseshell and silver box * Mrs Dowdall —Book * Lady Alwyn Compton — Tortoiseshell and turquoise-handled umbrella * Hon. John Ward — Small gold and enamel photo. frame * Lord Herbert Vane Tempest — Turquoise bangle * Viscountess Hood — Book * Misses L. and D. de Bremner — Parasol * Mrs Farquharson — Parasol * Colonel Poynter — Silver candlesticks * Count Larisch — Enamel and pearl muff chain * Mrs Woodhouse — Book * Mrs Finch — Silver tray * The Austrian Ambassador — Feather fan * The Countess of Cork — Diamond and black pearl brooch * Miss Fleetwood Wilson — Silver-mounted clock * Comte and Comtesse A Munster — Clock * The Ladies F. and L. Cecil — Silver tray * Mrs Baird — Sugar castor * Mrs L. de Rothschild — Ruby and diamond bangle * Mrs A. Sassoon — "Duck" brooch * Mr and Mrs Hufa [sic] Williams — Old gilt candlesticks and shade * Lord Kenyon — Diamond crescent * Lord and Lady Raincliffe — Turquolse and diamond bangle * Mr and Lady Eva Dugdale — Cabinet for miniatures * [[Social Victorians/People/Holden|Mr Henry Holden]] — Silver-mounted salts bottle * Countess Cairns — Fan * Tenants on Lord Rosslyn's Estate — Silver candlesticks * Mr and Mrs Stuart Menzies — Silver pot * Lord Cardross — Old tortoiseshell box * Lady Evelyn Bertie — Smelling bottle * Lord Hy. Grosvenor — Silver toast racks * Earl and Countess of Essex — Lamp shade * Hon. Baillie of Dochfour — Miniature case * Mrs Gore — Small tray * Countess Howe — Silver ornaments * Lady Southampton — Silver box * Miss Keith Falconer — Photo frame * Lord and Lady Rothschild — Antique silver tea and coffee service in case * Mrs Gerard Leigh — Silver-mounted note book * Mr and Mrs A. Bourke [Rourke?] — Box for miniature * Major-General Sir Henry Ewart — Two gold candlesticks * [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]] — Diamond and pearl bangle * Major Davidson — Links * Mr and Mrs D. Cooper — Old tortoiseshell tray * Lady de Trafford — Large green travelling cushion * Mr Bristow — Tortoiseshell umbrella * Mr Sykes — Whip * Mr Dowell — Book * Mr and Mm F. Hartmann — Old box * The Countess of Westmorland — Old three-fold gilt screen * Mrs Forbes — Diamond swallow * Lady Cotterell — Silver photo. frame * Lord and Lady Lindsey — Silver paper knife * Mr and Mrs R. Vigner — Turquoise and diamond ring * Lady Blanche Conyngham — Silver hand bell * Mrs Mitford — Silver ornament * Mrs Asquith — Butterfly brooch * Lady Dorchester — Silver dish and spoon * Mr and Mrs Frewer — Louis XVI. candlesticks * Canon and Mrs Fleming — Silver handled paper knife * Colonel and Mrs Oldham — Tortoiseshell box * Mr and Mrs Alwyn Greville — Two old gilt looking-glasses * Lord Ronald Gower — Old print * Mr and Mrs J. Lowther — Large gold-topped salts bottle * Mr and Miss Tufnell — Large box *Mrs Wall and the Servants at Rosslyn Rest — Silver inkstand *Hon. Sydney Greville — Silver photo frame *Mr and Mrs Adrian Hope and Mrs Farnham — Case for writing paper *Lord Rosebery — Sapphire and diamond bracelet *Lord Rowton — Silver cup *Mr R. Charters — Driving whip *Mrs Lawrence Currie — Amethyst heart brooch *Captain and Mrs Drummond — Book-case *The Duchess of Wellington — Enamel clock *Lady Cardross — Dryfons frame [sic: Dryfus? type seems clear enough...] *Helen Lady Forbes — Silver teapot, sugar basin, and cream jug *Mrs R. Brett — Diamond and ruby pin *Lord W. and Lord R. Nevill — Two gold cups *Isabella, Countess of Wilton — Silver box *Duke of Grafton — Coral necklace *Mr Cough Craven — Turquoise and diamond ring *The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough — Diamond ring *Sir Charles and Lady Hartopp — Green travelling bag *Lord Willoughby de Broke — Fox head safety pin *Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox — Frame *Sir William Russell — Book *Sir George Chetwynd — Saphire [sic] and diamond bangle *Mrs Bischoffsheim — Parasol *Mr and Mrs Watson Taylor — Hand-painted fan *Mr Barclay — Turquoise and diamond ring *Mr and Madam Von Andre — Gold-mounted travelling bag *Mr Corbet — Whip *Viscount Royston — Writing table *Mrs Marshall — Tortoiseshell salts bottle *Mrs Somerset — China handled stick *Countess of Chesterfield — Writing set *Lord Hy. Bentinck — Photo. frame *Sir Allan and Lady Mackenzie — Two old silver bowls *Mr F. Murray Honey — Menu holders *Lady L. Wemyss — Safety pin *Mr Tynedale — White candlesticks *Mr Cecil Foley — Fox head pin *Lord and Lady Curzon — “En tout cas," with China handle *Lord Stafford, Lord Alastair Leveson Gower, Ladv Rose Mary Leveson Gower, Miss K. [R.?] Chaplin, and Miss F. Chaplin — Small watch set with diamonds *Mr and Mrs Harry Lawson — Silver mirror *Mrs Glyn — Cushions *Lord Blythswood — Old Worcester teapot *Mrs Hartmann — Louis XVI. settee *Mrs George Curzon — Frame *Dowager Countess of Warwick—Writing table *Lady Wolvarton—Two small silver coffee pots *Miss Blanche Forbes — Antique mustard pot *Miss Forbes — Silver tea and coffee set in case *Mr F. Allhuson — Tortoiseshell and gold box *Baron and Baroness de Hirsch de Gererk — Gold coffee set on tray *Mr Powell — Gilt basket *Viscount Brackley — Six "Initial" menu holders *[[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|Mrs George Keppel]] — Box *Lord and Lady St Oswald — Three small silver cruets *Hon. R. Ward — Luncheon basket *Sir Samuel Scott — Luncheon basket *Madame de Falbe — Gilt tea set *Madame Offenheim — Gilt coffee set *Lady Filmer [? Fihaer? Fihner? ] — Ebony and silver paper cutter *Lady Du Cane — Silver seal *Lady Sandhurst — Gun metal and gold pocket knife *Lady M. Jenkins — Two silver boot lifters in case *Lady Esher — Silver paper clip *Lord and Lady William Nevill — Two silver trays *Countess of Romney — Silver cigarette case *Mr and Mrs Arthur Sasson [sic] — Silver box *Household Servants of Mrs Forbes (Burleigh) — Silver cigarette case *Mary Lady Edmonstone — Silver holder *Household Servants of Mrs George Forbes — Silver salver *Lady C. Walsh — Small silver salver *Hon. R. Brett — Silver candlesticks *Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild — Silver vase *The Marquis of Camden —Two silver candlesticks *Lady Evelyn Dawny — Two silver candlesticks &c.<ref>"Marriage of Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine." ''Inverness Courier'' 28 April 1896 Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Cols. 2a–3c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000446/18960428/037/0005.</ref> </blockquote> ==May 1896== ===3 May 1896, Monday=== The 8 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Speaking at the Booksellers' dinner in the week, Dr. Welldon remarked that there was a time in history when the dissatisfied author could complain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had in certain cases legal authority to redress his grievances. He was sorry this cusom had died out in the profession. It would have been instructive to hear what price the Archbishop would have put on 'Robert Elsmere,' "The Heavenly Twins,' 'The Sorrows of Satan,' or 'Barabbas.'" The next item is also related to the Booksellers' dinner: "Mr. Crockett was also on hand with one or two good stories. One of the best of these concerned himself. Mr. Crockett told how he recently was introduced to a lady, to whom his profession was mentioned. 'Mr. Crockett,' she said during the evening, 'I hear you are an author. Have you published any of your works yet?'" "Table Talk," The Literary World, 8 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 436, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===4 May 1896, Tuesday=== "MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, May 6." <quote>Sir Horace Farquhar, M.P., and Lady Farquhar entertained at dinner last evening at their resident in Grosvenor-square the Duchess of Devonshire, the Duke of Leeds, the Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwendolen Cecil, the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Countess Cadogan and Lady Sophie Cadogan, the Countess of Derby, the Earl and Countess of Onslow, the Earl of Dudley, Viscount Royston, Lord James of Hereford, Lord Stanley, M.P., Lady George Hamilton, the Right Hon. George Curzon, M.P., and Mrs. Curzon, the Hon. St. John Brodrick, M.P., and Lady Hilda Brodrick, Sir Samuel Scott, and Mr. Victor Cavendish, M.P. Subsequently Lady Farquhar gave a reception. Those present included the Astro-Hungarian Ambassador and Countess Deym and Countess Isabella Deym, the Brazilian Minister, the Duke of Norfolk, and the Duke of Devonshire.</quote><cite>("Court Circular." Times [London, England] 7 May 1896: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 2 May 2013.)</cite>. ===5 May 1896, Wednesday=== <quote>MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, May 6. [/] His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales gave a dinner party this evening, at which the following were present:— His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught; the German Ambassador, Count Hatzfeldt; the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Count Deym; the United States Ambassador, the Hon. T. F. Bayard; the French Ambassador, Baron de Courcel; the Italian Ambassador, Lieutenant-General A. Ferrero; the Spanish Ambassador, Count de Casa Valencia; the Turkish Ambassador, Costaki Anthopoulo Pasha; the Count de Ficalho, Grand Maître de la Cour to the King of Portugal; the Archbishop of Canterbury; the Lord Chancellor, Lord Halsbury; the Lord President of the Council, the Duke of Devonshire; the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Marquis of Salisbury, the Earl of Lathom, the Earl of Rosebery, the Earl of Kimberley, Lord George Hamilton; Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley, Lord Herschell; the Right Hon G. J. Goschen, the Chancellor of the Exchequer; the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, the Right Hon. Sir William Vernon Harcourt, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, the Right Hon. Sir Henry Fowler, the Right Hon. John Morley, General the Right Hon. Sir Redvers Buller, the Right Hon. Sir Matthew White Ridley, the Right Hon. H. Asquith; the President of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Lister; General Sir Evelyn Wood, Admiral Sir Frederick Richards; the President of the Society of Antiquaries, Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks; the Director of the Natural History Museum, Sir William Flower; Rear-Admiral Sir John Fisher, Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Bedford; the Principal Librarian and Secretary of the British Museum, Sir Edward Maunde Thompson; the President of the Royal Geographical Society, Mr. Clements R. Markham; the President of the Royal College of Surgeons, Mr. Christopher Heath; the President of the Royal College of Physicians, Dr. Samuel Wilks; Colonel Alfred Egerton, in attendance on His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught; and General Sir Dighton Probyn and Major-General A. Ellis, in attendance on His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. [/] The following were unavoidably prevented from obeying His Royal Highness's command:— The Russian Ambassador, M. de Staal; the Speaker, the Right Hon. W. C. Gully; the President of the Royal Academy, Sir John E. Millais. [/] During dinner the band of the Grenadier Guards, under the direction of Lieutenant Dan Godfrey, played the following selection of music:— [/]<blockquote>March, "Hepp, Hepp, Hurrah!" -- Kràl.<br />Overture, "Le Singe de Brésil" -- Lindpaintner.<br />Waltzer, "Gartenlaube" -- Johann Strauss.<br />Selections of Melodies -- Greig.<br />March, "Mit Hörnerklang durch Wald und Flur" -- Kohout.<br />Fantasia, "Hänsel und Gretel" -- Humperdinck.<br />Polish Dances -- Franz Morgan.<br />Selection, "Donna Juanita" -- Suppé.<br />Waltzer, "Mondnacht auf der Alster" -- Fétras.<br /></blockquote> ===10 May 1896, Monday=== The 15 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "A brilliant gathering took place on Monday last at the Galleries of the Royal Society of British Artists, where, on the invitation of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Madge, nearly a thousand authors and pressmen, peers and members of Parliament came together to meet the proprietors and editors of the newspapers of the United Kingdom. An excellent musical programme was given under the direction of Mr. William Ganz, and the reception was altogether a thorough success." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 15 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 462, col. 3. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===13 May 1896, Thursday=== The 22 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Mr. Frankfort Moore, in a racy speech, introduced Mr. Harold Frederic, the London representative of The New York Times, and the author of 'Illumination,' and other well-known novels, to the members of the New Vagabond Club on Thursday, the 14th, and Mr. Frederic responded to the toast of his health in a speech full of point and humour. He touched upon the international question, and quietly hinted that it was only here that the fuss was made, not in America. We daresay he is right as regards the people, but the New York newspapers occasionally give one a different impression. Perhaps what Mr. Frederic meant to convey, but was too courteous to say in an assembly of Englishmen, was that all the American talk about the Venezuela busines from the beginning to end was only a way of pulling the British lion's tail so as to enjoy hearing him roar and to make capital out of the incident for election purposes. Mr. Frederic passed a compliment upon Englishmen as regards their 'splended cosmopolitanism,' as shown in the capacity of Englishmen to live up to everything that is demanded of an Imperial race. He alluded to the number of American authors, from Bret Harte downwards, who had made their homes here — 'not that they loved America less, but that they loved London more.' Among those who attended to do honour to Mr. Harold Frederic were Mr. Grant Allen, Mr. William Le Queux, Mr. C. J. Tibbits, Mr. G. B. Burgin, Mr. Morris / Colles, Mr. Coulson Kernahan, Mr. Bertram Mitford, Mr. Walter Jerrold, and Mr. Douglas Sladen." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 22 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 484, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===14 May 1896, Friday=== The 8 May 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Mr. Hermann Vezin will assist at the Tenth Annual Public Reading of the Shakespeare Reading Society, to be given at the Steinway Hall on Friday evening, May 15. The play Julius Caesar is arranged and rehearsed under the direction of Mr Wm. Poel; the harp will be plaed by Miss Mary Chatterton. The Reading will be repeated on the following evening to students who are preparing the play for the Oxford and Cambridge local examination." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 8 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 436, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) The 15 May 1896 Literary World confirms the date: "The Shakespearian Reading Society will meet at the Steinway Hall, Lower Seymour-street, W., to-night at 8.30 p.m., when Julius Caesar will be read by its members, assisted by Mr. Hermann Vezin and Mr. Wm. Poel." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 15 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 461, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===23 May 1896, Sunday=== Whit Sunday 1896 May 23 (or the weekend before, so Saturday May 16?), [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] is at a weekend country-house party at [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Warwick Castle]]: <quote>Among the guests entertained by the Earl and Countess of Warwick at Warwick Castle for the weekend were Sir John Willoughby, the Countess of Rosslyn, Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox, Miss Muriel Wilson, and Miss Tufnell.</quote> (1896-05-23 Leamington Spa Courier). ===26 May 1896, Wednesday=== The 10 April 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Mr. George A. Macmillan will preside at the booksellers' Dinner to be held at the Holborn Restaurant on the 27th of next month. He will be assisted by Mr. Joseph W. Darton, and several leading authors and publishers will be there." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 10 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 341, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ==June 1896== The Women Journalist Club's "midsummer party to which all literary, artistic and social London is bidden" (Krout, Mary H., "Women's Clubs," Chapter 9, A Looker-On in London. Rpt in Victorian London: Publications: Social Investigation/Journalism. Online: www.victorianlondon.org [August 2005].). Here, from victorianlondon.org, is Krout's description of that event: <blockquote>In June, 1896, this great function was held at Stafford House - the town residence of the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, and there was such a demand for invitations that the committee was forced to announce through the columns of the morning newspapers that no more cards would be issued, those which had been sent having been inexorably marked "strictly non-transferable." The invitations included every artist, man or woman, every journalist, author, musician and actor of note in London, with scientists, members of Parliament, cabinet ministers, diplomats and those who lived simply to enliven and adorn the social world. Long before ten o'clock there was a line of carriages stretched down Pall Mall, each awaiting its turn at the entrance in the shadow of the great porte cochère around which was stationed an array of footmen in black and gold livery. The guests were received by the President, Mrs. Craigie, a woman of striking beauty and dignity, who was assisted by Mrs. Johnson, the editor of ''The Gentlewoman'', and other women journalists. A remarkably varied programme had been arranged, literally suited to all tastes, and the names of the artists who had contributed their services included Mine. [Mme] Albani and Cissy Loftus, Arthur Roberts, the comedian and Johannes Wolff the violinist, Alice Gomez, the contralto of the St. James concerts, and Letty Lind of the Empire Music Hall. Mme. Albani did not appear, but the beautiful and fascinating Cissy Loftus did not disappoint the company, and she gave an extremely clever imitation of a popular actress whose mannerisms were then the delight [-85-] of the Music Hall artists, and a source of pecuniary profit as well. [The page break in the original print copy is marked in the text as "[-85-]."] (A Looker-On in London, by Mary H. Krout, 1899 - Chapter 9 -Women's Clubs)</blockquote> ===1 June 1896, Monday=== Not sure of date. The 12 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "It is authoritatively understood that the offer of one of the most important literary positions in London has been made to Mr. Edward W. Bok, editor of The Ladies' Home Journal, of Philadelphia, who is at present in England. Not alone is the position offered Mr. Bok of the most desirable character, but the honorarium attached to it is reported to be several times larger than the salary received by any editor in England. In addition to this, a ten-year lease of a Grosvenor-quare mansion is included in the offer. The position would require Mr. Bok's permanent residence in London. ... / An offer of the magnitude which the negotiations with Mr. Bok are reported to assume is particularly significant from the fact of the recipient's youth. Mr. Bok, if we err not, has just passed the thirty line in point of age, and is the youngest of all the American magazine editors. He was born in Holland, and comes of excellent Dutch / [col. 2] stock. He came to America at the age of six, and his rise there has been phenomenal. ... / Mr. Bok has been a much-dined and fèted man during his present visit to London. Last week, Lady Morell Mackenzie gave a dinner in his honour, and this week will entertain him with a country house-party at her place at Wargrave." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===3 June 1896, Wednesday=== Derby Day at Epsom Downs, so the [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise Friederike Auguste Montagu]], Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Devonshire|Devonshire]], hosted a ball at Devonshire House that night? Georgiana, Lady Dudley: <quote>After all that umbrella holding she [Georgiana, Lady Dudley] deserved to be the one whom the Prince chose to sup with on the happiest day of his life. This was June 3, 1896, when H.R.H. won the Derby with Persimmon to tumultuous applause. After the usual dinner at the Jockey Club, Albert Edward, so his engagement diary records, went on to 'midnight supper with Lady Dudley'</quote><cite>(Leslie 74)</cite>. ===7 June 1896, Sunday=== Of Mr. Edward W. Bok, "Last Sunday Mr. Bok was the special guest of Madame Adelina Patti at a luncheon of thirty." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===8 June 1896, Monday=== Of Mr. Edward W. Bok, Lady Morell Mackenzie "this week will entertain him with a country house-party at her place at Wargrave." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) Also, "Sir Douglas also entertained Mr. Bok at dinner a few evenings ago. Mrs. C. D. Gibson gave him a luncheon; he led the Portland House cotilion with the young Duchess of Marlborough, while Anthony Hope, Jerome K. Jerome, Sir Arthur Sullivan, and Beerbohm Tree have all entertained him." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) === 10 June 1896, Wednesday === [[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Mr. Schreiber]] was present at the fashionable wedding of the Hon. John Tufton and Lady Ierne Hastings, which was reported in the "Court Circular" section of the ''Morning Post'' for 11 June 1896:<blockquote>The marriage of the Hon. John Tufton, eldest son of Lord Hothfield, and Lady Ierne Hastings, third daughter of the late Earl of Huntingdon, was solemnised yesterday at St. Anselm's Church, Davies-street, at half-past two o'clock. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. Herbert Moore, vicar of St. Anselm's, assisted by the Rev. W. F. B. Ward, private Chaplain to the Duke of Newcastle. The bride was given away by her brother, the Earl of Huntingdon. The bridesmaids were Lady Rowena and Lady Noreen Hastings, sisters of the bride; Lady Kathleen Hastings and Miss Pasley, nieces of the bride; Lady Muriel Parsons and Miss Campbell. The bridegroom was attended by the Hon. Charles Wyndham, lst Life Guards. Amongst the immediate relatives and friends in the church and afterwards at Grosvenor-square were the Duke of Newcastle, the Countess of Huntingdon, Mr. and Lady Irene Campbell, Sir Thomas and Lady Constance Pasley, Major and the Hon. Mrs. Candy, Major and the Hon. Mrs. Stirling, Lady Dora Yeoman, Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Ventry and the Hon. Maud de Moleyns, the Hon. Lady Acland Hood, Lady and the Misses Wilson, General Stracey, Colonel Stracey, Scots Guards; Mr. W. Campbell, Mr. Herbert Wilson, the Countess of Cottenham and Lady M. Pepys, the Countess of Ranfurly, Marchesa Santurce, the Viscountess Galway, Lady Churston, the Countess of Rosse, Viscount and Viscountess Wolseley and the Hon. F. Wolseley, Mrs. Adrian Hope and Miss Hope, Mr. W. Gillett, Mr. Hastings Parker, Sir Hubert Miller, Captain Milner, lst Life Guards; [[Social Victorians/People/Schreiber|Mr. Schreiber, 1st Life Guards]]; Lord Lovat, 1st Life Guards; Captain Boyce, and many others. The Duchess of Newcastle was prevented by illness from being present. Mr. and Lady lerne Tufton left London for the Isle of Wight in the afternoon.<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 11 June 1896, Thursday: 7 [of 12], Col. 6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18960611/072/0007.</ref></blockquote> ===12 June 1896, Friday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] is at Epsom for the races in Mr, and Mrs.’s D’Arcy’s private stand, which they had lent to Lord and Lady William Nevill, who then “entertained a large party on the Derby and Oak days.” <quote>Mr and Mrs D’Arcy owing to their absence on the Continent, lent their private stand at Epsom to Lord and Lady William Nevill, who entertained a large party on the Derby and Oaks days. The Company comprised the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, the Duke of Manchester, the Marquess of Abergavenny, the Marchioness of Worcester, Marquis Camdea [?], the Marquis of Waterford, the Marchesa di Serramezzena [?], Donna Flori, Count Palfly, the Earl and Countess of Yarborough, the Earl and Countess Delawarr, Countess Cowley, Lord Sudeley, Lord Suffield, Lady Sandhurst, Lord and Lady Henry Nevill and Miss Nevill, Lord and / Lady George Nevill, Lady Alice Morland, Mr and Lady Violet Brassey, Lady Clementine Walsh, Lady Cicely Gathorne Hardy, and Miss Gathorne Hardy, Hon. Sidney Greville, Hon. F. Stanley, Hon. H. Henniker, Hon. Miriam Thellusson, Hon. R. Molyneux, Hon. Jas. Mansfield, Hon. W. Edwards, Hon. Mrs Oliphant, Sir Edward and Lady Colebrooke, Sir Frederick and Lady Milner, Sir George and Lady Lewis and Miss Lewis, Mr Arnold Morley, Hr and Mrs Henry Labouchere, Mr and Mrs Beerbohm Tree, Mr E. Hatch, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mr and Mrs Wilson]], and Miss Muriel Wilson, Mr Chas. Wyndham, Mr and Mrs Beresford Melville, and Miss Clay, Madame Van André, Mrs Leslie, Mr and Mrs Adrian Hope, Miss Mary Moore, Mr and Mrs George Alexander, Captain Ellison, Captain Peel, Hr H. Spender Clay, Mr George Ellison, Miss Rollit, Mr and Mrs C. Van Raalte, Mr and Mrs Arthur James, Mrs H. V. Higgens, Mr J. B. Leigh, Mr Walter Leslie, Mr and Mrs B. Crawshay, Mr Brinton, Captain Oswald Ames, and many others.</quote> (1896-06-12 The Courier) ===14 June 1896, Sunday=== Of Mr. Edward W. Bok, "For Sunday next Sir Douglas Straight has invited a party of friends to take the young editor on his private steam-launch for a cruise on the Thames." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===15 June 1896, Monday=== The 5 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "We understand that Dr. Conan Doyle will preside at the Ladies' dinner of the New Vagabond Club, on the 15th inst., as Mr. Jerome will be absent from London on that date. Eighteen literary ladies have been invited as guests." ("Table Talk," The Literary World, 5 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 532, col. 1. [Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books].) The 19 June 1896 Literary World goes on at length about the dinner: "The Ladies' Dinner of the New Vagabond Club, held on Monday in the King's Hall, Holborn, was a great success. The most interesting feature was the really able speeches given by the two ladies, Mrs. Burnett Smith (Annie S. Swan) and Mrs. Fenwick Miller, who responded for themselves and their fellow-guests to the toast of their health proposed by Dr. Conan Doyle. If this sort of thing grows, male speakers will soon be at a discount, and no public function will be complete without an oration or two from members of the fair sex. When Mrs. Miller rose to follow Mrs. Burnett Smith in thanking her hosts for their entertainment, the happy thought struck her that it would be as well to observe the strict rule on such occasions; so she desired the other lady guests to stand up while she spoke. This request was complied with, and afforded the audience a better opportunity of distnguishing the special guests of the evening from the larger number who occupied seats at the high table. Their names were, in addition to the two speakers, Mrs. Burton Harrison, Mrs. Flora A. Steel, Mrs. Gertrude Atherton, Mrs. Edith E. Cutbell, Mrs. Andrew Dean, 'George Egerton,' 'Helen Mathers,' Miss Mathilde Blind, and Miss Nora Vynne. / The Vagabonds and their guests could not have been less than 500 in number, and overflowed from the floor of the hall into the galleries. But there was no crowding, and the principal speeches were heard better than is customary at such dinners, probably owing to the eagerness of all to hear, thus preventing the usual under-current of chat. It is impossible to enumerate here all the many literary and otherwise distinguished persons who made up the audience, but it included Sir James Linton, Henniker Heaton, M.P., 'Max O' Rell,' Edward W. Bok, Dr. Moncure D. Conway, Silas K. Hocking, Frankfort Moore, A. W. / [col. 2] a' Beckett, Walter Crane, Oswald Crawford, C.M.G., G. Manville Fenn, Robert Barr, Couldon Kernshan, Dr. Todhunter, Walter Jerrold, W. Morris Colles, D. Havelock Fisher, G. Thompson Hutchinson, and, of course, the vice-chairman, Douglas Sladen and G. B. Burgin, to whom the success of the club is largely due. / ... Dr. Doyle concluded by saying that it would be strange if the New Vagabond Club did not make these ladies welcome, for women had always been noted for being charitable to beggars. / Mrs. Burnett Smth began by remarking that twenty years ago such a meeting as that would have caused a flutter in the breast of Mrs. Grundy. But she was delighted to think that women could thus meet their brothers on equal terms of kindliness and goodwill. Whatever might be said of the 'new woman' movement, it made for good in one direction. A number of old-fashioned ideas about women who write had disappeared. She felt the truth of the quotation: / Woman's cause is man's, / They rise or sink together. / She made an eloquent protest against the old theory that the husband of the literary woman lived in a chronic state of buttonless shirts, undarned socks, and ill-cooked dinners. Her wide experience taught her that wmen writers were conspicuous for their excellent housekeeping. / [Col. 3] Mrs. Fenwick Miller, in her splendidly enunciated little speech, took up the same strain of protest against the prejudiced view of women who write. For herself she was glad to live in this age, as in no previous one had comradeship been so strong. It was possible for a woman to believe that her greatest happiness consisted in the love of one man and the pleasures of one home, and yet to learn to extend her sympathies and so gain more happiness. The world was made for both sexes, and not, as some seemed to imagine, for one." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 19 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 581, cols. 1-3. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===17 June 1896, Wednesday=== Of Mr. Edward W. Bok: "On Wednesday next he will sail home." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===20 June 1896, Saturday=== The 26 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Mr. Clement Shorter, by the way, presided at the gathering of the Omar Khayyám Club at Marlow last Saturday evening. Several prominent writers were present, including 'Maarten Maartens,' Mr. Grant Allen, Mr. J. M. Barrie, Mr. Harold Frederic, Mr. Edmund Gosse, and Mr. George Gissing." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 26 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 605, col. 3. (Accessed 14 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===22 June 1896, Monday=== The 26 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "Speaking at the Women Writers' Annual Dinner, on Monday last, at the Criterion Restaurant, Mrs. Sydney Webb pleaded for consideration for writers of books which she classed apart from literature, though precisely why dd not transpire. Speaking from her own experience, Mrs. Webb declared that the occupation was a hard one, and that the women who took it up needed all the encouragement presumably that the authors of successful 'Pioneer' and 'Pseudonym' novels could give them. Amongst the speakers were Miss Mary Kingsley, who described the doubtful pleasures of exploring, Miss Clementina Black, and Miss Ella Curtis, who had some serious problems concerning reviewers and reviewing to place before her audience. Others present at the dinner were Mrs. Flora Annie Steel, Mrs. Molesworth, Mrs. Caffyn ('Iota'), Mrs. Sidgwick, 'Helen Mathers,' 'Annie S. Swan,' and Miss Sarah Doudney." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 26 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 604, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 14 October 2009 in Google Books.) ===26 June 1896, Friday=== There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, Arthur Sullivan, Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902. ===29 June 1896, Monday=== The 19 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The Authors' Club will entertain Dr. Conan Doyle at dinner at the Club-house on June 29, and Sir Walter Besant will take the chair." "Table Talk," The Literary World, 19 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 581, col. 3. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] was present (among those who “accepted invitations to this function”) at the wedding of Lady Sophie Cadogan and Sir Samuel Scott at Holy Trinity Church, Sloane Street., W., London. The [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]] were there, as were “hundreds” from “Society.” The list of notable guests, which includes [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. Arthur Wilson]] and Muriel Wilson, precedes the groom’s name in the story (1896-06-30 Belfast News-Letter). Here is the report of the wedding from the ''Morning Post'', with the list of people who attended set as an unordered list to save space and simplify finding people; commas for that list have been silently deleted. The newspaper article made the gift list easy to navigate by using all caps for people's names, so that list is set as it was.<blockquote>MARRIAGE OF SIR SAMUEL SCOTT AND LADY SOPHIE CADOGAN. Holy Trinity Church, Sloane-street, was filled to its utmost capacity yesterday afternoon, on the occasion of the marriage of Lady Sophie Cadogan, younger daughter of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Countess Cadogan, with Sir Samuel Scott, Bart., Royal Horse Guards. The chancel of the spacious building was beautifully adorned with odontoglossum Alexandrae, white hydrangea, lilium Harrissii, white roses, carnations, azaleas, and ferns, and a variety of palms — Kentias, Seaforthias, and cocos — were arranged on each side and disposed about the choir with excellent taste. The nave was lined by non-commissioned officers and troopers of the bridegroom's regiment in full uniform with cuirasses. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, accompanied by the Princesses Victoria and Maud, and attended by the Countess of Macclesfield and Major-General Stanley Clarke, arrived shortly before half-past two o'clock, and were shown to seats reserved for them facing the chancel on the bride's side. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York, who had previously arrived, with Lady Mary Lygon and the Hon. Derek Keppel in waiting, occupied seats on the bridegroom's side, near Sir Horace and Lady Farquhar. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge was also present. Punctually at half-past two the choir advanced to the west door to receive the bride, while the organist played the Bridal March from "Lohengrin." Lady Sophie entered the church a few minutes afterwards, accompanied by the Lord Lieutenant. The bridal procession was then formed, and passed up the nave between the ranks of Guardsmen, singing, **0 Jesus, I have promised." Sir Samuel, who awaited his bride at the chancel steps, was attended by Marquis Camden as best man. The bride wore a trained gown of the richest ivory satin duchesse, handsomely embroidered round the hem in silver and small pearls in a floral design, and finished at the edge with three tiny ruches of chiffon. The bodice had a yoke of narrowly tucked chiffon, bordered with exquisite Brussels lace, from which soft draperies of chiffon inserted with silver and pearl embroidery was drawn into a high satin sash. The transparent sleeves, of drawn chiffon, were finished at the top with bow epaulettes of embroidered satin. Lady Sophie wore a coronet of orange blossoms and a tulle veil. Her lovely bouquet was of rare white orchids intermixed with lilies of the valley. Master Green, nephew of the bridegroom, acted as page, wearing a pale blue satin costume trimmed with lace, the cape lined with white satin. He carried a large white felt hat with blue feathers. Nine bridesmaids followed, Lady Anne Coventry, Lady Helen Craven, and Miss Margaret Van de Weyer, cousins of the bride; Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Isobel Stanley, Lady Kathleen Cole, Miss Bridget Bulkeley, and two little girls, the Hon. Sybil Cadogan, niece of the bride, and the Hon. Victoria Stanley. The elder bridesmaids wore gowns of ivory mousseline-de-soie over kilted glacé silk, the full bodices veiled with deep cream lace lightly embroidered with diamonds, with long lace sleeves and Pompadour sashes fastened on one side with diamond buttons. Their hats were of white fancy straw, draped round the crowns with folds of white tulle, glacé ribbon to match their sashes, and black tulle, with a plume of feathers at the side. The children were in quaint frocks to match the elder ladies, but their picturesque hats were of kilted chiné ribbon, with loops of bébé ribbon and clusters of white feathers. The bridegroom presented each with a gold chain bracelet with turquoise acorn pendant, the cup of which was of diamonds, and a bouquet of pink roses tied with white satin, the children carrying small baskets of pink rosebuds. The Lord Primate of Ireland performed the nuptial rite, assisted by the Rev. Canon Eyton (late rector of the parish), rector of St. Margaret's, Westminster; the Rev. Henry Bevan, rector of Holy Trinity; the Rev. Gerald Blunt, rector of Chelsea; the Rev. J. J. Roumieu, rector of Culford, Bury St. Edmunds; and the Rev. Edward Symonds, domestic chaplain to Earl Cadogan. The bride was given away by her father. The Service was fully choral, and before the address the hymn, "O perfect life of love," was sung as an anthem, the solo being taken by a boy soprano. After the Benediction, given by the Archbishop, the choir and congregation sang, "Lead us, Heavenly Father, lead us." The bride and bridegroom, preceded by the Archbishop of Armagh and clergy, then passed to the vestry to sign the register, Earl Cadogan escorting the Princess of Wales, and the Prince of Wales accompanying Countess Cadogan. Sir Horace Farquhar gave his arm to the Duchess of York, and the Duke of York offered his to Lady Farquhar. A wedding favour of shamrock, white heather, and orange blossom was placed on the seat of each guest. While the registers were being attested a member of the choir sang, "Be thou faithful unto death," from Mendelssohn's " St. Paul." Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Princesses Victoria and Maud, and the Duke and Duchess of York, with their ladies and gentlemen in waiting, attended the reception afterwards held by Earl and Countess Cadogan at Chelsea House. Those present at the ceremony and reception included # the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador and Countess Deym and Countess Isabella Deym # the Brazilian Minister # Count Koziebrodski # Princess Pless # the Duchess of Devonshire # the Duchess of Manchester # the Duke and Duchess of Abercorn and Lady Alexandra Hamilton # the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough # the Duchess of Buccleuch and the Ladies Scott # the Duke of Grafton # the Duke of Manchester # Sir Horace aud Lady Farquhar # the Marchioness of Ormonde and Lady Beatrice Butler # the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury # the Marchioness of Londonderry and Lady Helen Stewart # the Marchioness of Headfort aud Lady Beatrice Taylour # the Marchioness of Lansdowne and Lady Beatrice Fitzmaurice # the Marchioness of Hastings and Miss Olive Chetwynd # the Archbishop of Armagh and Miss Alexander # the Earl and Countess of Coventry and Lady Barbara Coventry # Elizabeth Countess of Wilton and Mr. Pryor # the Earl of Crewe # the Earl and Countess of Romney # the Earl of March # the Earl and Countess of Kilmorey # the Earl of Rosse # Countess Howe and Lady Evelyn Eyre # the Earl of Clarendon # the Earl and Countess of Craven # Evelyn Countess Craven # the Countess of Lathom and the Ladies Wilbraham # Countess Grosvenor and Lady Constance Grosvenor # the Countess of Derby and Lady Isobel Stanley # Victoria Countess of Yarborough and Mr. Richardson # the Countess of Ancaster # Lady Alice Willoughby and Lady Cecelie Goff # the Countess of Powis # the Earl of Hardwicke # the Earl of Listowel and Lady Beatrice Hare # the Countess of Erne # the Countess of Enniskillen and Lady Florence Cole # Georgiana Countess of Dudley # the Earl of Kimberley # the Countess of Caledon # the Countess of Gosford # the Countess of Huntingdon # Viscountess Marsham # Viscount and Viscountess Chelsea # Viscountess Newport and the Hon. Miss Bridgeman # Viscountess Helmsley # Viscount Castlereagh # Viscountess Coke # Viscount and Viscountess Deerhurst and Lady Dorothy Coventry # Viscount and Viscountess Curzon # Viscount and Viscountess Cross # the Lord Chancellor of Ireland # Lord and Lady Lurgan # Lady Ashbourne and the Hon. Violet Gibson # Lady Halsbury and the Hon. Evelyn Giffard # Lord and Lady Glenesk # Lord and Lady Hastings # Lord and Lady William Nevill # Lord and Lady Castletown # Lady Norreys # Lady Alice Stanley # Lady Stratheden # Lady Arthur Wellesley and Miss Wellesley # Lady Lucy Hicks-Beach and Miss Hicks-Beach # Lord and Lady Iveagh # Lady Barbara Smith # Lord and Lady Burton and Miss Thorn # Lord Rowton # Lord H. Vane-Tempest # Lady Julia Wombwell and Miss Wombwell # Lady Aline Beaumont, Lord Charles Montagu # Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox # the Earl of March # Lady Angela Forbes # Lord Inchiquin and the Hon. Miss O'Brien # Lord Berkeley Paget and Miss Paget # the Hon. Lady and Miss Ridley # Emily Lady Ampthill # Lady St. Oswald # Lady Wolverton # Lady Musgrave and the Hon. Miss Harbord # Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox # Lady De Trafford # Lady Bulkeley # Lady Hindlip # Lady and Miss Forbes # Lord and Lady Arthur Hill # Lady Tweedmouth # Lord and Lady Balfour of Burleigh # the Dowager Lady Lurgan # Lady Clementine Walsh # Lady Jeune and Miss Stanley # the Hon. Mrs. Maguire # the Hon. Mrs. Corbett # the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Cadogan # the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Marsham Townshend and Miss Eva Hoare # the Hon. Mrs. Charles Hay and Miss Hay # the Hon. Mrs. Charles Cadogan # the Hon. Mrs. George Campbell # the Hon. Humphry and Lady Feodore Sturt # the Hon. Sidney Greville # Admiral the Hon. John Yorke # the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke # the Hon. W. Coventry # the Hon. C. Brownlow # the Hon. Otway and Mrs. Cuffe # the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and Lady and Miss O'Brien # the Lord Mayor of Belfast and Mrs. Pirrie # the Right Hon. G. J. and Mrs. Goschen # Mr. and Lady Emily Van de Weyer # Captain and Lady Jane Van Koughnet # Mr. and Lady Victoria Hamilton # Captain and Lady Sarah Wilson # Mr. and Lady Margaret Loder # Captain the Hon. A. and Mrs. Somerset # Sir Archibald and Lady Edmonstone # Sir Albert Rollit, M.P. # Sir Henry Edwardes # Mr. Algernon Peel # Mr. Seymour Corkran # Sir Charles and Lady Hartopp # Captain and Mrs. Philip Green # Baroness and Miss de Brienen # Mr. and Mrs. Henry White # Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Gordon # Colonel and Mrs. Fludyer # Captain and Mrs. Anstruther Thomson # Mrs. A. Paget # Mr. and Mrs. A. Sassoon # Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Hay # Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Grenfell # Mr. Hatch, M.P. # Mr. and Mrs. Sassoon # Mr. Horace Cadogan # Mr. and Mrs. Claud Hay # Colonel and Miss Crichton # Mrs. Charrington # Mrs. James # Mrs. Cecil Reid and Miss Reid # Mrs. Arthur Wilson and Miss Wilson # Mrs. Charles Wilson and Miss Wilson # Mrs. Molyneux and Miss Dawnay # Mr. and Mrs. Cornwallis West and Miss West # Mr. and Mrs. Coles Child # Mrs. Owen Williams # Mrs. B. Martin # Mrs. Prothero # the Misses Caldwell # Mrs. Hatford Harter # Mrs. Henry Villiers # Mrs. Pease and Miss Pereira # Mrs. Hwfa Williams # Mr. and Mrs. F. Sassoon # Mr. Paley # Mr. Graham Vivian # the Misses Montgomery # Mr. W. Clay # Mrs. and Miss Ritchie # Mr. and Mrs. E. Walter Greene and the Misses Greene # Mr. and Mrs. Helicar and Miss Helicar # Mrs. Hungerford # Mrs. Chute. Major and Mrs. de Freville # Mr. and Mrs. David T. Arnott, Rev. Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Bevan # and many others. The house was beautifully decorated with palms and white flowers, and the Band of the Royal Horse Guards, stationed on the Terrace, played some spirited music during the afternoon. The Royal guests took their departure at four o'clock. The newly-wedded pair left soon afterwards for Castle Rising Hall, King's Lynn, the seat of Sir Horace Farquhar. [Col. 2c / 3a] Lady Sophie Scott went away in a gown of ivory crêpe de chine, the bodice draped with point d'Alençon, caught with pale malmaisons, the tight-fitting sleeves were of rucked I mousseline-de-soie, and the softly hanging skirt was edged with ruches of mousseline and lace insertion. The bride wore a large white hat covered with white feathers. The wedding presents were exhibited in the ball-room, and included a large number of costly jewels. The Prince and Princess of W<small>ALES</small> presented the bride with a diamond aigrette set with two large turquoises. The Princesses V<small>ICTORIA</small> and M<small>AUD</small> sent her a gold bonnet-pin encrusted with diamonds and a large turquoise. The Duke and Duchess of Y<small>ORK</small>'<small>S</small> gift was a gold parasol handle set round with turquoises and diamonds. The Duke and Duchess of F<small>IFE</small> sent four silver dessert baskets. The gems given by the B<small>RIDEGROOM</small> to his bride comprised a superb diamond tiara, a broad diamond collar formed of seven rows of stone, another collar of diamonds and sapphires, a magnificent diamond bracelet, a set of half hoop rings— diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire— and a diamond bow brooch. Sir H<small>ORACE</small> and Lady F<small>ARQUHAR</small> gave a valuable parure of sapphires and diamonds, including a coronet, necklace, bracelet, star, &c. Earl C<small>ADOGAN'S</small> presents to his daughter were a lovely diamond necklace, formed of five bows, with clustered centres and tassels, terminating with large pear-shaped stones, the bows connected by festoons of smaller diamonds; and a magnificent bracelet of emeralds and diamonds Countess C<small>ADOGAN</small> gave her a sapphire and diamond bracelet. Lady L<small>URGAN'S</small> gifts were a diamond butterfly and gold curb bracelet; Viscount C<small>HELSEA</small>, gold-mounted dressing case; the Hons. G<small>ERALD</small>, L<small>EWIN</small>, W<small>ILLIAM</small>, E<small>DWARD</small>, and A<small>LEXANDER</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, diamond locket with crystal centre; Viscountess C<small>HELSEA</small>, a chain bracelet with turquoise and diamond drop; Lord L<small>URGAN</small>, gold-mounted dressing bag. The other gifts to the bride included:— From Princess A<small>DOLPHUS</small> of T<small>ECK</small>, stick with tortoiseshell and gold handle; Prince and Princess E<small>DWARD</small> of S<small>AXE</small>-W<small>EIMAR</small>, a hand-painted photograph screen; Prince and Princess H<small>ENRY</small> of P<small>LESS</small>, large white ostrich feather fan; the Marquis and Marchioness of S<small>ALISBURY</small>, pink enamel pendant watch, set round with pearls, and attached to an enamel bow; the Duke of M<small>ANCHESTER</small>, diamond and sapphire combs; the Marquis and Marchioness of L<small>ONDONDERRY</small>, diamond and turquoise bracelet; the Marquis and Marchioness of Z<small>ETLAND</small>, turquoise and diamond shamrock brooch; the Earl and Countess of C<small>OVENTRY</small>, green enamel and pearl bracelet; the Earl and Countess of D<small>ERBY</small>, bracelet composed of large pearls and diamonds alternately, with pendant heart encrusted with diamonds; the Lord Lieutenant's A<small>IDES</small>-<small>DE</small>-C<small>AMP</small>, inkstand, blotter, and envelope case in tortoiseshell and silver; the Earl of D<small>URHAM</small>, ruby, diamond, and pearl shamrock brooch; the Earl of R<small>OSEBERY</small>, massive silver-mounted mirror; the Right Hon. A. J. B<small>ALFOUR</small>, pair of silver-mounted toilet bottles; G<small>EORGINA</small> Countess of D<small>UDLEY</small>, a pearl and diamond bracelet; Lord and Lady R<small>OTHSCHILD</small>, a lace fan set with monogram in diamonds; the Earl of C<small>HESTERFIELD</small>, a table; the Earl and Countess B<small>ATHURST</small>, an enamel watch; the Earl and Countess of L<small>ATHOM</small>, jewelled hat pin; the Duchess of S<small>UTHERLAND</small>, a silver hunting flask; the Earl and Countess of C<small>RAVEN</small>, a silver looking-glass; the Earl of S<small>UFFOLK</small>, an armchair; the Earl and Countess of A<small>NCASTER</small>, a silver bowl; the Countess of M<small>ACCLESFIELD</small>, a Dresden china coffee set; the Duke and Duchess of W<small>ESTMINSTER</small>, a screen; the Earl of C<small>LARENDON</small>, a pair of cut glass and silver perfume bottles; the Earl and Countess of C<small>ALEDON</small>, a silver bowl; the Earl and Countess of E<small>RNE</small>, a clock; the Earl and Countess of D<small>ALKEITH</small>, a pair of silver candlesticks; the Dowager Countess of C<small>RAVEN</small>, a silver tea set; Sir W<small>ILLIAM</small> and Lady K<small>AYE</small>, a marble-topped writing table; Mr. A<small>LFORD</small>, a table; Sir P<small>ETER</small> and Lady O'B<small>RIEN</small>, hunting crop; Lord H<small>ERBERT</small> V<small>ANE</small>-T<small>EMPEST</small>, tortoiseshell boxes; Mr. and Mrs. A. S<small>ASSOON</small>, a diamond bow brooch; Lady M<small>USGRAVE</small>, a diamond wing brooch; Lord and Lady A<small>RTHUR</small> H<small>ILL</small>, a bezique table; the L<small>ORD</small> C<small>HANCELLOR</small> of I<small>RELAND</small> and Lady A<small>SHBOURNE</small>, a silver cup; Baroness H<small>IRSCH</small>, jewelled fly; Viscount and Viscountess C<small>ASTLEROSSE</small>, a jewelled brooch; Lord and Lady L<small>ANGFORD</small>, a gold curb bracelet set with sapphires and diamonds; the Earl and Countess of A<small>RRAN</small>, a pair of links; the Countess of G<small>OSFORD</small>, a muff chain; the Earl and Countess of E<small>SSEX</small>, a handsome screen; Lord and Lady T<small>WEEDMOUTH</small>, a gold and diamond heart-shaped smelling-bottle; the Right Hon. G<small>ERALD</small> and Lady B<small>ETTY</small> B<small>ALFOUR</small>, set of enamelled buttons; the Ladies D<small>OROTHY</small> and A<small>NNE</small> C<small>OVENTRY</small>, a diamond buckle; Lady C<small>ONSTANCE</small> G<small>ROSVENOR</small>, two jewelled pins; Mr. G<small>EORGE</small> C<small>ORNWALLIS</small> W<small>EST</small>, a jewelled handle for parasol; Mr. P<small>RYOR</small> and the Countess of W<small>ILTON</small>, a miniature snuff-box; Mr. and Mrs. B<small>RADLEY</small> M<small>ARTIN</small>, a gold chain purse set with sapphires and diamonds; Lady H<small>ELEN</small> S<small>TEWART</small> and Lord C<small>ASTLEREAGH</small>, a gold and glass scent-bottle set with pearls and diamonds; Mr. C<small>YRIL</small> F<small>OLEY</small>, a gold, diamond, and turquoise brooch; Miss B<small>LANCHE</small> F<small>ORBES</small>, a gold and diamond pin; Captain D<small>UNDAS</small>, gold case set with diamonds and turquoises; the Duke and Duchess of D<small>EVONSHIRE</small>, a diamond and ruby safety-pin; Lady W<small>OLVERTON</small>, a pearl and diamond brooch; Mr. A<small>LFRED</small> de R<small>OTHSCHILD</small>, a diamond and ruby double horse-shoe brooch; Lord and Lady A<small>LICE</small> S<small>TANLEY</small>, a diamond and enamelled hat-pin; Colonel and Mrs. A<small>RTHUR</small> P<small>AGET</small>, a ruby and diamond bracelet; the Earl of C<small>REWE</small>, a pearl half-hoop bracelet; the Knight of K<small>ERRY</small> and Lady F<small>ITZGERALD</small>, a silver scent-bottle; Viscount and Viscountess D<small>EERHURST</small>, a fan; Lady Victoria H<small>AMILTON</small>, a pair of silver baskets; the Hon. C<small>HARLES</small> C<small>OVENTRY</small>, a torquoise brooch; Viscountess C<small>URZON</small>, a silver box; Mr. A<small>RTHUR</small> V<small>ICARS</small>, a hunting horn and kettle extinguisher; Mrs. C<small>AVENDISH</small> B<small>ENTINCK</small>, a watch; Mr. and Lady E<small>MILY</small> V<small>AN DE</small> W<small>EYER</small>, an inlaid writing-desk and table; Lord and Lady B<small>URTON</small>, a silver bowl; Mr. and Mrs. L<small>EOPOLD DE</small> R<small>OTHSCHILD</small>, a diamond comb for the hair: Mr. E<small>DWARD</small> P<small>ACKE</small>, a diamond heart-shaped locket on chain: Mr. and Mrs. F. S<small>ASSOON</small>, six silver shell-shaped salt cellars; Mr. and Lady B<small>ETTY</small> B<small>ALFOUR</small>, a pair of links; Mr. C<small>HARLES</small> B<small>ALFOUR</small>, set of enamelled pins; the Hon. L<small>EWIN</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a scent bottle and Prayer-book; the Hon. A<small>LEXANDER</small> P<small>ARKER</small>, a driving whip; Lady H<small>ELEN</small> C<small>RAVEN</small>, a silver pepper castor; Viscountess M<small>ARSHAM</small> and Mrs. P. G<small>REEN</small>, a fishing rod; Colonel and Mrs. C<small>ORNWALLIS</small> W<small>EST</small>, a parasol; Mr. and Mrs. C<small>HARLES</small> W<small>ILSON</small>, a gold necklace with diamond and turquoise drops; Mr. A. S<small>PIERS</small> and Lady A<small>NNE</small> S<small>PIERS</small>, a pair of silver lyre candlesticks; Lord A<small>LEXANDER</small> P<small>AGET</small>, a gold-topped toilet bottle; Mrs. P<small>ALEY</small>, a silver inkstand; the Countess of E<small>NNISKILLEN</small>, a tortoiseshell and gold toilet bottle; Mr. J<small>AMES</small> M<small>ANSFIELD</small>, a silver snuff box; Miss K<small>ATHLEEN</small> S<small>COTT</small>, silver bonbon tray; Sir F<small>RANCIS</small> and Lady J<small>EUNE</small>, a tortoiseshell pen tray with silver figure; Mr. A<small>RTHUR</small> P<small>ALEY</small>, a silver powder puff box; Lord R<small>OWTON</small>, an old silver flask; E<small>MILY</small> Lady A<small>MPTHILL</small>, a tortoiseshell and silver-mounted clock; Viscount B<small>RACKLEY</small>, a glass specimen case; Mr. and Mrs F. S<small>ANDFORD</small>, an old French ormolu clock; Mr. O<small>SBERT</small> C<small>RAVEN</small>, a carriage clock; the R<small>ECORDER</small> of D<small>UBLIN</small>, a fine old Irish lace collar; the S<small>OLICITOR</small>-G<small>ENERAL</small> of I<small>RELAND</small> and Mrs. K<small>ENNY</small>, an antique silver clock; Miss C<small>LARE</small> O'B<small>RIEN</small>, a silver stamp-box; Lord H<small>ENRY</small> V<small>ANE</small>-T<small>EMPEST</small>, a silver-mounted writing set, with pair of silver candlesticks; the Rev. G. B<small>LUNT</small>, two silver muffineers; Mrs. J<small>OHN</small> W<small>OODFORD</small>, Venetian glass toilet bottle; Lord and Lady B<small>URTON</small>, a silver-gilt bowl with cover; Mr. C<small>LAUDE</small> Y<small>ORKE</small>, two silver-mounted photo frames; Mr. and Mrs. J. B. D<small>OUGHETY</small>, a large silver and glass toilet bottle; the L<small>ORD</small> M<small>AYOR</small> of B<small>ELFAST</small> and Mrs. P<small>IRRIE</small>, a beautiful Irish embroidered handkerchief; Lady H<small>INDLlP</small>, worktable requisites in crystal casket; M<small>EMBERS</small> of the I<small>RISH</small> I<small>NDUSTRIAL</small> S<small>OCIETY</small>, beautiful lace handkerchiefs; Mrs. O<small>PPENHEIM</small>, a silver-gilt mounted blotting book; L<small>ILY</small> Duchess of M<small>ARLBOROUGH</small> and Lord W<small>ILLIAM</small> B<small>ERESFORD</small>, four tall silver candlesticks; Colonel and Mrs. F<small>LUDYER</small>, a silver-gilt and glass toilet bottle; Mr. and Lady B<small>ARBARA</small> S<small>MITH</small>, an antique covered silver tankard; Mr. B<small>ATES</small> V<small>AN DE</small> W<small>EYER</small>, four silver bonbon baskets; the Marchioness of H<small>ASTINGS</small>, a silver-mounted photo frame; Miss C<small>HEYWYND</small>, a silver heart-shaped box; Colonel F<small>ORESTER</small>, two silver dessert baskets; Mr. and Mrs. A<small>RTHU</small>R L<small>IDDELL</small>, an antique silver box; Lord and Lady A<small>MPTHILL</small>, sealing-wax holder and seal; Lady C<small>AROLINE</small> G<small>ORDON</small>-L<small>ENNOX</small>, a painted glass flower vase; Miss F<small>ARQUHARSON</small> and Miss E<small>LO</small> F<small>ARQUHARSON</small>, a china parrot; Mr. C<small>ECIL</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a carriage clock; E<small>VELYN</small> Countess of C<small>RAVEN</small>, an old silver box; Mr. A<small>LFRED</small> O<small>PPENHEIM</small>, a French gilt clock; [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss M<small>URIEL</small> W<small>ILSON</small>]], books (7 vols.); Lady B<small>ULKELEY</small>, a pair of old china ornaments; Lord and Lady I<small>VEAGH</small>, a Russian table clock mounted in gold and enamel; Lady E<small>DITH</small> F<small>RANKLIN</small>, a silver-mounted toilet bottle; Miss A<small>GAR</small>, a pocket Prayer-book in case; Mr. F<small>RANK</small> M<small>ILDMAY</small>, a silver carriage clock; Mr. and Mrs. E<small>WAN</small> N<small>EPEAN</small>, a small silver sauce boat; Miss W<small>ILSON</small>, book-markers; Mr. J. B. L<small>EIGH</small>, a basket pincushion; Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. B<small>AILLIE</small> of Dochfour, a pair of china parrots; General and Mrs. O<small>WEN</small> W<small>ILLIAMS</small>, a Chinese figure; Mr. T<small>HOMAS</small> B<small>ARING</small>, four china figures; Mr. and Lady V<small>IOLET</small> B<small>RASSEY</small>, an inlaid tortoiseshell box; the Hon. Mrs. C<small>ORBETT</small>, a tortoiseshell purse; Lady E<small>VELYN</small> C<small>OTTERELL</small>, a hand-painted glass bowl; the Hon. A<small>RTHUR</small> and Mrs. C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a pair of silver candlesticks; Miss M<small>ARGARET</small> V<small>AN DE</small> W<small>EYER</small>, a silver pen and pencil in case; Mr. R<small>AYMOND</small> G<small>REER</small>, six turquoise and gold buttons; Lady l<small>SOBEL</small> S<small>TANLEY</small>, green and gold etui case; the Dowager Lady L<small>URGAN</small>, a pair of silver fruit dishes; Chevalier <small>DE</small> S<small>OUZA</small> C<small>ORREA</small>, inlaid box; Mr. W<small>ILLIAM</small> Y<small>OUNG</small>, four silver salt-cellars; Lord A<small>NNALY</small>, a round silver clock; Viscountess H<small>OOD</small>, an antique painting in oval frame; Mr. and Mrs. L<small>AUNCELOT</small> L<small>OWTHER</small>, an old two-handled silver cup; Hon. Mrs. G<small>ERVASE</small> B<small>ECKETT</small>, writing table clock in silver-mounted case; V<small>ICTORIA</small> Countess of Y<small>ARBOROUGH</small>, a silver-mounted mirror; Miss E<small>NID</small> W<small>ILSON</small>, green photo frame; Mr. H<small>ORACE</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, gold and coral mounted scent-bottle; Countess D<small>EYM</small>, a small silver coffee pot; Mr. and Mrs. M<small>ARSHAM</small> T<small>OWNSHEND,</small> a silver-mounted magnifying glass; Colonel O<small>LIPHANT</small>, an oval enamelled box; Lady H<small>ELEN</small> C<small>RAVEN</small>, a silver saucepan; the Earl and Countess of R<small>OSSE</small>, a large enamelled casket; the M<small>ANAGER</small> of the R<small>OYAL</small> I<small>RISH</small> S<small>CHOOL</small> of A<small>RT</small> N<small>EEDLEWORK</small>, two beautifully worked covers; Lady M. C<small>RICHTON</small>-M<small>AITLAND</small> and Miss C<small>RICHTON</small>-M<small>AITLAND</small>, a pair of silver and glass bottles; Major and the Hon. Mrs. S<small>TIRLING</small>, a pair of silver piano candlesticks; Mr. H<small>ENRY</small> P<small>ARKER</small>, a chased silver toilet box; Countess H<small>OWE</small>, a tortoiseshell letter rack; Miss T<small>HORNHILL</small>, an enamelled box; Mr. R. C<small>RAVE</small>N, a coin-handled paper knife; Lady S<small>YKES</small>, an antique brass and marble inkstand; the Marquis and Marchioness of BATH, a silver card tray; Vicount N<small>EWPORT</small>, a silver heart-shaped stamp box; Mr. A<small>LGERNON</small> P<small>EEL</small>, silver and tortoiseshell paper knife in pink shagreen case; Mr. C<small>ORKRAN</small>, a pair of tortoise-shell and silver-mounted candlesticks; Sir W<small>ILLIAM</small> E<small>DEN</small>, an antique enamelled bracelet; [[Social Victorians/People/Holden|Mr. H<small>ENRY</small> H<small>OLDEN</small>]], a shamrock photo frame; the G<small>IRLS'</small> F<small>RIENDLY</small> S<small>OCIETY'S</small> C<small>HELSEA</small> C<small>LUB</small>, a pair of silver fruit baskets; the Earl of M<small>ARCH</small>, a silver-mounted leather casket; Lady Margaret L<small>ODER</small>, a silver cream jug and sugar basin; the Duke and Duchess of A<small>BERCORN</small>, Japanese box for counters; Mr. O<small>TWA</small>Y C<small>UFFE</small>, an antique silver box; the Countess P<small>OWIS</small>, a silver-gilt photo frame; Lady R<small>IDLEY</small>, a set of antique paste buttons: Mrs. N<small>ORTON</small>, a silver stamp case and porte-monnaie; Mr.C. D<small>ALISON</small>, a silver pin tray; Earl and Countess C<small>ADOGAN'S</small> H<small>OUSEHOLD</small>, silver inkstand and candlestick; Mr. W. C<small>OVENTRY</small>, a card table; the WOMEN on the C<small>ULFORD</small> E<small>STATE</small>, a silver wine cooler; the G<small>AMEKEEPERS</small> on the C<small>ULFORD</small> E<small>STATE</small>, a sporting seat; Mr. and Mrs. W<small>HEELER</small>, a wine bin; the Earl and Countess of W<small>ESTMORLAND,</small> a silver-mounted stick; Captain F<small>EILDEN</small>, umbrella, with pencil; Viscount and Viscountess F<small>OLKESTONE</small>, a parasol; Lord and Lady A<small>LGERNON</small> G<small>ORDON</small>-L<small>ENNOX</small>, an umbrella; Sir C<small>HARLES</small> and Lady H<small>ARTOPP</small>, an umbrella; Viscountess H<small>ELMSLEY</small>, an umbrella; Colonel and Mrs. C<small>ORNWALLIS</small> W<small>EST</small>, an umbrella; the Marchioness of H<small>EADFORT,</small> a gold-handled umbrella; Lord and Lady G<small>ERARD</small>, a pale blue silk and gold-handled sunshade; Mr. and Mrs P<small>ERCY</small> W<small>YNDHAM</small>, old white and gold china tea set; the P<small>EOPLE</small> of N<small>ORHT</small> [sic] H<small>ARRIS</small>, a length of Harris tweed; Sir R and Lady M. B<small>ULKELEY</small>, a bookstand; Mrs. W. L<small>AWSON</small>, a hand-painted fan; Viscount and Viscountess D<small>EERHURST</small>, a fan; Captain and Lady S<small>ARAH</small> W<small>ILSON</small>, a natural ostrich feather fan; Lord and Lady G<small>LENESK</small>, a fan; the Earl of S<small>EFTON</small>, a marqueterie and ormolu [Col. 3c / 4a] table; Miss N<small>AYLOR</small>, an old hand-painted fan; Miss <small>DE</small> B<small>RIENEN</small> and Miss Daisy <small>DE</small> B<small>RIENEN</small>, an old jewelled fan; Mr. H<small>ORACE</small> P<small>LUNKETT</small>, a fan; Mr. O<small>LIPHANT</small>, an oval glass-topped table; Mr. G<small>RIMSTON</small>, four silver bonbon dishes in case; the Earl and Countess of L<small>ISTOWEL</small>, a small table; the Earl and Countess of K<small>ILMOREY</small>, a green leather revolving bookcase; Lord and Lady A<small>RTHUR</small> H<small>ILL</small>, a card table; the Earl of H<small>AREWOOD</small>, a green blotter and letter case; Lord N<small>ORREYS</small>, two silver ice pails; [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. A<small>RTHUR</small> W<small>ILSON</small>]], an embroidered footstool; the C<small>HELSEA</small> G<small>IRLS'</small> C<small>LUB</small>, an embroidered afternoon teacloth; Lady A<small>SHBURTON</small> and Miss B<small>RASSEY</small>, an ormulu and marble- topped table; Viscountess D<small>OWNE</small>, an inlaid Indian stool; the Countess of P<small>ORTARLINGTON</small>, a green leather bag; Mrs. C<small>HAINE</small>, a set of pale blue enamelled and gold spoons; Mr. and Mrs. D. C<small>OOPER</small>, four silver bottle stands; the Rev. E. S<small>YMONDS</small>, books; Lady H<small>ONORIA</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a Prayer-book and salts-bottle; Mr. and Mrs. W<small>ALTER</small> G<small>REEN</small>, silver basin; Mr. and Mrs. B<small>ONYNGE</small>, an embroidered blotter; the M<small>OTHERS'</small> U<small>NION</small>, a pair of silver-gilt midget photo frames; the Earl and Countess of H<small>UNTINGDON</small>, china and silver tea set; Miss V<small>AN DE</small> W<small>EYER</small>, silver photo screen; Lady M<small>URIEL</small> P<small>ARSONS</small>, antique silver ornament; Mrs. C<small>HARLES</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a silver box; Miss K. G<small>REENE</small>, book in worked cover; Sir C<small>HARLES</small> H<small>ALL</small>, set of antique silver ornaments; Lady C<small>OLEBROOKE</small>, six diamond and enamel buttons; Lord and Lady S<small>ETTRINGTON</small>, silver pincushion; Mr. J<small>AMES</small> L<small>OWTHER</small>, silver bell; Miss E<small>VA</small> H<small>OARE,</small> silver bird; Captain and Lady J<small>ANE</small> V<small>AN</small> K<small>AUGHNET</small>, two silver baskets; Miss T<small>HORNEWILL</small> and Miss J<small>ANE</small> T<small>HORNEWILL</small>, large silver bowl; Mrs. C<small>ECIL</small> R<small>EID</small>, a silver paper knife; Mr. C<small>ARYL</small> C<small>RAVEN</small>, a turquoise and gold bangle; the Hon. J. and Mrs. Y<small>ORKE</small>, pearl and gold bar brooch: Major and Mrs. <small>DE</small> T<small>RAVILLE</small>, a gold fox brooch; Sir H<small>ENRY</small> E<small>DWARDS</small>, a gold box; Mrs. C<small>HARLES</small> B<small>ALFOUR</small>, two jewelled pins; the Hon. Mrs. M<small>AGUIRE</small>, a diamond and ruby brooch; Captain J. O<small>RR</small>-E<small>WING</small>, enamel and pearl chain; Mr. and Mrs. G<small>EORGE</small> M<small>ORRIS</small>, an antique gold and pearl brooch; Lord and Lady A<small>LINGTON</small>, a gold box; Lady Mary C<small>URRIE</small>, a gold and jewelled chain; Captain H<small>EDWORTH</small> L<small>AMBTON</small>, a pair of links. The Bridegroom's presents included:— From the B<small>RIDE</small>, a pearl and diamond pin; Earl C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a gold snuff box of exquisite workmanship; Countess C<small>ADOGAN</small>, an ormolu reading lamp; Lady F<small>ARQUHAR</small>, silver tantalus on table; Viscount C<small>RICHTON</small>, four silver pierced dessert dishes; the Marquis of L<small>ONDONDERRY</small>, a silver cigar box; Lady E<small>DMONSTONE</small>, set of writing-table requisites; Miss P<small>ACKE</small>, silver inkstand and calendar; Mr. A<small>LFRED</small> C<small>OOPER</small>, a cigarette holder in case; Colonel P<small>ERCY</small>, a walking-stick; Colonel L<small>ARKING</small>, a bookcase; Mr. and Mrs. C<small>AMPBELL</small>, a silver inkpot; Sir R<small>OBERT</small> M<small>ONCREIFFE</small>, a silver-crest letter-weight; the Marquis C<small>AMDEN</small>, a pair of links; the Duchess of S<small>UTHERLAND</small>, a knife on chain; Mr T. B<small>ROWN</small>, a hunting crop; Mr. W. H. G<small>REEN</small>, a silver butterfly letter-clip; Mr. and Mrs. L<small>ENNARD</small>, an antique silver box; Mr. G<small>ODFREY</small> H<small>ESELTINE</small>, a silver shaving-pot; Lady <small>DE</small> T<small>RAFFORD</small>, a gold and diamond match-box; Mr. K<small>ENNET</small> [sic] W<small>ILSON</small>, a gun-metal match-box; Mr. F. B. M<small>ILLER</small>, four silver-mounted decanters; Miss P<small>EREIRA</small>, a walking-stick; Mrs. G<small>EORGE</small> F<small>ORBES</small>, a snake seal; Mr. A. R. H<small>AY</small>, a blotter; Mr. and Mrs. W. H<small>OARE</small>, a writing set and case; Mr. S<small>TEPHEN</small> W<small>OMBWELL</small>, a carriage clock; Lieutenant- General H<small>ANKEY</small>, a gold pencil case; Lord H<small>ERBERT</small> V<small>ANE</small>-T<small>EMPEST</small>, a silver cigar box; Lord D<small>UNSANDLE</small>, two silver candlesticks; Mr. J. B. L<small>EIGH</small>, a silver cigar case; Viscountess M<small>ARSHAM</small> and Mrs. P<small>HILIP</small> G<small>REEN</small>, a pair of silver candlesticks; Mr. E. L<small>EVESON</small>-G<small>OWER</small>, a marble clock; Mr. P<small>REDDY</small> M<small>ENZIES</small>, a silver and enamel cigarette case and match-box; Mr. R<small>EUBEN</small> S<small>ASSOON</small>, a gold-topped cane; Mr. and Mrs. W. J<small>AMES</small>, four gold and enamel spoons; Sir R<small>ALPH</small> and Lady F<small>LORENCE</small> H<small>ARE</small>, four heart- shaped ash trays; Mr. and Lady A<small>LINE</small> B<small>EAUMONT</small>, walking-stick with tortoiseshell handle; Mr. J. P. M<small>ILBANKE</small>, case containing "Bradshaw," "A. B. C," &c.; Viscount M<small>ARSHAM</small>, a gold-mounted cane with pencil in handle; Mr. and Mrs. C<small>LEMENT</small> S<small>ATTERTHWAITE</small>, a silver cigarette case; Mr. A. E. B<small>URNABY</small>, a silver inkstand with clock on lid; Mr. H<small>UNGERFORD</small>, a silver shaving-pot; Lord and Lady S<small>TRATHEDEN</small> and C<small>AMPBELL</small>, a silver cigarette case; Mr. H. S<small>T</small>. D'A<small>ETH</small>, a silver cigar case; Mr. and Mrs. A<small>RTHUR</small> H<small>AY</small>, a double silver inkstand; Messrs. J<small>ONES</small>, walking-stick; Captain V<small>ILLERS [sic]</small>, a silver cigar cutter and lighter; Captain R<small>ICARDO</small>, a silver box; Captain and Mrs. G<small>ERALD</small> F<small>ITZ</small>G<small>ERALD</small>, a silver match- box; the Countess of R<small>OMNEY</small>, a silver cigarette case; Captain and Mrs. A<small>LFRED</small> J<small>OHNES</small>, a silver inkstand; Captain and Mrs. A<small>RTHUR</small> S<small>OMERSET</small>, a set of antique spoons; Mr. H. F. S<small>COTT</small>, a pair of diamond links; Baron M<small>AX DE</small> T<small>UYLL</small>, an antique china box; Mrs. W. H. G<small>REENFELL</small>, a pencil case: Mr. E<small>RNEST</small> H<small>ATCH</small>, a silver tea-caddy; Mr. E. P<small>ACKE</small>, a double silver inkstand; the Misses C<small>ALDWELL</small>, a silver-mounted telegram form book; Captain P<small>HILIP</small> G<small>REEN</small>, a weather glass; Mr. R<small>ALPH</small> L<small>AMBTON</small>, a luncheon case; Mr. L<small>EONARD</small> B<small>RASSEY</small>, a gold match-box; Mr. E. S. J<small>OHNES</small>, two silver ash trays; Mr. A<small>LGERNON</small> P<small>EEL</small> and Mr. V<small>ICTOR</small> C<small>ORKRAN</small>, a silver sandwich case; Captain the Hon. E. D<small>AWSON</small>, weather glass; Mrs. C<small>HARRINGTON</small>, a cigarette case; Mr. J. S. F<small>ORBES</small>, a gold seal with pencil; Messrs. C<small>OMYNS</small> and S<small>ONS</small>, a blotting book; Mr. C. P. B<small>UCKWORTH</small>, two silver ash trays; the Duke of M<small>ARLBOROUGH</small>, a silver inkstand; Lord and Lady W<small>ILLIAM</small> N<small>EVILL</small>, a silver-mounted blotting-book; Mr. E. B. C<small>HARTERIS</small>, a knife; Mr. and Mrs. A<small>LISTAIR</small> H<small>AY</small>, four silver pepper castors in the shape of dice; Mr. H<small>ATFIELD</small> H<small>ARTER</small>, a paper knife; the T<small>ENANTRY</small> at North Harris, a dressing bag; the Estate and House S<small>ERVANTS</small>, G<small>AMEKEEPERS</small>, and G<small>ILLIES</small> at North Harris, a deer's-foot inkstand, mounted in silver; the Household and Estate S<small>ERVANTS</small> at Sundridge Park, a silver kettle; Mr. H. M<small>ELLIDEW</small>, a knife; the C<small>HAPLAIN</small> to the Royal Horse Guards, a pair of silver candlesticks; Mr. and Mrs. L<small>EOPOLD</small> R<small>OTHSCHILD</small>, a pair of silver candlesticks; Captain the Hon. R and Mrs. G<small>REVILLE</small>, a pair of silver candlesticks; Mr. A. S<small>ASSOON</small>, a gold-mounted stick; Mr. and Mrs. A. B<small>OURKE</small>, a print; Mr. C<small>LAUDE</small> H<small>AY</small>, a silver box; the T<small>RADESPEOPLE</small> at Bromley, a silver teapot, &c.; Mr. E<small>GREMONT</small> M<small>ILLS</small>, a book; Colonel R<small>OWNEY</small>, a pencilcase; Captain the Hon. G. F<small>ORESTER</small>, a silver-mounted glass jug; Dr. B<small>URNEY</small> Y<small>EO</small>, a bezique box; Mrs. H<small>AMMOND</small>, a knife; the Hon. B. B<small>ATHURST</small>, a silver box; Mr. B<small>ROWN</small>, a hunting crop; the Hon. G<small>ERALD</small> C<small>ADOGAN</small>, a gold-mounted stick; the Hon. A<small>RTHUR</small> C<small>OVENTRY</small>, a gold and tortoiseshell-handled stick; Earl C<small>OWLEY</small>, a gold-mounted stick; Captain and Mrs. A. S<small>OMERSET</small>, six antique spoons in case; Major B<small>YNG</small>, a silver shaving-pot; Mr. T. B. M<small>ILLER</small>, four silver-mounted claret jugs; Mr. and Mrs. C<small>OLES</small> C<small>HILD</small>, a glass and silver match-stand; Mr. H<small>UBERT</small> E<small>ATON</small>, a silver-mounted blotter; the Hon. D<small>UDLEY</small> M<small>ARJORIBANKS</small>, an antique silver casket; Mr. and Mrs. J. P<small>EASE</small>, six books; Mr. F. P<small>AYNE</small> and Mr. J. H. L<small>EPPER</small>, a silver inkstand.<ref>"Marriage of Sir Samuel Scott and Lady Sophie Cadogan." ''Morning Post'' 30 June 1896 Tuesday: 4 [of 12], Cols. 2a–4b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18960630/029/0004.</ref> </blockquote> ==July 1896== On 4 July 1896 in ''The Queen'', an article begins, "On Monday last Dr Doyle, who is as much beloved by his friends as by his readers, was entertained at a banquet by his fellow-members of the Authors Club" (Orel 135). Doyle gave a speech at that banquet, which the article reprints. ===2 July 1896, Thursday=== The 5 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The date of the promised revival of Marlow's ''Doctor Faustus'' is fixed for Thursday evening, July 2, when the performance will be given before members of the Elizabethan Stage Society and their friends at St. George's Hall. Marlowe's tragedy differs from Goethe's in this, among other things, that Marlowe wrote, as Goethe could not, in the firm belief in the possibility of the situations he created."<ref>"Table Talk." The ''Literary World'', 5 June 1896 (Vol. 53): 533, col. 2. ''Google Books''.</ref> === 3 July 1896, Friday === Mrs. Goschen's Dance<blockquote>Mrs. Goschen's dance at the Admiralty last night was a great success. Among the guests were the Duchess of Buccleuch and the Ladies Scott, Captain Jedina, Captain Gulich, [[Social Victorians/People/Hadik|Count Hadik]], Count de Pontavice, M. de la Chaussée, the Lord Chancellor and the Hon. Evelyn Giffard, the Earl of Clanwilliam and the ladies Meade, Earl Granville, the Countess of Belmore and Lady Winifred Corry, the Earl of Donoughmore, the Earl of Eldon and Lady Louisa Scott, the Countess of Dunmore and Lady Victoria Murray, Earl Waldegrave and Lady Mary Waldegrave, and a large contingent of "dancing men."<ref>"Mrs. Goschen's Dance." ''St James's Gazette'' 04 July 1896 Saturday: 13 [of 16], Col. 1b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18960704/057/0013.</ref></blockquote> ===4 July 1896, Saturday=== The 26 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "We understand that one of the principal features of the performance of Marlowe's Doctor Faustus will be the introduction of the Seven Deadly Sins, the designs for which have been taken from engravings belonging to the sixteenth century, and found in the print rom of the British Museum. The first and last parts of the play will reproduce in colour and costume the university life of Marlowe's day. The middle part of the play, the one most difficult for a stage manager to cope with, will consist of tableaux showing Faustus on his travels, and giving living pictures of the Feast of St. Peter, introducing the picturesque incident of the curse with 'bell, book, and candle'; the banquet at the court of Charles V.; and the Flight of Faustus, in his chariot drawn by yoked dragons, 'to scale Olympus top.' In consequence of the heavy expense attending each representation of the play, there will be only one public performance, that on the afternoon of July 4. Mr. Arnold Dolmetsch will supply the music."<ref>"Table Talk." The ''Literary World'', 26 June 1896 (Vol. 53): 604, col. 2. Google Books.</ref> ===13 July 1896, Monday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] attended a Garden Party at Buckingham Palace given by Queen Victoria. Several thousand people were there, it looks like (1896-07-14 Morning Post). ===16 July 1896, Thursday=== The 19 June 1896 ''Literary World'' reports the following: "The idea of Ladies' Dinners seems to have caught on in clubland. A dinner is to be given to Mrs. Hodgson Burnett by the Authors' Club on July 16, and as the accommodation at the Club-house is neither suitable nor adequate, the dinner will be held in the King's Hall of the Holborn Restaurant. Members may take as many guests as they like, either ladies or gentlemen."<ref>"Table Talk." The ''Literary World'', 19 June 1896 (Vol. 53): 581, col. 3. ''Google Books''.</ref> ==August 1896== Sometime in August 1896 Lady Gregory met William Butler Yeats (I got this from Wade?). August 1896, the steamer the ''Norse King'' was to take scientists and tourists to the Varanger Fjord to view the solar eclipse. At least in the planning, as reported in January 1896, "The official observers of the joint committee of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society have arranged to go by the Norse King. Among those on board will be Dr. A. Common, president of the Royal Astronomical Society, and Sir Robert Ball, who has consented to deliver a series of three lecture on the eclipse while the steamer is in the Varanger Fjord." (From a "special announcement," quoted in "Table Talk," The Literary World (3 Januray 1896), vol. 53, p. 13 [accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books].) === 5 August 1896 === The ''Gentlewoman'' describes the wedding of the Hon. Terence Bourke and Miss Eveline Haines:<blockquote>The Hon. Terence Bourke to Miss Eveline Haines. A smart and very pretty ceremony came off in St. Andrew's Church, Westminster, on the 5th inst., on the occasion of the marriage of the Hon. Terence Bourke, son of the late Earl of Mayo, Viceroy of India, with Miss Eveline Haines, daughter of the late Colonel Haines, of Hasketon Manor, Woodbridge. The bride, who was given away by her brother, Captain Haines, York and Lancaster Regiment, was attended by two pages, Master Dicky and Master Valentine Wyndham Quin, in picturesque white and mauve shirts with knee breeches. The five bridesmaids, Miss Mercy Barnes, Miss Robertson, Miss Powell, Miss Constance Mure, and Miss Edith Dods, were prettily gowned in white muslin trimmed with Valenciennes, and wore large white picture hats. Their presents from the bridegroom were gold chains with enamel hearts; the pages' gifts being gold and enamel sleeve links. The rites were solemnised by the Rev. and Hon. George Bourke, Chaplain to the Queen; and Lieut. Cyril Sloane Stanley, 1st Life Guards, supported Mr. Bourke as best man. After the ceremony Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Robertson, uncle and aunt of the bride, held a large reception at Willis's Rooms, amongst those accepting invitations to be present being the Dowager Countess of Mayo, the Earl and Countess of Mayo, Lady Florence Bourke, the Marchioness of Queensberry, Lord Leconfield, Lady Leconfield, Lord and Lady Milton, the Countess of Bective, Major and Lady Eva Wyndham Quin, Lord and Lady Connemara, General the Hon. John Bourke, the Hon. Gerald and Lady Maria Ponsonby, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke, the Hon. Percy and Mrs. Wyndham, Mr. Wilfrid and Lady Anne Blunt, Miss Blunt, the Earl and Countess of Roden, Lord and Lady Henry Bentinck, Lord and Lady Douglas, Sir Owen and Lady Agnes Burne, Captain Haines, Master W. Haines, Mrs. and the Misses Dods, Captain and Mrs. Dods, Mr. and Mrs. Powell, Mrs. and Miss Benest, Mr. and Mrs. Ribton, Mr. Erskine and Miss D. Ribton, Captain and Mrs. Inglis, Colonel the Hon. and Mrs. Hubbard, Admiral and Mrs. Saumerez, Mr. and Mrs. B. N. Everard, Mrs. and Miss Drummond, Lady Stawell, &c. In the afternoon the Hon. Terence and Mrs. Bourke took their departure for Paultons, Lieutenant Stanley's place in the New Forest, kindly lent for the honeymoon. The bride left London in a dainty heliotrope canvas costume over white silk, trimmed with white embroidered lisse and [Col. 2c / 3a] chiffon, and a big picture hat arranged with white feathers and purple irises. The presents, which were very numerous, included: — From bridegroom to bride, diamond tiara, topaz, and diamond necklace, bangle, diamond and ruby ring, ruby ring, fan, stamp album. &c. Mr. Herbert Robertson. M.P., 200 guineas. Mrs. Robertson, silver coffee pot. Miss Robertson and Masters Manning and Nevile Robertson, silver spoons. Captain Haines, silver tea tray, tea pot, sugar basin, and milk jug. The Dowager Countess of Mayo, diamond and turquoise necklace. The Earl and Countess of Mayo, turquoise necklace. Lady Leconfield, pearl, sapphire, and ruby bracelet. Miss E. Dods, pearl bracelet. Lady Eva Wyndham Quin, diamond and sapphire brooch. Lady Florence Bourke, amethyst bangle. The [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], enamel muff chain. Hon. Harry Bourke, cheque. Hon. Edward Bourke, cheque. Hon. J. Bourke, cheque. Lord Connemara, cheque. Mrs. Dods, cheque. Mr. and Mrs. Powell, silver looking-glass. Mrs. Benest, clock. Master Haines, butter dish. Miss M. Haines, cream jug. Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Louis XV. clock. The Hon. Percy and Mrs. Wyndham, pearl and emerald chain and pendant. Marchioness of Queensberry, crown Derby snuff box. Lady Leconfield, silver tea pot. Major and Lady Eva Wyndham Quin, coffee pot and milk pot. Countess of Bective, turquoise and pearl pin. Earl and Countess of Mayo, carriage clock. Lord and Lady Henry Bentinck, gold pencil case. Sir John and Lady Constance Leslie, flower stand. Mr. Wilfrid Blunt, two Arab mares. Sir Raymond and Lady Burrell, Battersea enamel snuff box. Lord Leconfield, cheque £100, &c, &c.<ref>"The Hon. Terence Bourke to Miss Eveline Haines." ''Gentlewoman'' 15 August 1896, Saturday: 24 [of 54], Col. 2b–3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18960815/128/0024. Print p. 232.</ref></blockquote> === 19 August 1896, Wednesday === Queen Victoria was at Osborne, accompanied by Princess Henry of Battenberg and the Hon. Frances Drummond, and then also Countess Feodore Gleichen. The dinner party Wednesday night also included people who were at Cowes for the yachting:<blockquote>Her Majesty's dinner party last evening included Captain Acland, her Majesty's ship Australia, guardship at Cowes, and the Hon. Mrs. Acland, Mrs. Lawrence Drummond, [[Social Victorians/People/Young|Sir Allen Young, C.B.]], and Major Strong, 2nd Battalion Scottish Rifles.<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 20 August 1896 Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18960820/072/0005.</ref></blockquote> ===31 August 1896, Monday=== Summer Bank Holiday ==September 1896== ==October 1896== ===31 October 1896, Saturday=== Halloween. ==November 1896== === 2 November 1896, Monday === The ''Black and White'' hosted a dinner to welcome Special Artist Charles M. Sheldon back from the Soudan:<blockquote>MR. CHARLES M. SHELDON, ''Black and White''<nowiki/>'s Special Artist, received a welcome back from the Soudan at a dinner presided over by the editor and attended by the directors and other officers of the journal, as well as by a large company, including: Messrs. Angus Evan Abbott, A. H. Beaman, A. S. Boyd, F. Whelan Boyle, J. MacLaren Cobban, Oscar Eckhardt, James Greig, Bernard F. Gribble, Paul Hardy, A. S. Hartrick, Lewis Hind, G. Kenealy, A. L. Lazarus, T. J. Lipton, G. G. Manton, Gilbert Marks, G. E. Matheson, F. Frankfort Moore, J. M. Munro, Henry Norman, Barry Pain, R. B. M. Paxton, Ernest Prater, W. Pett Ridge, Charles Robinson, [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Clarence Rook]], R. Savage, J. A. Shepherd, Alexander Stuart, E. J. Sullivan, Adolf Thirde [?], Enoch Ward, and Edgar Wilson. Letters of apology were intimated from Messrs. J. H. Bacon, Robert Barr, H. Brown, L. Cope Cornford, J. Finnemore, H. W. Massingham, Arthur Morrison, W. Mudford, H. H. S. Pearse, Eden Phillpotts, G. E. Webster, H. G. Wells, H. Seppings-Wright [?], &c., &c. The Chairman proposed the health of Mr. Sheldon, a toast which was honoured with enthusiasm, and the guest ot the evening, in a characteristically modest speech, urged that campaigning was its own reward, though it was enhanced by such a welcome home as had been accorded him. During the night members of the company furnished songs and stories, Mr. Sheldon contributing two notable items to the programme — ''Drill ye tarriers'', an Irish ditty which has, through his instrumentality, become the chief marching song of the Egyptian Army, and ''Black Lulu'', a genuine negro melody.<ref name=":0">"Welcome Back from the Soudan." ''Black and White'' 07 November 1896, Saturday: 9 [of 35], Cols. 1a, 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004617/18961107/029/0009. Print p. 587.</ref>{{rp|Col. 1a}}</blockquote> The menu for the dinner was printed in the paper because of the puns on North Africa: * Hors d'oeuvre en Pyramide * Consomé à la Pacha * Purée à la Derviche * Sole à la Noir et Blanc * Filet de boeuf à la Sirdar Kitchener * Galatine de Chapon à la Sphinx * Faisan en Casserole à la Victoria * Salade Égyptienne * Souflé à la Khedive * Bombe à la Dongola * Petit fours Osman Digna * Fromage du Nile * Dessert à la Kartoum<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 2b}} ===5 November 1896, Thursday=== Guy Fawkes Day === 1896 November 6, Friday === The Prince's Club ice-skating rink opened:<blockquote>The building specially constructed at Knightsbridge for the purposes of a skating rink will be formally opened to-morrow. Yesterday the managers invited their friends to a private view of the premises, erected on ground formerly occupied by an oilcloth factory and saw mill. Stoppani's system, which has been in operation for several years at the Palais de Glace and the Pole Nord in Paris, has been adopted, and the sheet of ice, 200ft. long by 50ft. wide, is as perfect as the most fastidious skater could desire. The building is light and airy, and is illuminated at night by arc lamps. M. Olivier Pichat has superintended the decoration of the walls, on which are painted scenes of the Thames, Nile, and Ganges. Among the committee of the club are the [[Social Victorians/People/Lansdowne|Marchioness of Lansdowne]], the [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Marchioness of Londonderry]], the Marchioness of Granby, the [[Social Victorians/People/Minto|Earl and Countess of Minto]], [[Social Victorians/People/Carrington|Countess Carrington]], [[Social Victorians/People/Ribblesdale|Lady Ribblesdale]], Mrs. Cavendish Bentinck, [[Social Victorians/People/Asquith|Mrs. Asquith]], Sir William Hart-Dyke, Bart., M.P., Sir F. Astley Corbett, Bart., Sir [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Admiral Maxse, Messrs. Alfred Lyttelton, M.P., [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], W. H. Grenfell, and W. F. Adams. Mr. W. W. Nightingale, who started at Southport in 1878 one of the first artificial ice rinks in the kingdom, is the secretary.<ref>"Prince's Skating Club." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 06 November 1896, Friday: 9 [of 10], Col. 2c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18961106/125/0009. Print p. 9.</ref></blockquote> ===23 November 1896, Monday=== "''Little Eyolf'' (in William Archer's translation) opens at the Avenue Theatre, with Janet Achurch, Elizabeth Robins and Mrs Patrick Campbell in the three female roles. [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|[George Bernard] Shaw]]'s review of this production, with a cast including what he described as 'the three best yet undiscovered actresses of their generation', appeared in the ''Saturday Review'' on November 28" (Gibbs 128). '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Lord and Lady Burton hosted a party for Derby Day:<blockquote>Lord and Lady Burton's party at Rangemore for the Derby races included Lady Sarah Wilson, Lord and Lady Hindlip, Lady De Trafford, Sir George Chetwynd, Caytain [sic] Seymour Fortescue, Mr. and Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], Mr. and Mrs. Baillie, of Dochfour, Mr. and Mrs. Hwfa Williams, Mr. de Murrieta, and Mr. Menzies.<ref>"What the 'World' Says." ''Sheffield Daily Telegraph'' 25 November 1896, Wednesday: 7 [of 10], Col. 6c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000250/18961125/067/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> ==December 1896== ===2 December 1896, Wednesday=== <quote>ACTORS' BENEVOLENT FUND. Mr LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD presided over the sixth annual dinner of the Actors' Benevolent Fund, held at the Hotel Métrople on Wednesday evening. Actors have never shown themselves reluctant to assist in the cause of charity, and the profession was strongly represented on this festive occasion. The presence of Sir Henry Irving and other leading actors and managers gave special éclat to the festival, and the dinner proved in all respects to be one of the most successful held since the establishment of the fund. The claims of this admirable charity were pointedly put before the distinguished company by the chairman of the evening, Mr Leopold De Rothschild, who, in the course of his speech, mentioned that at the present time some seventy persons are in receipt of weekly grants from the fund. It is important to bear in mind that the direction of this excellent charity is in the hands of a committee of gentlemen of long and practical experience of the stage, and its modes of assistance are specially devised to meet the contingencies of theatrical life. The dinner took place in the Whitehall Rooms, and the following gentlemen accepted invitations:— [what follows is printed as a 3-column list which in this transcription reads across] Abrahams, Morris / Galer, Elliott / Millwood, W. / Alexander, Geore / Gatti, A. / Morgan, Ernest / Allen, W. E. / Gatti, S. / Mote, Henry / Armytage, H. T. / Gibson, Richard / Mundy, Luther / Asher, S. G. / Gleichen Count / Nathan, L. / Baker, Col. W. H. / Griffith, Murray / Nathan, H. / Baker, E. / Grossmith, George / Nauheim, Carl / Baker, Ernest H. / Hague, Clarance / Nicholls, E. W. / Barnes, J. H. / Hallard, C. M. / Nicholson, G. J. / Benjamin, David H. / Hamilton, A. / Norman, Fredk. / Bell, H. / Hammond, G. J. / Ochs, James / Betty, H. / Harris, Herbert, A. / Ogilvie, R. A. / Bishop, Alfred / Harrison, Fredk. / Pallant, Walter / Blackley, Frank / Harvey, Edward / Paulton, H. / Blumenthal. M. A. / Heilbut, S. / Phipps, C. I. / Bolton, T. H. Henry, C. S. / Pittar, Parke M. / Bouverie, Hon. K. P. / Herring, George / Power, W. / Brown, G. V. / Herts, H. A. / Pyke, Joseph / Pull, E. H. / Hirsch, Adolph / Renwick, G. / Candy, George / Hollands, A. K. / Ritchie, Clement / Cawston, George / Honey, T. / Robinson, Fredk. / Chamberlain, Rich. / Holdsworth, J. / Roche, L. / Chinnery, H. J. / Howard Hon. K. / Samuel, Sir Saul / Chinnery, Ellis / Howson, Charles / Sarjeant, Arthur / Corgialegno, W. / Hurst, Joseph / Scudamore, F. A. / Cohn, M. / Irving, Sir Henry / Schmidt, H. / Cohen, A. L. / Joels, J. / Shade, A. R. / Cohen, Leonard / Joels, Woolf / Shaw, Sir E. M. / Cohen, J. / Johnson, Sam / Shone, R. V. / Coltson, C. L. / Kelly, C. A. / Silverthorne, E. C. / Cole, C. W. / King, A. P. / Skelly, Francis / Conguest [?], George / Kirchner, T. / Spalding, A. F. M. / Cooper, Frank / Langford, A. E. / Stern, James / Coster, Martin / Latham, T. / Stoker, George / Cruickshanks, C. / Lawrence, E. S. / Tapping, A. B. / Dam, H. J. W. / Lawrence, G. W. / Terry, Edward / Dawes, Richard / Lawrence, W. / Thorne, Thomas / Davidson, Louis / Ledger, Edward / Tidd, J. D. / Davies, Charles / Leign, J. H. / Tite, A. / Dornton, Charles / Lindo, Gabriel / Trevoe, F. M. / Duncannon Visent. [?] / Lockwood, Sir F. / Turner, G. H. / Durham, Frederick / Loewe, S. / Tyars, Frank / Edmonds, W. / Lowenfeld, H. / Villanueva, Dr. H. / Edmonds, W. jun. / Lukach, J. H. / Villiers. R. E. / Edwardes, George / Lumley, Ralph / Vincent, Henry / Ellis, Alfred / Macklin, F. H. / Waley, A. J. / Ellis, Granville / Maddick, E. D. / Waterlow, P. H. / Esmond. H. V. / Marks, H. H. / Wells, / Evill, Henry / Marsden, Peter / Westcott, W. / Fos, Raoul / Martin, Robert J. / Wingatr, H. L. / Forbes [?], Norman / Maskall, T. / Winter, M. / ?rece [?], J. De / Maunder. J. H. / Woolf, Lewis / Gabriel, Chas. S.M. / Mellish, Fuller / Wright, Rev. C. E. / Gabriel, S. / Middlemist, Dr. / Wyndham, Charles</quote> (1896-12-05 Era) ===3 December 1896, Thursday=== [[Social Victorians/People/Horniman|Annie Horniman]]'s name was removed "from the Roll of the Order" of the Golden Dawn (Howe 136). === 9 December 1896, Wednesday === Christmas Dinner of the New Vagabonds, Bohemian Club:<blockquote>THE VAGABONDS' DINNER TO LORD ROBERTS, V.C. S<small>PEECHES</small> <small>BY</small> L<small>ORD</small> R<small>OBERTS</small>, M<small>R</small> J. K. J<small>EROME</small>, D<small>R</small> C<small>ONAN</small> D<small>OYLE</small>, AND S<small>IR</small> J<small>OHN</small> R. R<small>OBINSON</small>. <big>T</big><small>HE CHRISTMAS DINNER</small> of the New Vagabonds, held on Dec. 9 at the King's Hall of the Holborn Restaurant, is one of the occasions on which this Bohemian club admits ladies. It may fairly be described an unqualified success. In the first place, one of the greatest of living Englishmen — Field Marshal Lord Roberts, V.C.