Wikiversity:Colloquium

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&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:30, 6 August 2024 (UTC)
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== User group for Wikiversians ==

Was there ever a discussion about the possibility of establishing a user group in the sense of an affiliated organization that would defend the interests of professors and scientists on Wikiversity and possibly actively develop some projects? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:21, 8 August 2024 (UTC)

:Not that I'm aware of. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:20, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
:It's a pleasure to talk to a scientist on Wikiversity. I am a historian of technics and I would like to publish the following biography either on Wikiversity or on Wikipedia: 
:https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Rbmn/Arthur_Constantin_KREBS_(1850-1935):_Military_engineer,_Automotive_industrialist,_Great_projects_manager
:What would be your advice? [[User:Rbmn|Rbmn]] ([[User talk:Rbmn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rbmn|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 October 2024 (UTC)
::The content appears to be largely biographical/encyclopedic, so I think it is likely best suited to Wikipedia. Consider improving/incorporating this content into the existing page: [[w:Arthur Constantin Krebs]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:05, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::Please do not link to the Wikiversity [[wv:userspace|Userspace]] in Wikipedia articles. You will want to wait until you have a page in the [[wv:mainspace|Wikiversity mainspace]]. You'll also want to use the &lt;code&gt;{{[[:w:Template:Wikiversity|Wikiversity]]}}&lt;/code&gt; template (on Wikipedia) rather than embedding a photo with a link. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:21, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:I haven't heard anything about this topic. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 21:06, 8 December 2024 (UTC)

== Rich's ''Illustrated Companion'' at Wikiversity: Right place? ==

Hello! I am creating a Wiki-version of a classical glossary (''Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary, and Greek Lexicon'' by Anthony Rich, 1849), which explains the meaning of Latin headwords, primarily those &quot;representing visible objects connected with the arts, manufactures, and every-day life of the Greeks and Romans.&quot; The aim is to help understand what a (classical) Latin text is actually about, instead of merely translating it. I already transcribed the entire text and scanned the images (about 1900) from an original 1849-edition. I am currently working on uploading the images to ''Mediawiki Commons'', which probably will take some time. In the meantime I want to prepare the other aspects of the project (more than 3000 articles, already with many internal links). The important thing: this is ''not'' a ''might exist''-project.  {{Color|red|My question: Is ''Wikiversity'' the proper place for it?}} Although I created an exact rendition of the original text, ''Wikisource'' is not applicable, because the project has a broader scope (adding content to the articles, e. g. links to online editions for quotations, adding images, but also adding entirely new articles). Neither is ''Wikibooks'', because this is not a textbook and may otherwise breach its scope. For more about the project see [[w:User:CalRis25/Temp-RICH-Prospectus|my user-page]] at en.wikipedia. {{Color|Red|So, is Wikiversity the right place for it?}} [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 09:15, 17 August 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks for asking. To be clear, it ''is'' acceptable to make [[:s:en:Category:Wikisource annotations|annotated editions]] of texts at Wikisource and Wikibooks does host at least one [[:b:en:Annotations of The Complete Peanuts|annotated guide to a copyright-protected work]]. So if what you're looking to do is to include inline annotations to a public domain text, you certainly can put that on Wikisource. If you have a textbook or guidebook that is a companion, that would go at Wikibooks. If you have some other kind of learning resources (like maintaining a list of relevant links, organizing a book reading group, etc.), that could go here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:26, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
::Thank you for your quick answer. Actually, ''Wikibooks'' was my first thought. However, this project is not merely an annotated edition. Although at first it ''will'' be a faithful copy of the original text, I want the project to be &quot;open&quot;, i. e. adding articles should be possible. And the project should enable to do a lot more than mere inline annotation. See section [[w:User:CalRis25/Temp-RICH-Prospectus#Improving_RICH|Improving Rich]] in the project description a my user-page (en.Wikipedia). No ''Mediawiki''-project (Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikipedia, Wiktionary) seemed to be a sufficiently applicable &quot;fit&quot; for the project, so I thought of Wikiversity as a last resort, because it is supposed to be home to all sorts of &quot;learning resources&quot;. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 09:57, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
:::The scope of Wikiversity ''is'' pretty catch-all and would allow for a pretty flexible place to host most learning resources that don't fit elsewhere.
:::Also, as nitpick, &quot;MediaWiki&quot; is the software that is the basis of these wikis (wikis being collections of interlinked documents that can be edited) and &quot;Wikimedia Foundation&quot; is the non-profit who owns the trademarks and hosts these projects like Wiktionary and Wikivoyage. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 10:06, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
::::Hello Justin, thank you for the reply. '''I think that settles it. I will create this project at ''Wikiversity''.''' Just for additional clarification, why I do so. Let's imagine a full transcription of the original 1849-edition of the ''Illustrated Companion'' by Anthony Rich and call it ''RICH-1849''. We shall call my project, for brevity sake, RICH-2K. And now, let's have a look at the article about the Roman toga (a piece of attire). In ''RICH-1849'' we can can call it ''RICH-1849/Toga'', and it contains ''exactly'' the content of the 1849-book. Now, let's look at the article ''RICH-2K/Toga''. At the beginning its only content would be the article ''RICH-1849/Toga''. Does that make ''RICH-2K/Toga'' and ''RICH-1849/Toga'' the same? Not at all, because in truth ''RICH-2K/Toga'' is a &quot;container&quot; which initially contains only the article ''RICH-1849/Toga'' but later on may include more stuff: images, external links, article text which builds on or extends ''RICH-1849/Toga'' and information from other sources of information (Wikipedia, specialized books). By the way, this added article information would not be a mere copy of the text at en.Wikipedia, because the information needs to looked at through the eyes of someone reading the original text (more citations with direct links to these etc.). [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 11:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)

== Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it! ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
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== New [[Template:Form]] ==

Hi! Today I was bold and created [[Template:Form]] (which calls [[Module:WikiForm]] and [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiForm.js]]). The template allows to create user-friendly forms that can create pages or add content to existing pages. My motivation and first use case was [[Wikidebate/New|this form]] to create new [[wikidebates]], but I suspect the template can be useful elsewhere on Wikiversity. Let me know if you notice any issues or have any requests or concerns. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 15:21, 21 August 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 23:20, 22 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Template consolidation: User talk page block notice ==
Wondering if someone who likes templates could have a go at consolidating or helping decide between use of:
* [[Template:Block]]
* [[Template:Blocked]]

Unless I'm missing something, it seems like we don't need both?

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 07:16, 23 August 2024 (UTC)
: I tried to figure out a Wikidata item with most links to projects. I found this: [[Wikidata:Q6379131]], which is Template:Uw-block. There is even a corresponding Wikiversity template, [[Template:Uw-block1]] (not used anywhere).
: My impression is that of the three templates, we only need one. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:43, 13 September 2024 (UTC)

== Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:07, 2 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Re: The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

[[File:Vector 2022 video-en.webm|thumb|A two minute-long video about Vector 2022]]
Hello everyone, I'm reaching out on behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] responsible for the MediaWiki skins. I'd like to revisit the topic of making Vector 2022 the default here on English Wikiversity. I [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/September 2022#The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks?|did post a message about this almost two years ago]] (where you can find all the details about the skin), but we didn't finalize it back then.

What happened in the meantime? We built [[mw:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|dark mode and different options for font sizes]], and made Vector 2022 the default on most wikis, including all other Wikiversities. With the not-so-new V22 skin being the default, existing and coming features, like dark mode and [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] respectively, will become available for logged-out users here.

So, if no large concerns are raised, we will deploy Vector 2022 here in two weeks, in the week of September 16. Do let me know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SGrabarczuk (WMF)|contribs]]) 21:48, 2 September 2024 (UTC)

:Sounds good, Szymon - we look forward to the upcoming change of skin {{smile}} Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 07:35, 13 September 2024 (UTC)
* I for one oppose a switch to Vector 2022. I do not find it preferable. Here is a staggering evidence of user refusal of Vector 2022 once it was deployed: [[W:en:Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Rollback of Vector 2022]], Junuary 2023. 355 voters supported rollback to Vector 2010 whereas 64 opposed, yielding 84.7% support, as clear a supermajority as one may wish. These people opposing Vector 2022 feel the same way as I do. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 10:48, 13 September 2024 (UTC)
*:Hey @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. Thanks for your comment. I'm open to discussion about problems with our software, and I hope we can maintain a respectful tone.
*:I understand that there are users who prefer Vector legacy or other skins, just as there are people who still stick to Monobook. Such people are active across many wikis. They can keep Vector legacy, although non-default skins don't have the support the default ones do. We are rolling out for technical reasons, as I mentioned above, with benefit to not logged-in users.
*:Regarding the rollback RfC on Wikipedia, two neutral users stated that there was no consensus for rollback, RfC is not a vote, and the numbers were different (355:226:24). I believe this all is pretty easy to verify.
*:So to sum up, Vector 2022 needs to become the default, tons and tons of comments were made about the skin and related stuff, and we have taken many ideas into account, and it's totally OK if you stick to Vector legacy.
*:Thanks! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SGrabarczuk (WMF)|contribs]]) 19:30, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
*:: Today, I visited Wikiversity and found it switched to Vector 2022. I changed my preference settings to Vector 2010. From what I understand, non-registered visitors are now defaulted to Vector 2022 despite its unpopularity in [[W:en:Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Rollback of Vector 2022]]. I have not seen any evidence that users prefer Vector 2022, and given the evidence in the linked RfC, I tentatively conclude that the decision to switch has made the site experience worse for the majority of users. The logic of &quot;you can switch&quot; surely applies to Vector 2022 as well: those who prefer it can switch to it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:08, 17 September 2024 (UTC)

== Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees! ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:15, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Separate page for hyperbola. ==

Good morning,

I notice that a search for &quot;hyperbola&quot; redirects to &quot;Conic sections&quot;.

At present there is a separate page for &quot;ellipse&quot;. Therefore a separate page for &quot;hyperbola&quot; seems to be justified.

Could this redirection be changed so that search for &quot;hyperbola&quot; goes to a separate page for &quot;hyperbola&quot;?

Many thanks,

[[User:ThaniosAkro|ThaniosAkro]] ([[User talk:ThaniosAkro|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThaniosAkro|contribs]]) 12:04, 15 September 2024 (UTC)

:It is true that ellipses are covered at [[Conic sections]] (along with hyperbolas, parabolas, etc.) and there is a separate page for [[ellipse]]s that elaborates. We certainly ''could'' have a page about [[hyperbola]]s that is separate, but no one has written sufficient content to spin it off yet. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 15 September 2024 (UTC)

== I hereby request for your Unblocking IP address and just reviewed and received a reverted rec ==

Hi there. {{unsigned|Ishmael Raphasha}}
:No one has any clue what you're talking about. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:53, 18 September 2024 (UTC)

== RICH-2K: New project with some initial questions ==

Hello! I'm creating a new learning resource on ''Wikiversity''. The respective project is based on my transcription of a classical dictionary from 1849 by Anthony Rich. For more information about the project see its [[User:CalRis25/RICH: Description|description page]] (see also that page for why not ''Wikisource'' or ''Wikibooks''). The project's scope is fairly big: 3205 article-pages plus 304 REDIRECT-pages. The images (scanned by myself from an original copy) have been uploaded to ''Commons''. I have some initial technical questions (more of these and more detailed ones will follow):

* '''Upload''': Due to the large number of pages it is not realistic to create these manually. Is it possible to bulk-upload these in some way (the Wikitext of the pages is created using a Python-script with one file per article/page)? Is it possible to upload these to a test-environment first where any problems (hopefully none) can be identified and dealt with more easily than on the production-version of ''Wikiversity''?
* '''(Technical) Structure''': I am planning to set up this project at ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/RICH-2K&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' as the main page and anything else as subpages: ''RICH-2K/Subpage_1 ... RICH-2K/Subpage_n''. However, these subpages fall into two categories: 1. Article-pages (content) and 2. Meta/Administrative pages. This project requires search capability restricted to the ''RICH-2K''-namespace. The ''Mediawiki''-software seems to supply a ''Search''-input field with the possibility to restrict the search to some namespace. I would like, however, to restrict the search further to the first group of pages, namely the articles. Is that possible, perhaps by use of (hidden) categories?
* '''External links''': This project will need many external links, and yes, I have read the relevant ''Wikiversity''-pages, but this specific project needs them. The ''Recommended Editions''-page (used for recommended online editions, to which to link when citing texts) alone probably will require several hundred external links. However, only relatively few [[w:Second-level domain|second-level domains]] will be involved, and most of these should be trustworthy (Perseus Digital library, digital collections of universities etc., in some cases, however, also ''Archive.org''). Perhaps there is a list of web-sites, for which external links are generally allowed? And who is allowed to create external links on ''Wikiversity''-pages (I haven't found the relevant policy)?
* '''Categories''': This project requires quite a few of its own categories, which belong to two large groups: 1. Categories (2 levels) of the ''Classed Index'' (about 170 categories), a thematic index of some (but not all) of the articles. 2. Administrative categories. Is there a recommended way to distinguish between different classes of categories within a project (category name or other method)? What about naming conventions for project-specific categories?

I am looking forward to your input. If you think that it's preferable we can move the discussions to the [[User_talk:CalRis25/RICH:_Description|Talk-page]] of the project's description. Thank you in advance. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 05:29, 20 September 2024 (UTC)

:*Admins have access to [[Special:Import]] and can bulk import XML pages. You can create pages in your sandbox if you'd like and make an indefinite amount of them at pages like [[User:CalRis25/sandbox]]. What can and cannot be hosted in user namespace is very loose, but still has to follow in principle Wikiversity's scope.
:*Using subpages is in principle a good way to organize these various resources. Please do not name them after a user name or something obscure. I personally think that &quot;RICH-2K&quot; is a not optimal name. I may recommend something like [[Anthony Rich Dictionary Project]] or [[21st-Century Anthony Rich Dictionary]] or something more obviously intelligible. While we have very few actual policies and guidelines, see [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]] for a rough consensus of what is probably best practice for naming pages.
:*External linking generally does not use an allowed list (a.k.a. whitelist model), but a disallow (a.k.a. blacklist) model. See [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]] and [[Special:BlockedExternalDomains]] (which is currently empty but is another method of listing blocked domains). It's perfectly fine to aggregate external links in learning resources.
:*I'm not 100% sure what the distinction is that you're drawing, but you can freely arrange categories underneath a main category that has the same name as your larger project. So, following the suggestions I gave, you could have a category like [[:Category:Anthony Rich Dictionary Project]] and then create any number of subcategories that logically help users navigate all these pages. Please make sure the main category you create is itself categorized under some relevant category(ies). If you need help, please ask.
:I think this answers your questions, please let me know if I'm unclear or you have more. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:11, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
::Hello Justin!
::* '''Upload:''' Creating the project in sandbox pages of my User-namespace defeats the purpose, as this is an ''open'' project. Also that would not solve, as such, the problem of having to manually create thousands of pages. I wonder, does ''Wikiversity'' support creation of pages using its API. ''Mediawiki's'' [[mw:API:Main_page|API-description]] seems to imply that it ought to be possible. If that's the case, I should be able to create a Python-script which automatically creates the pages (of course, a few trial pages first).
::* '''(Technical) Structure''': You may be right, here. RICH-2K is, for now, merely a technical name to make a clear but not too verbose distinction between the original text and the current project. I'll give this more thought.
::* '''External links''': I brought this up mainly because when I first edited my ''Wikiversity''-page, I got a message that I was not allowed to create external links. However, I just now tested creating an external link on my user-page and got no error, so this problem seems to be solved.
::* '''Categories''': I think I know what you mean. I'll create a category structure and maybe ask some specific questions once I am ready to do so.
::Thank you for your quick help. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 18:51, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
:::re: upload, I'm just suggesting your sandbox(es) as you asked about &quot;a test-environment&quot;. Anyone can edit someone else's sandboxes, but you typically defer to other users to control what's in their own subpages as a collegial thing. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:39, 23 September 2024 (UTC)

Hello! I have two further questions:
# I created a category-structure for the project. Could you (or someone else) have a look at it ([[User:CalRis25/RICH: Categories]]) and answer the questions in the section [[User:CalRis25/RICH:_Categories#Questions|Questions]]? I gave it some thought and believe that this would work fine for the project.
# ''Project boxes'' (see [[Help:Tour of project boxes]]): It is unclear to me, whether these belong only on the main page of the project (that makes the most sense to me), or on every single subpage.
Thanks in advance for your help. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 17:51, 24 September 2024 (UTC)

:To answer your questions here:
:*No, you are not contravening any policies we have.
:*A leading &quot;The&quot; is acceptable, but if you want it to sort alphabetically, you will have to use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. E.g. to get Category:The Best Stuff to sort under &quot;B&quot;, insert &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Best Stuff, The}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:*Trailing &quot;etc.&quot; is acceptable.
:*An accent in a category title is acceptable.
:I'll also note that it looks like you have in mind some tracking categories that are redundant. Pages such as [[Special:LonelyPages]] and [[Special:DeadendPages]] already do automatically what you're proposing to do manually.
:As for project boxes, it's typically the case that the subjects are only placed on the main resource, but as you may imagine, [[Help:Tour of project boxes/1|status completion ones]] may vary from subpage to subpage. As with most things at Wikiversity, there are very few actual rules, so it's pretty much the wild west, even tho this project has been around for almost 20&amp;nbsp;years. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:18, 25 September 2024 (UTC)
::Hello Justin, thanks for the DEFAULTSORT-hint for categories beginning with ''The''. I will restrict the project boxes to the main page. As for the the orphaned/dead-end-categories, I prefer these to be project-specific. Once the project is up and running, putting articles &quot;on the map&quot; (making them accessible from other articles and creating links to other articles) is one of the first tasks to be dealt with. I already know which articles are involved and will add these categories to these articles. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 16:51, 25 September 2024 (UTC)

== Your wiki will be in read-only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
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==Download as PDF==
[[Phabricator:T376438]]: &quot;Download to PDF&quot; on en.wv is returning error: &quot;{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;HTTPError&quot;,&quot;message&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:500,&quot;detail&quot;:&quot;Internal Server Error&quot;}&quot;

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

:I just downloaded this page as a PDF and it worked just fine. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:04, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

== Protected template bug for Pp ==

It seems that templates derivative of {{tlx|Pp}} (compiled in {{tlx|Protection templates}}) are being sorted into protection categories using the name 'Wikipedia' instead of 'Wikiversity' (e.g., [[:Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]]). From what I can tell, it is not in the publicly accessible source code of any of the templates. The only other impacted pages are modules which call {{tlx|pp}}-derivatives (e.g., [[Module:Navbar/styles.css]]).

This does not seem to affect any other pages in [[:Category:Wikiversity protected templates]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 18:59, 4 October 2024 (UTC)

:The problem is that &quot;Wikipedia&quot; is [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ns828=1&amp;search=Wikipedia&amp;searchToken=9svkpqlxxoquoq7bnkt55ugts mentioned in several modules that were copied over from en.wp]; many of these are legit and many of them need to be replaced with &quot;Wikiversity&quot; ([https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Module%3APp-move-indef&amp;diff=2662815&amp;oldid=1944984 e.g.]) This particular change ''may'' fix all of these issues...? But 1.) it will take time to propagate across the site and 2.) there are still many more &quot;Wikipedia&quot;s that need to be changed, so I'll go thru a few more, but if you want to give me an assist, if you can just check this one week from now and ping me if the problem persists, that would be nice. Sometimes, I make calendar reminders to follow up on these, but I'm not a perfect person. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:55, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,


We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 October 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== 'Edit to my talk page' notification bug? ==

This may belong at the bug tracker, but does anyone else have an issue disabling ''email'' notifications upon  an 'Edit to my talk page' in [[Special:GlobalPreferences]]? Oddly I ''am'' able to disable the global preference on Wikipedia, MediaWiki, etc, but not here. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 09:23, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

:I have not experienced this, but to be clear, do you also have the option to get emails when items on your talk page are edited turned on? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:39, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::The only (non-grayed out) options I have enabled for email are 'Failed login attempts' and 'Login from an unfamiliar device'. 'Edit to my talk page' re-checks after every save. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 09:54, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::That does sound like a [[phab:]] issue, with the caveat that I don't 100% recall how global preferences work and if they override local ones, etc. If you have parsed that and still have this issue, you'll probably need to file a ticket. Maybe someone else has this issue. Wish I could help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:57, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::::[[phab:T376601|Off 'n away]] 🫡 [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 10:35, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Portal:Computer Science]] ➝ [[Portal:Information sciences]] ==

Seeking consensus to complete the merge into the broader portal. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:28, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Why should it be merged? Computer Science seems well-enough designed. What is the incentive to collapse it into a broader field of study? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:18, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::Portals as top level organizations allowing for content to be best centralized. Also note that I did not start the merge, just offering to finish it. Perhaps a {{tlx|prod}} instead? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 07:20, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I have no objections, personally. If it gets done, please use a redirect and should someone want to come along to resurrect it later, it will be easier. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:21, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
: Is computer science really a branch of information sciences? I would not think so, but what do I know. Do we have some external resources/links confirm this idea? [[W:Information science]] currently says: &quot;Information science, documentology[1] or informatology[2][3] is an academic field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.&quot; --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:49, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::Looking through [https://stackoverflow.com/q/1047014/22673230] [https://businessdegrees.uab.edu/mis-degree-bachelors/resources/computer-information-systems-vs-computer-science/] [https://www.si.umich.edu/student-experience/what-information-science] a few top (not necessarily RS) searches I'm inclined to agree. I am more familiar with the grafted [[:w:Information and computer science|information ''and'' computer science]] which makes an effort to merge the disciplines, but it does not seem like reaching to say that IS is presented as more applications-concerned (certainly with no lack of theoretical abstraction), whereas CS can be more freely associated with any and all 'science related to computers'. It is easy to reason about the connection between the fields, but I think it is clear academia maintains this taxonomy for a good reason.
::With these considerations, I think I will ''stop'' the process of merging in favor of expanding the existing [[School:Library and Information Science]]. 