— was courteous enough to come all the way from Ireland expressly to be its guest, and among those who accepted the invitation of the club to meet him were Sir John Robinson, manager of the ''Daily News''; Mr and Mrs Humphry Ward; and Messrs Frank Dicksee, R.A.; Henry Norman, of the ''Daily Chronicle''; Clement Shorter, of the ''Illustrated London News''; Sidney Low, of the ''St. James's Gazette''; J. K. Spender, of the ''Westminster Gazette''; while the editor of the ''Times'', who was kept away by a domestic bereavement, and Sir Edwin Arnold, of the ''Daily Telegraph'', Sir Douglas Straight, of the ''Pail Mall Gazette'', and Mr Alfred Harmsworth, of the ''Daily Mail'', and others, who were kept away by previous engagements, sent letters of regret. The chair was taken by Mr Jerome K. Jerome, and the vice-chairs by Messrs G. B. Burgin, Frankfort Moore, and Douglas Sladen, and amongst others [41, Col. 1a / 1b] present were Miss Helen Mathers, Miss Annie S. Swan, Miss Gertrude Kingston, Mrs Clement Shorter, Miss Marie Connor, Lady Cook, Miss Winifred Graham, Mr and Mrs George Grossmith, Sir James Linton, P.R.I., Mr Conan Doyle, Mr H. G. Wells, Mr Wm. Le Queux, Major Arthur Griffiths, editor of the ''World''; Mr J. G. Clarke, editor of the ''Christian World''; Mr Horace Cox, of the ''Field'' and ''Queen''; Mr F. H. Fisher, editor of the ''Literary World''; Mr Anthony Hope and his father, the rector of St. Bride's; Mr J. Penderel Brodhurst, editor of the ''St. James's Budget''; Mr M. H. Spielmann, editor of the ''Magazine of Art''; Mr John Coleman, author of "The Duchess of Coolgardie;" Mr Kenneth Grahame, author of "The Golden Age;" Mr and Mrs Coulson Kernahan, Mr and Mrs E. W. Hornung, Mr Silas K. Hocking, with Miss Hocking; Major and Mrs Nield, of Sydney, N.S.W.; Mr Neil Turner, Mr Robert Leighton, Mr and Mrs Robert Sauber, Col. Nisbet, Mr Alderman Treloar, Mr Frederick Whyte, Mr Percy White (author of "Corruption" and "Mr Baily-Martin"), Mr F. V. White, Mr and Mrs Will. Sharp, Hon. Mr and Mrs Gilbert Coleridge, Mr and Mrs Adam Black, Mr Reginald Cleaver, Mr I. N. Ford, London correspondent to the ''New York Tribune''; Mr McElway, editor of the ''Brooklyn Eagle''; Mr and Mrs A. S. Boyd, Mr Alfred Parsons, R.I.; Mr A. S. Hartrick, Miss Honner Morton, Mr Richard Le Gallienne, Mr Henry Blackburn, Mr Moncure D. Conway, Mr George Manville Fenn, Mr Zangwill, Mr Solomon, Mr Arthur Reed Ropes (the "Adrian Ross" of [41, Col. 1c / 2a] Gaiety librettos), Mr J. M. Dent, Miss Sarah Doudney, Mr James Greig, Mr G. P. R. Burgess, Mr W. W. Jacob, Dr Yorke Davies, Sir Henry and Lady Bergne, Mr A. C. Calmour, Mr Reginald Geard, Mrs T. P. O'Connor, Mr and Mrs W. B. Dalley, of Sydney; Mr H. W. Lowry, Mr H. Hartley and Mr Hart, of the Indian Exhibition; Mr Lewis Hind, editor of the ''Academy''; [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Mr and Mrs Clarence Rook]]; Mr and Mrs Wilton Jones (Gertrude Warden), Mr Peter Keary, editor of ''Pearson's''; Mr C. F. Keary, Miss Norma Lorimer (author of "A Sweet Disorder"), Dr S. R. Keightley, author of "The Crimson Sign;" Mr and Mrs Max Pemberton, Mr Pett Ridge, Mr Roger Pocock, Mr Sullivan, [[Social Victorians/People/Todhunter|Dr and Mrs Todhunter]], Mr and Mrs C. N. Williamson, Mr and Mrs Morris Colles, Mr G. Herbert Thring, Mr and Mrs Joseph Hatton, Mr and Mrs Jopling Rowe (Louise Jopling), Mr Arthur Morrison, author of "The Jago" and "Tales of Mean Streets." The dinner was held in the King's Hall of the Holborn Restaurant, and the company assembled in the Crown Room, the Entrance Hall, and the Lobby. One room could not contain everybody, for between six and seven hundred assembled to do honour to the guest of the evening, and not only was every inch of the floor used for dining tables, but all the galleries and the adjoining lobby. Grace was said by the chaplain, the Rev. St. Barbe S. Sladen; the company, as is usual at Vagabond dinners, having for the most part taken their places before the dinner was announced, and the guests, headed [41, Col. 2a / 2c] by Lord Roberts with Mrs Jerome and Mr Jerome with Mrs Humphry Ward, filed in. This, indeed, is almost the only trace of vagabondage about the club, unless one takes Vagabond and Bohemian in their most up-to-date sense. A Bohemian nowadays does not mean a man who has no bed to sleep on, or a man who wears no collar, but a spotted handkerchief in its place; it does not even imply drunkenness and disorderly conduct. A Bohemian in the London sense, is a person who does what he or she chooses, who conforms with conventionality and lives the ordinary Philistine life when it suits, and is equally prepared to go to a Covent Garden bal ''masqué''. With one exception, there was not the slightest hitch over seating and arranging the vast assemblage — so skilfully and indefatigably had Messrs Moore and Burgin, who attended to these arrangements, done their work — to the exclusion of all their literary work for the best part of the past month. After the health of the Queen had been drunk with great enthusiasm, the chairman gave the toast of the evening, in a speech characterised by the happiest audacity, which completely captivated the audience, and no one more than its illustrious victim. ... [43, Col. 1a] Mr Conway Dixon, who is Mr Hayden Coffin's understudy at Daly's, then sang, and his singing was characterised by its finish as well as by the beauty of the voice. Mr Dixon will undoubtedly be heard of in the future, for, in addition to the charm of his singing, he has a face and a figure just suited for a ''jeune premier''. He was vigorously encored, but it was getting on for eleven o'clock, and Mr George Grossmith was yet to come. Mr Grossmith gave his Irving and Beerbohm Tree speeches, and, fired by the brilliant and crowded audience, fairly excelled himself. Those who heard the improvisations which concluded Mr Beerbohm Tree's reply (in Mr Grossmith's imitation) are not likely to forget them. They were Tree to the life, and the great audience roared with laughter till tears ran down its cheeks. It also roared for an encore, but Mr Jerome was firm. There were so many people to be presented to Lord Roberts and Mrs Humphry Ward, that an adjournment had to be made that very moment to the Crown Room and the adjoining lobby, where the ''soirée'' which followed the dinner was to be held. Thus ended what the ''Westminster Gazette'' describes as the most brilliant gathering ever held at the Holborn Restaurant.<ref>"The Vagabonds' Dinner to Lord Robert, V.C." The ''Queen'' 19 December 1896, Saturday: 41 [of 96], Col. 1a–3c – 43, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18961219/265/0041. Print pp. 1167–1169.</ref></blockquote> ===16 December 1896, Wednesday=== Dolmetsch mentioned wanting to go to Florence. "Dolmetsch was always keen to perform in Italy but was unable to afford such a trip on his own account. Horne, as usual, came to the rescue and used his influence to obtain a sponsor, but nowhere is the benefactor named. Although Dolmetsch was scrupulous in limiting his spending to the musical requirements of an undertaking, he was blissfully unconcerned as to the source of the funds so provided. All that occupied his thoughts at the moment was that at last he would be going to Italy — the land where culture pervaded everything and the very speech was music" (Campbell ????). ===25 December 1896, Friday=== Christmas Day ===26 December 1896, Saturday=== Boxing Day ===26 December 1896, Saturday=== December Bank Holiday ==Works Cited== *[1896-04-28 Aberdeen Journal] "The Forbes-Erskine Marriage." Aberdeen Journal 28 April 1996, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 8]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000575/18960428/183/0004 (accessed 2019). *[1896-05-23 Leamington Spa Courier] "Personal Items." Leamington Spa Courier 23 May 1896, Saturday: 4 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18960523/025/0004 (accessed July 2019). *[1896-06-12 The Courier] "Fashionable Intelligence.” The Courier [in BNA Kent & Sussex Courier] 12 June 1896, Friday: 6 [of 9], Col. 3b–4a [of 9]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000483/18960612/175/0006 (accessed July 2019). *[1896-06-30 Belfast News-Letter] "Wedding of the Lord Lieutenant’s Daughter. A Brilliant Ceremony. From Our Own Correspondent. By Our Own Private Wire." Belfast News-Letter 30 June 1896, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7a–9c [of 9]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/18960630/023/0005 (accessed July 2019). *[1896-07-14 Morning Post] "The Queen’s Garden Party.” Morning Post 14 July 1896, Tuesday: 7, Col. 6a – 8, Col. 4a [of 12 pp and 7 cols]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18960714/099/0008 (accessed July 2019). *[1896-12-05 Era] "Actors' Benevolent Fund." The Era 5 December 1896, Saturday: 11 [of 32], Cols. 1a–3c [of 5]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000053/18961205/016/0011 (accessed February 2020). *Gibbs, Anthony Matthew. A Bernard Shaw Chronology. Author Chronologies, Ed. Norman Page. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. *Krout, Mary H., "Women's Clubs," Chapter 9, A Looker-On in London. Rpt in Victorian London: Publications: Social Investigation/Journalism. Online: www.victorianlondon.org (August 2005). *From a "special announcement," quoted in "Table Talk," The Literary World (3 Januray 1896), vol. 53, p. 13 [accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books]. *"Table Talk," The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke) 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 77, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke) 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 77, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke) 24 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 78, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 31 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 101, col. 3. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 31 January 1896, vol. 53, p. 103, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 149, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 150, col. 1. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 14 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 172, col. 3. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 28 February 1896, vol. 53, p. 196, col. 2. (Accessed 9 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 20 March 1896, vol. 53, p. 270, col. 1. (Accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 20 March 1896, vol. 53, p. 271, col. 2. (Accessed 10 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 10 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 341, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 364, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 365, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 17 April 1896, vol. 53, p. 366, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 412, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 412, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 415, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 1 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 415, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 8 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 436, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 15 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 461, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 15 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 462, col. 3. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 22 May 1896, vol. 53, p. 484, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 5 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 532, col. 1. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 12 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 556, col. 2. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 19 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 581, cols. 1-3. (Accessed 13 October 2009 in Google Books.) *"Table Talk,"The Literary World: Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, (London: James Clarke), 26 June 1896, vol. 53, p. 604, cols. 1-2. (Accessed 14 October 2009 in Google Books.) == Footnotes == <references /> bi3dewv5f0vsvospdwv95x7y08qa3b5 0 264290 2691980 2691885 2024-12-14T19:17:36Z Scogdill 1331941 /* May 1901 */ 2691980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s | 1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s]] 1900s ==1900== 1900, early, [[Social Victorians/People/Mathers|MacGregor and Moina Mathers]] were living at 87 Rue Mozart, Paris (Howe 203). ===January 1900=== ====1 January 1900, Monday, New Year's Day==== ====13 January 1900, Tuesday==== <blockquote>THE HOUSEHOLD TROOPS. ENTERTAINMENT AT HER MAJESTY'S. The Prince and Princess of Wales, accompanied by Princess Victoria and Prince Charles of Denmark, attended the entertainment to aid the widows and orphans of her Majesty's Household Troops, organised by Mrs. Arthur Paget and presented under the direction of Mr. H. Beerbohm Tree at Her Majesty's Theatre last night. ... [The major part of this story is the program of the entertainment, in which [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]], among others, played an important part.] Among those present at the entertainment were: The Prince and Princess of Wales, Princess Victoria of Wales, and Prince Charles of Denmark, the French Ambassador, the Russian Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Count Mensdorff, the Austrian Embassy, Prince and Princess Demidoff, Prince and Princess Hatzfeldt, Prince and Princess Alexis Dolgorouki, Count and Countess Roman Potocki, Count and Countess Alexander Münister, the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, the Marquis of Downshire, the Earl and Countess of Cork, the Earl and Countess of Westmorland, the Earl and Countess of Gosford, the Earl of Lathom, the Countess of Ancaster, the Countess of Wilton, the Countess of Yarborough, the Countess of Huntingdon, Viscount Curzon, Lord and Lady Farquhar, Lord and Lady Savile, Lord Rowton, Lord Westbury, Baroness d'Erlanger, Count and Countess Seilern, Lord and Lady Ribblesdale, Lord and Lady Hothfield, Lord and Lady Raincliffe, Lord Wandsworth, Lord Charles Montagu, Lady Cunard, Sir Edgar and Lady Helen Vincent, Lady Kathleen and Mr. Pilkington, Lady Violet Brassey, Lady Grey Egerton, the Hon. Humphry and Lady Feodorowna Sturt, Lady Ripley, Lady Katherine Coke, Lady Agneta Montagu, Lady Tatton Sykes, Lady Templemore, Lady Florence Grant, Lady Garrick, Lady Pearson, Lady Constance Haddon, Sir F. Burdett, the Hon. M. Charteris, Sir A. de la Rue, Sir Frederick and Lady Milner, the Hon. E. Stonor, Sir Edward and Lady Sassoon, Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain, the Hon. Mrs. Lawrence, the Hon. Mrs. Napier, Sir Charles Forbes, Mrs. Bradley Martin, Mrs. Cornwallis West, Mr. Arnold Morley, Mr. L. Neumann, Madame Vagliano, Mr. Gillett, Mrs. Godfrey Samuelson, Mrs. Reginald Ward, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wilson, Mr. Menzies, Mr. Dreyfous [sic], Mrs. George Coats, Mr. Hartmann, Mrs. Rube, Mrs. Neumann, Mr. Lukach, Mrs. Candy, Mr. Bargrave Deane, Mr. L. V. Harcourt, Mrs. Oppenheim, Mrs. Lionel Phillips, Mr. King. Mr. James Finch, Mrs. Clayton Glyn, Miss Van Wart, Mr. Hall Walker, Mr. Drexell, Mrs. Van Raalte, Mr. Alfred Beit, Mr. Douglas Uzielli, Mrs. Alfred Harmsworth, Mr. Munday, Mrs. William James, Mrs. Newhouse, Mrs. Max Waechter, Mr. G. Prentis, Mrs. M'Calmont, Mr. Blacklock, Mrs. Ausell, Captain Holford (Equerry to the Prince of Wales), Mr. De Nino, Mrs. Keyser, Mrs. Fleming, Mrs. Breitmeyer, Mrs. Wernher, Mrs. Armour, Mr. Van Alan, Mrs. Ewart, Mrs. Carl Meyer, Mrs. Powell, Mr. Hambro, Colonel Charles Allen, Colonel Cunningham, Mrs.Hutchinson, Mrs. Schumacher, Colonel Kennard, Mrs. Fludyer, Mrs. Williamson, Mr. Thellusson, Mr. Sackville West, Captain M'Neil, Mrs. Dalrymple Hamilton, Mrs. Penn Curzon, Mrs. Hamar Bass, Mrs. Kuhliug, General Stracey, Mrs. Jeffcock, Colonel Thynne. (1900-02-14 Morning Post).</blockquote> ====17 January 1900, Saturday==== 1900 February 17, Lady Greville writes about the amateur theatricals Muriel Wilson is involved in: <blockquote>The most notable social event of the week was the amateur performance of tableaux at Her Majesty's Theatre. One is accustomed to the amateurs under every aspect, leaping in where angels fear to tread, essaying the most difficult parts, dabbling in the arts of music and literature, but so full and rich and interesting a performance has rarely been given before. To begin with, there was a masque, modelled on the Elizabethan lines, with song and dance, and special music composed for the occasion by Mr. Hamish McCunn, dresses statuesque and graceful, and a bevy of pretty women to carry out the idea. One original feature there was, too, which certainly did not present itself before our Virgin Queen, and that was the graceful fencing of Miss Lowther, who looked an ideal young champion in her russet suit and jaunty little cap. A very young debutante appeared in the person of Miss Viola Tree, who, dressed in the nest diaphanous garments, acted with a grace and lightness that promises well for her future career. Mrs. Crutchly, as "Glory," appeared amid a din of thunder and a rosy glare of limelight, and clashed her cymbals in truly determined fashion. An element of wildness suited to the character, distinguished her agreeable posturing, and her high spiked crown gave distinct individuality to the representation. Mrs. Martineau, Hebe-like in a white robe and a large crown of roses, as if she had just stepped out of a picture by Leighton, then danced and took the palm for poetry and suppleness of movement; Miss [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]], meanwhile, having daringly shot up through a trap-door in scarlet robes with a flaming torch, announced herself as "War," and beckoned to Glory, Victory, and Prosperity, when they finished their performance, to sit beside her on her throne. "Rumour," alias Mr. Gervase Cary Elwes, sang an excellent topical song, attired in a quaint garb covered with interrogations, and carrying an electric telegraph-post in her hand. Lady Maud Warrender, as "Pity," advanced from a barge that had just arrived, and sang a doleful ditty which made one wish "Pity" might combine a sense of gaiety. But as Mrs. Willie James, in the part of "Mercy," dressed as a nurse, recited some bright lines anent Tommy, to the accompaniment of distant fifes and drums, the audience decided to take this as a satisfactory compensation. All being now harmoniously arranged, "War" performed a sleight-of-hand feat, divested herself of her red dress, her headgear of flaming serpents, and her glistening breastpiece, and appeared in virgin white, crowned with roses, as “Peace," surrounded by “Music" in a gorgeous gown of gold tissue, by “Painting," “Science," and “Literature." A pleasant finaleof gay music brought the Masque to a close, and left a decidedly agreeable and novel impression behind it. Tableaux then followed, all more or less well grouped by well-known artists, and represented by beautiful women of Society. Among the familiar faces were Lady St. Oswald, Lady Mary Sackville, Miss Agatha Thynne, Mrs. Fitz Ponsonby, Lady Maitland, Madame von André, &c., but neither Lady Helen Vincent, Lady De Grey, Lady Cynthia Graham, the Duchess of Portland, nor many other well-known and lovely ladies took part in the performance. Finally, came the Patriotic Tableau, which had evidently engaged all the energies of the organisers of the fête. On a high throne, with a most realistic lion, open-mouthed and fierce-looking, beside her, sat Lady Westmoreland as "Great Britain," a stately and dignified figure in white satin, draped in a red cloak and crowned with a large wreath of laurel. The stage on each side was lined by genuine stalwart Guardsmen, and to the sound of lively martial music, composed and conducted by Sir Arthur Sullivan, slowly advanced a procession of Great Britain's dependencies, figured by ladies magnificently costumed, their long jewelled trains borne by two little pages in cloth of gold brocade coats, with black silk legs. Very beautiful were the blendings of the colours in this tableau, artistically designed by Mr. Percy Anderson. Lady Claude Hamilton, as "British Columbia," moved with stately gait in a robe of palest green; Lady Feo Sturt glittered barbarically with jewels; her headdress and her bosom were covered with gems. As the typical representative of "India," she was dressed in apricot colour and bore branches of hibiscus in her hands. Mrs. Hwfa Williams, in blazing red, carried a parrot and some red flowers. The Hon. Barbara Lister looked lovely and picturesque in her violet robes under a massive wreath of wisteria blossoms; Lady Raincliffe, wearing a curious high head-dress, was dressed in white to represent "Canada." "Rhodesia" made one of the prettiest figures in her khaki gown and cloak, with the coquettish hat and feathers and the red trimming associated with the Colonial Volunteers. "Natal" appeared appropriately clad all in black, while little "Nigeria," for the nonce, wore spotless white robes. / Miss Muriel Wilson spoke an ode, and looked striking in apricot and white, with a high diamond crown and a long standing-up white feather. None of the ladies suffered from shyness; they showed thorough acquaintance with the stage, and moved easily thereon. In fact, costumes, arrangements, music, and the glorious feast of beauty left nothing to be desired. The final impression in one's mind was that the stage produces strange effects. It idealises some faces, hardens others, and alters many. The large wreaths, almost grotesque in size, proved eminently becoming, and the Grecian draperies carried away the palm for beauty. After them our modern dress seems stiff, angular, and inartistic. The whole performance was one to be commended, and will no doubt be as successful financially as it was from the aesthetic and spectacular point of view. Mrs. James Stuart Wortley, who died last week, will be regretted by every class of society. This lady, a beauty in her youth, devoted the latter part of her life entirely to works of charity. She founded the East London Nursing Society, to the tender and skilful ministrations of which many a poor woman owes her return to health, and in every philanthropic scheme, emigration, the befriending of young servants, and the education of youth, she took a lively interest. Her clear sense, her logical grasp of subjects and her immense activity were of infinite service in everything she undertook, and her memory will smell sweet in the hearts of the many who loved and depended on her. I really wonder at the patience of the British taxpayer. During the snow of this week Belgravia, Eaton, and other fashionable squares, remained a morass of slush, ice, and half-melted snow. The pavements as slippery as glass had not been cleansed, and only at the risk of one's life one made one's way from street to street. (Greville 7, Col. 1a-2a)</blockquote> '''25 January 1900, Thursday''' David Lindsay, [[Social Victorians/People/Crawford and Balcarres|Lord Balcarres]] and Constance Lilian Pelly married: <blockquote> MARRIAGE OF LORD BALCARRES. The marriage of Lord Balcarres, M.P. for North Lancashire, eldest son of the Earl of Crawford of Balcarres House, Fife, and Haigh Hall, Wigan, to Miss Pelly, daughter of the late Sir H. Peily, Bart., and granddaughter of the Earl of Wemyss, was solemnised yesterday (Thursday) at St Margaret's Church, Westminster, in the presence of a large gathering of friends. Among the invited guests were the Earl and Countess of Crawford, the Dowager Countess of Crawford, the Earl of Wemyss, Lord and Lady Elcho, the Hon. E. Lindsay, the Hon. Lionel Lindsay, the Hon. Ronald Lindsay, Lord and Lady Cowper, Mr. A. J. Balfour, the Hon. L. Greville, and many othsrs. The service was fully choral, and was conducted by the Bishop of Stepney, assisted by the the Rev. Canon Gore. Mr Yorke, the stepfather of the bride, gave her away. She wore a dress of white velvet, draped with old Brussels lace, the gift of the Dowager Countess of Crawford: chiffon veil and wreath of natural orange blossoms. Her only ornament was a Maltese cross of diamonds, also the gift of the Dowager Countess of Crawford. There were nine bridesmaids. Miss Pelly, sister of the bride) [sic], the Hon. Mary Vasey, the Hon. Cynthia Charteris, Miss Brodrick, Miss Sybil Brodrick, Miss Benita Pelly, the Hon. Aline Menjendie, Miss Daisy Benson, and Miss Madeline Bourke. They were attired alike in costumes of white de chine, with lace insertions, with blue chiffon hat, trimmed with plumes of white and blue ostrich feathers. They carried bouquets of violets, and wore red enamel brooches with diamond centres and pearl drops, the gifts of the bridegroom. The Hon E. Lindsay supported his brother as best man. At the conclusion of the ceremony the guests drove to the town residence of the bride's mother in Queen Anne's Gate, where the wedding reception was held. Later in the day the newly-married couple left town for Wrest Park, Ampthill, kindly lent them for the honeymoon by Earl and Countess Cowper. Princess Louise (the Marchioness of Lorne) sent the bride a handsome silver basket as a wedding present.<ref>"Marriage of Lord Balcarres." ''Dundee Courier'' 26 January 1900 Friday: 4 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000164/19000126/105/0004.</ref> </blockquote> ===February=== 1900, February, a brief account of the Matherses' Isis ceremony appeared in "the New York periodical the ''Humanist'', February 1900" (Howe 201). ==== 15 February 1900, Thursday ==== A number of familiar people took part in [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Enid Wilson]]'s wedding to the Earl of Chesterfield:<blockquote>This afternoon, at St. Mark's Church, North Audley-street, the [[Social Victorians/People/Chesterfield|Earl of Chesterfield]] is to be married to Miss Enid Wilson, second daughter of Mr. Charles Wilson, M.P., of Marter Priory, Yorkshire, and 41, Grosvenor-square. The bride, who will be given away by her father, will wear a dress of white crêpe de chine wrought with silver and trimmed with fine old lace and ermin. The bridesmaids will be Miss Gladys Wilson, sister of the bride, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]], her cousin, Lady Aldra Acheson, daughter of the Earl [[Social Victorians/People/Gosford|and Countess of Gosford]], Lady Mary Willoughby, daughter of the [[Social Victorians/People/Ancaster|Earl and Countess of Ancastor]], Lady Marjorie Carrington, daughter of [[Social Victorians/People/Carrington|Earl and Countess Carrington]], Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], [[Social Victorians/People/Balfour|Miss Balfour]], and [[Social Victorians/People/Paget Family|Miss Paget]]. Lace Empire dresses and long bright red cloth Directoire coats trimmed with sable and hats to match. They will carry sable muffs, the gifts to them of the bridegroom. Viscount Ednam, the [[Social Victorians/People/Dudley|Earl and Countess of Dudley]]'s only son, aged six, and Lord Wendover, the only son of Earl and Countess Carrington, aged something over four, will be the youthful trainbearers. After the wedding Mrs. Charles Wilson will hold a reception at 41, Grosvenor-square. The Prince of Wales has given Lord Chesterfield a remarkably handsome embossed silver cigarbox, lined with cedar, monogrammed and coroneted, accompanied by a letter written by his Royal Highness to the bridegroom, cordially wishing him every happiness. The Duke of Fife's gift is a cedar-lined plain silver cigarette-case.<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote>Another, more local report: <blockquote>There was very large and fashionable assembly at St. Mark’s Church, North Audley-street, London, on Thursday afternoon, to witness the very pretty wedding of the Right Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield, P.C., of Holme Lacey, Hereford, and Miss Enid Wilson, fourth daughter of Mr. Charles H. Wilson, M.P. for Hull, of Warter Priory, York, and 41, Grosvenor-square, London. The service was fully choral, and the church handsomely decorated. There were seven bridesmaids in attendance upon the bride. These young ladies were Miss Gladys Wilson (sister). Miss Muriel Wilson (cousin of the bride). Lady Mary Willoughby, Lady Alexandra Acheson, Lady Marjorie Carrington, Miss Dorothy Paget, and Miss Alice Balfour, who were in costumes of quaint, old-fashioned riding coats of red cloth, with white muslin skirts. The local guests included Sir James and Lady Reckitt, Sir James and Lady Woodhouse, Lord and Lady Herries, Mr. Philip Hodgson, Lord and Lady Raincliffe, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Strickland Constable. Presents wore also received from Commander Bethell (silver candlestick). Hr. and Mrs. George A. Duncombe, Beverley (Louis XV. sofa). Mr. and Mrs. Frank Lambert, Beverley (inlaid writing table), Colonel and Mrs. Goddard, Cottingham (silver mirror), Mr. Haslewood Taylor, Beverley (pair of prints). (1900-02-21 Beverley Echo)</blockquote> ==== 27 February, 1900, Tuesday ==== Mardi Gras ===April 1900=== ==== 8 April 1900, Sunday ==== Palm Sunday ====14 April 1900, Saturday==== Wynn Westcott assumed W. A. Ayton was on, as he wrote, "the Committee to investigate the G. D. which contains Yeats, Bullock and I suppose Ayton" (Howe 217). ====20 April 1900, Friday==== The R.R. et A.C. was code named Research and Archaeological Association (Howe 226) ====21 April 1900, Saturday==== The Inner Order of the Golden Dawn met at 116 Netherwood Road, West Kensington (Howe 227). ===May 1900=== ====26 May 1900, Saturday==== Arthur Sullivan is visited by "Sir George Martin, the organist at St. Paul's Cathedral, and Colonel Arthur Collins, one of the royal equerries" to get him to write a Te Deum thanking God for the end of the Boer War (Ainger, Michael. Gilbert and Sullivan: a Dual Biography. P. 381.). ====30 May 1900, Wednesday==== Derby Day. According to the Morning Post, <quote>The Derby Day. / The Archbishops of Canterbury and York hold a Reception of Colonial and Missionary Church Workers in the Great Hall of the Church House, 4.30 to 6.30. / ... May Fair and Bazaar, St. George's Drill Hall, Davies-street, Berkeley-square, opened by Lady Edward Spencer Churchill, 2.30.</quote> ("Arrangements for This Day." The Morning Post Wednesday, 30 May 1900: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6C) ===June 1900=== Summer 1900: WBY summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ==== 3 June 1900, Sunday ==== Whit Sunday (Pentecost) Whitsun party at Sandringham House, described by Lord Knutsford in his letters and summarized by Anita Leslie, whose parent's generation remembered some of these people Knutsford mentions as present: * The Prince and Princess of Wales * Princess Victoria * Other daughters of the Prince and Princess of Wales * Lord Knutsford * [[Social Victorians/People/Ripon|Lord and Lady Gladys de Grey]] * Luís De Soveral * Tosti * [[Social Victorians/People/Durham|Hon. George Lambton]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Churchill|Lady Randolph Churchill]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Holford|Holford]] * Lady Musgrave Leslie's summary of Knutsford's letters:<blockquote>The Whitsun party that year included Lord and Lady de Grey, De Soveral, whose caustic wit always lightened Edward's humour, Tosti, the famous baritone-songwriter (Alexandra and her daughters were so musical — strumming away ''à quatre mains'' while Totti's voice made chandeliers vibrate in after-dinner songs), the Hon. George Lambton (racing trainer), and Lady Randolph Churchill, "just back from her hospital ship which had been a boon in South Africa, but fractiously insisting she is going to marry George Cornwallis-West." Lord Knutsford describes the chattering guests travelling in that special train coach from St. Pancras to Wolverton Station where the house party was met by royal carriages with officious flunkeys in red livery who dealt with the luggage — and ''such'' luggage! Big trunks had to be brought for a few days' stay so that the correct attire could be produced for every meal and outing. How exciting to drive through a forest of rhododendrons and to disembark in front of Sandringham House. The royal host and hostess stood in the hall to welcome their guests. After handshakes Queen Alexandra sat down to pour tea. Dinner was at 9 <small>P</small>.<small>M</small>. (at Sandringham all clocks were kept half an hour ahead of time). Footmen informed the gentlemen what waistcoats were to be worn. Ladies' maids scurried to the ironing rooms. At nine, having assembled in the drawing room, each man was told whom he must escort into dinner and where to sit. This saved hesitation and embarrassment. On this occasion Knutsford describes the Prince giving his arm to Lady de Grey, while Alexandra walked beside De Soveral and Lord de Grey escorted the unmarried Princess Victoria. There were, of course, no cocktails, but exquisite wines accompanied each course. The Prince never drank more than a glass or so of claret at dinner and a brandy after the last course. When the ladies left the dining room cigarettes and cigars were brought by footmen. Heavy drinking was never encouraged, and / after half an hour the gentlemen moved to the drawing room to chat with the ladies, until Alexandra rose and they retired to their bedrooms where the ladies' maids would be waiting to unlace them from their gorgeous satin and velvet gowns. Hard as the existence of a servant might be, they were perhaps consoled by the colossal meals offered in recompense for late hours. A five-course breakfast could be consumed by every scullery maid if she so desired, and many a working-class mother strove to "get her daughter's knees under a good table." When the ladies had disappeared upstairs the men went to the billiards room, where the Prince, who idolised his dogs, would roar with laughter when his black bulldog nipped the legs of players. No one could go to bed before Edward, but at twelve-thirty he would certainly retire. There was no thought of any hanky-panky after hours at Sandringham. That would have been considered bad taste and an insult to the royal hostess. On Sunday morning the breakfast gong sounded at 10 <small>A</small>.<small>M</small>. Then came church and a stroll in the garden until lunch at one-thirty. After a fairly heavy meal the ladies went upstairs to change into walking skirts and strong boots. The whole party then underwent a slow three-hour walk to the kennels and stables and farm. Talk was almost entirely about animals — dogs, pedigree cattle and, of course, race horses. Knutsford noticed Alexandra's "touching girl-like love" for every stone and corner of Sandrringham. She reminded him of "a bird escaped from a cage." Certainly the royal pair were never so happy as in this big Norfolk house, which they regarded as home, but guests grew weary of trying to do the right thing. Knutsford found dinner very wearing, with the conversation in mingled English and French: "they drop from one to another in the same sentence." Then came the local Whitsunday sports. Off drove the house party — Lady de Grey and Holford in the first carriage with Edward. Knutsford found himself in the second carriage with Princess Victoria and Lady Randolph Churchill and Lady Musgrave. The ladies wore coloured blouses and contrasting skirts and jackets over their blouses, white gloves and feather boas. A brisk wind nearly blew off their huge hats. Lady Musgrave in particular had difficulty with her concoction. "Send it to the bazaar!" cried Alexandra, and everyone roared with laughter. Sandringham parties were called "informal," but what a relief, nevertheless, when they all got back to the station in those regal carriages followed by the four horse-drawn vans of luggage. In this spring of 1900 the visitors departed to their homes full to / the brim of food and anecdote. Jennie, who had been argumentative all weekend, would almost immediately marry her young George. Gladys de Grey would get on her newly installed phone to admirer number one, the Hon. Reginald Listen, or if he was not available to admirer number two, Sir John Listen-Kaye. Ladies were now able to ring the men up and guardedly converse instead of sending dangerous notes. Servants might overhear but there would be nothing ''on paper''.<ref>Leslie, Anita. ''The Marlborough House Set''. Doubleday, 1973.</ref>{{rp|195–197}}</blockquote> ====26 June 1900, Tuesday==== There was apparently a regular celebration of Arthur Collins' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, Arthur Sullivan, Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902. ==== 28 June 1900, Thursday ==== Lady Randolph Churchill and George Cornwallis-West married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge.<ref>Martin, Ralph G. ''Lady Randolph Churchill : A Biography''. Cardinal, 1974. Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/ladyrandolphchur0002mart_w8p2/.</ref>{{rp|220–223}} ===July 1900=== ====27 July 1900, Friday==== The [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales]] had dinner at the Arthur Wilsons’:<blockquote>[[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mr and Mrs Arthur Wilson]] were honoured with the presence of the Prince of Wales at dinner on Friday night. Amongst the guests were the Portuguese Minister, Count Mensdorff, Duke of Roxburghe, Lady Georgina Curzon, Captain and Lady Sarah Wilson (arrived that morning from South Africa), Lord and Lady Tweedmouth, Lord Herbert Vane Tempest, Viscount Villiers, Lady Norreys, Lady Gerard, [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|Hon Mrs Keppel]], Sir Edward and Lady Colebrook, Mr and Mrs Grenfell, Lady Lister Kaye, Mrs Arthur Paget, Mr and Mrs Arthur Sassoon, Hon. W. Erskine, Mr and Mrs J. Menzies, General Oliphant, Miss Jane Thornewell, Mrs Kenneth Wilson, and [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]]. (1900-07-30 Hull Daily Mail)</blockquote> ===October 1900=== ====31 October 1900, Wednesday==== Halloween. ===November 1900=== ====5 November 1900, Monday==== Guy Fawkes Day ====9 November 1900, Friday==== A debutante dance for Miss Helyar: <quote>In honour of the coming of age of Miss Helyar, a small dance was given by Lady Savile, at Rufford Abbey, last night. The number of invitations was not so large as it would have been but for the war. The house party included Mrs. and Miss Cavendish Bentinck, Lady Juliet Lowther, Lady Evelyn Ward, Lady Mabel Crichton, Mrs Kenneth Wilson, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]], Sir Berkeley Sheffield, Miss Sheffield, Lord Hyde, Lord Herbert, the Hon. B. Ward, the Hon. E. FitzGerald, the Hon. W. Erskine, Mr. Laycock, Captain Brinton, the Hon. George Peel, Mr. Harris, Captain Tharp, Captain Heneage, and the Hon. G. Portman.</quote> (1900-11-10 Yorkshire Post) ====27 November 1900, Tuesday==== Arthur Sullivan's funeral: <quote>At eleven o'clock on Tuesday, November 27th, the [366/367] funeral procession set forth from Victoria Street, Westminster, on its mournful way, first to the Chapel Royal, St. James's, where, by command of the Queen, part of the Burial Service was to take place, and thence to St. Paul's. Throughout the line of route flags drooped at half-mast, whilst beneath them people crowded in their thousands, bare-headed and in silence, waiting to pay their last tribute of respect and gratitude to the lamented master whose genius had done so much to brighten their lives for the past five-and-twenty years. [new paragraph] Into the Royal Chapel, where Arthur Sullivan had begun his career as a chorister, was borne the casket containing his remains. On either side stood men and women famous in society and the wider world of Art in all its branches. The Queen was represented by Sir Walter Parratt, Master of Music, who was the bearer of a wreath with the inscription: "A mark of sincere admiration for his musical talents from Queen Victoria." Sir Hubert Parry represented the Prince of Wales; the German Emperor was represented by Prince Lynar, Attache of the German Embassy; Prince and Princess Christian by Colonel the Hon. Charles Eliot, and the Duke of Cambridge by General Bateson. Among the congregation at the Chapel Royal were seen the United States Ambassador; the Earl and Countess of Strafford; Theresa, Countess of Shrewsbury; the Countess of Essex; Lord Glenesk; Lord Rowton; Lord Crofton; Lady Catherine Coke; the Dean of Westminster; Lady Bancroft; Lady [367/368] Barnby; Mr. Arthur Chappell; Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Burnand; Mr. Arthur W. Pinero; Mr. Haddon Chambers; Lieutenant Dan Godfrey; Signor Tosti; Mr. George Grossmith; Mr. Rutland Barrington; Miss Macintyre; Mrs. Ronalds; Canon Duckworth; Lady Lewis; Miss Ella Russell; Mr. Augustus Manns; Mr. Charles Wyndham; Captain Basil Hood; the Chairman and Secretary of Leeds Musical Festival; and Representatives of various British Musical Associations. The Pall-bearers were Sir Squire Bancroft, Mr. Francois Cellier, Colonel A. Collins (one of the Royal Equerries), Sir Frederick Bridge, Sir George Lewis, Sir Alexander Mackenzie, Sir George Martin, and Sir John Stainer. [new paragraph] he chief mourners were Mr. Herbert Sullivan (nephew), Mr. John Sullivan (uncle), Mrs. Holmes, and Miss Jane Sullivan (nieces), Mr. Wilfred Bendall (Sullivan's secretary), Mr. B. W. Findon, Mr. Edward Dicey, Mr. C. W. Mathews, Mrs. D'Oyly Carte, Dr. Buxton Browne, Mr. Arthur Wagg, Mr. Fred Walker, Mr. Dreseden and Sir Arthur's servants. [new paragraph] Much to their regret, neither Mr. Gilbert nor Mr. Carte was able to attend the funeral. The first was on the Continent for the benefit of his health, the second was laid up by serious illness. The present writer also, having been absent from London at the time, has not the advantage of an eye-witness to give a graphic description of the funeral obsequies of his old friend; and so, rather than attempt to paint the picture from imagination, he gladly avails himself [368/369] again of the courtesy of his brother-author who is so generous as to lend the aid of his experience. [new paragraph] In these sympathetic words, Mr. Findon describes the scenes and incidents in which, as a chief mourner, he took part at the Chapel Royal and St. Paul's Cathedral: <blockquote>". . . As the casket was borne into the Chapel, it was impossible to avoid thinking of those days when Sullivan himself had worn the gold and scarlet coat of a Chapel Royal Chorister, and his sweet young voice had rung through the sacred edifice. Then the world and its honours lay before him, but we doubt if even in the most sanguine moments of impulsive boyhood he imagined the greatness that one day would be his, or that his bier would pass within those honoured walls amid the silent demonstration of a mourning people. The anthem, 'Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,' from his oratorio 'The Light of the World,' was beautifully sung, and the pathos of the music bathed many a face in tears, and touched a tender spot in more than one loving heart. Another of the dead master's exquisite thoughts, ' Wreaths for our graves the Lord has given,' brought the Service at the Chapel Royal to an end, and the procession passed on its way to St. Paul's Cathedral, which was crowded with sympathetic spectators. "Clerical etiquette and cathedral dignity compelled the beginning of the Burial Service anew, and when the coffin had been lowered into the crypt there came the most poignant moment of the long ceremonial. [new paragraph] "Close to the open vault sat the members of the Savoy Opera Company, including his life-long friend, Mr. Francois Cellier, who had been associated as chef d'orchestre with all his comic operas, and, after [369/370] the Benediction had been given, they sang in voices charged with emotion the touching chorus, 'Brother, thou art gone before us,' from ' The Martyr of Antioch.' The effect was quite remarkable, inasmuch as it was one of those incidents which come but rarely in a life-time."</blockquote>It was not in London alone that people mourned for Arthur Sullivan on that November day. Throughout Great Britain and Ireland, on the Continent of Europe, in America and farther across the seas, thousands of fond and grateful hearts ached with grief at the thought that England's dear master of melody had passed away into the silent land. From high-born personages and from people of low estate came floral emblems, wreaths, crosses, and lyres innumerable. Conspicuous among them was a beautiful harp of purple blossoms with strings — one broken — of white violets. To this offering was attached a card bearing the inscription:<blockquote>In Memoriam ARTHUR SEYMOUR SULLIVAN Born 13 May, 1842. Died 22 Nov., 1900 FROM MR. D'OYLY CARTE'S "ROSE OF PERSIA" TOURING COMPANY IN TOKEN OF THEIR AFFECTIONATE REGARD <poem>Dear Master, since thy magic harp is broken, Where shall we find new melodies^ to sing? The grief we feel may not in words be spoken; Our voices with thy songs now heav'nward wing. Whilst on thy tomb we lay this humble token Of love which to thy memory shall cling.</poem> BELFAST, 24th November, 1900.</blockquote> [370/371] These simple lines but half expressed the love and esteem in which Sir Arthur Sullivan was held by all whose privilege it was to have been associated with him, and to have served, however humbly, his proud and brilliant life-cause.</quote> (Cellier, François, and Cunningham Bridgeman. Gilbert and Sullivan and their operas: with recollections and anecdotes of D. Pp. 366-371. Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=Au05AAAAIAAJ.) ====30 November 1900, Friday==== The wedding between Lady Randolph Churchill and George Cornwallis West at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, occurred about this time. [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] attended, as did much of Society (1900-07-30 Times). ===December 1900=== ===25 December 1900, Tuesday==== Christmas Day ====26 December 1900, Wednesday==== Boxing Day ===Works Cited=== *[1900-02-14 Morning Post] "The Household Troops. Entertainment at Her Majesty's." Morning Post 14 February 1900, Wednesday: 3 [of 10], Col. 1a–2b [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19000214/014/0003 (accessed February 2020). *[1900-07-30 Hull Daily Mail] "Social Record." Hull Daily Mail 30 July 1900, Monday: 2 [of 6], Col. 5a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000324/19000730/007/0002 (accessed July 2019). *[1900-07-30 Times] "Court Circular." Times, 30 July 1900, p. 6. The Times Digital Archive, http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/AHR8r5. Accessed 20 June 2019. *[1900-11-10 Yorkshire Post] "Court and Personal." Yorkshire Post 10 November 1900, Saturday: 6 [of 14], Col. 4c [of 8]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19001110/099/0006 (accessed July 2019). *Greville, Lady Violet. "Place aux Dames." The Graphic 17 February 1900, Saturday: 7 [of 40], Col.1a–2a, 2c [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000057/19000217/008/0007 (accessed July 2019). [Col. 2c only for the last 2 paragraphs, not really relevant to Muriel Wilson] ==1901== ===January=== "There were no winter performances of opera at Covent Garden in those times: there was, in 1901, only a summer season" (Baring-Gould II 704, n. 14, quoting Rolfe Boswell). ====1 January 1901, Tuesday, New Year's Day==== ====16 January 1901, Wednesday==== Arnold Dolmetsch sent out notices that he was moving to 85 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square (Campbell 137-38). ====22 January 1901, Tuesday==== Queen Victoria died at Osborne House, on the Isle of Wight. ====23 January 1901, Wednesday==== Edward VII formally proclaimed “King of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, Defender of the Faith” "at Temple Bar, on St. Paul's Cathedral steps and at the Royal Exchange." "The Privy Council met in St. James' Palace at 2 o'clock in the afternoon for the purpose of signing the accession proclamation of Edward VII. The attendance at the meeting of the Council was more than 200." (Merrill, Arthur Lawrence, and Henry Davenport Northrop. Life and Times of Queen Victoria: Containing a Full Account of the Most Illustrious Reign of Any Soveriegn in the History of the World, Including the Early Life of Victoria; Her Accession to the Throne and Coronation; Marriage to Prince Albert; Great Events During Her Brilliant Reign; Personal Traits and Characteristics That Endeared Her to Her People; Graphic Descriptions of Her Charming Home Life; Noble Qualities as Wife and Mother; Royal Castles; Public Receptions; Wonderful Growth of the British Empire, Etc. To Which is Added the Life of King Edward VII., and Sketches of the Members of the Royal Family. Philadelphia, PA: World Bible House, 1901. Page 437. Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=Kx48AQAAIAAJ) ====26 January 1901, Saturday==== Arnold Dolmetsch gave a performance at his new domicile at 85 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square (Campbell 137-38). ===February 1901=== ====2 February 1901, Saturday==== Queen Victoria’s funeral at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Chapel. Consuelo (Vanderbilt), Duchess of Marlborough was there: <blockquote>The service itself was magnificent. The stalls of the Knights of the Garter were occupied by the German Emperor and a dazzling array of kings, queens, ambassadors extraordinary, Indian princes, Colonial dignitaries, generals, admirals and courtiers. Consuelo wore the prescribed deep black mourning and crepe veil, which rather suited her, and it had the effect of extracting what she describes as a 'rare compliment' from her husband who remarked: 'If I die, I see you will not remain a widow long' — a conceit which suggests that he was more of his father's son than he cared to acknowledge. Consuelo later reflected that the funeral of Queen Victoria was a moment when it truly appeared that no other country in the world had an aristocrac so magnificent, nor a civil service so dedicated, which is precisely what was intended. The great doors were flung open as the royal cortege mounted the steps, a boom of distant guns and clanging swords the only sound other than the funeral march, until Margot Asquith broke the reverential silence with a quip. Consuelo thoroughly enjoyed herself at the reception in the Waterloo Chamber afterwards too. (Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie. Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and a Mother in the Gilded Age. New York and London: HarperCollins, 1005. Page 228. Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=44mhoIv12rEC)</blockquote> Also Henry James saw the funeral procession. ====3 February 1901, Sunday==== 1901 February 2–4?: Queen Victoria lay in state for 2 days between her funeral and her interment. ====4 February 1901, Monday==== Queen Victoria’s interment at Frogmore Mausoleum, Windsor Great Park. ====23 February 1901, Saturday==== The wedding of Hugh Richard Arthur, 2nd Duke of Westminster and Constance Edwina Cornwallis-West (1901-02-23 Cheshire Observer). ===March 1901=== Sometime in March 1901 Arthur Conan Doyle and Fletcher Robinson "were on a golfing holiday at the Royal Links Hotel at Cromer in Norfolk," where Robinson told Doyle a Dartmoor legend of "a spectral hound" (Baring-Gould II 113). Doyle's "The Hound of the Baskervilles" began publication in the ''Strand'' in January 1902. ===April 1901=== ====18-20 April 1901, Thursday-Saturday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] and Mrs. Beerbohm Tree took part in 3 performances of <quote>Masks and Faces. The matinées have been organized by [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. Arthur Wilson]], of Tranby Croft, in aid of the local fund of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Families Association. It was originally intended that the matinées should have been given in January last, but, owing to the death of Queen Victoria, they were postponed until Thursday, Friday, and Saturday last week. Additional interest was centered in the event, owing to the cast including no less a name than that of Mrs. Beerbohm Tree, while the fact that Miss Muriel Wilson was to appear as Peg Woffington aroused expectation.</quote> (1901-04-25 Stage) ===May 1901=== '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Ladies' Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Yesterday the annual show of the Ladies' Kennel Association was held in the Royal Botanical Gardens, Regent's Park, and attracted a highly fashionable gathering. Among the ladies represented were Princess Victor Dhuleep Singh, Princess Sophie Dhuleep Singh, the Marchioness of Nottingham, the Duchess of Sutherland, the Countess of Aberdeen, Lady Evelyn Ewart, Lady Helen Forbes, the Hon. Mrs. Baillie, Lady Moor, the Hon. Mrs. Alwyne Greville, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], Lady Alwyne Compton, Lady Chetwode, Lady Cathcart, Lady Angela Forbes, the Hon. Mrs. Fellowes, Lady Gooch, Princess de Montglyon, and Viscountess Southwell, Mrs. Samuelson, Miss Serena, Mrs. Bosanquet, Mrs. Williams, and Mrs. Ingle Bepler. Cats and poultry are also exhibited.<ref>"Ladies' Dog Show." ''Birmingham Daily Gazette'' 31 May 1901, Friday: 6 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000667/19010531/124/0006. Print p. 6.</ref></blockquote> ===June 1901=== Summer 1901: William B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ====17 June 1901, Monday==== <quote>The "Women Writers" held their dinner at the Criterion on Monday, the 17th. Now Mr. Stephen Gwynn, in his paper entitled "A Theory of Talk," roundly asserts that women are less amusing than men. He says that there is no reason in nature why they should be, but that their inferiority is obvious. He points out that "thirty or forty men will meet at seven o'clock, dine together, and pass the evening very agreeably till midnight. Imagine thirty or forty women called upon to do the same; would they be able to amuse themselves?" It seems almost a pity that the exclusiveness of the women writers would not allow Mr. Gwynn personally to observe whether they were amused or bored on Monday night. In number there were nearly two hundred, and there certainly did not appear to be any lack of enjoyment or of laughter, but then it is also a fundamental belief with men that women are early adepts at hiding their true feelings. / Lucas Malet occupied the chair, and her carefully prepared speech was read out by Miss Sydney Phelps. Standing at the base of the statue of one of the world's greatest authors, and that, we regret to say, not a woman but a "mere man," Miss Phelps, speaking for Lucas Malet, said there was good cause for women to congratulate themselves that, whereas there had been Thackeray, Dickens, the brothers Kingsley, and Wilkie Collins among authors, authoresses could boast of George Eliot, Mrs. Gaskell, [33 Col B / 34 Col A] Miss Yonge, &c, and she felt that in the future they might equal, she would not say rival, their "brother man." At this courageous vaunt our glance involuntarily strayed to the statue, anticipating that it would be moved to at least a wink; but overwhelmed, perhaps, by the presence of so many "sisterwomen," it gave no sign. The speech was long, lasting for over thirty minutes. It touched on the evils of lowering work to what might be a present commercial but fleeting value; it contained much that was excellent, and tendered some good sound advice; perhaps it dwelt a trifle too insistently upon the obvious, and it was serious even to solemnity. But then "women are so serious." / Mme. Sarah Grand's reply was couched in far lighter vein. It slipped into the anecdotal, and was altogether more in the masculine line of after-dinner speaking. It offered no advice save on the advisability of laughter; it lingered for a moment on the sorrows of misinterpretation and misunderstanding, and included some amusing examples. Mme. Sarah Grand possesses a sympathetic voice, and is very pleasant to listen to. / It is characteristic of the gravity with which even in play hours women regard their "work" that the majority of guests preferred the more serious matter of Lucas Malet to the light personal note of Mme. Grand. The dinner itself was very good, and it was noticeable that whilst at the Authors' dinner on May 1 but few women availed themselves of the permission to smoke, at the women's function scarcely one was without a cigarette. Coffee was served at the table, and afterwards the company broke up into groups. / The committee numbered among its members Miss Beatrice Harraden, Mrs. Steel, Mrs. Craigie, Miss Christabel Coleridge, Miss Violet Hunt, and many other favourite writers. In the company present there were Dr. Jex-Blake, Mrs. Ady, Dr. Margaret Todd, Miss Adeline Sergeant, Mrs. Mona Caird, Mrs. Burnett-Smith, Mme. Albanesi, Miss Nora Maris, Miss Kenealy, and others; and the following presided at the tables : Lucas Malet, Mme. Sarah Grand, Mrs. de la Pasture, Miss Montresor, the Lady Mayoress, Mrs. L. T. Meade, Mrs. Alec Tweedie, Mrs. Walford, Mrs. B. M. Croker, Miss Violet Hunt, Miss Beatrice Harraden, Mrs. Belloc Lowndes, Miss Violet Brooke-Hunt, Miss Thorneycroft Fowler.</quote> ("The Women Writers' Dinner." The Author. Vol. XII, No. 2. 1 July 1901. Pp. 33–34.) ====26 June 1901, Wednesday==== There was apparently a regular celebration of Arthur Collins' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, Arthur Sullivan, Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902. ====29 June 1901, Saturday==== "To-day sees the public inauguration of the Horniman Musem at Forest Hill. This collection of marvels from many lands, gathered together by a member of the Horniman family, has been generously presented to the public and housed in a handsome new building — set in the midst of fifteen acres, which are now dedicated to use as a public park. The entrance to the museum will be free." ("The Horniman Museum." Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, June 29, 1901; pg. 928; Issue 3245, Col. B) ===July 1901=== ====19 July 1901, Friday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. Arthur Wilson]] hosted a concert at the Wilson house in Grosvenor-place in London: <quote>Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wilson lent their house in Grosvenor-place on Friday afternoon for Miss Gwendoline Brogden’s concert. Miss Brogden, who is only eleven years old, is quite a prodigy. She sings quite exquisitely, and great many people, including Lady de Grey and Mrs. Arthur Wilson, are much interested in her future, which promises to be a very brilliant one. Lady Maud Warrender, Miss Rosamond Tufton, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]], Mr. Bernard Ralt, Signor Ancona, and Signor Tosti, all promised to assist at the concert, and the tickets were a guinea each.</quote> (1901-07-24 Beverley Echo) ==== 25 July 1901, Thursday, 2:30 p.m. ==== The wedding of William Dixon Mann Thomson — Captain Mann Thomson in the Life Guards — and Violet Hemsley Duncan. Captain Mann Thomson's father had died in 1899. (Guests' names with their gifts set as an unordered list here, to save space; it was typeset as a long list of paragraphs in the newspaper story.)<blockquote>MARRIAGE OF CAPTAIN MANN THOMSON AND MISS DUNCAN. The marriage of Captain Mann Thomson, Royal Horse Guards, and Miss Violet Duncan, eldest daughter of Mr. A. Lauderdale Duncan, Knossington Grange, Oakham, took place in St. Peter's Chnrch, Eaton-square, London, on Thursday, the inst., 2.30 p.m. The bride, who was given away her father, wore a dress of white satin, draped with white and old Brussels lace, wreath of orange blossoms, and tulle veil. Her ornaments were pearls. She was attended by seven bridesmaids, viz.: — Miss Adèle, Miss Marjory, and Miss Esmè Duncan, sisters; Miss Dorothy and Miss Sybil Thompson, cousins of the bride; Miss Villiers, cousin of the bridegroom; and Miss Joan Dawson. They wore dresses of the palest pink silk, covered with pink gauze, collars of white lace, and pale pink chiffon baby hats. The bride's train was carried by Miss Duncan, her youngest sister. The bridesmaids carried bouquets of pink carnations, and wore diamond brooches in the shape of a violet with sapphire centre, the gifts the bridegroom. A detachment of non-commissioned officers and men of the bridegroom's troop lined the aisle during the ceremony. The bridegroom was supported by the Earl Arran as best man. The officiating clergy were the Rev. Ravenscroft Stewart, Vicar of All Saints', Ennismore-gardens, the Rev. G. Tanner, Rector of St. Peter's, Knossington, Leicestershire, and the Rev. H. Trower. After the ceremony, a reception was held at 8, Rutland-gate, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Lauderdale Duncan. Among those present were the Duke and Duchess of Westminster, Dowager Countess of Chesterfield, Sir William and Lady Houldsworth, the Hon. C. and Mrs. Stanhope, Miss Hay, Lord and Lady Eglinton, Lord and Lady Castlereagh, Lord Ernest St. Maur, Lord and Lady Pembroke, Mrs. Adair, Mrs. Mann Thomson, Miss Mann Thompson, Earl Arran, Lord Cecil Manners, Mrs. and Miss Wilton Phipps, and many others. Later, the bride and bridegroom left for Dover, ''en route'' for the Continent, where they will spend the honeymoon. The bride's travelling dress was of pale blue crepe-de-chine, and black hat. There were about five hundred gifts from relations and friends. The following is a list:— * Bridegroom to Bride — Large diamond spray * Mrs. Mann Thomson (mother of bridegroom) — Diamond ring, diamond and sapphire bangle, and cheque * Mr. Lauderdale (father of bride) — Diamond and sapphire necklace * Mrs. Duncan (mother of bride) — Silver-mounted travelling bag * Dowager Lady Hay (bride's aunt) — Silver tea service * Miss Mann Thomson (bridegroom's sister) — Brougham * Mr. and Mrs. Butler Duncan (uncle and aunt) — Gold-mounted claret jug * The Misses Jackson (bridegroom's aunts) — Silver plate * Mr. H. Mann Thomson (brother) — Silver-mounted portmanteau * Mr. Charles Hunt — Diamond and pearl brooch * Miss Adele Duncan — Gold match-box * The Earl Arran — Gold cigarette case * Mr. and Mrs. Lucas — Bracelet * Earl of Arran — Set of diamond and pearl studs * Capt. and Lady Riddell — Bracelet * Mrs. and Miss Wilton Phipps — Gold and ruby buckle * Hon. H. Stanhope, R.N. — Brilliant buckle * Mr. and Mrs. Pennington — Ruby necklace * Mr. A. Butler Duncan — Necklace (old design) * Mr. and Mrs. Gervase Beckett — Sleeve links * Duke and Duchess of Westminster—Pair of silver candlesticks * Duchess of Roxburgh—Dresden china coffee service * The Countess of Shaftesbury — Walking-stick * The Earl of Arran — Umbrella * Lady Napier Magdala — Snuff-box * Sir Richard Waldie Griffith — Fan * Officers of the Royal Horse Guards — Massive silver vase * Lady Houldsworth — Silver inkstand * Viscount Ingestre — Silver waiter * Miss Hay — Silver coffee pot * Lady Hay — Silver tea caddy * The Countess of Chesterfield — Silver and brilliant-mounted photo frame * Lord Manners — Set four silver candlesticks * Lord and Lady Eglinton — Silver cigarette box * Earl and Countess of Ancaster — Pair of silver peppers * Lady Augusta Noel — Book-slide * Mr. and Mrs. Bradley-Martin — Old china coffee service in case * Mr. and Lady Wilfred Renshaw — Leather-covered book, "Where It?" * Mrs. Duncan — Silver-mounted stationery case and blotter * Sir Arthur Fludyer — Hunting crop * Lady Katherine Cole — Walking-stick * Lord Hamilton — Oak card table * Sir John Kelk — Writing case * Capt. Hon. E. St. Aubyn — Set of silver spoons in case * Capt. and Mrs. Burns-Hartopp — Set of silver asparagus tongs in case * Capt. Trotter — Silver sealing-wax stand * Capt. E. W. Clowes — Silver tobacco box * Mr. and Mrs. Sands Clayton — Silver scent bottle * Mr. and Mrs. John Hunt Clayton — Thermometer in silver-mounted case * Mr. and Mrs. Evan Hanbury — Clock * Major Atherley — Cigarette box * Mr. and Mrs. Richard Tryon — Card case * Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton Stubber — Table mirror in silver frame * Mr. and Mrs. Gretton — Pair of silver candlesticks * Miss Adele Duncan — Silver tea service * Hon. G. Crichton — Silver-mounted paper-knife * Mrs. Norman Lampson — Parasol * Capt. Gregson — Photo, "Guards at Pretoria" * Mr. Alfred Keyser — Leather bag * Mr. and Mrs. Armytage — lvory paper knife * Mrs. Boyce — Leather tray with two painted china plaques * Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Norman — Silver-mounted paper knife * The Master of Elibank — Pair of silver ash trays * Mr. Adrian Rose — Pair of silver toast racks * Mr. Archibald Smith — Hunting crop * Major Bradford Atkinson — Walking-stick * Mr. and Mrs. Stanhope — Painted china tea service * Mr. G. A. Grant — Stationery case * Mrs. Charles Inge — Copper and brass jardiniere * Col. and Mrs. Makins — Hunting crop * Mr. G. F. Trotter — Walking stick * Mr. and Misses Cardwell — Fan * Mrs. Dana — Thermometer * Mrs. Nugent — Card case * Mr. and Mrs. Ovey — Tortoiseshell box * Mr. F. Peake — Writing table * Capt. Boyce — Embroidered table cover * Mrs. Duncan — Dressing bag case * Mr. F. C. Fardell and Miss Gilbert Day — Brocaded satin cushion * Mr. and Mrs. Niel Robson — Visiting book * Mrs. R. B. Hay — Silver salts in case * Mr. and Mrs. Harold Broadbent — Pair silver peppers in case * —— Set silver knives in case * Mr. and Mrs. Greville Clayton — Six silver vases in case * Mr. and Mrs. Reginald H. Lewis — Pair silver peppers * Lord Ernest St. Maur — Set four silver fruit spoons in case * Rev. Geo. and Mrs. Tanner — Pair of silver salts * Capt. Thomson's Valet and Groom — Pair of silver peppers * Mr. Alick Duncan — Silver jug * Mr. and Mrs. A. Brocklehurst — Silver timepiece in case * Lieut.-Col. and Mrs. Blackburn — Silver fruit spoon * Mr. and Lady Georgiana Mure — Silver-mounted ink [sic] * Mrs. Gerald Fitzgerald — Silver-mounted inkstand * Mrs. Ruthven — Set of silver knives in case * Mrs. Blair — Umbrella * Mrs. Willie Lawson — Hunting crop * —— Three driving whips * —— Tea tray * Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay — Umbrella * Mr. George Hunt — Silver flower bowl * Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Cookson — Silver biscuit box * Mr. Arthur and V. James — Silver two-handled cup and cover * Mr. Robbio Stubber — Pair of silver scent bottles * Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Baird — Silver bowl * Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Broadley — Pair of silver flower vases * Mrs. Grant—Silver flower-pot stand * Mrs. Villiers — Silver corkscrew * Capt. Spender Clay — Antique silver snuffbox * Mr. and Mrs. Weir — Silver bacon dish * Mr. Baird — Pair of silver candlesticks * Mr. Athol Hay — Silver sugar bowl * Capt. Ewing — Pair of silver fruit dishes * Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Phillips — Pair of silver baskets * Miss Esmé Duncan — Silver box * Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Paton — lvory paper knife * Dr. Freshfleld — Work case * Mrs. Arkwright — Silver-mounted blotter * Mr. and Mrs. Peake — Silver-mounted stationery case * Miss Goddard — Book * Mr. D. Baird — Silver inkstand * J. G. and Jane B. Hay — lnkpot, with silver watch top * Mr. and Mrs. Wadsworth Ritchie — Pair of silver dishes in case * Mr. and Mrs. Guy Fenwick — Set of twelve silver knives in case * Jane and Uncle Willie — Silver sugar basin in case * Mr. and Miss Millington Knowles — Set of four silver dessert spoons in ease * Herbert and Lady Beatrix Herbert — Silver flower dish * Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Thorneycroft — Four silver candlesticks * Mr. and Mrs. Russell? M [illegible, ink has spread] — Silver bowl [Col. 2c / Col. 3a] * Mr., Mrs., and the Misses Wm. Cooper — Fan * Miss Winearls — Silver-mounted scent bottle * Sir Ernest Cassel — Diamond and enamel brooch * Mr. John S. Cavendish — Gold pencil case * —— Diamond and sapphire bracelet * Miss Lottie Coats — Diamond and pearl brooch * Hon. T. Robarts — Diamond brooch * Mr. and Mrs. Chas. E. Hay — Enamel and pearl miniature holder * Evelyn Ward — Cornomandel [sic] box * Mr. and Mrs. Slade — China clock * Lieut.-Col. Jervoise — Fan * Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Fergusson—Set of four silver menu holders * Mr. Guy R. F. Dawson — Silver card case * Rev. E. V. and Mrs. Hodge — Silver dish * Mr. C. S. and Mrs. Newton — Silver waiter * Mrs. Metcalfe — Gold, turquoise, and ruby brooch * Lord and Lady Erne — Set of three gilt decorated liqueur decanters * Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Grant — Two silver-mounted spirit decanters * Mr. and Mrs. George Baird — Set of three cut-glass decanters * Mr. Peter Cookson—Pair of silver-mounted decanters * Mrs. Featherstonehaugh — China ornament * Aunt Mary — China coffee service in case * Mr. H. S. Sykes — Silver-mounted telegram form case * Capt. Meade — Pair of engraved claret jugs * Lord and Lady Binning — Silver-mounted claret jug * Mr. and Mrs. Baldock — Silver-mounted water jug, with inscription * Mrs. and the Misses Chaplin — Pair of gilt decorated vases * —— Silver-mounted claret jug * Kittie, Margie, Hestie, Walter, Phillip, and Millicent Tanner — Pair of silver peppers case * Mr. J. R. J. Logan — Silver-mounted claret jug * Miss Ethel Baird — Painted china box * Mrs. D. A. Neilson — Pair of female figures with Cupids * M. M. Phillips — Painted china miniature box * Lady Waldie Griffith — Stationery case * —— Painted two-fold screen * Miss Mabel Fitzgerald — Silver-mounted vase * Major Bouverie — Silver-mounted match holder * —— Enamelled inkstand and candlesticks to match * Mrs. Duncan — Stationery case and blotter * —— Silver-mounted stationery case * —— Tortoiseshell and silver-mounted paper-knife * Miss Mills — Dresden china vase, cover, and stand * —— Six Vols. of Ruskin's "Modern Painters" * Mrs. W. Baird — Leather bag * Miss Langridge — Four silver spoons * Miss Kirk and Miss Hemsley — Silver-mounted photo frame * Miss Nessie Hemsley — Silver-mounted photo frame * Captain and Mrs. St. Aubyn Loftus — Silver vase * Decima Walker Leigh — Pair of silver-mounted menu stands * Mrs. Charles Thomson — Mirror in silver frame * Miss Reese — Silver crumb scoop * —— Silver-mounted seal and case * Mary Abercorn Alexander and Gladys Hamilton — Silver inkstand * Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Chaplin — Silver pen, pencil, and knife in case * Miss Gwendoline Brassey — Silver-mounted ice pail * Mr. and Mrs. and Misses Clifford Chaplin — Pair of silver candlesticks * Mr. and Mrs. Magee — lvory paper knife * Misses Dorothy and Maude Pilcher — Scent bottle * Miss Ashton — Silver-mounted clock * Mrs. William Clarence and Miss Watson — Silver crumb scoop * Major and Mrs. Ed. Baird — Egg-boiler on silver stand * Mr. A. F. H. Fergusson — Pair of silver coffee pots * —— Table mirror * —— Pair of silver vases * Mrs. R. B. Mnir — Silver fox ornament * Mr. H. Brassey and Mr. H. R. Molynenx — Silver teapot * —— Pair of silver sauce boats * Mr. and Mrs. Heathcote — Silver cream jug * Misses Thompson — Silver photo frame * Mr. C. D. Rose — Pair of silver fruit dishes * Mr. T. Archibald Hope — Silver toast-rack * Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hunt — Pair of silver sauce boats * Major and Mrs. Candy — Pair of silver fruit baskets * Misses Trefusis — Silver-mounted owl mustard-pot * Mrs. Frank Chaplin — Silver photo frame * Major Vaughan Lee — Silver waiter * Major Byng — Pair of silver menu stands * Lady Wilton — Silver photo stand * Geoffrey and Sibyll Palmer — Scent bottle * Dr. Clement Godson — Silver salad cruet * Mr. Mackenzie — Silver cigar case * Mr. G. Colvin White — Set of four silver trays * Mr. Edgar Brassey — Silver pipe lighter * Miss Emily Dawson — Photo frame * Mrs. Gerald FitzGerald — Silver match-box holder * A. Barns — Silver waiter * Miss Palmer — Letter-clip and dish * Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Coventry — Photo frame * —— Silver bowl three feet * Mr. and Mrs. Hornsby — Openwork silver basket * —— Antique silver box * Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Baird — Silver coffee-pot * —— Pair of silver salts * Mr. Hugh Wanemley — Silver-gilt match-box * Captain Gordon Wilson — Silver snuff-box * Mrs. Whitelaw — Silver mustard-pot * Mrs. Palmer — Silver spoon * Mr. Dudley Majoribanks — Silver bowl and cover * Mr. Wilfred F. Ricardo — Pair silver candlesticks * Indoor Servants at Knossington Grange and 8, Rutland Gate — Breakfast warmer and two silver entree dishes and covers * Outdoor Servants at Knossington Grange — Silver stationery case * Mr. Waterman (coachman) — Driving-whip * Mr. Alexander (coachman) and Mrs. Alexander — lnk-stand * Villagers of Knossington — Silver sugar bowl, sugar tongs, and cream ewer in case * Silver vase, with inscription — "Capt. Mann Thomson, Royal Horse Guards, from the Estate and Household at Dalkeith, on the occasion of his marriage, 25th July, 1901." * Miss Baldock — Pair of scent bottles * Captain Cook — Paper-knife * Sir A. Baird — Pair of silver muffineers * Rev. H. W. Trower — Pair of silver peppers * Mr. T. Vandeleur — Silver cigarette box * Lady Miller — Silver milk jug * Mr. Hedworth Barclay — Silver muffineer * Miss May A. Jackson — Photo frame * Mr. Geoffrey Heneage — Silver ash tray * Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Hay — Pair silver mustard-pots * Mrs. George Charteris — Silver-mounted calendar * Royal School of Art Needlework, Exhibition-road — Silvered copper heart-shaped box * Mr. A. C. Newbigging — Silver fox ornament * Mr. S. Schreiber — Silver match box * Mr. and Mrs. J. H. J. Phillips — Silver muffineers * Mr. and Mrs. Fyfe Jameson — Silver flask * Mrs. Beaumont Lubbock — Silver bon-bon dish * Lord Castlereagh — Salad bowl * Captain Hambro — Silver card case * Lord Longford — Silver bowl * Captain —— Silver waiter * Mrs. Forester — Silver frame * Mrs. Martin — Tea cloth * Mr. and Mrs. Cooper — Whip * Earl Lonsdale — Silver tray * Lady Augusta Fane — Red box * Mr. Paul Phipps — Clippers * Mr. E. Herlick — lnkstand<ref>"Marriage of Captain Mann Thomson and Miss Duncan." ''Grantham Journal'' 27 July 1901 Saturday: 2 [of 8], Cols. 2a–3b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000400/19010727/003/0002.</ref> </blockquote> ===August 1901=== ====30 August 1901, Friday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Horos|The Horoses]] (troublesome members of the Golden Dawn) were thrown out of 99 Gower Street and moved to Gloucester Crescent (King 89 91). ===October 1901=== ====31 October 1901, Thursday==== Halloween. ===November 1901=== ====5 November 1901, Tuesday==== Guy Fawkes Day ===December 1901=== ====25 December 1901, Wednesday==== Christmas Day ====26 December 1901, Thursday==== Boxing Day ===Works Cited=== *[1901-02-23 Cheshire Observer] "Duke of Westminster. Brilliant Function." Cheshire Observer 23 February 2901, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 1a–6c [of 8]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000157/19010223/114/0006 (accessed July 2019). *[1901-04-25 Stage] "Provinces." "Amateurs." The Stage 25 April 1901, Thursday: 11 [of 24], Col. 3c, 4b–c [of 5]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001179/19010425/028/0011 (accessed July 2019). *[1901-07-24 Beverley Echo] "Stray Notes." Beverley Echo 24 July 1901, Wednesday: 2 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 6]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001561/19010724/037/0002 (accessed July 2019). ==1902== Sometime in 1902, London publisher [[Social Victorians/People/Working in Publishing#George Newnes|George Newnes]] published an edition of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s first (1892) collection of Holmes stories. ===January 1902=== ====1 January 1902, Wednesday, New Year's Day==== ===February 1902=== ==== 13 February 1902, Thursday ==== King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were present with some of their friends at Niagara, which must have been an ice-skating rink. Mr. and [[Social Victorians/People/Churchill|Mrs. George West]] are Lady Randolph Churchill and George Cornwallis-West.<blockquote>SOCIAL & PERSONAL Royalty at Niagara. Quite a record audience was present at Niagara yesterday, when the free skating and waltzing competitions were skated off to the sound of gay music in a brightly lighted, warm atmosphere. The royal box made a goodly show with its trappings of Oriental hangings and decorations of palms. The Royal Box. The King and Queen were accompanied by Princess Victoria and Prince and Princess Charles of Denmark, the Prince and Princess of Wales having previously arrived. Their Majesties were conducted to the spacious box by Mr. Hayes Fisher. All the royal ladies wore black, the Queen adding a bunch of yellow Lent lilies to her sombre attire. Her two daughters lightened their mourning with touches of white, and the Princess of Wales wore a bunch of violets in her toque, with a twist of white. In the adjoining box, among members of the suite were the Countess of Gosford, Earl Howe, Mr. Sidney Greville, Mr. H. J. Stonor, Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, Lieut.-Colonel Legge, and Viscount Crichton. In boxes on the other side of the royal box were Lady Alice Stanley, with the Ladies Acheson, the Countess of Derby, Countess De Grey and Lady Juliet Lowther, [Col. 3c/4b] Mr. and [[Social Victorians/People/Churchill|Mrs. George West]] [Lady Randolph Churchill and George Cornwallis-West], Sir Edgar and Lady Helen Vincent, the Duchess of Bedford and the Marquis of Tavistock, [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de Soveral, the Portuguese Minister]], and Viscount and Viscountess Falmouth. Others to be picked out in the crowd were Consuelo Duchess of Manchester, Viscountess Coke and Mrs. Ellis, Lady Archibald Campbell and her son, Mrs. Grenander, Lord and Lady Lilford, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stonor, Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], Mr. Algernon Grosvenor, and Mr. and Mrs. Hwfa Williams. The royal party took a great interest in the contests, and especially applauded the Swedish couple in their graceful evolutions. Their Majesties remained over an hour, the royal party taking their departure shortly after five.<ref>"Social & Personal." ''Daily Express'' 14 February 1902, Friday: 4 [of 8], Cols. 3c–4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020214/088/0004. Print p. 4.</ref></blockquote> ===March 1902=== The last time Bret Harte and Arthur Collins saw each other: "They dined at the Royal Thames Yacht Club, and Collins found his 'poor old friend' 'saldly aged and broken, but genial and kind as ever.' They sat an hour at a music hall and Harte wrote afterwards to thank Collins for having 'forced him out.'" (Nissen, Axel. Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper. Jackson, MS: U P of Mississippi, 2000: 262) ===April 1902=== ====9 April 1902, Wednesday==== According to a letter to Lady Gregory, [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] dictated "2000 words in an hour and a half" "to a typewriter; he was working on his novel (Wade 370). At this point, a typewriter was a person who used the machine called typewriter to type. ====10 April 1902, Thursday==== [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] wrote to Lady Gregory from 18 Woburn Buildings about working on his novel "-- dictating to a typewriter" (Wade 370). ===May 1902=== ====5 May 1902, Monday==== Bret Harte died. Arthur Collins does not seem to have been there at his death; “his dear friend Madame Van de Velde and her attendants” were, though (Pemberton, T. Edgar. The Life of Bret Harte. Dodd, Meade, 1903. http://books.google.com/books?id=eZMOAAAAMAAJ). Not sure when the funeral occurred, but he is buried “in quiet Frimly churchyard,” (341) and <quote>In accordance with his well-known views on such subjects the funeral was a very simple one. Among the few who followed him to his ivy-lined grave were Mrs. Bret Harte, his son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Francis King Harte, his daughter, Miss Ethel Harte, Madame Van de Velde, Colonel Collins, Mr. A.S. Boyd, and a small cluster of grief-stricken friends.</quote> (Pemberton, T. Edgar. The Life of Bret Harte. Dodd, Meade, 1903. http://books.google.com/books?id=eZMOAAAAMAAJ (accessed November 2014). ====8 May 1902, Thursday==== <quote>On Thursday, May 8, 1902, in the squat, mid-Victorian church of St. Peter's in the Surrey village of Frimley, a group of about twenty people had come to show their final respects to Francis Bret Harte. Outside it was raining steadily . In the subdued light from the stained-glass windows, one cold discern a small group at the front of the church consisting of Anna Harte, her son Frank, her daughter-in-law Aline, and her daughter Ethel. Another small group was formed around Madame Van de Velde, including one of her unmarried daughters, Miss Norris (the sister of her son-in-law Richard Norris), and Mrs. Clavering Lyne. Of Harte's closest friend, only Arthur Collins and Alexander Stuart Boyd were present. Pemberton had written to Frank the day before that he wished to attend the funeral but that in his "deplorable state of health" it was impossible for him to travel. Beside the small group of family and old friends, the rest of the people who heard the service conducted by the rector of Frimley, Reverend W. Basset, were recent acquaintances from among the local gentry. As one newspaper noted: "The funeral was of the simplest possible character and the phrase 'this our brother' had a peculiar poignancy, for, though a group of villagers stood in the rain under the trees as the hearse arrived, there were few in the church, who had not the right to call Mr. Bret Harte friend." The simplicity of the service was in keeping with Bret Harte's wishes.</quote> (Nissen, Axel. Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper. Jackson, MS: U P of Mississippi, 2000: 263) ===June 1902=== Summer 1902: W. B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until Yeats bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?) ====3 June 1902, Tuesday==== [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] wrote Arnold Dolmetsch, asking him to "chair ... a lecture he [was] soon to give": "You are the only one, I suppose, in the world now, who knows anything about the old music that was half speech, and I need hardly say that neither [[Social Victorians/People/Florence Farr|Miss Farr]] nor myself, could have done anything in this matter of speaking to notes without your help" (Campbell 142). ====7-9 June 1902, Saturday-Monday==== The [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Earl and Countess of Warwick]] hosted a house party: <quote>The Earl and Countess of Warwick entertained a distinguished house party from Saturday to yesterday, including the Grand Duke Michael of Russia and the Countess of Torby, the Earl and Countess of Craven, the Earl and Countess of Kilmorey, Earl Cairns, Lord and Lady Savile, Lord Chesham, Sir Frederick and Lady Milner, Colonel and Lady Gwendoline Colvin. Lady Margaret Orr-Ewing, Lady Eva Dugdale. Mrs. Kenneth Wilson, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]], Right Hon. H. Chaplin, M.P., Hon. H. Stonor, Mr. J. Pease, M.P., Captain Brinton, and Captain J. Forbes.</quote> (1902-06-10 Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser) ====10 June 1902, Tuesday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Florence Farr|Florence Farr]]'s first public performance in which she "recit[ed] to her own accompaniment on the psaltery was at the Hall of Clifford's Inn, Fleet Street, on 10 June 1902 (Campbell 144, n. 18). ==== 12 June 1902, Thursday==== 12 June 1902: <quote>Thursday, the 12th inst., being the grand day of Trinity term at Gray's-inn, the Treasurer (Mr. Herbert Reed, K.C.) and the Masters of the Bench entertained at dinner the following guests: The Right Hon. Lord Strathoona and Mount Royal, the Right Hon. Lord Avebury, the Right Hon. H. H. Asquith, K.C, M.P., the Right Hon. Sir Frank Lascelles, G.C.B. (British Minister at Berlin), General Sir Edward Brabant, K.C.B., the Right Hon. Sir Edward Carson (Solicitor-General), Sir Squire Bancroft, Colonel Alfred Egerton, C.B. (Equerry to H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught), Mr. Austen Chamberlain,M.P., Colonel Royds, M.P., and Mr. Frank Dicksee, R.A. The Benchers present in addition to the Treasurer were H.R H. the Duke of Connaught, Lord Ashbourne, Lord Shand, Mr. Henry Griffith, Sir Arthur Collins, K.C, Mr. Hugh Shield, K.C, His Honour Judge Bowen Rowlands, K.C, Mr. James Sheil, Mr. Arthur Beetham, Mr. John Rose, Mr. Paterson, Mr. Mulligan, K.C, Mr. Mattinson, K.C, Mr. Macaskie, K.C., Mr. C. A. Russell, K.C., Mr. Montague Lush, K.C., Mr. Dicey, C B., Mr. Barnard, Mr. H. C. Richards, K.C., M.P., Mr. Duke, K.C., M.P., Sir Julian Salomons, K.C., with the Preacher (the Rev. Canon C. J. Thompson, D.D.).</quote> (The Solicitor's Journal and Reporter. June 21, 1902. Volume XLVI. 1901-1902 [November 2, 1901, to October 25, 1902]: 588. Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=9T84AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA588). ====26 June 1902, Thursday==== Edward VII crowned King of England. 26 June 1902. There was apparently a regular celebration of Arthur Collins' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, Arthur Sullivan, Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in May 1902, so the celebration with Harte present did not take place this year. Did it take place at all? ===July 1902=== ====3 July 1902, Thursday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Mathers|MacGregor and Moina Mathers]] were living at 28 Rue Saint Vincent, Buttes Montmartre, Paris (Howe 244). ===September 1902=== ''Tristan and Isolde'' at the Covent Garden. ====25 September 1902, Thursday==== "There were no winter performances of opera at Covent Garden in those times .... In 1902 an autumnal series was added, and there were several Wagner nights, the last of which was on Thursday, 25 September, when Philip Brozel and Blanch Marchesi were starred in ''Tristan and Isolda'' with Marie Alexander as Brangane" (Baring-Gould II 704, n. 14, quoting Rolfe Boswell). ===October 1902=== ==== 24 October 1902, Friday ==== The ''Daily Express'' reported on the annual opening of the Prince's ice-skating rink, revealing who had an interest in skating:<blockquote>PRINCE’S RINK OPENS. The first ice of the season was skated upon yesterday. It was the carefully-prepared ice which Mr. H. W. Page and Mr. Nightingale offer to the members of Prince’s Skating Club, in Knightsbridge, and was in grand condition. The [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]] opened the rink for the seventh season, and in the afternoon and evening the West End patronized the popular club to skate or to lounge to the pleasant strains of the Viennese band. [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] is again at the head of the ladies’ committee, with the [[Social Victorians/People/Portland|Duchess of Portland]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Marchioness of Londonderry]] as co-members, and Lord Edward Cecil and many other well-known skaters are identified with the committee work. The skating hours are from 9.30 to 1 and 3 to 7, and on Sundays 3 to 7 only.<ref>"Prince's Rink Opens." ''Daily Express'' 25 October 1902, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19021025/132/0005.</ref></blockquote> ====31 October 1902, Friday==== Halloween. ===November 1902=== ====5 November 1902, Wednesday==== Guy Fawkes Day. ==== 8 November 1902, Saturday ==== The Earl and Countess of Warwick hosted a shooting party at Easton Lodge:<blockquote>The [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Earl and Countess of Warwick]] are entertaining a large party at Easton Lodge this week-end for [?] shooting, and among their guests are the Grand Duke Michael of Russia and Countess Torby, the Duc d'Alba, the Duke of Sutherland, Earl Howe, Earl Cairns, Lord Dalmeny, Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, the Hon. John and Lady [Choely?] Scott-Montagu, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P., General and Mrs. Arthur Paget, and Miss Leila Paget, Miss Naylor, Miss Deacon, and Mr W. M. Low.<ref>"Guests at Easton Lodge." ''Birmingham Mail'' 08 November 1902, Saturday: 2 [of 6], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000644/19021108/091/0002. Print title: ''Birmingham Daily Mail''; p. 2.</ref></blockquote> ====29 November 1902, Saturday==== [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]]’s cousin, Lady Hartopp, was involved in a divorce case: <blockquote>Society Women in a Law Court Case. Mr. Justice Barnes’s Court is now crowded by society people. What is the strange fascination which brings elegantly dressed ladies, accustomed to luxurious surroundings and all the external refinements of life, to sit for hours in stuffy court, where the accommodation is all the plainest, and the surroundings are none too attractive. It would need some assurance to invite a Belgravian Countess, or the wife of Mayfair Millionaire to spend the morning under such conditions unless there were the attraction of a very strong piece of scandal. One could not presume to suggest she should attend Missionary meeting, or social reform movement, under any such conditions. At least I must confess that I never heard of one being packed with a West End crowd as the Court just now. Of course it cannot be mere idle curiosity. Our higher education for girls must have cured Mother Eve’s failing long ago. Cynics suggest that it is the survival in our highly-civilised modern conditions of that instinct of the wild creature which incites attack on the wounded or injured fellow. Wild birds will sometimes peck injured bird to death. Are these fair and soft-voiced ladies animated by the same spirit when they throng witness the ordeal through which a woman of their own class is passing? The Latest Divorce Case. Lady Hartopp, the heroine of the story which has been occupying the tongues and thoughts of the upper ten thousand for the last 48 hours, is a member of a well-known and wealthy family, and is herself remarkable for her beauty. Her two sisters are as famous for their charms as herself, and society has given them many flattering titles. The daughters of Mr. C. H. Wilson, the great shipowner, whose sails are on every sea, are as favoured by Fortune as Venus. Miss Muriel Wilson, the society beauty, is a cousin of Lady Hartopp, and Lady Chesterfield is her sister. It was at Tranby Croft, near Hull, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wilson, that the famous baccarat case occurred some years ago. Lady Hartopp is the niece of Mr. Arthur Wilson, and no doubt recollects that incident, and all the consequent stir. It attracted all the more notice at the time, because the then Prince of Wales had taken part in the game; but the Prince, who had nothing to be ashamed of, with characteristic straightforwardness, asked to go into the box and state all he knew. (1902-11-29 Norwich Mercury)</blockquote> ===December 1902=== ==== 9 December 1902, Tuesday ==== "Severe weather" did not prevent Lady Eva Wyndham's "at home" from being a success:<blockquote>Lady Wyndham-Quin's "At Home." The severe weather proved to be no detriment to the many visitors who had accepted Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's invitation to an "at home" at the Welch Industrial depot on Tuesday afternoon, and the admirers and purchasers of the fascinating Christmas gifts were numerous. Lady Eva received her quests wearing a coat of Persian paw and a white feather toque, whilst her two tittle daughters the Misses Olein and Kethlean Wyndham-Quin wore pelisses and hats of pale blue Welsh frieze, trimmed with grebe. Amongst those present were Lady George Hamilton, all in black; Lady Brassey, wearing a lovely sable cape; the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Mrs Algernon Bourke]], in a fur coat and a black picture hat; and the Hon. Mrs Herbert, of Llanever; Mrs Brynmor Jones was fall of her coming visit to Paris to see her young daughter, and Mrs Richard Helme came with her son, Mr Ernest Helme. Mrs Brenton and her sister, Mrs Ashurst Morris, were also present, as were Lady Eafield, the Dowager Lady Hylton, Lady Dennison Pender [Ponder?], and Lady Blanche Conyngham. Mrs Grinnell Milne brought Miss Murray end Mrs Shelley Bontens, and Mrs James Head came in for a few minutes. Everybody bought largely and the Welsh Christmas cards were an attractive feature, as were some artistic muff chains. Another specimen of Welsh lace sent by Miss Jenkins, of Denbighshire, was much admired and resembles Irish lace both in style and design.<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref></blockquote> ====16 December 1902, Tuesday==== A poem satirizing Florence Farr and Arnold Dolmetsch was published in ''Punch''. ====25 December 1902, Thursday==== Christmas Day ====26 December 1902, Friday==== Boxing Day ===Works Cited=== *[1902-06-10 Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser] "Court and Personal." Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 10 June 1902, Tuesday: 5 [of 10], Col. 3c [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/19020610/033/0006 (accessed July 2019). *[1902-11-29 Norwich Mercury] "Society Women in a Law Court Case." And "The Latest Divorce Case." Norwich Mercury 29 November 1902, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 1b [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001669/19021129/072/0005 (accessed July 2019). ==1903== From sometime in 1891 to sometime in 1903 Eduoard de Reszke was "a leading bass" at the New York Metropolitan Opera (Baring-Gould II 112, n. 114). "[I]n England in 1903, gramophone distinctly meant the Berliner-Gramophon & Typewriter disc machine, while cyclinder machines were known as phonographs or graphophones " (Baring-Gould II 745, n. 15). Gerald Balfour was "largely responsible for getting the important Land Acts of 1903 under way" (O'Connor 163). ===January 1903=== ====1 January 1903, Thursday, New Year's Day==== ====3 January 1903, Saturday==== Madame Troncey was doing a portrait of [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] (Wade 392). ===June 1903=== Summer 1903: W. B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). === August–September 1903 === ==== 20 and 25 August and 3 September 1903 ==== The 1903 America's Cup yacht race in New York Harbor with Nathaniel Herreshoff's ''Reliance'' for the US and Sir Thomas Lipton's ''Shamrock III'' for the UK,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-11|title=1903 America's Cup|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1903_America%27s_Cup&oldid=1109663279|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_America%27s_Cup.</ref> the 12th challenge for the cup and "the most expensive Cup challenge in history."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.americascup.com/history/26_LIPTONS-THIRD-CHALLENGE|title=LIPTON’S THIRD CHALLENGE|last=Cup|first=America's|website=37th America's Cup|language=en|access-date=2024-07-02}} https://www.americascup.com/history/26_LIPTONS-THIRD-CHALLENGE.</ref> The first race was run on 20 August 1903, the 2nd on 25 August and the 3rd on 3 September.<ref name=":0" /> Because the ''Reliance'' won the first 3 races, the best 3-out-of-5 race ended after the 3rd one. ===October 1903=== Sometime in October 1903, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s "The Adventure of the Empty House," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 331). ====31 October 1903, Saturday==== Halloween. ===November 1903=== Sometime in November 1903 Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 415). ====5 November 1903, Thursday==== Guy Fawkes Day ===December 1903=== Sometime in December 1903 Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Dancing Men," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 529). ====16 December 1903, Wednesday==== "On 16 December, Punch satirised an activity in which Dolmetsch was concerned. [[Social Victorians/People/Florence Farr|Florence Farr]] was acting as secretary for a newly-formed fellowship known as 'The Dancers', a body whose aim was to 'fight the high and powerful devil, solemnity'. In a poem entitled L'Allegro up to date, the final stanza is devoted to Dolmetsch: <poem>:The old forgotten dancing-lore, :The steps we cannot understand, :DOLMETSCH agrees to take in hand, :These on the well-trod stage anon, :When next our learned sock is on, :We’ll show, while ARNOLD, Fancy’s child, :Tootles his native wood-wind wild.</poem> This verse is curiously prophetic for Dolmetsch had not yet introduced the recorder into his concerts, although he occasionally included a flute. Dolmetsch did know something of the steps of the old dances but it was his wife who later researched the subject most thoroughly and wrote two books on the subject." (Campbell 151–52) ===25 December 1903, Friday=== Christmas Day ====26 December 1903, Saturday==== Boxing Day ===Works Cited=== *Baring-Gould. *Campbell. ==1904== ===January 1904=== Sometime in January 1904 [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s "The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 399). ===March 1904=== Sometime in March 1904 Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of Black Peter," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 384). ===April 1904=== Sometime in April 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 558, n. 1, and 559). ===June 1904=== Sometime in June 1904 Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Three Students," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 370). Summer 1904: [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ===July 1904=== Sometime in July 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 351). ===August 1904=== Sometime in August 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 476). ===September 1904=== Sometime in September 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Abbey Grange," illustrated by Sidney Paget, was published in the ''Strand'' (Baring-Gould II 491). ==1905== ===April 1905=== ====3 April 1905, Monday==== [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] wrote to Lady Gregory from Dublin, saying he had "dictated a rough draft of a new Grania second act to Moore's typewriter" (Wade 368). ===June 1905=== Summer 1905: W. B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ===July 1905=== ====10 July 1905, Monday==== 1905 July 10, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador hosted a dinner party:<blockquote>The Austro-Hungarian Ambassador entertained the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Princess Patricia of Connaught at dinner at the Embassy in Belgrave-square on Monday evening. There were also present the Spanish Ambassador and Mme. Bernabé, the United States Ambassador and Mrs. and Miss Whitelaw Reid, Princess Hohenlohe, Prince Francis of Teck, Princess Teano, the Earl of Essex, the Earl and Countess of Crewe, Viscount Villiers, Viscount Errington, Viscount Newry, Mrs. J. Leslie, [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Miss Muriel Wilson]], Mr. R. Graham, Mrs. Astor, Lady Maud Warrender, Prince Furstenburg, Count Szenchenyi, Captain A. Meade, and Miss Pelly and Colonel Murray in attendance on the Duke and Duchess.<ref>"Court Circular." ''Times'', 12 July 1905, p. 7. ''The Times Digital Archive'', http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/AHRNq6. Accessed 20 June 2019.</ref></blockquote> ===October 1905=== ==== 1905 October 14, Saturday ==== A "send-off dinner" for Jerome K. Jerome before his trip to the U.S. occurred at the Garrick Club "the other evening" before October 14:<blockquote>Jerome K. Jerome has undertaken a six months lecturing tour in the United States. I believe that this tour will be a great success, particularly when the Americans come to realise that Mr. Jerome is not only a humorous writer but a brilliant, serious writer with very genuine pathos. His appeal on this side has not, perhaps, gone home to the English people as much as it should, but the quick-witted Americans will not be slow to recognise his talents of both kinds, nor will they fail to appreciate the significance of the fact that the other evening a send-off dinner was given to Mr. Jerome at the Garrick Club. The hosts of the evening were Mr. Pett Ridge and Mr. W. W. Jacobs, which shows that there is no such thing as literary jealousy among our best humorists. The presence of quite a galaxy of novelists to the dinner to Mr. Jerome, including Mr. Barrie, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mr. Max Pemberton, Mr. H. G. Wells, Mr. G. B. Burgin, Mr. Arthur Morrison, and Mr. Israel Zangwill, serve to indicate the existence of a pleasant brotherhood among the writers of fiction. The readers of ''Three Men in a Boat'' may be interested to know that there were also present Mr. Jerome's companions in that famous journey — Mr. Carl Hentschel and Mr. C. Wingrove. When I have named further the presence of three artists in Mr. A. S. Boyd, Mr. John Hassall, and Mr. Will Owen, and two journalists in Dr. Robertson Nicoll and [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Mr. Clarence Rook]], I have given some record of an exceedingly pleasant dinner party. The essential point, however, of this enumeration of names is that many of them are among the most highly honoured of Englishmen in the United States, and that thus Mr. Jerome cannot fail to reap additional benefit from this dinner so thoughtfully given in his honour by Mr. Jacobs and Mr. Pett Ridge.<ref>S., C. K. "A Literary Letter." ''The Sphere'' 14 October 1905, Saturday: 16 [of 20], Col. 2a–c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001861/19051014/022/0016. Print p. 56.</ref></blockquote> ===November 1905=== Sometime in November 1905, "Arnold Dolmetsch was again asked to provide music for a Been Greet season in New York — an engagement that brought about his first meeting with two young actors on their first American tour, Sybil Thorndike, and her brother, Russell" (Campbell 169). Dolmetsch's return to the US; was [[Social Victorians/People/Horniman|Annie Horniman]] still with the Thorndikes? ==1906== ===March 1906=== ====5 March 1906==== "Mr. Frederick John Horniman, who died on March 5, in his seventy-first year, was the son of that well-known Quaker and tea-merchant, John Horniman, who made a magnificent fortune by retailing tea in air-tight packets, and, like his father, devoted both time and wealth to charitable objects. A great traveller, both for business and pleasure, Mr. Horniman gathered togther an admirable collection of curios, and this is housed at Forest Hill in the museum that bears his name. His private benefactions were also large. Mr. Horniman, who was a Liberal, sat in two Parliaments, representing Penrhyn and Falmouth Boroughs in one. He did not seek re-election in January last." ("The World's News." Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, March 10, 1906; pg. 338; Issue 3490, Col. C) ===June 1906=== Summer 1906: [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ==1907== ===April 1907=== April 1907, [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] went to Italy with Lady Gregory (Harper 80 28). ===June 1907=== Summer 1907: W. B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). '''1907 June 22, Saturday''' The annual dinner of the Correctors of the Press was held at De Keyser's Royal Hotel:<blockquote>The London Association of Correctors of the Press held their annual dinner at De Keyser’s Royal Hotel on Saturday. The Chairman was the Lord Mayor, and among his supporters were Sir John Cockburn, Colonel David Bruce, Colonel Earl Church, Lieutenant-Colonel Alsager Pollock, Sheriff Dunn, Mr. J. W. Cleland, M.P., Mr. R. Donald, Mr. T. Seccombe, Mr. Francis H. Skrine, Major H. F. Trippel, Mr. Walter Haddon, Mr. W. Pett Ridge, Mr. W. H. Helm, Mr. R. Warwick Bond, Mr. F. W. Rudler, Major Vane Stow, [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Mr. Clarence Rook]], Mr. J. Randall (Chairman of the Association), Mr. Foxen, and Mr. Feldwick. Proposing the toast of "Literature,” Mr. W. H. Helm speculated as to what would follow the banning of "Mary Barton" by the Education Committee of the London County Council. In his opinion "The Swiss Family Robinson" was a more immoral book, because beyond any other work it had fostered the Micawber view of life. (Laughter.) The LORD MAYOR [init caps large, rest sm, throughout], submitting the toast of "The Readers' Pension Fund,” apologised for appearing in morning dress. The reason was that he had been to the King’s Garden Party at Windsor, and whlle he was returning to London by motor something burst. (Laughter.) Only that morning he had arrived from Berlin, where he learned some lessons useful to people who give dinners. When the Oberburgomeister of Berlin proposed the health of, say, the Lord Mayor of London, there was an end of the business. He did not push forward the Houses of Parliament, the Navy and Army, or even Literature. (Laughter.) Being a practical people the Germans when they met for a particular purpose applied themselves to no other, and the English would well to copy them. (Hear, hear.) Mr. J. RANDALL said that last year the Association helped five readers and one reader’s widow to pensions, and this year it had done the same for two readers and two widows. One of the men assisted last March had taught himself Greek, Arabic, and Sanscrit, and in leisure moments amused himself by making object glasses for microscopes and telescopes. At this very gathering there was a printer’s reader who was Hebrew scholar. (Hear, hear.) With regard to finance Mr. Randall was happy to say that this dinner would enable the Association to establish a fourth pension. (Cheers.) The Lord Mayor, [[Social Victorians/People/Borthwick|Lord Glenesk]] (President of the Readers' Pensions Committee), the Clothworkers’ Company, and the Cutlers’ Company had contributed ten guineas each, and the total addition to the fund resulting from the dinner was £l90. During the evening excellent entertainment was provided by Miss Helena Foxen, Miss Kathleen Dwyer, Mr. T. C. Bell, Mr. P. E. Syrett, Mr. Prank Rhodes, and Mr. E. Croft-Williams, the last-named being the hon. musical director.<ref>"Correctors of the Press." ''Morning Post'' 24 June 1907, Monday: 4 [of 14], Col. 3c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19070624/074/0004. Print p. 4.</ref></blockquote> ===November 1907=== ====10 November 1907==== <quote>On 10 November, Dolmetsch, 'awfully tired and disquieted with overwork', writes to Horne, 'longing for Florence'. 7, Bayley Street<br />W.C.<br />My concert went very well last night. Melodie quite distinguished herself, and a sister of [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|Bernard Shaw]] Lucy Carr Shaw sang delightfully. …<br />But Symmons [sic] … did not go before 1 o'cl. and yet, by the first post this morning, I got a charming poem on Rameau. … He must have spent all night on it.</quote> (Campbell 120) ==1908== In 1908 Sidney Paget died in 1908 in some "untimely" fashion (Baring-Gould II 239). === April 1908 === ==== 1908 April 9, Thursday ==== The Provisional Committee for the Shakespeare Memorial demonstration at the Lyceum Theatre met at the Hôtel Métropole:<blockquote>SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL. A meeting of the Provisional Committee for the forthcoming Shakespeare Memorial demonstration at the Lyceum Theatre was held yesterday at the Hôtel Métropole. Mr. T. P. O’Connor, M.P., presided, and there were present : The Earl of Lytton, Mr. Percy Alden, M.P., Mr. Henry Ainley, Mr. Percy Ames, Mr. Robert Barr, Mr. Arthur à Beckett, Mr. Austin Brereton, Mr. Acton Bond (General Director of the British Empire Shakespeare Society), Mr. Dion Boucicault, Mrs. Bateman-Crowe, Professor Boss, Mr. Norreys Connell, Mr. W. M. Crook, Mr. John Cutler, K.C., Mr. J. Comyns Carr, Mr. Ernest Carpenter, the Rev. P. H. Ditchfleld, Mr. Robert Donald, Mr. A. C. Forster Boulton, M.P., Mr. and Mrs. Laurence Gomme, Mr. A. A. Gardiner, Mr. C. T. Hunt (hon. secretary London Shakespeare League), Mr. Laurence Housman, Mr. J. A. Hobson. Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer, Mr. Selwyn Image, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, Mr. Jerome K. Jerome, Mr. Frederick Kerr, Miss Gertrude Kingston, Professor Knight, Mr. Matheson Lang, the Hon. Mrs. Alfred Lyttelton, Miss Lillah McCarthy, Mr. Justin Huntly McCarthy, Colonel Henry Mapleson, Dr. Gilbert Murray, Mr. T. Fairman Ordish, Mr. A. W. Pinero, Mr. Ernest Rhys, [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Mr. Clarence Rook]], the Rev. J. Cartmel Robinson, Mr. George Radford, M.P., Mr. Clement Shorter, Mr. Otto Salimann (hon. secretary of the Elizabethan Society), [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|Mr. Bernard Shaw]], Mr. H. W. Smith, Mr. Herbert Trench, [[Social Victorians/People/Todhunter|Dr. Todhunter]], and Mr. James Welch. It was agreed that the Lyceum demonstration should take place in May, and a resolution should be moved in favour of the establishment of a National Theatre as a memorial to Shakespeare.<ref>"Shakespearea Memorial." ''Morning Post'' 10 April 1908, Friday: 7 [of 12], Col. 3c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19080410/126/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> ===June 1908=== Summer 1908: [[Social Victorians/People/William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]] summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). ==== 1908 June 21, Sunday ==== Very large demonstration for women's suffrage in Hyde Park coming from "seven points in London."<blockquote>WOMAN'S VOTE. SUFFRAGISTS' GREAT MARCH TO HYDE PARK TODAY. WHITE DEMONSTRATION. AMUSING ADDRESS TO M.P.'s. FROM RIVER LAUNCH. From seven points in London to-day seven big prossesions will march to Park, and there jointly demand the Parliamentary franchise for women. The whole town will be alive with demonstrating suffragists. The streets will resound with the cry of "Votes for Women." In Hyde Park eighty speakers will voice the demand from twenty platforms. London has been divided into districts for the purposes of the mighty demonstration, and each of theee has an assembling place, from which the processions will move off to Hyde Park, as given in the following official list: — A. — Euston-road. — Form up at 12 o'clock, east of Euston Station. Start at 1 p.m. March via Euston-road, Portland-place, Upper Regent-street, Oxford-street, to the Marble Arch. B. — Trafalgar-square. — Form up 12.30. Start 1.30. March via Pall Mall, Regent-street, Piccadilly, Berkeley-street, and Mount-street to the Grosvenor Gate. C. — Victoria Embankment. [sic] Form up 12.30. Start from Westminster Bridge 1.30. March via Victorla-street, Grosvenor-place, to Hyde Park Corner. D. — Chelsea Embankment. — Form up 12.30. Start 1.30. March via Oakley-street, King's-road, Sloane-square, Sloane-street to Albert Gate. E. — Kensington High-street. — Form up 1 o'clock. Start 1.30. March via Kensington into the Alexandra Gate of the Park. F. — Paddington Station. — Form up 1 p.m. Start 2 p.m. March via Victoria Gate into Hyde Park. G. — Marylebone-road. — Form up 12.30. Start 1.30. March via Seymour-place, Seymour-street, and Into the Park close to the Marble Arch. The demonstrators will come from all parts of the country, some seventy special trains being run from the big towns in the provinces. These will be met at the London stations by white-garbed "Captains" and "Stewards," and their occupants marshalled in proper divisions. Literature and the drama will be represented in several of the processions. Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Shaw will join in Trafalgar-square, and so will Mr. Pett Ridge. Starting from Euston-road will be a coach carrying Mrs. Parkhurst, Miss Beatrice Harraden, Mrs. Mona Caird, and Miss Elizabeth Robins. Mrs. Israel Zangwill will chaperon a party on a coach from the Thames Embankment, which will include Professor and Mrs. Ayrton, Madame Sarah Grand, Miss Lillah McCarthy (Mrs. Granville Barker), Miss Marian McCarthy, Mr. Lucien Wolf, Professor Perry, F.R.S. (scientist), Mrs. H. G. Wells, Mrs. Alice Meynell, and Suffragist leaders from Sweden, Finland, and Norway. In Finland women not only have the vote, but they sit in Parliament. Madame Stromberg, from that country, is now in London attending the Horse Show at Olympia, and will be present at to-day's demonstration. Mr. H. Nevinson and Mr. H. N. Brailsford will walk in the Embankment procession. On the Kensington four-in-hand coach will be:— [[Social Victorians/People/Rook|Mrs. Clarence Rook]], Mrs. Jopling Rowe, Mlle. Stavance (Norwegian editor and authoress), Mrs. French Sheldon, F.R.G.S., and Miss Christine Silver. ... In addition to seven four-horse coaches — one for each procession — there will be more than sixty brakes, filled with country suffragists, and elaborately decorated. [Story continues.]<ref>"Women's Vote. Suffragists' Great March to Hyde Park To-day. White Demonstration. Amusing Address to M.P.'s from River Launch." ''Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper'' 21 June 1908, Sunday: 1 [of 28], Col. 1a–c [of 5], 2, Col. 5. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003216/19080621/002/0001. Print p. 1.</ref></blockquote> ===Works Cited=== *Baring-Gould ==1909== ===January 1909=== ====1 January 1909==== Rev. [[Social Victorians/People/Ayton|W. A. Ayton]] died (Howe 85 10-11). ===June 1909=== Summer 1909: W. B. Yeats summered with Lady Gregory at Coole Park 1897-1917 or so, until WBY bought the Tower at Ballylee. (I got this from Wade?). == Bibliography == #"Calendar for the Year 1900." Jumk.de Webprojects. https://kalender-365.de/public-holidays.php?yy=1900. Accessed November 2023. #Howe == Footnotes == <references /> qjeqqzazixfbn5im8xiowd31v54psdg 0 265021 2691995 2691884 2024-12-14T23:34:56Z Scogdill 1331941 2691995 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Bourke page]] * Earl of Mayo (in the Peerage of Ireland) ** Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo (12 August 1867 – 8 February 1872) ** Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo (8 February 1872 – 31 December 1927) *Baron Connemara **Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara (12 May 1887 – 3 September 1902)<ref name=":2">"Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p5752.htm#i57514|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p5752.htm#i57514.</ref> * The [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Lady Florence Bourke]] ==Overview== Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands. Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay divorced in a sensational case in which she successfully sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery (with her maid Hannah Moore) and cruelty (infecting her with venereal disease). [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], 3rd son of the 6th Earl, was successful in the stock market and, by and large, in business. In 1912, when Blanche, Dowager Countess of Mayo was 86 years old, the ''Woodford Times'' summarized her like this:<blockquote>The Dowager Countess of Mayo and Lady Costance Mure the only surviving daughters of the first Lord Leconfield, the inheritor of the famous house and estate of Petworth, and consequently aunts of Mr. George Wyndham. Their mother was one of the Blunts. of Crabbet Park, Sussex, which makes them kinswomen of Mr. Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, poet, Egyptophil and counsel for Arabi Pasha is his trial. The Dowager Lady Mayo is the widow — as she has been for forty years past — of the Governor-General of India, who was assassinated while on a tour of the Andamas Islands. Subsequently the Government voted her a pension, which she still enjoys. She was an extra woman of the Bedchamber for over a quarter of a century, and until the death of Queen Victoria. Beside Lord Mayo, her children are the Hon. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], who was at one time on the Stock Exchange; Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin; Lady Florence Bourke; and the Hon. Terence Bourke, who is British Vice-Consul at Bizerta.<ref>"The Dowager Countess of Mayo ...." ''Woodford Times'' 29 November 1912, Friday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004344/19121129/159/0006. Print n.p.</ref></blockquote> ==Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies== ==Timeline== '''1863 November 21''', Robert Bourke and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay married.<ref name=":3">"Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232124|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232124.</ref> '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> '''1872 November 20''', Hon. Edward Roden Bourke and Emma Mary Augusta Hatch married.<ref name=":5">"Emma Mary Augusta Hatch." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p5751.htm#i57507|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-27}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p5751.htm#i57507.</ref> '''1880 February 4, Wednesday''', ball at Palmerstown House hosted by the Earl of Mayo:<blockquote>A grand ball was given on Wedneeday night at Palmerstown House, the seat of the Earl of Mayo. The ball was given by the noble earl to the friends and admirers of his father, in acknowledgment of their munificence in erecting, by subscription, a new family mansion as a memorial to the late earl. The new house, which is to be called the Memorial House, has just been completed. It is a handsome building, picturesquely situated on an elevated site, a short distance from the old mansion. The large hall, which is to be called the Memorial Hall, was set apart as the ballroom. It was handsomely decorated with evergreens, exotics, &c., and when lit up in the most effective and tasteful style, presented a gay and brilliant appearance. A distinguished company have been staying at Palmerstown House, including the Marchioness of Blandford, Lady Georgina Spencer Churchill, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, Lady Margaret Bourke, Lord Capel, Mr. George Darner, Hon. Charles Lascelles, Hon. Henry and Mrs. Henry Bourke, the Countess of Stradbroke, Lady Sophia Rous [?], the Marchioness of Conyngham and the Ladies Conyngham, Lord Arthur Butler, the Hon. Bernard and Hon. Mrs. FitzPatrick, Mr. lon Trant Hamilton, M.P., and Mrs. Hamilton. Amongst those invited were:— The Duke and Duchess of Leinster, and the Ladies Fitzgerald, the Marquis of Kildare, the Marquis and Marchioness of Drogheda, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Skeffington Smyth, Mrs. and Miss Kavanagh, Borris House; Colonel Thackwell, 38th Regiment, and Mrs. Thackwell, the officers 38th Regt., &c.<ref>"Ball at Palmerstown House." ''Kilkenny Moderator'' 07 February 1880, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002957/18800207/028/0002. Print title: ''Kilkenny Moderator and Leinster Advertiser'', n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', the Bourkes attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for the Earl of Mayo, who had been assassinated<blockquote>A memorial erected to the late Earl of Mayo was unveiled yesterday in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, by Lord Cranbrook. Among those present were — The Dowager Countess of Mayo, Lord and Lady Drogheda, Lord and Lady Ashbourne, Lord Headfort, Lord John Manners, M.P.; Lord Barrington, Lord Leconfield, Lord and Lady Mayo, Right Hon. Beresford Hope, M.P.; Lord Stalbridge, Sir Peter Lumsden, Sir Owen Burne, Colonel Nigel Kingscote, Hon. Percy Wyndham, Mr. Henry Doyle, Mr. George Batten, Mr. E. Lawson, the Right Hon. Gerard Noel, General Fraser, V.C., M.P.; Canon Liddon, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], Lady Florence Bourke, and the late Lord Mayo’s six brothers — General Bourke, Right Hon. Robert Bourke, M.P.; Rev. George Bourke, Mr. Charles Bourke, C.B.; Major Bourke, and Mr. Henry Bourke. The following is the inscription at foot of the monument:— "Sacred to the memory of Richard South [sic] well Bourke, Earl of Mayo, and for nearly four years Viceroy of India. He discharged the duties of his high office with conspicuous ability. Wise, kindly, just, and energetic, he won the affection of those about him, and the respect of neighbouring Princes; his work for his God and his Queen thus begun was laid aside when, struck down, alas! by the hand of assassin, he yielded up his soul to Christ on the 8th of February, 1872."<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref></blockquote>'''1887 December 15''', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]] and Guendoline Stanley married.<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Earl of Mayo contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1890 November 27''', Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay divorced in a sensational case in which she successfully sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery (with her maid Hannah Moore) and cruelty (infecting her with venereal disease).<ref>"Another Society Scandal. Connemara Divorce Suit. Shocking Disclosures." ''South Wales Echo'' 27 November 1890 Thursday: 3 [of 4], Cols. 2a–3a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000902/18901127/031/0003.</ref> This story is repeated essentially verbatum in a number of newspapers. '''1892 March 5, Saturday''', two generations of men of the Bourke family are mentioned in this article reporting on "the first reverse" in Capt. the Hon. Maurice Bourke's career. Notable is that the Bourkes were "one of the first aristocratic families of which the members took to the Stock Exchange."<blockquote>Capt. the Hon. Maurice Bourke, who has just been reprimanded in connection with the stranding of the Victoria, is the brother of the present Lord Mayo, and comes of an enterprising family. The Bourkes have pushed their way with remarkable energy in various professions, but are specially noticeable as one of the first aristocratic families of which the members took to the Stock Exchange. Before the Bourkes took it up the "house" was at a discount in Belgravia; it is now at a premium. Both Mr. Henry Bourke and Major Edward Bourke, uncles of Captain Bourke, and Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], his brother, have reaped considerable incomes as the fruits of their enterprise. Captain Bourke has been singularly lucky In the navy in the matter of promotion, being one of those fortunate mariners who have served on the Queen's yacht. This is the first reverse in his career.<ref>"Captain. the Hon. Maurice Bourke." ''Carlow Nationalist'' 05 March 1892, Saturday: 9 [of 10], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004580/18920305/082/0009. Print title ''Supplement to the Nationalist and Leinster Times''; n. p.</ref></blockquote>'''1894 January 31, Wednesday''', Dermot, Earl of Mayo and Geraldine, Countess of Mayo hosted [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Also 31 January 1894, Wednesday|the Kildare Hunt Ball]]. '''1894 October 10''', Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay Bourke and Surgn.-Lt.-Col. William Hamilton Broun married.<ref name=":3" /> '''1894 October 22''', Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh married.<ref name=":4">"Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232125|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232125.</ref> '''1895 April 27, Saturday''', Norah Mary Madeline Bourke and Mr. Henry Lindsay married.<ref>"Mr. Henry E. A. Lindsay to Miss Norah M. M. Bourke." ''Gentlewoman'' 11 May 1895 Saturday: 97 [of 133], Col. 1c–2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18950511/437/0097.</ref> '''1897 July 2''', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]] and Guendoline Sloane-Stanley [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Bourke]] attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. '''1908 August 5''', Emma Mary Augusta Hatch Bourke and Edward Hyde Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon married.<ref name=":5" /> == Demographics == * Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> ===Residences=== * London: 20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> * Ireland: Palmerstown House (built in 1872 by the 7th Earl in honor of his father after his assassination), Palmerstown, County Galway<ref name=":6" /> * Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare<ref>Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> ==Family== * Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo (12 January 1797 – 12 August 1867)<ref>"Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47094|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47094.</ref> * Anne Charlotte Jocelyn ( – 26 January 1867)<ref>"Anne Charlotte Jocelyn." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47095|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47095.</ref> *# '''Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo''' (21 February 1822 – 8 February 1872) *# Lt.-Gen. John Jocelyn Bourke (5 October 1823 – 25 September 1904) *# '''Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara''' (11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902) *# Rev. Hon. George Wingfield Bourke (16 February 1829 – 9 October 1903) *# Hon. Charles Fowler Bourke (5 September 1832 – 4 April 1899) *# '''Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke''' (13 December 1835 – 7 June 1907) *# Hon. Henry Lorton Bourke (26 September 1840 – 30 January 1911) * Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo (21 February 1822 – 8 February 1872)<ref>"Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25748|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> * Hon. Blanche Julia Wyndham (21 November 1826 – 31 January 1918)<ref>"Hon. Blanche Julia Wyndham." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2963.htm#i29627|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> # Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke ( – 19 January 1940)<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> # unknown daughter Bourke # Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo (2 July 1851 – 31 December 1927) # Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke (22 December 1853 – 16 September 1900) # '''Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke''' (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922) # Lady Florence Blanche Bourke (16 August 1861 – 1953) # Hon. Terence Theobald Bourke (2 April 1865 – 13 May 1923) * Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo (2 July 1851 – 31 December 1927)<ref>"Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page 14031, Person 140310. https://www.thepeerage.com/p14031.htm#i140310.</ref> * Geraldine Sarah Ponsonby ( – 29 November 1944)<ref>"Geraldine Sarah Ponsonby." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page, 14031, Person 140309. https://www.thepeerage.com/p14031.htm#i140309.</ref> * Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara (11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902)<ref name=":2" /> * Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay ( – 22 January 1898)<ref name=":3" /> [she remarried as well] * Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh (baptised 13 August 1833 – 23 November 1898)<ref name=":4" /> [he was her 2nd husband as well] * Emma Mary Augusta Hatch (1855 – 9 March 1935)<ref name=":5" /> * Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke (13 December 1835 – 7 June 1907)<ref>"Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2096.htm#i20954|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-27}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2096.htm#i20954.</ref> *# Norah Mary Madeline Bourke ( – 20 June 1948) *# Madeline Emmie Louisa Bourke ( – 5 August 1961) *# Cecil Richard Donoughmore Bourke (29 Sep 1875 – 30 November 1884) *# Anne Kathleen Julia Bourke (c. 1878 – 16 March 1935) *# Lt.-Col. Nigel Edward Jocelyn Bourke (21 August 1886 – 27 September 1970) * Edward Hyde Villiers, [[Social Victorians/People/Villiers|5th Earl of Clarendon]] * Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> * Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1" /> # Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) ==Biographical Materials== ==Questions and Notes== ==Footnotes== {{reflist}} ec1oz1wwgg8rx2o9burgj0bv1hc4w9q 2 274697 2692023 2685435 2024-12-15T02:21:48Z Platos Cave (physics) 2562653 2692023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simulating gravitational and atomic orbits via rotating particle-particle orbital pairs at the Planck scale''' An orbital simulation program is described that emulates gravitational and atomic orbitals as the sum of individual particle-particle orbital pair rotations at the [[w:Planck_units |Planck scale]]. The simulation is dimensionless, the only physical constant used is the [[w:fine structure constant |fine structure constant alpha]], however it can translate to the Planck units for comparison to real world orbits. [[File:complex-orbit-pts26-r17-1-7-1.gif|thumb|right|640px|By selecting the start co-ordinates on a 2-D plane for each point (unit of mass) accordingly, we can 'design' the required orbits. No other parameters are used. The 26 points orbit each other resulting in 325 point-point orbitals.]] For simulating gravity, orbiting objects ''A'', ''B'', ''C''... are sub-divided into discrete points, each point can be represented as 1 unit of [[w:Planck mass |Planck mass]] ''m''_P (for example, a 1kg satellite would be divided into 1kg/''m''_P = 45940509 points). Each point in object ''A'' then forms an orbital pair with every point in objects ''B'', ''C''..., resulting in a universe-wide, n-body network of rotating point-to-point orbital pairs <ref>Macleod, Malcolm J.; {{Cite journal |title=3. Gravitational orbits emerge from Planck scale n-body rotating orbital pairs |journal=RG |date=Feb 2011 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.11496.93445/17}}</ref>. Each orbital pair rotates 1 unit of length per unit of time, when these orbital pair rotations are summed and mapped over time, gravitational orbits emerge between the objects ''A'', ''B'', ''C''... The basic simulation uses only the start position (''x'', ''y'' coordinates) of each point, as it maps only rotations of the points within their respective orbital pairs, information regarding the macro objects ''A'', ''B'', ''C''...; momentum, center of mass, barycenter etc ... is not required (each orbital is calculated independently of all other orbitals). For simulating electron transition within the atom, the electron is assigned as a single mass point, the nucleus as multiple points clustered together and a 'photon' is added in a series of steps. As the electron continues to orbit the nucleus during the transition phase, the electron path traces a [[w:hyperbolic spiral |hyperbolic spiral]]. Although the spiral path is semi-classical, it exhibits the quantum states, and suggests that quantization could have geometrical origins. === Theory === In the simulation, particles are treated as an electric wave-state to (Planck) mass point-state oscillation, the wave-state as the duration of particle frequency in Planck time units, the point-state duration as 1 unit of Planck time (as a point, this state can be assigned mapping coordinates), the particle itself is an oscillation between these 2 states (i.e.: the particle is not a fixed entity). For example, an electron has a frequency (wave-state duration) = 10²³ units of Planck time followed by the mass state (1 unit of Planck time). The background to this oscillation is given in the [[v:Electron (mathematical) |mathematical electron]] model. If the electron '''has (is)''' mass (1 unit of Planck mass) for 1 unit of Planck time, and then '''no''' mass for 10²³ units of Planck time (the wave-state), then in order for a (hypothetical) object composed only of electrons to '''have (be)''' 1 unit of Planck mass at every unit of Planck time, the object will require 10²³ electrons. This is because orbital rotation occurs at each unit of Planck time and so the simulation requires this object to have a unit of Planck mass at each unit of Planck time (i.e.: on average there will always be 1 electron in the mass point state). We would then measure the mass of this object as 1 Planck mass (the measured mass of an object reflects the average number of units of Planck mass per unit of Planck time). For the simulation program, this Planck mass object can now be defined as a point (it will have point co-ordinates at each unit of Planck time and so can be mapped). As the simulation is dividing the mass of objects into these Planck mass size points and then rotating these points around each other as point-to-point orbital pairs, then by definition gravity becomes a mass to mass interaction. Nevertheless, although this is a mass-point to mass-point rotation, and so referred to here as a point-point orbital, it is still a particle to particle orbital, albeit the particles are both in the mass state. We can also map particle to particle orbitals for which both particles are in the wave-state, the H atom is a well-researched particle-to-particle orbital pair (electron orbiting a proton) and so can be used as reference. To map orbital transitions between energy levels, the simulation uses the photon-orbital model<ref>Macleod, Malcolm J.; {{Cite journal |title=4. Atomic energy levels correlate exactly to pi via a hyperbolic spiral |journal=RG |date=Feb 2011 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.23106.71367/9}}</ref>, in which the orbital (Bohr) radius is treated as a 'physical wave' akin to the photon albeit of inverse or reverse phase. The photon can be considered as a moving wave, the orbital radius as a standing/rotating wave (trapped between the electron and proton). It is the rotation of the orbital radius that pulls the electron, resulting in the electron orbit around the nucleus. Furthermore, orbital transition (between orbitals) occurs between the orbital radius and the photon, the electron has a passive role. Transition (the electron path) follows a specific [[v:Fine-structure_constant_(spiral) |hyperbolic spiral]] for which the angle component periodically cancels into integers which correspond with the orbital energy levels where ''r'' = Bohr radius; at 360° radius =4''r'', 360+120°=9''r'', 360+180°=16''r'', 360+216°=25''r'' ... 720°=∞''r''. As these spiral angles (360°, 360+120°, 360+180°, 360+216° ...) are linked directly to pi, and as the electron is following a semi-classical gravitational orbit, this quantization has a geometrical origin. Although the simulation is not optimized for atomic orbitals (the nucleus is treated simply as a cluster of points), the transition period ''t'' measured between these integer radius can be used to solve the transition frequencies ''f'' via the formula <math>f/c = t \lambda_H/(n_f^2-n_i^2)</math>. We also note a 'transition signature' where the duration of period between different energy levels (''n'' shells) is not consistent, and this signature appears in both the experimental and the simulated results. This deviation from the expected results is most pronounced in the ''n'' = 1 to ''n'' = 2 transition (where the transition period is comparatively longer). In summary, both gravitational and atomic orbitals reflect the same particle-to-particle orbital pairing, the distinction being the state of the particles; gravitational orbitals are mass to mass whereas atomic orbitals are predominately wave to wave. There are not 2 separate forces used by the simulation, instead particles are treated as oscillations between the 2 states (electric wave and mass point). The gravitational orbits that we observe are the time averaging sum of the underlying multiple gravitational orbitals. === N-body orbitals === [[File:8body-27orbital-gravitational-orbit.gif|thumb|right|640px|8-body (8 mass points, 28 orbitals), the resulting orbit is a function of the start positions of each point]] The simulation universe is a 4-axis hypersphere expanding in increments <ref>Macleod, Malcolm; {{Cite journal |title=2. Programming cosmic microwave background for Planck unit Simulation Hypothesis modelling |journal=RG |date=26 March 2020 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.31308.16004/7 }}</ref> with 3-axis (the [[v:Black-hole_(Planck) |hypersphere surface]]) projected onto an (''x'', ''y'') plane with the ''z'' axis as the simulation timeline (the expansion axis). Each point is assigned start (''x'', ''y'', ''z'' = 0) co-ordinates and forms pairs with all other points, resulting in a universe-wide n-body network of point-point orbital pairs. The barycenter for each orbital pairing is its center, the points located at each orbital 'pole'. The simulation itself is dimensionless, simply rotating circles. To translate to dimensioned gravitational or atomic orbits, we can use the Planck units ([[w:Planck mass |Planck mass m_P]], [[w:Planck length |Planck length l_p]], [[w:Planck time |Planck time t_p]]), such that the simulation increments in discrete steps (each step assigned as 1 unit of Planck time), during each step (for each unit of Planck time), the orbitals rotate 1 unit of (Planck) length (at velocity ''c'' = ''l''_p/''t''_p). These rotations are then all summed and averaged to give new point co-ordinates. As this occurs for every point before the next increment to the simulation clock (the next unit of Planck time), the orbits can be updated in 'real time' (simulation time) on a serial processor. Orbital pair rotation on the (''x'', ''y'') plane occurs in discrete steps according to an angle '''β''' as defined by the orbital pair radius (the atomic orbital '''β''' has an additional alpha term). :<math>\beta = \frac{1}{r_{orbital} \sqrt{r_{orbital}}}</math> As the simulation treats each (point-point) orbital independently (independent of all other orbitals), no information regarding the points (other than their initial start coordinates) is required by the simulation. Although orbital and so point rotation occurs at ''c'', the [[v:Relativity (Planck) |hyper-sphere expansion]] <ref>Macleod, Malcolm; {{Cite journal |title=1. Programming relativity for Planck scale Simulation Hypothesis modeling |journal=RG |date=26 March 2020 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.18574.00326/3 }}</ref> is equidistant and so `invisible' to the observer. Instead observers (being constrained to 3D space) will register these 4-axis orbits (in hyper-sphere co-ordinates) as a circular motion on a 2-D plane (in 3-D space). An apparent [[w:Time_dilation |time dilation]] effect emerges as a consequence. [[File:4body-orbital-3x10x-gravitational-orbit.gif|thumb|right|640px|Symmetrical 4 body orbit; (3 center mass points, 1 orbiting point, 6 orbital pairs). Note that all points orbit each other.]] ==== 2 body orbits ('''x, y''' plane) ==== For simple 2-body orbits, to reduce computation only 1 point is assigned as the orbiting point and the remaining points are assigned as the central mass. For example the ratio of earth mass to moon mass is 81:1 and so we can simulate this orbit accordingly. However we note that the only actual distinction between a 2-body orbit and a complex orbit being that the central mass points are assigned ('''x, y''') co-ordinates relatively close to each other, and the orbiting point is assigned ('''x, y''') co-ordinates distant from the central points (this becomes the orbital radius) ... this is because the simulation treats all points equally, the center points also orbiting each other according to their orbital radius, for the simulation itself there is no difference between simple 2-body and complex n-body orbits. The [[w:Schwarzschild radius |Schwarzschild radius]] formula in Planck units :<math>r_s = \frac{2 l_p M}{m_P}</math> As the simulation itself is dimensionless, we can remove the dimensioned length component <math>2 l_p</math>, and as each point is analogous to 1 unit of Planck mass <math>m_P</math>, then the Schwarzschild radius for the simulation becomes the number of central mass points. We then assign ('''x, y''') co-ordinates (to the central mass points) within a circle radius <math>r_s</math> = number of central points = total points - 1 (the orbiting point). After every orbital has rotated 1 length unit (anti-clockwise in these examples), the new co-ordinates for each rotation per point are then averaged and summed, the process then repeats. After 1 complete orbit (return to the start position by the orbiting point), the period '''t''' (as the number of increments to the simulation clock) and the ('''x, y''') plane orbit length '''l''' (distance as measured on the 2-D plane) are noted. Key: 1. <math>r_s</math> = '''i'''; number of center mass points (the orbited object). 2. '''j<sub>max</sub>''' = radius to mass co-efficient. 3. '''j''' = number of points, including virtual (for simple 2 body orbits with only 1 orbiting point, '''j''' = '''i''' + 1 ). 4. '''x, y''' = start co-ordinates for each point (on a 2-D plane), '''z''' = 0. 5. '''r<sub>α</sub>''' = a radius constant, here r<sub>α</sub> = sqrt(2α) = 16.55512; where alpha = inverse [[w:fine structure constant |fine structure constant]] = 137.035 999 084 (CODATA 2018). This constant adapts the simulation specifically to gravitational and atomic orbitals. :<math>r_{orbital} = {r_{\alpha}}^2 \;*\; r_{wavelength} </math> ==== Orbital formulas (2-D plane)==== Outer = orbiting point, inner = orbited center :<math>r_{outer} = {r_{\alpha}}^2 \;*\;2 (\frac{ j_{max}}{i})^2</math>, orbital radius :<math>r_{barycenter} = \frac{r_{outer}}{j}</math>, barycenter :<math>v_{outer} = \frac{i}{j_{max} r_{\alpha}} </math>, orbiting point velocity :<math>v_{inner} = \frac{1}{j_{max} r_{\alpha}}</math>, orbited point(s) velocity :<math>t_{outer} = \frac{2 \pi r_{outer}}{v_{outer}} = 4 \pi {(\frac{j_{max} {r_{\alpha}}}{i})}^3 </math>, orbiting point period :<math>l_{outer} = 2 \pi (r_{outer} - r_{barycenter})</math>, distance travelled Simulation data: :period <math>t_{sim}</math> :length <math>l_{sim}</math> :radius <math>r_{sim} = \frac{l_{sim}}{2 \pi}</math> :velocity <math>v_{sim} = \frac{l_{sim}}{t_{sim}}</math> :barycenter <math>b_{sim} = \frac{x_{max} + x_{min}}{2}</math> [[File:gravity-orbit-hyperbolic-spiral.jpg|thumb|right|576px|Object leaving a gravitational circular orbit (j<sub>max</sub> = j) with constant outward motion follows the same [[v:Fine-structure_constant_(spiral) |alpha hyperbolic spiral]] as an ionizing electron]] For example; 8 mass points (28 orbitals) divided into ''j'' = 8 (total points), ''i'' = ''j'' - 1 (7 center mass points). After 1 complete orbit, actual period '''t''' and distance travelled '''l''' are noted and compared with the above formulas. 1) ''j''<sub>max</sub> = i+1 = 8 :period <math>t = 74465.0516,\; t_{outer} = 74471.6125</math> :length <math>l = l_{sim} = 3935.7664,\; l_{outer} = 3936.1032</math> :radius <math>r_{sim} = 626.3951</math> :velocity <math>v_{sim} = 1/18.920137</math> :barycenter <math>b_{sim} = 89.5241,\; r_{barycenter} = 89.4929</math> 2) ''j''<sub>max</sub> = 32*i+1 = 225 :period <math>t = 1656793370.3483,\; t_{outer} = 1656793381.3051</math> :length <math>l = l_{sim} = 3113519.1259,\; l_{outer} = 3113519.1385</math> :radius <math>r_{sim} = 495531.959</math> :velocity <math>v_{sim} = 1/532.128856</math> :barycenter <math>b_{sim} = 70790.283, \;r_{barycenter} = 70790.280</math> 3) Moon orbit. From the [[w:standard gravitational parameter |standard gravitational parameters]], the earth to moon mass ratio approximates 81:1 and so we can reduce to 1 point orbiting a center of mass comprising ''i'' = 81 points, ''j'' = i + 1. :<math>\frac{3.986004418\;x10^{14}}{4.9048695\;x10^{12}} = 81.2663</math> :<math>r_{earth-moon}</math> = 384400km :<math>M_{earth}</math> = 0.597378 10<sup>25</sup>kg Solving <math>j_{max}</math> :<math>r_{outer} = {r_{\alpha}}^2 \;*\;2 (\frac{ j_{max}}{i})^2 = \frac{2 r_{earth-moon} m_P}{M_{earth} l_p}</math> :<math>j_{max} = 1440443</math> Gives :<math>t_{outer} = 4 \pi {(\frac{j_{max} {r_{\alpha}}}{i})}^3 (\frac{l_p}{c}) = 0.8643\; 10^{-26}</math>s :<math>t_{outer} \frac{M_{earth}} {m_P } = 2371844</math>s (27.452 days) :<math>v_{Moon} = (c) \frac{i}{j_{max}{r_{\alpha}}} = 1018.3m/s</math> :<math>v_{Earth} = (c) \frac{1}{j_{max} r_{\alpha}} = 12.57m/s</math> :<math>r_{barycenter} = \frac{r_{earth-moon}}{j} = 4688km</math> ==== Gravitational coupling constant ==== In the above, the points were assigned a mass as a theoretical unit of Planck mass. Conventionally, the [[w:Gravitational coupling constant | Gravitational coupling constant]] ''α<sub>G</sub>'' characterizes the gravitational attraction between a given pair of elementary particles in terms of a particle (i.e.: electron) mass to Planck mass ratio; :<math>\alpha_G = \frac{G m_e^2}{\hbar c} = (\frac{m_e}{m_P})(\frac{m_e}{m_P}) = 1.75... x10^{-45}</math> For the purposes of this simulation, particles are treated as an oscillation between an electric wave-state (duration particle frequency) and a mass point-state (duration 1 unit of Planck time). This inverse α<sub>G</sub> then represents the probability that any 2 electrons will be in the mass point-state at any unit of Planck time ([[v:Electron_(mathematical) |wave-mass oscillation at the Planck scale]] <ref>Macleod, M.J. {{Cite journal |title= Programming Planck units from a mathematical electron; a Simulation Hypothesis |journal=Eur. Phys. J. Plus |volume=113 |pages=278 |date=22 March 2018 | doi=10.1140/epjp/i2018-12094-x }}</ref>). :<math>{\alpha_G}^{-1} = \frac{m_P^2}{m_e^2} = 0.57... x10^{45}</math> As mass is not treated as a constant property of the particle, measured particle mass becomes the averaged frequency of discrete point mass at the Planck level. If 2 dice are thrown simultaneously and a win is 2 'sixes', then approximately every (1/6)x(1/6) = (1/36) = 36 throws (frequency) of the dice will result in a win. Likewise, the inverse of α<sub>G</sub> is the frequency of occurrence of the mass point-state between the 2 electrons. As 1 second requires 10<sup>42</sup> units of Planck time (<math>t_p = 10^{-42}s</math>), this occurs about once every 3 minutes. :<math>\frac{{\alpha_G}^{-1}}{t_p}</math> Gravity now has a similar magnitude to the strong force (at this, the Planck level), albeit this interaction occurs seldom (only once every 3 minutes between 2 electrons), and so when averaged over time (the macro level), gravity appears weak. If particles oscillate between an electric wave state to Planck mass (for 1 unit of Planck-time) point-state, then at any discrete unit of Planck time, a number of particles will simultaneously be in the mass point-state. If an assigned point contains only electrons, and as the frequency of the electron = f<sub>e</sub>, then the point will require 10<sup>23</sup> electrons so that, on average for each unit of Planck time there will be 1 electron in the mass point state, and so the point will have a mass equal to Planck mass (i.e.: experience continuous gravity at every unit of Planck time). :<math>f_e = \frac{m_P}{m_e} = 10^{23}</math> For example a 1kg satellite orbits the earth, for any given unit of Planck time, satellite (B) will have <math>1kg/m_P = 45940509</math> particles in the point-state. The earth (A) will have <math>5.9738 \;x10^{24} kg/m_P = 0.274 \;x10^{33}</math> particles in the point-state, and so the earth-satellite coupling constant becomes the number of rotating orbital pairs (at unit of Planck time) between earth and the satellite; :<math>N_{orbitals} = (\frac{m_A}{m_P})(\frac{m_B}{m_P}) = 0.1261\; x10^{41}</math> Examples: :<math>i = \frac{M_{earth}}{m_P} = 0.27444 \;x10^{33}</math> (earth as the center mass) :<math>i 2 l_p = 0.00887</math> (earth Schwarzschild radius) :<math>s = \frac{1kg}{m_P} = 45940509</math> (1kg orbiting satellite) :<math>j = N_{orbitals} = i*s = 0.1261 \;x10^{41}</math> 1) 1kg satellite at earth surface orbit :<math>r_{o} = 6371000 km</math> (earth surface) :<math>j_{max} = \frac{j}{r_a}\sqrt{\frac{r_{o}}{i l_p}} = 0.288645\;x10^{44}</math> :<math>n_g = \frac{j_{max}}{j} = 2289.41</math> :<math>r = r_{\alpha}^2 n_g^2 i l_p = r_{o} </math> :<math>v = \frac{c}{n_g r_{\alpha}} = 7909.7924</math> m/s :<math>t = 2 \pi \frac{r_{outer}}{v_{outer}} = 5060.8374</math> s 2) 1kg satellite at a synchronous orbit radius :<math>r_o = 42164.17 km</math> :<math>j_{max} = \frac{j}{r_a} \sqrt{\frac{r_{o}}{i l_p}} = 0.74256\;x10^{44}</math> :<math>n_g = \frac{j_{max}}{j} = 5889.674</math> :<math>r = r_{\alpha}^2 n_g^2 i l_p = r_{o} </math> :<math>v = \frac{c}{n_g r_{\alpha}} = 3074.66</math> m/s :<math>t = 2 \pi \frac{r_{outer}}{v_{outer}} = 86164.09165</math> s 3) The energy required to lift a 1 kg satellite into geosynchronous orbit is the difference between the energy of each of the 2 orbits (geosynchronous and earth). :<math>E_{orbital} = \frac{h c}{2 \pi r_{6371}} - \frac{h c}{2 \pi r_{42164}} = 0.412 x10^{-32}J</math> (energy per orbital) :<math>N_{orbitals} = \frac{M_{earth}m_{satellite}}{m_P^2} = 0.126 x10^{41}</math> (number of orbitals) :<math>E_{total} = E_{orbital} N_{orbitals} = 53 MJ/kg</math> 4) The orbital angular momentum of the planets derived from the angular momentum of the respective orbital pairs. :<math>N_{sun} = \frac{M_{sun}}{m_P} </math> :<math>N_{planet} = \frac{M_{planet}}{m_P} </math> :<math>N_{orbitals} = N_{sun}N_{planet} </math> :<math>n_g = \sqrt{\frac{R_{radius} m_P}{2 \alpha l_p M_{sun}}} </math> :<math>L_{oam} = 2\pi \frac{M r^2}{T} = N_{orbitals} n_g\frac{h}{2\pi} \sqrt{2 \alpha},\;\frac{kg m^2}{s} </math> The orbital angular momentum of the planets; mercury = .9153 x10<sup>39</sup> venus = .1844 x10<sup>41</sup> earth = .2662 x10<sup>41</sup> mars = .3530 x10<sup>40</sup> jupiter = .1929 x10<sup>44</sup> pluto = .365 x10<sup>39</sup> Orbital angular momentum combined with orbit velocity cancels ''n<sub>g</sub>'' giving an orbit constant. Adding momentum to an orbit will therefore result in a greater distance of separation and a corresponding reduction in orbit velocity accordingly. :<math>L_{oam}v_g = N_{orbitals} \frac{h c}{2\pi},\;\frac{kg m^3}{s^2} </math> [[File:orbit-points32-orbitals496-clumping-over-time.gif|thumb|right|640px|32 mass points (496 orbitals) begin with random co-ordinates, after 2<sup>32</sup> steps they have clumped to form 1 large mass and 2 orbiting masses.]] ==== Freely moving points ==== The simulation calculates each point as if freely moving in space, and so is useful with 'dust' clouds where the freedom of movement is not restricted. In this animation, 32 mass points begin with random co-ordinates (the only input parameter here are the start (''x'', ''y'') coordinates of each point). We then fast-forward 2<sup>32</sup> steps to see that the points have now clumped to form 1 larger mass and 2 orbiting masses. The larger center mass is then zoomed in on to show the component points are still orbiting each other, there are still 32 freely orbiting points, only the proximity between them has changed, they have formed ''planets''. [[File:Gravitational-potential-energy-8body-1-2.gif|thumb|right|640px|8-body circular orbit plus 1-body with opposing orbitals 1:2]] ==== Orbital trajectory (circular vs. straight) ==== Orbital trajectory is a measure of alignment of the orbitals. In the above examples, all orbitals rotate in the same direction = aligned. If all orbitals are unaligned the object will appear to 'fall' = straight line orbit. In this example, for comparison, onto an 8-body orbit (blue circle orbiting the center mass green circle), is imposed a single point (yellow dot) with a ratio of 1 orbital (anti-clockwise around the center mass) to 2 orbitals (clockwise around the center mass) giving an elliptical orbit. The change in orbit velocity (acceleration towards the center and deceleration from the center) derives automatically from the change in the orbital radius (there is no barycenter). The orbital drift (as determined where the blue and yellow meet) is due to these orbiting points rotating around each other. ==== Precession ==== semi-minor axis: <math>b = \alpha l^2 \lambda_A</math> semi-major axis: <math>a = \alpha n^2 \lambda_A</math> radius of curvature :<math>L = \frac{b^2}{a} = \frac{a l^4 \lambda_A}{n^2}</math> :<math>\frac{3 \lambda_A}{2 L} = \frac{3 n^2}{2 \alpha l^4}</math> arc secs per 100 years (drift): :<math>T_{earth}</math> = 365.25 days drift = <math>\frac{3 n^2}{2 \alpha l^4} 1296000 \frac{100 T_{earth}}{T_{planet}}</math> Mercury (eccentricity = 0.205630) T = 87.9691 days a = 57909050 km (''n'' = 378.2734) b = 56671523 km (''l'' = 374.2096) drift = 42.98 Venus (eccentricity = 0.006772) T = 224.701 days a = 108208000 km (''n'' = 517.085) b = 108205519 km (''l'' = 517.079) drift = 8.6247 Earth (eccentricity = 0.0167) T = 365.25 days a = 149598000 km (''n'' = 607.989) b = 149577138 km (''l'' = 607.946) drift = 3.8388 Mars (eccentricity = 0.0934) T = 686.980 days a = 227939366 km (''n'' = 750.485) b = 226942967 km (''l'' = 748.843) drift = 1.351 [[File:relativistic-quantum-gravity-orbitals-codingthecosmos.png|thumb|right|480px|Illustration of B's cylindrical orbit relative to A's time-line axis]] ==== Hyper-sphere orbit ==== {{main|Relativity (Planck)}} Each point moves 1 unit of (Planck) length per 1 unit of (Planck) time in '''x, y, z''' (hyper-sphere) co-ordinates, the simulation 4-axis hyper-sphere universe expanding in uniform (Planck) steps (the simulation clock-rate) as the origin of the speed of light, and so (hyper-sphere) time and velocity are constants. Particles are pulled along by this expansion, the expansion as the origin of motion, and so all objects, including orbiting objects, travel at, and only at, the speed of light in these hyper-sphere co-ordinates <ref>Macleod, Malcolm; {{Cite journal |title=1. Programming relativity for Planck unit Simulation Hypothesis modelling |journal=RG |date=26 March 2020 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.18574.00326/3 }}</ref>. Time becomes [[v:God_(programmer)#Universe_time-line |time-line]]. While ''B'' (satellite) has a circular orbit period on a 2-axis plane (the horizontal axis representing 3-D space) around ''A'' (planet), it also follows a cylindrical orbit (from B<sup>1</sup> to B<sup>11</sup>) around the ''A'' time-line (vertical expansion) axis ('''t<sub>d</sub>''') in hyper-sphere co-ordinates. ''A'' is moving with the universe expansion (along the time-line axis) at (''v = c''), but is stationary in 3-D space (''v'' = 0). ''B'' is orbiting ''A'' at (''v = c''), but the time-line axis motion is equivalent (and so `invisible') to both ''A'' and ''B'', as a result the orbital period and velocity measures will be defined in terms of 3-D space co-ordinates by observers on ''A'' and ''B''. For object '''B''' :<math>t_d = \sqrt{t^2 - {t_0}^2} = t \sqrt{1 - v_{outer}^2}</math> For object '''A''' :<math>t_d = t \sqrt{1 - v_{inner}^2}</math> ==== Planck force ==== :<math>F_p = \frac{m_P c^2}{l_p}</math> :<math>M_a = \frac{m_P \lambda_a}{2 l_p} ,\;m_b = \frac{m_P \lambda_b}{2 l_p}</math> :<math>F_g = \frac{M_a m_b G}{R^2} = \frac{\lambda_a \lambda_b F_p}{4 R_g^2} = \frac{\lambda_a \lambda_b F_p}{4 \alpha^2 n^4 (\lambda_a + \lambda_b)^2} </math> a) <math>M_a = m_b</math> :<math>F_g = \frac{F_p}{{(4 \alpha n^2)}^2} </math> b) <math>M_a >> m_b</math> :<math>F_g = \frac{\lambda_b F_p}{{(2 \alpha n^2)}^2 \lambda_a} = \frac{m_b c^2}{2 \alpha^2 n^4 \lambda_a} = m_b a_g</math> === Atomic orbitals === [[File:Alpha-hyperbolic-spiral.gif|thumb|right|640px|Bohr radius during ionization, as the H atom electron reaches each ''n'' level, it completes 1 orbit (for illustration) then continues outward (actual velocity will become slower as radius increases according to angle β)]] In the atom we find individual particle to particle orbitals, and as such the atomic orbital is principally a wave-state orbital (during the orbit the electron is predominately in the electric wave-state). The wave-state is defined by a wave-function, we can however map (assign co-ordinates to) the mass point-states and so follow the electron orbit, for example, in 1 orbit at the lowest energy level in the H atom, the electron will oscillate between wave-state to point-state approximately 471960 times. This means that we can treat the atomic orbital as a simple 2-body orbit with the electron as the orbiting point. Although this approach can only map the electron point-state (and so offers no direct information regarding the electron as a wave), during electron transition between ''n''-shell orbitals, we find the electron follows a [[v:Fine-structure_constant_(spiral) |hyperbolic spiral]], this is significant because periodically the spiral angle components converge reducing to integer radius values (360°=4''r'', 360+120°=9''r'', 360+180°=16''r'', 360+216°=25''r'' ... 720°=∞''r''). As these spiral angles (360°, 360+120°, 360+180°, 360+216° ...) are linked directly to pi via this spiral geometry, we may ask if quantization of the atom has a geometrical origin. <ref>Macleod, Malcolm J.; {{Cite journal |title=4. Atomic energy levels correlate exactly to pi via a hyperbolic spiral |journal=RG |date=Feb 2011 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.23106.71367/9}}</ref>. ==== Simulation ==== The simulation program can be adapted for atomic orbitals by simply including an additional alpha term in the rotation angle '''β'''. :<math>\beta = \frac{1}{r_{orbital} \sqrt{r_{orbital}} \sqrt{2\alpha}}</math> The following example simulates an electron transition, the electron begins at radius <math>r = r_{orbital}</math> and makes a 360° rotation at orbital radius ''r_{orbital'' (the orbital phase) and then moves in incremental steps to higher orbitals (transition phase). The period and length are measured at these [[v:Fine-structure_constant_(spiral) |(hyperbolic) spiral]] angles (360°; 360°; 360+120°; 360+180°, 360+216°, 360+240°) which in a (theoretical) Rydberg atom (of point size, infinite mass and disregarding wavelength) correspond precisely to the [[w:principal quantum number |principal quantum number]] ''n'' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6... shells Key: nucleus = 249 mass points (start ''x'', ''y'' co-ordinates close to 0, 0) and the electron = 1 mass point (at radius ''x'' = ''r'', ''y'' = 0), ''t''_sim = period and ''l''_sim = distance travelled by the electron ($l_{orbital} = l_{sim}$ at $n$=1), the radius coefficient ''r''_n = radius divided by <math>r_{orbital}</math>. [[File:H-atom-electron-transition-nucleus-plot.gif|thumb|right|640px|H atom electron transition spiral plotting the nucleus and barycenter as the electron transitions from n=1 to n=8]] :<math>j_{atom} = 250</math> (atomic mass) :<math>i_{nucleus} = j_{atom} -1 = 249</math> (relative nucleus mass) :<math>r_{wavelength} = 2 (\frac{j_{atom}}{i_{nucleus}})^2</math> = 2.0160965 :<math>r_{orbital} = 2 \alpha \;*\; r_{wavelength} </math> (radius) = 552.5556 :<math>t_n = \frac{t_{sim}}{r_{wavelength}}</math> :<math>l_n = \frac{l_{sim}}{l_{orbital}} - l_{orbital}</math> :<math>r_b = r_{sim} - \frac{r_{sim}}{j_{atom}}</math> :<math>r_n = \frac{r_b}{r_{orbital}}</math> Experimental values for H(1s-ns) transitions (''n'' the [[w:principal quantum number |principal quantum number]]). H(1s-2s) = 2466 061 413 187.035 kHz <ref>http://www2.mpq.mpg.de/~haensch/pdf/Improved%20Measurement%20of%20the%20Hydrogen%201S-2S%20Transition%20Frequency.pdf</ref> H(1s-3s) = 2922 743 278 665.79 kHz <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33243883/</ref> H(1s-4s) = 3082 581 563 822.63 kHz <ref>https://codata.org/</ref> H(1s-∞s) = 3288 086 857 127.60 kHz <ref>https://codata.org/ (109678.77174307cm-1)</ref> (''n'' = ∞) R = 10973731.568157 <ref>https://codata.org/ (mean)</ref> ([[w:Rydberg constant |Rydberg constant]]) α =137.035999177 (inverse fine structure constant <ref>https://codata.org/ (mean)</ref> proton/electron mass ratio pe = 1836.152673426 <ref>https://codata.org/ (mean)</ref> :<math>r_{wavelength} = \lambda_H = \frac{2 c}{\lambda_e + \lambda_p} = 8\pi \alpha^2 R c \frac{pe}{pe+1}</math> Dividing (dimensioned) wavelength (<math>r_{wavelength}</math>) by (dimensioned) transition returns a dimensionless number (the alpha component of the photon). The <math>(n^2 - 1)</math> term refers to the number of orbital wavelengths in the transition phase; :<math>t_{expt} = \frac{(n^2 - 1) \lambda_H }{H(1s-ns)}</math> There is no ''n''=1 to ''n''=1 transition, but the ionization energy will be virtually equivalent to the ''n''=1 orbital, and so for this orbital we can use a single wavelength and the ''n''=infinity transition as a close approximation. :<math>t_{1s} = \frac{\lambda_H }{H(1s-\infty s)} = 471959.243</math> Note: For a Rydberg atom, each segment on the 2-D plane is a multiple of <math>t_{ref}</math> (the base orbital at ''n'' = 1) :<math>t_{ref} = 2\pi 2\alpha 2\alpha</math> The experimental data will be relativistic and so a similar term is added to the reference data. The simulation data <math>t_{sim}</math> however is for a 2-D plane and no relativistic term is added. :<math>t_{rel} = t_{ref} \sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{4\alpha^2}} = 471961.21478</math> {| class="wikitable" |+Electron transition (mass = 250 ''n''=1 to ''n''=5) ! angle ! ''t''_rel ! ''t''_expt ! ''t''_sim ! ''l''_sim ! ''l''_n ! ''x'', ''y'' (electron) ! ''x'', ''y'' (nucleus) ! ''x'', ''y'' (barycenter) |- | 360° n=1 | 471961.215 | 471959.243* | 471957.072 | 3457.8864 | 0.99999 | 550.3341, 0.0036 | -2.2125, -0.0075 | -0.0023, -0.0075 |- | 720° n=2 | 1887844.859 | 1887839.826 | 1888356.002 | 6917.7127 | 3.00053 | 2202.8558, 0.0001 | -7.9565, -1.9475 | 0.8868, -1.9397 |- | 840° n=3 | 4247650.933 | 4247634.049 | 4247567.984 | 13831.460 | 4.999924 | -2472.8741, 4296.3067 | 13.5590, -10.3184 | 3.6133, 6.9081 |- | 900° n=4 | 7551379.436 | 7551347.553 | 7551165.283 | 20747.092 | 6.99986 | -8814.9421, 13.3054 | 25.6293, 13.3056 | -9.7330, 13.3056 |- | 936° n=5 | 11799030.370 | | 11798590.909 | 31118.741 | 8.99978 | -11157.39, -8079.27 | 16.573, 39.086 | -28.123, 6.612 |} ''*'' at infinity the second photon energy reduces to 0. ===== Comparative data ===== [[File:H-transitions-simulation_vs_experimental.jpg|thumb|right|800px|H atom transitions spiral data <math>\delta_t</math> for different mass; orange=64, gray=126, red=250, blue=500 (graph 1) and blue=experimental (graph 2)]] If we include simulations for mass = 64 and mass = 126 as reference and calculate all data relative to <math>t_{rel}</math> then we can compare results <math>\delta_t</math> (see simulation and experimental data graphs). We find a correlation between mass and data peaks as a function of nucleus mass. This is most pronounced in the ''n'' = 1 to ''n'' = 2 transition 'signature' peak and in the simulation it is a function of nucleus mass and shape - as the electron travels further from the center, the nucleus expands (this is using the gravity simulation program without modification and so the points that represent the nucleus are not at a fixed radius - each of the mass points are calculated independently). Conversely a Rydberg atom gives a straight line (multiples of <math>t_{ref}</math> with no peaks) - i.e.: the barycenter is always (0, 0) and the nucleus is a point (with mass but no size) and so does not expand. This suggests that by selecting nucleus mass and shape it may be possible to approach the experimental results, it also suggests that the proton shape could be influenced by the vicinity of the electron (electron charge)<ref>https://theprogrammergod.com/ The Programmer God, are we living in a simulation? (chapter 9. Atomic orbitals, 2014 edition)</ref>. :<math>\delta_t = \frac{t_{ns} - n^2 t_{rel}}{n^2}</math> {| class="wikitable" |+ <math>\delta_t</math> values for different mass ! ''n'' ! ''m''₆₄ ! ''m''₁₂₆ ! ''m''₂₅₀ ! ''m''₅₀₀ ! ''m''_expt |- | 1 | -3.8058 | -4.0272 | -4.1427 | -4.2015 | -1.9720 |- | 2 | 519.5311 | 259.4329 | 127.7856 | 61.2898 | -1.2582 |- | 3 | -11.5856 | -9.3487 | -9.2166 | -9.4759 | -1.8760 |- | 4 | -14.7931 | -14.0301 | -13.3846 | | -1.9927 |- | 5 | -18.4095 | -18.4353 | -17.5784 | | |} [[File:Bohr_atom_model_English.svg|thumb|right|320px|Electron at different ''n'' level orbitals]] ==== Theory ==== =====Alpha orbital ===== The H atom has 1 proton and 1 electron orbiting the proton, the electron can be found at fixed radius (the [[w:Bohr radius |Bohr radius]]) from the proton (nucleus), these radius represent different energy levels (orbitals) at which the electron may be found orbiting the proton and so are described as quantum levels. Electron transition (to higher energy levels) occurs when an incoming photon provides the required energy (momentum). Conversely emission of a photon will result in electron transition to lower energy levels. The [[w:principal quantum number |principal quantum number ''n'']] denotes the energy level for each orbital. As ''n'' increases, the electron is at a higher energy and is therefore less tightly bound to the nucleus (as ''n'' increases, the electron is further from the nucleus). Each ''n'' ([[w:electron shell|electron shell]]) can accommodate up to ''n''² electrons (1, 4, 9, 16, 25...), and accounting for two states of spin, 2''n''². As these orbitals are fixed according to integer ''n'', the atom can be said to be quantized. The basic (alpha) radius for each ''n'' level uses the fine structure constant alpha (α = 137.036) whereby; <math>r_{orbital} = 2\alpha n^2 (\lambda_p + \lambda_e)</math> Such that at ''n'' = 1, the start radius alpha component ''r'' = 2α. We can map the electron orbit around the orbital as a series of steps. The steps are defined according to the rotation angle β; :<math>\beta = \frac{1}{r_{orbital} \sqrt{r_{orbital}}\sqrt{2\alpha}}</math> [[File:atomic-orbital-rotation-step.png|thumb|right|208px|electron (blue dot) moving 1 step anti-clockwise along the alpha orbital circumference]] At specific ''n'' levels (for clarity the wavelength is not included); :<math>\beta = \frac{1}{4\alpha^2 n^3}</math> This gives a length travelled per (integer) step as the inverse of the radius :<math>l_{orbital} = \frac{1}{2\alpha n}</math> :<math>v_{orbital} = \frac{1}{2\alpha n}</math> The number of steps (orbital period) for 1 orbit of the electron then becomes :<math>t_{orbital} = \frac{2\pi r_{orbital}}{v_{orbital}} = 2\pi 2\alpha 2\alpha n^3</math> ===== Photon orbital model ===== The electron can jump between ''n'' levels via the absorption or emission of a photon. In the [[Quantum_gravity_(Planck)#Atomic_orbitals|photon-orbital]] model<ref>Macleod, Malcolm J.; {{Cite journal |title=4. Atomic energy levels correlate exactly to pi via a hyperbolic spiral |journal=RG |date=Feb 2011 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.23106.71367/9}}</ref>, the orbital (Bohr) radius is treated as a 'physical wave' akin to the photon albeit of inverse or reverse phase such that <math>orbital \;radius + photon = zero</math> (cancel). The photon can be considered as a moving wave, the orbital radius as a standing/rotating wave (trapped between the electron and proton). It is the rotation of the orbital radius that pulls the electron, resulting in the electron orbit around the nucleus (orbital momentum comes from the orbital radius). Furthermore, orbital transition (between orbitals) occurs between the orbital radius and the photon, the electron has a passive role. The photon is actually 2 photons as per the Rydberg formula (denoted initial and final). :<math>\lambda_{photon} = R.(\frac{1}{n_i^2}-\frac{1}{n_f^2}) = \frac{R}{n_i^2}-\frac{R}{n_f^2}</math> :<math>\lambda_{photon} = (+\lambda_i) - (+\lambda_f)</math> The wavelength of the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon corresponds to the wavelength of the orbital radius. The (+<math>\lambda_i</math>) will then delete the orbital radius as described above (orbital + photon = zero), however the (-<math>\lambda_f</math>), because of the Rydberg minus term, will have the same phase as the orbital radius and so conversely will increase the orbital radius. And so for the duration of the (+<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon wavelength, the orbital radius does not change as the 2 photons cancel each other; :<math>r_{orbital} = r_{orbital} + (\lambda_i - \lambda_f)</math> However, the (<math>\lambda_f</math>) has the longer wavelength, and so after the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon has been absorbed, and for the remaining duration of this (<math>\lambda_f</math>) photon wavelength the orbital radius will be extended until the (<math>\lambda_f</math>) is also absorbed. For example, the electron is at the ''n'' = 1 orbital. To jump from an initial <math>n_i = 1</math> orbital to a final <math>n_f = 2</math> orbital, first the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon is absorbed (<math>\lambda_i + \lambda_{orbital} = zero</math> which corresponds to 1 complete ''n'' = 1 orbit by the electron, the '''orbital phase'''), then the remaining (<math>\lambda_f</math>) photon continues until it too is absorbed (the '''transition phase'''). :<math>t_{ref} \sim 2\pi 4\alpha^2 </math> :<math>\lambda_i = 1t_{ref}</math> :<math>\lambda_f = 4t_{ref}</math> (''n'' = 2) After the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon is absorbed, the (<math>\lambda_f</math>) photon still has <math>\lambda_f = (4-1)t_{ref}</math> steps remaining until it too is absorbed. [[File:atomic-orbital-transition-alpha-steps.png|thumb|right|277px|orbital transition during orbital rotation]] However, instead of a discrete jump between energy levels by the electron, absorption/emission takes place in discrete steps, each step corresponds to a unit of <math>r_{incr}</math>; :<math>r_{incr} = -\frac{1}{2 \pi 2\alpha r_{wavelength}}</math> As <math>r_{incr}</math> has a minus value, the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon will shrink the orbital radius accordingly, per step :<math>r_{orbital} = r_{orbital} + r_{incr}</math> Conversely, because of its minus term, the (<math>\lambda_i</math>) photon will extend the orbital radius accordingly; :<math>r_{orbital} = r_{orbital} - r_{incr}</math> The model assumes orbits also follow along a [[Quantum_gravity_(Planck)#Hyper-sphere_orbit|timeline ''z''-axis]] :<math>t_{orbital} = t_{ref} \sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{(v_{orbital})^2}}</math> The orbital phase has a fixed radius, however at the transition phase this needs to be calculated for each discrete step as the orbital velocity depends on the radius; :<math>t_{transition} = t_{ref} \sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{(v_{transition})^2}}</math> ===== Alpha spiral ===== [[File:Hyperbol-spiral-1.svg|thumb|right|320px|Hyperbolic spiral]] A [[w:hyperbolic spiral |hyperbolic spiral]] is a type of [[w:spiral|spiral]] with a pitch angle that increases with distance from its center. As this curve widens (radius '''r''' increases), it approaches an [[w:asymptotic line|asymptotic line]] (the '''y'''-axis) with the limit set by a scaling factor '''a''' (as '''r''' approaches infinity, the '''y''' axis approaches '''a'''). In its simplest form, a [[w:fine structure constant|fine structure constant]] spiral (or alpha spiral) is a specific hyperbolic spiral that appears in [[w:Atomic electron transition|electron transitions]] between [[w:atomic orbital|atomic orbitals]] in a [[w:Hydrogen atom|Hydrogen atom]]. It can be represented in Cartesian coordinates by :<math>x = a^2 \frac{cos(\varphi)}{\varphi^2},\; y = a^2 \frac{sin(\varphi)}{\varphi^2},\;0 < \varphi < 4\pi</math> This spiral has only 2 revolutions approaching 720° as the radius approaches infinity. If we set start radius '''r''' = 1, then at given angles radius '''r''' will have integer values (the angle components cancel). :<math>\varphi = (2)\pi, \; r = 4</math> (360°) :<math>\varphi = (4/3)\pi,\; r = 9</math> (240°) :<math>\varphi = (1)\pi, \; r = 16</math> (180°) :<math>\varphi = (4/5)\pi, \; r = 25</math> (144°) :<math>\varphi = (2/3)\pi, \; r = 36</math> (120°) Starting with <math>\varphi = 0, \;r = 2\alpha</math> (''n''=1), for each step during transition; :<math>\beta = \frac{1}{r_{orbital} \sqrt{r_{orbital}}\sqrt{2\alpha}}</math> :<math>\varphi = \varphi + \beta</math> As <math>\beta</math> is proportional to the radius, as the radius increases the value of <math>\beta</math> will reduce correspondingly (likewise reducing the orbital velocity). {{see|Fine-structure_constant_(spiral)}} Setting t = step number (FOR t = 1 TO ...), we can calculate the radius ''r'' and the <math>n_f^2</math> at each step <ref>Macleod, Malcolm J.; {{Cite journal |title=4. Atomic energy levels correlate exactly to pi via a hyperbolic spiral |journal=RG |date=Feb 2011 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.23106.71367/9}}</ref>. :<math>r = 2 \alpha + \frac{t}{2\pi 2\alpha}</math> (number of increments ''t'' of <math>r_{incr}</math>) :<math>n_f^2 = 1 + \frac{t}{2\pi 4\alpha^2}</math> (<math>n_f^2</math> as a function of ''t'') :<math>\varphi =4 \pi \frac{(n_f^2 - n_f)}{n_f^2}</math> (<math>\varphi</math> at any <math>n_f^2</math>) [[File:H-orbit-transitions-n1-n2-n3-n1.gif|thumb|right|640px|fig 5. H atom orbital transitions from n1-n2, n2-n3, n3-n1 via 2 photon capture, photons expand/contract the orbital radius. The spiral pattern emerges because the electron is continuously pulled in an anti-clockwise direction by the rotating orbital.]] ===== H atom ===== The Bohr radius for an ionizing electron (H atom) follows this hyperbolic spiral. At specific spiral angles, the angle components (for this particular spiral) cancel returning an integer value for the radius (360°=4''r'', 360+120°=9''r'', 360+180°=16''r'', 360+216°=25''r'' ... 720°=∞''r''). In the classical [[w:Bohr model|Bohr model]], the electron orbits around the barycenter (center of mass) and for this is used the reduced mass (the CODATA proton-electron mass ratio ''μ'' = 1836.152673426(32)). :<math>\mu_n = \frac{m_e + m_p}{m_p} = 1 + \frac{1}{\mu}</math> = 1.000544 617 021 However, the <math>H_{1s-\infty s}</math> (ionization) vs. Rydberg constant shows slight divergence :<math>\frac{R}{H(1s-\infty s)}</math> = 1.000533 776 387 We can then determine the precise value for <math>\mu_n</math> for each energy level using the literature values as reference: H(1s-2s) = 2466 061 413 187.035 kHz <ref>http://www2.mpq.mpg.de/~haensch/pdf/Improved%20Measurement%20of%20the%20Hydrogen%201S-2S%20Transition%20Frequency.pdf</ref> H(1s-3s) = 2922 743 278 665.79 kHz <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33243883/</ref> H(1s-4s) = 3082 581 563 822.63 kHz <ref>https://codata.org/</ref> ''n'' = 2, <math>\mu_n</math> = 1.000539 387 875 ''n'' = 3, <math>\mu_n</math> = 1.000536 337 888 ''n'' = 4, <math>\mu_n</math> = 1.000535 460 372 [[File:Hatom-alpha-orbital-spiral-angle-vs-transition-frequency-eV.jpg|thumb|right|480px|H atom transition (n=1 to n=64); alpha orbital spiral angles (pi) vs transition energies (eV)]] By using ''n'' as a function of the rotation angle, we can plot a continuous value for <math>\mu_n</math> (see graph right) == External links == * [[v:Fine-structure_constant_(spiral) | Fine structure constant hyperbolic spiral]] * [[v:Physical_constant_(anomaly) | Physical constant anomalies]] * [[v:Planck_units_(geometrical) | Planck units as geometrical objects]] * [[v:electron_(mathematical) | The mathematical electron]] * [[v:Relativity_(Planck) | Programming relativity at the Planck scale]] * [[v:Black-hole_(Planck) | Programming the cosmic microwave background at the Planck level]] * [[v:Sqrt_Planck_momentum | The sqrt of Planck momentum]] * [[v:God_(programmer) | The Programmer God]] * [https://codingthecosmos.com/ Simulation hypothesis modelling at the Planck scale using geometrical objects] * [https://theprogrammergod.com/ The Programmer God, are we in a computer simulation? - eBook] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Physics| ]] [[Category:Philosophy of science| ]] pu7yokutjst3yuquoqsewkl0sokrjt6 0 285384 2691997 2691903 2024-12-14T23:53:55Z Young1lim 21186 /* Integer Arithmetic */ 2691997 wikitext text/x-wiki === Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 === ==== Overview ==== * Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Data Processing ==== * Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Control ==== * Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]]) * Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Function calls ==== * Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]]) * Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== * Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]]) * Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Integer Arithmetic ==== * Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]]) * Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]]) * Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]]) * Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Floating point Arithmetic ==== </br> === Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 === ==== Linking Libraries ==== * Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |pdf]]) * Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241214-1.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Managing Libraries ==== * Shared Library Names ([[Media:MNG.1A.Names.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Library Search Path ==== * Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241101.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Linking Process ==== * Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Example I ==== * Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples II ==== * analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) </br> go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] 6epnnng7agh4jnwm0923wtsl27x8i0g 2691999 2691997 2024-12-14T23:55:05Z Young1lim 21186 /* Integer Arithmetic */ 2691999 wikitext text/x-wiki === Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 === ==== Overview ==== * Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Data Processing ==== * Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Control ==== * Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]]) * Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Function calls ==== * Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]]) * Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== * Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]]) * Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Integer Arithmetic ==== * Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]]) * Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]]) * Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]]) * Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241212.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Floating point Arithmetic ==== </br> === Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 === ==== Linking Libraries ==== * Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |pdf]]) * Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241214-1.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Managing Libraries ==== * Shared Library Names ([[Media:MNG.1A.Names.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Library Search Path ==== * Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241101.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Linking Process ==== * Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Example I ==== * Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples II ==== * analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) </br> go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] 69p96jin57270yqxhnjnike2oqrwom0 2692001 2691999 2024-12-14T23:56:05Z Young1lim 21186 /* Integer Arithmetic */ 2692001 wikitext text/x-wiki === Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 === ==== Overview ==== * Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Data Processing ==== * Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Control ==== * Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]]) * Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Function calls ==== * Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]]) * Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== * Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]]) * Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Integer Arithmetic ==== * Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]]) * Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]]) * Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]]) * Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241213.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Floating point Arithmetic ==== </br> === Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 === ==== Linking Libraries ==== * Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |pdf]]) * Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241214-1.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Managing Libraries ==== * Shared Library Names ([[Media:MNG.1A.Names.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Library Search Path ==== * Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241101.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Linking Process ==== * Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Example I ==== * Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples II ==== * analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) </br> go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] 3alt9dyutkk275369qyjmbpfeuvef0t 2692003 2692001 2024-12-14T23:57:00Z Young1lim 21186 /* Integer Arithmetic */ 2692003 wikitext text/x-wiki === Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 === ==== Overview ==== * Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Data Processing ==== * Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Control ==== * Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]]) * Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Function calls ==== * Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]]) * Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== * Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]]) * Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Integer Arithmetic ==== * Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]]) * Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]]) * Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]]) * Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Floating point Arithmetic ==== </br> === Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 === ==== Linking Libraries ==== * Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |pdf]]) * Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241214-1.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Managing Libraries ==== * Shared Library Names ([[Media:MNG.1A.Names.20241214.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Library Search Path ==== * Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241101.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Linking Process ==== * Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Example I ==== * Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples II ==== * analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) </br> go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] t3qfffgmiszuvz7ikc2722eqzo0jgxc 0 306269 2691970 2691818 2024-12-14T16:58:38Z Parodda 2936296 /* Variable, Subscale, and Total Score Information */ entering subscale information 2691970 wikitext text/x-wiki === Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study === [https://abcdstudy.org/study-sites/ The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study'''©'''] is the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in the United States, with 11,880 children between the ages of 9 and 10 having been invited to join the study. The ABCD study is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is associated with 21 research sites across the country. Researchers seek to explore how childhood experiences interact to affect cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development during adolescence. The goal of the ABCD study is to provide families, schools, professionals, and policy makers with crucial information needed to promote the health, well-being, and success of children. ''Copyright '''©''' 2024 ABCD Study | "ABCD Study'''©''', Teen Brains. Today's Science. Brighter Future.'''©''', El cerebro adolescente. La ciencia de hoy. Un futuro más brillante.'''©''' and the ABCD Study Logos are registered marks of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS). Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study, El Estudio del Desarrollo Cognitivo y Cerebral del Adolescente℠, are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)."'' ==== ABCD Coordinating Center ==== Principal Investigators: Drs. Terry Jernigan and Sandra A. Brown Manager: David Benjamin Email: abcd-cc@ucsd.edu ====== Data Analysis, Informatics & Resource Center (DAIRC) ====== Principal Investigator: Dr. Anders Dale Associate Director, Bioinformatics: Dr. Rongguang Yang Email: roy002@health.ucsd.edu == Materials == This page combines and organizes materials from the following sources: === ABCD Protocol by Wave === The following are ABCD Protocol for both youth and parents by wave. All PDFs were created by the ABCD study and were the first resource used to build this page. * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/flyer_protocol_Baseline_new.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Baseline] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/flyer_protocol-1yrFlup_eg_both.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: One-year Follow-up] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/flyer_protocol-2yrFlup_eg_both.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Two-year Follow-up] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/flyer_protocol-3yrFlup_eg.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Three-year Follow-up] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flyer_protocol-4yrFlup_eg-final.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Four-year Follow-up] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ABCD_Youth_Protocol_Summary_Five-Year_Follow-Up_Flyer_041823.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Five-year Follow-up] * [https://abcdstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/flyer_protocol_MidYearSummary_eg.pdf ABCD Protocol Summary: Mid-year Follow-up] === ABCD Study Release Notes === The ABCD Study release notes were also used in the making of this page, and can be found below. Release notes were used as a second point of reference in determining when data were collected, data table names, and for citing measures. [https://wiki.abcdstudy.org/release-notes/start-page.html ABCD Study Release Notes] === ABCD Data Dictionary === The ABCD Data Dictionary was used to group measures, as well as to generate table, sub-scale, and variable names. The Data Dictionary was used as an additional point of reference in determining when data were collected. [https://data-dict.abcdstudy.org/? ABCD Data Dictionary] == Overview of Measures == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Overview of Measures by Wave ''*Imaging data displayed separately below'' !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Baseline !1-Year Follow-up !2-Year Follow-up !3-Year Follow-up !4-Year Follow-up !5-Year Follow-up !6-Year Follow-up !Mid-year Follow-up |- |Longitudinal Tracking |General Information |Administrative |Youth |Yes | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Latent Factors |General Information |Demographics |Youth | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Occupation Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |- |PhenX Demographics Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Screener (Study Eligibility) |General Information |Administrative |Parent |Yes | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Blood - BASO, EOS, Hemoglobin, MCV, PLT/WBC/RBC counts, Immature Gran, Lymph, MCH, MCHC, MONO, MPV, NEUT, NRBC, RDW, Cholesterol, Burr Cells, Poikilocytosis, Hematocrit |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Blood (DNA) |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |Yes* |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Oral Fluids (pubertal hormones)<ref>Dolsen, E. A., Deardorff, J., & Harvey, A. G. (2019). Salivary Pubertal Hormones, Sleep Disturbance, and an Evening Circadian Preference in Adolescents: Risk Across Health Domains. ''The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine'', ''64''(4), 523–529.</ref> |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes* |Yes |Yes* |Yes |No |- |Oral Fluids (DNA) |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |- |[[COVID-19]] Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[Blood pressure (OSCE)|Blood Pressure]] |Physical Health |Examination |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |PhenX Anthropometrics (height/weight/waist measurements)<ref>Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Division of Nutrition). (2016). Anthropometry Procedures Manual.</ref> |Physical Health |Examination |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Pain Questionnaire<ref>Luntamo, T., Sourander, A., Santalahti, P., Aromaa, M., & Helenius, H. (2012). Prevalence changes of pain, sleep problems and fatigue among 8-year-old children: years 1989, 1999, and 2005. ''Journal of pediatric psychology'', ''37''(3), 307–318.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Respiratory Functioning<ref>Gillman, M. W., & Blaisdell, C. J. (2018). Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, a Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. ''Current opinion in pediatrics'', ''30''(2), 260–262.</ref><ref>Asher, M. I., Keil, U., Anderson, H. R., Beasley, R., Crane, J., Martinez, F., Mitchell, E. A., Pearce, N., Sibbald, B., & Stewart, A. W. (1995). International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. ''The European respiratory journal'', ''8''(3), 483–491.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Youth<ref name=":1">Hunsberger, M., O’Malley, J., Block, T., & Norris, J. C. (2015). Relative validation of Block Kids Food Screener for dietary assessment in children and adolescents. ''Maternal & child nutrition'', ''11''(2), 260–270.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire - Youth |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |[[wikipedia:Youth_Risk_Behavior_Surveillance_System|Youth Risk Behavior Survey]] - Exercise |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Youth<ref name=":0">Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988). A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. ''Journal of youth and adolescence'', ''17''(2), 117–133.</ref> |Physical Health |Puberty |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[wikipedia:Munich_Chronotype_Questionnaire|Munich ChronoType Questionnaire]] (sleep)<ref>Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C., Beersma, D. G., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005). Comparison of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Ostberg’s Morningness-Eveningness Score. ''Chronobiology international'', ''22''(2), 267–278.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Medications |Physical Health | |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Baby Teeth (substance and environmental toxin exposure)<ref>Cassidy-Bushrow, A. E., Wu, K. H., Sitarik, A. R., Park, S. K., Bielak, L. F., Austin, C., Gennings, C., Curtin, P., Johnson, C. C., & Arora, M. (2019). In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort. ''Environmental research'', ''171'', 444–451.</ref> |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes* |Yes |Yes* |Yes |No |- |COVID-19 Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Parent |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |Breast Feeding Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |Developmental History Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref><ref>Merikangas, K. R., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Koretz, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): I. Background and measures. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 367–379.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |Yes |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |Medical History Questionnaire<ref>Todd, R. D., Joyner, C. A., Heath, A. C., Neuman, R. J., & Reich, W. (2003). Reliability and stability of a semistructured DSM-IV interview designed for family studies. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''42''(12), 1460–1468.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Ohio State [[wikipedia:Traumatic_brain_injury|TBI]] Screen - Short<ref>Bogner, J. A., Whiteneck, G. G., MacDonald, J., Juengst, S. B., Brown, A. W., Philippus, A. M., Marwitz, J. H., Lengenfelder, J., Mellick, D., Arenth, P., & Corrigan, J. D. (2017). Test-Retest Reliability of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Measures: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. ''The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation'', ''32''(5), E1–E16. </ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX Medications Survey (Medications Inventory) |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Child Nutrition Assessment<ref>Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. ''Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association'', ''11''(9), 1007–1014.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Parent<ref name=":1" /> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |International Physical Activity Questionnaire<ref>Booth M. (2000). Assessment of physical activity: an international perspective. ''Research quarterly for exercise and sport'', ''71''(2 Suppl), S114–S120.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire - Parent<ref>Huppertz, C., Bartels, M., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C., Hudziak, J. J., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., & de Geus, E. (2016). Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior: Stability and Change in Genetic and Environmental Determinants From Age 7 to 18. ''Behavior genetics'', ''46''(5), 665–679.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |No |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Parent<ref name=":0" /> |Physical Health |Puberty |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children<ref>Bruni, O., Ottaviano, S., Guidetti, V., Romoli, M., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F., & Giannotti, F. (1996). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. ''Journal of sleep research'', ''5''(4), 251–261.</ref><ref>Ferreira, V. R., Carvalho, L. B., Ruotolo, F., de Morais, J. F., Prado, L. B., & Prado, G. F. (2009). Sleep disturbance scale for children: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation. ''Sleep medicine'', ''10''(4), 457–463.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Youth)<ref name=":16">Potter, A., Dube, S., Allgaier, N., Loso, H., Ivanova, M., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Chaarani, B., Dumas, J., Feldstein-Ewing, S., Freedman, E. G., Garavan, H., Hoffman, E., McGlade, E., Robin, L., & Johns, M. M. (2021). Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''62''(2), 171–179.</ref><ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Reed, E., Salazar, M., Behar, A. I., Agah, N., Silverman, J. G., Minnis, A. M., Rusch, M., & Raj, A. (2019). Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''75'', 53–62.