::Let me know if there is not consensus to redirect [[Portal:Information sciences]] to [[School:Library and Information Science]] (with enough expansion it can generalize away from just library sciences). [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 16:16, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::: I do not see that a merge of a ''portal'' to a ''school'' is a good thing. Do you have a clear idea of the concepts of school and portal and how they relate to each other? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 16:34, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Found [[:Category:Information sciences]]; there are enough existing resources in there to make my other proposed merge excessive. I will simply continue developing the existing [[Portal:Information sciences]] instead. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 17:05, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: Frankly, I would ideally see [[Portal:Information sciences]] deleted: I don't see what it does that a category would not do well enough. There does not seem to be any material specific to &quot;Information sciences&quot; (whatever that is) in that portal at all. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 17:11, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::::Tacked a {{tlx|prod}} for an eventual deletion, but I may still try to develop it as proof of concept at some point. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 17:33, 11 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Occupational Epidemiology]] ==

I propose moving the pages in this category (without leaving redirects) to their equivalent under the parent resource [[Occupational Health Risk Surveillance]]. Also due to the number of subpages, it seems &lt;code&gt;|filing=deep&lt;/code&gt; would be a justified. (Also [[Special:PrefixIndex/Occupational_Epidemiology|there are quite a few]] untagged subpages.) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 05:11, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
: I above all think that the content should be ''moved out of the mainspace'': I do not see readers learning anything from e.g. [[Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Reading of scientific articles for learning epidemiology and biostatstics]] or [[Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Ongoing projects/Risk Communication in Seafaring/Writing the article guideline IMRAD]]. Wikiversity can be kind enough to host that material in, say, subspace of [[User:Saltrabook]], but more should not be asked, I think. Let us recall that per [[WV:Deletions]], &quot;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely&quot;; I do not see how learning outcomes can be anything but scarce. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:04, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::thank you, agree @ [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:03, 13 November 2024 (UTC)

== Active editors ==

It is interesting to observe the stats on [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikiversity.org/contributing/active-editors/normal|line|all|(page_type)~content*non-content|monthly active editors] through the project's history. October is our month! [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 20:44, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Odd. Maybe related to the school year? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:10, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::I wonder how many are [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]'s crowd... the number is in the hundreds though, so that is one chunky cohort —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:16, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Yes, [[Motivation and emotion/Book]] involves ~100-150 students editing most intensely during October each year. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:20, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Neat, that still leaves around ~50-100 other students from other avenues each year since 2021. I also wonder which projects were involved in the COVID enrollment spike. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:26, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::Personally I can admit that my editing is much more active during the school season vs. the summer break, so I'm in the same boat as Jtneill's students. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:24, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
:@[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] This is an interesting topic, but it is not clear to me as an outsider what you and other participants in this discussion find interesting. I  find this graph not very meaningful because it does not tell me if the number of  Active editors has gone up or down during the period covered, which I think was 2000-now. 
:I can see a big jump between 2000 and 2007, but what happened since then? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC)

== Intentionally incorrect resource ==

There is a [[Special:Diff/2583464|disclaimer inserted onto a resource]] (by not the original author) that:
&lt;blockquote&gt;I am merely [making this page false] to show you (The viewer) that Wikipedia and this page 'Wikiversity' is bull sh*t and it will not give you the reliability you need when writing an academic piece of writing.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
However, that IP has [[Special:Contributions/86.22.73.151|not made any other edits]], so unless they vandalized via a sock, the intent went un-realized and only that portion need be removed. Bumping here in case there is some obvious jumbo in that essay that someone else can catch. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 16:58, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

:Removed that portion, which was obviously vandalism. No perspective on the rest of the essay. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:38, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Proposed guidelines]] ==

Noting for future editors that WV has collapsed all proposals into [[:Category:Proposed policies|proposed policies]]. Seeking consensus to further collapse [[:Category:Wikiversity proposals]] into the former, or to restore [[:Category:Proposed guidelines]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 19:19, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Around Wikiversity in 80 Seconds|Broken 80-second tour]] ==

Bumping a [[Talk:Around_Wikiversity_in_80_Seconds|comment]] on the ''Wikiversity in 80 seconds'' tour. Appears wikisuite is not working with the Vector 2022 appearance. 

Also see [[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Wikiversuite_pages|this thread]] on the Wikiversal package - may not be relevant to Wikiversity, but FYC. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:26, 10 October 2024 (UTC)
: I would just delete the material; I do not see value in it. If others agree, I would try to articulate why I think it should be deleted (or move to author user space). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:57, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
::Just mark as {{tl|historical}}. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:39, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
::: This thing was created by [[User:Planotse]]. His creations are now being discussed in Wikibooks for deletion: [[B:Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Wikiversal generated pages]]. It seems he used some kind of tool that is no longer available (the above mentioned &quot;Wikiversal&quot; package) to create this kind of slideshow-like material (believing the Wikibooks discussion). I do not see value of this in the mainspace, not even as historical (I am okay with userspace, but maybe even that is not the best option?). A look at the source code of [[Around Wikiversity in 80 Seconds/Introduction]] confirms the words of Omphalographer, namely that &quot;the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them [the pages] unreasonably difficult to edit.&quot;
::: I went ahead and marked the page for proposed deletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:35, 14 October 2024 (UTC)

== Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:09, 16 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Interactive elements ==
Can we use interactive elements on Wikiversity? I'd like to add JavaScript to a page. If it's not possible now, where can I suggest this feature? I have a safe integration idea.
[[User:Отец Никифор|Отец Никифор]] ([[User talk:Отец Никифор|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Отец Никифор|contribs]]) 12:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC)
: This is beyond my technical knowledge, but have you checked out:
:* https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Interface/JavaScript?
:* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject JavaScript]]
:* [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]

:What sort of interactive elements are you thinking about?

: Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:39, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
::I was thinking about adding something like a graph with adjustable controls, where users can interact with it and see how different changes affect the outcome. It seems like this could be a useful feature. There might already be discussions about enhancing Wikiversity or similar platforms—perhaps on a relevant talk page or in a Discord group. Do you know where such discussions might be happening? [[User:Отец Никифор|Отец Никифор]] ([[User talk:Отец Никифор|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Отец Никифор|contribs]]) 19:47, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
:::From a quick look, maybe check out:
:::* [[mw:Extension:Graph]]
:::* [[phab:tag/graphs]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:40, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
:::: mw:Extension:Graph is currently disabled on Wikipedia etc. wikis, for security reasons, and seems unlikely to be enabled again. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:30, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== An unexplained spurt of Wikiversity page views ==
The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&amp;source=pageviews&amp;agent=user&amp;start=2024-06-01&amp;end=2024-10-18&amp;sites=en.wikiversity.org|en.wikibooks.org|en.wikiquote.org|en.wikisource.org page view report] shows an unexplained spurt of Wikiversity page views, reaching over 4 times the baseline and then falling back again. Does anyone have any idea what is going on? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:Interesting. I wonder why only the English wikiquote and wikiversity and not Wikisource or wikibooks? How reliable do you think those stats are? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:44, 8 December 2024 (UTC)
:I guess the mention in mass media might be a cause. Someone metions it and then thousands go and look. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:02, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Center tempate failed on a contributors phone... ==

See the edit comment here - https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiphilosophers&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2673962. I'm puzzled as this is the first failure of this, I've noted recently. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 08:45, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== Essay-like page in user space that makes little sense and seems incoherent ==
The page [[User:TheoYalur/Illusions]] seems to match the description, at least by my assessment. My understanding is that since the page is only in user space and not in the mainspace, it can stay there even if it has those disqualifying qualities. But if I am wrong and the page belongs deleted, please correct me and let me know. I do not know which policy or guideline, if any, guides the case. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 12:30, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC)
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:Hi @[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]]: I Just noticed your post above, and it is timely.
:I have been participating in the English WikiUniversity for a few years, much less often recently. I seems like something in the way the site displays is different, but I cannot put my finger on it. Your posting gave me a clue. Can you please tell me where  the link to wikidata items has moved to? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:23, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
::Hello @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]], sure, I would be happy to. The button/sitelink name didn't change, just its position. You should find it in the sidebar-menu under the section '''In other projects''' (where the links to all other Wikimedia Projects are displayed). If you do not see it, please reach out to us on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Move Wikidata item - Discussion page]]. Thank you, -[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|contribs]]) 09:24, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], thank you for responding. I intend to followup on the ''Move Wikidata item - Discussion page'' as per your post above by putting it on my ever growing todo list.
:::I don't know about others on this wiki, as I said I have not been visiting here frequently, but for me the constant changes are a big distraction. I have been around wikimedia projects since 2007, so why do I have to spend so much time learning and re-learning how to find what I came here for? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:41, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
::::Hi @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]], thanks for you thoughts. Your input whether positive or critical helps us understand the impacts to editors so we welcome your further thoughts when you reach us in your To Do List :)
::::I can't speak about the other changes you've experienced here but I do hope they are made with a spirit of improvement for the community as a whole. -[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|contribs]]) 10:43, 16 December 2024 (UTC)

== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Android app for Wikiversity ==

Hi, is there an Android app for Wikiversity? How does it work? I have been advised that there is no infrastructure for push notifications for Android apps for sister wikis and I would be interested to know more. Related: [[:phab:T378545]]. Thanks! [[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] 23:15, 29 October 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks for suggesting this - I agree that it would be useful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:56, 31 October 2024 (UTC)
:@[[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]]: Would you explain your terminology  for those of us not in the know. What does ''push notifications'' mean? I use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Notifications notifications] when I am communicating on wikimedia projects, but have never heard this term before. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:13, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
:I dont think there is an app.  [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:01, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:This would be useful, however we do not have an app for Wikiversity yet. I am thinking of helping out with no-code or low code tools, but I am working on some courses here. I might be able to do some contributions though. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 14:14, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Import Resource From Wikibooks? ==

Hello! [[wikibooks:Character_List_for_Baxter&amp;Sagart|Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] and related titles [[wikibooks:Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Character_List_for_Baxter&amp;Sagart|are up for deletion at Wikibooks]] because WB policy does not allow dictionaries like them. However, because they are useful as learning tools, I am wondering if they might have a home here at Wikiversity. Pinging @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] here to link them in to this discussion, since they are the affected user. Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:18, 1 November 2024 (UTC)

:Sure, I can do it. That said, as mentioned there, it does seem like something like this is ideally suited for Wiktionary in the Appendix namespace, but I'm not very familiar with CJK characters and languages. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:23, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
::Oh man, these pages are too big to import and while I've already tried a half-dozen times, it will constantly fail. Strictly speaking, we don't have to use the import feature for licensing purposes. We can just copy and paste the contents and list the usernames or on the talk page. I think that's the solution. {{Ping|Tibetologist}}, are you interested in doing that? If you just copied and pasted these pages and then added [[:Category:Chinese]] and maybe include a couple of links to the pages, that would probably be ideal. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:31, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
:::That would work for me. I guess I will try and see how it goes. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 10:13, 29 December 2024 (UTC)

== Language translation requests? ==

Is there anywhere on Wikiversity to request translation, for example, requesting Latin or French translation? I would be asking from the context as a student, so I would be interested in translation explanation as well. [[User:Indexcard88|Indexcard88]] ([[User talk:Indexcard88|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Indexcard88|contribs]]) 04:56, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

:I am not too sure about this topic. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:44, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:55, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Events on Wikiversity ==

Since Wikipedia and Wikivoyage are having their &quot;Asian Month&quot; editathon, I was thinking if we could start up a Wikiversity version of that. This would be an &quot;Asian Month&quot; as well, but it would be about creating resources based on Asia and its culture. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:57, 6 December 2024 (UTC)

:Not immediately opposed, but the question is, do we have an active enough community to facilitate this? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:31, 6 December 2024 (UTC)
::I'm not too sure. As long as we get enough traffic, this could happen. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 December 2024 (UTC)
:::This is to increase traffic on Wikiversity, which is promoted amongst other communities. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 December 2024 (UTC)
:Hi @[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], This is a good idea, but will it also involve users who are not &quot;professors and scientists&quot;. Just curious. cheers, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:30, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
::Yes, considering the fact that Wikiversity is for everyone, and not just for specific users. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 09:09, 10 December 2024 (UTC)
:::because I'm personally not a &quot;professor&quot; or a &quot;scientist&quot; and because '''anyone''' can create resources on Wikiversity. We want to make Wikiversity open for everyone, and not just for certain users. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 09:10, 10 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I am also not a professor or a scientist, but it seems to me that as result I am viewed here as a visitor rather than someone who can contribute. Just my $.02. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:05, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:I am affraid, that creation of educational resources on certain topic is way harder then wikipedia. Secondly while wikipedia stub does not matter, education resource stub is uselless completly. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:59, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::How is it useless, you can contribute to other learning resources and maybe improve it as such, if you have some knowledge on a particular topic or something else. This is to increase diversity. Just a kind notice. It's also pretty hard to do it on Wikivoyage, but that's the same for every platform. Stubs may be improved on, and this is the concept. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:19, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::There are lots of stubs here, on Wikiversity. So the whole purpose of this event is to increase engagement and willingness to edit these pages. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:24, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Wikiversity - Newsletters ==

Hello All,

I wanted to create a newsletter on Wikiversity, which would highlight what is going on in certain months and events on Wikiversity; which would bolster engagement by many people. This would be on the website and would have its dedicated 'Newsletter' tab.

I hope you acknowledge this idea. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 21:05, 8 December 2024 (UTC)

:@[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], What sort of things do you plan to include in your newsletter? Will they be different than what is currently in [[Main Page/News]]? Just curious.
:I am also wondering about your motive which I think is: to bolster engagement by many people. I am asking because I wonder if others who are currently active here also think this I is desirable? Have you asked them? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:34, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
::Not yet, which was why I was asking this on the colloquium. I plan to include things that many people have created on Wikiversity over the month, as it is a monthly newsletter. It would be somewhere on the website here. It will be more frequent that the ones seen on [[Main Page/News]]. We will include people's resources to essentially promote them. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 06:50, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::@[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], I Think what you are saying is that ''Main Page/News'' does not update frequently enough? 
:::If this is the reason, why not start small by simply increasing the frequency of posting news on the main page, instead of trying to start a newsletter?
:::If there is more, can you articulate what else is missing. Thanks in advance, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:51, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I meant going to detail into topics covered in that month, rather than just giving a few points. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 16:53, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::What sort of details did you have in mind? You can pick one of the links provided in [[Main Page/News]] to illustrate. cheers, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:29, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::I'm thinking of the community entering their projects, and discussing those in the newsletter. It depends on what they want, though. There would be a dedicated page for giving the information about their projects [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:24, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::I might start working on this soon, depending on the projects being created on Wikiversity. @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:25, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::::I'd recommend you start off with putting this under a userspace page (something like [[User:RockTransport/Wikiversity Newsletter]]), and drafting what you desire. Let us know once it's done, and the community can provide their input. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 18:30, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::I will try and make one for this month. This is supposed to be a monthly newsletter, showcasing the different projects mentioned there. Users can put their projects, and we will document them on the newsletter. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:33, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::I am hoping for it to be released by January 2025. There's no rush to get it done; it's still in it's planning stage. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:43, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I '''might''' be able to icnrease the frequency there, but it doesn't go into detail about these topics. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:30, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
:Where you are going to get the audience for your website and Wikiversity newsletter? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::It's on Wikiversity, not on an outside platform. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 13:51, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::The audience will be Wikiversity contributors. There will be a dedicated page for it on Wikiversity. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 13:55, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

== Describing Wikiversity content on Wikidata ==

Anyone knows how to properly describe Wikiversity pages on Wikidata? Any examples for some content pages like courses, supplement materials etc.? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

:For general topics that will have other Wikimedia Foundation project links (e.g. [[astronomy]]), there will probably be a sufficient short description already, but for subpages or more obscure topics, you could plausibly use &quot;Wikimedia content page&quot; or some such. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:52, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::Yeah, general topics are easy to map. While specific projects which does not have Wikipedia counterparts and which are quite specific it would be nice to have few examples - i.e. what are typical properties of a course or research project. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:00, 19 December 2024 (UTC)

== Degrees ==

Why does Wikiversity not provide degrees? I know it was a promise to the Wikimedia Foundation in the Wikiversity project proposal. But anyway, why is that? Wikiversity is about opening doors, i.e., removing obstacles. So, what kind of an obstacle was a paper? Was a certain body of knowledge that you learned well?! Because Wikiversity is not accredited for that? Yes, and do we need official US accreditation? We cannot create our system so that the learners who learn here and would like to continue their science career have a recognizable degree they can continue? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:19, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

:&quot;I know it was a promise to the Wikimedia Foundation in the Wikiversity project proposal.&quot; Was it? Becoming a degree-granting institution is an extremely high bar in the United States, but what is even the point in becoming a degree-granting institution in... Malawi? Tonga? Somewhere else where the servers aren't located or the WMF aren't incorporated? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:53, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::I ment certificates. The question is the recognazibility of a certificate. I am not talking here about equal certification, which is provided by governmental institucians to universities, rather on Wikiversity own certification, which might may advocate itself over the time. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:05, 19 December 2024 (UTC)
::: We could issue certificates in some residing in certain jurisdictions probably (?). To my knowledge, there is no legal prohibition federally against doing this in the USA as long as no misrepresentation happens. Although some states might prohibit it (?). Degrees are likely different (at least with respect to accreditation). Please let me know if you believe I am likely incorrect in my understanding. I asked an LLM this prompt, &quot;is there any prohibition legally in USA for a DAO (decentralized autonomous organization or wiki community related to learning, teaching, and research) from issuing certifications or certificates to those who go through learning materials and educational resources that might be on a decentralized or nonprofit wiki that has an active community?&quot; (i won't post the specific result, but I wrote and engineered that prompt myself). The LLM output seemed to indicate my understanding noted here is correct, but LLM's are sometimes wrong. what do you or others think about this? [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 18:49, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

== Common Corpus and LLM training ==

Greetings. I believe LLM generated content is not currently allowed on this wiki. No problem. I am curious - what if the dataset an [[LLM]] is trained on is all in the public domain; would this or does this change that with regards to LLM generated content being allowed (presuming the LLM output is verified and accurate)? Has there been any discussion on this wiki or other MediaWiki wikis about LLM generated content by LLM's that is trained exclusively on CC-0/public domain data? i.e. Common Corpus https://huggingface.co/blog/Pclanglais/common-corpus
[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 18:41, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

:I believe Wikibooks (a Wikimedia platform) is developing a policy on LLMs, but I'm not too sure. [[User:RockTransport|''Rock Transport'']] [[ ([[User_talk:RockTransport|Talk page]])  15:20, 31 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="87691" sha1="fjuyqobo3picfxahkefn9h05wrkkjvp" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikiversity:Colloquium/Header}}
&lt;!-- MESSAGES GO BELOW --&gt;
== Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:30, 6 August 2024 (UTC)
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== User group for Wikiversians ==

Was there ever a discussion about the possibility of establishing a user group in the sense of an affiliated organization that would defend the interests of professors and scientists on Wikiversity and possibly actively develop some projects? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:21, 8 August 2024 (UTC)

:Not that I'm aware of. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:20, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
:It's a pleasure to talk to a scientist on Wikiversity. I am a historian of technics and I would like to publish the following biography either on Wikiversity or on Wikipedia: 
:https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Rbmn/Arthur_Constantin_KREBS_(1850-1935):_Military_engineer,_Automotive_industrialist,_Great_projects_manager
:What would be your advice? [[User:Rbmn|Rbmn]] ([[User talk:Rbmn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rbmn|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 October 2024 (UTC)
::The content appears to be largely biographical/encyclopedic, so I think it is likely best suited to Wikipedia. Consider improving/incorporating this content into the existing page: [[w:Arthur Constantin Krebs]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:05, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::Please do not link to the Wikiversity [[wv:userspace|Userspace]] in Wikipedia articles. You will want to wait until you have a page in the [[wv:mainspace|Wikiversity mainspace]]. You'll also want to use the &lt;code&gt;{{[[:w:Template:Wikiversity|Wikiversity]]}}&lt;/code&gt; template (on Wikipedia) rather than embedding a photo with a link. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:21, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:I haven't heard anything about this topic. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 21:06, 8 December 2024 (UTC)

== Rich's ''Illustrated Companion'' at Wikiversity: Right place? ==

Hello! I am creating a Wiki-version of a classical glossary (''Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary, and Greek Lexicon'' by Anthony Rich, 1849), which explains the meaning of Latin headwords, primarily those &quot;representing visible objects connected with the arts, manufactures, and every-day life of the Greeks and Romans.&quot; The aim is to help understand what a (classical) Latin text is actually about, instead of merely translating it. I already transcribed the entire text and scanned the images (about 1900) from an original 1849-edition. I am currently working on uploading the images to ''Mediawiki Commons'', which probably will take some time. In the meantime I want to prepare the other aspects of the project (more than 3000 articles, already with many internal links). The important thing: this is ''not'' a ''might exist''-project.  {{Color|red|My question: Is ''Wikiversity'' the proper place for it?}} Although I created an exact rendition of the original text, ''Wikisource'' is not applicable, because the project has a broader scope (adding content to the articles, e. g. links to online editions for quotations, adding images, but also adding entirely new articles). Neither is ''Wikibooks'', because this is not a textbook and may otherwise breach its scope. For more about the project see [[w:User:CalRis25/Temp-RICH-Prospectus|my user-page]] at en.wikipedia. {{Color|Red|So, is Wikiversity the right place for it?}} [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 09:15, 17 August 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks for asking. To be clear, it ''is'' acceptable to make [[:s:en:Category:Wikisource annotations|annotated editions]] of texts at Wikisource and Wikibooks does host at least one [[:b:en:Annotations of The Complete Peanuts|annotated guide to a copyright-protected work]]. So if what you're looking to do is to include inline annotations to a public domain text, you certainly can put that on Wikisource. If you have a textbook or guidebook that is a companion, that would go at Wikibooks. If you have some other kind of learning resources (like maintaining a list of relevant links, organizing a book reading group, etc.), that could go here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:26, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
::Thank you for your quick answer. Actually, ''Wikibooks'' was my first thought. However, this project is not merely an annotated edition. Although at first it ''will'' be a faithful copy of the original text, I want the project to be &quot;open&quot;, i. e. adding articles should be possible. And the project should enable to do a lot more than mere inline annotation. See section [[w:User:CalRis25/Temp-RICH-Prospectus#Improving_RICH|Improving Rich]] in the project description a my user-page (en.Wikipedia). No ''Mediawiki''-project (Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikipedia, Wiktionary) seemed to be a sufficiently applicable &quot;fit&quot; for the project, so I thought of Wikiversity as a last resort, because it is supposed to be home to all sorts of &quot;learning resources&quot;. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 09:57, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
:::The scope of Wikiversity ''is'' pretty catch-all and would allow for a pretty flexible place to host most learning resources that don't fit elsewhere.
:::Also, as nitpick, &quot;MediaWiki&quot; is the software that is the basis of these wikis (wikis being collections of interlinked documents that can be edited) and &quot;Wikimedia Foundation&quot; is the non-profit who owns the trademarks and hosts these projects like Wiktionary and Wikivoyage. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 10:06, 17 August 2024 (UTC)
::::Hello Justin, thank you for the reply. '''I think that settles it. I will create this project at ''Wikiversity''.''' Just for additional clarification, why I do so. Let's imagine a full transcription of the original 1849-edition of the ''Illustrated Companion'' by Anthony Rich and call it ''RICH-1849''. We shall call my project, for brevity sake, RICH-2K. And now, let's have a look at the article about the Roman toga (a piece of attire). In ''RICH-1849'' we can can call it ''RICH-1849/Toga'', and it contains ''exactly'' the content of the 1849-book. Now, let's look at the article ''RICH-2K/Toga''. At the beginning its only content would be the article ''RICH-1849/Toga''. Does that make ''RICH-2K/Toga'' and ''RICH-1849/Toga'' the same? Not at all, because in truth ''RICH-2K/Toga'' is a &quot;container&quot; which initially contains only the article ''RICH-1849/Toga'' but later on may include more stuff: images, external links, article text which builds on or extends ''RICH-1849/Toga'' and information from other sources of information (Wikipedia, specialized books). By the way, this added article information would not be a mere copy of the text at en.Wikipedia, because the information needs to looked at through the eyes of someone reading the original text (more citations with direct links to these etc.). [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 11:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)

== Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it! ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
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== New [[Template:Form]] ==

Hi! Today I was bold and created [[Template:Form]] (which calls [[Module:WikiForm]] and [[MediaWiki:Gadget-WikiForm.js]]). The template allows to create user-friendly forms that can create pages or add content to existing pages. My motivation and first use case was [[Wikidebate/New|this form]] to create new [[wikidebates]], but I suspect the template can be useful elsewhere on Wikiversity. Let me know if you notice any issues or have any requests or concerns. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 15:21, 21 August 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 23:20, 22 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Template consolidation: User talk page block notice ==
Wondering if someone who likes templates could have a go at consolidating or helping decide between use of:
* [[Template:Block]]
* [[Template:Blocked]]

Unless I'm missing something, it seems like we don't need both?