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057. </ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Parent)<ref name=":16" /><ref>Johnson, L. L., Bradley, S. J., Birkenfeld-Adams, A. S., Kuksis, M. A., Maing, D. M., Mitchell, J. N., & Zucker, K. J. (2004). A parent-report gender identity questionnaire for children. ''Archives of sexual behavior'', ''33''(2), 105–116.</ref><ref>Elizabeth, P. H., & Green, R. (1984). Childhood sex-role behaviors: similarities and differences in twins. ''Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae'', ''33''(2), 173–179.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Parent |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref name=":16" /><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Parent |No |No |No |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Genetic Principal Components & Relatedness |Genetics |Genetics |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Twin Zygosity Rating |Genetics |Genetics |Youth | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Brief Problem Monitor Scale<ref>Achenbach, T. M. (2009). The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory, and Applications. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |- |KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion Regulation Questionnaire<ref>Gross, J.J., & John, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. </ref><ref>Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children: The development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 1–9.</ref><ref>Gullone, E., & Taffe, J. (2012). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): a psychometric evaluation. Psychological assessment, ''24''(2), 409–417.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |NIH Toolbox Positive Affect Items<ref>Salsman, J. M., Butt, Z., Pilkonis, P. A., Cyranowski, J. M., Zill, N., Hendrie, H. C., Kupst, M. J., Kelly, M. A. R., Bode, R. K., Choi, S. W., Lai, J.-S. ., Griffith, J. W., Stoney, C. M., Brouwers, P., Knox, S. S., & Cella, D. (2013). Emotion assessment using the NIH Toolbox. ''Neurology'', ''80''(Issue 11, Supplement 3), S76–S86. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182872e11</nowiki> </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/positive-affect/|title=Positive Affect|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref>Gershon, R.C., Wagster, M.V., et al., 2013. NIH toolbox for assessment of neurological and behavioral function. Neurology 80 (11 Suppl. 3), S2–6.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|7-Up Mania Items]]<ref name=":9">Youngstrom, E. A., Murray, G., Johnson, S. L., & Findling, R. L. (2013). The 7 Up 7 Down Inventory: A 14-item measure of manic and depressive tendencies carved from the General Behavior Inventory. ''Psychological Assessment'', ''25''(4), 1377–1383. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033975</nowiki> </ref> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Peer Experiences Questionnaire<ref>De Los Reyes, A. & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression-distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325-335.</ref><ref>Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological functioning of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 477-489.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Youth Resilience Scale<ref>Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2009). Cross-cultural consultation leading to the development of a valid measure of youth resilience: The International Resilience Project. ''Studia psychologica'', ''51''(2-3), 259-268.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Prodromal Psychosis Scale<ref>Karcher NR, Barch DM, Avenevoli S, Savill M, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Loewy RL. Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychotic like Experiences in Childhood. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75(8):853-861.</ref><ref>Loewy, R.L., Bearden, C.E., et al., 2005. The prodromal questionnaire (PQ): preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 79 (1), 117–125.</ref><ref>Ising, H.K., Veling, W., et al., 2012. The validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population. Schizophr. Bull. 38 (6), 1288–1296.</ref><ref>Therman, S., Lindgren, M., et al., 2014. Predicting psychosis and psychiatric hospital care among adolescent psychiatric patients with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Schizophr. Res. 158 (1–3), 7–10.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[wikipedia:Kiddie_Schedule_for_Affective_Disorders_and_Schizophrenia|Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS)]] Background Items Survey - Youth<ref name=":6">KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''36''(7), 980–988. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021</nowiki></ref><ref name=":7">Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Perepletchikova, F., Brent, D., & Ryan, N. (2016). ''K-SADS-PL DSM-5''. <nowiki>https://pediatricbipolar.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Clinical%20tools/KSADS/KSADS_DSM_5_SCREEN_Final.pdf</nowiki> </ref><ref name=":2">Townsend, L, Kobak, K., Kearney, C., Milham, M., Andreotti, C., Escalera, J., Alexander, L., Gill, M.K., Birmaher, B., Sylvester, R., Rice, D., Deep, A., Kaufman, J. (2020).  Development of Three Web-Based Computerized Versions of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-COMP) Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview: Preliminary Validity Data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb;59(2):309-325. doi:10.1016/j.jaac. PMID: 31108163.</ref><ref name=":3">Kaufman, J., Kobak, K., Birmaher, B., & de Lacy, N. (2021). KSADS-COMP Perspectives on Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment Planning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''60''(5), 540–542.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems)<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Cyberbullying Questionnaire<ref>Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PMID: 24424252.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Life Events Scale - Youth<ref name=":10">Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., et al., 2001. Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 29 (2), 153–164.</ref><ref name=":15">Grant, K.E., Compas, B.E., et al., 2004. Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33 (2), 412–425.</ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) Scales|PhenX Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales]]<ref>Carver, C. & White, T. (1994). Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation, and affective response to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 67(2), 319-333.</ref><ref>Pagliaccio D, Luking KR, Anokhin AP, Gotlib IH, Hayden EP, Olino TM, Peng CZ, Hajcak G, Barch DM. Revising the BIS/BAS Scale to study development: Measurement invariance and normative effects of age and sex from childhood through adulthood. Psychol Assess. 2016 Apr;28(4):429-42. doi: 10.1037/pas0000186. Epub 2015 Aug 24. PMID: 26302106; PMCID: PMC4766059.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior (UPPS-P) for Children - Short Form (ABCD Version)<ref>Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. ''Personality and Individual Differences, 30''(4), 669-689. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7</ref><ref>Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. ''Psychological Assessment, 19''(1), 107–118. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.107</nowiki></ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Agoraphobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Panic Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Separation Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Specific Phobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Autism Spectrum Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Autism Spectrum |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Behavior Checklist]]<ref name=":11">Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Self-Report]] (psychopathology)<ref name=":11" /> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |[[wikipedia:Child_Behavior_Checklist|Child Behavior Checklist]]<ref>Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. ''Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of mult-informant assessment.'' Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families; 2001.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Family History Assessment Survey<ref>Brown SA, Brumback T, Tomlinson K, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Clark DB, Chung T, Hasler BP, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Rohlfing T, Nichols BN, Chu W, Tapert SF. The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA): A Multisite Study of Adolescent Development and Substance Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2015 Nov;76(6):895-908. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895. PMID: 26562597; PMCID: PMC4712659.</ref><ref>Rice JP, Reich T, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Fishman R, Rochberg N, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Schuckit MA, Begleiter H. Comparison of direct interview and family history diagnoses of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Aug;19(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00983.x. PMID: 7485811.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale<ref>Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., Hannan, S. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2016). Addressing psychometric limitations of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale through item modification. Journal of Personality Assessment.</ref><ref>Bunford, N., Dawson, A. E., Evans, S. W., Ray, A. R., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., DuPaul, G. J., & Allan, D. M. (2020). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD. Assessment, 27(5), 921–940.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Parent |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (ADHD) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Homicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|General Behavior Inventory - Mania]]<ref name=":9" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Parent <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Psychotic Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Background Items Survey - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Short Social Responsiveness Scale<ref>Aldridge, F. J., Gibbs, V. M., Schmidhofer, K., & Williams, M. (2012). Investigating the clinical usefulness of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in a tertiary level, autism spectrum disorder specific assessment clinic. ''Journal of autism and developmental disorders'', ''42''(2), 294–300.</ref><ref>Constantino J. N. (2011). The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment. ''Pediatric research'', ''69''(5 Pt 2), 55R–62R.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. ''Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP'', ''21''(1), 2–11.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. ''The American journal of psychiatry'', ''157''(12), 2043–2045.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. ''Archives of general psychiatry'', ''60''(5), 524–530.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Gruber, C. P., Davis, S., Hayes, S., Passanante, N., & Przybeck, T. (2004). The factor structure of autistic traits. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''45''(4), 719–726.</ref><ref>Hus, V., Bishop, S., Gotham, K., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Factors influencing scores on the social responsiveness scale. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''54''(2), 216–224.</ref><ref>Kaat, A. J., & Farmer, C. (2017). Commentary: Lingering questions about the Social Responsiveness Scale short form. A commentary on Sturm et al. (2017). ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''58''(9), 1062–1064.</ref><ref>Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Screening accuracy of Level 2 autism spectrum disorder rating scales. A review of selected instruments. ''Autism : the international journal of research and practice'', ''14''(4), 263–284.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Parent |No |Yes |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Life Events Scale - Parent<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":15" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[wikipedia:Perceived_Stress_Scale|Perceived Stress Scale]]<ref>Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396. </ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |Yes |No |- |Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire<ref>Latham MD, Dudgeon P, Yap MBH, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Schwartz OS, Ivie E, Whittle S, Allen NB. Factor Structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Assessment. 2020 Oct;27(7):1547-1561. doi: 10.1177/1073191119831789. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30788984.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Parent |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Brief Problem Monitor |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Teacher |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Edinburgh_Handedness_Inventory|Edinburgh Handedness Inventory]] |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |- |Neurocognition Assessment Administration |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Snellen_chart|Snellen Vision Screener]] |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress Task (BIRD)<ref>Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., & Brown, R. A. (2003). A modified computer version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) as a laboratory-based stressor. ''The Behavior Therapist, 26''(4), 290–293.</ref><ref>Feldner, M. T., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2006). Examining the association between rumination, negative affectivity, and negative affect induced by a paced auditory serial addition task. ''Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry'', ''37''(3), 171–187.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |Cash Choice Task<ref>Wulfert, E., Block, J. A., Santa Ana, E., Rodriguez, M. L., & Colsman, M. (2002). Delay of gratification: impulsive choices and problem behaviors in early and late adolescence. ''Journal of personality'', ''70''(4), 533–552.</ref><ref>Anokhin, A. P., Golosheykin, S., Grant, J. D., & Heath, A. C. (2011). Heritability of delay discounting in adolescence: a longitudinal twin study. ''Behavior genetics'', ''41''(2), 175–183.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |- |Delay Discounting Task<ref>Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K. (2008). An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. ''Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology'', ''16''(3), 264–274.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |Emotional Faces Stroop Task<ref>Başgöze, Z., Gönül, A. S., Baskak, B., & Gökçay, D. (2015). Valence-based Word-Face Stroop task reveals differential emotional interference in patients with major depression. ''Psychiatry research'', ''229''(3), 960–967.</ref><ref>Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: the contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. ''Journal of experimental psychology. General'', ''132''(1), 47–70.</ref><ref>Stroop, J.R., 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18 (6), 643–662.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |Game of Dice Task<ref>Brand, M., Fujiwara, E., Borsutzky, S., Kalbe, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Decision-making deficits of Korsakoff patients in a new gambling task with explicit rules: associations with executive functions. ''Neuropsychology'', ''19''(3), 267–277.</ref><ref>Drechsler, R., Rizzo, P., & Steinhausen, H. C. (2008). Decision-making on an explicit risk-taking task in preadolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ''Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)'', ''115''(2), 201–209.</ref><ref>Duperrouzel, J. C., Hawes, S. W., Lopez-Quintero, C., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., Hayes, T., & Gonzalez, R. (2019). Adolescent cannabis use and its associations with decision-making and episodic memory: Preliminary results from a longitudinal study. ''Neuropsychology'', ''33''(5), 701–710.</ref><ref>Ross, J. M., Graziano, P., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., & Gonzalez, R. (2016). Decision-Making Does not Moderate the Association between Cannabis Use and Body Mass Index among Adolescent Cannabis Users. ''Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS'', ''22''(9), 944–949.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |Little Man Task<ref>Acker, W. (1982). “A computerized approach to psychological screening—The Bexley-Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening and The Bexley-Maudsley Category Sorting Test.” ''International Journal of Man-Machine Studies'', ''17''(3): 361-369.</ref><ref>Nixon, S. J., Prather, R. A., & Lewis, B. (2014). Sex differences in alcohol-related neurobehavioral consequences. In Edith V. Sullivan and Adolf Pfefferbaum (Eds.), Alcohol and the nervous system (Handbook of clinical neurology, 3rd series (Vol. 125)). Oxford, United Kingdom, Elsevier, pp. 253-272.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Dimensional Change Card Sort<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/dimensional-change-card-sort-test/|title=Dimensional Change Card Sort Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Flanker Inhibitory Control & Attention<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/flanker-inhibitory-control-and-attention-test-age-12/|title=Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Oral Reading Recognition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/a-dummy-iq-test/|title=Oral Reading Recognition Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Pattern Comparison Processing Speed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/pattern-comparison-processing-speed/|title=Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Sequence Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-sequence-memory-test/|title=Picture Sequence Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Vocabulary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-vocabulary-test/|title=Picture Vocabulary Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12">McDonald, Skye (Ed.) (2014). Special series on the Cognition Battery of the NIH Toolbox. ''Journal of International Neuropsychological Society'', 20 (6), 487-651.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - List Sorting Working Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/test/|title=List Sorting Working Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |RAVLT Delayed Recall<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> |Neurocognition | |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |- |Rey Auditory Verbal Leanring Task (RAVLT) <ref name=":13">Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.S., & Spreen, O. (2006) A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford University Press. New York, New York. Third Edition.</ref><ref name=":14">Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012) Neuropsychological assessment. 5th Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, NY.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |Yes |No |- |Social Influence Task<ref>Knoll, L. J., Leung, J. T., Foulkes, L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2017). Age-related differences in social influence on risk perception depend on the direction of influence. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''60'', 53–63.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |Stanford Mental Arithmetic Response Time Evaluation (SMARTE)<ref>Starkey, G. S., & McCandliss, B. D. (2014). The emergence of “groupitizing” in children’s numerical cognition. ''Journal of experimental child psychology'', ''126'', 120–137.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Matrix Reasoning Task<ref>Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition Manual. San Antonio,TX, Pearson.</ref><ref>Daniel, M.H., Wahlstrom, D. & Zhang, O. (2014) Equivalence of Q-interactive® and Paper Administrations of Cognitive Tasks: WISC®–V: Q-Interactive Technical Report.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale<ref>Barkley RA (2010). Differential diagnosis of adults with ADHD: the role of executive function and self-regulation. ''J Clin Psychiatry'', 71(7), e17. doi: 10.4088/JCP.9066tx1c</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2011). ''Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS for adults)''. New York: Guilford Press.</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2012). ''Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale--Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA)'': Guilford Press.</ref> |Neurocognition |Questionnaire |Parent |No |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Breathalyzer|Alcohol Toxicology]] |Substance Use |Drug Toxicology |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Hair Drug Toxicology<ref name=":41">Wade, N. E., Tapert, S. F., Lisdahl, K. M., Huestis, M. A., & Haist, F. (2022). Substance use onset in high-risk 9-13 year-olds in the ABCD study. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 91, 107090.</ref><ref name=":42">Wade, N. E., Sullivan, R. M., Tapert, S. F., Pelham, W. E., 3rd, Huestis, M. A., Lisdahl, K. M., & Haist, F. (2023). Concordance between substance use self-report and hair analysis in community-based adolescents. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 49(1), 76-84.</ref> |Substance Use |Drug Toxicology |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes* |Yes |Yes* |Yes |No |- |Nicotine Toxicology<ref name=":4">''NicAlert | NYMOX''. (2024). Nymox.com. <nowiki>https://nymox.com/products/nicalert</nowiki> </ref><ref name=":38">''Alere iScreen Dip Card''. (2024). Globalpointofcare.abbott. <nowiki>https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/us/en/product-details/toxicology-iscreen.html</nowiki></ref><ref name=":39">''Reditest® Smoke Cassette | Test Devices | Redwood Toxicology Laboratory''. (2024). Redwoodtoxicology.com. <nowiki>https://www.redwoodtoxicology.com/devices/doa_redismoke</nowiki></ref><ref name=":40">''ReditestTM Smoke Cassette''. (2024). Toxicology.abbott. <nowiki>https://www.toxicology.abbott/us/en/products/reditest-smoke-cassette.html</nowiki></ref> |Substance Use |Drug Toxicology |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |No |- |Saliva Drug Toxicology |Substance Use |Drug Toxicology |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |No |- |Urine Drug Toxicology<ref name=":38" /> |Substance Use |Drug Toxicology |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |No |- |Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ-AB)<ref>Brown, S. A., Christiansen, B. A., & Goldman, M. S. (1987). The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. ''Journal of studies on alcohol'', ''48''(5), 483–491.</ref><ref>Greenbaum, P. E., Brown, E. C., & Friedman, R. M. (1995). Alcohol expectancies among adolescents with conduct disorder: prediction and mediation of drinking. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''20''(3), 321–333.</ref><ref>Stein, L. A., Katz, B., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Lebeau-Craven, R., & Monti, P. M. (2007). Validity and Reliability of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief. ''Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse'', ''16''(2), 115–127.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |Yes |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Alcohol Motives Questionnaire (PhenX)<ref>Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117−128.</ref><ref>Grant, V. V., Stewart, S. H., O’Connor, R. M., Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. J. (2007). Psychometric evaluation of the five-factor Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire–Revised in undergraduates. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''32''(11), 2611–2632.</ref><ref>Kuntsche, E., & Kuntsche, S. (2009). Development and validation of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF). Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, ''38''(6), 899–908.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |Cigarette Expectancies (ASCQ)<ref>Lewis-Esquerre, J. M., Rodrigue, J. R., & Kahler, C. W. (2005). Development and validation of an adolescent smoking Consequence questionnaire. ''Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco'', ''7''(1), 81–90.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Electronic Nictotine Delivery Systems Expectancies Questionnaire<ref>Pokhrel, P., Lam, T.H., Pagano, I., Kawamoto, C.T., & Herzog, T.A. (2018). YPokhrel, P., Lam, T. H., Pagano, I., Kawamoto, C. T., & Herzog, T. A. (2018). Young adult e-cigarette use outcome expectancies: Validity of a revised scale and a short scale. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''78'', 193–199.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Motives Inventory<ref>Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Division of Nutrition). (2016). Anthropometry Procedures Manual.</ref><ref name=":24">Piper, M. E., Piasecki, T. M., Federman, E. B., Bolt, D. M., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2004). A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, ''72''(2), 139–154.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire (MEEQ-B)<ref name=":21">Torrealday, O., Stein, L. A., Barnett, N., Golembeske, C., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., & Monti, P. M. (2008). Validation of the Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire-Brief. ''Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse'', ''17''(4), 1–17.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (PhenX)<ref>Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., Hendershot, C. S., & Grossbard, J. R. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive marijuana motives questionnaire. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, ''70''(2), 279–287.</ref><ref>Simons, J., Correia, C. J., Carey, K. B., & Borsari, B. E. (1998). Validating a five-factor marijuana motives measure: Relations with use, problems, and alcohol motives. Journal of Counseling Psychology, ''45''(3), 265.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |PATH Intention to Use Alcohol, Nicotine, and Marijuana Survey <ref>Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Merritt, R. K. (1996). Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, ''15''(5), 355–361.</ref><ref>Strong, D. R., Hartman, S. J., Nodora, J., Messer, K., James, L., White, M., Portnoy, D. B., Choiniere, C. J., Vullo, G. C., & Pierce, J. (2015). Predictive Validity of the Expanded Susceptibility to Smoke Index. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, ''17''(7), 862–869.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX Peer Group Deviance Survey<ref>Freedman, D., Thornton, A., Camburn, D., Alwin, D., & Young-demarco, L. (1988). The life history calendar: a technique for collecting retrospective data. Sociological methodology, ''18'', 37–68.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX Peer Tolerance of Use<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |- |PhenX Perceived Harm of Substance Use<ref name=":19">Johnston, Lloyd D.; O’Malley, P. M.; Bachman, J. G.; Schulenberg, J. E.. (2009). Monitoring the Future. National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2009. NIH Publication Number 10-7583</ref><ref name=":20">Miech, R. A.; Johnston, L. D.; O’Malley, P. M.; Bachman, J. G.; Schulenberg, J. E.. (2015). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2014. Volume 1, Secondary School Students. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research: The University of Michigan.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |Yes |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Reasons for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use<ref name=":24" /><ref>Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., & Yaeger, A. M. (2002). Moderators of the relation between substance use level and problems: test of a self-regulation model in middle adolescence. Journal of abnormal psychology, ''111''(1), 3–21.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |Tobacco Motives Inventory<ref>Smith, S. S., Piper, M. E., Bolt, D. M., Fiore, M. C., Wetter, D. W., Cinciripini, P. M., & Baker, T. B. (2010). Development of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives. ''Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco'', ''12''(5), 489–499.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |Vaping Expectancies<ref name=":21" /> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes |No |No |- |Vaping Motives<ref>Diez, S. L., Cristello, J. V., Dillon, F. R., De La Rosa, M., & Trucco, E. M. (2019). Validation of the electronic cigarette attitudes survey (ECAS) for youth. Addictive behaviors, ''91'', 216–221.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth |No |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |Yes* |No |- |Alcohol Hangover Symptoms (HSS)<ref>Slutske, W. S., Piasecki, T. M., & Hunt-Carter, E. E. (2003). Development and initial validation of the Hangover Symptoms Scale: prevalence and correlates of Hangover Symptoms in college students. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, ''27''(9), 1442–1450.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |Yes |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Alcohol Subjective Effects (SRE; PhenX)<ref>Schuckit, M. A., Smith, T. L., & Tipp, J. E. (1997). The Self-Rating of the Effects of alcohol (SRE) form as a retrospective measure of the risk for alcoholism. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''92''(8), 979–988.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS)<ref>Allsop, D. J., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J., Fu, S., & Budney, A. J. (2011). The Cannabis Withdrawal Scale development: patterns and predictors of cannabis withdrawal and distress. Drug and alcohol dependence, ''119''(1-2), 123–129.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |No |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Drug Problem Index (DAPI)<ref name=":23">Johnson, V., & White, H. R. (1989). An investigation of factors related to intoxicated driving behaviors among youth. Journal of studies on alcohol, ''50''(4), 320–330.</ref><ref>Caldwell, P. E. (2002). Drinking levels, related problems and readiness to change in a college sample. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, ''20''(2), 1-15.</ref><ref>Kingston, J., Clarke, S., Ritchie, T., & Remington, B. (2011). Developing and validating the “composite measure of problem behaviors”. Journal of clinical psychology, ''67''(7), 736–751.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |KSADS - Alcohol/Drug Use Disorder - Youth<ref name=":3" /> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Marijuana Problem Index (MAPI)<ref name=":23" /><ref>Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Marshall, E. C., & Leyro, T. M. (2007). Marijuana use motives: A confirmatory test and evaluation among young adult marijuana users. Addictive behaviors, ''32''(12), 3122–3130.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |Yes |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Marijuana Subjective Effects<ref>Agrawal, A., Madden, P. A., Bucholz, K. K., Heath, A. C., & Lynskey, M. T. (2014). Initial reactions to tobacco and cannabis smoking: a twin study. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''109''(4), 663–671.</ref><ref>Agrawal, A., Madden, P. A., Martin, N. G., & Lynskey, M. T. (2013). Do early experiences with cannabis vary in cigarette smokers?. ''Drug and alcohol dependence'', ''128''(3), 255–259.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Nicotine Dependence (PATH)<ref name=":22">Pomerleau, O. F., Pomerleau, C. S., & Namenek, R. J. (1998). Early experiences with tobacco among women smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''93''(4), 595–599.</ref><ref>Prokhorov, A. V., Pallonen, U. E., Fava, J. L., Ding, L., & Niaura, R. (1996). Measuring nicotine dependence among high-risk adolescent smokers. Addictive behaviors, ''21''(1), 117–127.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Nicotine Subjective Response<ref name=":22" /><ref>Rodriguez, D., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2004). Construct validity analysis of the early smoking experience questionnaire for adolescents. Addictive behaviors, ''29''(5), 1053–1057.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |[[Evidence-based assessment/Rx4DxTx of SubstanceUse|Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI)]]<ref>White, H. R., & Labouvie, E. W. (1989). Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. Journal of studies on alcohol, ''50''(1), 30–37.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |PhenX Community Risk and Protective Factors<ref name=":25">Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. Evaluation and program planning, ''30''(2), 197–211.</ref><ref name=":26">Trentacosta, C. J., Criss, M. M., Shaw, D. S., Lacourse, E., Hyde, L. W., & Dishion, T. J. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of joint trajectories of mother-son conflict and warmth during middle childhood and adolescence. Child development, ''82''(5), 1676–1690.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Youth |No |No |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Sibling Use<ref>Samek, D. R., Goodman, R. J., Riley, L., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2018). The Developmental Unfolding of Sibling Influences on Alcohol Use over Time. Journal of youth and adolescence, ''47''(2), 349–368.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Caffeine Intake Survey - Substance Use Interview <ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18">Jackson, K. M., Barnett, N. P., Colby, S. M., & Rogers, M. L. (2015). The prospective association between sipping alcohol by the sixth grade and later substance use. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, ''76''(2), 212–221.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |ISay II Q2 Sipping Items (sip) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Low Level Marijuana Use (puff/taste) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Low Level Tobacco Use (puff) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |No |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Participant Last Use Survey (PLUS) (Day 1/2/3/4) - Youth<ref name=":17">Lisdahl, K. M., Sher, K. J., Conway, K. P., Gonzalez, R., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Nixon, S. J., Tapert, S., Bartsch, H., Goldstein, R. Z., & Heitzeg, M. (2018). Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, ''32'', 80–96.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |Yes* |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Substance Use Phone Interview<ref name=":17" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |- |Timeline Follow-Back Survey<ref name=":17" /><ref>Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1996). Time Line Follow Back. User s Guide, Toronto. ''Addiction Research Foundation''.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |Yes* |No |- |Opportunity to Use Questionnaire |Substance Use | |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS - Alcohol/Drug Use Disorder - Parent<ref name=":3" /> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Household Substance Use, Density, Storage & Second-Hand Exposure<ref>Bartels, K., Mayes, L. M., Dingmann, C., Bullard, K. J., Hopfer, C. J., & Binswanger, I. A. (2016). Opioid Use and Storage Patterns by Patients after Hospital Discharge following Surgery. ''PloS one'', ''11''(1), e0147972.</ref><ref>Friese, B., Grube, J. W., & Moore, R. S. (2012). How parents of adolescents store and monitor alcohol in the home. ''The journal of primary prevention'', ''33''(2-3), 79–83.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Parent Rules Survey<ref>Dishion, T.J., Kavanagh, K., 2003. Intervening in Adolescent Problem Behavior: A Family-centered Approach. The Guilford Press, New York, NY.</ref><ref>Dishion, T. J., Nelson, S. E., & Kavanagh, K. (2003). The family check-up with high-risk young adolescents: Preventing early-onset substance use by parent monitoring. Behavior Therapy, ''34''(4), 553-571.</ref><ref name=":18" /><ref>Jackson, K. M., Roberts, M. E., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Abar, C. C., & Merrill, J. E. (2014). Willingness to drink as a function of peer offers and peer norms in early adolescence. ''Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs'', ''75''(3), 404–414.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX Community Risk and Protective Factors<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26" /> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Participant Last Use Survey (PLUS) (Day 1/2/3/4) - Parent<ref name=":17" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Wills Problem Solving Scale<ref>Wills, T. A., Ainette, M. G., Stoolmiller, M., Gibbons, F. X., & Shinar, O. (2008). Good self-control as a buffering agent for adolescent substance use: an investigation in early adolescence with time-varying covariates. ''Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors'', ''22''(4), 459–471.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Cognition |Youth |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |Perceived Discrimination Scale<ref>Garnett, B. R., Masyn, K. E., Austin, S. B., Miller, M., Williams, D. R., & Viswanath, K. (2014). The intersectionality of discrimination attributes and bullying among youth: an applied latent class analysis. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(8), 1225–1239.</ref><ref>Phinney, J. S., Madden, T., & Santos, L. J. (1998). Psychological variables as predictors of perceived ethnic discrimination among minority and immigrant adolescents. ''Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28''(11), 937–953</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |PhenX Neighborhood Safety/Crime Survey - Youth<ref name=":33">Mujahid, M. S., Diez Roux, A. V., Morenoff, J. D., & Raghunathan, T. (2007). Assessing the measurement properties of neighborhood scales: from psychometrics to ecometrics. ''American journal of epidemiology'', ''165''(8), 858–867.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |No |- |Mexican American Cultural Values Scale - Youth<ref>Knight, G.P., Gonzales, N.A., Saenz, D.S., Bonds, D.D., German, M., Deardorff, J., Roosav, M.W., Updegraff, K.A., 2010. The Mexican American cultural values scale for adolescents and adults. J. Early Adolesc. 30 (3), 444–481.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Multi-Group Ethnic Identity - Revised - Youth<ref name=":36">Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, ''54''(3), 271-281.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |No |- |Native American Acculturation Survey - Youth<ref name=":37">Garrett MT, Pichette EF. Red as an apple: Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. Journal of Counseling and Development. 2000;78:3–13. </ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |No |Yes* |No |- |PhenX Acculturation Survey - Youth<ref name=":28">Alegria, M., Takeuchi, D., Canino, G., Duan, N., Shrout, P., Meng, X.-L., Gong, F., et al. (2004). Considering context, place, and culture: the national Latino and Asian American study. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 13 (4), 208–22.</ref><ref name=":29">Marin, G., F. Sabogal, B. V. Marin, R. Otero-Sabogal and E. J. Perez-Stable (1987). “Development of a Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9(2): 183-205.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |No |- |Vancouver Index of Acculturation - Youth<ref name=":35">Ryder, A.G., Alden, L.E., Paulhus, D.L., 2000. Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 79 (1), 49–65.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- |Pet Ownership<ref>Purweal, R., Christley, R., Kordas, K., Joinson, C., Meints, K., Gee, N., & Westgarth, C. (2017). Companion animals and child/adolescent development: A systematic review of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 234-259.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |PhenX [[wikipedia:Family_Environment_Scale|Family Environment Scale]] - Family Conflict - Youth<ref name=":32">Moos, R.H., Moos, B.S. (1994). Family Environment Scale Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Acceptance Subscale from Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) - Short<ref>Schaefer, E.S., 1965. A configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. J. Consult. Psychol. 29, 552–557.</ref><ref>Schludermann, E. H., & Schludermann, S. M. (1988). Children’s Report on Parent Behavior (CRPBI-108, CRPBI-30) for older children and adolescents. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: University of Manitoba.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child development, 65(4), 1120-1136.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (1997). Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighborhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(2), 287-315</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale<ref>Dubowitz, H., Villodas, M. T., Litrownik, A. J., Pitts, S. C., Hussey, J. M., Thompson, R., … & Runyan, D. (2011). Psychometric properties of a youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(6), 414-424.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |Yes |No |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref>Chilcoat, H. D., & Anthony, J. C. (1996). Impact of parent monitoring on initiation of drug use through late childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''35''(1), 91–100.</ref><ref name=":30">Karoly, H. C., Callahan, T., Schmiege, S. J., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2015). Evaluating the Hispanic Paradox in the context of adolescent risky sexual behavior: the role of parent monitoring. Journal of pediatric psychology, 41(4), 429-440.</ref><ref name=":31">Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Child development, ''71''(4), 1072–1085.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Peer Behavior Profile: Prosocial Peer Involvement & Delinquent Peer Involvement<ref>Bingham, C. R., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Zucker, R. A. (1995). Peer Behavior Profile/Peer Activities Questionnaire. Unpublished questionnaire. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University. East Lansing.</ref><ref>Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</ref><ref>Jessor, R., & Jessor, S.L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, Academic Press.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Peer Network Health: Protective Scale<ref>Mason, M., Light, J., Campbell, L., Keyser-Marcus, L., Crewe, S., Way, T., Saunders, H., King, L., Zaharakis, N.M., & McHenry, C. (2015). Peer network counseling with urban adolescents: A randomized controlled trial with moderate substance users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 58, 16-24.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resistance to Peer Influence Scale/Questionnaire<ref>Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. ''Developmental psychology'', ''43''(6), 1531–1543.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |No |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX School Risk & Protective Factors Survey<ref>Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. ''Evaluation and program planning'', ''30''(2), 197–211.</ref><ref>Hamilton, C. M., Strader, L. C., Pratt, J. G., Maiese, D., Hendershot, T., Kwok, R. K., Hammond, J. A., Huggins, W., Jackman, D., Pan, H., Nettles, D. S., Beaty, T. H., Farrer, L. A., Kraft, P., Marazita, M. L., Ordovas, J. M., Pato, C. N., Spitz, M. R., Wagener, D., Williams, M., … Haines, J. (2011). The PhenX Toolkit: get the most from your measures. American journal of epidemiology, ''174''(3), 253–260.</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34">Zucker RA, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Paulus MP, Arroyo J, Fuligni A, Morris AS, Sanchez M, Wills T. Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:107-120</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Youth<ref name=":27">Goodman, R., Meltzer, H., Bailey, V., 1998. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 7(3), 125–130.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/ |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Activity Space |Culture & Environment | |Youth |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Community Cohesion (PhenX)<ref>National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Community Survey 1994-1995.</ref><ref>PhenX Protocol - Neighborhood Collective Efficacy - Community Cohesion and Informal Social Control.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent |No |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |PhenX Neighborhood Safety/Crime Survey - Parent<ref>Echeverria, S. E., Diez-Roux, A. V., et al. (2004) Reliability of self-reported neighborhood characteristics. J Urban Health 81(4): 682-701.</ref><ref name=":33" /> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |No |No |- |Mexican American Cultural Values Scale<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Survey<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Native American Acculturation Scale<ref name=":37" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |Yes |No |No |No |No |No |No |No |- |PhenX Acculturation Survey - Parent<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":29" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |No |- |Vancouver Index of Acculturation - Parent<ref name=":35" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |Yes |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |PhenX Family Environment Scale - Family Conflict - Parent<ref name=":32" /><ref>Sanford, K., Bingham, C.R., & Zucker, R.A. (1999). Validity Issues with the Family Environment Scale: Psychometric Resolution and Research Application with Alcoholic Families. Psychological Assessment, 11(3),315‑325.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":31" /> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Parent |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34" /> |Culture & Environment |School |Parent |No |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Parent<ref name=":27" /> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/Personality |Parent |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |HOME Short Form Cognitive Stimulation<ref>Bailey, C.T. & Boykin, A.W. (2001). The role of task variability and home contextual factors in the academic performance and task motivation of African American elementary school children. ''The Journal of Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 84-95. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696285</nowiki></ref><ref>Boykin, A.W. & Cunningham, R.T. The effects of movement expressiveness in story content and learning context on the analogical reasoning performance of African American Children. ''Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 72-83. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696284</nowiki></ref><ref>Zaslow, M. J., Weinfield, N. S., Gallagher, M., Hair, E. C., Ogawa, J. R., Egeland, B., ... & De Temple, J. M. (2006). Longitudinal prediction of child outcomes from differing measures of parenting in a low-income sample. ''Developmental Psychology'', ''42''(1), 27-37. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.27</nowiki></ref> |Culture & Environment | |Parent |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |No |- |Driving |Culture & Environment | |Parent |No |No |No |No |No |No |Yes |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Physical Activity (Daily) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Physical Activity (Weekly) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Sleep (Daily) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Sleep (Weekly) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |EARS - Device Usage Statistics (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |EARS - Device Usage Statistics |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |EARS - Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |EARS/Vibrent - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Screen Time Questionnaire |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |- |Vibrent - Device Usage Statistics (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |EARS - Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |EARS - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Parent Screen Time Questionnaire |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |No |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |School Records |Other |School Records |Other |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Imaging Data !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Baseline !1-Year Follow-up !2-Year Follow-up !3-Year Follow-up !4-Year Follow-up !5-Year Follow-up !6-Year Follow-up !Mid-Year Follow-up |- |MRI Info |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Pre/Post-Scan Questionnaires |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Scanning Checklist and Notes |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Atlas Track) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Hindered Normalized Total - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Restricted Normalized Total - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Correlations (Gordon Network to Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Correlations (Gordon Network) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Gordon) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Cortical Thickness (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Cortical Thickness (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Cortical Thickness (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Sulcal Depth (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Sulcal Depth (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Sulcal Depth (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Surface Area (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Surface Area (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Surface Area (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Volume (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref name=":43">Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, Hommer D (2000) FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. NeuroImage 12: 20–27.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Behavioral Performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Post-Scan Questionnaire |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Recognition memory behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44">Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |0-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |0-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |0-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":52">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":53">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":54">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref name=":45">Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Face vs. place (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Face vs. place (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Face vs. place (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Place (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Place (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Place (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46">Logan GD (1994) On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A users’ guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language: 189-239. San Diego: Academic Press</ref> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Automatic - Post-processing |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |MRI Clinical Report/FIndings |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Manual - Freesurfer |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Manual - Post-processing - Diffusion MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Manual - Post-processing - Functional MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Manual - Post-processing - Structural MRI - T2w |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Motion |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Diffusion MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Event |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Resting State fMRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Structural MRI - T1 |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Structural MRI - T2 |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Task fMRI - All |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Task fMRI - MID |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Task fMRI - N-Back |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Raw - Task fMRI - SST |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |- |Recommended Image Inclusion |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |Yes |No |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Linked Data !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Data Collection Information !Associated Date |- |Geocoding from Residential History |Linked Data |Administrative |Other |Collected at yearly follow-ups from baseline. |Yearly follow-ups. |- |Satellite-based NO2 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |Residential history derived avg/max of NO2 in 2016 at residential address at 1x1km2 |2016 |- |Satellite-based O3 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |Residential history derived avg/max of O3 in 2016 at residential address at 1x1km2 |2016 |- |Satellite-based PM2.5 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |Residential history derived avg/max of PM2.5 in 2016 at residential address at 1x1km2 |2016 |- |Satellite-based Particulate Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |Residential history-derived annual average of Br, Ca, Cu, C, Fe, K, NH4+, Ni, NO3-, Pb, Si, SO2-4, V, Zn in ng/m^3 at 50m. | |- |Satellite-based Pollution Measures for Prenatal Addresses |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |9 month average of PM2.5, NO2, O3 exposure at current address #1 of birth year. | |- |Neighborhood SES and Demographics |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |Residential history derived demographic information, ACS 2013-2017, census tract; NaNDA. | |- |Parks |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |Residential history derived information on park type and number by county and census tract; NaNDA. | |- |Performing Arts and Sports Recreation Orgs |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |Residential history derived information on performing arts and sports recreation orgs by county and census tract; NaNDA. | |- |Religious/Civic Organizations |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |Residential history derived information on number of religious, civic, and social informations by county and census tract; NaNDA. | |- |Social Service |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |Residential history derived information on the number of social services by county and census tract; NaNDA. | |- |Building Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |Residential history derived gross residential density. | |- |Crime |Linked Data |Built Environment |ICPSR |Residential history derived uniform crime reports by type of crime. | |- |Lead Risk |Linked Data |Built Environment |Vox |Percentage of individuals below -125 percent of poverty level, estimated percentage of homes at risk for lead-based paint exposure, and estimated lead risk in census tract. | |- |Population Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |Residential history derived UN adjusted population density. | |- |Road Proximity |Linked Data |Built Environment |Kalibrate |Residential history derived proximity to major roads. | |- |Traffic Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |Kalibrate |Average annual daily traffic counts at current address. | |- |Urban/Rural Area |Linked Data |Built Environment |Census |Census Tract Urban Classification at current address. | |- |Vehicle Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |ACS |Residential history derived aggregate number of vehicles per individual and sq. mile of land area. | |- |Walkability |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |Residential history derived national walkability index. | |- |Behavioral Health Measures |Linked Data |Community Health Burden |PLACES |Residential history derived health markers (measured via prevalence) among adults. | |- |Elevation of Address |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |Google API |Residential history derived elevation. | |- |Estimates of Environmental Noise |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |Harvard |Residential history derived anthropogenic and total sound level. | |- |Selected EJScreen Measures |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |EJScreen |Residential history derived NATA air toxics cancer risk, respiratory hazard index, Diesel PM in micrograms of PM2.5 per cubic meter in air. | |- |Temperature Estimates |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |PRISM |Residential history derived maximum temperature in degrees C at participant's residence at 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 days prior to date of study visit (t-5 to t-0). | |- |VPD Estimates |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |PRISM |Residential history derived maximum vapor pressure deficit in hPa at participant's address at 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 days prior to date of study visit (t-6 to t-0). | |- |Land-use Measures |Linked Data |Natural Space & Satellite |NLT |Built-up/cropland/grass land use, normalized difference built-up/vegetation/water index, night light radiance, population density, water area. |2017 |- |Measure of Land Cover and Tree Canopy |Linked Data |Natural Space & Satellite |NLCD |Residential history derived data on what percentage of the census tract is classified as developed (open and high/med/low intensity), barren land, forest (type specified), shrub/scrub, herbaceous, pasture, cultivated crop, wetland, tree canopy. |2016 |- |Alcohol Outlet Density |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Census 2016 |Estimate of alcohol outlet density from ZIP Code Business Patterns |2016 |- |Anomie/Disenfranchisement/Social Capital |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Census Return |Residential history derived mail return rate for the 2010 census and self-response rate for the 2014-2018 ACD per census tract. |2010, 2016-2018 |- |Number of Jobs and Job Density |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |LODES |Residential history derived total number of jobs, number of jobs by race and ethnicity, job density per sq. mile of land area by race and ethnicity | |- |Opportunity Zones and Investment Scores (OZ) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Other |Residential history derived opportunity zone designation and investment score. | |- |Rent and Mortgage Statistics |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |ACS |Residential history derived percent homeownership, median house value, percent rent burden, median rent per month. |2014-2018 |- |Social Mobility |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Opportunity Atlas |Residential history derived opportunity atlas mean outcome and household income rank for children based on parent income (percentile of the national income distribution). |2014-2015 |- |Area Deprivation Index (ADI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |Residential history derived area deprivation index measured by income, education, occupation, rent/mortgage, crowding, amenity access, and car/phone ownership. | |- |Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |Child Opportunity Levels across education, health/environment, and social/economic domains (normed based on national, state, and metro area data). ''Education domain'': AP course enrollment, adult educational attainment, college enrollment, early childhood education centers/enrollment, high school graduation rate, third grade math/reading proficiency, school poverty, teacher experience. ''Health and Environment domain'': access to healthy food, green space, extreme heat exposure, health insurance coverage, ozone concentration, airborne microparticles, housing vacancy rate, walkability, hazardous waste dump sites, industrial pollutant exposure. ''Social and Economic domain'': poverty rate, public assistance rate, homeownership rate, high-skill employment, median household income, employment rate, commute, single-headed households. | |- |Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |Residential history derived demographic makeup of population (race/ethnicity/language), access to healthcare services, health insurance, computer/internet access. | |- |Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |CDC |Residential history derived census tract CDC SVI (total and percentile data based on demographic factors). |2014-2018 (5 year average). |- |Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |KFF |Was ACA expansion effective at date of baseline visit? |Baseline visit |- |CDC Opioid Prescription Dispensing Data per 100k Residents |Linked Data |Policy Vars |CDC |Residential history derived opioid prescription per 100K by state at baseline visit year, and 1-5 years before baseline visit year. |0-5 years before baseline visit year. |- |Cannabis Legalizations Categories by State |Linked Data |Policy Vars |NCSL and MPP |Marijuana state law during the same year as the assessment | |- |Gender Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |State-level indicators of sexism from survey and implicit bias measures, and of sexual orientation from structural variables. | |- |Immigration Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |State-level indictors of immigrant bias from survey and implicit bias measures and state-level structural variables. | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Co-prescribing Naloxone Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |Was any state co-prescribing nalaxone policy effective for all patients at the date of the baseline visit? |Baseline visit |- |OPTIC-Vetted Good Samaritan Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |Was any type of Good Samaritan law, specifically one providing protection from arrest or controlled substance possession, effective at the date of the baseline visit? |Baseline visit |- |OPTIC-Vetted Medical Marijuana Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |Residential history derived information on medical marijuana laws, recreational marijuana laws, dispensary legality, rec stores, and high CBD/low THC laws. |Baseline visit |- |OPTIC-Vetted Naloxone Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |Residential history derived data on Naloxone laws, including the presence of any Naloxone laws, legality of distribution through a standing or protocol order, and the legality of pharmacists prescribing Naloxone. |Baseline visit |- |OPTIC-Vetted Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Policy Data (PDMP) |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |Residential history derived information on the presence of legislation requiring prescribers to access PDMP before prescribing, PDMP enabling legislation, and accessible "modern PDMP systems" at the date of baseline visit. |Baseline visit |- |Race Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |State level indicators of racism from survey and implicit bias measures and state-level structural variables. | |- |Dissimilarity Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |Residential history derived Black-White, Asian-White, Hispanic-White, and NonWhite-White metro-level dissimilarity indexes. |2014-2018 |- |Exposure/Interaction Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |Residential history derived Black-White, Asian-White, Hispanic-White, and NonWhite-White exposure/interaction indexes. |2014-2018 |- |Getis-Ord GI* Statistics |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ICPSR |Residential history derived local GI* statistics (White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic rook and queen neighborhood tracts). | |- |Index of Concentration at the Extremes |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |Residential history derived index of concentration at the extremes. ''Income:'' (Households with an income of ≥ $100k - Households with an income of ≤ $25k)/total population. ''Income + Race:'' (Non-Hispanic white households with an income of ≥ $100k - Non-Hispanic Black households with an income of ≤ $25k)/total population. |2014-2018 |- |Multi-Group Entropy Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |Residential history derived multigroup entropy score (census tract/metro level) and index. |2014-2018 |- |County |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |County-level statistics for school segregation and relative diversity, median income, BAPLUS rate, racial and ethnic make up, % of ELL students, % students receiving free and reduced lunch, poverty rate, % of rural/suburban/town/urban schools, single mother HH rate, SNAP reciept rate, total enrollment (grades 3-8), and unemployment rate. |2005-2009 and 2014-2018 averages |- |District |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |Geo District-level statistics for BAAND rate, highest/lowest grade offered in district, school segregation and relative diversity, racial and ethnic make up, % ELL students, % students receiving free and reduced lunch, poverty rate, % of Special Ed students, SES composite, single mother HH rate, SNAP receipt rate, % of rural/suburban/town/urban schools, district enrollment (grades 3-8), and unemployment rate. |2005-2009 and 2014-2018 averages |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |Metro area-level statistics for BAAND rate, school segregation and relative diversity, median income, county change between 2009 and 2013, racial and ethnic make up, % student receiving free and reduced lunch, % ECD in the metro, poverty rate, % of rural/suburban/town/urban schools, SES composite, single mother HH rate, SNAP receipt rate, total enrollment (grades 3-8), and unemployment rate. Information on if the metro area has data in the ACS and CCD. Metropolitan and micropolitan area definitions. |2005-2009 and 2014-2018 averages |- |School |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA | | |- |School |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Substudy - Measures by Wave !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Baseline !1-Year Follow-up !2-Year Follow-up !3-Year Follow-up !4-Year Follow-up !5-Year Follow-up !6-Year Follow-up !Mid-Year Follow-up |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Physical Activity (Daily) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Physical Activity (Weekly) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Post-Assessment Survey |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Sleep (Daily) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Sleep (Weekly) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Questionnaire |COVID-19 |COVID |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Endocannabinoid Substudy |Endocannabinoid |SU Consequence |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Hurricane Irma Experiences |Hurricane Irma |Questionnaire |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Reported Delinquency<ref name=":8">Elliott DS, Ageton SS, Huizinga D, Knowles BA, Canter RJ. ''The prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior: 1976–1980 (National Youth Survey Report No. 26)'' Behavioral Research Institute; Boulder, CO: 1983.</ref> |Social Development |Delinquency |Youth |No |Yes |Yes |Yes |No |No |No |No |- |Difficulties in Emotion Regulation |Social Development |Emotion |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Firearms (YRBSS) |Social Development |Firearm Storage |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Alabama Parenting Questionnaire |Social Development |Parenting |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Peer Behavior |Social Development |Peers |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Personality Disposition |Social Development |Temperament/Personality |Youth | | | | | | | | |- |Victimization |Social Development |Victimization |Youth | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Questionnaire |COVID-19 |COVID |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Hurricane Irma Experiences |Hurricane Irma |Questionnaire |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Visit Type |Social Development |Administrative |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Perception of Neighborhood Scale |Social Development |Community |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Reported Delinquency |Social Development |Delinquency |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Difficulties in Emotion Regulation |Social Development |Emotion |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Firearms (BRFSS) |Social Development |Firearm Storage |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Alabama Parenting Questionnaire |Social Development |Parenting |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Personality Disposition |Social Development |Temperament/Personality |Parent | | | | | | | | |- |Victimization |Social Development |Victimization |Parent | | | | | | | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Substudy - Linked Data !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Data Collection Information !Associated Date |- |Administrative Information |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |Youth |Percentage of time spent as address 1-5. | |- |CDC Policy Surveilance |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |CDC |Policies and dates of policy changes for general gathering bans, stay at home orders, public masking orders, bar operation, and restaurant operation due to COVID. | |- |Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Prevalence |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |JHU |County-level data collected 0-6 days before questionnaire dissemination date: * Cumulative case count * Population-normed cumulative case count (per 100k) * New case count * Population-normed new case count (per 100k) * Population-normed new case count (per 100k; 7-day rolling mean) * Cumulative death count * Population-normed cumulative death count (per 100k) * New death count * Population-normed new death count (per 100k) * Population-normed new death count (per 100k; 7-day rolling mean) |COVID-19 questionnaire dissemination date |- |SafeGraph Social Distancing Metrics |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |SafeGraph |SafeGraph Device data collected by census block 0-6 days before questionnaire dissemination date: * Median distance traveled from home (meters) * Median distance traveled from home 1 year prior (meters) * Dwell time (minutes) * Dwell time 1 year prior (minutes) * Completely at home ratio * Completely at home ratio 1 year prior * Exhibiting full-time work behavior * Exhibiting full-time work behavior 1 year prior * Exhibiting part-time work behavior * Exhibiting part-time work behavior 1 year prior |COVID-19 questionnaire dissemination data |- |US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and Census Data |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |BLS/Census |Monthly unemployment rate (not seasonally adjusted), monthly unemployment rate 1 year prior (not seasonally adjusted) | |} == Notes - Measures by Wave == ====== Physical Health ====== * All measures in the ABCD protocol were revised to eliminate the use of binary gender classifications in the fall of 2020 * It needs to be clarified whether the COVID-19 Annual Form (Physical Health) and the COVID-19 Questionnaire (COVID-19 Substudy) are the same. ====== Brain Imaging ====== * "Yes/No" for imaging timepoints should be double-checked as PDFs of measures by wave broadly indicated that all brain imaging tests were done at every other yearly follow-up, but the specific tests that populate the rows of the table were taken from the online data dictionary where no information about the frequency of data collection was given. ====== Biospecimens ====== * In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABCD study pivoted to remote testing in March of 2020. This affected the 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-up assessments. The switch to remote testing did not allow for the collection of biospecimens. * From NIMH Data Archive ** Genomic data (short name: genomics_sample03) was collected from the following sources and was reported in ABCD Releases 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0. This data needs to be reconciled with that reported in the protocol by wave, which reported collection of DNA via oral fluids at baseline and DNA via blood every other year starting at baseline. *** Whole blood; saliva, brain; urine; serum; plasma; CSF; IPS; Fibroblast; Neuronal Progenitor; skin biopsy; temporal cortex; lymphoblastoid cell line; semen; frontal cortex; parietal cortex; basal ganglia; placenta; hair; occipital visual cortex; cerebellum; spleen; stool; muscle; kidney; liver; heart; cord blood; nasal swab; DNA; RNA; breastmilk; buccal swab; oral cells; rectal swab; cervicovaginal swab ====== Mental Health ====== * Variables for the following diagnoses, obtained using the KSADS, are present in the data: Adjustment Disorder, Agoraphobia, Alcohol Use Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Depressive Disorders, Drug Use Disorders, Eating Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Psychosis, Selective Mutism, Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Suicidality * A switch was made to the KSADS 2.0 at the 3-year follow-up. This version introduced several changes ** New diagnostic categories: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. ** Branching algorithm to streamline supplement items. ** Additional questions on the end of supplements that determine episode classifications. ** Medication information, corresponding with diagnosis. ** A more rigorous probe for hallucinations that requires hallucinatory-like experiences to occur during daily activity. ** Moved paranoid ideation questions from the psychotic disorders screen to the supplement to minimize false positives. ** Moved item about hypersexuality in the Bipolar Disorder screen to the supplement to minimize false positives. ** A screen item pertaining to the duration of OCD-like symptoms was added, the obsessive thoughts about sex item was removed from the screen, and the phrasing of the initial OCD probe item was changed to minimize false positives. ** Back button added. *Need clarification about whether there is any overlap between the following: Adult Self-Report Survey, ASEBA Adult Self-Report (psychopathology), ASEBA Adult Behavior Checklist *It needs to be clarified whether the "Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale" from the parent-report mental health section of the core study is the same as the "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation" from the emotion subsection of the social development substudy. ====== Neurocognition ====== * The Flanker Task was included under the NIH Toolbox on the PDFs of Measures by Wave but was listed as a separate cognitive task in the data dictionary. * The RAVLT Delayed Recall task was listed as distinct in the PDFs of Measures by Wave, but not in the online data dictionary. ====== Substance Use ====== * Between March of 2020 and December of 2021 remote and hybrid testing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic required participants to complete some measures on their own devices. Remote performance was monitored via Zoom by research associates when feasible, and youth were asked to find private places to complete substance use measures, but this was not always possible. This reduction in privacy may affect responses. * Discrepancies in when substance use measures were given to youth exist between the ABCD Study release notes and the ABCD Protocol by Wave fact sheets ** Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ-AB) *** Release notes: Annually from baseline to 3-year follow-up. Expected future assessment at 5-year and 7-year follow ups. *** Protocol by wave: Annually from 1-year follow-up. (protocol by wave is correct) ** Marijuana Expectancies (MEEQ-B) *** Release notes: Annually from baseline to 3-year follow-up. Expected future assessments in 5-year and 7-year follow-ups. *** Protocol by wave: Annually from 1-year follow-up. 1-3 year follow up, something weird with 4-year follow-up ** Vaping Motives *** Release notes: 2-year and 4-year follow-ups. Expected future assessment at 6-year follow-up. *** Protocol by wave: 4- and 6-year follow-ups. (protocol by wave is correct just 3 and 4 year follow ups) ** PhenX Peer Tolerance of Substance Use *** Release notes: Administered annually baseline through 4-year follow-up. *** Protocol by wave: Administered annually 1-year follow-up through 5-year follow-up. (1/2/3/4 follow up) ** Cigarette Expectancies (ASCQ) (1/2/3/4) *** Release notes: Baseline through 3-year follow-up, expected future assessments at 5-year and 7-year follow-up. *** Protocol by wave: Annually since 1-year follow-up **Community Risk and Protective Factors (Parent) (baseline/1/2/3/4) ***Release notes: Annually since 2-year follow-up ***Protocol by wave: Annually since baseline. **Substance Use Density, Storage, and Exposure (Parent) (2/3/4) ***Release notes: Annually since baseline ***Protocol by wave: Annually since 2-year follow-up. ====== Culture & Environment ====== * Discrepancies in culture & environment measures between the ABCD study release notes and the ABCD protocol by wave fact sheets: ** Pet Ownership (3/4) *** Release notes: 3-year follow-up and 4-year follow-up. *** Protocol by wave: 3-year follow-up only. ** School Attendance of Youth & Grades (2/3) *** Release notes: 2- and 3-year follow-up. *** Protocol by wave: 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-year follow up. ** Parental Monitoring Survey (parent) (4) *** Release notes: 4-year follow-up *** Protocol by wave: 5-year follow-up ====== Core - Linked Data ====== * All information about linked data was taken from the [https://data-dict.abcdstudy.org/? ABCD online Data Dictionary] ** Source and measure abbreviation were noted the same way, making it hard to differentiate between the two as no definitions were given. All sources should be checked. *In "Lead Risk" the online data dictionary noted that information on the "Percentage of individuals below -125 percent of poverty level" was taken. This number should be double checked for accuracy. *All data collected through derived residential history contains variables for primary, secondary, and tertiary residential addresses. ====== Substudy - Linked Data ====== * All information about linked data was taken from the [https://data-dict.abcdstudy.org/? ABCD online Data Dictionary] * All data contains variables for addresses 1-5. * For the Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Prevalence linked dataset and the SafeGraph Social Distancing Metrics dataset, it was not clear which questionnaire the variable labels were referring to when stating that geocoded data was collected "0-6 days before from questionnaire dissemination date." It may be assumed that this is in reference to the COVID-19 questionnaire, which was administered at unspecified follow-ups through the COVID-19 substudy. == Coding Information == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Coding Information ''*Imaging data displayed separately below'' !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Table Name (Current) !Table Name (NDA 4.0) !Subscale Information !SAS Code !SPSS Code !R Code |- |Longitudinal Tracking |General Information |Administrative |Youth |abct_y_lt |general; acspsw03; abcd_lt01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Latent Factors |General Information |Demographics |Youth |abcd_y_lf |abcd_sss01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Occupation Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |abcd_p_ocp |abcd_occsp01 | | | | |- |PhenX Demographics Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |abcd_p_demo |abcd_lpds01; acspsw03; pdem02 | | | | |- |Screener (Study Eligibility) |General Information |Administrative |Parent |abcd_p_screen |abcd_screen01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Blood - BASO, EOS, Hemoglobin, MCV, PLT/WBC/RBC counts, Immature Gran, Lymph, MCH, MCHC, MONO, MPV, NEUT, NRBC, RDW, Cholesterol, Burr Cells, Poikilocytosis, Hematocrit |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |ph_y_bld |abcd_ybd01 | | | | |- |Blood (DNA) |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth | | | | | | |- |Oral Fluids (pubertal hormones)<ref>Dolsen, E. A., Deardorff, J., & Harvey, A. G. (2019). Salivary Pubertal Hormones, Sleep Disturbance, and an Evening Circadian Preference in Adolescents: Risk Across Health Domains. ''The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine'', ''64''(4), 523–529.</ref> |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth |ph_y_sal_horm |abcd_hsss01; sph01 | | | | |- |Oral Fluids (DNA) |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Youth | | | | | | |- |[[COVID-19]] Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Youth |ph_y_covid |N/A | | | | |- |[[Blood pressure (OSCE)|Blood Pressure]] |Physical Health |Examination |Youth |ph_y_bp |abcd_bp01 | | | | |- |PhenX Anthropometrics (height/weight/waist measurements)<ref>Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Division of Nutrition). (2016). Anthropometry Procedures Manual.</ref> |Physical Health |Examination |Youth |ph_y_anthro |abcd_ant01 | | | | |- |Pain Questionnaire<ref>Luntamo, T., Sourander, A., Santalahti, P., Aromaa, M., & Helenius, H. (2012). Prevalence changes of pain, sleep problems and fatigue among 8-year-old children: years 1989, 1999, and 2005. ''Journal of pediatric psychology'', ''37''(3), 307–318.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |ph_y_pq |abcd_pq01 | | | | |- |Respiratory Functioning<ref>Gillman, M. W., & Blaisdell, C. J. (2018). Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, a Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. ''Current opinion in pediatrics'', ''30''(2), 260–262.</ref><ref>Asher, M. I., Keil, U., Anderson, H. R., Beasley, R., Crane, J., Martinez, F., Mitchell, E. A., Pearce, N., Sibbald, B., & Stewart, A. W. (1995). International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. ''The European respiratory journal'', ''8''(3), 483–491.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |ph_y_resp |N/A | | | | |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Youth<ref name=":1">Hunsberger, M., O’Malley, J., Block, T., & Norris, J. C. (2015). Relative validation of Block Kids Food Screener for dietary assessment in children and adolescents. ''Maternal & child nutrition'', ''11''(2), 260–270.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Youth |ph_y_bkfs |N/A | | | | |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire - Youth |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |ph_y_saiq |sports_activ_read_music01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Youth_Risk_Behavior_Surveillance_System|Youth Risk Behavior Survey]] - Exercise |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |ph_y_yrb |abcd_yrb01 | | | | |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Youth<ref name=":0">Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988). A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. ''Journal of youth and adolescence'', ''17''(2), 117–133.</ref> |Physical Health |Puberty |Youth |ph_y_pds |abcd_ssphy01; abcd_ypdms01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Munich_Chronotype_Questionnaire|Munich ChronoType Questionnaire]] (sleep)<ref>Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C., Beersma, D. G., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005). Comparison of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Ostberg’s Morningness-Eveningness Score. ''Chronobiology international'', ''22''(2), 267–278.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Youth |ph_y_mctq |abcd_mcqc01 | | | | |- |Medications |Physical Health |Medications |Youth | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Baby Teeth (substance and environmental toxin exposure)<ref>Cassidy-Bushrow, A. E., Wu, K. H., Sitarik, A. R., Park, S. K., Bielak, L. F., Austin, C., Gennings, C., Curtin, P., Johnson, C. C., & Arora, M. (2019). In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort. ''Environmental research'', ''171'', 444–451.</ref> |Physical Health |Biospecimens |Parent |ph_p_teeth |bteeth01 | | | | |- |COVID-19 Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Parent |ph_p_covid |N/A | | | | |- |Breast Feeding Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |ph_p_bfq |breast_feeding01 | | | | |- |Developmental History Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref><ref>Merikangas, K. R., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Koretz, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): I. Background and measures. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 367–379.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |ph_p_dhx |abcd_devhxss01; dhx01 | | | | |- |Medical History Questionnaire<ref>Todd, R. D., Joyner, C. A., Heath, A. C., Neuman, R. J., & Reich, W. (2003). Reliability and stability of a semistructured DSM-IV interview designed for family studies. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''42''(12), 1460–1468.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |ph_p_mhx |abcd_lpmh01; abcd_lssmh01; abcd_medhxss01; abcd_mx01 | | | | |- |Ohio State [[wikipedia:Traumatic_brain_injury|TBI]] Screen - Short<ref>Bogner, J. A., Whiteneck, G. G., MacDonald, J., Juengst, S. B., Brown, A. W., Philippus, A. M., Marwitz, J. H., Lengenfelder, J., Mellick, D., Arenth, P., & Corrigan, J. D. (2017). Test-Retest Reliability of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Measures: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. ''The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation'', ''32''(5), E1–E16. </ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |ph_p_otbi |abcd_lpohstbi01; abcd_lsstbi01; abcd_otbi01; abcd_tbi01 | | | | |- |PhenX Medications Survey (Medications Inventory) |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |ph_p_meds |medsy01 | | | | |- |Child Nutrition Assessment<ref>Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. ''Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association'', ''11''(9), 1007–1014.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |ph_p_cna |abcd_cna01; abcd_ssphp01 | | | | |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Parent<ref name=":1" /> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |ph_p_bkfs |abcd_bkfs01 | | | | |- |International Physical Activity Questionnaire<ref>Booth M. (2000). Assessment of physical activity: an international perspective. ''Research quarterly for exercise and sport'', ''71''(2 Suppl), S114–S120.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |ph_p_ipaq |internat_physical_activ01; | | | | |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire - Parent<ref>Huppertz, C., Bartels, M., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C., Hudziak, J. J., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., & de Geus, E. (2016). Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior: Stability and Change in Genetic and Environmental Determinants From Age 7 to 18. ''Behavior genetics'', ''46''(5), 665–679.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |ph_p_saiq |abcd_lpsaiq01; abcd_lsssa01; abcd_saiq02; abcd_spacss01; sports_activ_read_music_p01 | | | | |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Parent<ref name=":0" /> |Physical Health |Puberty |Parent |ph_p_pds |abcd_ppdms01; abcd_ssphp01 | | | | |- |Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children<ref>Bruni, O., Ottaviano, S., Guidetti, V., Romoli, M., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F., & Giannotti, F. (1996). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. ''Journal of sleep research'', ''5''(4), 251–261.</ref><ref>Ferreira, V. R., Carvalho, L. B., Ruotolo, F., de Morais, J. F., Prado, L. B., & Prado, G. F. (2009). Sleep disturbance scale for children: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation. ''Sleep medicine'', ''10''(4), 457–463.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Parent |ph_p_sds |abcd_sds01; abcd_ssphp01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Youth)<ref name=":16">Potter, A., Dube, S., Allgaier, N., Loso, H., Ivanova, M., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Chaarani, B., Dumas, J., Feldstein-Ewing, S., Freedman, E. G., Garavan, H., Hoffman, E., McGlade, E., Robin, L., & Johns, M. M. (2021). Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''62''(2), 171–179.</ref><ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Reed, E., Salazar, M., Behar, A. I., Agah, N., Silverman, J. G., Minnis, A. M., Rusch, M., & Raj, A. (2019). Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''75'', 53–62.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Youth |gish_y_gi |abcd_ygi01; abcd_yksad01; | | | | |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057. </ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Youth |gish_y_sex |abcd_gish2y01; abcd_yksad01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Parent)<ref name=":16" /><ref>Johnson, L. L., Bradley, S. J., Birkenfeld-Adams, A. S., Kuksis, M. A., Maing, D. M., Mitchell, J. N., & Zucker, K. J. (2004). A parent-report gender identity questionnaire for children. ''Archives of sexual behavior'', ''33''(2), 105–116.</ref><ref>Elizabeth, P. H., & Green, R. (1984). Childhood sex-role behaviors: similarities and differences in twins. ''Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae'', ''33''(2), 173–179.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Parent |gish_p_gi |abcd_lpds01; abcd_lpksad01; abcd_pgi01; dibf01; pdem02 | | | | |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref name=":16" /><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Parent |gish_p_sex |abcd_lpksad01; dibf01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Genetic Principal Components & Relatedness |Genetics |Genetics |Youth |gen_y_pihat |acspsw03 | | | | |- |Twin Zygosity Rating |Genetics |Genetics |Youth |gen_y_zygrat |abcd_tztab01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |my_y_ksads_gad |generaled_anx_disorder01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |my_y_ksads_sad |social_anxiety_disorder01 | | | | |- |Brief Problem Monitor Scale<ref>Achenbach, T. M. (2009). The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory, and Applications. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth |mh_y_bpm |abcd_bpm01; abcd_yssbpm01 | | | | |- |KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth |mh_y_ksads_ss |abcd_ksad501; ksads2daic_use_only01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Youth |mh_y_ksads_ed |eating_disorders01 | | | | |- |Emotion Regulation Questionnaire<ref>Gross, J.J., & John, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. </ref><ref>Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children: The development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 1–9.</ref><ref>Gullone, E., & Taffe, J. (2012). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): a psychometric evaluation. Psychological assessment, ''24''(2), 409–417.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |mh_y_erq |abcd_mhy02; emotion_reg_erq_feelings01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Positive Affect Items<ref>Salsman, J. M., Butt, Z., Pilkonis, P. A., Cyranowski, J. M., Zill, N., Hendrie, H. C., Kupst, M. J., Kelly, M. A. R., Bode, R. K., Choi, S. W., Lai, J.-S. ., Griffith, J. W., Stoney, C. M., Brouwers, P., Knox, S. S., & Cella, D. (2013). Emotion assessment using the NIH Toolbox. ''Neurology'', ''80''(Issue 11, Supplement 3), S76–S86. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182872e11</nowiki> </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/positive-affect/|title=Positive Affect|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref>Gershon, R.C., Wagster, M.V., et al., 2013. NIH toolbox for assessment of neurological and behavioral function. Neurology 80 (11 Suppl. 3), S2–6.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |mh_y_poa |abcd_yssbpm01; abcd_ytbpai01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Youth |mh_y_ksads_cd |conduct_disorder01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Youth |mh_y_ksads_si |suicidality01 | | | | |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|7-Up Mania Items]]<ref name=":9">Youngstrom, E. A., Murray, G., Johnson, S. L., & Findling, R. L. (2013). The 7 Up 7 Down Inventory: A 14-item measure of manic and depressive tendencies carved from the General Behavior Inventory. ''Psychological Assessment'', ''25''(4), 1377–1383. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033975</nowiki> </ref> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |mh_y_7up |abcd_mhy02; abcd_y7mi01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |mh_y_ksads_bip |bipolar_disorders01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |mh_y_ksads_dep |depressive_disorders01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |mh_y_ksads_dmdd |disruptive_mood_dysreg01 | | | | |- |Peer Experiences Questionnaire<ref>De Los Reyes, A. & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression-distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325-335.</ref><ref>Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological functioning of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 477-489.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |mh_y_peq |abcd_peq01; abcd_mhy02 | | | | |- |Youth Resilience Scale<ref>Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2009). Cross-cultural consultation leading to the development of a valid measure of youth resilience: The International Resilience Project. ''Studia psychologica'', ''51''(2-3), 259-268.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |mh_y_or |abcd_ysr01 | | | | |- |Prodromal Psychosis Scale<ref>Karcher NR, Barch DM, Avenevoli S, Savill M, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Loewy RL. Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychotic like Experiences in Childhood. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75(8):853-861.</ref><ref>Loewy, R.L., Bearden, C.E., et al., 2005. The prodromal questionnaire (PQ): preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 79 (1), 117–125.</ref><ref>Ising, H.K., Veling, W., et al., 2012. The validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population. Schizophr. Bull. 38 (6), 1288–1296.</ref><ref>Therman, S., Lindgren, M., et al., 2014. Predicting psychosis and psychiatric hospital care among adolescent psychiatric patients with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Schizophr. Res. 158 (1–3), 7–10.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Youth |mh_y_pps |abcd_mhy02; pps01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Kiddie_Schedule_for_Affective_Disorders_and_Schizophrenia|Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS)]] Background Items Survey - Youth<ref name=":6">KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''36''(7), 980–988. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021</nowiki></ref><ref name=":7">Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Perepletchikova, F., Brent, D., & Ryan, N. (2016). ''K-SADS-PL DSM-5''. <nowiki>https://pediatricbipolar.