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 07:16, 23 August 2024 (UTC)
: I tried to figure out a Wikidata item with most links to projects. I found this: [[Wikidata:Q6379131]], which is Template:Uw-block. There is even a corresponding Wikiversity template, [[Template:Uw-block1]] (not used anywhere).
: My impression is that of the three templates, we only need one. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:43, 13 September 2024 (UTC)

== Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:07, 2 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Re: The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

[[File:Vector 2022 video-en.webm|thumb|A two minute-long video about Vector 2022]]
Hello everyone, I'm reaching out on behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] responsible for the MediaWiki skins. I'd like to revisit the topic of making Vector 2022 the default here on English Wikiversity. I [[Wikiversity:Colloquium/archives/September 2022#The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks?|did post a message about this almost two years ago]] (where you can find all the details about the skin), but we didn't finalize it back then.

What happened in the meantime? We built [[mw:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|dark mode and different options for font sizes]], and made Vector 2022 the default on most wikis, including all other Wikiversities. With the not-so-new V22 skin being the default, existing and coming features, like dark mode and [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] respectively, will become available for logged-out users here.

So, if no large concerns are raised, we will deploy Vector 2022 here in two weeks, in the week of September 16. Do let me know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SGrabarczuk (WMF)|contribs]]) 21:48, 2 September 2024 (UTC)

:Sounds good, Szymon - we look forward to the upcoming change of skin {{smile}} Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 07:35, 13 September 2024 (UTC)
* I for one oppose a switch to Vector 2022. I do not find it preferable. Here is a staggering evidence of user refusal of Vector 2022 once it was deployed: [[W:en:Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Rollback of Vector 2022]], Junuary 2023. 355 voters supported rollback to Vector 2010 whereas 64 opposed, yielding 84.7% support, as clear a supermajority as one may wish. These people opposing Vector 2022 feel the same way as I do. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 10:48, 13 September 2024 (UTC)
*:Hey @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. Thanks for your comment. I'm open to discussion about problems with our software, and I hope we can maintain a respectful tone.
*:I understand that there are users who prefer Vector legacy or other skins, just as there are people who still stick to Monobook. Such people are active across many wikis. They can keep Vector legacy, although non-default skins don't have the support the default ones do. We are rolling out for technical reasons, as I mentioned above, with benefit to not logged-in users.
*:Regarding the rollback RfC on Wikipedia, two neutral users stated that there was no consensus for rollback, RfC is not a vote, and the numbers were different (355:226:24). I believe this all is pretty easy to verify.
*:So to sum up, Vector 2022 needs to become the default, tons and tons of comments were made about the skin and related stuff, and we have taken many ideas into account, and it's totally OK if you stick to Vector legacy.
*:Thanks! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SGrabarczuk (WMF)|contribs]]) 19:30, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
*:: Today, I visited Wikiversity and found it switched to Vector 2022. I changed my preference settings to Vector 2010. From what I understand, non-registered visitors are now defaulted to Vector 2022 despite its unpopularity in [[W:en:Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Rollback of Vector 2022]]. I have not seen any evidence that users prefer Vector 2022, and given the evidence in the linked RfC, I tentatively conclude that the decision to switch has made the site experience worse for the majority of users. The logic of &quot;you can switch&quot; surely applies to Vector 2022 as well: those who prefer it can switch to it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:08, 17 September 2024 (UTC)

== Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees! ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:15, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Separate page for hyperbola. ==

Good morning,

I notice that a search for &quot;hyperbola&quot; redirects to &quot;Conic sections&quot;.

At present there is a separate page for &quot;ellipse&quot;. Therefore a separate page for &quot;hyperbola&quot; seems to be justified.

Could this redirection be changed so that search for &quot;hyperbola&quot; goes to a separate page for &quot;hyperbola&quot;?

Many thanks,

[[User:ThaniosAkro|ThaniosAkro]] ([[User talk:ThaniosAkro|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThaniosAkro|contribs]]) 12:04, 15 September 2024 (UTC)

:It is true that ellipses are covered at [[Conic sections]] (along with hyperbolas, parabolas, etc.) and there is a separate page for [[ellipse]]s that elaborates. We certainly ''could'' have a page about [[hyperbola]]s that is separate, but no one has written sufficient content to spin it off yet. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 15 September 2024 (UTC)

== I hereby request for your Unblocking IP address and just reviewed and received a reverted rec ==

Hi there. {{unsigned|Ishmael Raphasha}}
:No one has any clue what you're talking about. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:53, 18 September 2024 (UTC)

== RICH-2K: New project with some initial questions ==

Hello! I'm creating a new learning resource on ''Wikiversity''. The respective project is based on my transcription of a classical dictionary from 1849 by Anthony Rich. For more information about the project see its [[User:CalRis25/RICH: Description|description page]] (see also that page for why not ''Wikisource'' or ''Wikibooks''). The project's scope is fairly big: 3205 article-pages plus 304 REDIRECT-pages. The images (scanned by myself from an original copy) have been uploaded to ''Commons''. I have some initial technical questions (more of these and more detailed ones will follow):

* '''Upload''': Due to the large number of pages it is not realistic to create these manually. Is it possible to bulk-upload these in some way (the Wikitext of the pages is created using a Python-script with one file per article/page)? Is it possible to upload these to a test-environment first where any problems (hopefully none) can be identified and dealt with more easily than on the production-version of ''Wikiversity''?
* '''(Technical) Structure''': I am planning to set up this project at ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/RICH-2K&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' as the main page and anything else as subpages: ''RICH-2K/Subpage_1 ... RICH-2K/Subpage_n''. However, these subpages fall into two categories: 1. Article-pages (content) and 2. Meta/Administrative pages. This project requires search capability restricted to the ''RICH-2K''-namespace. The ''Mediawiki''-software seems to supply a ''Search''-input field with the possibility to restrict the search to some namespace. I would like, however, to restrict the search further to the first group of pages, namely the articles. Is that possible, perhaps by use of (hidden) categories?
* '''External links''': This project will need many external links, and yes, I have read the relevant ''Wikiversity''-pages, but this specific project needs them. The ''Recommended Editions''-page (used for recommended online editions, to which to link when citing texts) alone probably will require several hundred external links. However, only relatively few [[w:Second-level domain|second-level domains]] will be involved, and most of these should be trustworthy (Perseus Digital library, digital collections of universities etc., in some cases, however, also ''Archive.org''). Perhaps there is a list of web-sites, for which external links are generally allowed? And who is allowed to create external links on ''Wikiversity''-pages (I haven't found the relevant policy)?
* '''Categories''': This project requires quite a few of its own categories, which belong to two large groups: 1. Categories (2 levels) of the ''Classed Index'' (about 170 categories), a thematic index of some (but not all) of the articles. 2. Administrative categories. Is there a recommended way to distinguish between different classes of categories within a project (category name or other method)? What about naming conventions for project-specific categories?

I am looking forward to your input. If you think that it's preferable we can move the discussions to the [[User_talk:CalRis25/RICH:_Description|Talk-page]] of the project's description. Thank you in advance. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 05:29, 20 September 2024 (UTC)

:*Admins have access to [[Special:Import]] and can bulk import XML pages. You can create pages in your sandbox if you'd like and make an indefinite amount of them at pages like [[User:CalRis25/sandbox]]. What can and cannot be hosted in user namespace is very loose, but still has to follow in principle Wikiversity's scope.
:*Using subpages is in principle a good way to organize these various resources. Please do not name them after a user name or something obscure. I personally think that &quot;RICH-2K&quot; is a not optimal name. I may recommend something like [[Anthony Rich Dictionary Project]] or [[21st-Century Anthony Rich Dictionary]] or something more obviously intelligible. While we have very few actual policies and guidelines, see [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions]] for a rough consensus of what is probably best practice for naming pages.
:*External linking generally does not use an allowed list (a.k.a. whitelist model), but a disallow (a.k.a. blacklist) model. See [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]] and [[Special:BlockedExternalDomains]] (which is currently empty but is another method of listing blocked domains). It's perfectly fine to aggregate external links in learning resources.
:*I'm not 100% sure what the distinction is that you're drawing, but you can freely arrange categories underneath a main category that has the same name as your larger project. So, following the suggestions I gave, you could have a category like [[:Category:Anthony Rich Dictionary Project]] and then create any number of subcategories that logically help users navigate all these pages. Please make sure the main category you create is itself categorized under some relevant category(ies). If you need help, please ask.
:I think this answers your questions, please let me know if I'm unclear or you have more. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:11, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
::Hello Justin!
::* '''Upload:''' Creating the project in sandbox pages of my User-namespace defeats the purpose, as this is an ''open'' project. Also that would not solve, as such, the problem of having to manually create thousands of pages. I wonder, does ''Wikiversity'' support creation of pages using its API. ''Mediawiki's'' [[mw:API:Main_page|API-description]] seems to imply that it ought to be possible. If that's the case, I should be able to create a Python-script which automatically creates the pages (of course, a few trial pages first).
::* '''(Technical) Structure''': You may be right, here. RICH-2K is, for now, merely a technical name to make a clear but not too verbose distinction between the original text and the current project. I'll give this more thought.
::* '''External links''': I brought this up mainly because when I first edited my ''Wikiversity''-page, I got a message that I was not allowed to create external links. However, I just now tested creating an external link on my user-page and got no error, so this problem seems to be solved.
::* '''Categories''': I think I know what you mean. I'll create a category structure and maybe ask some specific questions once I am ready to do so.
::Thank you for your quick help. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 18:51, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
:::re: upload, I'm just suggesting your sandbox(es) as you asked about &quot;a test-environment&quot;. Anyone can edit someone else's sandboxes, but you typically defer to other users to control what's in their own subpages as a collegial thing. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:39, 23 September 2024 (UTC)

Hello! I have two further questions:
# I created a category-structure for the project. Could you (or someone else) have a look at it ([[User:CalRis25/RICH: Categories]]) and answer the questions in the section [[User:CalRis25/RICH:_Categories#Questions|Questions]]? I gave it some thought and believe that this would work fine for the project.
# ''Project boxes'' (see [[Help:Tour of project boxes]]): It is unclear to me, whether these belong only on the main page of the project (that makes the most sense to me), or on every single subpage.
Thanks in advance for your help. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 17:51, 24 September 2024 (UTC)

:To answer your questions here:
:*No, you are not contravening any policies we have.
:*A leading &quot;The&quot; is acceptable, but if you want it to sort alphabetically, you will have to use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. E.g. to get Category:The Best Stuff to sort under &quot;B&quot;, insert &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Best Stuff, The}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:*Trailing &quot;etc.&quot; is acceptable.
:*An accent in a category title is acceptable.
:I'll also note that it looks like you have in mind some tracking categories that are redundant. Pages such as [[Special:LonelyPages]] and [[Special:DeadendPages]] already do automatically what you're proposing to do manually.
:As for project boxes, it's typically the case that the subjects are only placed on the main resource, but as you may imagine, [[Help:Tour of project boxes/1|status completion ones]] may vary from subpage to subpage. As with most things at Wikiversity, there are very few actual rules, so it's pretty much the wild west, even tho this project has been around for almost 20&amp;nbsp;years. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:18, 25 September 2024 (UTC)
::Hello Justin, thanks for the DEFAULTSORT-hint for categories beginning with ''The''. I will restrict the project boxes to the main page. As for the the orphaned/dead-end-categories, I prefer these to be project-specific. Once the project is up and running, putting articles &quot;on the map&quot; (making them accessible from other articles and creating links to other articles) is one of the first tasks to be dealt with. I already know which articles are involved and will add these categories to these articles. [[User:CalRis25|CalRis25]] ([[User talk:CalRis25|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/CalRis25|contribs]]) 16:51, 25 September 2024 (UTC)

== Your wiki will be in read-only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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==Download as PDF==
[[Phabricator:T376438]]: &quot;Download to PDF&quot; on en.wv is returning error: &quot;{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;HTTPError&quot;,&quot;message&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:500,&quot;detail&quot;:&quot;Internal Server Error&quot;}&quot;

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:36, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

:I just downloaded this page as a PDF and it worked just fine. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:04, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

== Protected template bug for Pp ==

It seems that templates derivative of {{tlx|Pp}} (compiled in {{tlx|Protection templates}}) are being sorted into protection categories using the name 'Wikipedia' instead of 'Wikiversity' (e.g., [[:Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]]). From what I can tell, it is not in the publicly accessible source code of any of the templates. The only other impacted pages are modules which call {{tlx|pp}}-derivatives (e.g., [[Module:Navbar/styles.css]]).

This does not seem to affect any other pages in [[:Category:Wikiversity protected templates]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 18:59, 4 October 2024 (UTC)

:The problem is that &quot;Wikipedia&quot; is [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ns828=1&amp;search=Wikipedia&amp;searchToken=9svkpqlxxoquoq7bnkt55ugts mentioned in several modules that were copied over from en.wp]; many of these are legit and many of them need to be replaced with &quot;Wikiversity&quot; ([https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Module%3APp-move-indef&amp;diff=2662815&amp;oldid=1944984 e.g.]) This particular change ''may'' fix all of these issues...? But 1.) it will take time to propagate across the site and 2.) there are still many more &quot;Wikipedia&quot;s that need to be changed, so I'll go thru a few more, but if you want to give me an assist, if you can just check this one week from now and ping me if the problem persists, that would be nice. Sometimes, I make calendar reminders to follow up on these, but I'm not a perfect person. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:55, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,


We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 October 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== 'Edit to my talk page' notification bug? ==

This may belong at the bug tracker, but does anyone else have an issue disabling ''email'' notifications upon  an 'Edit to my talk page' in [[Special:GlobalPreferences]]? Oddly I ''am'' able to disable the global preference on Wikipedia, MediaWiki, etc, but not here. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 09:23, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

:I have not experienced this, but to be clear, do you also have the option to get emails when items on your talk page are edited turned on? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:39, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::The only (non-grayed out) options I have enabled for email are 'Failed login attempts' and 'Login from an unfamiliar device'. 'Edit to my talk page' re-checks after every save. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 09:54, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::That does sound like a [[phab:]] issue, with the caveat that I don't 100% recall how global preferences work and if they override local ones, etc. If you have parsed that and still have this issue, you'll probably need to file a ticket. Maybe someone else has this issue. Wish I could help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:57, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::::[[phab:T376601|Off 'n away]] 🫡 [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 10:35, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Portal:Computer Science]] ➝ [[Portal:Information sciences]] ==

Seeking consensus to complete the merge into the broader portal. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:28, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Why should it be merged? Computer Science seems well-enough designed. What is the incentive to collapse it into a broader field of study? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:18, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::Portals as top level organizations allowing for content to be best centralized. Also note that I did not start the merge, just offering to finish it. Perhaps a {{tlx|prod}} instead? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 07:20, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I have no objections, personally. If it gets done, please use a redirect and should someone want to come along to resurrect it later, it will be easier. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:21, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
: Is computer science really a branch of information sciences? I would not think so, but what do I know. Do we have some external resources/links confirm this idea? [[W:Information science]] currently says: &quot;Information science, documentology[1] or informatology[2][3] is an academic field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.&quot; --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:49, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::Looking through [https://stackoverflow.com/q/1047014/22673230] [https://businessdegrees.uab.edu/mis-degree-bachelors/resources/computer-information-systems-vs-computer-science/] [https://www.si.umich.edu/student-experience/what-information-science] a few top (not necessarily RS) searches I'm inclined to agree. I am more familiar with the grafted [[:w:Information and computer science|information ''and'' computer science]] which makes an effort to merge the disciplines, but it does not seem like reaching to say that IS is presented as more applications-concerned (certainly with no lack of theoretical abstraction), whereas CS can be more freely associated with any and all 'science related to computers'. It is easy to reason about the connection between the fields, but I think it is clear academia maintains this taxonomy for a good reason.
::With these considerations, I think I will ''stop'' the process of merging in favor of expanding the existing [[School:Library and Information Science]]. 

::Let me know if there is not consensus to redirect [[Portal:Information sciences]] to [[School:Library and Information Science]] (with enough expansion it can generalize away from just library sciences). [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 16:16, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::: I do not see that a merge of a ''portal'' to a ''school'' is a good thing. Do you have a clear idea of the concepts of school and portal and how they relate to each other? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 16:34, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Found [[:Category:Information sciences]]; there are enough existing resources in there to make my other proposed merge excessive. I will simply continue developing the existing [[Portal:Information sciences]] instead. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 17:05, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: Frankly, I would ideally see [[Portal:Information sciences]] deleted: I don't see what it does that a category would not do well enough. There does not seem to be any material specific to &quot;Information sciences&quot; (whatever that is) in that portal at all. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 17:11, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::::::Tacked a {{tlx|prod}} for an eventual deletion, but I may still try to develop it as proof of concept at some point. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 17:33, 11 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Occupational Epidemiology]] ==

I propose moving the pages in this category (without leaving redirects) to their equivalent under the parent resource [[Occupational Health Risk Surveillance]]. Also due to the number of subpages, it seems &lt;code&gt;|filing=deep&lt;/code&gt; would be a justified. (Also [[Special:PrefixIndex/Occupational_Epidemiology|there are quite a few]] untagged subpages.) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 05:11, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
: I above all think that the content should be ''moved out of the mainspace'': I do not see readers learning anything from e.g. [[Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Reading of scientific articles for learning epidemiology and biostatstics]] or [[Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Ongoing projects/Risk Communication in Seafaring/Writing the article guideline IMRAD]]. Wikiversity can be kind enough to host that material in, say, subspace of [[User:Saltrabook]], but more should not be asked, I think. Let us recall that per [[WV:Deletions]], &quot;Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely&quot;; I do not see how learning outcomes can be anything but scarce. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:04, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
::thank you, agree @ [[User:Saltrabook|Saltrabook]] ([[User talk:Saltrabook|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Saltrabook|contribs]]) 21:03, 13 November 2024 (UTC)

== Active editors ==

It is interesting to observe the stats on [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikiversity.org/contributing/active-editors/normal|line|all|(page_type)~content*non-content|monthly active editors] through the project's history. October is our month! [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 20:44, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Odd. Maybe related to the school year? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:10, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::I wonder how many are [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]]'s crowd... the number is in the hundreds though, so that is one chunky cohort —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:16, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Yes, [[Motivation and emotion/Book]] involves ~100-150 students editing most intensely during October each year. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:20, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Neat, that still leaves around ~50-100 other students from other avenues each year since 2021. I also wonder which projects were involved in the COVID enrollment spike. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:26, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::Personally I can admit that my editing is much more active during the school season vs. the summer break, so I'm in the same boat as Jtneill's students. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:24, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
:@[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] This is an interesting topic, but it is not clear to me as an outsider what you and other participants in this discussion find interesting. I  find this graph not very meaningful because it does not tell me if the number of  Active editors has gone up or down during the period covered, which I think was 2000-now. 
:I can see a big jump between 2000 and 2007, but what happened since then? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC)

== Intentionally incorrect resource ==

There is a [[Special:Diff/2583464|disclaimer inserted onto a resource]] (by not the original author) that:
&lt;blockquote&gt;I am merely [making this page false] to show you (The viewer) that Wikipedia and this page 'Wikiversity' is bull sh*t and it will not give you the reliability you need when writing an academic piece of writing.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
However, that IP has [[Special:Contributions/86.22.73.151|not made any other edits]], so unless they vandalized via a sock, the intent went un-realized and only that portion need be removed. Bumping here in case there is some obvious jumbo in that essay that someone else can catch. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 16:58, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

:Removed that portion, which was obviously vandalism. No perspective on the rest of the essay. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:38, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Proposed guidelines]] ==

Noting for future editors that WV has collapsed all proposals into [[:Category:Proposed policies|proposed policies]]. Seeking consensus to further collapse [[:Category:Wikiversity proposals]] into the former, or to restore [[:Category:Proposed guidelines]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 19:19, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Around Wikiversity in 80 Seconds|Broken 80-second tour]] ==

Bumping a [[Talk:Around_Wikiversity_in_80_Seconds|comment]] on the ''Wikiversity in 80 seconds'' tour. Appears wikisuite is not working with the Vector 2022 appearance. 

Also see [[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Wikiversuite_pages|this thread]] on the Wikiversal package - may not be relevant to Wikiversity, but FYC. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:26, 10 October 2024 (UTC)
: I would just delete the material; I do not see value in it. If others agree, I would try to articulate why I think it should be deleted (or move to author user space). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:57, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
::Just mark as {{tl|historical}}. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:39, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
::: This thing was created by [[User:Planotse]]. His creations are now being discussed in Wikibooks for deletion: [[B:Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Wikiversal generated pages]]. It seems he used some kind of tool that is no longer available (the above mentioned &quot;Wikiversal&quot; package) to create this kind of slideshow-like material (believing the Wikibooks discussion). I do not see value of this in the mainspace, not even as historical (I am okay with userspace, but maybe even that is not the best option?). A look at the source code of [[Around Wikiversity in 80 Seconds/Introduction]] confirms the words of Omphalographer, namely that &quot;the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them [the pages] unreasonably difficult to edit.&quot;
::: I went ahead and marked the page for proposed deletion. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:35, 14 October 2024 (UTC)

== Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:09, 16 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Interactive elements ==
Can we use interactive elements on Wikiversity? I'd like to add JavaScript to a page. If it's not possible now, where can I suggest this feature? I have a safe integration idea.
[[User:Отец Никифор|Отец Никифор]] ([[User talk:Отец Никифор|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Отец Никифор|contribs]]) 12:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC)
: This is beyond my technical knowledge, but have you checked out:
:* https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Interface/JavaScript?
:* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject JavaScript]]
:* [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]

:What sort of interactive elements are you thinking about?

: Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:39, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
::I was thinking about adding something like a graph with adjustable controls, where users can interact with it and see how different changes affect the outcome. It seems like this could be a useful feature. There might already be discussions about enhancing Wikiversity or similar platforms—perhaps on a relevant talk page or in a Discord group. Do you know where such discussions might be happening? [[User:Отец Никифор|Отец Никифор]] ([[User talk:Отец Никифор|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Отец Никифор|contribs]]) 19:47, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
:::From a quick look, maybe check out:
:::* [[mw:Extension:Graph]]
:::* [[phab:tag/graphs]]
:::-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 22:40, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
:::: mw:Extension:Graph is currently disabled on Wikipedia etc. wikis, for security reasons, and seems unlikely to be enabled again. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:30, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== An unexplained spurt of Wikiversity page views ==
The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&amp;source=pageviews&amp;agent=user&amp;start=2024-06-01&amp;end=2024-10-18&amp;sites=en.wikiversity.org|en.wikibooks.org|en.wikiquote.org|en.wikisource.org page view report] shows an unexplained spurt of Wikiversity page views, reaching over 4 times the baseline and then falling back again. Does anyone have any idea what is going on? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:Interesting. I wonder why only the English wikiquote and wikiversity and not Wikisource or wikibooks? How reliable do you think those stats are? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:44, 8 December 2024 (UTC)
:I guess the mention in mass media might be a cause. Someone metions it and then thousands go and look. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:02, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Center tempate failed on a contributors phone... ==

See the edit comment here - https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiphilosophers&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2673962. I'm puzzled as this is the first failure of this, I've noted recently. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 08:45, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== Essay-like page in user space that makes little sense and seems incoherent ==
The page [[User:TheoYalur/Illusions]] seems to match the description, at least by my assessment. My understanding is that since the page is only in user space and not in the mainspace, it can stay there even if it has those disqualifying qualities. But if I am wrong and the page belongs deleted, please correct me and let me know. I do not know which policy or guideline, if any, guides the case. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 12:30, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC)
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:Hi @[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]]: I Just noticed your post above, and it is timely.
:I have been participating in the English WikiUniversity for a few years, much less often recently. I seems like something in the way the site displays is different, but I cannot put my finger on it. Your posting gave me a clue. Can you please tell me where  the link to wikidata items has moved to? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:23, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
::Hello @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]], sure, I would be happy to. The button/sitelink name didn't change, just its position. You should find it in the sidebar-menu under the section '''In other projects''' (where the links to all other Wikimedia Projects are displayed). If you do not see it, please reach out to us on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Move Wikidata item - Discussion page]]. Thank you, -[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|contribs]]) 09:24, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], thank you for responding. I intend to followup on the ''Move Wikidata item - Discussion page'' as per your post above by putting it on my ever growing todo list.
:::I don't know about others on this wiki, as I said I have not been visiting here frequently, but for me the constant changes are a big distraction. I have been around wikimedia projects since 2007, so why do I have to spend so much time learning and re-learning how to find what I came here for? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:41, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
::::Hi @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]], thanks for you thoughts. Your input whether positive or critical helps us understand the impacts to editors so we welcome your further thoughts when you reach us in your To Do List :)
::::I can't speak about the other changes you've experienced here but I do hope they are made with a spirit of improvement for the community as a whole. -[[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|contribs]]) 10:43, 16 December 2024 (UTC)

== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Android app for Wikiversity ==

Hi, is there an Android app for Wikiversity? How does it work? I have been advised that there is no infrastructure for push notifications for Android apps for sister wikis and I would be interested to know more. Related: [[:phab:T378545]]. Thanks! [[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] 23:15, 29 October 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks for suggesting this - I agree that it would be useful. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 00:56, 31 October 2024 (UTC)
:@[[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]]: Would you explain your terminology  for those of us not in the know. What does ''push notifications'' mean? I use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Notifications notifications] when I am communicating on wikimedia projects, but have never heard this term before. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:13, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
:I dont think there is an app.  [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:01, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:This would be useful, however we do not have an app for Wikiversity yet. I am thinking of helping out with no-code or low code tools, but I am working on some courses here. I might be able to do some contributions though. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 14:14, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Import Resource From Wikibooks? ==

Hello! [[wikibooks:Character_List_for_Baxter&amp;Sagart|Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] and related titles [[wikibooks:Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Character_List_for_Baxter&amp;Sagart|are up for deletion at Wikibooks]] because WB policy does not allow dictionaries like them. However, because they are useful as learning tools, I am wondering if they might have a home here at Wikiversity. Pinging @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] here to link them in to this discussion, since they are the affected user. Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:18, 1 November 2024 (UTC)

:Sure, I can do it. That said, as mentioned there, it does seem like something like this is ideally suited for Wiktionary in the Appendix namespace, but I'm not very familiar with CJK characters and languages. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:23, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
::Oh man, these pages are too big to import and while I've already tried a half-dozen times, it will constantly fail. Strictly speaking, we don't have to use the import feature for licensing purposes. We can just copy and paste the contents and list the usernames or on the talk page. I think that's the solution. {{Ping|Tibetologist}}, are you interested in doing that? If you just copied and pasted these pages and then added [[:Category:Chinese]] and maybe include a couple of links to the pages, that would probably be ideal. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:31, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
:::That would work for me. I guess I will try and see how it goes. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 10:13, 29 December 2024 (UTC)

== Language translation requests? ==

Is there anywhere on Wikiversity to request translation, for example, requesting Latin or French translation? I would be asking from the context as a student, so I would be interested in translation explanation as well. [[User:Indexcard88|Indexcard88]] ([[User talk:Indexcard88|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Indexcard88|contribs]]) 04:56, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

:I am not too sure about this topic. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:44, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:55, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27746256 --&gt;

== Events on Wikiversity ==

Since Wikipedia and Wikivoyage are having their &quot;Asian Month&quot; editathon, I was thinking if we could start up a Wikiversity version of that. This would be an &quot;Asian Month&quot; as well, but it would be about creating resources based on Asia and its culture. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:57, 6 December 2024 (UTC)

:Not immediately opposed, but the question is, do we have an active enough community to facilitate this? —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:31, 6 December 2024 (UTC)
::I'm not too sure. As long as we get enough traffic, this could happen. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 December 2024 (UTC)
:::This is to increase traffic on Wikiversity, which is promoted amongst other communities. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 December 2024 (UTC)
:Hi @[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], This is a good idea, but will it also involve users who are not &quot;professors and scientists&quot;. Just curious. cheers, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:30, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
::Yes, considering the fact that Wikiversity is for everyone, and not just for specific users. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 09:09, 10 December 2024 (UTC)
:::because I'm personally not a &quot;professor&quot; or a &quot;scientist&quot; and because '''anyone''' can create resources on Wikiversity. We want to make Wikiversity open for everyone, and not just for certain users. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 09:10, 10 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I am also not a professor or a scientist, but it seems to me that as result I am viewed here as a visitor rather than someone who can contribute. Just my $.02. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:05, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:I am affraid, that creation of educational resources on certain topic is way harder then wikipedia. Secondly while wikipedia stub does not matter, education resource stub is uselless completly. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:59, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::How is it useless, you can contribute to other learning resources and maybe improve it as such, if you have some knowledge on a particular topic or something else. This is to increase diversity. Just a kind notice. It's also pretty hard to do it on Wikivoyage, but that's the same for every platform. Stubs may be improved on, and this is the concept. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:19, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::There are lots of stubs here, on Wikiversity. So the whole purpose of this event is to increase engagement and willingness to edit these pages. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:24, 17 December 2024 (UTC)

== Wikiversity - Newsletters ==

Hello All,

I wanted to create a newsletter on Wikiversity, which would highlight what is going on in certain months and events on Wikiversity; which would bolster engagement by many people. This would be on the website and would have its dedicated 'Newsletter' tab.

I hope you acknowledge this idea. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 21:05, 8 December 2024 (UTC)

:@[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], What sort of things do you plan to include in your newsletter? Will they be different than what is currently in [[Main Page/News]]? Just curious.
:I am also wondering about your motive which I think is: to bolster engagement by many people. I am asking because I wonder if others who are currently active here also think this I is desirable? Have you asked them? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 17:34, 11 December 2024 (UTC)
::Not yet, which was why I was asking this on the colloquium. I plan to include things that many people have created on Wikiversity over the month, as it is a monthly newsletter. It would be somewhere on the website here. It will be more frequent that the ones seen on [[Main Page/News]]. We will include people's resources to essentially promote them. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 06:50, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::@[[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]], I Think what you are saying is that ''Main Page/News'' does not update frequently enough? 
:::If this is the reason, why not start small by simply increasing the frequency of posting news on the main page, instead of trying to start a newsletter?
:::If there is more, can you articulate what else is missing. Thanks in advance, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:51, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I meant going to detail into topics covered in that month, rather than just giving a few points. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 16:53, 12 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::What sort of details did you have in mind? You can pick one of the links provided in [[Main Page/News]] to illustrate. cheers, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:29, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::I'm thinking of the community entering their projects, and discussing those in the newsletter. It depends on what they want, though. There would be a dedicated page for giving the information about their projects [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:24, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::I might start working on this soon, depending on the projects being created on Wikiversity. @[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:25, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::::I'd recommend you start off with putting this under a userspace page (something like [[User:RockTransport/Wikiversity Newsletter]]), and drafting what you desire. Let us know once it's done, and the community can provide their input. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 18:30, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::I will try and make one for this month. This is supposed to be a monthly newsletter, showcasing the different projects mentioned there. Users can put their projects, and we will document them on the newsletter. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:33, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::I am hoping for it to be released by January 2025. There's no rush to get it done; it's still in it's planning stage. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 18:43, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I '''might''' be able to icnrease the frequency there, but it doesn't go into detail about these topics. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 17:30, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
:Where you are going to get the audience for your website and Wikiversity newsletter? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:38, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::It's on Wikiversity, not on an outside platform. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 13:51, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::The audience will be Wikiversity contributors. There will be a dedicated page for it on Wikiversity. [[User:RockTransport|RockTransport]] ([[User talk:RockTransport|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RockTransport|contribs]]) 13:55, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

== Describing Wikiversity content on Wikidata ==

Anyone knows how to properly describe Wikiversity pages on Wikidata? Any examples for some content pages like courses, supplement materials etc.? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:36, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

:For general topics that will have other Wikimedia Foundation project links (e.g. [[astronomy]]), there will probably be a sufficient short description already, but for subpages or more obscure topics, you could plausibly use &quot;Wikimedia content page&quot; or some such. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:52, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::Yeah, general topics are easy to map. While specific projects which does not have Wikipedia counterparts and which are quite specific it would be nice to have few examples - i.e. what are typical properties of a course or research project. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:00, 19 December 2024 (UTC)

== Degrees ==

Why does Wikiversity not provide degrees? I know it was a promise to the Wikimedia Foundation in the Wikiversity project proposal. But anyway, why is that? Wikiversity is about opening doors, i.e., removing obstacles. So, what kind of an obstacle was a paper? Was a certain body of knowledge that you learned well?! Because Wikiversity is not accredited for that? Yes, and do we need official US accreditation? We cannot create our system so that the learners who learn here and would like to continue their science career have a recognizable degree they can continue? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:19, 18 December 2024 (UTC)

:&quot;I know it was a promise to the Wikimedia Foundation in the Wikiversity project proposal.&quot; Was it? Becoming a degree-granting institution is an extremely high bar in the United States, but what is even the point in becoming a degree-granting institution in... Malawi? Tonga? Somewhere else where the servers aren't located or the WMF aren't incorporated? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:53, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
::I ment certificates. The question is the recognazibility of a certificate. I am not talking here about equal certification, which is provided by governmental institucians to universities, rather on Wikiversity own certification, which might may advocate itself over the time. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:05, 19 December 2024 (UTC)
::: We could issue certificates in some residing in certain jurisdictions probably (?). To my knowledge, there is no legal prohibition federally against doing this in the USA as long as no misrepresentation happens. Although some states might prohibit it (?). Degrees are likely different (at least with respect to accreditation). Please let me know if you believe I am likely incorrect in my understanding. I asked an LLM this prompt, &quot;is there any prohibition legally in USA for a DAO (decentralized autonomous organization or wiki community related to learning, teaching, and research) from issuing certifications or certificates to those who go through learning materials and educational resources that might be on a decentralized or nonprofit wiki that has an active community?&quot; (i won't post the specific result, but I wrote and engineered that prompt myself). The LLM output seemed to indicate my understanding noted here is correct, but LLM's are sometimes wrong. what do you or others think about this? [[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 18:49, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

== Common Corpus and LLM training ==

Greetings. I believe LLM generated content is not currently allowed on this wiki. No problem. I am curious - what if the dataset an [[LLM]] is trained on is all in the public domain; would this or does this change that with regards to LLM generated content being allowed (presuming the LLM output is verified and accurate)? Has there been any discussion on this wiki or other MediaWiki wikis about LLM generated content by LLM's that is trained exclusively on CC-0/public domain data? i.e. Common Corpus https://huggingface.co/blog/Pclanglais/common-corpus
[[User:Michael Ten|Michael Ten]] ([[User talk:Michael Ten|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Michael Ten|contribs]]) 18:41, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

:I believe Wikibooks (a Wikimedia platform) is developing a policy on LLMs, but I'm not too sure. [[User:RockTransport|''Rock Transport'']] [[ ([[User_talk:RockTransport|Talk page]])  15:20, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::Yes. See [[:b:en:WB:AI]]. I wrote a decent amount of it, but am hardly the only contributor. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:38, 31 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
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{{Create an account}}
{{TOCright}}   

This page explains why you should create a user account and join the {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} other registered users of the [[Wikiversity|English Wikiversity]].

== Reputation and Privacy ==
{{shortcut|WV:ACCOUNT/P}}

'''You do not need to reveal your offline identity''', but having an account gives you a fixed, Wikiversity identity that other users will recognize. Editing Wikiversity, while logged in, lets you build trust and respect through a history of good edits. It is also easier to communicate and collaborate with an editor if we know who you are (at least, who you are on Wikiversity). It is also easier for veteran users to [[Wikiversity:Assume Good Faith|assume good faith]] from new users who make the effort to create an account (and you may well become a veteran user yourself someday!).

'''If you are not logged in, all your edits are publicly associated''' with your IP address at the time of that edit. If you log in, all your edits are publicly associated with your account name, and are internally associated with your IP address. See [[Wikiversity:Privacy policy|Wikiversity's privacy policy]] for more information on this practice.

You are actually more anonymous (though more [[w:pseudonym|pseudonymous]]) logged in than you are as an &quot;anonymous&quot; editor, owing to the hiding of your IP address. Before selecting your username, you should [[Wikiversity:Username|consider various factors]], including privacy and the possibility of offline harassment. For example, if you include personal information, such as your email address, in your Wikiversity username, you may attract junk and spam mail to your email account.

== Voting ==
{{shortcut|WV:ACCOUNT/V|WV:VOTE}}

If you are logged in, you may see near the top of your window a message similar to: '''Voting has begun in the elections! Voting ends at UTC. Verify your eligibility and vote now.'''

Click on the link, follow the instructions, and, provided that you meet all qualifications, you will be able to vote in that particular election. The first requirement for eligibility to vote in any election is that you must be '''logged in.''' If not logged in, you cannot vote.

For most registered users, eligibility to vote requires a history of good edits, available only to registered users who log in and generate proof of good faith through such a history. If you create an account, login to your account, and do good work on Wikiversity, in time you will become eligible to vote in elections held by Wikiversity and other members of the Wiki Foundation.

== Upload file ==

If you are not logged in, there are limited selections available under &quot;Tools&quot; menu to the left. If you are logged in, an additional selection appears, &quot;Upload file.&quot; When you are logged in, you can upload a file to Wikiversity. If not logged in, you cannot upload. This is how the Wikiversity community assumes good faith on behalf of all registered users who log in. If you create an account and login to your account, you are rewarded with this powerful tool.

== Thank and be thanked ==

If you are not logged and you view the history of any page, it seems that everything is there that should be there.
However, if you are logged in and you review the history of any page, another option appears against the work of another user 
who was logged in and recorded a change, &quot;thank.&quot;
If you are logged in when you contribute to Wikiversity, you can be &quot;thanked&quot; for your work, but only by another user who is logged in.
If you are not logged in, you cannot &quot;thank&quot; or be &quot;thanked.&quot;

== New Pages ==
If you are not logged in, the number of new pages you may create is limited. If you are logged in and your account is [[Wikiversity:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]], this restriction is lifted.

==Cookies==
{{shortcut|WV:ACCOUNT/C|WV:COOKIE}}

Make sure you set the browser's preferences to accept [[w:HTTP cookie|cookies]] from Wikiversity. [[Special:Log/newusers]] will show when your user account is created. If your browser is not accepting cookies, then you can create an account, but you will '''not''' be able to log in to your account. If you create an account while not accepting cookies, you will see this message after you create your account:
[[Image:Need cookies.png|thumb|center|800px|A Wikiversity alert which appears when trying to log in with cookies not enabled.]]

==See also==
* [[Special:Userlogin/signup|Create a Wikiversity user account]]
* [[Wikiversity:Page protection|Page protection]]
* [[Wikiversity:Username]]

[[Category:Wikiversity FAQ]]
[[Category:User page information]]
[[Category:Wikiversity user accounts]]</text>
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The &quot;banking&quot; concept of education was a key educational theory critique by libertarian Brazilian educator [[w:Paulo Freire|Paulo Freire]] (in particularly, see [[w:Paulo Freire#Theoretical contributions]]) and refers to educational models and practice whereby students are assumed to be empty vaults into which educators deposit knowledge.

==External links==
* [http://faculty.dwc.edu/wellman/Friere.htm The &quot;banking&quot; concept of education] (Freire, translated to English)

[[Category:Educational psychology]]
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The &quot;banking&quot; concept of education was a key educational theory critique by libertarian Brazilian educator [[w:Paulo Freire|Paulo Freire]] (in particularly, see [[w:Paulo Freire#Theoretical contributions]]) and refers to educational models and practice whereby students are assumed to be empty vaults into which educators deposit knowledge.

==External links==
* [http://faculty.dwc.edu/wellman/Friere.htm The &quot;banking&quot; concept of education] (Freire, translated to English)

[[Category:Educational psychology]]</text>
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      <text bytes="77155" sha1="6m08lbq3043mlctorwa25ophrtofeiu" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}}[[cs:Wikiverzita:Nástěnka správců]][[fr:Wikiversité:Requêtes aux bibliothécaires]][[pt:Wikiversidade:Pedidos a administradores]]


== Request to move image files to Commons ==

I got [[User_talk:Guy_vandegrift#Files_on_Commons|'''this request''']] to move files from [[:Category:NowCommons]] and [[:Category:Files from USGS]]. I delete lots of files, but usually let others delete image files because of my ignorance of copyright laws.  I also have contributed a lot of files to Commons, but almost all of it is my own work.  So I am out of my comfort zone on this.  I don't even understand why these files should be moved.  

{{ping|User:MGA73}} Maybe we can find someone with more expertise on file transfers here on [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|Request custodian action]].--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 22:47, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

In a related vein, due to my inexperience with copyright regulations, perhaps it would be better if someone else processed the following files. All are up for speedy deletion.  And all seem like quality images and/or on potentially high quality WV resources.
&lt;gallery widths=50&gt;
File:Merged fig1.png
File:Merged matrix2.png
File:Rps all hsa.png
File:Selected domfams fix.png
File:Service-pnp-fsa-8b32000-8b32000-8b32095r.jpg
File:Summary.svg
File:Transtree.png
File:Untitled-91274a-1024.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
: My request was primary to delete files that was moved to Commons allready. But if anyone have checked files they are of course very welcome to move files to Commons too. Same with [[:Category:Files from Flickr]]. --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 16:32, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
::Thanks for the info. My ignorance of copyright law makes me very hesitant to delete image files.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:50, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::: I noticed [[User:Koavf]] just deleted a file moved to Commons. So perhaps Koavf could have a look at the files in [[:Category:NowCommons]] once there is a little time to spare? :-) --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 19:14, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::lol@&quot;time to spare&quot;, but sure. &lt;3 —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:17, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::Sometimes dirty tricks work ;-) --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 08:00, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Hooglimkt]] (again) ==
{{Archive top|User is blocked so I guess were are {{Done}}. [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:52, 26 February 2024 (UTC)}}
{{ping|Koavf}} After the last report ([[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/25#Special:Contributions/Hooglimkt]]), the user has restarted same types of edits. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:25, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

:{{not done}} But what is the action here? He just wrote a bunch of Portuguese stuff on his userpage. What needs to be done? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:30, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:: They are writing non-English advertisements on someone else's userpage, how can this be allowed? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:33, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:: Please compare the reported user and [[Special:CentralAuth/Hoogli]] (user whose userpage is targeted), they don't look like the same user. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:35, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:::Ah, sorry--I got the usernames confused. Yes, that is inappropriate and he's not here for constructive purposes. Sorry. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:37, 9 January 2024 (UTC){{Archive bottom}}

== [[Special:Contributions/NotAReetBot]] ==

According to [[WV:IU]], this username is not acceptable (implying bot), should this account be blocked? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:28, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
: I already sent a welcome and {{tl|uw-username}} (imported from enwiki). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:42, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
:I think explicitly saying that you're not a bot is acceptable, but I agree that it's probably not ideal. E.g. someone could have the username &quot;NotAReet&quot; and run a bot under this name. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 03:46, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

== Call for rewriting [[WV:UNC]] ==

This agenda is suggested at [[Wikiversity_talk:Username#WV:UNC needs updates]], since this is related to policy documentation, I would like to have the attention of our custodians. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:49, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/2409:4064:810:DA39:FA73:D928:2C4D:B401]] ==

Possible vandalism (Massive enwiki copies with MOS issues), seems to be related to the recently reported IP, please consider range block. All targeted pages are semi-protected. Reverted revisions seem to be enwiki copies, please also consider revision deletion if needed. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:38, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) Currently stale, will report again if they come back. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:04, 28 January 2024 (UTC)


== Scope of talk page usage for blocked users ==

I understand that the scope of talk page usage for blocked users is aimed at unblocking requests and relevant discussions. I would like to ask if Wikiversity has more exceptions accepted by the community. I'm asking this because I recently found [[special:diff/2602322]], and this does not seem to be related to an unblocking request. If unacceptable, custodians may need to remove talk page access from the user. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:53, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

== Please review recent edits at [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] ==
{{cot|long discussion}}
Recently we had many changes to this documentation. Reverting undiscussed changes would be non-controversial, but I'm not sure about the others. What would our custodians think about these edits? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 15:03, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
: Each of my edit has an explanation/rationale in the edit summary. Here a summarization: I above all removed sentences that presented a contradiction within the same page. I also switched the page to policy proposal away from policy since I could not find a discussion establishing the page as a policy and since, given the contradictions before my edits, the page could not have been taken seriously as a policy, that is, a set of rigid rules contrasting to guidelines. I could have discussed the changes somewhere first, but since the changes are well documented in their edit summaries, I hoped they could remain. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 17:56, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
::For the record, the original version (before recent efforts) can be found at [[Special:Permalink/1375824]]. Regarding my thoughts about these edits, I think we should distinguish between top pages and subpages.  If an instructor is inviting students to submit work in subspace, the instructor should have considerable flexibility regarding those subpages.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 00:03, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
::: While I'm not sure about what type of flexibility is being mentioned, I generally believe that teachers should have enough privileges to complete their projects. If our policies (and related proposals) restrict legitimate educational activities, then we are no longer a place for education. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
:: Thank you very much for the explanation and the summary, but I cannot guarantee that everyone will accept it. Removing contradictions sounds good. If the content was obvious nonsense or conflict with the entire Wikiversity, then your decision (blanking/removal) would be the most reasonable one. In this case, I think there were other options (such as rewriting to resolve contradictions), and that is why I'm calling for a review. For example, at [[special:diff/2602692]], you said that &quot;The obligation to use verifiable and reliable sources lies with the editors wishing to include information on Wikiversity page, not on those seeking to question it or remove it&quot; contradicts the option of scholarly research at Wikiversity. I don't understand how this becomes a contradiction (have you already explained that?). Even if it was a contradiction, I think blanking was not the only one option. We could have restricted the obligation to non-research content (such as educational resources) or downgraded the obligation to a recommendation, and avoid potential conflict with Wikiversity research content. The summary of my question is, &quot;Why have you decided to remove instead of suggesting a rewrite?&quot;. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:20, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
::: I see an obvious contradiction, as mentioned in the edit summary: if original research and original user-written essays are allowed, there is no &quot;obligation to use verifiable and reliable sources&quot;.
::: As for dropping text vs. rewrite: a rewrite creates an opportunity to introduce new mistakes and non-consensualities, a bad thing. By contrast, removal of problematic sentences removes defects. After removal of problematic sentences, we may focus on whether the text that remained after removal is really accurate and fully fit for purpose, which I do not think to be the case either; more corrective work is required. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:12, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for additional explanations. If somebody is going to produce their own research where anything similar was never published elsewhere, there would be no other independent secondary sources, so the Wikipedia-like verifiability is no longer reasonable at here. On the other hand, I believe that authors should work hard to avoid errors (calculation errors, uploading wrong images etc., I was talking about this type of verifiablity for research content), if they want to pass Wikijournal peer reviews then they need to do so. In addition, I expect many type of research comes out from previous research history, and I think it is reasonable to expect the Wikipedia-like verifiablity when explaining research background and related history. What would you think about this? I'm not demanding the Wikipedia-like verifiability to research itself, I'm recommending this to things before entering research. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:59, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: As for &quot;If somebody is going to produce their own research where anything similar was never published elsewhere&quot;, one may well publish result of research such that something similar ''was'' already published elsewhere; it is still ''original research'' in Wikipedia terminology.
::::: Wikiversity is great for articles that combine original research/element of originality with referenced material. For such articles, there is no duty to reference things but I would see inline referencing as recommended for consideration (not enforced) and adding great further reading/external links as recommended (not enforced). I fully agree that &quot;authors should work hard to avoid errors&quot;. As for Wikijournals, that is a separate class of Wikiversity content, with its own rules and processes. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:22, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: About &quot;explaining research background&quot;: I know of no duty to explain research background (or is there one?) and therefore, there is no duty to explain the background and then reference it using Wikipedia-style inline referencing. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:13, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}
Would somebody like to vote between keeping page ''as is'' or returning it to [[Special:Permalink/1375824]]? If so, write &quot;I move that we foobar&quot; as vote yes or no.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:54, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Can [[User:Ciphiorg/sandbox]] be an acceptable sandbox? ==