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Clinical%20tools/KSADS/KSADS_DSM_5_SCREEN_Final.pdf</nowiki> </ref><ref name=":2">Townsend, L, Kobak, K., Kearney, C., Milham, M., Andreotti, C., Escalera, J., Alexander, L., Gill, M.K., Birmaher, B., Sylvester, R., Rice, D., Deep, A., Kaufman, J. (2020).  Development of Three Web-Based Computerized Versions of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-COMP) Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview: Preliminary Validity Data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb;59(2):309-325. doi:10.1016/j.jaac. PMID: 31108163.</ref><ref name=":3">Kaufman, J., Kobak, K., Birmaher, B., & de Lacy, N. (2021). KSADS-COMP Perspectives on Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment Planning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''60''(5), 540–542.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Youth |mh_y_ksads_bg |abcd_yksad01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems)<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Youth |mh_y_ksads_slp |sleep_problems01 | | | | |- |Cyberbullying Questionnaire<ref>Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PMID: 24424252.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Youth |mh_y_cbb |abcd_cb01 | | | | |- |Life Events Scale - Youth<ref name=":10">Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., et al., 2001. Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 29 (2), 153–164.</ref><ref name=":15">Grant, K.E., Compas, B.E., et al., 2004. Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33 (2), 412–425.</ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Youth |mh_y_le |abcd_mhy02; abcd_yle01 | | | | |- |[[Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) Scales|PhenX Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales]]<ref>Carver, C. & White, T. (1994). Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation, and affective response to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 67(2), 319-333.</ref><ref>Pagliaccio D, Luking KR, Anokhin AP, Gotlib IH, Hayden EP, Olino TM, Peng CZ, Hajcak G, Barch DM. Revising the BIS/BAS Scale to study development: Measurement invariance and normative effects of age and sex from childhood through adulthood. Psychol Assess. 2016 Apr;28(4):429-42. doi: 10.1037/pas0000186. Epub 2015 Aug 24. PMID: 26302106; PMCID: PMC4766059.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |mh_y_bisbas |abcd_bisbas01; abcd_mhy02 | | | | |- |Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior (UPPS-P) for Children - Short Form (ABCD Version)<ref>Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. ''Personality and Individual Differences, 30''(4), 669-689. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7</ref><ref>Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. ''Psychological Assessment, 19''(1), 107–118. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.107</nowiki></ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |mh_y_upps |abcd_mhy02; abcd_upps01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Agoraphobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_ago |agoraphobia_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_gad |generaled_anx_disorder_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_ocd |obs_compulsive_disorder_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Panic Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_pd |panic_disorder_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Separation Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_sep |separation_anxiety_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_sad |social_anxiety_disorder_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Specific Phobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |mh_p_ksads_phb |specific_phobia_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Autism Spectrum Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Autism Spectrum |Parent |mh_p_ksads_asd |autism_spectrum_dis_p01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|Adult Self Report Survey]]<ref name=":11">Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |mh_p_asr |pasr01; abcd_asrs01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Behavior Checklist]]<ref name=":11" /> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |mh_p_abcl |abcd_abcls01; abcd_adbc01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Self-Report]] (psychopathology)<ref name=":11" /> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent | | | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Child_Behavior_Checklist|Child Behavior Checklist]]<ref>Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. ''Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of mult-informant assessment.'' Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families; 2001.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |mh_p_cbcl |abcd_cbcl01; abcd_cbcls01 | | | | |- |Family History Assessment Survey<ref>Brown SA, Brumback T, Tomlinson K, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Clark DB, Chung T, Hasler BP, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Rohlfing T, Nichols BN, Chu W, Tapert SF. The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA): A Multisite Study of Adolescent Development and Substance Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2015 Nov;76(6):895-908. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895. PMID: 26562597; PMCID: PMC4712659.</ref><ref>Rice JP, Reich T, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Fishman R, Rochberg N, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Schuckit MA, Begleiter H. Comparison of direct interview and family history diagnoses of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Aug;19(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00983.x. PMID: 7485811.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |mh_p_fhx |fhxp201; abcd_fhxssp01; fhxp102 | | | | |- |KSADS Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |mh_p_ksads_ss |abcd_ksad01; ksads2daic_use_only_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Parent |mh_p_ksads_ed |eating_disorders_p01 | | | | |- |Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale<ref>Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., Hannan, S. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2016). Addressing psychometric limitations of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale through item modification. Journal of Personality Assessment.</ref><ref>Bunford, N., Dawson, A. E., Evans, S. W., Ray, A. R., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., DuPaul, G. J., & Allan, D. M. (2020). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD. Assessment, 27(5), 921–940.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Parent |mh_p_ders |diff_emotion_reg_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (ADHD) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |mh_p_ksads_adhd |attn_deficit_hyperactiv_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |mh_p_ksads_cd |abcd_pksadscd01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |mh_p_ksads_odd |opp_defiant_disorder_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Homicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |mh_p_ksads_hi |homicidality_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |mh_p_ksads_si |suicidality_p01 | | | | |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|General Behavior Inventory - Mania]]<ref name=":9" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |mh_p_gbi |abcd_pgbi01; abcd_mhp02 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Parent <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |mh_p_ksads_bp |bipolar_disorders_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |mh_p_ksads_dep |depressive_disorders_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |mh_p_ksads_dmdd |disruptive_mood_dysreg_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Psychotic Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Parent |mh_p_ksads_psy |psychosis_p01 | | | | |- |KSADS Background Items Survey - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Parent |mh_p_ksads_bg |abcd_lpksad01; dibf01; | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Parent |mh_p_ksads_slp |sleep_problems_p01 | | | | |- |Short Social Responsiveness Scale<ref>Aldridge, F. J., Gibbs, V. M., Schmidhofer, K., & Williams, M. (2012). Investigating the clinical usefulness of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in a tertiary level, autism spectrum disorder specific assessment clinic. ''Journal of autism and developmental disorders'', ''42''(2), 294–300.</ref><ref>Constantino J. N. (2011). The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment. ''Pediatric research'', ''69''(5 Pt 2), 55R–62R.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. ''Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP'', ''21''(1), 2–11.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. ''The American journal of psychiatry'', ''157''(12), 2043–2045.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. ''Archives of general psychiatry'', ''60''(5), 524–530.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Gruber, C. P., Davis, S., Hayes, S., Passanante, N., & Przybeck, T. (2004). The factor structure of autistic traits. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''45''(4), 719–726.</ref><ref>Hus, V., Bishop, S., Gotham, K., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Factors influencing scores on the social responsiveness scale. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''54''(2), 216–224.</ref><ref>Kaat, A. J., & Farmer, C. (2017). Commentary: Lingering questions about the Social Responsiveness Scale short form. A commentary on Sturm et al. (2017). ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''58''(9), 1062–1064.</ref><ref>Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Screening accuracy of Level 2 autism spectrum disorder rating scales. A review of selected instruments. ''Autism : the international journal of research and practice'', ''14''(4), 263–284.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Parent |mh_p_ssrs |abcd_mhp02; abcd_pssrs01; | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |mh_p_ksads_ptsd |abcd_ptsd01 | | | | |- |Life Events Scale - Parent<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":15" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |mh_p_le |abcd_mhp02; abcd_ple01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Perceived_Stress_Scale|Perceived Stress Scale]]<ref>Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396. </ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |mh_p_pss |abcd_mhy02; perceived_stress_p01 | | | | |- |Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire<ref>Latham MD, Dudgeon P, Yap MBH, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Schwartz OS, Ivie E, Whittle S, Allen NB. Factor Structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Assessment. 2020 Oct;27(7):1547-1561. doi: 10.1177/1073191119831789. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30788984.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Parent |mh_p_eatq |abcd_mhp02; abcd_eatqp01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Brief Problem Monitor |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Teacher |mh_t_bpm |abcd_ssbpmtf01; abcd_bpmt01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Edinburgh_Handedness_Inventory|Edinburgh Handedness Inventory]] |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth |nc_y_eihs |abcd_ehis01 | | | | |- |Neurocognition Assessment Administration |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth |nc_y_adm |neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Snellen_chart|Snellen Vision Screener]] |Neurocognition |Administrative |Youth |nc_y_svs |abcd_svs01 | | | | |- |Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress Task (BIRD)<ref>Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., & Brown, R. A. (2003). A modified computer version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) as a laboratory-based stressor. ''The Behavior Therapist, 26''(4), 290–293.</ref><ref>Feldner, M. T., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2006). Examining the association between rumination, negative affectivity, and negative affect induced by a paced auditory serial addition task. ''Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry'', ''37''(3), 171–187.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_bird |neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |Cash Choice Task<ref>Wulfert, E., Block, J. A., Santa Ana, E., Rodriguez, M. L., & Colsman, M. (2002). Delay of gratification: impulsive choices and problem behaviors in early and late adolescence. ''Journal of personality'', ''70''(4), 533–552.</ref><ref>Anokhin, A. P., Golosheykin, S., Grant, J. D., & Heath, A. C. (2011). Heritability of delay discounting in adolescence: a longitudinal twin study. ''Behavior genetics'', ''41''(2), 175–183.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_cct |cct01 | | | | |- |Delay Discounting Task<ref>Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K. (2008). An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. ''Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology'', ''16''(3), 264–274.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_ddis |abcd_yddss01 | | | | |- |Emotional Faces Stroop Task<ref>Başgöze, Z., Gönül, A. S., Baskak, B., & Gökçay, D. (2015). Valence-based Word-Face Stroop task reveals differential emotional interference in patients with major depression. ''Psychiatry research'', ''229''(3), 960–967.</ref><ref>Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: the contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. ''Journal of experimental psychology. General'', ''132''(1), 47–70.</ref><ref>Stroop, J.R., 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18 (6), 643–662.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_est |abcd_yest01 | | | | |- |Game of Dice Task<ref>Brand, M., Fujiwara, E., Borsutzky, S., Kalbe, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Decision-making deficits of Korsakoff patients in a new gambling task with explicit rules: associations with executive functions. ''Neuropsychology'', ''19''(3), 267–277.</ref><ref>Drechsler, R., Rizzo, P., & Steinhausen, H. C. (2008). Decision-making on an explicit risk-taking task in preadolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ''Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)'', ''115''(2), 201–209.</ref><ref>Duperrouzel, J. C., Hawes, S. W., Lopez-Quintero, C., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., Hayes, T., & Gonzalez, R. (2019). Adolescent cannabis use and its associations with decision-making and episodic memory: Preliminary results from a longitudinal study. ''Neuropsychology'', ''33''(5), 701–710.</ref><ref>Ross, J. M., Graziano, P., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., & Gonzalez, R. (2016). Decision-Making Does not Moderate the Association between Cannabis Use and Body Mass Index among Adolescent Cannabis Users. ''Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS'', ''22''(9), 944–949.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_gdt |abcd_gdss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |Little Man Task<ref>Acker, W. (1982). “A computerized approach to psychological screening—The Bexley-Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening and The Bexley-Maudsley Category Sorting Test.” ''International Journal of Man-Machine Studies'', ''17''(3): 361-369.</ref><ref>Nixon, S. J., Prather, R. A., & Lewis, B. (2014). Sex differences in alcohol-related neurobehavioral consequences. In Edith V. Sullivan and Adolf Pfefferbaum (Eds.), Alcohol and the nervous system (Handbook of clinical neurology, 3rd series (Vol. 125)). Oxford, United Kingdom, Elsevier, pp. 253-272.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_lmt |neurocog_youth_session01; lmtp201 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Dimensional Change Card Sort<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/dimensional-change-card-sort-test/|title=Dimensional Change Card Sort Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Flanker Inhibitory Control & Attention<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/flanker-inhibitory-control-and-attention-test-age-12/|title=Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_flkr; nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Oral Reading Recognition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/a-dummy-iq-test/|title=Oral Reading Recognition Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Pattern Comparison Processing Speed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/pattern-comparison-processing-speed/|title=Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Sequence Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-sequence-memory-test/|title=Picture Sequence Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Vocabulary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-vocabulary-test/|title=Picture Vocabulary Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12">McDonald, Skye (Ed.) (2014). Special series on the Cognition Battery of the NIH Toolbox. ''Journal of International Neuropsychological Society'', 20 (6), 487-651.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - List Sorting Working Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/test/|title=List Sorting Working Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_nihtb |abcd_tbss01; neurocog_youth_session01 | | | | |- |RAVLT Delayed Recall<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> |Neurocognition | |Youth | | | | | | |- |Rey Auditory Verbal Leanring Task (RAVLT) <ref name=":13">Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.S., & Spreen, O. (2006) A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford University Press. New York, New York. Third Edition.</ref><ref name=":14">Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012) Neuropsychological assessment. 5th Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, NY.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_ravlt |neurocog_youth_session01; abcd_ps01 | | | | |- |Social Influence Task<ref>Knoll, L. J., Leung, J. T., Foulkes, L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2017). Age-related differences in social influence on risk perception depend on the direction of influence. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''60'', 53–63.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_sit |neurocog_youth_session01; abcd_siss01 | | | | |- |Stanford Mental Arithmetic Response Time Evaluation (SMARTE)<ref>Starkey, G. S., & McCandliss, B. D. (2014). The emergence of “groupitizing” in children’s numerical cognition. ''Journal of experimental child psychology'', ''126'', 120–137.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_smarte |smarte_sumscores01 | | | | |- |Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Matrix Reasoning Task<ref>Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition Manual. San Antonio,TX, Pearson.</ref><ref>Daniel, M.H., Wahlstrom, D. & Zhang, O. (2014) Equivalence of Q-interactive® and Paper Administrations of Cognitive Tasks: WISC®–V: Q-Interactive Technical Report.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth |nc_y_wisc |abcd_ps01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale<ref>Barkley RA (2010). Differential diagnosis of adults with ADHD: the role of executive function and self-regulation. ''J Clin Psychiatry'', 71(7), e17. doi: 10.4088/JCP.9066tx1c</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2011). ''Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS for adults)''. New York: Guilford Press.</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2012). 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Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Youth |ce_y_fes |abcd_fes01; abcd_sscey01 | | | | |- |Acceptance Subscale from Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) - Short<ref>Schaefer, E.S., 1965. A configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. J. Consult. Psychol. 29, 552–557.</ref><ref>Schludermann, E. H., & Schludermann, S. M. (1988). Children’s Report on Parent Behavior (CRPBI-108, CRPBI-30) for older children and adolescents. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: University of Manitoba.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child development, 65(4), 1120-1136.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (1997). Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighborhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(2), 287-315</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |ce_y_crpbi |abcd_sscey01; crpbi01 | | | | |- |Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale<ref>Dubowitz, H., Villodas, M. T., Litrownik, A. J., Pitts, S. C., Hussey, J. M., Thompson, R., … & Runyan, D. (2011). Psychometric properties of a youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(6), 414-424.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |ce_y_mnbs |abcd_sscey01; neglectful_behavior01 | | | | |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref>Chilcoat, H. D., & Anthony, J. C. (1996). Impact of parent monitoring on initiation of drug use through late childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''35''(1), 91–100.</ref><ref name=":30">Karoly, H. C., Callahan, T., Schmiege, S. J., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2015). Evaluating the Hispanic Paradox in the context of adolescent risky sexual behavior: the role of parent monitoring. Journal of pediatric psychology, 41(4), 429-440.</ref><ref name=":31">Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Child development, ''71''(4), 1072–1085.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth |ce_y_pm |abcd_sscey01; pmq01 | | | | |- |Peer Behavior Profile: Prosocial Peer Involvement & Delinquent Peer Involvement<ref>Bingham, C. R., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Zucker, R. A. (1995). Peer Behavior Profile/Peer Activities Questionnaire. Unpublished questionnaire. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University. East Lansing.</ref><ref>Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</ref><ref>Jessor, R., & Jessor, S.L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, Academic Press.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |ce_y_pbp |abcd_pbp01; abcd_sscey01 | | | | |- |Peer Network Health: Protective Scale<ref>Mason, M., Light, J., Campbell, L., Keyser-Marcus, L., Crewe, S., Way, T., Saunders, H., King, L., Zaharakis, N.M., & McHenry, C. (2015). Peer network counseling with urban adolescents: A randomized controlled trial with moderate substance users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 58, 16-24.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |ce_y_pnh |abcd_pnhps01; abcd_sscey01 | | | | |- |Resistance to Peer Influence Scale/Questionnaire<ref>Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. ''Developmental psychology'', ''43''(6), 1531–1543.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth |ce_y_rpi | | | | | |- |PhenX School Risk & Protective Factors Survey<ref>Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. ''Evaluation and program planning'', ''30''(2), 197–211.</ref><ref>Hamilton, C. M., Strader, L. C., Pratt, J. G., Maiese, D., Hendershot, T., Kwok, R. K., Hammond, J. A., Huggins, W., Jackman, D., Pan, H., Nettles, D. S., Beaty, T. H., Farrer, L. A., Kraft, P., Marazita, M. L., Ordovas, J. M., Pato, C. N., Spitz, M. R., Wagener, D., Williams, M., … Haines, J. (2011). The PhenX Toolkit: get the most from your measures. American journal of epidemiology, ''174''(3), 253–260.</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth |ce_y_srpf |srpf01; abcd_sscey01 | | | | |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34">Zucker RA, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Paulus MP, Arroyo J, Fuligni A, Morris AS, Sanchez M, Wills T. Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:107-120</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth |ce_y_sag |abcd_ysaag01 | | | | |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Youth<ref name=":27">Goodman, R., Meltzer, H., Bailey, V., 1998. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 7(3), 125–130.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/Personality |Youth |ce_y_psb |abcd_psb01; abcd_sscey01 | | | | |- |Activity Space |Culture & Environment | |Youth | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Community Cohesion (PhenX)<ref>National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Community Survey 1994-1995.</ref><ref>PhenX Protocol - Neighborhood Collective Efficacy - Community Cohesion and Informal Social Control.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent |ce_p_comc |abcd_pxccp01; abcd_sscep01 | | | | |- |PhenX Neighborhood Safety/Crime Survey - Parent<ref>Echeverria, S. E., Diez-Roux, A. V., et al. (2004) Reliability of self-reported neighborhood characteristics. J Urban Health 81(4): 682-701.</ref><ref name=":33" /> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent |ce_p_nsc |abcd_pnsc01; abcd_sscep01 | | | | |- |Mexican American Cultural Values Scale<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |ce_p_macv |abcd_sscep01; macv01 | | | | |- |Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Survey<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |ce_p_meim |abcd_meim01; abcd_sscep01 | | | | |- |Native American Acculturation Scale<ref name=":37" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | | | | |- |PhenX Acculturation Survey - Parent<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":29" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |ce_p_acc |pacc01 | | | | |- |Vancouver Index of Acculturation - Parent<ref name=":35" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent |ce_p_via |abcd_via01; abcd_sscep01 | | | | |- |PhenX Family Environment Scale - Family Conflict - Parent<ref name=":32" /><ref>Sanford, K., Bingham, C.R., & Zucker, R.A. (1999). Validity Issues with the Family Environment Scale: Psychometric Resolution and Research Application with Alcoholic Families. Psychological Assessment, 11(3),315‑325.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Parent |ce_p_fes |abcd_sscep01; fes02 | | | | |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":31" /> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Parent |ce_p_pm |N/A | | | | |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34" /> |Culture & Environment |School |Parent |ce_p_sag |abcd_saag01 | | | | |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Parent<ref name=":27" /> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/Personality |Parent |ce_p_psb |psb01; abcd_sscep01 | | | | |- |HOME Short Form Cognitive Stimulation<ref>Bailey, C.T. & Boykin, A.W. (2001). The role of task variability and home contextual factors in the academic performance and task motivation of African American elementary school children. ''The Journal of Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 84-95. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696285</nowiki></ref><ref>Boykin, A.W. & Cunningham, R.T. The effects of movement expressiveness in story content and learning context on the analogical reasoning performance of African American Children. ''Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 72-83. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696284</nowiki></ref><ref>Zaslow, M. J., Weinfield, N. S., Gallagher, M., Hair, E. C., Ogawa, J. R., Egeland, B., ... & De Temple, J. M. (2006). Longitudinal prediction of child outcomes from differing measures of parenting in a low-income sample. ''Developmental Psychology'', ''42''(1), 27-37. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.27</nowiki></ref> |Culture & Environment | |Parent | | | | | | |- |Driving |Culture & Environment | |Parent | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Physical Activity (Daily) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_act_d |abcd_fbdpas01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Physical Activity (Weekly) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_act_w |abcd_fbdpas01; abcd_fbwpas01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_qtn_plt |abcd_yfb01; abcd_yff01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_qtn |abcd_fbpay01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Sleep (Daily) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_slp_d |abcd_fbdpas01; abcd_fbdss01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Sleep (Weekly) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Youth |nt_y_fitb_slp_w |abcd_fbwss01; abcd_fbdss01; abcd_fbdpas01 | | | | |- |EARS - Device Usage Statistics (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_ears_plt |abcd_mte01 | | | | |- |EARS - Device Usage Statistics |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_ears |N/A | | | | |- |EARS - Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_ears_qtn |N/A | | | | |- |EARS/Vibrent - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_ears_vibr_qtn_plt |abcd_mtpry01; abcd_mtpay01 | | | | |- |Screen Time Questionnaire |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_st |abcd_ssmty01; abcd_stq01 | | | | |- |Vibrent - Device Usage Statistics (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Youth |nt_y_vibr_plt |abcd_mtv01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent |nt_p_fitb_qtn_plt |abcd_pfb01, abcd_pff01 | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent |nt_p_fitb_qtn |abcd_fbprp01; abcd_fbpap01 | | | | |- |EARS - Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent |nt_p_ears_qtn |N/A | | | | |- |EARS - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent |nt_p_ears_qtn_plt |abcd_mtpa01; abcd_mtpap01 | | | | |- |Parent Screen Time Questionnaire |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent |nt_p_psq |screentime_psq_p01 | | | | |- |Screen Time Questionnaire (Parent) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent |nt_p_stq |stq01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |School Records |Other |School Records |Other | | | | | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Imaging Data Coding Information !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Table Name !Table Name (NDA 4.0) !SAS Code !SPSS Code !R Code |- |MRI Info |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |mri_y_adm_info |abcd_mri01 | | | |- |Pre/Post-Scan Questionnaires |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |mri_y_adm_qtn |abcd_ypsq201; abcd_ypre201; abcd_ypre101 | | | |- |Scanning Checklist and Notes |Brain Imaging |Administrative |Youth |mri_y_adm_nts |abcd_ra01 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_at |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_aseg |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_gm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_gm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_gwc_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101; abcd_dmdtifp202 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_wm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_fs_wm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_at |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_aseg |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_gm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_gm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101; abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_gwc_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp202 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_wm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_fs_wm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_at |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_aseg |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_gm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_gm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_gwc_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp202 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_wm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_fs_wm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_at |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_aseg |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_gm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_gm_dst |abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_gwc_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp202 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtifp201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_wm_dsk |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_fs_wm_dst |abcd_ddtifp101 | | | |- |Volume (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Full Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_vol_fs_at |abcd_dmdtifp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_at |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_aseg |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_gm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_gm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_gwc_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_wm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Fractional Anisotropy - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_fa_is_wm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Atlas Track) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_at |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_aseg |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_gm_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_gm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101; abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_gwc_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_wm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Longitudinal Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_ld_is_wm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_at |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_aseg |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_gm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_gm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_gwc_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_wm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Mean Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_md_is_wm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_at |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_aseg |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_gm_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_gm_dst |abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_gwc_dsk |abcd_dti_p201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_gwc_dst |abcd_ddtidp201 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_wm_dsk |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Transverse Diffusivity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_td_is_wm_dst |abcd_ddtidp101 | | | |- |Volume (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (DTI Inner Shell) |Youth |mri_y_dti_vol_is_at |abcd_dti_p101 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_at |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_aseg |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_gm_dst |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Free Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_fni_wm_dst |abcd_drsip701 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_at |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_aseg |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_gm_dst |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Directional - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnd_wm_dst |abcd_drsip501 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_at |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_aseg |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_gm_dst |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hni_wm_dst |abcd_drsip401 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_at |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_aseg |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_gm_dst |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Hindered Normalized Total - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_hnt_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip601 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_at |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_aseg |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_gm_dst |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Directional - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnd_wm_dst |abcd_drsip201 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_at |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_aseg |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_gm_dst |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Isotropic - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rni_wm_dst |abcd_drsip101 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total (AtlasTrack) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_at |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_aseg |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_gm_dsk |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_gm_dst |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_gwc_dsk |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_gwc_dst |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_wm_dsk |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Restricted Normalized Total - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Diffusion MRI (RSI) |Youth |mri_y_rsi_rnt_wm_dst |abcd_drsip301 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Correlations (Gordon Network to Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_y_rsfmr_cor_gp_aseg |mrirscor02 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Correlations (Gordon Network) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_rsfmr_cor_gp_gp |abcd_betnet02 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_y_rsfmr_var_dsk |abcd_mrirstv02 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_y_rsfmr_var_dst |abcd_mrirsfd01 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Gordon) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_y_rsfmr_var_gp |abcd_mrirstv02 | | | |- |Resting State fMRI - Temporal Variance (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Resting State fMRI |Youth |mri_y_rsfmr_var_aseg |abcd_mrirstv02 | | | |- |Cortical Thickness (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_thk_dsk |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Cortical Thickness (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_thk_dst |abcd_mrisdp102 | | | |- |Cortical Thickness (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_thk_fzy |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Sulcal Depth (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_sulc_dsk |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Sulcal Depth (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_sulc_dst |abcd_mrisdp102 | | | |- |Sulcal Depth (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_sulc_fzy |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Surface Area (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_area_dsk |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Surface Area (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_area_dst |abcd_mrisdp102 | | | |- |Surface Area (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_area_fzy |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |T1 Intensity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_aseg |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_gray_dsk |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_gray_dst |abcd_mrisdp202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_gray_fzy |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_contr_dsk |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_contr_dst |abcd_mrisdp202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_contr_fzy |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_white_dsk |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_white_dst |abcd_mrisdp202 | | | |- |T1 Intensity - White Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t1_white_fzy |abcd_smrip202 | | | |- |T2 Intensity (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_aseg |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_gray_dsk |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_gray_dst |abcd_mrisdp302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_gray_fzy |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_contr_dsk |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_contr_dst |abcd_mrisdp302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - Gray/White Contrast (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_contr_fzy |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_white_dsk |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_white_dst |abcd_mrisdp302 | | | |- |T2 Intensity - White Matter (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_t2_white_fzy |abcd_smrip302 | | | |- |Volume (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_vol_dsk |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Volume (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_vol_dst |abcd_mrisdp102 | | | |- |Volume (Fuzzy Clustering) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_vol_fzy |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Volume (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Structural MRI |Youth |mri_y_smr_vol_aseg |abcd_smrip102 | | | |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref name=":43">Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, Hommer D (2000) FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. NeuroImage 12: 20–27.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_allvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_allvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp202; abcd_midasemdp202; abcd_midr1bwdp202; abcd_tr2semdp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_allvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alrvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alrvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Anticipated large reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alrvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsl_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsl_dst |abcd_midabwdp202; abcd_midasemdp202; abcd_midr1bwdp202; abcd_tmidr1semdp202; abcd_tr2bwdp202; abcd_tr2semdp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small loss (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsl_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsr_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsr_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midabwdp202; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midasemdp202; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp202; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp202; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2bwdp202; abcd_tr2semdp101; abcd_tr2semdp202 | | | |- |Anticipated large vs. small reward (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvsr_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102; | | | |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202; | | | |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Anticipated loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_alvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_arvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_arvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Anticipated reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_arvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_aslvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_aslvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp202; abcd_midasemdp202; abcd_midr1bwdp202; abcd_tmidr1semdp202; abcd_tr2bwdp202; abcd_tr2semdp202 | | | |- |Anticipated small loss vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_aslvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_asrvn_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_asrvn_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; bcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Anticipated small reward vs. neutral (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_asrvn_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Behavioral Performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_beh |abcd_mid02 | | | |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_lpvnf_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_lpvnf_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Loss positive vs. negative feedback (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_lpvnf_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Post-Scan Questionnaire |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_qtn |abcd_monet01; abcd_prepost01 | | | |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_rpvnf_dsk |abcd_midasemp202; abcd_midr1bwp202; abcd_midr2semp202; abcd_midsemp202; midaparcp203; midr2bwp202 | | | |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_rpvnf_dst |abcd_midabwdp01; abcd_midasemdp101; abcd_midr1bwdp101; abcd_tmidr1semdp101; abcd_tr2bwdp01; abcd_tr2semdp101 | | | |- |Reward positive vs. negative feedback (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Monetary Incentive Delay Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":43" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_mid_rpvnf_aseg |abcd_midasemp102; abcd_midr1bwp102; abcd_midr2semp102; abcd_midsemp102; midaparc03; midr2bwp102 | | | |- |Recognition memory behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44">Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_rec_beh |mribrec02 | | | |- |0-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_0b_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |0-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_0b_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |0-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_0b_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |2-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2b_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |2-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2b_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |2-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2b_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":52">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2bv0b_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":53">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2bv0b_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |2-back vs. 0-back (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":54">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref>Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_2bv0b_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55">ABCD Study. (n.d.). ''fMRI Tasks and Tools''. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from <nowiki>https://abcdstudy.org/scientists/abcd-fmri-tasks-and-tools/</nowiki></ref><ref name=":45">Cohen, A.O., Conley, M.I., Dellarco, D.V., Casey, B.J. (November, 2016). The impact of emotional cues on short-term and long-term memory during adolescence. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_beh |abcd_mrinback02 | | | |- |Emotion (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emo_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Emotion (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emo_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |Emotion (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emo_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emovntf_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emovntf_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfabwdp201; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp201; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp201; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp201; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp201; abcd_tnbasemdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp201 | | | |- |Emotion vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_emovntf_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Face vs. place (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_fvplc_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Face vs. place (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_fvplc_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |Face vs. place (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_fvplc_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_ngfvntf_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_ngfvntf_dst |abcd_tfabwdp201; abcd_tfnbr1semdp201; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp201; abcd_tfnbr2dp201; abcd_tfncr1bwdp201; abcd_tnbasemdp201 | | | |- |Negative face vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_ngfvntf_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Place (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_plc_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Place (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_plc_dst |abcd_tfabwdp101; abcd_tfnbr1semdp101; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp101; abcd_tfnbr2dp101; abcd_tfncr1bwdp101; abcd_tnbasemdp101 | | | |- |Place (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_plc_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_psfvntf_dsk |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_psfvntf_dst |abcd_tfabwdp201; abcd_tfnbr1semdp201; abcd_tfnbr2bwdp201; abcd_tfnbr2dp201; abcd_tfncr1bwdp201; abcd_tnbasemdp201 | | | |- |Positive face vs. neutral face (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Emotional N-Back Task<ref name=":55" /><ref name=":45" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_nback_psfvntf_aseg |nback_bwroi02; nbackallsem01; nbackr101; nbackr1sem01; nbackr201; nbackr2sem01 | | | |- |Behavioral performance |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46">Logan GD (1994) On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A users’ guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language: 189-239. San Diego: Academic Press</ref> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_beh |abcd_sst02 | | | |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_asvcg_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_asvcg_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Any stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_asvcg_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_cgvfx_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstsem01; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01 | | | |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_cgvfx_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Correct go vs. fixation (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_cgvfx_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvcg_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvcg_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvcg_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvis_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvis_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Correct stop vs. incorrect stop (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_csvis_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvcg_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvcg_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvcg_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvis_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvis_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstabwdp201; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp201; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp201; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp201; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp201; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp201 | | | |- |Incorrect go vs. incorrect stop (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_igvis_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Desikan) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_isvcg_dsk |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Destrieux) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_isvcg_dst |abcd_tfsstabwdp101; abcd_tfsstasemdp101; abcd_tfsstr1bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr1semdp101; abcd_tfsstr2bwdp101; abcd_tfsstr2semdp101 | | | |- |Incorrect stop vs. correct go (Subcortical) |Brain Imaging |Task fMRI - Stop Signal Task<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":46" /> |Youth |mri_y_tfmr_sst_isvcg_aseg |mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr1sem01; mrisstr2bw01; mrisstr2bwsem01; mrisstsem01 | | | |- |Automatic - Post-processing |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_auto_post |abcd_auto_postqc01 | | | |- |MRI Clinical Report/FIndings |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_clfind |abcd_mrfindings02 | | | |- |Manual - Freesurfer |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_man_fsurf |abcd_fsurfqc01 | | | |- |Manual - Post-processing - Diffusion MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_man_post_dmr |abcd_dmriqc01 | | | |- |Manual - Post-processing - Functional MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_man_post_fmr |abcd_fmriqc01 | | | |- |Manual - Post-processing - Structural MRI - T2w |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_man_post_t2w |abcd_t2wqc01 | | | |- |Motion |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_motion |abcd_betnet02; abcd_dmdtifp202; abcd_midasemp102; mrisst02; mrisstr1bw01; mrisstr2bw01; nback_bwroi02; nbackr101; nbackr201 | | | |- |Raw - Diffusion MRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_dmr |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Event |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_event |mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Resting State fMRI |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_rsfmr |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Structural MRI - T1 |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_smr_t1 |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Structural MRI - T2 |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_smr_t2 |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Task fMRI - All |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_tfmr_all |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Task fMRI - MID |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_tfmr_mid |mriqcrp103; mriqcrp203; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Task fMRI - N-Back |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_tfmr_nback |mriqcrp203; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Raw - Task fMRI - SST |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_raw_tfmr_sst |mriqcrp203; mriqcrp302 | | | |- |Recommended Image Inclusion |Brain Imaging |Quality Control |Youth |mri_y_qc_incl |abcd_imgincl01 | | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Linked Data Coding Information !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Table Name !Table Name (NDA 4.0) !Subscale Information !SAS Code !SPSS Code !R Code |- |Geocoding from Residential History |Linked Data |Administrative |Other |led_l_admin |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Satellite-based NO2 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |led_l_no2 |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Satellite-based O3 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |led_l_o3 |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Satellite-based PM2.5 Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |led_l_pm25 |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Satellite-based Particulate Measures |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |led_l_particulat |N/A | | | | |- |Satellite-based Pollution Measures for Prenatal Addresses |Linked Data |Air Pollution |Air Quality Data for Health-Related Applications |led_l_prenatal |N/A | | | | |- |Neighborhood SES and Demographics |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |led_l_nbhsoc |N/A | | | | |- |Parks |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |led_l_parks |N/A | | | | |- |Performing Arts and Sports Recreation Orgs |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |led_l_artsports |N/A | | | | |- |Religious/Civic Organizations |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |led_l_relciv |N/A | | | | |- |Social Service |Linked Data |Amenities & Services |NaDA |led_l_socsrv |N/A | | | | |- |Building Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |led_l_densbld |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Crime |Linked Data |Built Environment |ICPSR |led_l_crime |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Lead Risk |Linked Data |Built Environment |Vox |led_l_leadrisk |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Population Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |led_l_denspop |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Road Proximity |Linked Data |Built Environment |Kalibrate |led_l_roadprox |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Traffic Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |Kalibrate |led_l_traffic |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Urban/Rural Area |Linked Data |Built Environment |Census |led_l_urban |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Vehicle Density |Linked Data |Built Environment |ACS |led_l_densveh |N/A | | | | |- |Walkability |Linked Data |Built Environment |EPA |led_l_walk |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Behavioral Health Measures |Linked Data |Community Health Burden |PLACES |led_l_places |N/A | | | | |- |Elevation of Address |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |Google API |led_l_elevation |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Estimates of Environmental Noise |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |Harvard |led_l_noise |N/A | | | | |- |Selected EJScreen Measures |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |EJScreen |led_l_ejscreen |N/A | | | | |- |Temperature Estimates |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |PRISM |led_l_temp |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |VPD Estimates |Linked Data |Meteorology & Exposures |PRISM |led_l_vpd |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Land-use Measures |Linked Data |Natural Space & Satellite |NLT |led_l_urbsat |N/A | | | | |- |Measure of Land Cover and Tree Canopy |Linked Data |Natural Space & Satellite |NLCD |led_l_nlcd |N/A | | | | |- |Alcohol Outlet Density |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Census 2016 |led_l_densalc |N/A | | | | |- |Anomie/Disenfranchisement/Social Capital |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Census Return |led_l_censusret |N/A | | | | |- |Number of Jobs and Job Density |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |LODES |led_l_lodes |N/A | | | | |- |Opportunity Zones and Investment Scores (OZ) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Other |led_l_oz |N/A | | | | |- |Rent and Mortgage Statistics |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |ACS |led_l_rentmort |N/A | | | | |- |Social Mobility |Linked Data |Neighborhood Social Factors |Opportunity Atlas |led_l_socmob |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Area Deprivation Index (ADI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |led_l_adi |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |led_l_coi |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |led_l_mhsvi | | | | | |- |Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) |Linked Data |Neighborhood Composite Measures |Other |led_l_svi |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |KFF |led_l_aca | | | | | |- |CDC Opioid Prescription Dispensing Data per 100k Residents |Linked Data |Policy Vars |CDC |led_l_rxopioid | | | | | |- |Cannabis Legalizations Categories by State |Linked Data |Policy Vars |NCSL and MPP |led_l_lawsmj |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Gender Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |led_l_biasgender |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Immigration Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |led_l_biasimm |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Co-prescribing Naloxone Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |led_l_rxnalox |N/A | | | | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Good Samaritan Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |led_l_goodsam |N/A | | | | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Medical Marijuana Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |led_l_medmj |N/A | | | | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Naloxone Policy Data |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |led_l_polnalox |N/A | | | | |- |OPTIC-Vetted Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Policy Data (PDMP) |Linked Data |Policy Vars |OPTIC |led_l_rxmonit |N/A | | | | |- |Race Bias Measures |Linked Data |Policy Vars |Hatzenbuehler |led_l_biasrace |abcd_rhds01 | | | | |- |Dissimilarity Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |led_l_dissim |N/A | | | | |- |Exposure/Interaction Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |led_l_expint |N/A | | | | |- |GI Statistics |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ICPSR |led_l_gi |N/A | | | | |- |Index of Concentration at the Extremes |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |led_l_ice |N/A | | | | |- |Multi-Group Entropy Index |Linked Data |Residential Segregation |ACS |led_l_entropy |N.A | | | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |led_l_seda_demo_c |led_school_part_301 | | | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |led_l_seda_demo_d |led_school_part_201 | | | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |led_l_seda_demo_m |led_school_part_501 | | | | |- |School |Linked Data |School (Demographics) |SEDA |led_l_seda_demo_s |led_school_part_101 | | | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA |led_l_seda_pool_z |led_school_part_401 | | | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA |led_l_seda_pool_c |led_school_part_301 | | | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA |led_l_seda_pool_d |led_school_part_201 | | | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA |led_l_seda_pool_m |led_school_part_501 | | | | |- |School |Linked Data |School (Math & Reading) |SEDA |led_l_seda_pool_s |led_school_part_101 | | | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_math_z |led_school_part_401 | | | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_math_c |led_school_part_301 | | | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_math_d |led_school_part_201 | | | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Math Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_math_m |led_school_part_501 | | | | |- |Commuting Zone |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_read_z |led_school_part_401 | | | | |- |County |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_read_c |led_school_part_301 | | | | |- |District |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_read_d |led_school_part_201 | | | | |- |Metro Area |Linked Data |School (Reading Poolsub) |SEDA |led_l_seda_read_m |led_school_part_501 | | | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Substudy - Coding Information !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Table Name !Table Name (NDA 4.0) !Subscale Information !SAS Code !SPSS Code !R Code |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Physical Activity (Daily) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth |cvd_y_fitb_act_d |N/A | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Physical Activity (Weekly) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth |cvd_y_fitb_act_w |N/A | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Post-Assessment Survey |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth |cvd_y_fitb_qtn |covid19_fitbit_survey01 | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Sleep (Daily) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth |cvd_y_fitb_slp_d |N/A | | | | |- |COVID-19 Fitbit Sleep (Weekly) |COVID-19 |Actigraphy |Youth |cvd_y_fitb_slp_w |N/A | | | | |- |COVID-19 Questionnaire |COVID-19 |COVID |Youth |cvd_y_qtn |yabcdcovid19questionnaire01 | | | | |- |Endocannabinoid Substudy |Endocannabinoid |SU Consequence |Youth |ecb_y_ecb |N/A | | | | |- |Hurricane Irma Experiences |Hurricane Irma |Questionnaire |Youth |irma_y_qtn |abcd_isc01 | | | | |- |Reported Delinquency<ref name=":8">Elliott DS, Ageton SS, Huizinga D, Knowles BA, Canter RJ. ''The prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior: 1976–1980 (National Youth Survey Report No. 26)'' Behavioral Research Institute; Boulder, CO: 1983.</ref> |Social Development |Delinquency |Youth |sd_y_rd |abcd_socdev_child_rde01; soc_dev_fu_rep_delinq01 | | | | |- |Difficulties in Emotion Regulation |Social Development |Emotion |Youth |sd_y_ders |abcd_socdev_child_emr01; soc_dev_fu_diff_emo_reg01 | | | | |- |Firearms (YRBSS) |Social Development |Firearm Storage |Youth |sd_y_fa |abcd_socdev_child_fa01; soc_dev_fu_firearms01 | | | | |- |Alabama Parenting Questionnaire |Social Development |Parenting |Youth |sd_y_apq |abcd_socdev_child_alabam01; soc_dev_fu_alabama01 | | | | |- |Peer Behavior |Social Development |Peers |Youth |sd_y_pb |abcd_socdev_child_pb01; soc_dev_fu_peer_behav01 | | | | |- |Personality Disposition |Social Development |Temperament/Personality |Youth |sd_y_pd |abcd_socdev_child_pdis01; soc_dev_fu_personality01; | | | | |- |Victimization |Social Development |Victimization |Youth |sd_y_vict |abcd_socdev_child_vic01; soc_dev_fu_victimize01 | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Questionnaire |COVID-19 |COVID |Parent |cvd_p_qtn |pabcdcovid19questionnaire01 | | | | |- |Hurricane Irma Experiences |Hurricane Irma |Questionnaire |Parent |irma_p_qtn |abcd_ip01 | | | | |- |Visit Type |Social Development |Administrative |Parent |sd_p_vt |abcd_socdev_vt01; soc_dev_fu_visit_type01; | | | | |- |Perception of Neighborhood Scale |Social Development |Community |Parent |sd_p_nbh |soc_dev_fu_neighbor_p01; abcd_socdev_p_nbh01 | | | | |- |Reported Delinquency |Social Development |Delinquency |Parent |sd_p_rd |soc_dev_fu_rep_delinq_p01; abcd_socdev_p_rde01; | | | | |- |Difficulties in Emotion Regulation |Social Development |Emotion |Parent |sd_p_ders |abcd_socdev_p_emr01; soc_dev_fu_diff_emo_reg_p01 | | | | |- |Firearms (BRFSS) |Social Development |Firearm Storage |Parent |sd_p_fa |soc_dev_fu_firearms_p01; abcd_socdev_p_fa01 | | | | |- |Alabama Parenting Questionnaire |Social Development |Parenting |Parent |sd_p_apq |soc_dev_fu_alabama_p01; abcd_socdev_p_alabama01 | | | | |- |Personality Disposition |Social Development |Temperament/Personality |Parent |sd_p_pd |abcd_socdev_p_pdis01; soc_dev_fu_personality_p01 | | | | |- |Victimization |Social Development |Victimization |Parent |sd_p_vict |soc_dev_fu_victimize_p01; abcd_socdev_p_vic01 | | | | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Substudy - Linked Data Coding Information !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Source !Table Name !Table Name (NDA 4.0) !Subscale Information |- |Administrative Information |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |Youth |cvd_l_geo_adm |N/A | |- |CDC Policy Surveilance |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |CDC |cvd_l_geo_policy |N/A | |- |Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Prevalence |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |JHU |cvd_l_geo_jhu |N/A | |- |SafeGraph Social Distancing Metrics |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |SafeGraph |cvd_l_geo_sg |N/A | |- |US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and Census Data |COVID-19 |Geocoded Data |BLS/Census |cvd_l_geo_bls |N/A | |} == Notes - Coding Information == ====== Physical Health ====== * Blood analyses run were taken from the online data dictionary. Blood (DNA) was listed as a distinct analysis in the PDFs of measures by wave but was not specifically mentioned in the data dictionary (hence why no table name was given). ** Oral fluids (DNA) were also not listed in the data dictionary. ====== Substance Use ====== *Caffeine use questions were not included under the substance use phone interview in the online data dictionary. == Variable, Subscale, and Total Score Information == The following table contains subscale information for measures used in the ABCD Study. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ABCD Core - Overview of Measures by Wave ''*Imaging data displayed separately below'' !Measure !Category !Subcategory !Informant !Subscale Information !Subscale Score Calculation !Total Scale Score Calculation |- |Occupation Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Different codes exist for a variety of occupation subcategories, which, when endorsed, prompt the informant to specify their job title. |N/A |N/A |- |PhenX Demographics Survey |General Information |Demographics |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Different variables exist for demographic information pertaining to the informant(s) (race, country of birth, years lived in US, marital status, schooling, income, occupation, access to goods/services/utilities, household, healthcare access), child (age, grade, adoption status, sex, gender, race, ethicity, nationality, household, religion, language), and other family members (race, nationality, income, occupation, relationship to informant and child). |N/A |N/A |- | | | | | | | |- |[[COVID-19]] Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. Scale assesses impact of COVID-19 on schooling, social distancing practice, interaction with other people, feelings of uncertainty, news consumption, and masking behavior. |N/A |N/A |- |Pain Questionnaire<ref>Luntamo, T., Sourander, A., Santalahti, P., Aromaa, M., & Helenius, H. (2012). Prevalence changes of pain, sleep problems and fatigue among 8-year-old children: years 1989, 1999, and 2005. ''Journal of pediatric psychology'', ''37''(3), 307–318.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. Scale assesses pain duration and impact over the past month, and separate variables exist for different places where the pain may have occurred. |N/A |N/A |- |Respiratory Functioning<ref>Gillman, M. W., & Blaisdell, C. J. (2018). Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, a Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. ''Current opinion in pediatrics'', ''30''(2), 260–262.</ref><ref>Asher, M. I., Keil, U., Anderson, H. R., Beasley, R., Crane, J., Martinez, F., Mitchell, E. A., Pearce, N., Sibbald, B., & Stewart, A. W. (1995). International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. ''The European respiratory journal'', ''8''(3), 483–491.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. Different variables exist for presence and impact of wheezing/whistling, different triggers, asthma and pneumonia/bronchitis diagnosis information, and hospitalization. |N/A |N/A |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Youth<ref name=":1">Hunsberger, M., O’Malley, J., Block, T., & Norris, J. C. (2015). Relative validation of Block Kids Food Screener for dietary assessment in children and adolescents. ''Maternal & child nutrition'', ''11''(2), 260–270.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. Different variables exist for different foods, frequency of food consumption per day/week, and total grams consumed. |N/A |N/A |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire (Reading & Music) - Youth |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |'''Reading:''' sai_read_hrs_wk_y, sai_read_y, sai_read_enjoy_y '''Music:''' sai_lmusic_y, sai_lmusic_feel_y, sai_lmusic_hrs_day_y, sai_lmusic_studying_y |N/A |N/A |- |[[wikipedia:Youth_Risk_Behavior_Surveillance_System|Youth Risk Behavior Survey]] - Exercise |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. All items assess days spent engaging in physical activity per week. |N/A |N/A |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Youth<ref name=":0">Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988). A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. ''Journal of youth and adolescence'', ''17''(2), 117–133.</ref> |Physical Health |Puberty |Youth |'''Male Pubertal Stage:''' pds_bdyhair_y, pds_m4_y, pds_m5_y '''Female Pubertal Stage:''' pds_bdyhair_y, pds_f4_2_y, pds_f5_y. '''Menstrual Cycle:''' menstrualcycle1_y, menstrualcycle2_y, menstrualcycle2_y_dk, menstrualcycle3_y, menstrualcycle4_y, menstrualcycle5_y, menstrualcycle6_y, menstrualcycle11_y, menstrualcycle7_y, menstrualcycle8_y, menstrualcycle9_y, menstrualcycle10_y, mentrualcycle11_y '''Other:''' pds_sex_y, pds_ht2_y, pds_skin2_y, pds_f6_y, pds_f6_y_dk |'''Male:''' Sum of pds_bdyhair_y, pds_m4_y, pds_m5_y. Prepubertal: 3; early pubertal: 4 or 5 (no responses of "3" to any item); midpubertal: 6-8 (no "4"s); late pubertal: 9-11; postpubertal (12). Subscale score variables are pds_y_ss_male_category and pds_y_ss_male_cat_2 (latter specifies sex assigned at birth). '''Female:''' Sum of pds_bdyhair_y and pds_f4_2_y, in addition to pds_f5_y (yes/no for menstruation). Prepubertal: 2 + no menstruation; early puberty: 3 + no menstruation; midpubertal: >3 + no menstruation; late puberty: ≤7 + menstruation; postpubertal: 8 + menstruation. Subscale score variables are pds_y_ss_female_category and pds_y_ss_female_category_2 (latter specifies sex assigned at birth). |N/A |- |[[wikipedia:Munich_Chronotype_Questionnaire|Munich ChronoType Questionnaire]] (sleep)<ref>Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C., Beersma, D. G., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005). Comparison of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Ostberg’s Morningness-Eveningness Score. ''Chronobiology international'', ''22''(2), 267–278.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Youth |'''No subscale information available'''. Different variables exist for sleep times, sleep latency, awakenings, sleep inertia, alarm usage, sleep loss, social jetlag, timing of school/work, and sleep duration. Scale differentiates between sleep patterns on school/work days and free days. |N/A |N/A |- | | | | | | | |- |COVID-19 Annual Form |Physical Health |COVID |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Scale assesses impact of COVID-19 on employment, income, exposure to racism or discrimination, interpersonal relationships, stress, schooling (of child), access to goods and services (e.g., food, healthcare). Also assesses internet access, symptoms/diagnosis of COVID in child and family, impact of illness on child, conversations pertaining to COVID safety, vaccination, and hospitalization due to COVID. |N/A |N/A |- |Breast Feeding Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses prescription and non-prescription drug use during breastfeeding. |N/A |N/A |- |Developmental History Questionnaire<ref>Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Heeringa, S., Merikangas, K. R., Pennell, B. E., Sampson, N. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): II. Overview and design. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 380–385.</ref><ref>Merikangas, K. R., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Koretz, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). National comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A): I. Background and measures. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''48''(4), 367–379.</ref> |Physical Health |Development |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses birthweight of child, age of biological parents, planning of pregnancy, twin status of child, drug use prior to knowledge of pregnancy, drug use after knowledge of pregnancy, experience with medical conditions during pregnancy, access to medical care during pregnancy, experience with birth complications, child illness in the first year of life, breastfeeding, timing of child motor development, timing of speech/linguistic development, and child bed wetting. |N/A |N/A |- |Medical History Questionnaire<ref>Todd, R. D., Joyner, C. A., Heath, A. C., Neuman, R. J., & Reich, W. (2003). Reliability and stability of a semistructured DSM-IV interview designed for family studies. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''42''(12), 1460–1468.</ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Asks about child's experience with illness, disabilityt, injury, hospitalization/urgent care/primary care, and surgery. |N/A |N/A |- |Ohio State [[wikipedia:Traumatic_brain_injury|TBI]] Screen - Short<ref>Bogner, J. A., Whiteneck, G. G., MacDonald, J., Juengst, S. B., Brown, A. W., Philippus, A. M., Marwitz, J. H., Lengenfelder, J., Mellick, D., Arenth, P., & Corrigan, J. D. (2017). Test-Retest Reliability of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Measures: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. ''The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation'', ''32''(5), E1–E16. </ref> |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses child's history of head injury, including diagnosis, loss of consciousness, age, nature of injury, amnesia, frequency and timing of injuries, and lasting impact of injury. |N/A |N/A |- |PhenX Medications Survey (Medications Inventory) |Physical Health |Medical |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale measures child's medication usage within the last two weeks and the last year. Up to 15 prescription medications and 15 OTC medications can be inputted. Variables exist for medication name, dosage, release (e.g., XR), and frequency of consumption. Additional items assess caffeine and CBD use. |N/A |N/A |- |Child Nutrition Assessment<ref>Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. ''Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association'', ''11''(9), 1007–1014.</ref> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' All items contribute to one total variable (diet score, ''cna_p_ss_sum''). Scale assesses the child's typical consumption of various foods and food groups over the past year, and if any prenatal vitamins or folic acid supplements were taken by the biological mother prior to or during pregnancy. |N/A |N/A |- |Block Kids Food Screener - Parent<ref name=":1" /> |Physical Health |Nutrition |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Different variables exist for different foods, frequency of food consumption per day/week, and total grams consumed. |N/A |N/A |- |International Physical Activity Questionnaire<ref>Booth M. (2000). Assessment of physical activity: an international perspective. ''Research quarterly for exercise and sport'', ''71''(2 Suppl), S114–S120.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Scale assesses time spent walking, engaging in vigorous/moderate physical activity, and walking over the past week. |N/A |N/A |- |Sports and Activities Involvement Questionnaire - Parent<ref>Huppertz, C., Bartels, M., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C., Hudziak, J. J., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., & de Geus, E. (2016). Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior: Stability and Change in Genetic and Environmental Determinants From Age 7 to 18. ''Behavior genetics'', ''46''(5), 665–679.</ref> |Physical Health |Physical Activity |Parent |'''No subscale information available'''. Scale assesses child participation in various sports and activities continuously for 4 months or more over the past year. |N/A |N/A |- |Pubertal Development Scale and Menstrual Cycle Survey - Parent<ref name=":0" /> |Physical Health |Puberty |Parent |'''Male Pubertal Stage:''' pds_2_p, pds_m5_p, pds_m4_p '''Female Pubertal Stage:''' pds_2_p, pds_f4_p, pds_f5b_p. '''Menstrual Cycle:''' menstrualcycle1_p, menstrualcycle2_p, menstrualcycle2_p_dk, menstrualcycle3_p, menstrualcycle4_p, menstrualcycle5_p, menstrualcycle6_p '''Other:''' pubertal_sex_p, pds_1_p, pds_3_p, pds_f6_p, pds_f6_p_dk |'''Male:''' Sum of pds_2_p, pds_m5_p, and pds_m4_p. Prepubertal: 3; early pubertal: 4 or 5 (no responses of "3" to any item); midpubertal: 6-8 (no "4"s); late pubertal: 9-11; postpubertal (12). Subscale score variables are pds_p_ss_male_category and pds_p_ss_male_category_2 (latter specifies sex assigned at birth). '''Female:''' Sum of pds_2_p and pds_f4_p, in addition to pds_f5b_p (yes/no for menstruation). Prepubertal: 2 + no menstruation; early puberty: 3 + no menstruation; midpubertal: >3 + no menstruation; late puberty: ≤7 + menstruation; postpubertal: 8 + menstruation. Subscale score variables are pds_p_ss_female_category and pds_p_ss_female_category_2 (latter specifies sex assigned at birth). |N/A |- |Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children<ref>Bruni, O., Ottaviano, S., Guidetti, V., Romoli, M., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F., & Giannotti, F. (1996). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. ''Journal of sleep research'', ''5''(4), 251–261.</ref><ref>Ferreira, V. R., Carvalho, L. B., Ruotolo, F., de Morais, J. F., Prado, L. B., & Prado, G. F. (2009). Sleep disturbance scale for children: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation. ''Sleep medicine'', ''10''(4), 457–463.</ref> |Physical Health |Sleep |Parent |'''Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (DIMS):''' sleepdisturb1_p, sleepdisturb2_p, sleepdisturb3_p, sleepdisturb4_p, sleepdisturb5_p, sleepdisturb10_p, sleepdisturb11_p '''Sleep Breathing Disorders (SBD):''' sleepdisturb13_p, sleepdisturb14_p, sleepdisturb15_p '''Disorder of Arousal (DA):''' sleepdisturb17_p, sleepdisturb20_p, sleepdisturb21_p '''Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders (SWTD):''' sleepdisturb6_p, sleepdisturb7_p, sleepdisturb8_p, sleepdisturb12_p, sleepdisturb18_p, sleepdisturb19_p '''Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (DOES):''' sleepdisturb22_p, sleepdisturb23_p, sleepdisturb24_p, sleepdisturb25_p, sleepdisturb26_p '''Sleep Hyperhydrosis (SHY):''' sleepdisturb9_p, sleepdisturb16_p |All subscale scores are sums. '''DIMS:''' sds_p_ss_dims; '''SBD:''' sds_p_ss_sbd; '''DA:''' sds_p_ss_da; '''SWTD:''' sds_p_ss_swtd; '''DOES:''' sds_p_ss_does; '''SHY:''' sds_p_ss_shy. |Total score is equal to the sum of all subscale scores. '''sds_p_ss_total''' |- | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Youth)<ref name=":16">Potter, A., Dube, S., Allgaier, N., Loso, H., Ivanova, M., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Chaarani, B., Dumas, J., Feldstein-Ewing, S., Freedman, E. G., Garavan, H., Hoffman, E., McGlade, E., Robin, L., & Johns, M. M. (2021). Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''62''(2), 171–179.</ref><ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Reed, E., Salazar, M., Behar, A. I., Agah, N., Silverman, J. G., Minnis, A. M., Rusch, M., & Raj, A. (2019). Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''75'', 53–62.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Youth |'''Male Gender:''' gish_m1_y, gish_m2_y, gish_m3_y, gish_m4_y. '''Female Gender:''' gish_f1_y, gish_f2_y, gish_f3_y, gish_f4_y. '''Other:''' y_gish2_desc_fem, y_gish2_desc_fem_self, y_gish2_desc_male, y_gish2_desc_male_self, kbi_sex_assigned_at_birth, kbi_gender, kbi_y_trans_id, kbi_y_trans_prob |Both subscale scores are averages. '''Male Gender:''' gish_y_ss_m_avg '''Female Gender:''' gish_y_ss_f_avg |N/A |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref>Potter, A. S., Dube, S. L., Barrios, L. C., Bookheimer, S., Espinoza, A., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Freedman, E. G., Hoffman, E. A., Ivanova, M., Jefferys, H., McGlade, E. C., Tapert, S. F., & Johns, M. M. (2022). Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. ''Developmental cognitive neuroscience'', ''53'', 101057. </ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref><ref>Windle, M., Grunbaum, J. A., Elliott, M., Tortolero, S. R., Berry, S., Gilliland, J., Kanouse, D. E., Parcel, G. S., Wallander, J., Kelder, S., Collins, J., Kolbe, L., & Schuster, M. (2004). Healthy passages. A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health. ''American journal of preventive medicine'', ''27''(2), 164–172.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Different variables exist for a range of romantic and sexual experiences a child may have had, sexual orientation, interpersonal effects of this, and substance use. |N/A |N/A |- | | | | | | | |- |Gender Identity (Parent)<ref name=":16" /><ref>Johnson, L. L., Bradley, S. J., Birkenfeld-Adams, A. S., Kuksis, M. A., Maing, D. M., Mitchell, J. N., & Zucker, K. J. (2004). A parent-report gender identity questionnaire for children. ''Archives of sexual behavior'', ''33''(2), 105–116.</ref><ref>Elizabeth, P. H., & Green, R. (1984). Childhood sex-role behaviors: similarities and differences in twins. ''Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae'', ''33''(2), 173–179.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Gender |Parent |'''Male Expression:''' gish_m1_p, gish_m2_p, gish_m3_p, gish_m4_p, gish_m5_p, gish_m6_p, gish_m7_p, gish_m8_p, gish_m9_p, gish_m10_p, gish_m11_p. '''Female Expression:''' gish_f1_p, gish_f2_p, gish_f3_p, gish_f4_p, gish_f5_p, gish_f6_p, gish_f7_p, gish_f8_p, gish_f9_p, gish_f10_p, gish_f11_p. '''Male Dysphoria:''' gish_m12_p, gish_m13_p, gish_m14_p. '''Female Dysphoria:''' gish_f12_p, gish_f13_p, gish_f14_p. '''Male GIQ:''' gish_m1_p - gish_m14_p '''Female GIQ:''' gish_f1_p - gish_f14_p '''Other:''' p_gish_desc_male, p_gish_desc_male_self, p_gish_he_wish, p_gish_desc_fem, p_gish_desc_fem_self, p_gish_she_wish, demo_sex_v2, demo_gender_id_v2, demo_gender_id_v2_l, kbi_p_c_trans, kbi_p_c_trans_l, kbi_p_c_trans_problems, kbi_p_c_trans_problems_l |All subscale scores are averages. '''Male Expression:''' gish_p_ss_m_exp_avg; '''Female Expression:''' gish_p_ss_f_exp_avg; '''Male Dysphoria:''' gish_p_ss_m_dys_avg; '''Female Dysphoria:''' gish_p_ss_f_dys_avg; '''Male GIQ:''' gish_p_ss_m_avg, '''Feamle GIQ:''' gish_p_ss_f_avg. |N/A |- |Sexual Behavior/Health<ref name=":16" /><ref>Wylie, S. A., Corliss, H. L., Boulanger, V., Prokop, L. A., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Socially assigned gender nonconformity: A brief measure for use in surveillance and investigation of health disparities. ''Sex roles'', ''63''(3-4), 264–276.</ref><ref>Sales, J. M., Milhausen, R. R., Wingood, G. M., Diclemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2008). Validation of a Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale for use in STD/HIV prevention interventions. ''Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education'', ''35''(3), 332–345.</ref> |Gender & Sexuality |Sexuality |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses caregiver's perception of their child's sexuality, interpersonal effects of this, and if the caregiver has talked with their child about sex |N/A |N/A |- | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Brief Problem Monitor Scale<ref>Achenbach, T. M. (2009). The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory, and Applications. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth |'''Attention:''' bpm_1_y, bpm_3_y, bpm_4_y, bpm_5_y, bpm_10_y, bpm_14_y '''Externalizing:''' bpm_2_y, bpm_6_y, bpm_7_y, bpm_8_y, bpm_15_y, bpm_16_y, bpm_17_y '''Internalizing:''' bpm_9_y, bpm_11_y, bpm_12_y, bpm_13_y, bpm_18_y, bpm_19_y |Raw total, mean, and sex-normed T scores exist for all subscales. '''Attention:''' bpm_y_scr_attention_r, bpm_y_scr_attention_t, bpm_y_ss_attention_mean; '''Externalizing:''' bpm_y_scr_external_r, bpm_y_scr_external_t, bpm_y_ss_external_mean; '''Internalizing:''' bpm_y_scr_internal_r, bpm_y_scr_internal_t, bpm_y_ss_internal_mean |Raw total, mean, and sex-normed T scores exist for the BPMS. '''bpm_y_scr_totalprob_r, bpm_y_scr_totalprob_t, bpm_y_ss_totalprob_mean''' |- |KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Contains variables for all possible KSADS discrete symptoms and diagnostic labels. |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Emotion Regulation Questionnaire<ref>Gross, J.J., & John, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. </ref><ref>Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children: The development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 1–9.</ref><ref>Gullone, E., & Taffe, J. (2012). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): a psychometric evaluation. Psychological assessment, ''24''(2), 409–417.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |'''Cognitive Reappraisal:''' erq_feelings_think, erq_feelings_happy, erq_feelings_less_bad '''Expressive Suppression:''' erq_feelings_self, erq_feelings_control, erq_feelings_hide |Both subscale scores are prorated sums. '''Cognitive Reappraisal:''' erq_ss_reappraisal_pr; '''Expressive Suppression:''' erq_ss_suppress_pr |N/A |- |NIH Toolbox Positive Affect Items<ref>Salsman, J. M., Butt, Z., Pilkonis, P. A., Cyranowski, J. M., Zill, N., Hendrie, H. C., Kupst, M. J., Kelly, M. A. R., Bode, R. K., Choi, S. W., Lai, J.-S. ., Griffith, J. W., Stoney, C. M., Brouwers, P., Knox, S. S., & Cella, D. (2013). Emotion assessment using the NIH Toolbox. ''Neurology'', ''80''(Issue 11, Supplement 3), S76–S86. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182872e11</nowiki> </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/positive-affect/|title=Positive Affect|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref>Gershon, R.C., Wagster, M.V., et al., 2013. NIH toolbox for assessment of neurological and behavioral function. Neurology 80 (11 Suppl. 3), S2–6.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses child's self-appraisal of positive affect. |N/A |Total score is a sum. '''poa_y_ss_sum''' |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|7-Up Mania Items]]<ref name=":9">Youngstrom, E. A., Murray, G., Johnson, S. L., & Findling, R. L. (2013). The 7 Up 7 Down Inventory: A 14-item measure of manic and depressive tendencies carved from the General Behavior Inventory. ''Psychological Assessment'', ''25''(4), 1377–1383. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033975</nowiki> </ref> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses symptoms of mania. |N/A |Total score is a sum. '''sup_y_ss_sum''' |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Youth<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Peer Experiences Questionnaire<ref>De Los Reyes, A. & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression-distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325-335.</ref><ref>Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological functioning of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 477-489.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |'''Overt Aggression:''' peq_chase_perp, peq_threat_perp, peq_hit_perp '''Overt Victimization:''' peq_chase_vic, peq_threat_vic, peq_hit_vic '''Relational Aggression:''' peq_left_out_perp, peq_invite_perp, peq_exclude_perp '''Relational Victimization:''' peq_left_out_vic, peq_invite_vic, peq_exclude_vic '''Reputational Aggression:''' peq_rumor_perp, peq_gossip_perp, peq_loser_perp '''Reputational Victimization:''' peq_rumor_vic, peq_gossip_vic, peq_loser_vic |All subscale scores are sums. '''Overt Aggression:''' peq_ss_overt_aggression; '''Overt Victimization:''' peq_ss_overt_victim; '''Relational Aggression:''' peq_ss_relational_aggs; '''Relational Victimization:''' peq_ss_relational_victim; '''Reputational Aggression:''' peq_ss_reputation_aggs; '''Reputational Victimization:''' peq_ss_reputation_victim |N/A |- |Youth Resilience Scale<ref>Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2009). Cross-cultural consultation leading to the development of a valid measure of youth resilience: The International Resilience Project. ''Studia psychologica'', ''51''(2-3), 259-268.</ref> |Mental Health |Peers |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses how many (close) friends a child has that are girls, boys, or nonbinary |N/A |N/A |- |Prodromal Psychosis Scale<ref>Karcher NR, Barch DM, Avenevoli S, Savill M, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Loewy RL. Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychotic like Experiences in Childhood. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75(8):853-861.</ref><ref>Loewy, R.L., Bearden, C.E., et al., 2005. The prodromal questionnaire (PQ): preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 79 (1), 117–125.</ref><ref>Ising, H.K., Veling, W., et al., 2012. The validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population. Schizophr. Bull. 38 (6), 1288–1296.</ref><ref>Therman, S., Lindgren, M., et al., 2014. Predicting psychosis and psychiatric hospital care among adolescent psychiatric patients with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Schizophr. Res. 158 (1–3), 7–10.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Youth |'''Experiences of Psychosis:''' prodromal_1_y ''through'' prodromal_21_y; '''Did this Experience of Psychosis Bother You:''' pps_1_bother_yn ''through'' pps_21_bother_yn. |All subscales are sums. For the "Did the Experience of Psychosis Bother You" subscale, sum variables for both "yes" and "no" responses exist and the subscale score is equal to the total number of "yes" or "no" responses. '''Experiences of Psychosis:''' pps_y_ss_number; '''Did this Experience of Psychosis Bother You:''' pps_y_ss_bother_sum, pps_y_ss_bother_n_1 |The total score is a severity score, calculated by adding up responses to all questions asking "how much did this experience [of psychosis] bother you?" (scale of 1-5; ), plus the "Did this Experience of Psychosis Bother You?" subscale score. '''pps_y_ss_severity_score''' |- |[[wikipedia:Kiddie_Schedule_for_Affective_Disorders_and_Schizophrenia|Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS)]] Background Items Survey - Youth<ref name=":6">KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''36''(7), 980–988. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021</nowiki></ref><ref name=":7">Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Perepletchikova, F., Brent, D., & Ryan, N. (2016). ''K-SADS-PL DSM-5''. <nowiki>https://pediatricbipolar.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Clinical%20tools/KSADS/KSADS_DSM_5_SCREEN_Final.pdf</nowiki> </ref><ref name=":2">Townsend, L, Kobak, K., Kearney, C., Milham, M., Andreotti, C., Escalera, J., Alexander, L., Gill, M.K., Birmaher, B., Sylvester, R., Rice, D., Deep, A., Kaufman, J. (2020).  Development of Three Web-Based Computerized Versions of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-COMP) Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview: Preliminary Validity Data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb;59(2):309-325. doi:10.1016/j.jaac. PMID: 31108163.</ref><ref name=":3">Kaufman, J., Kobak, K., Birmaher, B., & de Lacy, N. (2021). KSADS-COMP Perspectives on Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment Planning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''60''(5), 540–542.</ref> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Assesses gender identity and sexuality, and issues at home, with friends, and at school. |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems)<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Cyberbullying Questionnaire<ref>Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PMID: 24424252.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Youth |'''No subscale information available.''' Scale assesses whether a child has been a victim or perpatraitor of cyberbullying within the past year, how often this behavior occurred, and the power dynamics present in this relationship. |N/A |N/A |- |Life Events Scale - Youth<ref name=":10">Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., et al., 2001. Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 29 (2), 153–164.</ref><ref name=":15">Grant, K.E., Compas, B.E., et al., 2004. Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33 (2), 412–425.</ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Youth |'''Events:''' ple_died_y, ple_injured_y, ple_crime_y, ple_friend_y, ple_friend_injur_y, ple_financial_y, ple_sud_y, ple_ill_y, ple_injur_y, ple_argue_y, ple_job_y, ple_away_y, ple_arrest_y, ple_friend_died_y, ple_mh_y, ple_sib_y, ple_victim_y, ple_separ_y, ple_law_y, ple_school_y, ple_move_y, ple_jail_y, ple_step_y, ple_new_job_y, ple_new_sib_y, ple_foster_care_y, ple_hit_y, ple_homeless_y, ple_hospitalized_y, ple_lockdown_y, ple_shot_y, ple_suicide_y, ple_deported_y '''Mostly Good/Mostly Bad Events:''' ''A response of "1" to the following items indicates a mostly good experience, while a response of "2" indicates a mostly bad experience.'' ple_died_fu_y, ple_injured_fu_y, ple_crime_fu_y, ple_friend_fu_y, ple_friend_injur_fu_y, ple_financial_fu_y, ple_sud_fu_y, ple_ill_fu_y, ple_argue_fu_y, ple_job_fu_y, ple_away_fu_y, ple_arrest_fu_y, ple_friend_died_fu_y, ple_mh_fu_y, ple_sib_fu_y, ple_victim_fu_y, ple_separ_fu_y, ple_law_fu_y, ple_school_fu_y, ple_move_fu_y, ple_jail_fu_y, ple_step_fu_y, ple_new_job_fu_y, ple_new_sib_fu_y, ple_hit_fu_y, ple_homeless_fu_y, ple_hospitalized_fu_y, ple_lockdown_fu_y, ple_shot_fu_y, ple_deported_fu_y, ple_foster_care_fu_y, ple_injur_fu_y '''How Much Affected:''' ple_died_fu2_y, ple_injured_fu2_y, ple_crime_fu2_y, ple_friend_fu2_y, ple_friend_injur_fu2_y, ple_financial_fu2_y, ple_sud_fu2_y, ple_ill_fu2_y, ple_injur_fu2_y, ple_argue_fu2_y, ple_job_fu2_y, ple_away_fu2_y, ple_arrest_fu2_y, ple_friend_died_fu2_y, ple_mh_fu2_y, ple_sib_fu2_y, ple_victim_fu2_y, ple_separ_fu2_y, ple_law_fu2_y, ple_school_fu2_y, ple_move_fu2_y, ple_jail_fu2_y, ple_step_fu2_y, ple_new_job_fu2_y, ple_new_sib_fu2_y, ple_hit_fu2_y, ple_homeless_fu2_y, ple_hospitalized_fu2_y, ple_lockdown_fu2_y, ple_shot_fu2_y, ple_suicide_fu2_y, ple_deported_fu2_y, ple_foster_care_fu2_y |All subscale scores are sums. Variables describing mean impact of "mostly good" and "mostly bad" events also exist. '''Total Number of Events:''' ple_y_ss_total_number; '''Total Number of Good Events:''' ple_y_ss_total_good; '''Total Number of Bad Events:''' ple_y_ss_total_bad; '''How Much Affected:''' ple_y_ss_affect_sum, ple_y_ss_affected_good_sum, ple_y_ss_affected_good_mean (only includes experiences that the child said were "mostly good"), ple_y_ss_affected_bad_sum, ple_y_ss_affected_bad_mean, (only includes experiences that the child said were "mostly bad"). |N/A |- |[[Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) Scales|PhenX Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales]]<ref>Carver, C. & White, T. (1994). Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation, and affective response to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 67(2), 319-333.</ref><ref>Pagliaccio D, Luking KR, Anokhin AP, Gotlib IH, Hayden EP, Olino TM, Peng CZ, Hajcak G, Barch DM. Revising the BIS/BAS Scale to study development: Measurement invariance and normative effects of age and sex from childhood through adulthood. Psychol Assess. 2016 Apr;28(4):429-42. doi: 10.1037/pas0000186. Epub 2015 Aug 24. PMID: 26302106; PMCID: PMC4766059.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |'''BAS Drive:''' bisbas13_y, bisbas14_y, bisbas15_y, bisbas16_y '''BAS Fun Seeking:''' bisbas17_y, bisbas18_y, bisbas19_y, bisbas20_y '''BAS Reward Responsiveness:''' bisbas8_y, bisbas9_y, bisbas10_y, bisbas11_y, bisbas12_y '''BIS:''' bisbas1_y, bisbas2_y, bisbas3_y, bisbas4_y, bisbas5_y, bisbas6_y, bisbas7_y |All subscale scores are sums. Both modified and unmodified variables are included where applicable (see notes for more information) '''BAS Drive:''' bis_y_ss_basm_drive''',''' bis_y_ss_bas_drive; '''BAS Fun Seeking:''' bis_y_ss_bas_fs; '''BAS Reward Responsiveness:''' bis_y_ss_basm_rr, bis_y_ss_bas_rr; '''BIS:''' bis_y_ss_bis_sum, bis_y_ss_bism_sum |N/A |- |Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior (UPPS-P) for Children - Short Form (ABCD Version)<ref>Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. ''Personality and Individual Differences, 30''(4), 669-689. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7</ref><ref>Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. ''Psychological Assessment, 19''(1), 107–118. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.107</nowiki></ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Youth |'''Negative Urgency:''' upps7_y, upps11_y, upps17_y, upps20_y '''Lack of Planning:''' upps6_y, upps16_y, upps23_y, upps28_y '''Sensation Seeking:''' upps12_y, upps18_y, upps21_y, upps27_y '''Positive Urgency:''' upps35_y, upps36_y, upps37_y, upps39_y '''Lack of Perseverance:''' upps15_y, upps19_y, upps22_y, upps24_y |All subscale scores are sums. '''Negative Urgency:''' upps_y_ss_negative_urgency; '''Lack of Planning:''' upps_y_ss_lack_of_planning; '''Sensation Seeking:''' upps_y_ss_sensation_seeking; '''Positive Urgency:''' upps_y_ss_positive_urgency; '''Lack of Perseverance:''' upps_y_ss_lack_of_perseverance |N/A |- | | | | | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Agoraphobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Panic Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Separation Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Social Anxiety Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Specific Phobia Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Anxiety |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Autism Spectrum Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Autism Spectrum |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Behavior Checklist]]<ref name=":11">Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |'''Mean Substance Use:''' X; '''Adaptive Scale - Friends:''' X; '''Anxious/Depressed:''' X, '''Withdrawn/Depressed:''' X; '''Somatic Complaints:''' X; '''Thought Problems:''' X; '''Attention Problems:''' X; '''Aggressive Behavior:''' X; '''Rule-Breaking Behavior:''' X; '''Intrusive:''' X; '''Other Problems:''' X; '''Internalizing:''' X; '''Externalizing:''' X |Raw Score and T-Score variables exist for all subscale variables, with the exception of "''Other Problems''", which only has a variable for raw score'''. Mean Substance Use:''' abcl_scr_sub_use_r_mean, abcl_scr_sub_use_t_mean; '''Adaptive Scale - Friends:''' abcl_scr_adapt_friends_r, abcl_scr_adapt_friends_t; '''Anxious/Depressed:''' abcl_scr_prob_anxious_r, abcl_scr_prob_anxious_t; '''Withdrawn/Depressed:''' abcl_scr_prob_withdrawn_r, abcl_scr_prob_withdrawn_t; '''Somatic Complaints:''' abcl_scr_prob_somatic_r; abcl_scr_prob_somatic_t; '''Thought Problems:''' abcl_scr_prob_thought_r''',''' abcl_scr_prob_thought_t; '''Attention Problems:''' abcl_scr_prob_attention_r, abcl_scr_prob_attention_t; '''Aggressive Behavior:''' abcl_scr_prob_aggressive_r, abcl_scr_prob_aggressive_t; '''Rule-Breaking Behavior:''' abcl_scr_prob_rulebreak_r, abcl_scr_prob_rulebreak_t; '''Intrusive:''' abcl_scr_prob_intrusive_r, abcl_scr_prob_intrusive_t; '''Other Problems:''' abcl_scr_prob_other_r; '''Internalizing:''' abcl_scr_prob_internal_r, abcl_scr_prob_internal_t; '''Externalizing:''' abcl_scr_prob_external_t, abcl_scr_prob_external_r |Raw Score and T-Score variables exist for both ''Total Problems'' and ''Critical Items.'' '''Total Problems:''' abcl_scr_prob_total_r, abcl_scr_prob_total_t'''; Critical Items:''' abcl_scr_prob_critical_r, abcl_scr_prob_critical_t |- |[[wikipedia:Achenbach_System_of_Empirically_Based_Assessment|ASEBA Adult Self-Report]] (psychopathology)<ref name=":11" /> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |'''Personal Strength Adaptive Functioning Scale:''' X; '''Anxious/Depressed:''' X; '''Withdrawn:''' X; '''Somatic Complaints:''' X; '''Thought Problems:''' X; '''Attention Problems:''' X; '''Aggressive Behavior:''' X; '''Rule-Breaking Behavior:''' X; '''Intrusive:''' X; '''Internalizing:''' X; '''Externalizing:''' X; '''Depressive (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Anxiety (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Somatic Problems (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Avoidant Personality (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''AD/H (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Antisocial Personality (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Inattention (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X; '''Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (DSM-5-Oriented):''' X |Raw Score and T-Score variables exist for all subscale variables. '''Personal Strength Adaptive Functioning Scale:''' asr_scr_perstr_r, asr_scr_perstr_t; '''Anxious/Depressed:''' asr_scr_anxdep_r, asr_scr_anxdep_t; '''Withdrawn:''' asr_scr_withdrawn_r, asr_scr_withdrawn_t; '''Somatic Complaints:''' asr_scr_somatic_r, asr_scr_somatic_t; '''Thought Problems:''' asr_scr_thought_r, asr_scr_thought_t; '''Attention Problems:''' asr_scr_attention_r, asr_scr_attention_t; '''Aggressive Behavior:''' asr_scr_aggressive_r, asr_scr_aggressive_t; '''Rule-Breaking Behavior:''' asr_scr_rulebreak_r, asr_scr_rulebreak_t; '''Intrusive:''' asr_scr_intrusive_r, asr_scr_intrusive_t; '''Internalizing:''' asr_scr_internal_r, asr_scr_internal_t; '''Externalizing:''' asr_scr_external_r, asr_scr_external_t; '''Depressive (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_depress_r, asr_scr_depress_t; '''Anxiety (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_anxdisord_r, asr_scr_anxdisord_t; '''Somatic Problems (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_somaticpr_r, asr_scr_somaticpr_t; '''Avoidant Personality (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_avoidant_r, asr_scr_avoidant_t; '''AD/H (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_adhd_r, asr_scr_adhd_t; '''Antisocial Personality (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_antisocial_r, asr_scr_antisocial_t; '''Inattention (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_inattention_r, asr_scr_inattention_t; '''Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (DSM-5-Oriented):''' asr_scr_hyperactive_r; asr_scr_hyperactive_t |Raw Score and T-Score variables exist for the total score. Total Problems: '''asr_scr_totprob_r, asr_scr_totprob_t.''' |- |[[wikipedia:Child_Behavior_Checklist|Child Behavior Checklist]]<ref>Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. ''Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of mult-informant assessment.'' Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families; 2001.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent | | | |- |Family History Assessment Survey<ref>Brown SA, Brumback T, Tomlinson K, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Clark DB, Chung T, Hasler BP, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Rohlfing T, Nichols BN, Chu W, Tapert SF. The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA): A Multisite Study of Adolescent Development and Substance Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2015 Nov;76(6):895-908. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895. PMID: 26562597; PMCID: PMC4712659.</ref><ref>Rice JP, Reich T, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Fishman R, Rochberg N, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Schuckit MA, Begleiter H. Comparison of direct interview and family history diagnoses of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Aug;19(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00983.x. PMID: 7485811.</ref> |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent | | | |- |KSADS Symptoms & Diagnoses |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Eating Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Eating |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale<ref>Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., Hannan, S. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2016). Addressing psychometric limitations of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale through item modification. Journal of Personality Assessment.</ref><ref>Bunford, N., Dawson, A. E., Evans, S. W., Ray, A. R., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., DuPaul, G. J., & Allan, D. M. (2020). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD. Assessment, 27(5), 921–940.</ref> |Mental Health |Emotion |Parent | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (ADHD) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Conduct Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Externalizing |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Homicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Suicidality) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Harm |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |[[OToPS/Measures/7 Up 7 Down Inventory|General Behavior Inventory - Mania]]<ref name=":9" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Bipolar and Related Disorders) - Parent <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Depressive Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Mood |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Psychotic Disorders) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosis |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Background Items Survey - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Psychosocial |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Sleep Problems) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Sleep |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Short Social Responsiveness Scale<ref>Aldridge, F. J., Gibbs, V. M., Schmidhofer, K., & Williams, M. (2012). Investigating the clinical usefulness of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in a tertiary level, autism spectrum disorder specific assessment clinic. ''Journal of autism and developmental disorders'', ''42''(2), 294–300.</ref><ref>Constantino J. N. (2011). The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment. ''Pediatric research'', ''69''(5 Pt 2), 55R–62R.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. ''Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP'', ''21''(1), 2–11.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. ''The American journal of psychiatry'', ''157''(12), 2043–2045.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. ''Archives of general psychiatry'', ''60''(5), 524–530.</ref><ref>Constantino, J. N., Gruber, C. P., Davis, S., Hayes, S., Passanante, N., & Przybeck, T. (2004). The factor structure of autistic traits. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''45''(4), 719–726.</ref><ref>Hus, V., Bishop, S., Gotham, K., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Factors influencing scores on the social responsiveness scale. ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''54''(2), 216–224.</ref><ref>Kaat, A. J., & Farmer, C. (2017). Commentary: Lingering questions about the Social Responsiveness Scale short form. A commentary on Sturm et al. (2017). ''Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines'', ''58''(9), 1062–1064.</ref><ref>Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Screening accuracy of Level 2 autism spectrum disorder rating scales. A review of selected instruments. ''Autism : the international journal of research and practice'', ''14''(4), 263–284.</ref> |Mental Health |Social |Parent | | | |- |KSADS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) - Parent<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent |'''No subscale information available.''' |N/A |N/A |- |Life Events Scale - Parent<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":15" /> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent | | | |- |[[wikipedia:Perceived_Stress_Scale|Perceived Stress Scale]]<ref>Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396. </ref> |Mental Health |Stress |Parent | | | |- |Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire<ref>Latham MD, Dudgeon P, Yap MBH, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Schwartz OS, Ivie E, Whittle S, Allen NB. Factor Structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Assessment. 2020 Oct;27(7):1547-1561. doi: 10.1177/1073191119831789. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30788984.</ref> |Mental Health |Temperament/Personality |Parent | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Brief Problem Monitor |Mental Health |Broad Psychopathology |Teacher | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress Task (BIRD)<ref>Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., & Brown, R. A. (2003). A modified computer version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) as a laboratory-based stressor. ''The Behavior Therapist, 26''(4), 290–293.</ref><ref>Feldner, M. T., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2006). Examining the association between rumination, negative affectivity, and negative affect induced by a paced auditory serial addition task. ''Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry'', ''37''(3), 171–187.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Cash Choice Task<ref>Wulfert, E., Block, J. A., Santa Ana, E., Rodriguez, M. L., & Colsman, M. (2002). Delay of gratification: impulsive choices and problem behaviors in early and late adolescence. ''Journal of personality'', ''70''(4), 533–552.</ref><ref>Anokhin, A. P., Golosheykin, S., Grant, J. D., & Heath, A. C. (2011). Heritability of delay discounting in adolescence: a longitudinal twin study. ''Behavior genetics'', ''41''(2), 175–183.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Delay Discounting Task<ref>Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K. (2008). An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. ''Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology'', ''16''(3), 264–274.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Emotional Faces Stroop Task<ref>Başgöze, Z., Gönül, A. S., Baskak, B., & Gökçay, D. (2015). Valence-based Word-Face Stroop task reveals differential emotional interference in patients with major depression. ''Psychiatry research'', ''229''(3), 960–967.</ref><ref>Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: the contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. ''Journal of experimental psychology. General'', ''132''(1), 47–70.</ref><ref>Stroop, J.R., 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18 (6), 643–662.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Game of Dice Task<ref>Brand, M., Fujiwara, E., Borsutzky, S., Kalbe, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Decision-making deficits of Korsakoff patients in a new gambling task with explicit rules: associations with executive functions. ''Neuropsychology'', ''19''(3), 267–277.</ref><ref>Drechsler, R., Rizzo, P., & Steinhausen, H. C. (2008). Decision-making on an explicit risk-taking task in preadolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ''Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)'', ''115''(2), 201–209.</ref><ref>Duperrouzel, J. C., Hawes, S. W., Lopez-Quintero, C., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., Hayes, T., & Gonzalez, R. (2019). Adolescent cannabis use and its associations with decision-making and episodic memory: Preliminary results from a longitudinal study. ''Neuropsychology'', ''33''(5), 701–710.</ref><ref>Ross, J. M., Graziano, P., Pacheco-Colón, I., Coxe, S., & Gonzalez, R. (2016). Decision-Making Does not Moderate the Association between Cannabis Use and Body Mass Index among Adolescent Cannabis Users. ''Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS'', ''22''(9), 944–949.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Little Man Task<ref>Acker, W. (1982). “A computerized approach to psychological screening—The Bexley-Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening and The Bexley-Maudsley Category Sorting Test.” ''International Journal of Man-Machine Studies'', ''17''(3): 361-369.</ref><ref>Nixon, S. J., Prather, R. A., & Lewis, B. (2014). Sex differences in alcohol-related neurobehavioral consequences. In Edith V. Sullivan and Adolf Pfefferbaum (Eds.), Alcohol and the nervous system (Handbook of clinical neurology, 3rd series (Vol. 125)). Oxford, United Kingdom, Elsevier, pp. 253-272.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Dimensional Change Card Sort<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/dimensional-change-card-sort-test/|title=Dimensional Change Card Sort Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Flanker Inhibitory Control & Attention<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/flanker-inhibitory-control-and-attention-test-age-12/|title=Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Oral Reading Recognition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/a-dummy-iq-test/|title=Oral Reading Recognition Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Pattern Comparison Processing Speed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/pattern-comparison-processing-speed/|title=Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Sequence Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-sequence-memory-test/|title=Picture Sequence Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - Picture Vocabulary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/picture-vocabulary-test/|title=Picture Vocabulary Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12">McDonald, Skye (Ed.) (2014). Special series on the Cognition Battery of the NIH Toolbox. ''Journal of International Neuropsychological Society'', 20 (6), 487-651.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |NIH Toolbox Tasks - List Sorting Working Memory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nihtoolbox.org/test/test/|title=List Sorting Working Memory Test|website=NIH Toolbox|language=en-US|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |RAVLT Delayed Recall<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> |Neurocognition | |Youth | | | |- |Rey Auditory Verbal Leanring Task (RAVLT) <ref name=":13">Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.S., & Spreen, O. (2006) A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford University Press. New York, New York. Third Edition.</ref><ref name=":14">Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012) Neuropsychological assessment. 5th Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, NY.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Social Influence Task<ref>Knoll, L. J., Leung, J. T., Foulkes, L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2017). Age-related differences in social influence on risk perception depend on the direction of influence. ''Journal of adolescence'', ''60'', 53–63.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Stanford Mental Arithmetic Response Time Evaluation (SMARTE)<ref>Starkey, G. S., & McCandliss, B. D. (2014). The emergence of “groupitizing” in children’s numerical cognition. ''Journal of experimental child psychology'', ''126'', 120–137.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- |Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Matrix Reasoning Task<ref>Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition Manual. San Antonio,TX, Pearson.</ref><ref>Daniel, M.H., Wahlstrom, D. & Zhang, O. (2014) Equivalence of Q-interactive® and Paper Administrations of Cognitive Tasks: WISC®–V: Q-Interactive Technical Report.</ref> |Neurocognition |Tasks |Youth | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale<ref>Barkley RA (2010). Differential diagnosis of adults with ADHD: the role of executive function and self-regulation. ''J Clin Psychiatry'', 71(7), e17. doi: 10.4088/JCP.9066tx1c</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2011). ''Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS for adults)''. New York: Guilford Press.</ref><ref>Barkley RA (2012). ''Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale--Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA)'': Guilford Press.</ref> |Neurocognition |Questionnaire |Parent | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ-AB)<ref>Brown, S. A., Christiansen, B. A., & Goldman, M. S. (1987). The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. ''Journal of studies on alcohol'', ''48''(5), 483–491.</ref><ref>Greenbaum, P. E., Brown, E. C., & Friedman, R. M. (1995). Alcohol expectancies among adolescents with conduct disorder: prediction and mediation of drinking. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''20''(3), 321–333.</ref><ref>Stein, L. A., Katz, B., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Lebeau-Craven, R., & Monti, P. M. (2007). Validity and Reliability of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief. ''Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse'', ''16''(2), 115–127.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Alcohol Motives Questionnaire (PhenX)<ref>Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117−128.</ref><ref>Grant, V. V., Stewart, S. H., O’Connor, R. M., Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. J. (2007). Psychometric evaluation of the five-factor Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire–Revised in undergraduates. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''32''(11), 2611–2632.</ref><ref>Kuntsche, E., & Kuntsche, S. (2009). Development and validation of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF). Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, ''38''(6), 899–908.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Cigarette Expectancies (ASCQ)<ref>Lewis-Esquerre, J. M., Rodrigue, J. R., & Kahler, C. W. (2005). Development and validation of an adolescent smoking Consequence questionnaire. ''Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco'', ''7''(1), 81–90.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Electronic Nictotine Delivery Systems Expectancies Questionnaire<ref>Pokhrel, P., Lam, T.H., Pagano, I., Kawamoto, C.T., & Herzog, T.A. (2018). YPokhrel, P., Lam, T. H., Pagano, I., Kawamoto, C. T., & Herzog, T. A. (2018). Young adult e-cigarette use outcome expectancies: Validity of a revised scale and a short scale. ''Addictive behaviors'', ''78'', 193–199.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Motives Inventory<ref>Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Division of Nutrition). (2016). Anthropometry Procedures Manual.</ref><ref name=":24">Piper, M. E., Piasecki, T. M., Federman, E. B., Bolt, D. M., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2004). A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, ''72''(2), 139–154.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire (MEEQ-B)<ref name=":21">Torrealday, O., Stein, L. A., Barnett, N., Golembeske, C., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., & Monti, P. M. (2008). Validation of the Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire-Brief. ''Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse'', ''17''(4), 1–17.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (PhenX)<ref>Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., Hendershot, C. S., & Grossbard, J. R. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive marijuana motives questionnaire. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, ''70''(2), 279–287.</ref><ref>Simons, J., Correia, C. J., Carey, K. B., & Borsari, B. E. (1998). Validating a five-factor marijuana motives measure: Relations with use, problems, and alcohol motives. Journal of Counseling Psychology, ''45''(3), 265.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |PATH Intention to Use Alcohol, Nicotine, and Marijuana Survey <ref>Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Merritt, R. K. (1996). Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, ''15''(5), 355–361.</ref><ref>Strong, D. R., Hartman, S. J., Nodora, J., Messer, K., James, L., White, M., Portnoy, D. B., Choiniere, C. J., Vullo, G. C., & Pierce, J. (2015). Predictive Validity of the Expanded Susceptibility to Smoke Index. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, ''17''(7), 862–869.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Peer Group Deviance Survey<ref>Freedman, D., Thornton, A., Camburn, D., Alwin, D., & Young-demarco, L. (1988). The life history calendar: a technique for collecting retrospective data. Sociological methodology, ''18'', 37–68.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Peer Tolerance of Use<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Perceived Harm of Substance Use<ref name=":19">Johnston, Lloyd D.; O’Malley, P. M.; Bachman, J. G.; Schulenberg, J. E.. (2009). Monitoring the Future. National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2009. NIH Publication Number 10-7583</ref><ref name=":20">Miech, R. A.; Johnston, L. D.; O’Malley, P. M.; Bachman, J. G.; Schulenberg, J. E.. (2015). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2014. Volume 1, Secondary School Students. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research: The University of Michigan.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Reasons for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use<ref name=":24" /><ref>Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., & Yaeger, A. M. (2002). Moderators of the relation between substance use level and problems: test of a self-regulation model in middle adolescence. Journal of abnormal psychology, ''111''(1), 3–21.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Tobacco Motives Inventory<ref>Smith, S. S., Piper, M. E., Bolt, D. M., Fiore, M. C., Wetter, D. W., Cinciripini, P. M., & Baker, T. B. (2010). Development of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives. ''Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco'', ''12''(5), 489–499.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Vaping Expectancies<ref name=":21" /> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Vaping Motives<ref>Diez, S. L., Cristello, J. V., Dillon, F. R., De La Rosa, M., & Trucco, E. M. (2019). Validation of the electronic cigarette attitudes survey (ECAS) for youth. Addictive behaviors, ''91'', 216–221.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Attitude |Youth | | | |- |Alcohol Hangover Symptoms (HSS)<ref>Slutske, W. S., Piasecki, T. M., & Hunt-Carter, E. E. (2003). Development and initial validation of the Hangover Symptoms Scale: prevalence and correlates of Hangover Symptoms in college students. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, ''27''(9), 1442–1450.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Alcohol Subjective Effects (SRE; PhenX)<ref>Schuckit, M. A., Smith, T. L., & Tipp, J. E. (1997). The Self-Rating of the Effects of alcohol (SRE) form as a retrospective measure of the risk for alcoholism. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''92''(8), 979–988.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS)<ref>Allsop, D. J., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J., Fu, S., & Budney, A. J. (2011). The Cannabis Withdrawal Scale development: patterns and predictors of cannabis withdrawal and distress. Drug and alcohol dependence, ''119''(1-2), 123–129.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Drug Problem Index (DAPI)<ref name=":23">Johnson, V., & White, H. R. (1989). An investigation of factors related to intoxicated driving behaviors among youth. Journal of studies on alcohol, ''50''(4), 320–330.</ref><ref>Caldwell, P. E. (2002). Drinking levels, related problems and readiness to change in a college sample. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, ''20''(2), 1-15.</ref><ref>Kingston, J., Clarke, S., Ritchie, T., & Remington, B. (2011). Developing and validating the “composite measure of problem behaviors”. Journal of clinical psychology, ''67''(7), 736–751.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |KSADS - Alcohol/Drug Use Disorder - Youth<ref name=":3" /> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Marijuana Problem Index (MAPI)<ref name=":23" /><ref>Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Marshall, E. C., & Leyro, T. M. (2007). Marijuana use motives: A confirmatory test and evaluation among young adult marijuana users. Addictive behaviors, ''32''(12), 3122–3130.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Marijuana Subjective Effects<ref>Agrawal, A., Madden, P. A., Bucholz, K. K., Heath, A. C., & Lynskey, M. T. (2014). Initial reactions to tobacco and cannabis smoking: a twin study. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''109''(4), 663–671.</ref><ref>Agrawal, A., Madden, P. A., Martin, N. G., & Lynskey, M. T. (2013). Do early experiences with cannabis vary in cigarette smokers?. ''Drug and alcohol dependence'', ''128''(3), 255–259.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Nicotine Dependence (PATH)<ref name=":22">Pomerleau, O. F., Pomerleau, C. S., & Namenek, R. J. (1998). Early experiences with tobacco among women smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers. Addiction (Abingdon, England), ''93''(4), 595–599.</ref><ref>Prokhorov, A. V., Pallonen, U. E., Fava, J. L., Ding, L., & Niaura, R. (1996). Measuring nicotine dependence among high-risk adolescent smokers. Addictive behaviors, ''21''(1), 117–127.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |Nicotine Subjective Response<ref name=":22" /><ref>Rodriguez, D., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2004). Construct validity analysis of the early smoking experience questionnaire for adolescents. Addictive behaviors, ''29''(5), 1053–1057.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |[[Evidence-based assessment/Rx4DxTx of SubstanceUse|Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI)]]<ref>White, H. R., & Labouvie, E. W. (1989). Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. Journal of studies on alcohol, ''50''(1), 30–37.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Community Risk and Protective Factors<ref name=":25">Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. Evaluation and program planning, ''30''(2), 197–211.</ref><ref name=":26">Trentacosta, C. J., Criss, M. M., Shaw, D. S., Lacourse, E., Hyde, L. W., & Dishion, T. J. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of joint trajectories of mother-son conflict and warmth during middle childhood and adolescence. Child development, ''82''(5), 1676–1690.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Youth | | | |- |Sibling Use<ref>Samek, D. R., Goodman, R. J., Riley, L., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2018). The Developmental Unfolding of Sibling Influences on Alcohol Use over Time. Journal of youth and adolescence, ''47''(2), 349–368.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Youth | | | |- |Caffeine Intake Survey - Substance Use Interview <ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18">Jackson, K. M., Barnett, N. P., Colby, S. M., & Rogers, M. L. (2015). The prospective association between sipping alcohol by the sixth grade and later substance use. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, ''76''(2), 212–221.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |ISay II Q2 Sipping Items (sip) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Low Level Marijuana Use (puff/taste) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Low Level Tobacco Use (puff) - Substance Use Interview<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Participant Last Use Survey (PLUS) (Day 1/2/3/4) - Youth<ref name=":17">Lisdahl, K. M., Sher, K. J., Conway, K. P., Gonzalez, R., Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Nixon, S. J., Tapert, S., Bartsch, H., Goldstein, R. Z., & Heitzeg, M. (2018). Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, ''32'', 80–96.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Substance Use Phone Interview<ref name=":17" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Timeline Follow-Back Survey<ref name=":17" /><ref>Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1996). Time Line Follow Back. User s Guide, Toronto. ''Addiction Research Foundation''.</ref> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Youth | | | |- |Opportunity to Use Questionnaire |Substance Use | |Youth | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |KSADS - Alcohol/Drug Use Disorder - Parent<ref name=":3" /> |Substance Use |SU Consequence |Parent | | | |- |Household Substance Use, Density, Storage & Second-Hand Exposure<ref>Bartels, K., Mayes, L. M., Dingmann, C., Bullard, K. J., Hopfer, C. J., & Binswanger, I. A. (2016). Opioid Use and Storage Patterns by Patients after Hospital Discharge following Surgery. ''PloS one'', ''11''(1), e0147972.</ref><ref>Friese, B., Grube, J. W., & Moore, R. S. (2012). How parents of adolescents store and monitor alcohol in the home. ''The journal of primary prevention'', ''33''(2-3), 79–83.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent | | | |- |Parent Rules Survey<ref>Dishion, T.J., Kavanagh, K., 2003. Intervening in Adolescent Problem Behavior: A Family-centered Approach. The Guilford Press, New York, NY.</ref><ref>Dishion, T. J., Nelson, S. E., & Kavanagh, K. (2003). The family check-up with high-risk young adolescents: Preventing early-onset substance use by parent monitoring. Behavior Therapy, ''34''(4), 553-571.</ref><ref name=":18" /><ref>Jackson, K. M., Roberts, M. E., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Abar, C. C., & Merrill, J. E. (2014). Willingness to drink as a function of peer offers and peer norms in early adolescence. ''Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs'', ''75''(3), 404–414.</ref> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent | | | |- |PhenX Community Risk and Protective Factors<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26" /> |Substance Use |SU Environment |Parent | | | |- |Participant Last Use Survey (PLUS) (Day 1/2/3/4) - Parent<ref name=":17" /> |Substance Use |Substance Use |Parent | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Wills Problem Solving Scale<ref>Wills, T. A., Ainette, M. G., Stoolmiller, M., Gibbons, F. X., & Shinar, O. (2008). Good self-control as a buffering agent for adolescent substance use: an investigation in early adolescence with time-varying covariates. ''Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors'', ''22''(4), 459–471.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Cognition |Youth | | | |- |Perceived Discrimination Scale<ref>Garnett, B. R., Masyn, K. E., Austin, S. B., Miller, M., Williams, D. R., & Viswanath, K. (2014). The intersectionality of discrimination attributes and bullying among youth: an applied latent class analysis. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(8), 1225–1239.</ref><ref>Phinney, J. S., Madden, T., & Santos, L. J. (1998). Psychological variables as predictors of perceived ethnic discrimination among minority and immigrant adolescents. ''Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28''(11), 937–953</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Neighborhood Safety/Crime Survey - Youth<ref name=":33">Mujahid, M. S., Diez Roux, A. V., Morenoff, J. D., & Raghunathan, T. (2007). Assessing the measurement properties of neighborhood scales: from psychometrics to ecometrics. ''American journal of epidemiology'', ''165''(8), 858–867.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Youth | | | |- |Mexican American Cultural Values Scale - Youth<ref>Knight, G.P., Gonzales, N.A., Saenz, D.S., Bonds, D.D., German, M., Deardorff, J., Roosav, M.W., Updegraff, K.A., 2010. The Mexican American cultural values scale for adolescents and adults. J. Early Adolesc. 30 (3), 444–481.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth | | | |- |Multi-Group Ethnic Identity - Revised - Youth<ref name=":36">Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, ''54''(3), 271-281.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth | | | |- |Native American Acculturation Survey - Youth<ref name=":37">Garrett MT, Pichette EF. Red as an apple: Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. Journal of Counseling and Development. 2000;78:3–13. </ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth | | | |- |PhenX Acculturation Survey - Youth<ref name=":28">Alegria, M., Takeuchi, D., Canino, G., Duan, N., Shrout, P., Meng, X.-L., Gong, F., et al. (2004). Considering context, place, and culture: the national Latino and Asian American study. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 13 (4), 208–22.</ref><ref name=":29">Marin, G., F. Sabogal, B. V. Marin, R. Otero-Sabogal and E. J. Perez-Stable (1987). “Development of a Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9(2): 183-205.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth | | | |- |Vancouver Index of Acculturation - Youth<ref name=":35">Ryder, A.G., Alden, L.E., Paulhus, D.L., 2000. Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 79 (1), 49–65.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Youth | | | |- |Pet Ownership<ref>Purweal, R., Christley, R., Kordas, K., Joinson, C., Meints, K., Gee, N., & Westgarth, C. (2017). Companion animals and child/adolescent development: A systematic review of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 234-259.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Youth | | | |- |PhenX [[wikipedia:Family_Environment_Scale|Family Environment Scale]] - Family Conflict - Youth<ref name=":32">Moos, R.H., Moos, B.S. (1994). Family Environment Scale Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Youth | | | |- |Acceptance Subscale from Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) - Short<ref>Schaefer, E.S., 1965. A configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. J. Consult. Psychol. 29, 552–557.</ref><ref>Schludermann, E. H., & Schludermann, S. M. (1988). Children’s Report on Parent Behavior (CRPBI-108, CRPBI-30) for older children and adolescents. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: University of Manitoba.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child development, 65(4), 1120-1136.</ref><ref>Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (1997). Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighborhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(2), 287-315</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth | | | |- |Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale<ref>Dubowitz, H., Villodas, M. T., Litrownik, A. J., Pitts, S. C., Hussey, J. M., Thompson, R., … & Runyan, D. (2011). Psychometric properties of a youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(6), 414-424.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth | | | |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref>Chilcoat, H. D., & Anthony, J. C. (1996). Impact of parent monitoring on initiation of drug use through late childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ''35''(1), 91–100.</ref><ref name=":30">Karoly, H. C., Callahan, T., Schmiege, S. J., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2015). Evaluating the Hispanic Paradox in the context of adolescent risky sexual behavior: the role of parent monitoring. Journal of pediatric psychology, 41(4), 429-440.</ref><ref name=":31">Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Child development, ''71''(4), 1072–1085.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Youth | | | |- |Peer Behavior Profile: Prosocial Peer Involvement & Delinquent Peer Involvement<ref>Bingham, C. R., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Zucker, R. A. (1995). Peer Behavior Profile/Peer Activities Questionnaire. Unpublished questionnaire. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University. East Lansing.</ref><ref>Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</ref><ref>Jessor, R., & Jessor, S.L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, Academic Press.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth | | | |- |Peer Network Health: Protective Scale<ref>Mason, M., Light, J., Campbell, L., Keyser-Marcus, L., Crewe, S., Way, T., Saunders, H., King, L., Zaharakis, N.M., & McHenry, C. (2015). Peer network counseling with urban adolescents: A randomized controlled trial with moderate substance users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 58, 16-24.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth | | | |- |Resistance to Peer Influence Scale/Questionnaire<ref>Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. ''Developmental psychology'', ''43''(6), 1531–1543.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Peers |Youth | | | |- |PhenX School Risk & Protective Factors Survey<ref>Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. ''Evaluation and program planning'', ''30''(2), 197–211.</ref><ref>Hamilton, C. M., Strader, L. C., Pratt, J. G., Maiese, D., Hendershot, T., Kwok, R. K., Hammond, J. A., Huggins, W., Jackman, D., Pan, H., Nettles, D. S., Beaty, T. H., Farrer, L. A., Kraft, P., Marazita, M. L., Ordovas, J. M., Pato, C. N., Spitz, M. R., Wagener, D., Williams, M., … Haines, J. (2011). The PhenX Toolkit: get the most from your measures. American journal of epidemiology, ''174''(3), 253–260.</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth | | | |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34">Zucker RA, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Paulus MP, Arroyo J, Fuligni A, Morris AS, Sanchez M, Wills T. Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:107-120</ref> |Culture & Environment |School |Youth | | | |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Youth<ref name=":27">Goodman, R., Meltzer, H., Bailey, V., 1998. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 7(3), 125–130.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/ |Youth | | | |- |Activity Space |Culture & Environment | |Youth | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Community Cohesion (PhenX)<ref>National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Community Survey 1994-1995.</ref><ref>PhenX Protocol - Neighborhood Collective Efficacy - Community Cohesion and Informal Social Control.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent | | | |- |PhenX Neighborhood Safety/Crime Survey - Parent<ref>Echeverria, S. E., Diez-Roux, A. V., et al. (2004) Reliability of self-reported neighborhood characteristics. J Urban Health 81(4): 682-701.</ref><ref name=":33" /> |Culture & Environment |Community |Parent | | | |- |Mexican American Cultural Values Scale<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | |- |Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Survey<ref name=":36" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | |- |Native American Acculturation Scale<ref name=":37" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | |- |PhenX Acculturation Survey - Parent<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":29" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | |- |Vancouver Index of Acculturation - Parent<ref name=":35" /> |Culture & Environment |Culture |Parent | | | |- |PhenX Family Environment Scale - Family Conflict - Parent<ref name=":32" /><ref>Sanford, K., Bingham, C.R., & Zucker, R.A. (1999). Validity Issues with the Family Environment Scale: Psychometric Resolution and Research Application with Alcoholic Families. Psychological Assessment, 11(3),315‑325.</ref> |Culture & Environment |Family |Parent | | | |- |Parental Monitoring Survey<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":31" /> |Culture & Environment |Parenting |Parent | | | |- |School Attendance of Youth & Grades<ref name=":34" /> |Culture & Environment |School |Parent | | | |- |Prosocial Behavior Survey - Parent<ref name=":27" /> |Culture & Environment |Temperament/Personality |Parent | | | |- |HOME Short Form Cognitive Stimulation<ref>Bailey, C.T. & Boykin, A.W. (2001). The role of task variability and home contextual factors in the academic performance and task motivation of African American elementary school children. ''The Journal of Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 84-95. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696285</nowiki></ref><ref>Boykin, A.W. & Cunningham, R.T. The effects of movement expressiveness in story content and learning context on the analogical reasoning performance of African American Children. ''Negro Education, 70''(1/2), 72-83. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696284</nowiki></ref><ref>Zaslow, M. J., Weinfield, N. S., Gallagher, M., Hair, E. C., Ogawa, J. R., Egeland, B., ... & De Temple, J. M. (2006). Longitudinal prediction of child outcomes from differing measures of parenting in a low-income sample. ''Developmental Psychology'', ''42''(1), 27-37. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.27</nowiki></ref> |Culture & Environment | |Parent | | | |- | | | | | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent | | | |- |Fitbit - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Actigraphy |Parent | | | |- |EARS - Post-Assessment Survey |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent | | | |- |EARS - Pre/Post-Assessment Survey (Pilot) |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent | | | |- |Parent Screen Time Questionnaire |Novel Technologies |Screen Use |Parent | | | |} == Notes - Subscale Information == * For items without subscales, a general overview of variables that suggests ways that they may be sorted was given. * The ABCD Data Dictionary should be used to view administrative (non-item) variables, precedents for validation, and to further explore total and subscale score calculation. * Item variables were copied directly from the ABCD Data Dictionary. * Subscale total variables were listed as they were provided in the Data Dictionary. A subscale without a total score variable indicates that one was not included in the Data Dictionary. * A blank in any cell indicates that measure was mentioned in the ABCD Protocol by Wave PDFs, but could not be located in the Data Dictionary. * If a scale included items that were not listed as counting toward a specific subscale score, the corresponding variables were listed under "Other Items". Administrative variables (e.g., those pertaining to administration or missing data) were not included here. * Issues with variables in ABCD Data Dictionary ** The same variables were referred to by different names when listed independently and listed for subscale calulation in the PPS and the GISH. The spelling of these item variables should be verified. ** In, the data dictionary the notes for total severity score describes the variable as being the sum of all items assessing "How much did [this experience of psychosis] bother you" plus the "Did [this experience of psychosis] bother you?" subscale score. However, the variable label includes the sum of of all items assessing "How much did [this experience of psychosis] bother you" plus the number of questions asking "Did [this experience of psychosis] bother you?" that the child answered "no" to. It should be clarified whether the total of "no" responses or the total of "yes" responses should be used. ** Both modified and unmodified variables exist for all BIS/BAS scores, with the exception of BAS Fun Seeking. It is unclear what the difference between these variables is, and both the modified and unmodified versions were included in the table. == References == j3oy2xkc4qwweunrxu3j1lx4ksov4bk 0 310380 2692038 2666708 2024-12-15T11:48:55Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2692038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Fact{{{opt|}}} |Text= {{ Factstructure|typ= |Situation= Let {{mat|term= V|pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath=K |vector space| |Context=| |pm= }} and {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} a {{ Definitionlink |linear subspace| |Context=| |pm=. }} |Condition= |Segue=Then the following hold. |Conclusion= {{ Enumeration3/a |There exist {{ Definitionlink |linear forms| |Context=| |pm= }} {{mathl|term= L_1 {{commadots|}} L_r|pm=}} on {{mat|term= V|pm=}} such that {{ Relationchain/display |U || \bigcap_{i {{=}} 1}^r {{op:Kern|L_i|}} || || || |pm=. }} |{{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} is the kernel of a linear mapping on {{mat|term= V |pm=}} to some {{mat|term= K^r |pm=.}} |Every linear subspace {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| K^n || || || |pm= }} is the solution space of a {{ Definitionlink |system of linear equations| |Context=| |pm=. }} }} |Extra= }} |Textform=Fact |Category= |Factname= }} d3fptlsrxuzee87y0g02xqz6qbhx1p9 0 312284 2692034 2672113 2024-12-15T11:19:00Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2692034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Exercise{{{opt|}}} |Text= Let {{mat|term= V |pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath=K |vector space| |Context=| |pm= }} and {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} a {{ Definitionlink |linear subspace| |Context=| |pm=. }} {{ Enumeration3/a |Show that there exist {{ Definitionlink |linear forms| |Context=| |pm= }} {{mathl|term= L_1 {{commadots|}} L_r|pm=}} on {{mat|term= V|pm=}} such that {{ Relationchain/display |U || \bigcap_{i {{=}} 1}^r {{op:Kern|L_i|}} || || || |pm=. }} |Show that {{ Relationchain | U | \substeq| V || || || |pm= }} is the kernel of a linear mapping on {{mat|term= V |pm=}} {{ Extra/Bracket |text=into some {{mat|term= K^r |pm=}} | |Ipm=|Epm=. }} |Show that every linear subspace {{ Relationchain/display | U || K^n || || || |pm= }} is the solution space of a system of linear equations. }} |Textform=Exercise |Category= |marks=8 |m1=4 |m2=2 |m3=2 }} fbm3ztuqnqwyzqoltj1oeq3v6wmg3p6 2692035 2692034 2024-12-15T11:19:20Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2692035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Exercise{{{opt|}}} |Text= Let {{mat|term= V |pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath=K |vector space| |Context=| |pm= }} and {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} a {{ Definitionlink |linear subspace| |Context=| |pm=. }} {{ Enumeration3/a |Show that there exist {{ Definitionlink |linear forms| |Context=| |pm= }} {{mathl|term= L_1 {{commadots|}} L_r|pm=}} on {{mat|term= V|pm=}} such that {{ Relationchain/display |U || \bigcap_{i {{=}} 1}^r {{op:Kern|L_i|}} || || || |pm=. }} |Show that {{ Relationchain | U | \subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} is the kernel of a linear mapping on {{mat|term= V |pm=}} {{ Extra/Bracket |text=into some {{mat|term= K^r |pm=}} | |Ipm=|Epm=. }} |Show that every linear subspace {{ Relationchain/display | U || K^n || || || |pm= }} is the solution space of a system of linear equations. }} |Textform=Exercise |Category= |marks=8 |m1=4 |m2=2 |m3=2 }} eb46s3istz7g4wjpuyd7wvn0grqpben 2692036 2692035 2024-12-15T11:20:09Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2692036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Exercise{{{opt|}}} |Text= Let {{mat|term= V |pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath=K |vector space| |Context=| |pm= }} and {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} a {{ Definitionlink |linear subspace| |Context=| |pm=. }} {{ Enumeration3/a |Show that there exist {{ Definitionlink |linear forms| |Context=| |pm= }} {{mathl|term= L_1 {{commadots|}} L_r|pm=}} on {{mat|term= V|pm=}} such that {{ Relationchain/display |U || \bigcap_{i {{=}} 1}^r {{op:Kern|L_i|}} || || || |pm=. }} |Show that {{ Relationchain | U | \subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} is the kernel of a linear mapping on {{mat|term= V |pm=}} {{ Extra/Bracket |text=into some {{mat|term= K^r |pm=}} | |Ipm=|Epm=. }} |Show that every linear subspace {{ Relationchain/display | U | \subseteq | K^n || || || |pm= }} is the solution space of a system of linear equations. }} |Textform=Exercise |Category= |marks=8 |m1=4 |m2=2 |m3=2 }} jrz7dhqfvnd3kngy3102qiqjimuail0 2692037 2692036 2024-12-15T11:20:32Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2692037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Exercise{{{opt|}}} |Text= Let {{mat|term= V |pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath=K |vector space| |Context=| |pm= }} and {{ Relationchain | U |\subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} a {{ Definitionlink |linear subspace| |Context=| |pm=. }} {{ Enumeration3/a |Show that there exist {{ Definitionlink |linear forms| |Context=| |pm= }} {{mathl|term= L_1 {{commadots|}} L_r|pm=}} on {{mat|term= V|pm=}} such that {{ Relationchain/display |U || \bigcap_{i {{=}} 1}^r {{op:Kern|L_i|}} || || || |pm=. }} |Show that {{ Relationchain | U | \subseteq| V || || || |pm= }} is the kernel of a linear mapping on {{mat|term= V |pm=}} {{ Extra/Bracket |text=into some {{mat|term= K^r |pm=}} | |Ipm=|Epm=. }} |Show that every linear subspace {{ Relationchain | U | \subseteq | K^n || || || |pm= }} is the solution space of a system of linear equations. }} |Textform=Exercise |Category= |marks=8 |m1=4 |m2=2 |m3=2 }} to5zzadd3osg0uwvvetrlpnbu1azlop 0 316595 2691951 2691424 2024-12-14T14:55:16Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Length of curve */ 2691951 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Contour integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:en:Complex analysis|Complex Analysis]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:en:Path (topology)|path]], the line or the [[w:en:Curve|curve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Animation for a line integral of first type over a scalar field]] The path integral of a continuous [[w:en:function (Mathematics)|Function]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|path]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vectors. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:en:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:en:Image (mathematics)|image set]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:en:scalar field|scalar field]] with [[w:en:Cartesian coordinate system|cartesischen coordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Visualization of a line integral of second type over Gradient vector field]] The line integral over a continuous [[w:en:Gradient vector field|gradient vector field]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:en:Scalar product|scalar product]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \gamma\, ' </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name c''urve integral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal{C} </math> parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> : : <math display="inline"> \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{C}) = \int\limits_{\mathcal{C}} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''scalar path element' or 'length element''.The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:en:Graph of a function|graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized with <math>(t,f(t)) \in \mathbb{R}^3</math>. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\gamma{\,}'(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:en:ellipse|ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:en:Eccentricity (mathematics)|numerical eccenttricity]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:en:elliptic Integral|elliptic tntegral]] due to this connection. ==Path Independency on Integral== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:en:gradient field|Gradient field]]'', i.e.'' : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:en:Derivation (differential algebra)|derivation]] of [[w:en:Function composition|function composition]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:en:Physics|Physics]], since, for example, the [[w:en:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:en:conservative force|conservative force]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potential Energy]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetic Energy]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the application of the [[w:en:Conservative_vector_field#Path_independence|Integrability condition]]. [[Image:Winding Number Around Point.svg|thumb|right|250px|This curve has winding number two around the point ''p''.]] if the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:en:Algebraic_topology#Method_of_algebraic_invariants|Algebraic Topology: Methodology]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex path integrals are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:en:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: Lehrbuch der Analysis – Teil 2. 1981, 5. Auflage, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-42222-0. p. 369, Theorem 180.1; p. 391, Theorem 184.1; p. 393, Theorem 185.1. === References === <references /> ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Topological vector space]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * Source: [[v:de:Wegintegral|Wegintegral]] - URL: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Wegintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] einpahk0pisguz0dj841zsdmubzvrdo 0 316944 2691956 2690878 2024-12-14T15:18:07Z UniBambergIslamicStudies 2987517 2691956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Bamberg Introduction to the History of Islam (BIHI) 02|2 <<<]] — [[The Bamberg Introduction to the History of Islam (BIHI) 04|>>> 4]] = 3. The Prophet of Yathrib and the New Polity (622-630) = The center of the new religion shifts to the oasis of Yathrib, with warfare taking center stage. Muḥammad and his followers engage in battles against pagan Mecca and increasingly come into conflict with the Jews of Yathrib, who are ultimately expelled from the oasis. As the leader of the nascent community, Muḥammad implements a series of legal, social, and ritual reforms. == 3.1. Maghāzī – The Military Expeditions of Muḥammad == === 3.1.1. The Provocation of the Quraysh === Arab sources consistently report that Muḥammad arrived at the oasis of Yathrib on September 24, 622, following his emigration from Mecca. Having been expelled from his hometown, he considered it justifiable to engage in conflict against his former hometown. This is clearly reflected in two Qur'anic verses, widely recognized as the earliest revelations on the subject of warfare: {{quote|Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed able to give them victory; Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah. [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/22/verse/39/print – Q 22:39f]}} The war with Mecca, which Muḥammad waged from his new base in Yathrib, began with minor pinpricks. According to the chronology of [[w:Al-Waqidi|al-Wāqidī]], who composed a detailed account of Muḥammad's military expeditions ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magh%C4%81z%C4%AB maghāzī]) in the early 9th century, Muḥammad dispatched his uncle [[w:Hamza_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib|Ḥamza]] with a group of warriors seven months after his arrival in Yathrib to intercept a Meccan trade caravan returning from Syria under the leadership of [[w:Amr_ibn_Hisham|Abū Jahl]]. However, no combat occurred because a man from the [[w:Juhaynah|Juhaynah]] tribe, allied with both sides, intervened. During a [[w:Expedition_of_Ubaydah_ibn_al-Harith|second expedition]] in April 623, "the first arrow of Islam" was launched. The conflict with the Meccans soon disregarded traditional Arab religious norms, such as the obligation to maintain peace during the sacred months (see above [[The Bamberg Introduction to the History of Islam (BIHI) 01#1.3.3. Ancient Arabian Paganism and the Sacred Sites of Mecca|1.3.3.]]). For example, a unit commissioned by Muḥammad [[w:Raid_on_Nakhla|raided]] a Meccan caravan during the sacred month of [[w:Rajab|Rajab]] near [[w:Nakhla_(Saudi_Arabia)|Nakhla]], south of Mecca. According to tradition, this event prompted the following revelation: {{quote|They question [you] (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/2/verse/217/print – Q 2:217]}} <!-- linked German article for Maghāzī as there isn't an English one. -linked Raid on Nakhla, Nakhla_(Saudi_Arabia), and Expedition_of_Ubaydah_ibn_al-Harith articles --> From this Qur'anic verse, it is evident that the continued existence of the old religion in Mecca posed a constant temptation for Muḥammad’s followers to abandon their faith. Since many of them apparently found military combat (''qitāl'') undesirable, Muḥammad now declared it a duty (cf. Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/2/verse/216/print 2:216]) and elevated it to a religious level by designating it as ''jihād fī sabīl Allāh'' (“striving [[w:Fi_sabilillah|in the way of God]]”, as stated in the subsequent verse Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/2/verse/218/print 2:218]). This term has also been adopted into the English language in the form of [[w:Jihad|Jihad]]. [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - The Battle of Badr - The death of Abu Jahl, and the casting of the Meccan dead into dry wells (cropped).jpg|thumb|Illustration of the [[w:Battle_of_Badr|Battle of Badr]] in a Persian manuscript, early 14th century]] The first major confrontation between the Meccans and Muḥammad’s followers took place in March 624 near the site of [[w:Badr,_Saudi_Arabia|Badr]], approximately 130 kilometers southwest of Yathrib. Muḥammad had received information about a wealthy Meccan caravan returning from Syria. With 300 men, including members of the [[w:Banu_Muzaina|Muzaynah]] tribe allied with the [[w:Banu_Aws|Aws]], he set out for Badr, situated along the coastal road, to intercept the caravan. A battle ensued between Muḥammad's forces and a Meccan army of approximately 950 men, which had rushed to the caravan's aid under the command of Muḥammad’s bitter adversary Abū Jahl. Muḥammad's forces achieved an unexpected victory. The Meccans suffered between 45 and 70 fatalities, with a similar number taken prisoner. Among the fallen Meccans were several prominent figures, including Abū Jahl. In contrast, Muḥammad’s followers lost only 14 men and captured substantial spoils of war. <!-- linked city of Badr --> Following the battle, Muḥammad had some of the prisoners beheaded, including his former adversary [[w:Nadr_ibn_al-Harith|al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith]]. The [[w:Battle_of_Badr|victory at Badr]] was of immense military and religious significance for Muḥammad's followers. Apparently, however, not all of them contributed to this victory. This is evident from verses revealed after Badr, which clarify that those among the believers who “sit still” at home without a valid excuse are not equal in rank before God to the Mujāhidūn – those who engage in jihad (strive in the way of Allah) with their wealth and their lives (cf. Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/4/verse/95/print 4:95f]). <!-- -ließ Muhammad einige der Gefangenen enthaupten: "ordered the execution of several prisoners" would sound more academic and formal in English, but I translated it as "had some of the prisoners beheaded" to align with German wording. -Pickthall (and others similarly) translate the verse as “those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives”. I translated it as 'engage in jihad' to align with the German but put 'strive in the way of Allah' in parentheses. --> === 3.1.2. The Defense Against the Meccan Counterattack === The defeat at Badr dealt a severe blow to the Quraysh of Mecca. They had long been regarded as one of the most powerful tribes in Arabia, and to some extent, their commercial success relied on this reputation. Their trade depended on cooperation with many other tribes, and now, insubordination from some of these tribes was to be anticipated. It was therefore of critical importance for the Quraysh to demonstrate that they still possessed the strength to exact revenge for the wrongs they had suffered. Ten weeks after the Battle of Badr, [[w:Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb|Abū Sufyān ibn Ḥarb]], who had assumed leadership of Mecca following the battle, carried out a swift raid on Yathrib. After setting fire to two houses, however, he quickly withdrew. [[File:The Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim Army at the Battle of Uhud, from the Siyer-i Nebi, 1595.jpg|thumb|A depiction of the Battle of Uhud in a [[w:Siyer-i_Nebi|Siyer-i Nebi]] from 1594, now part of the David Collection in Copenhagen.]] In the months that followed, Abū Sufyān succeeded in recruiting 3,000 well-equipped warriors. In March 625, he advanced toward Yathrib with this force, penetrating the oasis from its northwestern corner. At Mount Uhud, a battle ensued, with the momentum shifting back and forth between the two sides for a long time. As the tide of war began to shift in favor of Muḥammad’s followers, they started gathering the spoils. This prompted a group of Muḥammad’s archers to abandon their positions to turn their attention to the spoils. On the Meccan side, [[w:Khalid_ibn_al-Walid|Khālid ibn al-Walīd]], a prominent warrior, exploited the situation to sow confusion among the ranks of Muḥammad's followers and ultimately overpower them. However, in the end, Muḥammad’s followers succeeded in regaining critical positions, causing the Meccans to withdraw without permanently eliminating their adversary, Muḥammad. For Muḥammad’s followers, the [[w:Battle_of_Uhud|Battle of Uhud]] was nevertheless a bitter disappointment: not only because they had lost 50 to 70 men, including Muḥammad’s uncle [[w:Hamza_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib|Ḥamza]], and Muḥammad himself had been injured, but also because they came to realize that divine support was not as assured as it had seemed after their victory at Badr. Several Qur’anic verses from this period affirm that those who are killed “in the way of God” are not truly dead but living (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/2/verse/154/print 2:154]), are provided for by their Lord (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/3/verse/169/print 3:169]), have their sins forgiven (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/3/verse/157/print 3:157]), and are admitted directly into Paradise (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/3/verse/195/print 3:195]). <!-- Q 3:165-168: is said to deal with the reason as to why they lost at Uhud. --> The conflict between Muḥammad and the Meccans was by no means concluded with the Battle of Uhud. As Muḥammad continued to disrupt Meccan trade and found an increasing number of allies among the Arabian Bedouins, the Meccans felt compelled to take action against him once more. In turn, they sought to recruit a number of Bedouin tribes to their side. These alliances demonstrate that the conflict between Mecca and Yathrib had by then extended to the surrounding regions of both cities. In July 625, the [[w:Banu_Sulaym|Banū Sulaym]], a tribe allied with the Quraysh, massacred a large number of Muslims at [[w:Massacre_of_Bi%27r_Ma%27una|Biʾr Maʿūna]], located between Mecca and Yathrib. In response, Muḥammad is said to have cursed the Banū Sulaym for an entire month. This practice has been preserved in a modified form as part of the [[w:Qunut|Qunūt]], a supplication recited during the morning prayer or the nightly [[w:Witr|Witr]] prayer. <!-- linked the article on the massacre & Witr prayer -the first paragraph mentions the wrongs Quraysh has suffered, whereas this paragraph shows the ongoing reasons as to why the Quraysh felt they had to attack. Can the Medinan side also be described? My understanding is that among other things Quraysh continued to oppress Muslims who had not migrated to Medina. There are documented cases of torture and economic deprivations. Quraysh also would cut off trade relationships with tribes that supported the Muslim community and use families of migrants as leverage, no? --> At the beginning of 627, the Meccans and their allies advanced to Yathrib with a force of 10,000 men. Muḥammad, however, had a trench (''khandaq'') excavated around the less fortified areas of the oasis settlement, making it wide enough that a horse could not leap across. This move took the Meccans by such surprise that they were unable to devise an effective strategic response. What had been intended as an assault instead turned into a siege. Due to intrigues, however, the Meccan alliance collapsed after only 14 days, forcing an end to the [[w:Battle_of_the_Trench|siege of Yathrib]]. The Meccans ultimately withdrew without having achieved anything. === 3.1.3. The Military and Political Breakthrough === [[File:Dinar, Khusro II, 590, 591-628 AD, year 31 - Bode-Museum - DSC02737.JPG|thumb|Sasanian ruler [[w:Khosrow_II|Khosrow II]] (r. 590–628) depicted on a gold coin, [[w:Bode_Museum|Bode Museum]]]] The Battle of the Trench was, essentially, Muḥammad’s final defensive campaign. From that point onward, his life entered an offensive phase, marking the beginning of an era of conquests for the community he had established. To understand Muḥammad's subsequent military success, it is necessary to contextualize the political dynamics of the Middle East during that period. At the beginning of the 7th century, a prolonged conflict erupted between the [[w:Byzantine_Empire|Byzantine Empire]] and the [[w:Sasanian_Empire|Sasanian Empire]]. Between 603 and 619, Sasanian forces initially conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. In 622, however, the Byzantine emperor launched a counteroffensive. The conflict led to intense clashes in which the Sasanians suffered several defeats. It concluded in 628 with a peace treaty requiring [[w:Khosrow_II|Khosrow II]] to return all conquered territories. Subsequently, Khosrow was overthrown by his officers, initiating a period of political turmoil in the Sasanian Empire that persisted until 633. During this time, the Sasanian alliance network on the Arabian Peninsula collapsed. It was precisely during this five-year power vacuum that Muḥammad transformed his newly established state into a military and political success. <!-- Thronwirren: translated it as ‘political turmoil’. --> In the year following the [[w:Battle_of_the_Trench|Battle of the Trench]], he led several smaller military expeditions, the most significant being those against the oasis of [[w:Dumat_al-Jandal|Dumat al-Jandal]] and the [[w:Banu_Mustaliq|Muṣṭaliq tribe]], situated west of Yathrib. In March 628, accompanied by a group of believers, he set out for Mecca to perform the [[w:Umrah|ʿUmrah]] pilgrimage. The Meccans, suspecting hostile intentions, ensured that he did not approach the city. From his encampment at al-Ḥudaybiya, on the outskirts of the [[w:Haram_(site)|Ḥaram]], Muḥammad initiated negotiations with the Meccans, resulting in a [[w:Treaty_of_al-Hudaybiya|treaty]]. The treaty imposed what appeared on the surface to be humiliations, which in turn created tensions among his followers. For instance, the Meccan envoy refused to recognize him as “Muḥammad, the Messenger of God,” acknowledging him only as “Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh.” However, the terms of the agreement were of greater significance: they included a ten-year truce and a promise from the Meccans to allow Muḥammad and his followers to enter the city the following year for a three-day ʿUmrah. In return, Muḥammad refrained from performing the ʿUmrah that year and withdrew with his men to Yathrib. <!-- linked Dumat_al-Jandal, Banu_Mustaliq, and Treaty_of_al-Hudaybiya --> The Treaty of Ḥudaybiya was a triumph for the Prophet and his followers. The Qur'an reports that God sent down His [[w:Sakina|''sakīna'']] into the hearts of the believers, increasing their faith (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/48/verse/4/print 48:4], [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/48/verse/18/print 48:18]). The term sakīna originates from the Jewish concept of [[w:Shekhinah|Shekhinah]], which denotes the “presence” of God among His people. In this context, however, it also refers to a psychological state of tranquility and serenity. Following the Treaty of Ḥudaybiya, several Arabs from other regions of Arabia who had already pledged allegiance to Muḥammad previously completed their [[w:Hijrah|Hijrah]]—that is, they migrated to Yathrib—to provide military support to Muḥammad. Among them were, for example, the two Yemenis, [[w:Abu_Hurayra|Abū Hurayra]] and [[w:Abu_Musa_al-Ash%27ari|Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī]]. The following year, in March 629, Muḥammad traveled to Mecca with approximately 2,000 followers to perform the planned [[w:First_Pilgrimage|ʿUmrah]]. On this occasion, he married [[w:Maymunah_bint_al-Harith|Maymūnah]], the sister-in-law of his uncle [[w:Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib|ʿAbbās]], who at that time had assumed the leadership of the [[w:Banu_Hashim|Banū Hāshim]] in Mecca. An increasing number of Meccans began to acknowledge Muḥammad as a prophet and left the city to join him, including those who had fought against him only a short time earlier, such as Khālid ibn al-Walīd, who had been on the opposing side during the Battle of Uhud (see above [[#3.1.2. The Defense Against the Meccan Counterattack|3.1.2.]]). The Qur'an specifies a distinct procedure for women who sought to join the Muslim camp: They were to be examined, and if recognized as true believers, they were not to be sent back to the disbelievers; the Muslim community was required to reimburse the disbelievers for their dowries, after which it was permissible to marry these women (Q [https://corpuscoranicum.de/en/verse-navigator/sura/60/verse/10/print 60:10]). <!-- linked the First Pilgrimage and Maymunah bint al-Harith. -“mit etwa 2.000 Mann”: translated with “followers”, as I think you used ‘Mann’ as a figure of speech here (instead of Männer), assuming there were also women? Otherwise, it would be translated as “2000 men”. --> In the course of 629, Muḥammad oversaw additional military campaigns. In September, he [[w:Battle_of_Mu%27tah|dispatched]] his former slave and adopted son, [[w:Zayd_ibn_Haritha_al-Kalbi|Zayd ibn Ḥāritha]], with an army to [[w:Mu%27tah|Muʿtah]], in present-day Jordan, east of the southern tip of the Dead Sea. A series of events then unfolded, ultimately leading to the peaceful capitulation of Mecca. Muḥammad married [[w:Umm_Habiba|Umm Ḥabība]], the daughter of [[w:Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb|Abū Sufyān]], who had embraced Islam years earlier and whose Muslim husband had passed away. Shortly thereafter, a clan of the [[w:Banu_Khuza%27ah|Khuzāʿah]] tribe, which had allied with Muḥammad after Ḥudaybiya, was attacked by a clan of the [[w:Kinana|Kināna tribe]], who were allied with the Meccans. Under duress, the Khuzāʿah clan appealed to Muḥammad, who regarded the Treaty of Ḥudaybiya as breached due to this incident. <!-- linked Mu'tah, Battle of Mu'tah, and Umm Habiba --> To avoid a military confrontation, Abū Sufyān traveled to Yathrib under the pretext of visiting his daughter and conducted negotiations with Muḥammad. Although the exact course of the subsequent events remains unclear, it is certain that gifts were exchanged between Muḥammad and Abū Sufyān following the latter's return to Mecca. In the matter itself, however, Muḥammad was unwilling to make any concessions and gave the command to prepare for a campaign to [[w:Conquest_of_Mecca|capture Mecca]]. With an army of approximately 10,000 men, comprising not only his followers from Mecca and Yathrib but also fighters from neighboring tribes such as the [[w:Banu_Sulaym|Banū Sulaym]] and [[w:Banu_Muzaina|Muzayna]], he marched toward Mecca. Abū Sufyān met him on the way and engaged in negotiations. In return for his conversion to Islam, he was granted a guarantee of safety for all Meccan residents who refrained from armed resistance. These extensive assurances resulted in Muḥammad's army facing only minimal resistance as they advanced into the city from multiple directions in January 630. In Arabic sources, the conquest of Mecca is referred to as ''fatḥ'', “opening”, serving as an archetype for subsequent Muslim conquests ([[w:Futuh|futūḥ]]) of cities and lands under Muḥammad's successors. Separate texts and works were later dedicated to documenting these events. <!-- linked the Conquest of Mecca -Kontaktgespräche: translated as negotiations. --> [[Category:Islamic Studies]] t87tpm1e3bygb8lj9t23k02pw9gzwie 0 316963 2691928 2691923 2024-12-14T12:59:18Z RockTransport 2992610 Completed the word 2691928 wikitext text/x-wiki Food tests are tests for different biological molecules (food groups). Examples of food groups include protein, carbohydrates and starch. Different types of solutions, such as iodine, benedict's solution, and biuret are used to test for products in certain food groups. This will go through three stages, explaining how to conduct your food tests step by step in a dedicated section. == Testing for Starch (experiment) == Iodine is used to test for starch in food products. This test involves different types of foods, which include pasta, biscuits, crisps, cereal hoops, salt, mustard powder and sugar, though any types of food (such as sweet sprinkles and condiments) will work in this experiment to test for starch in these products. === Preparations: === Before conducting '''any''' biology or science experiment, make sure to define your dependent, independent and control variables before testing. === Safety Precautions: === Iodine is very toxic to aquatic life and it is harmful to humans in large quantities, so take these precautions into account before conducting this experiment. Make sure you do not eat the food while it is being experimented on, because this may ruin the results of the experiment and may be harmful. === Conducting the Experiment: === [[File:Iodine food tests.jpg|thumb|Ingredients used to conduct a food test with iodine]] Make sure you have prepared all of the required foods and the iodine before conducting this experiment to test for starch. Start by taking the food and adding a small amount of iodine to one of the foods. Notice how the food product changes colours to either brown or orange. What does this Continue the experiment with the other foods. What do these findings show? Make sure to record these results on a piece of paper. === Conclusion: === The findings show that if foods have starch in them, the iodine turns black, while if they do not have starch in them, they will go orange. What are you able to learn from this experiment? What does this show? Can you further elaborate on this? == Testing for Sugar == Benedict's solution is used to test for glucose (sugar) in food products, unlike iodine which tests for starch. === Equipment and Preparations: === For this experiment you will require a Bunsen burner, benedict's solution, a beaker, water ,a tripod, a gauze, test tubes and a wide variety of food products. As mentioned in the first experiment, make sure to define your dependent, independent and your control variables. === Safety Precautions: === Benedict's solution is an irritant to the body, so be careful before putting it into certain objects. Bunsen burners also pose a hazard, due to it posing a risk of burning certain objects, so make sure to keep it away from parts of the body. === Conducting the Experiment: === Before you conduct the experiment, make sure you have set up your resources., as these will be important for the experiment. Start by putting the Benedict's solution in the test tubes, making sure you put an equal amount into each, allowing it to be a fair test. hwi3usclszx8d6n6gh9oq0q3es126nx 2692024 2691928 2024-12-15T02:35:52Z Atcovi 276019 uncategorized 2692024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized}} Food tests are tests for different biological molecules (food groups). Examples of food groups include protein, carbohydrates and starch. Different types of solutions, such as iodine, benedict's solution, and biuret are used to test for products in certain food groups. This will go through three stages, explaining how to conduct your food tests step by step in a dedicated section. == Testing for Starch (experiment) == Iodine is used to test for starch in food products. This test involves different types of foods, which include pasta, biscuits, crisps, cereal hoops, salt, mustard powder and sugar, though any types of food (such as sweet sprinkles and condiments) will work in this experiment to test for starch in these products. === Preparations: === Before conducting '''any''' biology or science experiment, make sure to define your dependent, independent and control variables before testing. === Safety Precautions: === Iodine is very toxic to aquatic life and it is harmful to humans in large quantities, so take these precautions into account before conducting this experiment. Make sure you do not eat the food while it is being experimented on, because this may ruin the results of the experiment and may be harmful. === Conducting the Experiment: === [[File:Iodine food tests.jpg|thumb|Ingredients used to conduct a food test with iodine]] Make sure you have prepared all of the required foods and the iodine before conducting this experiment to test for starch. Start by taking the food and adding a small amount of iodine to one of the foods. Notice how the food product changes colours to either brown or orange. What does this Continue the experiment with the other foods. What do these findings show? Make sure to record these results on a piece of paper. === Conclusion: === The findings show that if foods have starch in them, the iodine turns black, while if they do not have starch in them, they will go orange. What are you able to learn from this experiment? What does this show? Can you further elaborate on this? == Testing for Sugar == Benedict's solution is used to test for glucose (sugar) in food products, unlike iodine which tests for starch. === Equipment and Preparations: === For this experiment you will require a Bunsen burner, benedict's solution, a beaker, water ,a tripod, a gauze, test tubes and a wide variety of food products. As mentioned in the first experiment, make sure to define your dependent, independent and your control variables. === Safety Precautions: === Benedict's solution is an irritant to the body, so be careful before putting it into certain objects. Bunsen burners also pose a hazard, due to it posing a risk of burning certain objects, so make sure to keep it away from parts of the body. === Conducting the Experiment: === Before you conduct the experiment, make sure you have set up your resources., as these will be important for the experiment. Start by putting the Benedict's solution in the test tubes, making sure you put an equal amount into each, allowing it to be a fair test. 6b53gnjy1pxj5bf21awjezdak63qkju 2 316975 2691929 2691049 2024-12-14T13:00:31Z RockTransport 2992610 2691929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User British Citizen}} {{user language|en|N}}{{User Christian}}{{user language|id|4}} {{user language|fr|2}} {{user language|zh|1}} [[File:Permit To Travel machine at Salfords station.jpg|alt=PERTIS machine|thumb|A photo of mine]] Hello there! I am a school student currently living in the United Kingdom, in London. I have helped out on other Wikimedia projects such as Wikivoyage and Wikimedia Commons, and I hope to make good learning resources for everyone here to enjoy, which is my main goal here. I have always been interested in transportation, mainly trains and mechanisms. I have also enjoyed helping out on: Wikivoyage(my main home wiki) Wikimedia Commons Wikiversity (this website) Please also make sure to ask any questions on my talk page, or if you just want to chat about certain topics. Have a great day! :) === Pages that I am currently working on: === [[Basic Scratch Coding]] [[Food Tests]] ayautu1adjqntvqnyp639yhi0v474go 2691932 2691929 2024-12-14T13:26:03Z RockTransport 2992610 2691932 wikitext text/x-wiki == Userboxes== {{User British Citizen}} {{user language|en|N}} {{user language|id|4}} {{user language|fr|2}} {{user language|zh|1}} ==Main Section== Hello there! I am a school student currently living in the United Kingdom, in London. I have helped out on other Wikimedia projects such as Wikivoyage and Wikimedia Commons, and I hope to make good learning resources for everyone here to enjoy, which is my main goal here. [[File:Permit To Travel machine at Salfords station.jpg|alt=PERTIS machine|thumb|A photo of mine]] I have always been interested in transportation, mainly trains and mechanisms. I have also enjoyed helping out on: Wikivoyage(my main home wiki) Wikimedia Commons Wikiversity (this website) Please also make sure to ask any questions on my talk page, or if you just want to chat about certain topics. Have a great day! :) === Pages that I am currently working on: === [[Basic Scratch Coding]] [[Food Tests]] s7sz4dhpiemkekdp55qk3sglykbk5ob 2692027 2691932 2024-12-15T09:16:40Z RockTransport 2992610 2692027 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{userboxtop}} {{User Male}} {{User Christian}} {{User Wikivoyage}} {{User Wikiversity}} {{userboxbottom}} ==Main Section== Hello there! I am a school student currently living in the United Kingdom, in London. I have helped out on other Wikimedia projects such as Wikivoyage and Wikimedia Commons, and I hope to make good learning resources for everyone here to enjoy, which is my main goal here. [[File:Permit To Travel machine at Salfords station.jpg|alt=PERTIS machine|thumb|A photo of mine]] I have always been interested in transportation, mainly trains and mechanisms. I have also enjoyed helping out on: Wikivoyage(my main home wiki) Wikimedia Commons Wikiversity (this website) Please also make sure to ask any questions on my talk page, or if you just want to chat about certain topics. Have a great day! :) === Pages that I am currently working on: === [[Basic Scratch Coding]] [[Food Tests]] q200qvhie57wu89fkgdk4z1mwh1tzh3 2692028 2692027 2024-12-15T09:21:48Z RockTransport 2992610 2692028 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{userboxtop}} {{User Male}} {{User Christian}} {{User Wikivoyage}} {{User Wikiversity}} {{User British}} {{userboxbottom}} ==Main Section== Hello there! I am a school student currently living in the United Kingdom, in London. I have helped out on other Wikimedia projects such as Wikivoyage and Wikimedia Commons, and I hope to make good learning resources for everyone here to enjoy, which is my main goal here. [[File:Permit To Travel machine at Salfords station.jpg|alt=PERTIS machine|thumb|A photo of mine]] I have always been interested in transportation, mainly trains and mechanisms. I have also enjoyed helping out on: Wikivoyage(my main home wiki) Wikimedia Commons Wikiversity (this website) Please also make sure to ask any questions on my talk page, or if you just want to chat about certain topics. Have a great day! :) === Pages that I am currently working on: === [[Basic Scratch Coding]] [[Food Tests]] 4jl86medu7hfg8n0jeei6ek9ddyonr1 0 317039 2691942 2691316 2024-12-14T14:36:40Z RockTransport 2992610 2691942 wikitext text/x-wiki Coding is very important in many aspects of life, so this Wikiversity course is designed to bring the key concepts of Scratch coding, which includes discussing key principles and creating Scratch programs, to light. These projects can then be optionally published on the Scratch website or on the internet. This course is designed for people of all ages, so anyone is welcome to join with this course. This course will currently go through four programs, with more programs coming in the future: === Scratch Account: === You will not require a Scratch account to complete this course, but if you do have a Scratch account, you can also complete this course with no problems, with the online editor.