The sandbox was made by using talk page namespace so I moved it into userspace. After the page moved, I noticed that the sandbox was about physical geography but also aimed to promote a single website (physicalgeography.org) and its subpages. I checked the author's enwiki history, all edits were reverted and their enwiki sandbox was deleted per CSD U5. Could this be a xwiki spam case? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:33, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} Deleted. He can ask for undeletion if he wants to remove self-promotion/spam links. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:36, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
:: Recent abuse filter logs suggests that the user came back to do something similar. You may need to take action to stop them. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 05:43, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
::: (Update) Currently stale. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:18, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

== Concern about an IP range starting from 165.199.181 ==

IP editors from this range ([[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.3]], [[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.9]], [[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.15]]) have done a lot of unhelpful actions in our project for months. I think our custodians should consider a range block for a reasonable amount of time. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:06, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) All IPs in this report are blocked in minimal range. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:11, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

== Please consider blacklisting of physicalgeography.org ==

Dear custodians, I have reported about editors trying to get physicalgeography.org to appear in Wikiversity at [[special:permalink/2603578#Can_User:Ciphiorg/sandbox_be_an_acceptable_sandbox?]], and now we have another editor trying to get the link visible ([[Special:diff/2603646]]). Please consider the blacklisting of this URL. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:11, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.192]] ==

Too many test edits at sandbox (RC flooding), possible proxy, already blocked at zhwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:00, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{ping|MathXplore}} I blocked for 3 hours and then Googled {RC flooding}. I have no experience with these things. How long should I block for?----[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 13:01, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:: When I reported the IP, they were violent, and at least a short-term block (perhaps several hours) may have been needed at that time. Currently, the IP editor is stale, so there may be no significant meaning to block them at this moment. On the other hand, GetIPIntel	Prediction is 100% at [https://ipcheck.toolforge.org/index.php?ip=103.150.214.192 IPcheck information], this means that this IP might be a [[:m:No open proxies|proxy]] (and I guess that is why zhwiki blocked this IP, I don't know well about zhwiki proxy block policy), though the other parameters are negative. I think we need someone who knows more about proxies to choose the right range and terms. {{ping|Koavf}} can you take a look at this IP? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:18, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:: (Note) After my reply, another IP ([[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.135]], close to the one above) appeared with similar behavior (targeting sandbox). This IP is blocked at zhwikivoyage as an open proxy (1 year), also blocked at enwiki as a web host. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:15, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:::I am not a range block pro, but doing a little range block hacking, I see that both [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.192/16]] and [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.135/16]] contain all of the edits by the above IPs and ''only'' the edits by the above IPs. Both are globally blocked for a couple of months, but 1.) I take violent threats very seriously ({{Ping|MathXplore}}, did you write to legal@? If not, I will.) 2.) the sandbox is one of the only pages you really don't want to have escalated protection on, and 3.) oftentimes, rangeblocking open proxies is not going to harm the project. So, I'm willing to do a 12-month range block. Great work as always. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:17, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Sorry, I didn't write to legal. I was checking the edit frequencies and their global contributions rather than the context. Please go ahead for the report to legal. Thank you for the reactions and information. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:28, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::Hey, no worries MX. You do a ''lot'' across ''many'' wikis. It's a team effort, friend. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:27, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
::::::Wait--I actually ''looked'' at the diffs and some of them mention some weird violent content, but are not ''threats'', so it doesn't rise to that occasion. Sorry for my ignorance. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:29, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/24.224.18.114]] ==

Vandalism from this IP, a targeted page is now semi-protected. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:22, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) Currently stale. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:28, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[special:permalink/2607000]] ==

Can this be considered as an academic profile, or should be handled as an advertisement? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:27, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

:Tricky. I'm inclined to call it a valid profile ''if'' this user engages in actually editing and particularly in creating resources related to these kind of topics such as SEO, but call it just spam if this person is only here to say &quot;I am so-and-so and I have [x] marketable skills&quot;. :/ So I could be persuaded either way, but it's not ''obviously'' spam as of now, as far as I can tell. I totally respect any other custodian or curator deleting it, tho. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:32, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] ==

This talk page is currently isolated but has a lot of things in here. Where can we move this page to save it as an archive? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:39, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:I created [[Draft:Archive]] without asking for a consensus. If nobody objects, we can all use it.  The only open question in my mind is whether we need to nowikify the pages to avoid having titles appear on various lists and categories. I suggest the title [[Draft:Archive/2024/Portal talk-Astronomy]]. Personally, I am not very adept at undeleting pages, thought with a bit of practice I might find it more natural. With a small cleanup crew that tends to get bogged down in long discussions, it's easier if everybody can look at pages that have been removed in this fashion. Many years ago I remember an editor who annoyed administrators with frivolous requests to undelete for viewing purposes. If you want, I can move [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] right now.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:37, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:: What is wrong with [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] staying where it is? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:41, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:::Sorry! Again I read quickly but without accuracy.  I didn't notice that it was a '''Talk''' page.  I will archive it right now.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:20, 25 February 2024 (UTC) {{Done}}[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 18:36, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: You &quot;archived&quot; the page but not moved. Where should we move the talk page? That is my question. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 00:22, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::: According to [[WV:CSD]], isolated talk pages are subject to deletion. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 00:21, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::::I apparently just forgot to delete the talk page.  Does anybody object to deleting the talk page and its archive?--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:50, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: Why is this being deleted or archived? I guess it is because of [[WV:Deletions]], &quot;Discussion about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely&quot;. But the resource was not deleted, it was moved: from looking at [[Portal:Astronomy]], one can see it was moved to [[Topic:Astronomy]], which is now a redirect to [[Astronomy]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:16, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
{{done}}[[file:Red question mark.svg|20px]] Taking Dan's lead, I assumed the hanging talk page [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] to have been attached to what is now [[Astronomy]], which already had a talk page. So I made the Archive a subpage with an explanatory note at [[Talk:Astronomy]].  I'm glad this is a hobby and not a serious effort to preserve the history of this ol wiki.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:38, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Chronological order of [[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/23]] and [[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/24]] ==

I generally understand that archives are numbered in chronological order but I found an exception to this rule. [[special:permalink/2596291]] says that 23 is &quot;January 2021 - June 2023&quot; and 24 is &quot;December 2021 - December 2022&quot;, this is breaking the chronological order. Should we fix this or keep it in the current state? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:19, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
:I noticed that while archiving a while back. I think we should leave it alone. One problem is that we have two chronological orders: One is when the request was initiated, and the other is when the request is archived. To make matters worse, many topics get &quot;archived&quot; twice: First when &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archive top}}..{{Archive bottom}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; turns the background blue, and second when the conversation is moved.  Also, these conversations are extremely chaotic.  Reading them would make good reading for chatbots if and when humans ever decide to start punishing them for transgressions.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:46, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
:: OK, thank you for your opinions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:49, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Can anybody explain how this turns into a proposed deletion? ==

I just deleted a lot of pages because I thought the author was confusing the prod template for speedy delete. [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem_Analysis_-_Provision&amp;action=edit This is the source] for [[User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem Analysis - Provision]]: 
{{cot|Click to view the source code that triggers the prod}}
  &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Problem analysis - measure|name=Reusing durables|identifier=reusing_durables
|definition= The reuse of durable goods in their original form. 
|reasons= 
|parents=
|instances= 
* Design of equipment for reuse of their parts (&quot;cradle to cradle&quot;).
* Prolonged storage of reusable goods in warehouses, such as deserted office buildings.
* Second-hand warehouses.
* Refund for returns of durables.
* Facilitation, for example, allowing customers to reuse packaging or containers.
|advantages= 
|disadvantages=   }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:14, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}

Thankfully the user has been dormant for almost 4 years. See [[Special:Contributions/Ramosama]].[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:17, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
: I edited &quot;[[:Template:Problem analysis - concept]]&quot; to place its proposed deletion code into the noinclude tag. As a result, [[User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem Analysis - Provision]]--which uses the template--no longer shows any proposed deletion tag. I hope it added some clarity and has no undesirable consequence. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 19:42, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::Good news! I thought it was possible to accidentally make a prod.  Thank's Dan.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:48, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Does anybody know how to delete all pages by a single user? ==

We have a serial page creator. My hunch is that the pages were created in another language, translated using an auto-translator, and placed on en.wikiversity. I am currently trying to create a list from [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&amp;target=Saltrabook&amp;namespace=all&amp;tagfilter=&amp;newOnly=1&amp;start=&amp;end=&amp;limit=50 '''this list''']. If nobody knows how to do this, I will use a list under construction at '''[[Pre-diabetes diagnosis and remission]]'''.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 16:43, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

:[[Special:Nuke]] can mass-delete, with some caveats. Oddly, it is only available to bureaucrats here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:38, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

I don't know the answer. But let me list the pages created in 2024 (there are more from 2023):
* [[INVITATIONS TO SEAFARERS AND THE MARITIME MEDICAL CLINICS]]
* [[CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]]
* [[VIDEO PRESENTATION AND INVITATIONS]]
* [['''CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING''']]
* [[DRAFT ARTICLE]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOLO EN ESPAÑOL]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/ESPAÑOL]]
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 16:43, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{Done}} I deleted all the maritime health and diabetes pages made in the past several months. If more is needed, let me know. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:55, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::Thanks Justin. You might want to change the parameters of my block of Saltrabook. I know little about blocking protocols.  I will change my expiration date from one week to indefinite.  I didn't know you could pagenuke. We need an active pagenuker on this wiki now that Dave is less active.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:07, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::I have no perspective on an indefinite block, but it may be a good idea until/unless he can explain on his talk page what he's trying to do and where he is getting this information, etc. Note also that he has ''lots'' of pages going back to at least 2019. If we had consensus that [[Special:Nuke]] were available to admins (curators), then we could make the request on [[:phab:]] to change the local settings. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:58, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::Do you know whether Saltrabook can use his talk page? If so, there is no need to change the indefinite block.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:19, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: The latest block ([[special:redirect/logid/3389142]]) does not include edits, so I think they can. Generally, most blocked users can edit their own talk pages for unblock requests and related statements (unless revoked). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:48, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Currently, curators cannot restore pages. I think allowing mass-delete without restoration permissions can be risky. Allowing mass-delete to our custodians should be enough. Why have we limited mass-delete to our bureaucrats? Are there any previous discussions in the past? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:50, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::No clue. That is very bizarre and atypical. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:48, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::: I think we can ask to hear the community's opinion at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]]. They may want to speak about what they think about this odd technical settings. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:45, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
::::::: &lt;s&gt;(Note about this matter) I started a new thread over there.&lt;/s&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:41, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
::::::: (Update) Per suggestion ([[special:diff/2610994]]), I started a proposal at [[Wikiversity_talk:Custodianship#Proposal_to_allow_custodians_to_use_mass-delete]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:17, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
:: If possible, I suggest clarifying the deletion criteria (RFD? off-wiki request?). I'm sorry if I have missed anything. From my viewpoint, I only requested renaming without redirects, and now I see pages being deleted. Having more explanations would be better, I think. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:53, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::{{ping|MathXplore}} Sorry, sometimes I act too swiftly. It turns out User:Saltrabook has been creating what looks like interesting pages for a long time, and he has created close to 100 such pages (probably much more.)  He doesn't know English very well, so it is obvious that he is auto-translating the pages.  I blocked his page creations, and he seems happy working on pages he already created (many of them were almost blank.) Personally, I would be happy if he works on the pages he has already created and left us alone. We get odd ones on WV.  I should know; my family thinks I am one.-[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 03:37, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for the explanations. As can be seen in each page history, I'm one of the few editors handling the categorizations of their creations, but I didn't notice that there were auto-translations (has anyone identified which software has been used?), apologies for being late to notice such issues. I think we should clarify how to handle auto-translations via policy/guideline or previous discussions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:43, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Krutrimam]] ==

Lock evasion of [[User:Premaledu]], please see [[special:permalink/2609661#Offensive_username]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
: Already {{done}}, globally locked. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:23, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

== Explanation of edit ==

I was trying to link my pages and I got a notification to explain to a custodian. I hope I'm in the right place for that. [[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 04:42, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

:Seems fine to me. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:49, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
::thanks [[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 04:52, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

== create about user page ==

I was trying to create about User page
[[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 05:17, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

:I'll create a blank one and you can modify it. Let me know if you have more problems. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:57, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
::thanks, I will[[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 08:18, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/39.50.199.52]] ==

Making bad pages (I already deleted them) and xwiki abuse (also reported at Wikiquote). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:46, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:49, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Precisiongroup]] ==

Spam-only account with promotional username (account named after company name). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:49, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:02, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Kroodham]] ==

Lock evasion of [[Special:CentralAuth/Premaledu]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:45, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
: {{done}}, already locked. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:57, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/27.55.68.138]] ==

Vandalism and xwiki abuse. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:07, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} Month-long rangeblock. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 10:36, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Log/Cbtproxyus]] ==

The user has repeated user page spam, I already deleted it and set indefinite full protection. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 05:56, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} indef block. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

== CAPTCHA Problem when creating an Account ==
I don't know how active Dave is at the moment, so I paste a message to Dave from [[User:Ireicher2]]:
{{quote|Hi Dave, Isabel here from Ohlone college. We've talked a couple of times before. Some of my students emailed me to let me know that they cannot create user accounts because of a CAPTCHA problem. I verified the information by attempting to create a new account and I received the same error message. Would you let me know how this can be resolved? Thank you!}}
{{ping|Ireicher2}} One thing you might try is having them create Wikipedia or Wikibooks accounts.  I believe membership in one automatically creates membership on Wikiversity. Another thing to try is asking students to create the account from their homes. Does anybody else have any ideas????--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:49, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
: I think [[:w:Wikipedia:Request_an_account/Help_and_troubleshooting]] is related to this issue. It is a different project but shares the same technical basis. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:55, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
:See [[meta: Mass account creation]]. I'll try adding Account creators to [[User:Ireicher2]] with an expiration of seven days and see if makes any difference. Yes, the suggestion that students create their accounts from home (or using their cell phones vs. school computers) should help. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:44, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] @[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] Of course. That makes sense. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; [[User:Ireicher2|Ireicher2]] ([[User talk:Ireicher2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ireicher2|contribs]]) 04:46, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

== I need the custodians &amp; curators to tell a user not to be involved with deletions. ==
{{Cot|Collapse as resolved}}
Here are two examples:
#He put a speedy delete on [[special:permalink/2617505]], saying among other things that there is &quot;no clear explanation&quot; of what ''ordinary'' differential equations are&quot;. This is a subpage, and the parent page at [[special:permalink/2483117]] gives a rather coherent explanation: &quot;Differential equations serve as mathematical models of physical processes.  This course is intended to be an introduction to ordinary differential equations and their solutions. &lt;small&gt;A '''differential equation''' (DE) is an equation relating a function to its derivatives. If the function is of only one variable, we call the equation an '''ordinary differential equation''' (ODE). ...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt; There is a movement to raise the standards regarding what should and should not be in namespace, but the the parent page at [[special:permalink/2483117]] has [[Special:PrefixIndex/Differential_equations/|13 subpages.]] If this resource is a problem, it has to be addressed from the top down, not one subpage at a time.  As will be shown in the next example, I recently attempted to explain to him that it is inefficient to remove subpages without looking at the entire resource (via the parent page.)
#Days prior to the aforementioned effort to delete a subpage of [[Differential equations]], he  proposed the deletion of one of some 300 subpages of [[Student Projects]] because it was unsourced. My reason for not deleting that page should have informed him that it would have been inappropriate to delete one subpage of [[Differential equations]], because it turns out that almost all subpages of [[Student Projects]] are unsourced, leaving us with the same issue involving the deletion of pages from the &quot;bottom-up&quot;. For evidence that this user had been informed of the need for a &quot;top-down&quot; approach attempting to delete a subpage of [[Differential equations]], see [[special:permalink/2617342#Student_Projects/Major_rivers_in_India]]. This editor is a nice person with a lot of good ideas, but his stubbornness is making it difficult to moderate [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:15, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
:I don't want this user blocked, or even banned from participating in discussions about deletion policy.  He is not alone in advocating higher standard, and the community might want to do that.  But there is a distinction between the nuts and bolts of deletion, and deletion as a policy.  I am very conservative about deleting pages. So if the standards get tightened, there will be no need to revert anything I have done.  I am asking the custodians/curators to encourage this user to go to [[Wikiversity:What-goes-where_2024#Personal_subpages_(with_visual_editing)|WV:WGW2024]] and create a subpage for sharing his ideas with the community.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:41, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
-----
-----
-----
#: 1) The &quot;unsourced&quot; on [[Student Projects/Major rivers in India]] was only one reason; the other reason was that this page has nothing to add what is not in Wikipedia, a rationale previously recognized. 2) [[Student Projects/Major rivers in India]] is not integrated in any way to a [[Student Projects]] &quot;project&quot;; its being a subpage is just an attempt to escape deletion scrutiny. 3) I am not aware of any explanation to me that I should not nominate subpages; such an explanation has my talk page as a proper venue, and I am unaware of any such explanation, neither there or elsewhere. 4) Any disagreement about deletion can be resolved via RFD and via voting-cum-discussion there, as is usual in other projects, e.g. the English Wikipedia and the English Wiktionary; if I am mistaken in a particular nomination, it can be brought to RFD and quickly voted down. Even a single person opposing can prevent a deletion in which I am the sole, mistaken, deletion supporter. 5) I have a pretty good conversion rate between deletion nominations and actual deletions/moving out of mainspace, and therefore, I do not think that my nomination algorithm is too broad and too burdensome on those who have to oppose my nominations for deletions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:26, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
#::All I am asking is that you stay out of active deletions and focus your talent on changing the policy.  A great place to do that is at [[WV:WGW2024#Personal_subpages_(with_visual_editing)]] [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:51, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
#::: I invite you to my talk page to make requests concerning change of behavior on my part. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:52, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}
[[File:Yes check.svg|18px]]'''Resolved''' We have corresponded in our talk pages and the problem has been resolved to my satisfaction.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 18:15, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

== link on page looks possibly explicit to follow? ==

[[Other Free Learning Resources]] the univeristy of reddit  link has a lot of very adult explicit words as  links . I did not view other links from this page. Thanks                                  

U - X

* [http://www.ureddit.com/ University of Reddit]  

[[Special:Contributions/2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3|2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3]] ([[User talk:2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3|discuss]]) 12:50, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks, it's now spam, so I removed it. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:09, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:contribs/206.110.193.204]] ==

Vandalism [[User:Seawolf35|Seawolf35]] ([[User talk:Seawolf35|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Seawolf35|contribs]]) 18:57, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:32, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

== Induced stem cells copyright issues ==

[[Induced stem cells]] got imported to here from enWiki- which is fine, attribution was done correctly and everything- except for the fact that I'm just wrapping up a [[Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations/20240516|copyright investigation]]&lt;nowiki&gt; on the original contributor &amp; his alternative account. Due to the fact that this contributor repeated and blatantly infringed on the copyright of multiple sources despite multiple warnings an even a block, I tagged the original page over on enWiki for presumptive deletion. I don't know what Wikiversity's process is for suspected copyright infringements without a clear source, but I figured you guys would want to know about the problems with this page anyways.  -- ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 20:34, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

:Very helpful, thanks. Do you have any relevant links to en.wp about the investigation or where he typically ripped off material? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:48, 23 May 2024 (UTC)
::Okay- everthing I've gathered so far is going to be in this [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Contributor_copyright_investigations/20240516|investigation page]]. ( tried to link it in the original post, but I failed spectacularly as you can see). They almost exclusively copied from scientific papers/ reviews, and news/blog reports. This user typically copied from the source they cited- or, at least, *a* source they cited. They'd regularly copy a paragraph of text from one source, then a cite a different source for each sentence. If a source was paywalled, they often would cite the source, but copy from a news report/blog report analyzing the source. One of the other investigators found a few instances where they copied another article in Wikipedia without attribution- but that was their rarest type of violation. They occasionally wrote their own material, but it was normally easily identifiable because English is not their first language. 
::Sorry for not being more helpful on this article in particular-I saw they(and their alt) were essentially the sole author of this page, cited 300+ sources, made a noise somewhat akin to that of a distressed animal, and decided I was going to take advantage of enWiki's rule allowing us to delete articles written by serial copyright violators without any more evidence. --[[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 00:09, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::That’s plenty to convince me that this should be assumed to be a copy II until proven otherwise. Merci. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:16, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for the responses, I think having a short intro, soft redirect to the CCI page, further readings section, and categories would be OK, what would you think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:56, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::Sure. Do you want me to undelete and then redelete selected diffs? Or you’ll just create the redirect yourself? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:10, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::: I will create a soft redirect afterward. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:29, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::: Thank you for the information, do you think [[WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells]] needs deletion? It is another page where the same editor has substantial involvement. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:58, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::::I did a brief check, and I found that [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1248252 this source] (cited in the article) appears to have been partially copied. Specifically, the stuff about zebrafish has been copied word for word. It's not a promising sign. If this was on the English Wiki, I would ask for it to be presumptively deleted soley on the basis of the author and that confirmed instance of a copyright violation. I worked on the investigation for several days (and I was the one who asked for it to be opened), and I could confirm over half their writing to be blatant copy-and-paste jobs. [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 03:08, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for your service, hermana. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 03:38, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::::: Thank you for the information, I have contacted an active Wikijournal contributor to learn about how this preprint should be handled. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::Thank you to [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] for informing us about the copyright violations and reference false attribution in this article, and [[User:Koavf|Koavf]] &amp; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] in participating in this conversation. Normally we would keep rejected articles in the preprint with the stated reason in the talk page for record purpose. However, since the induced stem cell contains copyright violation and may cause future accidental copyright violation by future text re-users under the assumption that the text is under Creative Commons license, I will request that the preprint be deleted while talk page remains undeleted to note the rationale. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 20:00, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Good point. In addition to not deleting the talk page, I am redirecting the main page to the talk page and protecting it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:07, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Can you also delete [[WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells]], redirecting it to talk page please? [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 04:03, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:42, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