[[File:Scratch Logo.svg|thumb|This course involves Scratch, which is a free programming language.]] === Topics: === [[/Hello World/]] [[/Two-Player Pong/]] [[/Maths Quiz/]] [[/Clicker Game/]] These projects will be rigorously explained and easy to follow, so the basics will be explained clearly and will allow you, by the end of this course, to apply basic skills whenever creating projects with Scratch and further projects, which is vital when using '''any''' programming language. === Links and Applications Required === For accessing Scratch, visit: https://scratch.mit.edu and press the "Create" button which will create a fresh, new project for you to work on. Alternatively, you may also download the offline editor from: https://scratch.mit.edu/download, which will not require an internet connection. [[Category:Basic Scratch Coding]] 6pp7dkmdweql1a9v0bq7wx3fzb7w14i 0 317055 2692026 2691318 2024-12-15T09:11:47Z RockTransport 2992610 /* Conclusion */ Added some more information 2692026 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello World is a way of getting used to many programming languages, such as Python and HTML. In Scratch, however, this is conveyed by the use of sprites (characters), which can be programmed to say and think certain things. In this subcourse, we will use this technique in Scratch, with the use of “say blocks”, which are used to make a character say something (in this case Hello World) in a speech bubble. == Starting Up Scratch == To start up scratch, first open your offline editor or the online editor at https://scratch.mit.edu, and press the “Create” tab on the top of the website, which will automatically create a fresh, new project for you to work on. If you are using the offline editor, open up your app, which will create a project for you straight away. This might take longer on some systems, though. == Setting Up Your Sprites == For this project, you will only need the basic Scratch cat, which will be there whenever you start up a new project on Scratch. Alternatively, you may also pick a sprite, which can be found by hovering over to the button which has a cat and a plus symbol as a symbol, and then pressing any of the options shown above, depending on what you want to do. There are four options when it comes to adding sprites: [[File:ScratchImportaSprite.png|thumb|This is the tab where you can do the functions listed to the left]] # Surprise – a random sprite which the algorithm chooses from all sprites on the platform. # Choose a Sprite – an option which allows you to choose a sprite from Scratch’s library # Paint – an option which allows you to create a sprite using the in-built editor of Scratch # Upload a Sprite – an option which allows you to upload your own sprites from your computer You can use any of these options for your sprite, or stick to the basic Scratch cat. == Creating the Project == You will only require 2 blocks for this simple project, which are the “When green flag clicked” and the “say (text)” blocks, which are in the “Looks” and “Events” tabs respectively. (If you are on Scratch 1.4, the green flag block will be in the “Control” tab.). You only need to combine these two blocks to create this simple program. To do this, click on your current sprite and put the say block underneath it. Next, change the text from “Hello!” to “Hello World!” which will change the text. What does this show? I == Troubleshooting == [[File:Scratch3-helloworld.svg|thumb]] Compare your project to the one seen in the image. Are there any problems? Try and troubleshoot them and see where you went wrong. (If you are using the "think blocks", this will not apply.) == Conclusion == What have you learned from here? Can you apply this project in other programming languages? How would you refine it so you can make it more original? Will you add any more actions? Take some time to think about these questions slowly. Also, take some time to experiment with the code and make it however you want. [[Category:Basic Scratch Coding]] 1t44zqb8cj0bwtqpi8suhhfxhsgdsqi 0 317063 2692025 2690728 2024-12-15T02:53:54Z A.O Mapping 2970106 2692025 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == On December 7, 2023, the city of Piracicaba, in southeastern Brazil, experienced a sudden and intense meteorological event characterized by a downdraft outbreak, which led to the formation of at least one significant microburst. This microburst struck the Industrial Village with wind gusts exceeding 100 km/h. This study provides a detailed analysis of this microburst, examining its formation, impact, and the resultant damage within the affected areas. By reviewing meteorological data and field observations, the study aims to contribute to a better understanding of microburst dynamics and their implications for urban areas. == Introduction == At midday of December 7, 2023, Piracicaba was abruptly thrust into the spotlight of a severe weather phenomena. The city was struck by a sudden and vigorous downdraft outbreak, an atmospheric disturbance that ignited the formation of at least one notable microburst. This localized wind event was distinguished by its intense and destructive nature, with the Industrial Village, Rezende Village, Algodoal and Monumento Garden neighborhoods bearing the brunt of this weather phenomena, which unleashed wind gusts that surpassed 100 km/h. Microbursts, though brief in duration, can have devastating effects on local environments due to their concentrated, high-speed winds. This study delves into the specifics of the microburst observed in Piracicaba, aiming to dissect the underlying meteorological conditions that facilitated their occurrence, assess the impact on the affected regions, and draw conclusions that could aid in forecasting. == Causes == In 2023, Piracicaba experienced the influence of a strong El Niño event, which was a significant driver of the year's weather patterns. This climatic phenomenon contributed to an unusually high number of notable storms throughout the year, particularly in October. On September 27, 2023, the city had already witnessed a powerful microburst in its East Region, characterized by wind gusts reaching 100 km/h. This early event foreshadowed the intensity of subsequent weather disturbances. By early December, Piracicaba was enveloped by a persistent heat and humid air mass. This, combined with the intermittent arrival of cold fronts, created conditions conducive to convective rainfall, a hallmark of summer weather in the region. These conditions persisted throughout the month, setting the stage for a heightened level of atmospheric instability. On December 7, the atmospheric instability peaked, surpassing that of any other day in the month. This pronounced instability, coupled with the pre-existing warm and humid conditions, culminated in the development of many cumulonimbi through the state of São Paulo. One caused a severe downdraft outbreak that triggered the formation of the microbursts affecting the city. == Formation == The formation of the microbursts on December 7, 2023, was triggered by the interaction between a cold front's instability area and the persistent hot air mass that had settled over Piracicaba. As the cold front approached, it clashed with the warmer, more humid air in the region, creating an environment ripe for severe atmospheric instability. The day began with clear skies, giving no immediate indication of the impending storm. However, by 9:50 A.M., significant vertical cloud development was observed as the warm air was rapidly lifted into the cooler upper atmosphere. This marked the initial stages of convection, with towering cumulonimbus clouds quickly forming. By 11:00 A.M., the storm system responsible for the downdrafts was fully developed, with the massive cumulonimbus clouds already advancing toward the city. The intense vertical development within these clouds set the stage for the powerful downdrafts that would soon produce the destructive microburst in the Industrial Village of Piracicaba. == Impact == The microburst event on December 7, 2023, caused significant but localized damage in Piracicaba. The most severe impacts were observed in the Industrial Village and the Algodoal neighborhood, where wind gusts in excess of 100 km/h were recorded. At least 16 trees were uprooted, with three of them falling directly onto parked cars, causing substantial damage. The high winds ripped off the ceiling of a local gas station, which was subsequently carried away by the wind. Additionally, numerous residential buildings in the area sustained damage, with some homes having the roofs of their front torn off. The total economic damage from the event was estimated to exceed 10,000 BRL, though this figure is likely a conservative estimate given the localized nature of the destruction. The widespread disruption caused by the storm included power outages and blocked roads. Although the damage was not catastrophic on a city-wide scale, its impact on the immediate area was nonetheless noteworthy. == Discussion == The microburst event in Piracicaba on December 7, 2023, exemplifies the unique risks posed by these localized severe weather phenomena. Despite their brevity, microbursts can produce winds strong enough to cause significant damage, particularly in urban environments where structures and trees are vulnerable to the sudden force of downdrafts. The damage observed in the Industrial Village highlights the importance of preparedness and resilience in urban planning. In particular, the vulnerability of buildings with flat roofs or poorly secured structures must be addressed in building codes. Additionally, the ability of trees to pose a hazard when uprooted suggests that urban forestry practices should also consider the risk of microburst events. == Conclusion == This study of the December 7, 2023, microburst in Piracicaba provides valuable insights into the dynamics of these powerful but localized weather phenomena. While the impact of this particular event was not as severe as some larger-scale storms, the damage it caused to infrastructure and the disruption it brought to the community serves as a reminder of the destructive potential of microbursts. [[Category:Meteorology]] l79f3hh1scs27v4p2plhatf26k2hh2w 0 317068 2691948 2691817 2024-12-14T14:52:20Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Cauchy's Integral Theorem */ 2691948 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == This page on the topic "Path Integral" can be displayed as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Pathintegral&author=Course:Functiontheory&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Pathintegral&coursetitle=Course:Functiontheory Wiki2Reveal Slides]'''. Individual sections are considered as slides, and changes to the slides immediately affect the content of the slides. The following subtopics are treated in detail: (1) Paths as continuous mappings from an interval <math>[a,b]</math> into the complex numbers <math>\mathbb{C}</math> over which integration is performed, (2) Derivatives of curves/paths as a prerequisite for the definition of path integrals, (3) Definition of path integrals == Learning requirements == The learning resource on the topic "Path Integral" has the following learning prerequisites, which are helpful or necessary for understanding the subsequent explanations: *Concept of[[w:en:Paths in a topological Space|Paths in a topological Space]], *Differentiability in real analysis, *Integration in real analysis. == Basic Geometric Idea of the Path Integral == The following curve <math>\gamma</math> loops around a point <math>z_0\in \mathbb{C}</math> twice. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|150px|center|Path around a point]] == Integral over an Interval == Let <math>G\subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] and <math>g\colon [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> a [[w:en:Complex function|complex-valued function]]. The function <math>g</math> is called integrable if ::<math>\operatorname{Re}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> and <math>\operatorname{Im}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>g=\operatorname{Re}(g) + i \cdot \operatorname{Im}(g)</math> are integrable functions. It is defined as :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d} x := \int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Re}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x +\mathrm{i}\int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Im}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x</math>. Thus, the integral is <math>\mathbb{C}</math>-linear. If <math>g</math> is continuous and <math>G</math> is an antiderivative of <math>g</math>, then as in the real case, :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d}x = G(b)-G(a)</math>. == Extension of the Integral Concept == The integral concept is extended through the definition of an integration path in the complex plane as follows: If <math>f\colon G\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a complex-valued function on a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] <math>G\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, and <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> is a piecewise continuously differentiable [[w:en:Path (mathematics)|path]] in <math>G</math>, then the ''path integral'' of <math>f</math> along the path <math>\gamma</math> is defined as : <math>\int\limits_\gamma f:=\int\limits_\gamma f(z),\mathrm dz:=\int\limits_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t),\mathrm dt.</math> Here, the multiplication sign refers to complex multiplication.<ref>„Curve Integral“. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Editing status: November 24, 2017, 16:22 UTC. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curve_integral&oldid=171345033 (Accessed: December 8, 2017, 14:27 UTC) </ref> == Cauchy's Integral Theorem == The central statement about path integrals of complex functions is the [[w:en:Cauchy's_integral_theorem|Cauchy Integral Theorem]]: For a [[w:en:Holomorphic function|holomorphic]] function <math>f</math>, the path integral depends only on the [[w:en:Homotopy|homotopy]] class of <math>\gamma</math>. If <math>U</math> is [[w:en:Simply_connected_space|simply connected]], then the integral depends not on <math>\gamma</math>, but only on the starting and ending points. Analogous to the real case, the ''length'' of the path <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> is defined as :<math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma):=\int\limits_a^b \left| \gamma'(t) \right| \mathrm{d}t</math>. For theoretical purposes, the following inequality, called the ''standard estimate'', is of particular interest: :<math>\left| \int_\gamma f(z) , \mathrm dz \right| \leq \mathcal{L}(\gamma)\cdot C</math>, if <math>\left| f(z) \right|\leq C</math> for all <math>z\in\gamma([0,1])</math>. As in the real case, the path integral is independent of the parametrization of the path <math>\gamma</math>, i.e., it is not strictly necessary to choose <math>[0,1]</math> as the parameter domain, as can be shown by substitution. This allows the definition of complex curve integrals by replacing the above formulas with a curve <math>\mathcal{C}</math> in <math>\mathbb{C}</math>. == Exercises == *Be <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= \sin(t)+i\cdot t^2</math>. Determine <math>\gamma'(t)</math>! *Compute the path integral <math>\int\limits_\gamma \frac{1} {z},\mathrm dz</math> for the path <math>\gamma\colon[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb{C}</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. *Calculate the length of the path <math>L(\gamma)</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. == See also == *[[w:en: Function theory (course)|Function Theory Course]] *[[w:en: Line integral|Line integral]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this learning resource as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Wegintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Wegintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal slide set]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Wegintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Wegintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal slide set]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie Course:Complex Analysis]'''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal slides]] was generated using the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. <!-- * The content of the page is based on the following material: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral] -->[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. Link to the source on Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and at [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html? 0kn9vo2ovonlzg6ivmqc0ne2dvhu3dp 2691950 2691948 2024-12-14T14:52:56Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Exercises */ 2691950 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == This page on the topic "Path Integral" can be displayed as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Pathintegral&author=Course:Functiontheory&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Pathintegral&coursetitle=Course:Functiontheory Wiki2Reveal Slides]'''. Individual sections are considered as slides, and changes to the slides immediately affect the content of the slides. The following subtopics are treated in detail: (1) Paths as continuous mappings from an interval <math>[a,b]</math> into the complex numbers <math>\mathbb{C}</math> over which integration is performed, (2) Derivatives of curves/paths as a prerequisite for the definition of path integrals, (3) Definition of path integrals == Learning requirements == The learning resource on the topic "Path Integral" has the following learning prerequisites, which are helpful or necessary for understanding the subsequent explanations: *Concept of[[w:en:Paths in a topological Space|Paths in a topological Space]], *Differentiability in real analysis, *Integration in real analysis. == Basic Geometric Idea of the Path Integral == The following curve <math>\gamma</math> loops around a point <math>z_0\in \mathbb{C}</math> twice. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|150px|center|Path around a point]] == Integral over an Interval == Let <math>G\subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] and <math>g\colon [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> a [[w:en:Complex function|complex-valued function]]. The function <math>g</math> is called integrable if ::<math>\operatorname{Re}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> and <math>\operatorname{Im}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>g=\operatorname{Re}(g) + i \cdot \operatorname{Im}(g)</math> are integrable functions. It is defined as :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d} x := \int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Re}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x +\mathrm{i}\int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Im}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x</math>. Thus, the integral is <math>\mathbb{C}</math>-linear. If <math>g</math> is continuous and <math>G</math> is an antiderivative of <math>g</math>, then as in the real case, :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d}x = G(b)-G(a)</math>. == Extension of the Integral Concept == The integral concept is extended through the definition of an integration path in the complex plane as follows: If <math>f\colon G\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a complex-valued function on a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] <math>G\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, and <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> is a piecewise continuously differentiable [[w:en:Path (mathematics)|path]] in <math>G</math>, then the ''path integral'' of <math>f</math> along the path <math>\gamma</math> is defined as : <math>\int\limits_\gamma f:=\int\limits_\gamma f(z),\mathrm dz:=\int\limits_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t),\mathrm dt.</math> Here, the multiplication sign refers to complex multiplication.<ref>„Curve Integral“. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Editing status: November 24, 2017, 16:22 UTC. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curve_integral&oldid=171345033 (Accessed: December 8, 2017, 14:27 UTC) </ref> == Cauchy's Integral Theorem == The central statement about path integrals of complex functions is the [[w:en:Cauchy's_integral_theorem|Cauchy Integral Theorem]]: For a [[w:en:Holomorphic function|holomorphic]] function <math>f</math>, the path integral depends only on the [[w:en:Homotopy|homotopy]] class of <math>\gamma</math>. If <math>U</math> is [[w:en:Simply_connected_space|simply connected]], then the integral depends not on <math>\gamma</math>, but only on the starting and ending points. Analogous to the real case, the ''length'' of the path <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> is defined as :<math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma):=\int\limits_a^b \left| \gamma'(t) \right| \mathrm{d}t</math>. For theoretical purposes, the following inequality, called the ''standard estimate'', is of particular interest: :<math>\left| \int_\gamma f(z) , \mathrm dz \right| \leq \mathcal{L}(\gamma)\cdot C</math>, if <math>\left| f(z) \right|\leq C</math> for all <math>z\in\gamma([0,1])</math>. As in the real case, the path integral is independent of the parametrization of the path <math>\gamma</math>, i.e., it is not strictly necessary to choose <math>[0,1]</math> as the parameter domain, as can be shown by substitution. This allows the definition of complex curve integrals by replacing the above formulas with a curve <math>\mathcal{C}</math> in <math>\mathbb{C}</math>. == Exercises == *Be <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= \sin(t)+i\cdot t^2</math>. Determine <math>\gamma'(t)</math>! *Compute the path integral <math>\int\limits_\gamma \frac{1} {z},\mathrm dz</math> for the path <math>\gamma\colon[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb{C}</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. *Calculate the length of the path <math>\mathcal(\gamma)</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. == See also == *[[w:en: Function theory (course)|Function Theory Course]] *[[w:en: Line integral|Line integral]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this learning resource as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Wegintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Wegintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal slide set]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Wegintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Wegintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal slide set]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie Course:Complex Analysis]'''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal slides]] was generated using the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. <!-- * The content of the page is based on the following material: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral] -->[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. Link to the source on Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and at [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html? oz7dc2z983a3czr3n588ckurdknt0ux 2691952 2691950 2024-12-14T14:56:55Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page Information */ 2691952 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == This page on the topic "Path Integral" can be displayed as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Pathintegral&author=Course:Functiontheory&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Pathintegral&coursetitle=Course:Functiontheory Wiki2Reveal Slides]'''. Individual sections are considered as slides, and changes to the slides immediately affect the content of the slides. The following subtopics are treated in detail: (1) Paths as continuous mappings from an interval <math>[a,b]</math> into the complex numbers <math>\mathbb{C}</math> over which integration is performed, (2) Derivatives of curves/paths as a prerequisite for the definition of path integrals, (3) Definition of path integrals == Learning requirements == The learning resource on the topic "Path Integral" has the following learning prerequisites, which are helpful or necessary for understanding the subsequent explanations: *Concept of[[w:en:Paths in a topological Space|Paths in a topological Space]], *Differentiability in real analysis, *Integration in real analysis. == Basic Geometric Idea of the Path Integral == The following curve <math>\gamma</math> loops around a point <math>z_0\in \mathbb{C}</math> twice. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|150px|center|Path around a point]] == Integral over an Interval == Let <math>G\subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] and <math>g\colon [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> a [[w:en:Complex function|complex-valued function]]. The function <math>g</math> is called integrable if ::<math>\operatorname{Re}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> and <math>\operatorname{Im}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>g=\operatorname{Re}(g) + i \cdot \operatorname{Im}(g)</math> are integrable functions. It is defined as :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d} x := \int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Re}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x +\mathrm{i}\int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Im}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x</math>. Thus, the integral is <math>\mathbb{C}</math>-linear. If <math>g</math> is continuous and <math>G</math> is an antiderivative of <math>g</math>, then as in the real case, :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d}x = G(b)-G(a)</math>. == Extension of the Integral Concept == The integral concept is extended through the definition of an integration path in the complex plane as follows: If <math>f\colon G\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a complex-valued function on a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] <math>G\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, and <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> is a piecewise continuously differentiable [[w:en:Path (mathematics)|path]] in <math>G</math>, then the ''path integral'' of <math>f</math> along the path <math>\gamma</math> is defined as : <math>\int\limits_\gamma f:=\int\limits_\gamma f(z),\mathrm dz:=\int\limits_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t),\mathrm dt.</math> Here, the multiplication sign refers to complex multiplication.<ref>„Curve Integral“. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Editing status: November 24, 2017, 16:22 UTC. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curve_integral&oldid=171345033 (Accessed: December 8, 2017, 14:27 UTC) </ref> == Cauchy's Integral Theorem == The central statement about path integrals of complex functions is the [[w:en:Cauchy's_integral_theorem|Cauchy Integral Theorem]]: For a [[w:en:Holomorphic function|holomorphic]] function <math>f</math>, the path integral depends only on the [[w:en:Homotopy|homotopy]] class of <math>\gamma</math>. If <math>U</math> is [[w:en:Simply_connected_space|simply connected]], then the integral depends not on <math>\gamma</math>, but only on the starting and ending points. Analogous to the real case, the ''length'' of the path <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> is defined as :<math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma):=\int\limits_a^b \left| \gamma'(t) \right| \mathrm{d}t</math>. For theoretical purposes, the following inequality, called the ''standard estimate'', is of particular interest: :<math>\left| \int_\gamma f(z) , \mathrm dz \right| \leq \mathcal{L}(\gamma)\cdot C</math>, if <math>\left| f(z) \right|\leq C</math> for all <math>z\in\gamma([0,1])</math>. As in the real case, the path integral is independent of the parametrization of the path <math>\gamma</math>, i.e., it is not strictly necessary to choose <math>[0,1]</math> as the parameter domain, as can be shown by substitution. This allows the definition of complex curve integrals by replacing the above formulas with a curve <math>\mathcal{C}</math> in <math>\mathbb{C}</math>. == Exercises == *Be <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= \sin(t)+i\cdot t^2</math>. Determine <math>\gamma'(t)</math>! *Compute the path integral <math>\int\limits_\gamma \frac{1} {z},\mathrm dz</math> for the path <math>\gamma\colon[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb{C}</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. *Calculate the length of the path <math>\mathcal(\gamma)</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. == See also == *[[w:en: Function theory (course)|Function Theory Course]] *[[w:en: Line integral|Line integral]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * Source: [[v:de:Wegintegral|Wegintegral]] - URL: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Wegintegral]]</noinclude> saqztwyh7andmvna0ocf1xw0mrnv3vs 2691953 2691952 2024-12-14T14:58:05Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page Information */ 2691953 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == This page on the topic "Path Integral" can be displayed as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Pathintegral&author=Course:Functiontheory&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Pathintegral&coursetitle=Course:Functiontheory Wiki2Reveal Slides]'''. Individual sections are considered as slides, and changes to the slides immediately affect the content of the slides. The following subtopics are treated in detail: (1) Paths as continuous mappings from an interval <math>[a,b]</math> into the complex numbers <math>\mathbb{C}</math> over which integration is performed, (2) Derivatives of curves/paths as a prerequisite for the definition of path integrals, (3) Definition of path integrals == Learning requirements == The learning resource on the topic "Path Integral" has the following learning prerequisites, which are helpful or necessary for understanding the subsequent explanations: *Concept of[[w:en:Paths in a topological Space|Paths in a topological Space]], *Differentiability in real analysis, *Integration in real analysis. == Basic Geometric Idea of the Path Integral == The following curve <math>\gamma</math> loops around a point <math>z_0\in \mathbb{C}</math> twice. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|150px|center|Path around a point]] == Integral over an Interval == Let <math>G\subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] and <math>g\colon [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> a [[w:en:Complex function|complex-valued function]]. The function <math>g</math> is called integrable if ::<math>\operatorname{Re}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> and <math>\operatorname{Im}(g):G \to\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>g=\operatorname{Re}(g) + i \cdot \operatorname{Im}(g)</math> are integrable functions. It is defined as :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d} x := \int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Re}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x +\mathrm{i}\int\limits_a^b\operatorname{Im}(g)(x)\mathrm{d}x</math>. Thus, the integral is <math>\mathbb{C}</math>-linear. If <math>g</math> is continuous and <math>G</math> is an antiderivative of <math>g</math>, then as in the real case, :<math>\int\limits_a^b g(x)\mathrm{d}x = G(b)-G(a)</math>. == Extension of the Integral Concept == The integral concept is extended through the definition of an integration path in the complex plane as follows: If <math>f\colon G\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a complex-valued function on a [[w:en:Domain (mathematics)|domain]] <math>G\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, and <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> is a piecewise continuously differentiable [[w:en:Path (mathematics)|path]] in <math>G</math>, then the ''path integral'' of <math>f</math> along the path <math>\gamma</math> is defined as : <math>\int\limits_\gamma f:=\int\limits_\gamma f(z),\mathrm dz:=\int\limits_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t),\mathrm dt.</math> Here, the multiplication sign refers to complex multiplication.<ref>„Curve Integral“. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Editing status: November 24, 2017, 16:22 UTC. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curve_integral&oldid=171345033 (Accessed: December 8, 2017, 14:27 UTC) </ref> == Cauchy's Integral Theorem == The central statement about path integrals of complex functions is the [[w:en:Cauchy's_integral_theorem|Cauchy Integral Theorem]]: For a [[w:en:Holomorphic function|holomorphic]] function <math>f</math>, the path integral depends only on the [[w:en:Homotopy|homotopy]] class of <math>\gamma</math>. If <math>U</math> is [[w:en:Simply_connected_space|simply connected]], then the integral depends not on <math>\gamma</math>, but only on the starting and ending points. Analogous to the real case, the ''length'' of the path <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> is defined as :<math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma):=\int\limits_a^b \left| \gamma'(t) \right| \mathrm{d}t</math>. For theoretical purposes, the following inequality, called the ''standard estimate'', is of particular interest: :<math>\left| \int_\gamma f(z) , \mathrm dz \right| \leq \mathcal{L}(\gamma)\cdot C</math>, if <math>\left| f(z) \right|\leq C</math> for all <math>z\in\gamma([0,1])</math>. As in the real case, the path integral is independent of the parametrization of the path <math>\gamma</math>, i.e., it is not strictly necessary to choose <math>[0,1]</math> as the parameter domain, as can be shown by substitution. This allows the definition of complex curve integrals by replacing the above formulas with a curve <math>\mathcal{C}</math> in <math>\mathbb{C}</math>. == Exercises == *Be <math>\gamma\colon[a,b]\to G</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= \sin(t)+i\cdot t^2</math>. Determine <math>\gamma'(t)</math>! *Compute the path integral <math>\int\limits_\gamma \frac{1} {z},\mathrm dz</math> for the path <math>\gamma\colon[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb{C}</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. *Calculate the length of the path <math>\mathcal(\gamma)</math> with <math>t\mapsto \gamma(t)= r\cdot e^{i\cdot t}</math>. == See also == *[[w:en: Function theory (course)|Function Theory Course]] *[[w:en: Line integral|Line integral]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Path%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Path%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Path%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Path%20integral&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Path%20integral&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * Source: [[v:de:Wegintegral|Wegintegral]] - URL: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wegintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Wegintegral]]</noinclude> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] bfs5shbkeggv3i2k4h5542iplm6jq3l 0 317156 2691935 2691621 2024-12-14T14:18:18Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2691935 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for Piecewise Continuous Functions == Let <math>f:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be piecewise continuous. Then, the following holds:<ref>Funktionentheorie, Fischer, W., Lieb, W. (1988) Vieweg, p. 37</ref> :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t), dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | , dt </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen&author=Kurs:Funktionalanalysis&language=de&audioslide=yes Wiki2Reveal slide set]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionalanalysis Course:Functional Analysis]'''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal slides]] was generated using the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. The content of the page is based on the following material: ** [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen] The page was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. Link to the source on Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and at [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Functional Analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen</noinclude> 7gwedr54h1jqgr1apra5o7bu92qe9wy 2691936 2691935 2024-12-14T14:18:45Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2691936 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for Piecewise Continuous Functions == Let <math>f:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be piecewise continuous. Then, the following holds:<ref>Funktionentheorie, Fischer, W., Lieb, W. (1988) Vieweg, p. 37</ref> :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t), dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | , dt </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen&author=Kurs:Funktionalanalysis&language=de&audioslide=yes Wiki2Reveal slide set]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionalanalysis Course:Functional Analysis]'''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal slides]] was generated using the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. The content of the page is based on the following material: ** [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen] The page was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. Link to the source on Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and at [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal link generator]. [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Functional Analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> 73l8rrr9z0mng827fs233c6hydbnxun 2691937 2691936 2024-12-14T14:20:20Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2691937 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for Piecewise Continuous Functions == Let <math>f:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be piecewise continuous. Then, the following holds:<ref>Funktionentheorie, Fischer, W., Lieb, W. (1988) Vieweg, p. 37</ref> :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t), dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | , dt </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Functional Analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> i9c1uxmnv3ftvco6yg4q9yo11yxohfa 2691941 2691937 2024-12-14T14:34:07Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Inequality for Piecewise Continuous Functions */ 2691941 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for the Sum of Real and Imaginary Parts - IRI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>f_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>f_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>f=f_1+i\cdot f_2</math>, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f_1(t) | \, dt +\int_{a}^{b} | f_2(t) | \, dt </math> === Learning Task - IRI === Prove the IRI inequality. The proof is done by decomposing into real part function and imaginary part function, linearity of the integral, and applying the triangle inequality. == Inequality for the Absolute Value in the Integrand - AVI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Proof - AVI == The proof is done by a case distinction with: * '''(AVI-1)''' <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math> * '''(AVI-2)'''<math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \not= 0</math> === Case - (AVI-1) === Since <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math>, we have <math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0</math>. Since <math>| f(t) | \geq 0 </math>, we have <math> \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \geq 0 </math> and we obtain: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0 \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> === Case - (AVI-2) === The integral <math> \beta = \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{C} </math> is a complex number with <math> \beta \not= 0 </math>, for which we have with <math>| \beta | = \sqrt{\beta\cdot \overline{\beta} }</math>: :<math> | \beta | = \frac{| \beta |^2}{|\beta|} = \frac{ \beta \cdot \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} = \underbrace{ \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} }_{\alpha := } \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \beta </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 1 ==== Since <math>\beta\not= 0</math>, we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> | \beta | = \alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 3 ==== Let <math>g := \alpha \cdot f</math> and <math> g:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>g_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>g_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>g=g_1+i\cdot g_2</math>, then we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \int_{a}^{b} g(t)\, dt \bigg) & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} + i \cdot \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_2(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) \\ & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt \\ &=& \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re}(g_1(t))\, dt \\ \end{array} </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 4 ==== Since <math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{R} </math> holds, we have by the above calculation from Step 3 for the real part: :<math> | \beta | = \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 5 ==== The following real part estimate against the absolute value of a complex number <math>z</math> :<math> \mathfrak{Re}(z) = z_1 \leq |z_1| = \sqrt{z_1^2} \leq \sqrt{z_1^2+z_2^2} = |z| </math> for <math> z=z_1+i\cdot z_2 </math> is now applied to the integrand of the above integral <math> \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} </math>. ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 6 ==== The following estimate is obtained analogously to Step 5 by the linearity of the integral :<math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) \, dt \leq \int_{a}^{b} \left| \alpha \cdot f(t) \right| \, dt = | \alpha| \cdot\int_{a}^{b} \left| f(t) \right| \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 7 ==== Since <math> | \alpha| = \left| \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{ | \beta | } \right| = \frac{ |\overline{\beta} | }{ | \beta | } = 1 </math> holds, we have in total the desired estimate: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \leq |\alpha| \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt = \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Inequality - Length of Integration Path == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an integration path and <math>f:U\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (i.e. <math>Spur(\gamma):=\{\gamma(t) \, : \, t \in [a,b]\}\subset U</math>). Then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot \mathcal{L} (\gamma) </math> where <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math> is the length of the integral. === Proof === By using the above estimate for the absolute value of the integrand <math>\left| f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |</math> and the UG-BI inequality, we obtain: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle \left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| & \stackrel{AVI}{\leq} & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \right| \cdot \left| \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt \\ & \leq & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |}_{M :=} \cdot |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz = M \cdot \int_{\gamma} |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz \\ & = & \displaystyle M \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \\ \end{array} </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Functional Analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> 6dklk77buw1sdfzxhvhy58y6fra5ycv 2691943 2691941 2024-12-14T14:50:11Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Inequality - Length of Integration Path */ 2691943 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for the Sum of Real and Imaginary Parts - IRI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>f_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>f_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>f=f_1+i\cdot f_2</math>, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f_1(t) | \, dt +\int_{a}^{b} | f_2(t) | \, dt </math> === Learning Task - IRI === Prove the IRI inequality. The proof is done by decomposing into real part function and imaginary part function, linearity of the integral, and applying the triangle inequality. == Inequality for the Absolute Value in the Integrand - AVI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Proof - AVI == The proof is done by a case distinction with: * '''(AVI-1)''' <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math> * '''(AVI-2)'''<math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \not= 0</math> === Case - (AVI-1) === Since <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math>, we have <math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0</math>. Since <math>| f(t) | \geq 0 </math>, we have <math> \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \geq 0 </math> and we obtain: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0 \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> === Case - (AVI-2) === The integral <math> \beta = \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{C} </math> is a complex number with <math> \beta \not= 0 </math>, for which we have with <math>| \beta | = \sqrt{\beta\cdot \overline{\beta} }</math>: :<math> | \beta | = \frac{| \beta |^2}{|\beta|} = \frac{ \beta \cdot \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} = \underbrace{ \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} }_{\alpha := } \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \beta </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 1 ==== Since <math>\beta\not= 0</math>, we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> | \beta | = \alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 3 ==== Let <math>g := \alpha \cdot f</math> and <math> g:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>g_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>g_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>g=g_1+i\cdot g_2</math>, then we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \int_{a}^{b} g(t)\, dt \bigg) & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} + i \cdot \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_2(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) \\ & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt \\ &=& \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re}(g_1(t))\, dt \\ \end{array} </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 4 ==== Since <math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{R} </math> holds, we have by the above calculation from Step 3 for the real part: :<math> | \beta | = \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 5 ==== The following real part estimate against the absolute value of a complex number <math>z</math> :<math> \mathfrak{Re}(z) = z_1 \leq |z_1| = \sqrt{z_1^2} \leq \sqrt{z_1^2+z_2^2} = |z| </math> for <math> z=z_1+i\cdot z_2 </math> is now applied to the integrand of the above integral <math> \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} </math>. ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 6 ==== The following estimate is obtained analogously to Step 5 by the linearity of the integral :<math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) \, dt \leq \int_{a}^{b} \left| \alpha \cdot f(t) \right| \, dt = | \alpha| \cdot\int_{a}^{b} \left| f(t) \right| \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 7 ==== Since <math> | \alpha| = \left| \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{ | \beta | } \right| = \frac{ |\overline{\beta} | }{ | \beta | } = 1 </math> holds, we have in total the desired estimate: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \leq |\alpha| \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt = \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Inequality - Length of Integration Path - LIP == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an integration path and <math>f:U\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (i.e. <math>Spur(\gamma):=\{\gamma(t) \, : \, t \in [a,b]\}\subset U</math>). Then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot \mathcal{L} (\gamma) </math> where <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math> is the length of the integral. === Proof - LIP === By using the above estimate for the absolute value of the integrand <math>\left| f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |</math> and the UG-BI inequality, we obtain: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle \left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| & \stackrel{AVI}{\leq} & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \right| \cdot \left| \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt \\ & \leq & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |}_{M :=} \cdot |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz = M \cdot \int_{\gamma} |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz \\ & = & \displaystyle M \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \\ \end{array} </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Functional Analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> 55zfbat76qsdt906sz0s2ikwrpeb87i 2691944 2691943 2024-12-14T14:50:30Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 removed [[Category:Functional Analysis]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 2691944 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for the Sum of Real and Imaginary Parts - IRI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>f_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>f_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>f=f_1+i\cdot f_2</math>, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f_1(t) | \, dt +\int_{a}^{b} | f_2(t) | \, dt </math> === Learning Task - IRI === Prove the IRI inequality. The proof is done by decomposing into real part function and imaginary part function, linearity of the integral, and applying the triangle inequality. == Inequality for the Absolute Value in the Integrand - AVI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Proof - AVI == The proof is done by a case distinction with: * '''(AVI-1)''' <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math> * '''(AVI-2)'''<math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \not= 0</math> === Case - (AVI-1) === Since <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math>, we have <math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0</math>. Since <math>| f(t) | \geq 0 </math>, we have <math> \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \geq 0 </math> and we obtain: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0 \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> === Case - (AVI-2) === The integral <math> \beta = \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{C} </math> is a complex number with <math> \beta \not= 0 </math>, for which we have with <math>| \beta | = \sqrt{\beta\cdot \overline{\beta} }</math>: :<math> | \beta | = \frac{| \beta |^2}{|\beta|} = \frac{ \beta \cdot \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} = \underbrace{ \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} }_{\alpha := } \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \beta </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 1 ==== Since <math>\beta\not= 0</math>, we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> | \beta | = \alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 3 ==== Let <math>g := \alpha \cdot f</math> and <math> g:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>g_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>g_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>g=g_1+i\cdot g_2</math>, then we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \int_{a}^{b} g(t)\, dt \bigg) & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} + i \cdot \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_2(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) \\ & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt \\ &=& \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re}(g_1(t))\, dt \\ \end{array} </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 4 ==== Since <math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{R} </math> holds, we have by the above calculation from Step 3 for the real part: :<math> | \beta | = \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 5 ==== The following real part estimate against the absolute value of a complex number <math>z</math> :<math> \mathfrak{Re}(z) = z_1 \leq |z_1| = \sqrt{z_1^2} \leq \sqrt{z_1^2+z_2^2} = |z| </math> for <math> z=z_1+i\cdot z_2 </math> is now applied to the integrand of the above integral <math> \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} </math>. ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 6 ==== The following estimate is obtained analogously to Step 5 by the linearity of the integral :<math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) \, dt \leq \int_{a}^{b} \left| \alpha \cdot f(t) \right| \, dt = | \alpha| \cdot\int_{a}^{b} \left| f(t) \right| \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 7 ==== Since <math> | \alpha| = \left| \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{ | \beta | } \right| = \frac{ |\overline{\beta} | }{ | \beta | } = 1 </math> holds, we have in total the desired estimate: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \leq |\alpha| \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt = \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Inequality - Length of Integration Path - LIP == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an integration path and <math>f:U\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (i.e. <math>Spur(\gamma):=\{\gamma(t) \, : \, t \in [a,b]\}\subset U</math>). Then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot \mathcal{L} (\gamma) </math> where <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math> is the length of the integral. === Proof - LIP === By using the above estimate for the absolute value of the integrand <math>\left| f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |</math> and the UG-BI inequality, we obtain: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle \left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| & \stackrel{AVI}{\leq} & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \right| \cdot \left| \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt \\ & \leq & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |}_{M :=} \cdot |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz = M \cdot \int_{\gamma} |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz \\ & = & \displaystyle M \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \\ \end{array} </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> 848kfw1nde9lanuz6m94jhmroc4dea0 2691945 2691944 2024-12-14T14:50:41Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 added [[Category:Complex analysis]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 2691945 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for the Sum of Real and Imaginary Parts - IRI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>f_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>f_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>f=f_1+i\cdot f_2</math>, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f_1(t) | \, dt +\int_{a}^{b} | f_2(t) | \, dt </math> === Learning Task - IRI === Prove the IRI inequality. The proof is done by decomposing into real part function and imaginary part function, linearity of the integral, and applying the triangle inequality. == Inequality for the Absolute Value in the Integrand - AVI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Proof - AVI == The proof is done by a case distinction with: * '''(AVI-1)''' <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math> * '''(AVI-2)'''<math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \not= 0</math> === Case - (AVI-1) === Since <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math>, we have <math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0</math>. Since <math>| f(t) | \geq 0 </math>, we have <math> \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \geq 0 </math> and we obtain: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0 \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> === Case - (AVI-2) === The integral <math> \beta = \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{C} </math> is a complex number with <math> \beta \not= 0 </math>, for which we have with <math>| \beta | = \sqrt{\beta\cdot \overline{\beta} }</math>: :<math> | \beta | = \frac{| \beta |^2}{|\beta|} = \frac{ \beta \cdot \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} = \underbrace{ \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} }_{\alpha := } \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \beta </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 1 ==== Since <math>\beta\not= 0</math>, we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> | \beta | = \alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 3 ==== Let <math>g := \alpha \cdot f</math> and <math> g:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>g_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>g_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>g=g_1+i\cdot g_2</math>, then we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \int_{a}^{b} g(t)\, dt \bigg) & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} + i \cdot \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_2(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) \\ & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt \\ &=& \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re}(g_1(t))\, dt \\ \end{array} </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 4 ==== Since <math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{R} </math> holds, we have by the above calculation from Step 3 for the real part: :<math> | \beta | = \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 5 ==== The following real part estimate against the absolute value of a complex number <math>z</math> :<math> \mathfrak{Re}(z) = z_1 \leq |z_1| = \sqrt{z_1^2} \leq \sqrt{z_1^2+z_2^2} = |z| </math> for <math> z=z_1+i\cdot z_2 </math> is now applied to the integrand of the above integral <math> \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} </math>. ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 6 ==== The following estimate is obtained analogously to Step 5 by the linearity of the integral :<math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) \, dt \leq \int_{a}^{b} \left| \alpha \cdot f(t) \right| \, dt = | \alpha| \cdot\int_{a}^{b} \left| f(t) \right| \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 7 ==== Since <math> | \alpha| = \left| \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{ | \beta | } \right| = \frac{ |\overline{\beta} | }{ | \beta | } = 1 </math> holds, we have in total the desired estimate: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \leq |\alpha| \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt = \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Inequality - Length of Integration Path - LIP == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an integration path and <math>f:U\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (i.e. <math>Spur(\gamma):=\{\gamma(t) \, : \, t \in [a,b]\}\subset U</math>). Then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot \mathcal{L} (\gamma) </math> where <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math> is the length of the integral. === Proof - LIP === By using the above estimate for the absolute value of the integrand <math>\left| f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |</math> and the UG-BI inequality, we obtain: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle \left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| & \stackrel{AVI}{\leq} & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \right| \cdot \left| \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt \\ & \leq & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |}_{M :=} \cdot |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz = M \cdot \int_{\gamma} |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz \\ & = & \displaystyle M \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \\ \end{array} </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Complex analysis]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> gqly9xshl9hf0ael5gny7zi50os3a71 2691946 2691945 2024-12-14T14:50:50Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 added [[Category:Integration]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 2691946 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Inequalities are an essential tool for proving central statements in function theory. Since <math>\mathbb{C}</math> does not have a [[w:en:Order_relation#Total_order|complete/total order]], one must rely on the magnitude of functions for estimations. == Inequality for the Sum of Real and Imaginary Parts - IRI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>f_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>f_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>f=f_1+i\cdot f_2</math>, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f_1(t) | \, dt +\int_{a}^{b} | f_2(t) | \, dt </math> === Learning Task - IRI === Prove the IRI inequality. The proof is done by decomposing into real part function and imaginary part function, linearity of the integral, and applying the triangle inequality. == Inequality for the Absolute Value in the Integrand - AVI == Let <math>f:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function, then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Proof - AVI == The proof is done by a case distinction with: * '''(AVI-1)''' <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math> * '''(AVI-2)'''<math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \not= 0</math> === Case - (AVI-1) === Since <math> \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = 0</math>, we have <math>\left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0</math>. Since <math>| f(t) | \geq 0 </math>, we have <math> \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \geq 0 </math> and we obtain: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = 0 \leq \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> === Case - (AVI-2) === The integral <math> \beta = \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{C} </math> is a complex number with <math> \beta \not= 0 </math>, for which we have with <math>| \beta | = \sqrt{\beta\cdot \overline{\beta} }</math>: :<math> | \beta | = \frac{| \beta |^2}{|\beta|} = \frac{ \beta \cdot \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} = \underbrace{ \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{|\beta|} }_{\alpha := } \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \beta </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 1 ==== Since <math>\beta\not= 0</math>, we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> | \beta | = \alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 3 ==== Let <math>g := \alpha \cdot f</math> and <math> g:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a piecewise continuous function with <math>g_1:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, <math>g_2:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}</math>, and <math>g=g_1+i\cdot g_2</math>, then we have by the linearity of the integral: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \int_{a}^{b} g(t)\, dt \bigg) & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} + i \cdot \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_2(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) \\ & = & \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} g_1(t)\, dt \\ &=& \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re}(g_1(t))\, dt \\ \end{array} </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 4 ==== Since <math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt \in \mathbb{R} </math> holds, we have by the above calculation from Step 3 for the real part: :<math> | \beta | = \mathfrak{Re}\bigg( \underbrace{\int_{a}^{b} \alpha \cdot f(t)\, dt}_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \bigg) = \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 5 ==== The following real part estimate against the absolute value of a complex number <math>z</math> :<math> \mathfrak{Re}(z) = z_1 \leq |z_1| = \sqrt{z_1^2} \leq \sqrt{z_1^2+z_2^2} = |z| </math> for <math> z=z_1+i\cdot z_2 </math> is now applied to the integrand of the above integral <math> \underbrace{\mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) }_{ \in \mathbb{R}} </math>. ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 6 ==== The following estimate is obtained analogously to Step 5 by the linearity of the integral :<math> | \beta | = \int_{a}^{b} \mathfrak{Re} \left( \alpha \cdot f(t) \right) \, dt \leq \int_{a}^{b} \left| \alpha \cdot f(t) \right| \, dt = | \alpha| \cdot\int_{a}^{b} \left| f(t) \right| \, dt </math> ==== Case - (AVI-2) - Step 7 ==== Since <math> | \alpha| = \left| \frac{ \overline{\beta} }{ | \beta | } \right| = \frac{ |\overline{\beta} | }{ | \beta | } = 1 </math> holds, we have in total the desired estimate: :<math> \left| \int_{a}^{b} f(t)\, dt \right| = \alpha \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt \leq |\alpha| \cdot \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt = \int_{a}^{b} | f(t) | \, dt </math> == Inequality - Length of Integration Path - LIP == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an integration path and <math>f:U\rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be a function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (i.e. <math>Spur(\gamma):=\{\gamma(t) \, : \, t \in [a,b]\}\subset U</math>). Then we have: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot \mathcal{L} (\gamma) </math> where <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math> is the length of the integral. === Proof - LIP === By using the above estimate for the absolute value of the integrand <math>\left| f(z)\, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |</math> and the UG-BI inequality, we obtain: :<math> \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle \left| \int_{\gamma} f(z)\, dz \right| & \stackrel{AVI}{\leq} & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt = \int_{a}^{b} \left| f(\gamma(t)) \right| \cdot \left| \gamma{\,}'(t) \right|\, dt \\ & \leq & \displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \underbrace{\max_{z \in Spur(\gamma)} | f(z) |}_{M :=} \cdot |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz = M \cdot \int_{\gamma} |\gamma{\,}'(t)| \, dz \\ & = & \displaystyle M \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \\ \end{array} </math> == Inequality for Estimation Over Integration Paths == Let <math>\gamma:[a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> be an [[w:Course:Functiontheory/Integration path|Integration path]] and <math>f:U \rightarrow \mathbb{C}</math> a continuous function on the trace of <math>\gamma</math> (<math>Trace(\gamma):={\gamma(t) , : , t \in [a,b]} \subset U</math>). Then, the following holds: :<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z), dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in Trace(\gamma)} | f(z) | \cdot L(\gamma) </math> Here, <math>L(\gamma)= \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| , dt</math> is the length of the integral. == See also == *[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Literature == <references/> == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Inequalities&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Inequalities&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] [[Category:Complex analysis]] [[Category:Integration]] <noinclude>[[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Ungleichungen]]</noinclude> 55enhsebevr8ved45pcydk0529et0zw 0 317167 2691955 2691517 2024-12-14T15:01:11Z OxfordLibraryArchives2 2994884 /* Notable and Historic who held the position of Vice Chancellors at CDSU */ 2691955 wikitext text/x-wiki == Post-Graduate research and Studies about the Diplomatic Relations: History, Theory, and Practice in the Modern Foreign Service Consulates and the Diplomatic Missions == === Case Studies and International Research on: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === === Description === This book provides an in-depth exploration of the principles, history, and practices of diplomatic relations. It focuses particularly on the contributions and case studies of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) and the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). The book aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for students and professionals interested in diplomacy, international relations, and consular services. {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#f0f8ff; border:1px solid #4682b4; width:100%;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#4682b4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |Table of Contents |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff; width:5%;" |**1.** | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" |**Introduction** * Definition of Diplomatic Relations |- | style="background-color:#fafad2; width:5%;" |**2.** | style="background-color:#fafad2;" |**Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU)** * Definition of Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU * Importance in International Affairs according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5; width:5%;" |**3.** | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" |**Historical Overview of Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU** * Early Diplomacy * Evolution of Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU * Key Milestones in Diplomatic History according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffe4e1; width:5%;" |**4.** | style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" |**Theoretical Foundations according to CDSU** * Realism and Diplomacy * Liberalism and Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU * Constructivist Perspectives on Diplomacy according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#e6e6fa; width:5%;" |**5.** | style="background-color:#e6e6fa;" |**Diplomatic Institutions and Structures according to CDSU** * Foreign Ministries * What are Embassies and Consulates according to CDSU? * Multilateral Diplomatic Institutions according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#f5deb3; width:5%;" |**6.** | style="background-color:#f5deb3;" |**Case Study: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU)** * Origins and Development * Mission and Objectives of CDSU * Key Achievements and Contributions of the University * Academic Programs and Training Modules of CDSU |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff; width:5%;" |**7.** | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" |**Case Study: African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) according to CDSU** * Formation and Historical Context * Structure and Functions of ADO * Major Initiatives and Programs of ADO * Impact on African Diplomatic Practices according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#fafad2; width:5%;" |**8.** | style="background-color:#fafad2;" |**Contemporary Issues in Diplomatic Relations according to CDSU** * Digital Diplomacy * Economic Diplomacy according to CDSU * Environmental Diplomacy according to CDSU * Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding according to CDSU |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5; width:5%;" |**9.** | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" |**Influential Authors and Studies in Diplomatic Relations** * Key Theorists and Practitioners * Landmark Publications * Current Research Trends |} === Areas of Concern === This book is designed for students of diplomacy, international relations, and consular services. It is particularly relevant for those studying at the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) and professionals working within the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). The content addresses various aspects of diplomatic theory and practice, historical developments, and contemporary issues in diplomacy. === Introduction === ==== Definition of Diplomatic Relations ==== Renowned scholars and professors from Harvard University and Oxford University have extensively researched and published their works on international organizations such as the United Nations, the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO), formerly known as the African Union Youth Assembly (AUYA), and the esteemed Consular & Diplomatic Services University (CDSU). These studies cover various aspects of diplomacy, consular services, international relations, and the functions of diplomatic missions and embassies. ==== Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== In the advancement and promotion of Diplomatic Relations and Foreign Service activities, the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) was founded in 2015 as a premier Foreign Service Institute in Africa by the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) to train Career Diplomats, Emerging Leaders, and young Diplomats. The University was initially affiliated with the United Nations University (UNU) and gained its autonomy under the Continental Treaty of the AUYA General Assembly. ==== Definition of Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomatic relations refer to the formal interactions between sovereign states and international organizations, encompassing negotiations, treaties, and diplomatic communication to manage international affairs and foster mutual cooperation. ==== Importance in International Affairs according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, studies from the Diplomatic students explain that diplomatic relations are crucial for maintaining global peace, security, and economic stability. They facilitate cooperation on issues such as trade, human rights, environmental protection, and conflict resolution. === Historical Overview of Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Early Diplomacy ==== According to CDSU, diplomacy dates back to ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, where envoys were sent to negotiate treaties and alliances. ==== Evolution of Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, over centuries, diplomatic practices evolved, with the establishment of permanent embassies in the Renaissance era marking a significant shift. The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) and the formation of the League of Nations (1919) further shaped modern diplomacy. ==== Key Milestones in Diplomatic History according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== * The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) * The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) * The establishment of the United Nations (1945) * The Helsinki Accords (1975) * The establishment of the World Diplomatic Organization (WDO) and the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) in 2015 * The emergence of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) in 2015 === Theoretical Foundations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Realism and Diplomacy ==== According to CDSU, realism emphasizes the pursuit of national interest and power politics. Diplomats, in this view, negotiate to maximize their country's advantage in an anarchic international system. ==== Liberalism and Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, liberalism focuses on cooperation and international institutions. It underscores the role of diplomacy in creating frameworks for peace and collaboration through organizations like the United Nations. ==== Constructivist Perspectives on Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, constructivism examines how international relations are socially constructed through ideas, norms, and identities. Diplomacy is seen as a process of constructing shared meanings and social realities. === Diplomatic Institutions and Structures according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Foreign Ministries ==== According to CDSU, foreign ministries manage a country's external relations, coordinate diplomatic activities, and represent the government in international forums. ==== Whats are Embassies and Consulates according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University's studies? ==== According to CDSU, embassies serve as the main diplomatic representation in foreign countries, handling political, economic, and cultural relations. Consulates provide consular services like visa issuance and assistance to nationals abroad. ==== Multilateral Diplomatic Institutions according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, organizations like the United Nations, NATO, and the African Union facilitate collective decision-making and international cooperation. === Case Study: Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Origins and Development ==== Established in 2015 under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2250, the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) was founded to enhance diplomatic training and academic collaboration within the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO). ==== Mission and Objectives of CDSU ==== CDSU aims to train future diplomats and leaders through rigorous academic programs and practical training modules, promoting peace, security, and international cooperation. ==== Key Achievements and Contributions of the University ==== * Hosting international diplomatic training sessions * Collaboration with global institutions like the United Nations, governments, and diplomatic missions * Developing innovative diplomatic curricula ==== Academic Programs and Training Modules of CDSU ==== * B.Sc Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette * Consular Affairs & Foreign Diplomacy * Diplomatic Administration & Practices * Diplomatic Privileges & Immunities Management * International Relations & Negotiations ==== Notable and Historic Figures Who Held the Position of Vice Chancellors at CDSU ==== {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#f5f5f5; border:2px solid #2f4f4f; width:100%; text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |# ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |Full Name ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |Nationality ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |Country ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |Year Took Office ! style="background-color:#2f4f4f; color:#ffffff;" |Year Left Office |- | style="background-color:#e0ffff;" |1 |Amb. Jailes Bruce |American |[[File:Flag_of_United_States.svg|20x20px]] |9 December 2015 |20 June 2017 |- | style="background-color:#fafad2;" |2 |Amb. Jessica Miller |British |[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|20x20px]] |20 June 2017 |30 March 2019 |- | style="background-color:#ffefd5;" |3 |Amb. Emile A. S Mensah |Ghanaian |[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|20x20px]] |30 March 2019 |5 August 2022 |- | style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" |4 |Amb. Emily Milla-Amekor |Ghanaian |[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|20x20px]] |5 August 2022 |Present |} === Case Study: African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Formation and Historical Context ==== The African Diplomatic Organization (ADO), formerly the African Union Youth Assembly (AUYA), was established to enhance diplomatic engagement and youth participation in governance across Africa. ==== Structure and Functions of ADO ==== According to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU), the ADO comprises a General Assembly, an Executive Council, and various specialized committees. It works to foster diplomatic relations and address regional issues. ==== Major Initiatives and Programs of ADO ==== * Youth leadership and empowerment programs * Peace and security initiatives * Economic development projects ==== Impact on African Diplomatic Practices according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU), the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) has played a crucial role in mediating conflicts, promoting regional integration, and advocating for African interests on the global stage. === Contemporary Issues in Diplomatic Relations according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) === ==== Digital Diplomacy ==== According CDSU, the use of digital platforms for diplomatic communication and public engagement is transforming traditional diplomacy. ==== Economic Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, economic diplomacy focuses on promoting national economic interests abroad through trade agreements, investment promotion, and economic cooperation. ==== Environmental Diplomacy according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomats work to address global environmental challenges, negotiate international agreements, and promote sustainable development. ==== Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding according to the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) ==== According to CDSU, diplomacy is essential in resolving conflicts, negotiating peace agreements, and supporting post-conflict reconstruction efforts. === Influential Authors and Studies in Diplomatic Relations === ==== Key Theorists and Practitioners ==== * Henry Kissinger: Diplomacy. * Hans Morgenthau: Politics Among Nations. * Joseph Nye: Soft Power ==== Landmark Publications ==== * "The Anarchical Society" by Hedley Bull * "After Hegemony" by Robert Keohane * "The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" by John Mearsheimer ==== Current Research Trends ==== * The impact of technology on diplomacy * The role of non-state actors in international relations * The dynamics of global power shifts === Conclusion === ==== The Future of Diplomatic Relations ==== As the global landscape evolves, diplomacy will face new challenges and opportunities. Emerging trends like multipolarity, climate change, and technological advancements will shape the future of diplomatic practices. ==== Emerging Trends and Challenges ==== * The rise of new global powers * The need for inclusive and representative diplomacy * Adapting to technological advancements in communication and data analysis === References and Further Reading === ==== Annotated Bibliography of Relevant Works ==== * Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy * Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations * Nye, Joseph. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics ==== Suggested Further Reading ==== * "The Anarchical Society" by Hedley Bull * "After Hegemony" by Robert Keohane * "The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" by John Mearsheimer == Exam: Diplomatic Relations and International Affairs == === Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) === 1. What is the primary focus of the book on diplomatic relations? * A) Economic growth * B) Social issues * C) Principles, history, and practices of diplomatic relations * D) Military strategies 2. Which organization was CDSU initially affiliated with? * A) African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) * B) NATO * C) World Health Organization * D) United Nations University (UNU) 3. According to CDSU, what are diplomatic relations primarily about? * A) Trade agreements * B) Military alliances * C) Formal interactions between sovereign states and international organizations * D) Domestic policies 4. What year was the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) founded? * A) 2010 * B) 2012 * C) 2015 * D) 2018 5. Which organization transformed into the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO)? * A) African Union Youth Assembly (AUYA) * B) United Nations Youth * C) African Development Bank * D) World Trade Organization === Section B: Short Answer Questions === 6. Explain the significance of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) in diplomatic history. 7. Describe the main objectives of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU). 8. How has the role of embassies and consulates evolved over time according to CDSU studies? 9. Discuss the impact of the African Diplomatic Organization (ADO) on African diplomatic practices. 10. What are the key components of economic diplomacy as described by CDSU? === Section C: Essay Questions === 11. Analyze the theoretical foundations of diplomacy, focusing on Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivist perspectives according to CDSU. 12. Assess the role of digital diplomacy in transforming traditional diplomatic practices. Provide examples from recent global events. 13. Compare and contrast the diplomatic training approaches of the Consular & Diplomatic Service University (CDSU) with another global institution. 14. Evaluate the major milestones in modern diplomatic history and their significance in shaping contemporary international relations. 15. Discuss the future challenges and opportunities in diplomatic relations as the global landscape evolves, with particular reference to emerging trends like climate change and technological advancements. [[Category:International relations| ]] [[Category:Introductions|Introduction to International Relations]] [[Category:Courses]] [[Category:United Nations]] cxq7meu49jam3zxoddgazwp9kwzwm7s 0 317197 2691974 2691877 2024-12-14T17:24:13Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page Information */ 2691974 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Definition== A curve in <math>\mathbb C</math> is a continuous mapping <math>\gamma \colon [a,b] \to \mathbb C</math>. The image set <center><math> \mathrm{Trace}(\gamma) := \{\gamma(t): t \in [a,b]\} </math></center> is called the "trace" of the curve. ===Properties of Curves=== * A curve is called differentiable, <math>C^k</math>, etc., if the defining mapping has these properties. *A property particularly important for the theory of [[Complex Analysis/Curve Integral|Curve Integral]] is the[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] rectifiable of a curve, rectifiable curves are curves over which integration is possible. == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Trace&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Trace&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Trace&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Trace&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis Complex Analysis]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Trace https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Trace] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Trace This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Complex%20Analysis/Trace * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Complex%20Analysis/Trace&author=Complex%20Analysis&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Trace&coursetitle=Complex%20Analysis Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] <noinclude> [[de:Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Spur]] </noinclude> ibxk5xivk7ge1qhu67e33gkzhrz36fb 0 317219 2691960 2691871 2024-12-14T16:16:01Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Connection to real integration */ 2691960 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a rectifiable path, <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. Define <math>\hat\gamma</math> by <center><math> \hat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon L(\gamma) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that lie in <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 9mh135nh5jthza4t22rp2kmfd4aewqz 2691961 2691960 2024-12-14T16:27:23Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Proof */ 2691961 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a rectifiable path, <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> \lambda \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + (1-\lambda) \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> <center><math> \hat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 2 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon L(\gamma) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that lie in <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] dsbhafnb0svj4wtq6qhjgrkgq88hvyi 2691962 2691961 2024-12-14T16:34:48Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Step 2 - Convex Combination */ 2691962 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a rectifiable path, <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda_t \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> (1-\lambda_t) \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + \lambda_t \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> ==== Step 3 - Convex Combination ==== With <math> 1-\lambda_t = \frac {t_i -t }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> and <math> \lambda_t := \frac{t -t_ {i-1} }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> the path <math> \widehat\gamma(t) </math> is defined as: <center><math> \widehat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 2 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon L(\gamma) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that lie in <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 07l3j3jgqsboint9kom544i71gcua1w 2691963 2691962 2024-12-14T16:39:28Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Step 2 - Partition of Interval */ 2691963 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a rectifiable path, <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda_t \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> (1-\lambda_t) \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + \lambda_t \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> ==== Step 3 - Convex Combination ==== With <math> 1-\lambda_t = \frac {t_i -t }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> and <math> \lambda_t := \frac{t -t_ {i-1} }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> the path <math> \widehat\gamma(t) </math> is defined as: <center><math> \widehat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 4 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that ==== Step 5 - Inequality ==== <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) = \epsilon \cdot (1+ \mathcal{L}(\gamma) ) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. ==== Step 6 - Generalization ==== If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{Spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that are a subset of <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 7oqo369g3uoniymryr4binosu8dncj3 2691964 2691963 2024-12-14T16:39:53Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Approximation by polygonal chains */ 2691964 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a [[rectifiable path]], <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda_t \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> (1-\lambda_t) \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + \lambda_t \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> ==== Step 3 - Convex Combination ==== With <math> 1-\lambda_t = \frac {t_i -t }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> and <math> \lambda_t := \frac{t -t_ {i-1} }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> the path <math> \widehat\gamma(t) </math> is defined as: <center><math> \widehat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 4 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that ==== Step 5 - Inequality ==== <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) = \epsilon \cdot (1+ \mathcal{L}(\gamma) ) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. ==== Step 6 - Generalization ==== If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{Spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that are a subset of <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 6o5yp1fvj531uvtdvgzssqsgmj8rmgm 2691966 2691964 2024-12-14T16:42:27Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page information */ 2691966 wikitext text/x-wiki The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a [[rectifiable path]], <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda_t \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> (1-\lambda_t) \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + \lambda_t \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> ==== Step 3 - Convex Combination ==== With <math> 1-\lambda_t = \frac {t_i -t }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> and <math> \lambda_t := \frac{t -t_ {i-1} }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> the path <math> \widehat\gamma(t) </math> is defined as: <center><math> \widehat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 4 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that ==== Step 5 - Inequality ==== <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) = \epsilon \cdot (1+ \mathcal{L}(\gamma) ) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. ==== Step 6 - Generalization ==== If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{Spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that are a subset of <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 0lhwe2hf490k7jch1hfwa9rw0la48d5 2691967 2691966 2024-12-14T16:43:13Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2691967 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == The complex curve integral is the function-theoretic generalization of the integral from real analysis. Instead of an interval,[[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] serves as the integration domain. The integral is taken over complex-valued functions instead of real-valued functions. == Definition - Rectifiable Curve == Let <math>\gamma\colon[a,b] \to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable curve, <math>f \colon \mathrm{{spur}}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> a mapping. <math>f</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\gamma</math> if there exists a complex number <math>I \in \mathbb C</math> such that for every <math>\epsilon > 0</math>, there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math> such that for every partition <math>a =t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of the interval <math>[a,b]</math> with <math>t_i - t_{i-1} < \delta</math> for all <math>1 \le i \le n</math>, we have <center><math> \left| I - \sum_{i=1}^n f(\gamma(t_i))\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> The complex number <math>I</math> is called the integral of <math>f</math> over <math>\gamma</math> and is denoted by <math>\int_\gamma f(z) \, dz := I</math> designated. === Integration over chains === If <math>\Gamma = \sum_{i=1}^n n_i\cdot \gamma_i</math> is a [[Complex Analysis/chain|chain]] in <math>\mathbb C</math>, then a function <math>f\colon \mathrm{Spur}(\Gamma) \to \mathbb C</math> is said to be integrable over <math>\Gamma</math> if it is integrable over each <math>\gamma_i</math>, and we set <center><math> \int_\Gamma f(z)\, dz := \sum_{i=1}^n n_i \cdot \int_{\gamma_i} f(z)\, dz </math></center> === Connection to real integration === If <math>\gamma</math> is even piecewise differentiable, then the curve integral can be reduced to an integral over the parameter domain using the Mean Value Theorem, and we have in this case <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz = \int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\cdot \gamma'(t)\, dt </math></center> where a complex-valued function is integrated over a real interval, with the real and imaginary parts calculated separately. == Example 1 == We consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = \frac 1z</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma \frac 1z \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac 1{\exp(2\pi i t)}\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \, dt\\ &= 2\pi i \end{array}</math> == Example 2 == We modify our first example slightly and consider the curve <math>\gamma\colon [0,1]\to \mathbb C</math>, <math>\gamma(t) := \exp(2\pi i t)</math>, and the function <math>f(z) = z^n</math> for <math>n\ne -1</math>. Since the curve is differentiable, we have :<math display="inline"> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\,dz &= \displaystyle\int_\gamma z^n \,dz\\ &= \displaystyle \int_0^1 \exp(2\pi i t)^n\cdot 2\pi i \cdot \exp(2\pi i t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\int_0^1 2\pi i \exp(2\pi i (n+1)t)\, dt\\ &= \displaystyle\frac 1{n+1}\exp(2\pi i(n+1) t)\bigg|_0^1\\ &= 0 \end{array}</math> === Representation of the integral === Both examples together give us <center><math>\int_\gamma z^n \, dz = 2\pi i \cdot \delta_{n,-1} </math></center> where :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \delta: & \mathbb{N} & \rightarrow & \{0 ,1 \} \\ & x & \mapsto & f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & , & n = -1\\ 0 & , & n \not = -1 \\ \end{cases} \end{array} </math> This fact plays an important role in the definition of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue|Residue]] and the proof of the [[Complex Analysis/Residue Theorem]] == Properties == === Independence of parameterization === Let <math>\gamma\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path, <math>\phi \colon [\alpha,\beta]\to [a,b] </math> a <math>C^1</math>-diffeomorphism that preserves orientation. Then <math>\gamma \circ \phi \colon [\alpha, \beta] \to \mathbb C</math> is a piecewise <math>C^1</math>-path and we have <center><math> \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz = \int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz </math></center> i.e. the value of the integral is independent of the chosen parameterization of the path. ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma \circ \phi} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))(\gamma \circ \phi)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_\alpha^\beta f(\gamma(\phi(s)))\gamma'(\phi(s)) \phi'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{\phi(\alpha)}^{\phi(\beta)} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = \phi(s)\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> === Linearity === Since the integral is defined over linear combinations of <math>f</math>, it is itself linear in the integrand, i.e. we have <center><math>\int_\gamma (\alpha f + \beta g)(z) \, dz = \alpha \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz + \beta \int_\gamma g(z)\, dz </math></center> for rectifiable <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb C</math> and integrable <math>f,g \colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \to \mathbb C</math>. === Orientation reversal === Let <math>\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be a rectifiable path, and let <math>\gamma^- \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> be the reversed path defined by <math>\gamma^-(s) = \gamma(a+b-s)</math>. Then for integrable <math>f\colon \mathrm{spur}(\gamma)\to \mathbb C</math> <center><math> \int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz = - \int_\gamma f(z) \, dz </math></center> ==== Proof ==== It is <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\int_{\gamma^-} f(z) \, dz &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma^-(s))(\gamma^-)'(s)\, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(a+b-s))\gamma'(a+b-s)(-1) \, ds\\ &= \displaystyle\int_{b}^{a} f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\, dt \quad{\rm Substitution}\ t = a+b-s\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_a^b f(\gamma(t))\gamma'(t)\,dt\\ &= -\displaystyle\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz \end{array} </math></center> == Approximation by polygonal chains == The presented version of the integration path seems very general, but most integration paths that occur in practice are piecewise continuously differentiable. Since it is easier to work with piecewise continuously differentiable paths, we want to show in the following how an arbitrary integration path for continuous integrands can be approximated by polygonal chains. This can be used to transfer statements about general rectifiable paths to polygonal chains. === Statement === Let <math>G \subseteq \mathbb C</math> be a region, <math>\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> a [[rectifiable path]], <math>f \colon G \to \mathbb C</math> continuous, and <math>\epsilon > 0</math>. Then there exists a polygonal chain <math>\hat\gamma \colon[a,b]\to \mathbb C</math> with <math>\gamma(a) = \hat\gamma(a)</math>, <math>\gamma(b) = \hat\gamma(b)</math> and <math>\left|\int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz -\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz\right| < \epsilon</math>. === Proof === First of all let <math>G = B_R(z_0)</math> be a disk. Since <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma)</math> is compact, there exists a <math>r > 0</math> with <math>\mathrm{spur}(\gamma) \subseteq \bar B_r(z_0) \subseteq G</math>. On <math>\bar B_r(z_0)</math>, <math>f</math> is uniformly continuous, so we can choose a <math>\delta> 0</math> such that <math>|f(z) - f(w)| < \epsilon</math> for <math>z,w \in B_r(z_0)</math> with <math>|z-w|< \delta</math> holds. ==== Step 1 - Partition of Interval ==== Now choose, according to the definition of the integral, a partition <math>a = t_0 < \ldots < t_n = b</math> of <math>[a,b]</math> such that <math>|\gamma(s) - \gamma(t)| < \delta</math> for <math>s,t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math> and <center><math> \left| \int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)\right| < \epsilon </math></center> holds. ==== Step 2 - Convex Combination ==== Define a [[convex combination]] with <math>\hat\gamma</math> that connects <math>\gamma(t_{i-1}</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i-1})</math> and <math>\gamma(t_{i})</math> with <math>\lambda_t \in [0,1]</math>: <center><math> (1-\lambda_t) \cdot \gamma(t_{i-1}) + \lambda_t \cdot \gamma(t_i) </math></center> ==== Step 3 - Convex Combination ==== With <math> 1-\lambda_t = \frac {t_i -t }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> and <math> \lambda_t := \frac{t -t_ {i-1} }{t_i -t_{i-1}}</math> the path <math> \widehat\gamma(t) </math> is defined as: <center><math> \widehat\gamma(t) := \frac 1{t_i -t_{i-1}} \big(\gamma(t_{i-1})(t_i - t) + \gamma(t_i)(t-t_{i-1})\big), \qquad t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i] </math></center> ==== Step 4 - Partition of Interval ==== So <math>\hat\gamma</math> is the polygonal chain that connects the points <math>\gamma(t_i)</math> by straight lines. In particular, <math>\hat\gamma</math> lies in <math>B_r(z_0)</math>. By construction, we also have <math>|\hat\gamma(t) - \gamma(t_i)| < \delta</math> for <math>t \in [t_{i-1}, t_i]</math>. It follows that ==== Step 5 - Inequality ==== <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_{\hat\gamma} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle \left|\int_\gamma f(z)\, dz - \int_a^b f(\hat\gamma(t))\hat\gamma'(t)\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \left|\sum_{i=1}^n f\big(\gamma(t_i)\big)\big(\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})\big)- \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\gamma(t_i)-\gamma(t_{i-1})}{t_i - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} f(\hat\gamma(t))\, dt\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} |f(\hat\gamma(t)) - f(\gamma(t_i))|\\ &\le \displaystyle \epsilon + \sum_{i=1}^n |\gamma(t_i) - \gamma(t_{i-1})| \frac 1{t_{i} - t_{i-1}} \int_{t_{i-1}}^{t_i} \epsilon\\ &= \epsilon + \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) = \epsilon \cdot (1+ \mathcal{L}(\gamma) ) \end{array} </math></center> This implies the claim. ==== Step 6 - Generalization ==== If <math>G</math> is not a disk, we cover <math>\mathrm{Spur}(\gamma)</math> with finitely many disks that are a subset of <math>G</math> and apply the above construction to each sub-path. This implies the claim in the general case. == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] tn1cw3tw01z9nlws0pvqxd7k9wxkwbi 0 317221 2692031 2691909 2024-12-15T09:43:49Z Eshaa2024 2993595 /* See also */ 2692031 wikitext text/x-wiki == Smooth paths and path subdivision == The following definitions were abbreviated with acronyms and are used as justifications for transformations or conclusions in proofs. * '''(WG1) Definition (Smooth path):''' A path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> is smooth if it is continuously differentiable. * '''(UT) Definition (Subdivision):''' Let <math>[a,b]</math> be an interval, <math>n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and <math>{a}={u}_{{0}} < {\ldots} < {{u}}_{n}={b}</math>. <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}</math> is called a subdivision of <math>{\left[{a},{b}\right]}</math>. * '''(WG2) Definition (Path subdivision):''' Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>, <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> a subdivision of <math>[a,b]</math>, <math>\gamma_{{k}}:{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> a path in <math>{U}</math>. <math>{\left(\gamma_{{{1}}},\ldots,\gamma_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> is called a path subdivision of <math>\gamma</math> if <math>\gamma_{{n}}{\left({b}\right)}=\gamma{\left({b}\right)}</math> and for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> and <math>{t}\in{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}</math> we have <math>\gamma_{{k}}{\left({t}\right)}=\gamma{\left({t}\right)}\wedge\gamma_{{k}}{\left({u}_{{{k}-{1}}}\right)}=\gamma_{{{k}-{1}}}{\left({u}_{{k}}\right)}</math>. * '''(WG3) Definition (Piecewise smooth path):''' A path <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is piecewise smooth if there exists a path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of <math>\gamma</math> consisting of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math>. == Integration path == * '''(WG4) Definition (Path integral):''' Let <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a continuous function and <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math> a smooth path, then the path integral is defined as: <math>\int_{\gamma} f := \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz := \int_a^b f(\gamma(t)) \cdot\gamma'(t)\, dt </math>. If <math>\gamma</math> is only piecewise smooth with respect to a path subdivision <math>( \gamma_1 ,\ldots,\gamma_n ) </math>, then we define <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz :=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \int_{\gamma_k} f(z) \, dz</math>. * '''Definition (Integration path):''' An integration path is a piecewise smooth (piecewise continuously differentiable) path. == Example == [[File:Dreiecksweg.svg|mini|Integration path on the triangle edge]] The following path is piecewise continuously differentiable (smooth) and for the vertices <math>z_1,z_2,z_3\in \text{Spur}(\gamma)</math> the closed triangle path <math>\gamma : [0,3] \to \mathbb{C}</math> is not differentiable. The triangle path is defined on the interval <math>[0,3]</math> as follows: :<math> \gamma(t) := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle (t) := \begin{cases} (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2 & \text{for } t \in [0,1] \\ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1)\cdot z_3 & \text{for } t \in (1,2] \\ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2) \cdot z_1 & \text{for } t \in (2,3] \\ \end{cases} </math> === Paths from convex combinations === The piecewise continuously differentiable path is formed from [[convex combination]].The sub-paths * <math>\gamma_1 := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 \right\rangle </math> with <math>\gamma_1 : [0,1] \to \mathbb{C}, \ (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2</math> * <math>\gamma_2 := \left\langle z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle </math> with <math>\gamma_2 : [1,2] \to \mathbb{C}, \ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1)\cdot z_3 </math> * <math>\gamma_3 := \left\langle z_3 ,z_1 \right\rangle </math> with <math>\gamma_3 : [2,3] \to \mathbb{C}, \ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2)\cdot z_1 </math> are continuously differentiable. == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]] * [[convex combination]] * [https://www.geogebra.org/m/rwwjymrv Convex combinations and interpolation on triangles in the plane] == Page information == This learning resource can be presented as a '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Integrationsweg&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]'''. === Wiki2Reveal === This '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Integrationsweg&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal Foliensatz]''' was created for the learning unit '''[https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/_Kurs:Funktionentheorie Kurs:Funktionentheorie]''''. The link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal-Folien]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * The contents of the page are based on the following contents: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg] * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg * See also further information about [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurs:Funktionentheorie/Integrationsweg&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Integrationsweg&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. * Next content of the course is [[]] [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] hcm0qczupdybepdirlq2f15vfzj4l2q 0 317222 2691969 2691881 2024-12-14T16:52:10Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Goursat's Lemma */ 2691969 wikitext text/x-wiki == Goursat's Lemma == Goursat's Lemma, also known as the Goursat's Theorem, is a theorem in [[Complex analysis]]. Goursat's Lemma is a precursor to the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral Theorem]] and is often used in its proof. It plays an important role in the development of complex analysis. Notably, the lemma only assumes the [[Holomorphic function|Complex differentiability]] of a function, not its [[w:en:continuous function|continuous]] differentiability (i.e. the derivative is continuous). The lemma was proved by [[w:en:Édouard Goursat|Édouard Goursat]] (1858-1936) in 1884. == Goursat's Lemma == Given the following assumptions: * (P1) Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be an open subset, * (P2) Let <math>{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\in\mathbb{C}</math> be three non-collinear points that define the triangle :<math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)} := \left\{ \sum_{k=1}^{3} \lambda_{k} \cdot{z}_{k} {\mid} {\left({\sum_{{{k} {1}}}^{{3}}}\lambda_{{k}}={1}\right)}\wedge\forall{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3} \right\rbrace} \lambda_{{k}}\in [{0},{1}]\right\} \subset{U} </math> * (P3) Let <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a holomorphic function, * (P4) Let <math>{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}:{\left[{0},{3}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be the closed path over the triangle edge of <math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)}</math> with starting point <math>{z}_{{1}}</math>, then the following statements hold: * (C1) <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Proof == [[File:Dreiecksweg.svg|mini|Integration path on the triangle edge]] [[File:Lemma goursat2 seitenmitten m1m2m3.svg|mini|Partition of the outer paths and insertion of additional paths between the midpoints, which cancel each other out in the path integral and do not change the total integral.]] [[File:Lemma goursat3 wege.svg|mini|Inductive definition of the paths. The sub-triangles are similar to the original triangle. By using the midpoints, the perimeter of each triangle <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> is halved to <math>\Delta^{(n+1)}</math>]] * (S1) We define a sequence of triangle paths recursively <math>\gamma^{(n)} := {\left\langle z_{1}^{(n)} , z_{2}^{(n)} , z_{3}^{(n)} \right\rangle}</math> === Proof part 1: Definition of the triangle paths === * (S2) (DEF) For <math>{n}={0}</math> let the closed triangle path <math>\gamma^{(0)} : [0,3] \to \mathbb{C}</math> be defined as: :<math> \gamma^{(0)}(t) := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle (t) := \begin{cases} (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2 & \text{for } t \in [0,1] \\ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1) \cdot z_3 & \text{for } t \in (1,2] \\ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2) \cdot z_1 & \text{for } t \in (2,3] \\ \end{cases} </math> Furthermore, let <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> be already defined. We define <math>\gamma^{(n+1)}</math> inductively. :: Justification: (P4,UT) * (S3) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{1}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{2}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, :: Justification: (S3,S4,S5) * (S4) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{2}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{3}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S5) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{3}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{1}^{(n)} , \frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S6) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{4}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math> * (S7) (DEF) Let <math>{i}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}</math> be the smallest index with <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},,{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}}}:{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> and <math>\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}} := {\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}</math> === Proof part 2: Estimates === * (S8) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math> \int_{\gamma^{(n)}} f(z) \, dz = \sum_{k=1}^{4} \int_{\gamma_k}^{(n)} f(z) \, dz</math> * (S9) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{n}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={\left|{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math> :: Justification: (S7,WG4,DU) * (S10) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{0}\le{\left|\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}\right|}={\left|\int_{\gamma^{(0)}} f(z) {\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le\ldots\le{4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> === Proof part 3: Diameter of the sub-triangles === * (S11) The nested definition of the sub-triangles yields for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>: <math>\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\supset\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{2}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{3}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}\right)}</math> and :: <math>\lim_{n\to\infty} \, \text{diam} \left(\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\right) = 0 </math> * (S12) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\exists_{{{z}_{{0}}\in{U}}}\forall_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}:{z}_{{0}}\in\Delta^{(n)} := \Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}</math> and <math>{\left\lbrace{z}_{{0}}\right\rbrace}=\bigcap_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}\Delta^{(n)}</math> === Proof part 4: Use of holomorphism (P3) === * (S13) We use the holomorphism of <math>f</math> in <math>z_0 \in U </math> for further steps with : <math>f(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 ) + r(z)</math> and <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{z - z_0} = 0 </math> :: Justification: (P3) * (S14) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> with <math>h(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 )</math> has a primitive <math>H(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot (z - z_0)^2 </math> :: Justification: since <math>h(z)</math> is a polynomial of degree 1. * (S15) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is thus <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}={0}</math> :: Justification: (SF) * (S16) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For the path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> we have <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}}}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}+{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}</math> === Proof part 4: Estimate of the remainder term <math>r(z)</math> === * (S17) <math>\Rightarrow</math> With <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }= 0 </math> we have: For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta>{0}</math> :: <math> | z - z_0 | < \delta \Rightarrow \left| \frac{ r(z) }{ z - z_0 } \right| < \epsilon</math> : Justification: <math>\epsilon</math>-<math>\delta</math>-criterion applied to <math>g(z):=\frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }</math> and continuity of <math>g</math> in <math>z_0</math> * (S18) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math>: <math>| z - z_0 | < \delta\Rightarrow | r(z) | < \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 |</math> :: <math>0 \leq \left|\int_{\left\langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \right\rangle} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } f(z)\, dz \right| = 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } r(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } |r(z)| \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz</math> :: Justification: (S2) * (S20) From the condition <math>\lim_{n\to\infty}\text{diam} \left( \Delta^{(n)} \right) = 0</math> there exists for all <math>\epsilon > 0</math> an <math>n_{\delta} \in\mathbb{N}</math> with <math>\Delta^{(n)}\subseteq {D}_{\delta}(z_0)</math> for all <math>n > n_{\delta}</math>. * (S21) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>| z - z_0 | < L \left(\gamma^{(n)}\right) = \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L \left(\gamma\right) </math> for all <math> n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and all <math> z \in \Delta^{(n)}</math> :: Justification: The factor <math>\frac{1}{2^n}</math> arises from the continued halving of the sides of the triangles <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> * (S22) This implies: :<math> 0 \leq \left|\int_{ \langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \rangle } f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot\mathcal{L}(\gamma) \, dz = 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \underbrace{\leq \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } 1 \, dz}_{\mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)}) } </math> ::<math>\leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L(\gamma) \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)} ) \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{\mathcal{L}(\gamma)}{4^n} = \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) </math> for all <math>\epsilon >0</math> :: Justification: (S19,LIW,IAL) * (C1) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Abbreviations for justifications == * (DU) <math>\forall_{a,b \in\mathbb{C}} : | a+b | \leq |a| + |b| </math> <!-- * (DG) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a \cdot (b+c) = a \cdot b + a \cdot c </math> * (AG<math>+</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a+ (b + c) = (a + b) + c </math> * (AG<math>\cdot</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a\cdot (b \cdot c) = (a \cdot b) \cdot c </math> --> * (DI) Definition: Let <math> M\subset{C}</math> be a set <math>\text{diam}(M) :=\text{sup} \lbrace |b-a| \, :\, a,b \in M \rbrace </math> * (WE) Definition (Path): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset and <math> a,b \in\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>a < b </math>. A path <math>\gamma</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> is a continuous mapping <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math>. * (SPU) Definition (Trace): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>. The trace of <math>\gamma</math> is defined as: <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) := \lbrace \gamma(t)\in\mathbb{C} \, {\mid} \, t \in [a,b] \rbrace </math>. * (WZ) Definition (Path-connected): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset. <math>{U}</math> is called path-connected if there exists a path <math>\gamma:[a,b] \to U</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> with <math> \gamma(a) = z_1 </math>, <math>\gamma(b) = z_2 </math> and <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) \subseteq U</math>. * (GE) Definition (Domain): A subset <math>{G}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> is called a domain if (1) <math>{G}</math> is open, (2) <math>{G}\ne\emptyset</math> and (3) <math>{G}</math> is path-connected. * (WG1) Definition (Smooth path): A path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> is smooth if it is continuously differentiable. * (UT) Definition (Subdivision): Let <math>[a,b]</math> be an interval, <math>n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and <math>{a}={u}_{{0}} < {\ldots} < {{u}}_{n}={b}</math>. <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}</math> is called a subdivision of <math>{\left[{a},{b}\right]}</math>. * (WG2) Definition (Path subdivision): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>, <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> a subdivision of <math>[a,b]</math>, <math>\gamma_{{k}}:{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> a path in <math>{U}</math>. <math>{\left(\gamma_{{{1}}},\ldots,\gamma_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> is called a path subdivision of <math>\gamma</math> if <math>\gamma_{{n}}{\left({b}\right)}=\gamma{\left({b}\right)}</math> and <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}}}\forall_{{{t}\in{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right)}}}:\gamma_{{k}}{\left({t}\right)}=\gamma{\left({t}\right)}\wedge\gamma_{{k}}{\left({u}_{{{k}-{1}}}\right)}=\gamma_{{{k}-{1}}}{\left({u}_{{k}}\right)}</math>. * (WG3) Definition (Piecewise smooth path): A path <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is piecewise smooth if there exists a path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of <math>\gamma</math> consisting of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math>. * (WG4) Definition (Path integral): Let <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a continuous function and <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math> a smooth path, then the path integral is defined as: <math>\int_{\gamma} f := \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz := \int_a^b f(\gamma(t)) \cdot\gamma'(t)\, dt </math>. If <math>\gamma</math> is only piecewise smooth with respect to a path subdivision <math>( \gamma_1 ,\ldots,\gamma_n ) </math>, then we define <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz :=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \int_{\gamma_k} f(z) \, dz</math>. * (SF) Theorem (Primitive with closed paths): If a continuous function <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> has a primitive <math>F : U \to\mathbb{C}</math>, then for a piecewise smooth path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> we have <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz =F(b) - F(a)</math>. * (LIW) Length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a smooth path, then the <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math>. : If <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a general integration path with the path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, then <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as the sum of the lengths of the smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, i.e.: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \sum_{k=1}^{n} \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k})</math> * (IAL) Integral estimate over the length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{G}</math> be an integration path on the domain <math>G \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math>, then for a continuous function <math>f</math> on <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma)</math> we have the estimate: ::<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in \text{Spur}(\gamma)} |f(z)| \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> == Literature == * Eberhard Freitag & Rolf Busam: ''Funktionentheorie 1'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/Lemma Goursat]] - Short form * [[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]] [[Category:Complex Analysis]] [[Category:Theorem (Mathematics)|Goursat, Lemma of]] == Page information == This page was created based on the following Wikipedia source: * [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat Lemma von Goursat] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat * Date: 14.12.2018 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity hvdrrys7glbxzt296y6e69mmgykppbw 2691975 2691969 2024-12-14T17:27:25Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Proof */ 2691975 wikitext text/x-wiki == Goursat's Lemma == Goursat's Lemma, also known as the Goursat's Theorem, is a theorem in [[Complex analysis]]. Goursat's Lemma is a precursor to the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral Theorem]] and is often used in its proof. It plays an important role in the development of complex analysis. Notably, the lemma only assumes the [[Holomorphic function|Complex differentiability]] of a function, not its [[w:en:continuous function|continuous]] differentiability (i.e. the derivative is continuous). The lemma was proved by [[w:en:Édouard Goursat|Édouard Goursat]] (1858-1936) in 1884. == Goursat's Lemma == Given the following assumptions: * (P1) Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be an open subset, * (P2) Let <math>{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\in\mathbb{C}</math> be three non-collinear points that define the triangle :<math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)} := \left\{ \sum_{k=1}^{3} \lambda_{k} \cdot{z}_{k} {\mid} {\left({\sum_{{{k} {1}}}^{{3}}}\lambda_{{k}}={1}\right)}\wedge\forall{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3} \right\rbrace} \lambda_{{k}}\in [{0},{1}]\right\} \subset{U} </math> * (P3) Let <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a holomorphic function, * (P4) Let <math>{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}:{\left[{0},{3}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be the closed path over the triangle edge of <math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)}</math> with starting point <math>{z}_{{1}}</math>, then the following statements hold: * (C1) <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Proof == The following figures show the idea of the proof in a geometrical approach starting with a triangle [[File:Dreiecksweg.svg|mini|Integration path on the triangle edge]] === Subdivision of the Triangle === [[File:Lemma goursat2 seitenmitten m1m2m3.svg|mini|Partition of the outer paths and insertion of additional paths between the midpoints, which cancel each other out in the path integral and do not change the total integral.]] === Inductive Iteration of Subdivision into triangles === [[File:Lemma goursat3 wege.svg|mini|Inductive definition of the paths. The sub-triangles are similar to the original triangle. By using the midpoints, the perimeter of each triangle <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> is halved to <math>\Delta^{(n+1)}</math>]] * (S1) We define a sequence of triangle paths recursively <math>\gamma^{(n)} := {\left\langle z_{1}^{(n)} , z_{2}^{(n)} , z_{3}^{(n)} \right\rangle}</math> === Proof part 1: Definition of the triangle paths === * (S2) (DEF) For <math>{n}={0}</math> let the closed triangle path <math>\gamma^{(0)} : [0,3] \to \mathbb{C}</math> be defined as: :<math> \gamma^{(0)}(t) := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle (t) := \begin{cases} (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2 & \text{for } t \in [0,1] \\ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1) \cdot z_3 & \text{for } t \in (1,2] \\ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2) \cdot z_1 & \text{for } t \in (2,3] \\ \end{cases} </math> Furthermore, let <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> be already defined. We define <math>\gamma^{(n+1)}</math> inductively. :: Justification: (P4,UT) * (S3) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{1}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{2}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, :: Justification: (S3,S4,S5) * (S4) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{2}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{3}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S5) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{3}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{1}^{(n)} , \frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S6) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{4}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math> * (S7) (DEF) Let <math>{i}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}</math> be the smallest index with <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},,{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}}}:{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> and <math>\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}} := {\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}</math> === Proof part 2: Estimates === * (S8) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math> \int_{\gamma^{(n)}} f(z) \, dz = \sum_{k=1}^{4} \int_{\gamma_k}^{(n)} f(z) \, dz</math> * (S9) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{n}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={\left|{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math> :: Justification: (S7,WG4,DU) * (S10) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{0}\le{\left|\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}\right|}={\left|\int_{\gamma^{(0)}} f(z) {\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le\ldots\le{4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> === Proof part 3: Diameter of the sub-triangles === * (S11) The nested definition of the sub-triangles yields for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>: <math>\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\supset\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{2}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{3}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}\right)}</math> and :: <math>\lim_{n\to\infty} \, \text{diam} \left(\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\right) = 0 </math> * (S12) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\exists_{{{z}_{{0}}\in{U}}}\forall_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}:{z}_{{0}}\in\Delta^{(n)} := \Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}</math> and <math>{\left\lbrace{z}_{{0}}\right\rbrace}=\bigcap_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}\Delta^{(n)}</math> === Proof part 4: Use of holomorphism (P3) === * (S13) We use the holomorphism of <math>f</math> in <math>z_0 \in U </math> for further steps with : <math>f(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 ) + r(z)</math> and <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{z - z_0} = 0 </math> :: Justification: (P3) * (S14) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> with <math>h(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 )</math> has a primitive <math>H(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot (z - z_0)^2 </math> :: Justification: since <math>h(z)</math> is a polynomial of degree 1. * (S15) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is thus <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}={0}</math> :: Justification: (SF) * (S16) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For the path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> we have <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}}}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}+{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}</math> === Proof part 4: Estimate of the remainder term <math>r(z)</math> === * (S17) <math>\Rightarrow</math> With <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }= 0 </math> we have: For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta>{0}</math> :: <math> | z - z_0 | < \delta \Rightarrow \left| \frac{ r(z) }{ z - z_0 } \right| < \epsilon</math> : Justification: <math>\epsilon</math>-<math>\delta</math>-criterion applied to <math>g(z):=\frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }</math> and continuity of <math>g</math> in <math>z_0</math> * (S18) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math>: <math>| z - z_0 | < \delta\Rightarrow | r(z) | < \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 |</math> :: <math>0 \leq \left|\int_{\left\langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \right\rangle} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } f(z)\, dz \right| = 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } r(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } |r(z)| \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz</math> :: Justification: (S2) * (S20) From the condition <math>\lim_{n\to\infty}\text{diam} \left( \Delta^{(n)} \right) = 0</math> there exists for all <math>\epsilon > 0</math> an <math>n_{\delta} \in\mathbb{N}</math> with <math>\Delta^{(n)}\subseteq {D}_{\delta}(z_0)</math> for all <math>n > n_{\delta}</math>. * (S21) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>| z - z_0 | < L \left(\gamma^{(n)}\right) = \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L \left(\gamma\right) </math> for all <math> n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and all <math> z \in \Delta^{(n)}</math> :: Justification: The factor <math>\frac{1}{2^n}</math> arises from the continued halving of the sides of the triangles <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> * (S22) This implies: :<math> 0 \leq \left|\int_{ \langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \rangle } f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot\mathcal{L}(\gamma) \, dz = 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \underbrace{\leq \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } 1 \, dz}_{\mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)}) } </math> ::<math>\leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L(\gamma) \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)} ) \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{\mathcal{L}(\gamma)}{4^n} = \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) </math> for all <math>\epsilon >0</math> :: Justification: (S19,LIW,IAL) * (C1) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Abbreviations for justifications == * (DU) <math>\forall_{a,b \in\mathbb{C}} : | a+b | \leq |a| + |b| </math> <!-- * (DG) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a \cdot (b+c) = a \cdot b + a \cdot c </math> * (AG<math>+</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a+ (b + c) = (a + b) + c </math> * (AG<math>\cdot</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a\cdot (b \cdot c) = (a \cdot b) \cdot c </math> --> * (DI) Definition: Let <math> M\subset{C}</math> be a set <math>\text{diam}(M) :=\text{sup} \lbrace |b-a| \, :\, a,b \in M \rbrace </math> * (WE) Definition (Path): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset and <math> a,b \in\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>a < b </math>. A path <math>\gamma</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> is a continuous mapping <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math>. * (SPU) Definition (Trace): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>. The trace of <math>\gamma</math> is defined as: <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) := \lbrace \gamma(t)\in\mathbb{C} \, {\mid} \, t \in [a,b] \rbrace </math>. * (WZ) Definition (Path-connected): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset. <math>{U}</math> is called path-connected if there exists a path <math>\gamma:[a,b] \to U</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> with <math> \gamma(a) = z_1 </math>, <math>\gamma(b) = z_2 </math> and <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) \subseteq U</math>. * (GE) Definition (Domain): A subset <math>{G}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> is called a domain if (1) <math>{G}</math> is open, (2) <math>{G}\ne\emptyset</math> and (3) <math>{G}</math> is path-connected. * (WG1) Definition (Smooth path): A path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> is smooth if it is continuously differentiable. * (UT) Definition (Subdivision): Let <math>[a,b]</math> be an interval, <math>n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and <math>{a}={u}_{{0}} < {\ldots} < {{u}}_{n}={b}</math>. <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}</math> is called a subdivision of <math>{\left[{a},{b}\right]}</math>. * (WG2) Definition (Path subdivision): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>, <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> a subdivision of <math>[a,b]</math>, <math>\gamma_{{k}}:{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> a path in <math>{U}</math>. <math>{\left(\gamma_{{{1}}},\ldots,\gamma_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> is called a path subdivision of <math>\gamma</math> if <math>\gamma_{{n}}{\left({b}\right)}=\gamma{\left({b}\right)}</math> and <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}}}\forall_{{{t}\in{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right)}}}:\gamma_{{k}}{\left({t}\right)}=\gamma{\left({t}\right)}\wedge\gamma_{{k}}{\left({u}_{{{k}-{1}}}\right)}=\gamma_{{{k}-{1}}}{\left({u}_{{k}}\right)}</math>. * (WG3) Definition (Piecewise smooth path): A path <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is piecewise smooth if there exists a path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of <math>\gamma</math> consisting of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math>. * (WG4) Definition (Path integral): Let <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a continuous function and <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math> a smooth path, then the path integral is defined as: <math>\int_{\gamma} f := \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz := \int_a^b f(\gamma(t)) \cdot\gamma'(t)\, dt </math>. If <math>\gamma</math> is only piecewise smooth with respect to a path subdivision <math>( \gamma_1 ,\ldots,\gamma_n ) </math>, then we define <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz :=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \int_{\gamma_k} f(z) \, dz</math>. * (SF) Theorem (Primitive with closed paths): If a continuous function <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> has a primitive <math>F : U \to\mathbb{C}</math>, then for a piecewise smooth path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> we have <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz =F(b) - F(a)</math>. * (LIW) Length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a smooth path, then the <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math>. : If <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a general integration path with the path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, then <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as the sum of the lengths of the smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, i.e.: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \sum_{k=1}^{n} \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k})</math> * (IAL) Integral estimate over the length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{G}</math> be an integration path on the domain <math>G \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math>, then for a continuous function <math>f</math> on <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma)</math> we have the estimate: ::<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in \text{Spur}(\gamma)} |f(z)| \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> == Literature == * Eberhard Freitag & Rolf Busam: ''Funktionentheorie 1'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/Lemma Goursat]] - Short form * [[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]] [[Category:Complex Analysis]] [[Category:Theorem (Mathematics)|Goursat, Lemma of]] == Page information == This page was created based on the following Wikipedia source: * [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat Lemma von Goursat] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat * Date: 14.12.2018 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity dzas2k838httghk3zleih4aqhlmdfly 2692029 2691975 2024-12-15T09:35:21Z Eshaa2024 2993595 2692029 wikitext text/x-wiki Goursat's Lemma, also known as the Goursat's Theorem, is a theorem in [[Complex analysis]]. Goursat's lemma is a precursor to the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral theorem]] and is often used in its proof. It plays an important role in the development of complex analysis. Remarkably, the lemma only requires [[Holomorphic function|Complex differentiability]] but not [[w:en:Continuity|continuous]] differentiability. The lemma was proved in its rectangular form by [[w:en:Édouard Goursat|Édouard Goursat]] ([[w:en:1858|1858]]–[[w:en:1936|1936]]) and published in [[w:en:1884|1884]]. The triangular form commonly used today was introduced by [[w:en:Alfred Pringsheim|Alfred Pringsheim]]. == Goursat's Lemma == Given the following assumptions: * (P1) Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be an open subset, * (P2) Let <math>{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\in\mathbb{C}</math> be three non-collinear points that define the triangle :<math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)} := \left\{ \sum_{k=1}^{3} \lambda_{k} \cdot{z}_{k} {\mid} {\left({\sum_{{{k} {1}}}^{{3}}}\lambda_{{k}}={1}\right)}\wedge\forall{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3} \right\rbrace} \lambda_{{k}}\in [{0},{1}]\right\} \subset{U} </math> * (P3) Let <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a holomorphic function, * (P4) Let <math>{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}:{\left[{0},{3}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be the closed path over the triangle edge of <math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)}</math> with starting point <math>{z}_{{1}}</math>, then the following statements hold: * (C1) <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Proof == [[File:Dreiecksweg.svg|thumb|Integration path along the triangle boundary]] [[File:Lemma goursat2 seitenmitten m1m2m3.svg|thumb|Subdivision of the outer paths and insertion of additional paths between the midpoints of the sides, which cancel out in the line integral due to the reversed direction of the integration path, resulting in a sum of 0 and leaving the total integral unchanged.]] [[File:Lemma goursat3 wege.svg|thumb|Inductive definition of the paths. The subtriangles are [[w:de:Ähnlichkeit_(Geometrie)|similar]] to the original triangle. By using the midpoints of the sides, the perimeter of a triangle <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> is halved with each step to <math>\Delta^{(n+1)}</math>.]] (S1) We define a sequence of triangular paths recursively as <math>\gamma^{(n)} := {\left\langle z_{1}^{(n)} , z_{2}^{(n)} , z_{3}^{(n)} \right\rangle}</math>. === Proof part 1: Definition of the triangle paths === * (S2) (DEF) For <math>{n}={0}</math> let the closed triangle path <math>\gamma^{(0)} : [0,3] \to \mathbb{C}</math> be defined as: :<math> \gamma^{(0)}(t) := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle (t) := \begin{cases} (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2 & \text{for } t \in [0,1] \\ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1) \cdot z_3 & \text{for } t \in (1,2] \\ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2) \cdot z_1 & \text{for } t \in (2,3] \\ \end{cases} </math> Furthermore, let <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> be already defined. We define <math>\gamma^{(n+1)}</math> inductively. :: Justification: (P4,UT) * (S3) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{1}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{2}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, :: Justification: (S3,S4,S5) * (S4) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{2}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{3}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S5) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{3}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{1}^{(n)} , \frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S6) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{4}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math> * (S7) (DEF) Let <math>{i}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}</math> be the smallest index with <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},,{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}}}:{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> and <math>\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}} := {\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}</math> === Proof part 2: Estimates === * (S8) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math> \int_{\gamma^{(n)}} f(z) \, dz = \sum_{k=1}^{4} \int_{\gamma_k}^{(n)} f(z) \, dz</math> * (S9) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{n}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={\left|{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math> :: Justification: (S7,WG4,DU) * (S10) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{0}\le{\left|\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}\right|}={\left|\int_{\gamma^{(0)}} f(z) {\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le\ldots\le{4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> === Proof part 3: Diameter of the sub-triangles === * (S11) The nested definition of the sub-triangles yields for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>: <math>\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\supset\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{2}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{3}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}\right)}</math> and :: <math>\lim_{n\to\infty} \, \text{diam} \left(\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\right) = 0 </math> * (S12) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\exists_{{{z}_{{0}}\in{U}}}\forall_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}:{z}_{{0}}\in\Delta^{(n)} := \Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}</math> and <math>{\left\lbrace{z}_{{0}}\right\rbrace}=\bigcap_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}\Delta^{(n)}</math> === Proof part 4: Use of holomorphism (P3) === * (S13) We use the holomorphism of <math>f</math> in <math>z_0 \in U </math> for further steps with : <math>f(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 ) + r(z)</math> and <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{z - z_0} = 0 </math> :: Justification: (P3) * (S14) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> with <math>h(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 )</math> has a primitive <math>H(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot (z - z_0)^2 </math> :: Justification: since <math>h(z)</math> is a polynomial of degree 1. * (S15) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is thus <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}={0}</math> :: Justification: (SF) * (S16) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For the path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> we have <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}}}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}+{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}</math> === Proof part 4: Estimate of the remainder term <math>r(z)</math> === * (S17) <math>\Rightarrow</math> With <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }= 0 </math> we have: For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta>{0}</math> :: <math> | z - z_0 | < \delta \Rightarrow \left| \frac{ r(z) }{ z - z_0 } \right| < \epsilon</math> : Justification: <math>\epsilon</math>-<math>\delta</math>-criterion applied to <math>g(z):=\frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }</math> and continuity of <math>g</math> in <math>z_0</math> * (S18) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math>: <math>| z - z_0 | < \delta\Rightarrow | r(z) | < \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 |</math> :: <math>0 \leq \left|\int_{\left\langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \right\rangle} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } f(z)\, dz \right| = 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } r(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } |r(z)| \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz</math> :: Justification: (S2) * (S20) From the condition <math>\lim_{n\to\infty}\text{diam} \left( \Delta^{(n)} \right) = 0</math> there exists for all <math>\epsilon > 0</math> an <math>n_{\delta} \in\mathbb{N}</math> with <math>\Delta^{(n)}\subseteq {D}_{\delta}(z_0)</math> for all <math>n > n_{\delta}</math>. * (S21) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>| z - z_0 | < L \left(\gamma^{(n)}\right) = \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L \left(\gamma\right) </math> for all <math> n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and all <math> z \in \Delta^{(n)}</math> :: Justification: The factor <math>\frac{1}{2^n}</math> arises from the continued halving of the sides of the triangles <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> * (S22) This implies: :<math> 0 \leq \left|\int_{ \langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \rangle } f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot\mathcal{L}(\gamma) \, dz = 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \underbrace{\leq \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } 1 \, dz}_{\mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)}) } </math> ::<math>\leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L(\gamma) \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)} ) \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{\mathcal{L}(\gamma)}{4^n} = \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) </math> for all <math>\epsilon >0</math> :: Justification: (S19,LIW,IAL) * (C1) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Abbreviations for justifications == * (DU) <math>\forall_{a,b \in\mathbb{C}} : | a+b | \leq |a| + |b| </math> <!-- * (DG) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a \cdot (b+c) = a \cdot b + a \cdot c </math> * (AG<math>+</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a+ (b + c) = (a + b) + c </math> * (AG<math>\cdot</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a\cdot (b \cdot c) = (a \cdot b) \cdot c </math> --> * (DI) Definition: Let <math> M\subset{C}</math> be a set <math>\text{diam}(M) :=\text{sup} \lbrace |b-a| \, :\, a,b \in M \rbrace </math> * (WE) Definition (Path): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset and <math> a,b \in\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>a < b </math>. A path <math>\gamma</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> is a continuous mapping <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math>. * (SPU) Definition (Trace): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>. The trace of <math>\gamma</math> is defined as: <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) := \lbrace \gamma(t)\in\mathbb{C} \, {\mid} \, t \in [a,b] \rbrace </math>. * (WZ) Definition (Path-connected): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset. <math>{U}</math> is called path-connected if there exists a path <math>\gamma:[a,b] \to U</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> with <math> \gamma(a) = z_1 </math>, <math>\gamma(b) = z_2 </math> and <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) \subseteq U</math>. * (GE) Definition (Domain): A subset <math>{G}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> is called a domain if (1) <math>{G}</math> is open, (2) <math>{G}\ne\emptyset</math> and (3) <math>{G}</math> is path-connected. * (WG1) Definition (Smooth path): A path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> is smooth if it is continuously differentiable. * (UT) Definition (Subdivision): Let <math>[a,b]</math> be an interval, <math>n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and <math>{a}={u}_{{0}} < {\ldots} < {{u}}_{n}={b}</math>. <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}</math> is called a subdivision of <math>{\left[{a},{b}\right]}</math>. * (WG2) Definition (Path subdivision): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>, <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> a subdivision of <math>[a,b]</math>, <math>\gamma_{{k}}:{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> a path in <math>{U}</math>. <math>{\left(\gamma_{{{1}}},\ldots,\gamma_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> is called a path subdivision of <math>\gamma</math> if <math>\gamma_{{n}}{\left({b}\right)}=\gamma{\left({b}\right)}</math> and <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}}}\forall_{{{t}\in{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right)}}}:\gamma_{{k}}{\left({t}\right)}=\gamma{\left({t}\right)}\wedge\gamma_{{k}}{\left({u}_{{{k}-{1}}}\right)}=\gamma_{{{k}-{1}}}{\left({u}_{{k}}\right)}</math>. * (WG3) Definition (Piecewise smooth path): A path <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is piecewise smooth if there exists a path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of <math>\gamma</math> consisting of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math>. * (WG4) Definition (Path integral): Let <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a continuous function and <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math> a smooth path, then the path integral is defined as: <math>\int_{\gamma} f := \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz := \int_a^b f(\gamma(t)) \cdot\gamma'(t)\, dt </math>. If <math>\gamma</math> is only piecewise smooth with respect to a path subdivision <math>( \gamma_1 ,\ldots,\gamma_n ) </math>, then we define <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz :=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \int_{\gamma_k} f(z) \, dz</math>. * (SF) Theorem (Primitive with closed paths): If a continuous function <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> has a primitive <math>F : U \to\mathbb{C}</math>, then for a piecewise smooth path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> we have <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz =F(b) - F(a)</math>. * (LIW) Length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a smooth path, then the <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math>. : If <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a general integration path with the path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, then <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as the sum of the lengths of the smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, i.e.: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \sum_{k=1}^{n} \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k})</math> * (IAL) Integral estimate over the length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{G}</math> be an integration path on the domain <math>G \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math>, then for a continuous function <math>f</math> on <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma)</math> we have the estimate: ::<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in \text{Spur}(\gamma)} |f(z)| \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> == Literature == * Eberhard Freitag & Rolf Busam: ''Funktionentheorie 1'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma]]-Short form * [[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]] [[Category:Complex Analysis]] [[Category:Theorem (Mathematics)|Goursat, Lemma of]] == Page information == This page was created based on the following Wikipedia source: * [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat Lemma von Goursat] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat * Date: 14.12.2018 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity 6v6wbl2c0233ed5rn0g3z6fe1nz4zb4 2692030 2692029 2024-12-15T09:40:31Z Eshaa2024 2993595 /* Proof */ 2692030 wikitext text/x-wiki Goursat's Lemma, also known as the Goursat's Theorem, is a theorem in [[Complex analysis]]. Goursat's lemma is a precursor to the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral theorem]] and is often used in its proof. It plays an important role in the development of complex analysis. Remarkably, the lemma only requires [[Holomorphic function|Complex differentiability]] but not [[w:en:Continuity|continuous]] differentiability. The lemma was proved in its rectangular form by [[w:en:Édouard Goursat|Édouard Goursat]] ([[w:en:1858|1858]]–[[w:en:1936|1936]]) and published in [[w:en:1884|1884]]. The triangular form commonly used today was introduced by [[w:en:Alfred Pringsheim|Alfred Pringsheim]]. == Goursat's Lemma == Given the following assumptions: * (P1) Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be an open subset, * (P2) Let <math>{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\in\mathbb{C}</math> be three non-collinear points that define the triangle :<math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)} := \left\{ \sum_{k=1}^{3} \lambda_{k} \cdot{z}_{k} {\mid} {\left({\sum_{{{k} {1}}}^{{3}}}\lambda_{{k}}={1}\right)}\wedge\forall{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3} \right\rbrace} \lambda_{{k}}\in [{0},{1}]\right\} \subset{U} </math> * (P3) Let <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a holomorphic function, * (P4) Let <math>{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}:{\left[{0},{3}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be the closed path over the triangle edge of <math>\Delta{\left({z}_{{{1}}},{z}_{{{2}}},{z}_{{{3}}}\right)}</math> with starting point <math>{z}_{{1}}</math>, then the following statements hold: * (C1) <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Proof == [[File:Dreiecksweg.svg|thumb|Integration path along the triangle boundary]] [[File:Lemma goursat2 seitenmitten m1m2m3.svg|thumb|Subdivision of the outer paths and insertion of additional paths between the midpoints of the sides, which cancel out in the line integral due to the reversed direction of the integration path, resulting in a sum of 0 and leaving the total integral unchanged.]] [[File:Lemma goursat3 wege.svg|thumb|Inductive definition of the paths. The subtriangles are [[w:de:Ähnlichkeit_(Geometrie)|similar]] to the original triangle. By using the midpoints of the sides, the perimeter of a triangle <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> is halved with each step to <math>\Delta^{(n+1)}</math>.]] (S1) We define a sequence of triangular paths recursively as <math>\gamma^{(n)} := {\left\langle z_{1}^{(n)} , z_{2}^{(n)} , z_{3}^{(n)} \right\rangle}</math>. === Proof part 1: Definition of the triangle paths === * (S2) (DEF) For <math>{n}={0}</math> let the closed triangle path <math>\gamma^{(0)} : [0,3] \to \mathbb{C}</math> be defined as: :<math> \gamma^{(0)}(t) := \left\langle z_1 ,z_2 ,z_3 \right\rangle (t) := \begin{cases} (1-t)\cdot z_1 + t\cdot z_2 & \text{for } t \in [0,1] \\ (2-t)\cdot z_2 + (t-1) \cdot z_3 & \text{for } t \in (1,2] \\ (3-t)\cdot z_3 + (t-2) \cdot z_1 & \text{for } t \in (2,3] \\ \end{cases} </math> Furthermore, let <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> be already defined. We define <math>\gamma^{(n+1)}</math> inductively. :: Justification: (P4,UT) * (S3) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{1}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{2}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, :: Justification: (S3,S4,S5) * (S4) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{2}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{3}^{(n)} ,\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S5) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{3}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}, z_{1}^{(n)} , \frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math>, * (S6) (DEF) Definition: Triangle path <math>{\gamma_{4}^{(n)}} := {\left\langle\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{2}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{2}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}},\frac{{ z_{1}^{(n)} + z_{3}^{(n)} }}{{2}}\right\rangle}</math> * (S7) (DEF) Let <math>{i}\in{\left\lbrace{1},{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}</math> be the smallest index with <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},,{2},{3},{4}\right\rbrace}}}:{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> and <math>\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}} := {\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}</math> === Proof part 2: Estimates === * (S8) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math> \int_{\gamma^{(n)}} f(z) \, dz = \sum_{k=1}^{4} \int_{\gamma_k}^{(n)} f(z) \, dz</math> * (S9) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{n}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={\left|{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{\sum_{{{k}={1}}}^{{4}}}{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math> :: Justification: (S7,WG4,DU) * (S10) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>{0}\le{\left|\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}\right|}={\left|\int_{\gamma^{(0)}} f(z) {\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le{4}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}\le\ldots\le{4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{{\gamma_{{i}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}={4}^{{n}}\cdot{\left|\int_{{\gamma^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}\right|}</math> === Proof part 3: Diameter of the sub-triangles === * (S11) The nested definition of the sub-triangles yields for all <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>: <math>\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\supset\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{2}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}},{{z}_{3}^{{{\left({n}+{1}\right)}}}}\right)}</math> and :: <math>\lim_{n\to\infty} \, \text{diam} \left(\Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}\right) = 0 </math> * (S12) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\exists_{{{z}_{{0}}\in{U}}}\forall_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}:{z}_{{0}}\in\Delta^{(n)} := \Delta{\left({{z}_{1}^{(n)}},{{z}_{2}^{(n)}},{{z}_{3}^{(n)}}\right)}</math> and <math>{\left\lbrace{z}_{{0}}\right\rbrace}=\bigcap_{{{n}\in\mathbb{N}}}\Delta^{(n)}</math> === Proof part 4: Use of holomorphism (P3) === * (S13) We use the holomorphism of <math>f</math> in <math>z_0 \in U </math> for further steps with : <math>f(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 ) + r(z)</math> and <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{z - z_0} = 0 </math> :: Justification: (P3) * (S14) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> with <math>h(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot ( z - z_0 )</math> has a primitive <math>H(z) := f(z_0) +f'(z_0) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot (z - z_0)^2 </math> :: Justification: since <math>h(z)</math> is a polynomial of degree 1. * (S15) <math>\Rightarrow</math> The path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{h}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is thus <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}={0}</math> :: Justification: (SF) * (S16) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For the path integral over the closed paths <math>\gamma^{(n)}</math> of the function <math>{f}:{U}\to\mathbb{C}</math> we have <math>\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}}}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{h}{\left({z}\right)}+{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}=\int_{{{\gamma_{{k}}^{(n)}}}}{r}{\left({z}\right)}{\left.{d}{z}\right.}</math> === Proof part 4: Estimate of the remainder term <math>r(z)</math> === * (S17) <math>\Rightarrow</math> With <math>\lim_{z \to z_0} \frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }= 0 </math> we have: For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta>{0}</math> :: <math> | z - z_0 | < \delta \Rightarrow \left| \frac{ r(z) }{ z - z_0 } \right| < \epsilon</math> : Justification: <math>\epsilon</math>-<math>\delta</math>-criterion applied to <math>g(z):=\frac{r(z)}{ z - z_0 }</math> and continuity of <math>g</math> in <math>z_0</math> * (S18) <math>\Rightarrow</math> For all <math>\epsilon>{0}</math> there exists a <math>\delta > 0</math>: <math>| z - z_0 | < \delta\Rightarrow | r(z) | < \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 |</math> :: <math>0 \leq \left|\int_{\left\langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \right\rangle} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } f(z)\, dz \right| = 4^n \cdot \left| \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } r(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } |r(z)| \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz</math> :: Justification: (S2) * (S20) From the condition <math>\lim_{n\to\infty}\text{diam} \left( \Delta^{(n)} \right) = 0</math> there exists for all <math>\epsilon > 0</math> an <math>n_{\delta} \in\mathbb{N}</math> with <math>\Delta^{(n)}\subseteq {D}_{\delta}(z_0)</math> for all <math>n > n_{\delta}</math>. * (S21) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>| z - z_0 | < L \left(\gamma^{(n)}\right) = \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L \left(\gamma\right) </math> for all <math> n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and all <math> z \in \Delta^{(n)}</math> :: Justification: The factor <math>\frac{1}{2^n}</math> arises from the continued halving of the sides of the triangles <math>\Delta^{(n)}</math> * (S22) This implies: :<math> 0 \leq \left|\int_{ \langle z_1 , z_2 , z_3 \rangle } f(z) \, dz \right| \leq 4^n \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \epsilon \cdot | z - z_0 | \, dz \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot\mathcal{L}(\gamma) \, dz = 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) \underbrace{\leq \int_{ \gamma_{k}^{(n)} } 1 \, dz}_{\mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)}) } </math> ::<math>\leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot L(\gamma) \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k}^{(n)} ) \leq 4^n \cdot \epsilon \cdot \frac{\mathcal{L}(\gamma)}{4^n} = \epsilon \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma) </math> for all <math>\epsilon >0</math> :: Justification: (S19,LIW,IAL) * (C1) <math>\Rightarrow</math> <math>\int_{{{\left\langle{z}_{{1}},{z}_{{2}},{z}_{{3}}\right\rangle}}}{f{{\left({z}\right)}}}{d}{z}={0}</math> == Abbreviations for justifications == * (DU) <math>\forall_{a,b \in\mathbb{C}} : | a+b | \leq |a| + |b| </math> <!-- * (DG) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a \cdot (b+c) = a \cdot b + a \cdot c </math> * (AG<math>+</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a+ (b + c) = (a + b) + c </math> * (AG<math>\cdot</math>) <math>\forall_{a,b,c \in\mathbb{M}} : a\cdot (b \cdot c) = (a \cdot b) \cdot c </math> --> * (DI) Definition: Let <math> M\subset{C}</math> be a set <math>\text{diam}(M) :=\text{sup} \lbrace |b-a| \, :\, a,b \in M \rbrace </math> * (WE) Definition (Path): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset and <math> a,b \in\mathbb{R}</math> with <math>a < b </math>. A path <math>\gamma</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> is a continuous mapping <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math>. * (SPU) Definition (Trace): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>. The trace of <math>\gamma</math> is defined as: <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) := \lbrace \gamma(t)\in\mathbb{C} \, {\mid} \, t \in [a,b] \rbrace </math>. * (WZ) Definition (Path-connected): Let <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> be a subset. <math>{U}</math> is called path-connected if there exists a path <math>\gamma:[a,b] \to U</math> in <math>U \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> with <math> \gamma(a) = z_1 </math>, <math>\gamma(b) = z_2 </math> and <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma) \subseteq U</math>. * (GE) Definition (Domain): A subset <math>{G}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math> is called a domain if (1) <math>{G}</math> is open, (2) <math>{G}\ne\emptyset</math> and (3) <math>{G}</math> is path-connected. * (WG1) Definition (Smooth path): A path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> is smooth if it is continuously differentiable. * (UT) Definition (Subdivision): Let <math>[a,b]</math> be an interval, <math>n \in\mathbb{N}</math> and <math>{a}={u}_{{0}} < {\ldots} < {{u}}_{n}={b}</math>. <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}</math> is called a subdivision of <math>{\left[{a},{b}\right]}</math>. * (WG2) Definition (Path subdivision): Let <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a path in <math>{U}\subseteq\mathbb{C}</math>, <math>{n}\in\mathbb{N}</math>, <math>{\left({u}_{{0}},\ldots,{u}_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> a subdivision of <math>[a,b]</math>, <math>\gamma_{{k}}:{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math> a path in <math>{U}</math>. <math>{\left(\gamma_{{{1}}},\ldots,\gamma_{{{n}}}\right)}</math> is called a path subdivision of <math>\gamma</math> if <math>\gamma_{{n}}{\left({b}\right)}=\gamma{\left({b}\right)}</math> and <math>\forall_{{{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}}}\forall_{{{t}\in{\left[{u}_{{{k}-{1}}},{u}_{{k}}\right)}}}:\gamma_{{k}}{\left({t}\right)}=\gamma{\left({t}\right)}\wedge\gamma_{{k}}{\left({u}_{{{k}-{1}}}\right)}=\gamma_{{{k}-{1}}}{\left({u}_{{k}}\right)}</math>. * (WG3) Definition (Piecewise smooth path): A path <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is piecewise smooth if there exists a path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of <math>\gamma</math> consisting of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math> for all <math>{k}\in{\left\lbrace{1},\ldots,{n}\right\rbrace}</math>. * (WG4) Definition (Path integral): Let <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> be a continuous function and <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U </math> a smooth path, then the path integral is defined as: <math>\int_{\gamma} f := \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz := \int_a^b f(\gamma(t)) \cdot\gamma'(t)\, dt </math>. If <math>\gamma</math> is only piecewise smooth with respect to a path subdivision <math>( \gamma_1 ,\ldots,\gamma_n ) </math>, then we define <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz :=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \int_{\gamma_k} f(z) \, dz</math>. * (SF) Theorem (Primitive with closed paths): If a continuous function <math>f : U \to\mathbb{C}</math> has a primitive <math>F : U \to\mathbb{C}</math>, then for a piecewise smooth path <math>\gamma: [a,b] \to U</math> we have <math>\int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz =F(b) - F(a)</math>. * (LIW) Length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> be a smooth path, then the <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \int_{a}^{b} |\gamma'(t)| \, dt</math>. : If <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{C}</math> is a general integration path with the path subdivision <math>{\left(\gamma_{{1}},\ldots\gamma_{{n}}\right)}</math> of smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, then <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> is defined as the sum of the lengths of the smooth paths <math>\gamma_{{k}}</math>, i.e.: :: <math>\mathcal{L}(\gamma) := \sum_{k=1}^{n} \mathcal{L}(\gamma_{k})</math> * (IAL) Integral estimate over the length of the integration path: Let <math>\gamma:{\left[{a},{b}\right]}\to\mathbb{G}</math> be an integration path on the domain <math>G \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math>, then for a continuous function <math>f</math> on <math>\text{Spur}(\gamma)</math> we have the estimate: ::<math>\left| \int_{\gamma} f(z) \, dz \right| \leq \max_{z \in \text{Spur}(\gamma)} |f(z)| \cdot \mathcal{L}(\gamma)</math> == Literature == * Eberhard Freitag & Rolf Busam: ''Funktionentheorie 1'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin == See also == * [[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma]]-Short form * [[Complex Analysis/Path of Integration|Path of Integration]] [[Category:Complex Analysis]] [[Category:Theorem (Mathematics)|Goursat, Lemma of]] == Page information == This page was created based on the following Wikipedia source: * [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat Lemma von Goursat] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20von%20Goursat * Date: 14.12.2018 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity gjnupopmdpkrfw6js3fo6sllirrzgkl 6 317230 2691931 2024-12-14T13:10:39Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2691931 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 13pro2pnltp0y6p12xde5qylloe52qm 6 317231 2691934 2024-12-14T14:09:18Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutations 6B (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2691934 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutations 6B (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 4zuq222tvu1z4rvns9cypf9k0os5g4n 3 317232 2691958 2024-12-14T15:38:31Z Atcovi 276019 /* Welcome! */ new section 2691958 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome! == {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk||{{error|Error: substitution required. Use <nowiki>{{subst:Welcomeip}}</nowiki> instead.}}[[Category:Template substitution errors]]<div style="display:none;">}}{{Robelbox|theme=9|title=Welcome!|width=100%}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> Hello, and [[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity]]. Thank you for your contributions. Currently, you are [[Help:Editing|editing]] without a username. You can continue to do so, as you are not required to log in to Wikiversity to read and edit articles; however, logging in will result in a username being shown instead of your IP address (yours is 103.178.186.237). 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Thank you again for contributing to Wikiversity. -- —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:38, 14 December 2024 (UTC) </div> {{Robelbox/close}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk||</div>}} 05q09qv21r5nsq1y4fjsfrs9x4faukw 0 317233 2691965 2024-12-14T16:41:10Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 Redirected page to [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve]] 2691965 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve]] suqaq7q9s1pq7c7eiz3by3d3kybajb2 2 317234 2691986 2024-12-14T23:02:42Z Atcovi 276019 Create. 2691986 wikitext text/x-wiki placeholder ttq660buc3t1k9gdj9qcb1pc2td7nfc 2691987 2691986 2024-12-14T23:04:55Z Atcovi 276019 2691987 wikitext text/x-wiki placeholder [[Category:Psychology]] [[Category:Atcovi's Work]] pp1we0oafyexig62z59cah233mzdwkm 2691991 2691987 2024-12-14T23:32:39Z Atcovi 276019 +ch1 2691991 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[User:Atcovi/Health Psychology/Chapter 1]] [[Category:Psychology]] [[Category:Atcovi's Work]] sv7s6aspob4ckbe5jq0lnavz0lj0a6p 2692006 2691991 2024-12-15T00:01:44Z Atcovi 276019 more specific 2692006 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[User:Atcovi/Health Psychology/Chapter 1 - What is Health?]] [[Category:Psychology]] [[Category:Atcovi's Work]] kqp3pssvzqqmeo9scn2ephr4byxpk4o 6 317235 2691998 2024-12-14T23:54:51Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241211 - 20241210) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2691998 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241211 - 20241210) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 7rpx29li3gjsft42k05j8hcywwz1va8 6 317236 2692000 2024-12-14T23:55:48Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241212 - 20241211) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692000 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241212 - 20241211) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} onse5uig1bgqhio15fmkuv1w7k06fmv 6 317237 2692002 2024-12-14T23:56:47Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241213 - 20241212) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692002 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241213 - 20241212) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} nthcn7lde2z3rgk9qbv8ro6jci5wkl4 6 317238 2692004 2024-12-14T23:57:30Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692004 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Borrows (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 77eo1phdykz94lx9wb9o4qum2x5vqyr 2 317239 2692007 2024-12-15T00:02:03Z Atcovi 276019 Create. 2692007 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes for 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture == l116wab7xqbugnawwnp0mxtuclds897 2692008 2692007 2024-12-15T00:11:35Z Atcovi 276019 /* Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture */ 2692008 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes for 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture == === Introduction === * '''Culture''' can be defined as jirbeiyemgz0isfqgj6unmocu3nx95w 2692009 2692008 2024-12-15T00:38:26Z Atcovi 276019 /* Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture */ 2692009 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes for 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture == === Introduction === * '''Culture''' can be defined as “a unique meaning and ''information system'', ''shared by a group'' and ''transmitted across generations'', that ''allows the group to meet basic needs of survival'', by ''coordinating social behavior'' to achieve a viable existence, to ''transmit successful social behaviors'', to pursue happiness and well-being, and ''to derive meaning from life''” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2017, p. 4). Can be split amongst several characteristics (Polish, a woman, rich, Jewish, for example). Culture cannot be just oversimplified as ethnicity or race. ** Culture, in fact, contains several different features, such as ethnicity, race, religion, being tall, geographical location, athleticism, computer science major, etc. It can be several components that make you, well—''you''. === Profile of a Multicultural American === * America is multicultural, full of multicultural individuals. ** Race: 72% White/Hispanics (Spain) or Latino (non-Spain), 13% Black, 6% Asian American, and 1% Native Americans. ** Religion: 71% Christian, 22.8% unaffiliated, 2% Jewish, .9% Muslims === Two Key Areas of Diversity === * '''Socioeconomic status (SES)''' - An entity(ies)'s economic and social level, measured by income, occupational status, and educational level - can also influence other factors, like race and the BMI index (latter in young adults). ** The more money you have (↑ SES), the healthier you are (through purchasing better foods, health insurance, medical services, education, etc.). * '''Sex''' - One's gender. ** Health differences, such as life expectancies, are evident between men and women. ** Shaped by cultural expectations (see [[w:Drinking_culture_of_Korea#Dano]]), biological differences (estrogen and its protection against cardiovascular issues <50yrs), and sociographic expectations (social roles, such as women maintaining the development of the children while men work to provide for the families). === Advancing Cultural Competence === * [[w:Purnell_Model_for_Cultural_Competence|Purnell Model for Cultural Competence]] - 9o9x7ifs0ygcuzn2hf2nz1txmhmg9si 2692020 2692009 2024-12-15T00:51:49Z Atcovi 276019 /* Advancing Cultural Competence */ 2692020 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes for 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture == === Introduction === * '''Culture''' can be defined as “a unique meaning and ''information system'', ''shared by a group'' and ''transmitted across generations'', that ''allows the group to meet basic needs of survival'', by ''coordinating social behavior'' to achieve a viable existence, to ''transmit successful social behaviors'', to pursue happiness and well-being, and ''to derive meaning from life''” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2017, p. 4). Can be split amongst several characteristics (Polish, a woman, rich, Jewish, for example). Culture cannot be just oversimplified as ethnicity or race. ** Culture, in fact, contains several different features, such as ethnicity, race, religion, being tall, geographical location, athleticism, computer science major, etc. It can be several components that make you, well—''you''. === Profile of a Multicultural American === * America is multicultural, full of multicultural individuals. ** Race: 72% White/Hispanics (Spain) or Latino (non-Spain), 13% Black, 6% Asian American, and 1% Native Americans. ** Religion: 71% Christian, 22.8% unaffiliated, 2% Jewish, .9% Muslims === Two Key Areas of Diversity === * '''Socioeconomic status (SES)''' - An entity(ies)'s economic and social level, measured by income, occupational status, and educational level - can also influence other factors, like race and the BMI index (latter in young adults). ** The more money you have (↑ SES), the healthier you are (through purchasing better foods, health insurance, medical services, education, etc.). * '''Sex''' - One's gender. ** Health differences, such as life expectancies, are evident between men and women. ** Shaped by cultural expectations (see [[w:Drinking_culture_of_Korea#Dano]]), biological differences (estrogen and its protection against cardiovascular issues <50yrs), and sociographic expectations (social roles, such as women maintaining the development of the children while men work to provide for the families). === Advancing Cultural Competence === * [[w:Purnell_Model_for_Cultural_Competence|Purnell Model for Cultural Competence]] - 12 main cultural domains a clinician should explore with a client. kalyhrtf7g2862yk9mh8thjngr4hty6 2692021 2692020 2024-12-15T00:52:36Z Atcovi 276019 /* Two Key Areas of Diversity */ 2692021 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes for 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == Notes for 1.2 - Defining Culture == === Introduction === * '''Culture''' can be defined as “a unique meaning and ''information system'', ''shared by a group'' and ''transmitted across generations'', that ''allows the group to meet basic needs of survival'', by ''coordinating social behavior'' to achieve a viable existence, to ''transmit successful social behaviors'', to pursue happiness and well-being, and ''to derive meaning from life''” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2017, p. 4). Can be split amongst several characteristics (Polish, a woman, rich, Jewish, for example). Culture cannot be just oversimplified as ethnicity or race. ** Culture, in fact, contains several different features, such as ethnicity, race, religion, being tall, geographical location, athleticism, computer science major, etc. It can be several components that make you, well—''you''. === Profile of a Multicultural American === * America is multicultural, full of multicultural individuals. ** Race: 72% White/Hispanics (Spain) or Latino (non-Spain), 13% Black, 6% Asian American, and 1% Native Americans. ** Religion: 71% Christian, 22.8% unaffiliated, 2% Jewish, .9% Muslims === Two Key Areas of Diversity === * '''Socioeconomic status (SES)''' - An entity(ies)'s economic and social level, measured by income, occupational status, and educational level - can also influence other factors, like race and the BMI index (latter in young adults). ** The more money you have (↑ SES), the healthier you are (through purchasing better foods, health insurance, medical services, education, etc.). * '''Sex''' - One's gender. ** Many health differences, such as life expectancies, are evident between men and women. ** Shaped by cultural expectations (see [[w:Drinking_culture_of_Korea#Dano]]), biological differences (estrogen and its protection against cardiovascular issues <50yrs), and sociographic expectations (social roles, such as women maintaining the development of the children while men work to provide for the families). === Advancing Cultural Competence === * [[w:Purnell_Model_for_Cultural_Competence|Purnell Model for Cultural Competence]] - 12 main cultural domains a clinician should explore with a client. h3ni2icvc117gz80vtkr8r8wrvxnnm3 2692022 2692021 2024-12-15T00:55:30Z Atcovi 276019 +1.3 2692022 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1.1 - What is Health? == === Introduction === * '''Health''' - state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being ([[w:WHO|WHO]]). ** How do we account for spirituality? ** Could we see health as a [[w:Teeter-totter|teeter-totter]], where optimal health is on one side while poor health is on the other (defined each by our habits)? But is it really as simple as excersising frequently, yet consuming a diet of mostly chips & soda (of course not!) Maintaining proper health is a daily commitment. === Diversity === * '''Intersectionality''' - Social + political impacts = Effect on health. Death rates are higher for black Americans vs. white Americans. * Answers about health can vary depending on '''culture''' (dynamic, but stable, set of goals, beliefs, and attitudes shared by a group of people, including sex, religion, and ethnicities) as well (between religions), financial state ($20k a year vs. $100k a year), and age (child vs. the elderly). * The '''Association of American Medical Colleges''' tries their best to alter their recommendations towards medical educators so they can address the health disparities amongst various cultures. === Cross-Cultural Views of Health === * '''Biomedical approach''' (commonly used in the Western world) focuses solely on the biological state of a human being (if there is no disease, then the individual is healthy!). * The '''Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)''' approach looks at health through the lens of the [[w:yin_and_yang|yin and yang philosophy]] (cold vs. hot qualities are balanced). * In Hindusim, the '''ayurveda''' accounts for health as “the ''three main biological units''—enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions—are in harmonious condition and when ''the mind and senses are cheerful''” (Agnihotri & Agnihotri, 2017, p. 31). * Some Mexican-Americans trust healers to cure spiritual problems, which is half of the problems that cause an illness (the other approach is essentially the biomedical approach: physical illness). * Native Americans look at a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (nature). == 1.2 - Defining Culture == === Introduction === * '''Culture''' can be defined as “a unique meaning and ''information system'', ''shared by a group'' and ''transmitted across generations'', that ''allows the group to meet basic needs of survival'', by ''coordinating social behavior'' to achieve a viable existence, to ''transmit successful social behaviors'', to pursue happiness and well-being, and ''to derive meaning from life''” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2017, p. 4). Can be split amongst several characteristics (Polish, a woman, rich, Jewish, for example). Culture cannot be just oversimplified as ethnicity or race. ** Culture, in fact, contains several different features, such as ethnicity, race, religion, being tall, geographical location, athleticism, computer science major, etc. It can be several components that make you, well—''you''. === Profile of a Multicultural American === * America is multicultural, full of multicultural individuals. ** Race: 72% White/Hispanics (Spain) or Latino (non-Spain), 13% Black, 6% Asian American, and 1% Native Americans. ** Religion: 71% Christian, 22.8% unaffiliated, 2% Jewish, .9% Muslims === Two Key Areas of Diversity === * '''Socioeconomic status (SES)''' - An entity(ies)'s economic and social level, measured by income, occupational status, and educational level - can also influence other factors, like race and the BMI index (latter in young adults). ** The more money you have (↑ SES), the healthier you are (through purchasing better foods, health insurance, medical services, education, etc.). * '''Sex''' - One's gender. ** Many health differences, such as life expectancies, are evident between men and women. ** Shaped by cultural expectations (see [[w:Drinking_culture_of_Korea#Dano]]), biological differences (estrogen and its protection against cardiovascular issues <50yrs), and sociographic expectations (social roles, such as women maintaining the development of the children while men work to provide for the families). === Advancing Cultural Competence === * [[w:Purnell_Model_for_Cultural_Competence|Purnell Model for Cultural Competence]] - 12 main cultural domains a clinician should explore with a client. == 1.3 - What is Health Psychology? == 5y8raa50ohdnibausp4wjaunhvmfidr 6 317240 2692011 2024-12-15T00:40:58Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241210 - 20241209) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692011 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241210 - 20241209) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} bona17mo1hwwhwrcfu86gmnrocuqc2t 6 317241 2692013 2024-12-15T00:41:46Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241211 - 20241210) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692013 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241211 - 20241210) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} mdgjpj6bbm6yuczi6ghwbwpb4qz1a8c 6 317242 2692015 2024-12-15T00:42:34Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241212 - 20241211) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692015 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241212 - 20241211) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} bdaiy4wnyqafqxfvx2unjf30iz0n6x1 6 317243 2692017 2024-12-15T00:43:32Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241213 - 20241212) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692017 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241213 - 20241212) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} qdm2ethpxh7cn65mpdj481rdg4shz9w 6 317244 2692019 2024-12-15T00:44:18Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2692019 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=1. Bisection Method (20241214 - 20241213) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-12-14 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 7168sqbtilxuc6a95sqjw6es7jjjvcf 0 317245 2692032 2024-12-15T10:08:14Z Eshaa2024 2993595 New resource with "Goursat's Lemma is a crucial result in the proof of the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral theorem]].It restricts the integration paths to triangles, making it provable via a [[w:en:Complex Analysis/Lemma_von_Goursat_(Details)|geometric subdivision argument]]. == Statement == Let <math>D \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a closed triangle, <math>G \supseteq D</math> an open set, and <math>f \colon U \to \mathbb{C}</math> a w:en:Holomorphic_function|holom..." 2692032 wikitext text/x-wiki Goursat's Lemma is a crucial result in the proof of the [[w:en:Cauchy's integral theorem|Cauchy's integral theorem]].It restricts the integration paths to triangles, making it provable via a [[w:en:Complex Analysis/Lemma_von_Goursat_(Details)|geometric subdivision argument]]. == Statement == Let <math>D \subseteq \mathbb{C}</math> be a closed triangle, <math>G \supseteq D</math> an open set, and <math>f \colon U \to \mathbb{C}</math> a [[w:en:Holomorphic_function|holomorphic]] function. Then: <math>\int_{\partial D} f(z), dz = 0.</math> == Proof == Set <math>\Delta_0 := D</math>. We inductively construct a sequence <math>(\Delta_n)_{n \geq 0}</math> with the properties: 1. <math>\Delta_n \subseteq \Delta_{n-1}</math> 2. <math>\mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_n) = 2^{-n}\mathcal{L}(\partial D)</math>, where <math>\mathcal{L}</math> represents the [[Course:Complex Analysis/Curve|length of a curve]] 3. <math>\left|\int_{\partial D} f(z), dz\right| \leq 4^n \left|\int_{\partial \Delta_n} f(z), dz\right|</math> For <math>n \geq 0</math> and <math>\Delta_n</math> already constructed, we subdivide <math>\Delta_n</math> by connecting the midpoints of its sides, forming four subtriangles <math>\Delta_{n+1}^i</math>, <math>1 \leq i \leq 4</math>. Since the contributions of the midpoints cancel out in the integration, we have: <center><math>\begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\left|\int_{\partial \Delta_n} f(z)\, dz\right| &= \displaystyle\left|\sum_{i=1}^4 \int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}^i} f(z)\, dz\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^4 \left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}^i} f(z)\, dz\right|\\ &\le \displaystyle\max_i \left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}^i} f(z)\, dz\right| \end{array}</math></center> Choose <math>1 \leq i \leq 4</math> such that <math>\left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}^i} f(z), dz\right| = \max_i\left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}^i} f(z), dz\right|</math> and set <math>\Delta_{n+1} := \Delta_{n+1}^i</math>. Then, by construction: <math>\Delta_{n+1} \subseteq \Delta_n</math>, <math>\mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_{n+1}) = \frac{1}{2}\mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_n) = 2^{-(n+1)}\mathcal{L}(\partial D)</math>, and <math>\left|\int_{\partial D} f(z), dz\right| \leq 4^n \left|\int_{\partial \Delta_n} f(z), dz\right| \leq 4^{n+1} \left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n+1}} f(z), dz\right|.</math> This ensures <math>\Delta_{n+1}</math> has the required properties. Since all <math>\Delta_n</math> are compact, <math>\bigcap_{n\geq 0} \Delta_n \neq \emptyset</math>. Let <math>z_0 \in \bigcap_{n\geq 0} \Delta_n</math>. As <math>f</math> is holomorphic at <math>z_0</math>, there exists a neighborhood <math>V</math> of <math>z_0</math> and a continuous function <math>A \colon V \to \mathbb{C}</math> with <math>A(z_0) = 0</math> such that: <math>f(z) = f(z_0) + (z-z_0)f'(z_0) + A(z)(z-z_0), \qquad z \in V.</math> Since the function <math>z \mapsto f(z_0) + (z-z_0)f'(z_0)</math> has a primitive, it follows for <math>n \geq 0</math> with <math>\Delta_n \subseteq V</math> that: <math>\int_{\partial \Delta_n} f(z), dz = \int_{\partial \Delta_n} f(z_0) + (z-z_0)f'(z_0) + A(z)(z-z_0) , dz = \int_{\partial \Delta_n} A(z)(z-z_0) , dz.</math> Thus, due to the continuity of <math>A</math> and <math>A(z_0) = 0</math>, we obtain: <center><math> \begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle\left|\int_{\partial D} f(z)\, dz\right| &\le \displaystyle 4^n\left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n}} f(z)\, dz\right|\\ &= \displaystyle 4^n\left|\int_{\partial \Delta_{n}} A(z)(z-z_0)\, dz\right|\\ &\le\displaystyle 4^n \cdot \mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_n) \max_{z\in \partial \Delta_n} |z-z_0||A(z)|\\ &\le\displaystyle 4^n \cdot \mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_n)^2 \max_{z\in \partial \Delta_n} |A(z)|\\ &=\displaystyle \mathcal{L}(\partial D) \max_{z\in \partial \Delta_n} |A(z)|\\ &\to\displaystyle \mathcal{L}(\partial D) |A(z_0)| = 0, \qquad n \to \infty. \end{array}</math></center> == Notation in the Proof == <math>\Delta_n</math> is the <math>n</math>-th subtriangle of the original triangle, with side lengths scaled by a factor of <math>\frac{1}{2^n}</math>. <math>\partial \Delta_n</math> is the integration path along the boundary of the <math>n</math>-th subtriangle, with perimeter <math>\mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_n) = \frac{1}{2^n} \cdot \mathcal{L}(\partial \Delta_0)</math>. == See Also == [[Complex Analysis/Goursat's Lemma (Details)|Goursat's Lemma (Details)]] [[Complex Analysis/rectifiable curve|rectifiable curve]] [[Category:Complex Analysis]] 5x230zwehxkfnpxzh6bokirp212cscd