== Creating a section of my own talk page with a link to Wikipedia ==

I'm trying to set up my own talk page here at Wikiversity with my own example of trying separate the essence and accident of programming, as per &lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:No Silver Bullet|No Silver Bullet]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; at Wikipedia, but it's rejected because of the external link (i.e. to Wikipedia).  I'm doing this because most example code I see buries the essence in the accident and I wanted to show an example that there are better ways to write code.  [[User:Philh-591|Philh-591]] ([[User talk:Philh-591|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Philh-591|contribs]]) 10:33, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

:That's very weird: you can't create ''interwiki'' links? And to be clear, you're trying to put said links on your talk page at [[User talk:Philh-591]], not your userpage [[User:Philh-591]]? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:05, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
::Well, your creation of the page with a welcome message has got it past that restriction, although I don't think it was the Wikipedia link.  I'd not noticed that there are URL's in my example source referring to public information at the European Central Bank.  However, it now insistently applies &quot;nowiki&quot; to what I insert.  I guess I don't understand the formatting rules at Wikiversity; I'd assumed it was just like Wikipedia.  I'll see if I can understand it more playing in the sandbox.  [[User:Philh-591|Philh-591]] ([[User talk:Philh-591|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Philh-591|contribs]]) 13:13, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
:::I figured that would fix the problem: sometimes, creating a new page (even your own user or user talk page) has restrictions. I forget the exact limitations per wiki, but they are usually very modest, like make at least five edits across two weeks or something. Re: formatting rules, they should be the same as Wikipedia, so I'm confused as to what you're trying to do again. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:25, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

== Won't let me publish &quot;my about&quot; page due to &quot;New User Exceeded New Page Limit&quot; ==

Unsure how to publish my about me page, is someone able to help me be able to publish it without it being disallowed? [[User:Lucywilson 546|Lucywilson 546]] ([[User talk:Lucywilson 546|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lucywilson 546|contribs]]) 03:20, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
: {{ping|Jtneill}} Can you grant confirmed status for this user? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:41, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
:I made a blank page, which you can now edit. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:31, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
: {{ping|MathXplore}} Thankyou, I've confirmed the user. {{ping|Koavf}} Thankyou, a neat, instant solution :). {{ping|Lucywilson 546}} Thanks for letting us know. You should be good to go. Let us know if any other problems. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:24, 8 August 2024 (UTC)

== Delete revission ==

Could you delete [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wood_finishing&amp;oldid=2651335 this revision], which is revealing my personal information, please? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:54, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
: Username is hidden, I have contacted the [[:m:stewards]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:38, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
: {{done}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:00, 9 September 2024 (UTC)

== Spam filter exception request ==

I am prevented from creating [[Template:Vandal]] because a previous example in [[Template:Vandal/doc]] used an IP address, which is blocked by a spam filter. I removed that example, but am still blocked from creating that page. I have put the source code in [[Template:Vandal/sandbox]] in the interim. Perhaps allowing just &lt;code&gt;10.0.0.1&lt;/code&gt; to avoid other IP spam? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 04:55, 2 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} I created a blank template, which you can now edit. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:11, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
::{{done}} again: I moved your sandbox to the template. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:12, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
:::It seems I still can't include the IP-user example (see [[Special:PermanentLink/2658932|an old version]] with the offending string) - [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
::::I don't understand the problem. What text are you trying to put where? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:43, 3 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::See [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vandal/doc&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2658932 this diff] which shows the text and location {{--}} [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:48, 3 October 2024 (UTC)
::::::{{done}}. Longer-term issues with including IP addresses may still exist, but this particular edit at least is fixed. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:53, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Log/Tule-hog]] ==

As seen in the link above, [[User:Tule-hog]] has made various manual imports from WP to WV. Some may be OK, but others may be questionable. Despite various messages on their talk page ([[User talk:Tule-hog]]) from user:Dan Polansky, the user continues manual imports. Should we let this continue, keep talking with the user, or should we stop them? What would be the best option? ({{ping|Jtneill}} As Dan's mentor, your feedback is welcome here, and {{ping|Koavf}} since you previously communicated with the user in [[Special:Diff/2659041]], we would like to hear about your thoughts) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{Ping|Tule-hog}} From what I see on your talk, you are at least not doing this anymore. While copyright-wise, we can of course copy anything from en.wp to here, it is best to use [[Special:Import]] because it preserves edit histories, provides attribution, and can also import dependencies like another modules or templates. Can you explain what your goal is with this copying and what in general you want copied? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:43, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::I am motivated by updating Wikiversity template/module infrastructure in places where appropriate. Note I do not have the [[WV:Importer|importer]] role. I perform what I've been calling [[User:Tule-hog/Wikiversification|Wikiversification]] on docs and templates themselves, where much of the time the pages I come across are rough imports with raw Wikipedia links without modification, incorrect language for the project, bad category mapping, or are dependent on other undefined modules/templates. 

::To be clear, I am ''not'' just going through picking out popular templates/modules and importing them. I approach a maintenance task, and where relevant spend the (not mindless) time to transform them to fit Wikiversity. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::: I find &quot;in places where appropriate&quot; too non-specific. I do not see any specific need addressed. I find Colloquium a good forum for a proposal to copy (or import) a large number (how large?) of Wikipedia templates and categories; the approximate volume should be stated as part of the proposal. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:02, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I undeleted and userfied to [[User:Tule-hog/Wikiversification]]. If you are thinking of making some large-scale change, then it's probably best to clarify your thoughts there, propose it (succinctly!) at the Colloquium, and then coordinate with a custodian who can import. This is kind of a [[:en:wikt:death by a thousand papercuts|death by a thousand papercuts]] situation: any one change is perfectly fine, but the volume may be systemic, so it's wise to get the community's input. Besides, we could help and many hands make for light lifting. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:08, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::(Question due to unfamiliarity with importer mechanism:) Do we also submit requests to ''update'' already imported templates at [[WV:I]], or does that only happen once (and hence update requests should go to [[WV:RCA]])? Thanks, [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:25, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Unfortunately, if you import a resource from another wiki and the original changes, the updates need to be imported again here manually and since [[WV:I]] is a dedicated space, it's probably best to put requests there. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:05, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikiversity policies and guidelines]] ==

Should this category finish being developed? (I could do so if desired.) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:32, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Similarly with the list detailed at [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] (i.e. finishing up + deleting the list mentioned there) —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:55, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::{{ping|Koavf}} double checking is alright for [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] as well (started by [[:User: McCormack|McCormack]]) —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:20, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:Can you reword this question? I'm not sure what you're trying to do here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:16, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::The content of the category is &quot;This category is being developed.&quot; so I believe it is in an unfinished state (i.e. adapting the categorization schema). [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 07:18, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I think if you have some rational way of organizing the pages, that's fine. I don't know what
:::[User:CQ]][had in mind when he put that there, but he has basically not edited here in 4.5 years, so go for it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:20, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Rejected policies]] ==

Should I use the list of tagged pages found in this category to update [[WV:POLICY#Rejected policies]]? Or is [[WV:IAR]] the only truly firmly rejected proposal? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 22:59, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:The category and that list should have the same items&lt;ins&gt; and at first glance, what is the category is in fact rejected proposals, therefore, the list should be updated.&lt;/ins&gt; —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:04, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::Just noting [[Wikiversity_talk:Policies#List_of_official_policies|this thread]] which suggests that another user made that list in the first place using tags, so it may have recursively snuck something in. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:12, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]] ==

This page is listed in {{tlx|official policies}}. Should it be updated as adopted on [[WV:POLICY]], and if so, should it be considered a policy or guideline? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:19, 11 October 2024 (UTC)

:(Also, should it link to the top-level [[Wikiversity:Research]] instead, which uses (the confusingly named) {{tlx|research policy}} navbox?) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:46, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
:Good question. From what I can tell the beta Wikiversity research page is the official policy and the en.wv local version is a copy/fork that hasn't been officially endorsed.
:That leaves me wondering whether we want to pursue a local variation as an official policy or potentially remove the local variant and redirect to the beta version. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:12, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:: What suggests that https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_guidelines is an official policy? And if it is, does the policy match the actual practice? For instance, it says &quot;Original research at Wikiversity is subjected to ''peer review'' in order to allow the Wikiversity research community to strive for verifiability&quot; (italics mine): is that really true outside of Wikijournals? Moreover, the putative policy states in a box: &quot;This page contains summaries of discussions which have taken place in various languages.&quot; But this cannot be true since the policy reads like a monologue and a proper summary of discussions cannot be a monologue. A quick skimming of the page raises some red flags.
:: Be it as it may, I think keeping a local copy is vital since then we have the option to amend it without thereby requiring an international cross-language input to the changes. Of course, the amends will be unable to change some core features of Wikiversity (no metamorphosis allowed), but some amends should be possible.
:: As for the local [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]], I propose to rank it as ''policy proposal'', given the misgivings.
:: In any case, this discussion does not belong to &quot;Request custodian action&quot; but rather to &quot;Colloquium&quot; since the outcome of the discussion can be implemented by anyone, not only custodians, and since input from non-custodians seems welcome. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:28, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Agree with retaining local version and treating as ''policy proposal''.
:::I've hidden the note about the guidelines being a copy of the beta guidelines (it confused me at least into thinking that beta version was also the policy on en.wv).
:::Softened the peer review requirement to being &quot;open&quot; to peer review rather than being &quot;subjected&quot; to peer review.
:::Agree that further work e.g., on drafting and potentially making official should be followed through on Colloquium.
:::Thanks @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] and @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:13, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:: Oh, and I was not paying attention: [[Wikiversity:Research]] states &quot;This page provides guidelines for research in Wikiversity&quot; so there appears to be some redundancy/overlap between [[Wikiversity:Research]] and [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]]. Confusing. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:56, 13 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Policies]] ➝ [[Wikiversity:Policies and guidelines]] ==

This is a proposal to move [[WV:Policies|Policies]] to a name matching the scope of the page, [[WV:Policies and guidelines|Policies and guidelines]]. 

The more descriptive title will make identifying the location of guidelines easier for newer participants. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 15:46, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

:See [[User_talk:Tule-hog#Wikiversity:Policies|more discussion]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 20:58, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

== Please fully protect... ==

[[Module:Message box/fmbox.css]]. It is used in 29 system messages. [[Special:Contributions/2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E|2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E]] ([[User talk:2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E|discuss]]) 20:32, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:26, 26 October 2024 (UTC)

== Uh Oh! ==

Hello. Something Went Wrong With Editing. My Dog And Me Is Editing The New Learning Resources. Dog Grooming (Learning Resources). So Help Me. Tanks. [[Special:Contributions/2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0|2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0]] ([[User talk:2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0|discuss]]) 18:46, 11 December 2024 (UTC)

:Okay, it looks like you are editing [[Pomeranian]], which is a bit of a mess. I think that proper pet care could be a fine topic for this site or our sister site [[:b:|Wikibooks]], but the state this is in is pretty rough. I'd recommend you take a look at [[Wikiversity:Welcome]] and some of the pages linked there. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:57, 11 December 2024 (UTC)

== IP block exempt request ==

Can a custodian grant IP block exempt flag to {{u|Silver Dovelet}} please? Her account got into the crosshair of a very wide IP rangeblock and that rangeblock also prevented her from making the request directly here. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 09:04, 1 January 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6m08lbq3043mlctorwa25ophrtofeiu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693968</id>
      <parentid>2693965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T11:12:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Koavf</username>
        <id>147</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* IP block exempt request */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>2693968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77407" sha1="bq26fq8k7ykeolx22jitfnux5iuzm8t" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}}[[cs:Wikiverzita:Nástěnka správců]][[fr:Wikiversité:Requêtes aux bibliothécaires]][[pt:Wikiversidade:Pedidos a administradores]]


== Request to move image files to Commons ==

I got [[User_talk:Guy_vandegrift#Files_on_Commons|'''this request''']] to move files from [[:Category:NowCommons]] and [[:Category:Files from USGS]]. I delete lots of files, but usually let others delete image files because of my ignorance of copyright laws.  I also have contributed a lot of files to Commons, but almost all of it is my own work.  So I am out of my comfort zone on this.  I don't even understand why these files should be moved.  

{{ping|User:MGA73}} Maybe we can find someone with more expertise on file transfers here on [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|Request custodian action]].--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 22:47, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

In a related vein, due to my inexperience with copyright regulations, perhaps it would be better if someone else processed the following files. All are up for speedy deletion.  And all seem like quality images and/or on potentially high quality WV resources.
&lt;gallery widths=50&gt;
File:Merged fig1.png
File:Merged matrix2.png
File:Rps all hsa.png
File:Selected domfams fix.png
File:Service-pnp-fsa-8b32000-8b32000-8b32095r.jpg
File:Summary.svg
File:Transtree.png
File:Untitled-91274a-1024.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
: My request was primary to delete files that was moved to Commons allready. But if anyone have checked files they are of course very welcome to move files to Commons too. Same with [[:Category:Files from Flickr]]. --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 16:32, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
::Thanks for the info. My ignorance of copyright law makes me very hesitant to delete image files.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:50, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::: I noticed [[User:Koavf]] just deleted a file moved to Commons. So perhaps Koavf could have a look at the files in [[:Category:NowCommons]] once there is a little time to spare? :-) --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 19:14, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::lol@&quot;time to spare&quot;, but sure. &lt;3 —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 21:17, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::Sometimes dirty tricks work ;-) --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 08:00, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Hooglimkt]] (again) ==
{{Archive top|User is blocked so I guess were are {{Done}}. [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:52, 26 February 2024 (UTC)}}
{{ping|Koavf}} After the last report ([[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/25#Special:Contributions/Hooglimkt]]), the user has restarted same types of edits. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:25, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

:{{not done}} But what is the action here? He just wrote a bunch of Portuguese stuff on his userpage. What needs to be done? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:30, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:: They are writing non-English advertisements on someone else's userpage, how can this be allowed? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:33, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:: Please compare the reported user and [[Special:CentralAuth/Hoogli]] (user whose userpage is targeted), they don't look like the same user. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:35, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
:::Ah, sorry--I got the usernames confused. Yes, that is inappropriate and he's not here for constructive purposes. Sorry. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:37, 9 January 2024 (UTC){{Archive bottom}}

== [[Special:Contributions/NotAReetBot]] ==

According to [[WV:IU]], this username is not acceptable (implying bot), should this account be blocked? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:28, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
: I already sent a welcome and {{tl|uw-username}} (imported from enwiki). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:42, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
:I think explicitly saying that you're not a bot is acceptable, but I agree that it's probably not ideal. E.g. someone could have the username &quot;NotAReet&quot; and run a bot under this name. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 03:46, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

== Call for rewriting [[WV:UNC]] ==

This agenda is suggested at [[Wikiversity_talk:Username#WV:UNC needs updates]], since this is related to policy documentation, I would like to have the attention of our custodians. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:49, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/2409:4064:810:DA39:FA73:D928:2C4D:B401]] ==

Possible vandalism (Massive enwiki copies with MOS issues), seems to be related to the recently reported IP, please consider range block. All targeted pages are semi-protected. Reverted revisions seem to be enwiki copies, please also consider revision deletion if needed. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:38, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) Currently stale, will report again if they come back. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:04, 28 January 2024 (UTC)


== Scope of talk page usage for blocked users ==

I understand that the scope of talk page usage for blocked users is aimed at unblocking requests and relevant discussions. I would like to ask if Wikiversity has more exceptions accepted by the community. I'm asking this because I recently found [[special:diff/2602322]], and this does not seem to be related to an unblocking request. If unacceptable, custodians may need to remove talk page access from the user. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:53, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

== Please review recent edits at [[Wikiversity:Verifiability]] ==
{{cot|long discussion}}
Recently we had many changes to this documentation. Reverting undiscussed changes would be non-controversial, but I'm not sure about the others. What would our custodians think about these edits? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 15:03, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
: Each of my edit has an explanation/rationale in the edit summary. Here a summarization: I above all removed sentences that presented a contradiction within the same page. I also switched the page to policy proposal away from policy since I could not find a discussion establishing the page as a policy and since, given the contradictions before my edits, the page could not have been taken seriously as a policy, that is, a set of rigid rules contrasting to guidelines. I could have discussed the changes somewhere first, but since the changes are well documented in their edit summaries, I hoped they could remain. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 17:56, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
::For the record, the original version (before recent efforts) can be found at [[Special:Permalink/1375824]]. Regarding my thoughts about these edits, I think we should distinguish between top pages and subpages.  If an instructor is inviting students to submit work in subspace, the instructor should have considerable flexibility regarding those subpages.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 00:03, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
::: While I'm not sure about what type of flexibility is being mentioned, I generally believe that teachers should have enough privileges to complete their projects. If our policies (and related proposals) restrict legitimate educational activities, then we are no longer a place for education. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
:: Thank you very much for the explanation and the summary, but I cannot guarantee that everyone will accept it. Removing contradictions sounds good. If the content was obvious nonsense or conflict with the entire Wikiversity, then your decision (blanking/removal) would be the most reasonable one. In this case, I think there were other options (such as rewriting to resolve contradictions), and that is why I'm calling for a review. For example, at [[special:diff/2602692]], you said that &quot;The obligation to use verifiable and reliable sources lies with the editors wishing to include information on Wikiversity page, not on those seeking to question it or remove it&quot; contradicts the option of scholarly research at Wikiversity. I don't understand how this becomes a contradiction (have you already explained that?). Even if it was a contradiction, I think blanking was not the only one option. We could have restricted the obligation to non-research content (such as educational resources) or downgraded the obligation to a recommendation, and avoid potential conflict with Wikiversity research content. The summary of my question is, &quot;Why have you decided to remove instead of suggesting a rewrite?&quot;. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:20, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
::: I see an obvious contradiction, as mentioned in the edit summary: if original research and original user-written essays are allowed, there is no &quot;obligation to use verifiable and reliable sources&quot;.
::: As for dropping text vs. rewrite: a rewrite creates an opportunity to introduce new mistakes and non-consensualities, a bad thing. By contrast, removal of problematic sentences removes defects. After removal of problematic sentences, we may focus on whether the text that remained after removal is really accurate and fully fit for purpose, which I do not think to be the case either; more corrective work is required. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 11:12, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for additional explanations. If somebody is going to produce their own research where anything similar was never published elsewhere, there would be no other independent secondary sources, so the Wikipedia-like verifiability is no longer reasonable at here. On the other hand, I believe that authors should work hard to avoid errors (calculation errors, uploading wrong images etc., I was talking about this type of verifiablity for research content), if they want to pass Wikijournal peer reviews then they need to do so. In addition, I expect many type of research comes out from previous research history, and I think it is reasonable to expect the Wikipedia-like verifiablity when explaining research background and related history. What would you think about this? I'm not demanding the Wikipedia-like verifiability to research itself, I'm recommending this to things before entering research. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:59, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: As for &quot;If somebody is going to produce their own research where anything similar was never published elsewhere&quot;, one may well publish result of research such that something similar ''was'' already published elsewhere; it is still ''original research'' in Wikipedia terminology.
::::: Wikiversity is great for articles that combine original research/element of originality with referenced material. For such articles, there is no duty to reference things but I would see inline referencing as recommended for consideration (not enforced) and adding great further reading/external links as recommended (not enforced). I fully agree that &quot;authors should work hard to avoid errors&quot;. As for Wikijournals, that is a separate class of Wikiversity content, with its own rules and processes. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:22, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: About &quot;explaining research background&quot;: I know of no duty to explain research background (or is there one?) and therefore, there is no duty to explain the background and then reference it using Wikipedia-style inline referencing. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:13, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}
Would somebody like to vote between keeping page ''as is'' or returning it to [[Special:Permalink/1375824]]? If so, write &quot;I move that we foobar&quot; as vote yes or no.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:54, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Can [[User:Ciphiorg/sandbox]] be an acceptable sandbox? ==

The sandbox was made by using talk page namespace so I moved it into userspace. After the page moved, I noticed that the sandbox was about physical geography but also aimed to promote a single website (physicalgeography.org) and its subpages. I checked the author's enwiki history, all edits were reverted and their enwiki sandbox was deleted per CSD U5. Could this be a xwiki spam case? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:33, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} Deleted. He can ask for undeletion if he wants to remove self-promotion/spam links. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:36, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
:: Recent abuse filter logs suggests that the user came back to do something similar. You may need to take action to stop them. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 05:43, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
::: (Update) Currently stale. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:18, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

== Concern about an IP range starting from 165.199.181 ==

IP editors from this range ([[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.3]], [[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.9]], [[Special:Contributions/165.199.181.15]]) have done a lot of unhelpful actions in our project for months. I think our custodians should consider a range block for a reasonable amount of time. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:06, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) All IPs in this report are blocked in minimal range. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:11, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

== Please consider blacklisting of physicalgeography.org ==

Dear custodians, I have reported about editors trying to get physicalgeography.org to appear in Wikiversity at [[special:permalink/2603578#Can_User:Ciphiorg/sandbox_be_an_acceptable_sandbox?]], and now we have another editor trying to get the link visible ([[Special:diff/2603646]]). Please consider the blacklisting of this URL. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:11, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.192]] ==

Too many test edits at sandbox (RC flooding), possible proxy, already blocked at zhwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 09:00, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{ping|MathXplore}} I blocked for 3 hours and then Googled {RC flooding}. I have no experience with these things. How long should I block for?----[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 13:01, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:: When I reported the IP, they were violent, and at least a short-term block (perhaps several hours) may have been needed at that time. Currently, the IP editor is stale, so there may be no significant meaning to block them at this moment. On the other hand, GetIPIntel	Prediction is 100% at [https://ipcheck.toolforge.org/index.php?ip=103.150.214.192 IPcheck information], this means that this IP might be a [[:m:No open proxies|proxy]] (and I guess that is why zhwiki blocked this IP, I don't know well about zhwiki proxy block policy), though the other parameters are negative. I think we need someone who knows more about proxies to choose the right range and terms. {{ping|Koavf}} can you take a look at this IP? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:18, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:: (Note) After my reply, another IP ([[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.135]], close to the one above) appeared with similar behavior (targeting sandbox). This IP is blocked at zhwikivoyage as an open proxy (1 year), also blocked at enwiki as a web host. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:15, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:::I am not a range block pro, but doing a little range block hacking, I see that both [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.192/16]] and [[Special:Contributions/103.150.214.135/16]] contain all of the edits by the above IPs and ''only'' the edits by the above IPs. Both are globally blocked for a couple of months, but 1.) I take violent threats very seriously ({{Ping|MathXplore}}, did you write to legal@? If not, I will.) 2.) the sandbox is one of the only pages you really don't want to have escalated protection on, and 3.) oftentimes, rangeblocking open proxies is not going to harm the project. So, I'm willing to do a 12-month range block. Great work as always. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:17, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Sorry, I didn't write to legal. I was checking the edit frequencies and their global contributions rather than the context. Please go ahead for the report to legal. Thank you for the reactions and information. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:28, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::Hey, no worries MX. You do a ''lot'' across ''many'' wikis. It's a team effort, friend. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:27, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
::::::Wait--I actually ''looked'' at the diffs and some of them mention some weird violent content, but are not ''threats'', so it doesn't rise to that occasion. Sorry for my ignorance. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:29, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/24.224.18.114]] ==

Vandalism from this IP, a targeted page is now semi-protected. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:22, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
: (Note) Currently stale. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:28, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[special:permalink/2607000]] ==

Can this be considered as an academic profile, or should be handled as an advertisement? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:27, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

:Tricky. I'm inclined to call it a valid profile ''if'' this user engages in actually editing and particularly in creating resources related to these kind of topics such as SEO, but call it just spam if this person is only here to say &quot;I am so-and-so and I have [x] marketable skills&quot;. :/ So I could be persuaded either way, but it's not ''obviously'' spam as of now, as far as I can tell. I totally respect any other custodian or curator deleting it, tho. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:32, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

== [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] ==

This talk page is currently isolated but has a lot of things in here. Where can we move this page to save it as an archive? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:39, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:I created [[Draft:Archive]] without asking for a consensus. If nobody objects, we can all use it.  The only open question in my mind is whether we need to nowikify the pages to avoid having titles appear on various lists and categories. I suggest the title [[Draft:Archive/2024/Portal talk-Astronomy]]. Personally, I am not very adept at undeleting pages, thought with a bit of practice I might find it more natural. With a small cleanup crew that tends to get bogged down in long discussions, it's easier if everybody can look at pages that have been removed in this fashion. Many years ago I remember an editor who annoyed administrators with frivolous requests to undelete for viewing purposes. If you want, I can move [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] right now.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:37, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:: What is wrong with [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] staying where it is? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:41, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:::Sorry! Again I read quickly but without accuracy.  I didn't notice that it was a '''Talk''' page.  I will archive it right now.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:20, 25 February 2024 (UTC) {{Done}}[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 18:36, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: You &quot;archived&quot; the page but not moved. Where should we move the talk page? That is my question. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 00:22, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::: According to [[WV:CSD]], isolated talk pages are subject to deletion. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 00:21, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::::I apparently just forgot to delete the talk page.  Does anybody object to deleting the talk page and its archive?--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:50, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: Why is this being deleted or archived? I guess it is because of [[WV:Deletions]], &quot;Discussion about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely&quot;. But the resource was not deleted, it was moved: from looking at [[Portal:Astronomy]], one can see it was moved to [[Topic:Astronomy]], which is now a redirect to [[Astronomy]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:16, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
{{done}}[[file:Red question mark.svg|20px]] Taking Dan's lead, I assumed the hanging talk page [[Portal talk:Astronomy]] to have been attached to what is now [[Astronomy]], which already had a talk page. So I made the Archive a subpage with an explanatory note at [[Talk:Astronomy]].  I'm glad this is a hobby and not a serious effort to preserve the history of this ol wiki.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:38, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Chronological order of [[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/23]] and [[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action/Archive/24]] ==

I generally understand that archives are numbered in chronological order but I found an exception to this rule. [[special:permalink/2596291]] says that 23 is &quot;January 2021 - June 2023&quot; and 24 is &quot;December 2021 - December 2022&quot;, this is breaking the chronological order. Should we fix this or keep it in the current state? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:19, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
:I noticed that while archiving a while back. I think we should leave it alone. One problem is that we have two chronological orders: One is when the request was initiated, and the other is when the request is archived. To make matters worse, many topics get &quot;archived&quot; twice: First when &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archive top}}..{{Archive bottom}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; turns the background blue, and second when the conversation is moved.  Also, these conversations are extremely chaotic.  Reading them would make good reading for chatbots if and when humans ever decide to start punishing them for transgressions.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:46, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
:: OK, thank you for your opinions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:49, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Can anybody explain how this turns into a proposed deletion? ==

I just deleted a lot of pages because I thought the author was confusing the prod template for speedy delete. [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem_Analysis_-_Provision&amp;action=edit This is the source] for [[User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem Analysis - Provision]]: 
{{cot|Click to view the source code that triggers the prod}}
  &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Problem analysis - measure|name=Reusing durables|identifier=reusing_durables
|definition= The reuse of durable goods in their original form. 
|reasons= 
|parents=
|instances= 
* Design of equipment for reuse of their parts (&quot;cradle to cradle&quot;).
* Prolonged storage of reusable goods in warehouses, such as deserted office buildings.
* Second-hand warehouses.
* Refund for returns of durables.
* Facilitation, for example, allowing customers to reuse packaging or containers.
|advantages= 
|disadvantages=   }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:14, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}

Thankfully the user has been dormant for almost 4 years. See [[Special:Contributions/Ramosama]].[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:17, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
: I edited &quot;[[:Template:Problem analysis - concept]]&quot; to place its proposed deletion code into the noinclude tag. As a result, [[User:Ramosama/sandbox/Problem Analysis - Provision]]--which uses the template--no longer shows any proposed deletion tag. I hope it added some clarity and has no undesirable consequence. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 19:42, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
::Good news! I thought it was possible to accidentally make a prod.  Thank's Dan.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:48, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

== Does anybody know how to delete all pages by a single user? ==

We have a serial page creator. My hunch is that the pages were created in another language, translated using an auto-translator, and placed on en.wikiversity. I am currently trying to create a list from [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&amp;target=Saltrabook&amp;namespace=all&amp;tagfilter=&amp;newOnly=1&amp;start=&amp;end=&amp;limit=50 '''this list''']. If nobody knows how to do this, I will use a list under construction at '''[[Pre-diabetes diagnosis and remission]]'''.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 16:43, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

:[[Special:Nuke]] can mass-delete, with some caveats. Oddly, it is only available to bureaucrats here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:38, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

I don't know the answer. But let me list the pages created in 2024 (there are more from 2023):
* [[INVITATIONS TO SEAFARERS AND THE MARITIME MEDICAL CLINICS]]
* [[CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]]
* [[VIDEO PRESENTATION AND INVITATIONS]]
* [['''CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING''']]
* [[DRAFT ARTICLE]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/CONTENTS OF THE 16 WEEKS COACHING]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOLO EN ESPAÑOL]]
* [[Maritime Diabetes-type 2 Intervention study/DRAFT PAHO PROTOCOL/ESPAÑOL]]
--[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 16:43, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

:{{Done}} I deleted all the maritime health and diabetes pages made in the past several months. If more is needed, let me know. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:55, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::Thanks Justin. You might want to change the parameters of my block of Saltrabook. I know little about blocking protocols.  I will change my expiration date from one week to indefinite.  I didn't know you could pagenuke. We need an active pagenuker on this wiki now that Dave is less active.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:07, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
:::I have no perspective on an indefinite block, but it may be a good idea until/unless he can explain on his talk page what he's trying to do and where he is getting this information, etc. Note also that he has ''lots'' of pages going back to at least 2019. If we had consensus that [[Special:Nuke]] were available to admins (curators), then we could make the request on [[:phab:]] to change the local settings. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:58, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::Do you know whether Saltrabook can use his talk page? If so, there is no need to change the indefinite block.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 19:19, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
::::: The latest block ([[special:redirect/logid/3389142]]) does not include edits, so I think they can. Generally, most blocked users can edit their own talk pages for unblock requests and related statements (unless revoked). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:48, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: Currently, curators cannot restore pages. I think allowing mass-delete without restoration permissions can be risky. Allowing mass-delete to our custodians should be enough. Why have we limited mass-delete to our bureaucrats? Are there any previous discussions in the past? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:50, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::No clue. That is very bizarre and atypical. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:48, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::::: I think we can ask to hear the community's opinion at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]]. They may want to speak about what they think about this odd technical settings. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:45, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
::::::: &lt;s&gt;(Note about this matter) I started a new thread over there.&lt;/s&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:41, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
::::::: (Update) Per suggestion ([[special:diff/2610994]]), I started a proposal at [[Wikiversity_talk:Custodianship#Proposal_to_allow_custodians_to_use_mass-delete]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:17, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
:: If possible, I suggest clarifying the deletion criteria (RFD? off-wiki request?). I'm sorry if I have missed anything. From my viewpoint, I only requested renaming without redirects, and now I see pages being deleted. Having more explanations would be better, I think. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:53, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
:::{{ping|MathXplore}} Sorry, sometimes I act too swiftly. It turns out User:Saltrabook has been creating what looks like interesting pages for a long time, and he has created close to 100 such pages (probably much more.)  He doesn't know English very well, so it is obvious that he is auto-translating the pages.  I blocked his page creations, and he seems happy working on pages he already created (many of them were almost blank.) Personally, I would be happy if he works on the pages he has already created and left us alone. We get odd ones on WV.  I should know; my family thinks I am one.-[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 03:37, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for the explanations. As can be seen in each page history, I'm one of the few editors handling the categorizations of their creations, but I didn't notice that there were auto-translations (has anyone identified which software has been used?), apologies for being late to notice such issues. I think we should clarify how to handle auto-translations via policy/guideline or previous discussions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:43, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Krutrimam]] ==

Lock evasion of [[User:Premaledu]], please see [[special:permalink/2609661#Offensive_username]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
: Already {{done}}, globally locked. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:23, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

== Explanation of edit ==

I was trying to link my pages and I got a notification to explain to a custodian. I hope I'm in the right place for that. [[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 04:42, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

:Seems fine to me. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:49, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
::thanks [[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 04:52, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

== create about user page ==

I was trying to create about User page
[[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 05:17, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

:I'll create a blank one and you can modify it. Let me know if you have more problems. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:57, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
::thanks, I will[[User:An5189|An5189]] ([[User talk:An5189|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/An5189|contribs]]) 08:18, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/39.50.199.52]] ==

Making bad pages (I already deleted them) and xwiki abuse (also reported at Wikiquote). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:46, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:49, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Precisiongroup]] ==

Spam-only account with promotional username (account named after company name). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:49, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:02, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Kroodham]] ==

Lock evasion of [[Special:CentralAuth/Premaledu]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:45, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
: {{done}}, already locked. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:57, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/27.55.68.138]] ==

Vandalism and xwiki abuse. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:07, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} Month-long rangeblock. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 10:36, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Log/Cbtproxyus]] ==

The user has repeated user page spam, I already deleted it and set indefinite full protection. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 05:56, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} indef block. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

== CAPTCHA Problem when creating an Account ==
I don't know how active Dave is at the moment, so I paste a message to Dave from [[User:Ireicher2]]:
{{quote|Hi Dave, Isabel here from Ohlone college. We've talked a couple of times before. Some of my students emailed me to let me know that they cannot create user accounts because of a CAPTCHA problem. I verified the information by attempting to create a new account and I received the same error message. Would you let me know how this can be resolved? Thank you!}}
{{ping|Ireicher2}} One thing you might try is having them create Wikipedia or Wikibooks accounts.  I believe membership in one automatically creates membership on Wikiversity. Another thing to try is asking students to create the account from their homes. Does anybody else have any ideas????--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:49, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
: I think [[:w:Wikipedia:Request_an_account/Help_and_troubleshooting]] is related to this issue. It is a different project but shares the same technical basis. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:55, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
:See [[meta: Mass account creation]]. I'll try adding Account creators to [[User:Ireicher2]] with an expiration of seven days and see if makes any difference. Yes, the suggestion that students create their accounts from home (or using their cell phones vs. school computers) should help. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 03:44, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] @[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] Of course. That makes sense. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; [[User:Ireicher2|Ireicher2]] ([[User talk:Ireicher2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ireicher2|contribs]]) 04:46, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

== I need the custodians &amp; curators to tell a user not to be involved with deletions. ==
{{Cot|Collapse as resolved}}
Here are two examples:
#He put a speedy delete on [[special:permalink/2617505]], saying among other things that there is &quot;no clear explanation&quot; of what ''ordinary'' differential equations are&quot;. This is a subpage, and the parent page at [[special:permalink/2483117]] gives a rather coherent explanation: &quot;Differential equations serve as mathematical models of physical processes.  This course is intended to be an introduction to ordinary differential equations and their solutions. &lt;small&gt;A '''differential equation''' (DE) is an equation relating a function to its derivatives. If the function is of only one variable, we call the equation an '''ordinary differential equation''' (ODE). ...&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt; There is a movement to raise the standards regarding what should and should not be in namespace, but the the parent page at [[special:permalink/2483117]] has [[Special:PrefixIndex/Differential_equations/|13 subpages.]] If this resource is a problem, it has to be addressed from the top down, not one subpage at a time.  As will be shown in the next example, I recently attempted to explain to him that it is inefficient to remove subpages without looking at the entire resource (via the parent page.)
#Days prior to the aforementioned effort to delete a subpage of [[Differential equations]], he  proposed the deletion of one of some 300 subpages of [[Student Projects]] because it was unsourced. My reason for not deleting that page should have informed him that it would have been inappropriate to delete one subpage of [[Differential equations]], because it turns out that almost all subpages of [[Student Projects]] are unsourced, leaving us with the same issue involving the deletion of pages from the &quot;bottom-up&quot;. For evidence that this user had been informed of the need for a &quot;top-down&quot; approach attempting to delete a subpage of [[Differential equations]], see [[special:permalink/2617342#Student_Projects/Major_rivers_in_India]]. This editor is a nice person with a lot of good ideas, but his stubbornness is making it difficult to moderate [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion]]--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:15, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
:I don't want this user blocked, or even banned from participating in discussions about deletion policy.  He is not alone in advocating higher standard, and the community might want to do that.  But there is a distinction between the nuts and bolts of deletion, and deletion as a policy.  I am very conservative about deleting pages. So if the standards get tightened, there will be no need to revert anything I have done.  I am asking the custodians/curators to encourage this user to go to [[Wikiversity:What-goes-where_2024#Personal_subpages_(with_visual_editing)|WV:WGW2024]] and create a subpage for sharing his ideas with the community.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:41, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
-----
-----
-----
#: 1) The &quot;unsourced&quot; on [[Student Projects/Major rivers in India]] was only one reason; the other reason was that this page has nothing to add what is not in Wikipedia, a rationale previously recognized. 2) [[Student Projects/Major rivers in India]] is not integrated in any way to a [[Student Projects]] &quot;project&quot;; its being a subpage is just an attempt to escape deletion scrutiny. 3) I am not aware of any explanation to me that I should not nominate subpages; such an explanation has my talk page as a proper venue, and I am unaware of any such explanation, neither there or elsewhere. 4) Any disagreement about deletion can be resolved via RFD and via voting-cum-discussion there, as is usual in other projects, e.g. the English Wikipedia and the English Wiktionary; if I am mistaken in a particular nomination, it can be brought to RFD and quickly voted down. Even a single person opposing can prevent a deletion in which I am the sole, mistaken, deletion supporter. 5) I have a pretty good conversion rate between deletion nominations and actual deletions/moving out of mainspace, and therefore, I do not think that my nomination algorithm is too broad and too burdensome on those who have to oppose my nominations for deletions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:26, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
#::All I am asking is that you stay out of active deletions and focus your talent on changing the policy.  A great place to do that is at [[WV:WGW2024#Personal_subpages_(with_visual_editing)]] [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 14:51, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
#::: I invite you to my talk page to make requests concerning change of behavior on my part. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 14:52, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
{{cob}}
[[File:Yes check.svg|18px]]'''Resolved''' We have corresponded in our talk pages and the problem has been resolved to my satisfaction.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 18:15, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

== link on page looks possibly explicit to follow? ==

[[Other Free Learning Resources]] the univeristy of reddit  link has a lot of very adult explicit words as  links . I did not view other links from this page. Thanks                                  

U - X

* [http://www.ureddit.com/ University of Reddit]  

[[Special:Contributions/2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3|2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3]] ([[User talk:2001:8003:B120:8900:4D5:4E7A:36B2:58F3|discuss]]) 12:50, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks, it's now spam, so I removed it. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:09, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:contribs/206.110.193.204]] ==

Vandalism [[User:Seawolf35|Seawolf35]] ([[User talk:Seawolf35|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Seawolf35|contribs]]) 18:57, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:32, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

== Induced stem cells copyright issues ==

[[Induced stem cells]] got imported to here from enWiki- which is fine, attribution was done correctly and everything- except for the fact that I'm just wrapping up a [[Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations/20240516|copyright investigation]]&lt;nowiki&gt; on the original contributor &amp; his alternative account. Due to the fact that this contributor repeated and blatantly infringed on the copyright of multiple sources despite multiple warnings an even a block, I tagged the original page over on enWiki for presumptive deletion. I don't know what Wikiversity's process is for suspected copyright infringements without a clear source, but I figured you guys would want to know about the problems with this page anyways.  -- ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 20:34, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

:Very helpful, thanks. Do you have any relevant links to en.wp about the investigation or where he typically ripped off material? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:48, 23 May 2024 (UTC)
::Okay- everthing I've gathered so far is going to be in this [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Contributor_copyright_investigations/20240516|investigation page]]. ( tried to link it in the original post, but I failed spectacularly as you can see). They almost exclusively copied from scientific papers/ reviews, and news/blog reports. This user typically copied from the source they cited- or, at least, *a* source they cited. They'd regularly copy a paragraph of text from one source, then a cite a different source for each sentence. If a source was paywalled, they often would cite the source, but copy from a news report/blog report analyzing the source. One of the other investigators found a few instances where they copied another article in Wikipedia without attribution- but that was their rarest type of violation. They occasionally wrote their own material, but it was normally easily identifiable because English is not their first language. 
::Sorry for not being more helpful on this article in particular-I saw they(and their alt) were essentially the sole author of this page, cited 300+ sources, made a noise somewhat akin to that of a distressed animal, and decided I was going to take advantage of enWiki's rule allowing us to delete articles written by serial copyright violators without any more evidence. --[[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 00:09, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::That’s plenty to convince me that this should be assumed to be a copy II until proven otherwise. Merci. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:16, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::: Thank you for the responses, I think having a short intro, soft redirect to the CCI page, further readings section, and categories would be OK, what would you think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:56, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::Sure. Do you want me to undelete and then redelete selected diffs? Or you’ll just create the redirect yourself? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:10, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::: I will create a soft redirect afterward. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:29, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::: Thank you for the information, do you think [[WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells]] needs deletion? It is another page where the same editor has substantial involvement. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 01:58, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::::I did a brief check, and I found that [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1248252 this source] (cited in the article) appears to have been partially copied. Specifically, the stuff about zebrafish has been copied word for word. It's not a promising sign. If this was on the English Wiki, I would ask for it to be presumptively deleted soley on the basis of the author and that confirmed instance of a copyright violation. I worked on the investigation for several days (and I was the one who asked for it to be opened), and I could confirm over half their writing to be blatant copy-and-paste jobs. [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] ([[User talk:GreenLipstickLesbian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GreenLipstickLesbian|contribs]]) 03:08, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
:::::Thank you for your service, hermana. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 03:38, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
::::: Thank you for the information, I have contacted an active Wikijournal contributor to learn about how this preprint should be handled. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::Thank you to [[User:GreenLipstickLesbian|GreenLipstickLesbian]] for informing us about the copyright violations and reference false attribution in this article, and [[User:Koavf|Koavf]] &amp; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] in participating in this conversation. Normally we would keep rejected articles in the preprint with the stated reason in the talk page for record purpose. However, since the induced stem cell contains copyright violation and may cause future accidental copyright violation by future text re-users under the assumption that the text is under Creative Commons license, I will request that the preprint be deleted while talk page remains undeleted to note the rationale. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 20:00, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Good point. In addition to not deleting the talk page, I am redirecting the main page to the talk page and protecting it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:07, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::::@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Can you also delete [[WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells]], redirecting it to talk page please? [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 04:03, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:42, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

== Creating a section of my own talk page with a link to Wikipedia ==

I'm trying to set up my own talk page here at Wikiversity with my own example of trying separate the essence and accident of programming, as per &lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:No Silver Bullet|No Silver Bullet]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; at Wikipedia, but it's rejected because of the external link (i.e. to Wikipedia).  I'm doing this because most example code I see buries the essence in the accident and I wanted to show an example that there are better ways to write code.  [[User:Philh-591|Philh-591]] ([[User talk:Philh-591|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Philh-591|contribs]]) 10:33, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

:That's very weird: you can't create ''interwiki'' links? And to be clear, you're trying to put said links on your talk page at [[User talk:Philh-591]], not your userpage [[User:Philh-591]]? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:05, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
::Well, your creation of the page with a welcome message has got it past that restriction, although I don't think it was the Wikipedia link.  I'd not noticed that there are URL's in my example source referring to public information at the European Central Bank.  However, it now insistently applies &quot;nowiki&quot; to what I insert.  I guess I don't understand the formatting rules at Wikiversity; I'd assumed it was just like Wikipedia.  I'll see if I can understand it more playing in the sandbox.  [[User:Philh-591|Philh-591]] ([[User talk:Philh-591|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Philh-591|contribs]]) 13:13, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
:::I figured that would fix the problem: sometimes, creating a new page (even your own user or user talk page) has restrictions. I forget the exact limitations per wiki, but they are usually very modest, like make at least five edits across two weeks or something. Re: formatting rules, they should be the same as Wikipedia, so I'm confused as to what you're trying to do again. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 13:25, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

== Won't let me publish &quot;my about&quot; page due to &quot;New User Exceeded New Page Limit&quot; ==

Unsure how to publish my about me page, is someone able to help me be able to publish it without it being disallowed? [[User:Lucywilson 546|Lucywilson 546]] ([[User talk:Lucywilson 546|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lucywilson 546|contribs]]) 03:20, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
: {{ping|Jtneill}} Can you grant confirmed status for this user? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:41, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
:I made a blank page, which you can now edit. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:31, 8 August 2024 (UTC)
: {{ping|MathXplore}} Thankyou, I've confirmed the user. {{ping|Koavf}} Thankyou, a neat, instant solution :). {{ping|Lucywilson 546}} Thanks for letting us know. You should be good to go. Let us know if any other problems. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:24, 8 August 2024 (UTC)

== Delete revission ==

Could you delete [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wood_finishing&amp;oldid=2651335 this revision], which is revealing my personal information, please? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 09:54, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
: Username is hidden, I have contacted the [[:m:stewards]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:38, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
: {{done}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:00, 9 September 2024 (UTC)

== Spam filter exception request ==

I am prevented from creating [[Template:Vandal]] because a previous example in [[Template:Vandal/doc]] used an IP address, which is blocked by a spam filter. I removed that example, but am still blocked from creating that page. I have put the source code in [[Template:Vandal/sandbox]] in the interim. Perhaps allowing just &lt;code&gt;10.0.0.1&lt;/code&gt; to avoid other IP spam? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 04:55, 2 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} I created a blank template, which you can now edit. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:11, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
::{{done}} again: I moved your sandbox to the template. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:12, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
:::It seems I still can't include the IP-user example (see [[Special:PermanentLink/2658932|an old version]] with the offending string) - [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:13, 2 October 2024 (UTC)
::::I don't understand the problem. What text are you trying to put where? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:43, 3 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::See [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vandal/doc&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2658932 this diff] which shows the text and location {{--}} [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:48, 3 October 2024 (UTC)
::::::{{done}}. Longer-term issues with including IP addresses may still exist, but this particular edit at least is fixed. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:53, 3 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Special:Log/Tule-hog]] ==

As seen in the link above, [[User:Tule-hog]] has made various manual imports from WP to WV. Some may be OK, but others may be questionable. Despite various messages on their talk page ([[User talk:Tule-hog]]) from user:Dan Polansky, the user continues manual imports. Should we let this continue, keep talking with the user, or should we stop them? What would be the best option? ({{ping|Jtneill}} As Dan's mentor, your feedback is welcome here, and {{ping|Koavf}} since you previously communicated with the user in [[Special:Diff/2659041]], we would like to hear about your thoughts) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{Ping|Tule-hog}} From what I see on your talk, you are at least not doing this anymore. While copyright-wise, we can of course copy anything from en.wp to here, it is best to use [[Special:Import]] because it preserves edit histories, provides attribution, and can also import dependencies like another modules or templates. Can you explain what your goal is with this copying and what in general you want copied? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:43, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::I am motivated by updating Wikiversity template/module infrastructure in places where appropriate. Note I do not have the [[WV:Importer|importer]] role. I perform what I've been calling [[User:Tule-hog/Wikiversification|Wikiversification]] on docs and templates themselves, where much of the time the pages I come across are rough imports with raw Wikipedia links without modification, incorrect language for the project, bad category mapping, or are dependent on other undefined modules/templates. 

::To be clear, I am ''not'' just going through picking out popular templates/modules and importing them. I approach a maintenance task, and where relevant spend the (not mindless) time to transform them to fit Wikiversity. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::: I find &quot;in places where appropriate&quot; too non-specific. I do not see any specific need addressed. I find Colloquium a good forum for a proposal to copy (or import) a large number (how large?) of Wikipedia templates and categories; the approximate volume should be stated as part of the proposal. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:02, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I undeleted and userfied to [[User:Tule-hog/Wikiversification]]. If you are thinking of making some large-scale change, then it's probably best to clarify your thoughts there, propose it (succinctly!) at the Colloquium, and then coordinate with a custodian who can import. This is kind of a [[:en:wikt:death by a thousand papercuts|death by a thousand papercuts]] situation: any one change is perfectly fine, but the volume may be systemic, so it's wise to get the community's input. Besides, we could help and many hands make for light lifting. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:08, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
::(Question due to unfamiliarity with importer mechanism:) Do we also submit requests to ''update'' already imported templates at [[WV:I]], or does that only happen once (and hence update requests should go to [[WV:RCA]])? Thanks, [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 23:25, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Unfortunately, if you import a resource from another wiki and the original changes, the updates need to be imported again here manually and since [[WV:I]] is a dedicated space, it's probably best to put requests there. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:05, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikiversity policies and guidelines]] ==

Should this category finish being developed? (I could do so if desired.) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:32, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:Similarly with the list detailed at [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] (i.e. finishing up + deleting the list mentioned there) —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 06:55, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::{{ping|Koavf}} double checking is alright for [[:Category:Wikiversity development]] as well (started by [[:User: McCormack|McCormack]]) —[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:20, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
:Can you reword this question? I'm not sure what you're trying to do here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:16, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
::The content of the category is &quot;This category is being developed.&quot; so I believe it is in an unfinished state (i.e. adapting the categorization schema). [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 07:18, 8 October 2024 (UTC)
:::I think if you have some rational way of organizing the pages, that's fine. I don't know what
:::[User:CQ]][had in mind when he put that there, but he has basically not edited here in 4.5 years, so go for it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:20, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Rejected policies]] ==

Should I use the list of tagged pages found in this category to update [[WV:POLICY#Rejected policies]]? Or is [[WV:IAR]] the only truly firmly rejected proposal? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 22:59, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

:The category and that list should have the same items&lt;ins&gt; and at first glance, what is the category is in fact rejected proposals, therefore, the list should be updated.&lt;/ins&gt; —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:04, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
::Just noting [[Wikiversity_talk:Policies#List_of_official_policies|this thread]] which suggests that another user made that list in the first place using tags, so it may have recursively snuck something in. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:12, 9 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]] ==

This page is listed in {{tlx|official policies}}. Should it be updated as adopted on [[WV:POLICY]], and if so, should it be considered a policy or guideline? [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:19, 11 October 2024 (UTC)

:(Also, should it link to the top-level [[Wikiversity:Research]] instead, which uses (the confusingly named) {{tlx|research policy}} navbox?) [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 00:46, 11 October 2024 (UTC)
:Good question. From what I can tell the beta Wikiversity research page is the official policy and the en.wv local version is a copy/fork that hasn't been officially endorsed.
:That leaves me wondering whether we want to pursue a local variation as an official policy or potentially remove the local variant and redirect to the beta version. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 03:12, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:: What suggests that https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_guidelines is an official policy? And if it is, does the policy match the actual practice? For instance, it says &quot;Original research at Wikiversity is subjected to ''peer review'' in order to allow the Wikiversity research community to strive for verifiability&quot; (italics mine): is that really true outside of Wikijournals? Moreover, the putative policy states in a box: &quot;This page contains summaries of discussions which have taken place in various languages.&quot; But this cannot be true since the policy reads like a monologue and a proper summary of discussions cannot be a monologue. A quick skimming of the page raises some red flags.
:: Be it as it may, I think keeping a local copy is vital since then we have the option to amend it without thereby requiring an international cross-language input to the changes. Of course, the amends will be unable to change some core features of Wikiversity (no metamorphosis allowed), but some amends should be possible.
:: As for the local [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]], I propose to rank it as ''policy proposal'', given the misgivings.
:: In any case, this discussion does not belong to &quot;Request custodian action&quot; but rather to &quot;Colloquium&quot; since the outcome of the discussion can be implemented by anyone, not only custodians, and since input from non-custodians seems welcome. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:28, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:::Agree with retaining local version and treating as ''policy proposal''.
:::I've hidden the note about the guidelines being a copy of the beta guidelines (it confused me at least into thinking that beta version was also the policy on en.wv).
:::Softened the peer review requirement to being &quot;open&quot; to peer review rather than being &quot;subjected&quot; to peer review.
:::Agree that further work e.g., on drafting and potentially making official should be followed through on Colloquium.
:::Thanks @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] and @[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 06:13, 13 October 2024 (UTC)
:: Oh, and I was not paying attention: [[Wikiversity:Research]] states &quot;This page provides guidelines for research in Wikiversity&quot; so there appears to be some redundancy/overlap between [[Wikiversity:Research]] and [[Wikiversity:Research guidelines]]. Confusing. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:56, 13 October 2024 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Policies]] ➝ [[Wikiversity:Policies and guidelines]] ==

This is a proposal to move [[WV:Policies|Policies]] to a name matching the scope of the page, [[WV:Policies and guidelines|Policies and guidelines]]. 

The more descriptive title will make identifying the location of guidelines easier for newer participants. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 15:46, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

:See [[User_talk:Tule-hog#Wikiversity:Policies|more discussion]]. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 20:58, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

== Please fully protect... ==

[[Module:Message box/fmbox.css]]. It is used in 29 system messages. [[Special:Contributions/2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E|2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E]] ([[User talk:2604:3D08:9476:BE00:DCDC:4B47:21DA:D90E|discuss]]) 20:32, 25 October 2024 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 06:26, 26 October 2024 (UTC)

== Uh Oh! ==

Hello. Something Went Wrong With Editing. My Dog And Me Is Editing The New Learning Resources. Dog Grooming (Learning Resources). So Help Me. Tanks. [[Special:Contributions/2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0|2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0]] ([[User talk:2603:9000:7AF0:5DA0:B940:EF5A:3D27:A8F0|discuss]]) 18:46, 11 December 2024 (UTC)

:Okay, it looks like you are editing [[Pomeranian]], which is a bit of a mess. I think that proper pet care could be a fine topic for this site or our sister site [[:b:|Wikibooks]], but the state this is in is pretty rough. I'd recommend you take a look at [[Wikiversity:Welcome]] and some of the pages linked there. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:57, 11 December 2024 (UTC)

== IP block exempt request ==

Can a custodian grant IP block exempt flag to {{u|Silver Dovelet}} please? Her account got into the crosshair of a very wide IP rangeblock and that rangeblock also prevented her from making the request directly here. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 09:04, 1 January 2025 (UTC)

:{{done}} for six months. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:12, 1 January 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bq26fq8k7ykeolx22jitfnux5iuzm8t</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>Comparative law and justice/Morocco</title>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision [[Special:Diff/2529765|2529765]] by [[Special:Contributions/156.213.215.214|156.213.215.214]] ([[User talk:156.213.215.214|talk]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="54583" sha1="7ofip2sjdhqrdmw3lq67vw6bkou1w2i" xml:space="preserve">Part of the [[Comparative law and justice]] Wikiversity Project
{{Comparative law and justice project|region=Africa}}
&lt;!when you have set up your page, delete this line and replace it with four ~!&gt;

[[File:Morocco-flag.png|thumb|Morocco-flag]]


[[Image:Animated-Flag-Morocco.gif|thumb|left|200px|alt=A|Moroccan Flag]]


== Basic Information ==

'''Major Cities'''

The capital of Morocco is Rabat. The government and key parliamentary offices are located in the capital. The largest city is its main port city of Casablanca.[[Image:CasablancaFAR.jpg|thumb|right|200px|alt=A|Casablanca]]

[[Image:Rabat_Parliament.jpg|thumb|left|200px|alt=A|Parliament Building in Rabat]]
'''Flag'''

Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as a variety of Solomon's six-pointed seal in the center of the flag. Red and green are traditional colors in Berber flags. The current Moroccan flag was made by the French governor-general Hubert Lyautey who replaced the David star in the Moroccan flag with a pentacle in 1915 and made it official&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''National Anthem'''

- Name: &quot;Hymne Cherifien&quot; (Hymn of the Sharif)

- Lyrics/music: Ali Squalli Housainni/Leo Morgan

- Note: music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Geographical Information'''

[[Image:Tizi'n'Toubkal.jpg|thumb|left|200px|alt=A|Jebel Toubkal Mountain Range]]Morocco is located in Northern Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and the Western Sahara desert. Morocco's landmass totals 446,550 sq. km. which is the 57 (slightly larger than California) largest country in the world. Morocco's northern coast and interior are mountainous with large bordering plateaus, valleys and rich coastal plains. the lowest point is Sebkha Tah (-55m) and its highest point is Jebel Toubkal (4,165m)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;.[[Image:Morocco &amp; Western Sahara map.jpg|thumb|right|200px|alt=A|Morocco]]

'''Climate'''

The climate in Morocco is reliably dry, although small amounts of rain do fall between November and March. Temperature varies considerably by season and locale. While the southern and southeastern desert regions can reach extremely high temperatures during the hot summer months, the higher altitudes of the mountains are cool in summer evenings and freezing in winter&lt;ref&gt;http://www.geographia.com/morocco/&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Resources'''

Morocco has several key natural resources such as iron ore, lead, zinc, phosphates, manganese, fish,  and salt. Large earthquakes and periodic droughts create natural hazards due to the mountainous terrain and the Sahara Desert&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Population'''

The population of Morocco (July 2010) is estimated at 31,627,428, 38 largest in the world. A 2010 estimate states that Morocco's population grows at an estimated 1.077% per year, good for 118 fastest in the world&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;. The male population of 15,319,926 is outweighed by the female population of 15,875,248. The migration rate to Morocco is -3.88 migrant(s) per 1,000 population&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;. 

'''Languages'''

There are three main languages spoken in Morocco. The first, Arabic, is the official language spoken throughout the country. The second most popular language spoken is Berber. The third language spoken is French, which is used mainly for business, government, and diplomacy. French is popular with the government because Morocco was controlled by the French from about 1904 to 1956.

'''Ethnicity And Religion'''

Morocco is made up of several ethnic groups and religions. The ethnic group which makes up the largest population is Arab or Berber (99.1%) followed by a mixture of ethnicity (0.7%) and the smallest group is the Jewish consisting of a mere 0.2% of the population&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;. As to religions, Islam has the largest following at 98.7% of the population. Christianity has a small following at 1.1%, followed by Judaism, with 0.2% of the total religious population in Morocco&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Brief History==

[[Image:Berber.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|Berber Descendant]]Morocco's history began with the Berbers, the aboriginal people who have inhabited the country since the end of the 2nd millennium BC Rome extended its rule over the area after defeating Carthage in 146 BC, and testimony to its presence still exists in the fine Roman ruins at Volubilis. As Rome fell into decline Morocco was invaded first by the Vandals and then, in the 7th century, by the Arabs. Although external Arab rule lasted little more than a century, the arrival of Islam proved to be a permanent addition to Moroccan culture. In the ensuing centuries a series of ruling dynasties came to power, including the Idrissids, the Almoravids, and the Almohads, but none seemed capable of long maintaining the critical support of the Berber leaders&lt;ref&gt;http://www.geographia.com/morocco/&lt;/ref&gt;.

By the 15th century Spain and Portugal began to intrude into Morocco, after having expelled the Moors from their own lands. Although Morocco successfully repulsed these invasions, the tide of European imperialism eventually proved too great. By the middle of the 19th century Morocco's strategic importance had become evident to all of the European powers, and they engaged in a protracted struggle for possession of the country. Finally, in 1911, France was formally acknowledged as protector of the greater part of the country, with Spain receiving a number of isolated locales. French rule came to an end in 1953, although its cultural influence on Morocco remains strongly in evidence. Today the country is ruled by King Mohammed VI. He appears to be leading Morocco toward both long-term stability and a greater degree of economic prosperity&lt;ref&gt;http://www.geographia.com/morocco/&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Economic Development, Health, and Education==

'''Economic Development'''

Morocco's GDP is $153.8 billion (2010 est.), which is the 58 richest in the world. The GDP per capita is $4,900 (2010 est.), 147 richest in the world. Morocco's labor force is estimated to be around 11.63 million people&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

Labor Force-By Occupation

Agriculture- 44.6% (barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives, livestock, wine)
Industry- 19.8% (phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism)
Services- 35.5%

The unemployment rate in Morocco is estimated at 9.8%, 109 in the world. 15% of the population is estimated to be below the poverty line (2007 est.)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Exports And Imports

Morocco has an estimated $14.49 billion in exports in 2010. Materials Morocco exports are, clothing and textiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;. Morocco has an estimated $34.19 billion in exports in 2010. Morocco imports much of their resources such as, crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Health Care'''

History

In 1956, when Morocco became independent, there were only about 300 public health
physicians and 400 private practitioners in the country. Since then, the government has
made health care services more widely available and improved their quality. By 1992,
health care was available to 70% of the population. Health education courses at schools
and colleges, and programs to teach hygiene to children and parents, have also helped
raise the quality of health. The current life expectancy is 66.5 years for men and 70.6
years for women&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

In 1982, the Ministry of Public Health was formed. Since then, smallpox has been
eliminated, typhus outbreaks are less frequent, and malaria and tuberculosis have been
brought under control. The World Health Organization and UNICEF also support the
government’s campaigns to reduce eye disorders and sexually transmitted diseases.
Employers in industry and business are required to register their workers for benefits,
but many workers are still not covered. Many other programs aiming at extending
medical care to needy Moroccans are under wayDuring the early eighties, there was a decline in the overall state supremacy. With the world economic crisis, the State had to face a profound financial crisis leading to the adoption of restrictions and reforms. The coming of Alma-Ata declaration offered the opportunity to focus on the prevention of disease and the development of basic health care and health programs. Since then, prevention became the state priority while
hospitals were left in the shadow of health policies. The Medical Doctors showed a
growing interest in the liberal medicine. The development of the private sector increased
in the urban area and in the most promising regions of the country, independently from
the State&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

During the early eighties, there was a decline in the overall state supremacy. With the
world economic crisis, the State had to face a profound financial crisis leading to the
adoption of restrictions and reforms. The coming of Alma-Ata declaration offered the
opportunity to focus on the prevention of disease and the development of basic health
care and health programs. Since then, prevention became the state priority while
hospitals were left in the shadow of health policies. The Medical Doctors showed a
growing interest in the liberal medicine. The development of the private sector increased
in the urban area and in the most promising regions of the country, independently from
the State&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

Healthcare System

The health system is organized according to a pyramidal hierarchy. Structures of primary
healthcare (clinics, urban and rural health centers and local hospitals in rural districts for
the public sector; medical offices and infirmaries for the private sector) represent the
first resort for the patients. They provide preventive and promotional cares as well as
ambulatory curative cares&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

The second recourse corresponds to the provincial and prefectorial hospitals for the
public sector and the specialized offices and clinics for private one. The third recourse
includes regional hospital centers. Fourth recourse is the university hospital centers, one
each in Rabat, Casablanca, Fez and Marrakech, where secondary healthcare requiring
high-tech equipment and logistics is being provided&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

The semi-public sector comprises of health care institutions managed by health
insurance organization (CNOPS and CNSS) and other semi-public institutions (office
chérifien of the phosphates; national office of the railways etc). They provide curative
ambulatory and hospital cares&lt;ref&gt;http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/PDF/Morroco/Health%20system%20organization.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

Life Expectancy

Total Population- 75.69 years 

Male- 72.63 years

Female- 78.9 years


Infant Morality Rate

Total- 28.61 deaths/1,000 live births

Male- 33.52 deaths/1,000 live births

Female- 23.46 deaths/1,000 live births

According to 2001 statistics, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become a real public health problem in Morocco, with 250,000 new cases reported per year. Women are particularly vulnerable to STIs and HIV/AIDS due to their lack of power over decisions regarding their reproductive health, such as the use of contraceptives for effective prevention and protection.  While it is believed that HIV/AIDS is still relatively limited in Morocco,  women are becoming as vulnerable as men. The subject of HIV/AIDS, however, is no longer taboo, and the Ministry of Health and health-specialized NGOs have organized several awareness programs. Nevertheless, the efforts of government and civil society to combat HIV/AIDS are often challenged by the activism of conservative political groups opposed to consciousness-raising and sexual education programs&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org.Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;. 

'''Education'''

[[Image:Referential-Outside.jpg|thumb|100px|left|alt=A|Referential High School in Dakhla Morocco]]Education in Morocco is free and compulsory through primary school (age 15). Nevertheless, many children--particularly girls in rural areas--do not attend school, and most of those who do drop out after elementary school. The country's literacy rate reveals sharp gaps in education, both in terms of gender and location; while country-wide literacy rates are estimated at 39.6% among women and 65.7% among men, the female literacy rate in rural areas is estimated only at 10%&lt;ref&gt;http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5431.htm#&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Image:Al_Akhawayn_Campus.jpg|thumb|200px|right|alt=A|Al-Akhawayn Campus]]Morocco is home to 14 public universities. Mohammed V University in Rabat is one of the country’s most famous schools, with faculties of law, sciences, liberal arts, and medicine. Founded over 1,000 years ago, Karaouine University, in Fes, is the oldest center for Islamic studies in the Maghreb. Morocco’s most prestigious public English-language university, Al-Akhawayn, was founded in 1993 by King Hassan II and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia in Ifrane. Its curriculum is based on an American model&lt;ref&gt;http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5431.htm#&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Governance==

Morocco's Constitution was adopted on September 13, 1996. The first link has the translated copy of the Constitution, while the second has the French copy: http://www.al-bab.com/maroc/gov/con96.htm (English). http://www.al-bab.com/maroc/gov/con96fr.htm (French).

===Structure===

'''Executive Branch'''

- Chief of State: King Mohammed VI (since 30 July 1999)[[Image:King_Mohammed_VI_Morocco_23_April_2002.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|King Mohammed VI with President Bush, 2002]]

- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi (since 19 September 2007)

- Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch 

- Elections: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Legislative Branch'''

- Bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Counselors (or upper house) (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates to serve nine-year term&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

- One-third of the members are elected every three years) and Chamber of Representatives (or lower house) (325 seats; 295 members elected by multi-seat constituencies and 30 from national lists of women. Members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

- Elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held on 3 October 2009 (next to be held in 2012); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Judicial Branch'''

- Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/morocco/morocco_government.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Elections===

The King is hereditary. The Prime Minister is appointed by the monarch. In the Chamber of Counselors (Majlis al-Mustacharin) 270 members are elected by indirect vote to serve 9-year terms. In the Chamber of Representatives (Majlis al-Nuwab), 295 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 5-year terms and 30 members are reserved for women to serve 5-year terms&lt;ref&gt;http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=146&lt;/ref&gt;. Members are elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates. One-third of the members are renewed every three years. 295 members are elected in 95 multi-seat constituencies. The thirty reserved seats are from a national list of women&lt;ref&gt;http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=146&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Past Elections'''

- Parliamentary - September 7, 2007

- Parliamentary - September 27, 2002

'''Future Elections'''

- Parliamentary - September 2012

===Courts===
Minister of Justice- '''Mr. Mohamed Taieb Naciri'''

Morocco has a dual legal system consisting of secular courts based on French legal tradition, and courts based on Jewish and Islamic traditions&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Morocco-JUDICIAL-SYSTEM.html&lt;/ref&gt;. The secular system includes communal and district courts, courts of first instance, appellate courts, and a Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is divided into five chambers: criminal, correctional (civil) appeals, social, administrative, and constitutional. The Special Court of Justice may try officials on charges raised by a two-thirds majority of the full Majlis. There is also a military court for cases involving military personnel and occasionally matters pertaining to state security. The Supreme Council of the Judiciary regulates the judiciary and is presided over by the king. Judges are appointed on the advice of the council. Judges in the secular system are university-trained lawyers. Since 1965 only Moroccans may be appointed as judges, and Arabic is the official language of the courts&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Morocco-JUDICIAL-SYSTEM.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

There are 27 Sadad courts, which are courts of first instance for Muslim and Jewish personal law. Criminal and civil cases are heard, and cases with penalties exceeding a certain monetary amount may be appealed to regional courts. The Sadad courts are divided into Shari'ah; Rabbinical; Civil, Commercial, and Administrative sections; and a criminal section&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Morocco-JUDICIAL-SYSTEM.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

The Morocco’s Constitution claims that “The judicial authority is independent from the legislative power and the executive power”. Magistrates are appointed by Dahir on the proposal of the High Council of the Magistracy&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#Judicial&lt;/ref&gt;. Morocco has many courts that have different purposes and jurisdiction throughout the country. 

'''Jurisdictions of the First Degree'''
'''First Instance Court'''

They are competent for:

- All civil affairs and relevant to the personal or inheritance

- Commercial or social statute

- In a first or last instance or in appeal&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Trade Courts'''

They rule the following:

- Cases between tradesmen, involving commercial activities;

- Disputes between associates of a trade country;

- Cases related to trade effects;

- Disputes related to business

- Trade courts are competent to judge, on first and last instances, cases that do not exceed 9,000 Dirham (0.09$) in value and in the first instance all requests that exceed this value&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

- Communal and District judges are competent to adjudicate all personal estate actions brought against individuals who reside under their jurisdiction. The value of claims must be less than 1000 Dirham (0,09 $)&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Jurisdictions of the Second Degree: The Courts of Appeals'''

They try criminal cases, appeals against judgments passed by Tribunals of Original Jurisdiction and appeals against rulings made by the latter's presiding judges&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''The Supreme Court'''

- Appeals for cassation of sentences without appeal decided by anyone of the kingdom's courts.

- Appeals for cancellation of the Prime Minister's decisions.

- Jurisdiction disputes arising among courts above which there is no high court other than the Supreme Court.

- Suits for bias filed against magistrates and courts with the exception of the Supreme Court.

- Proceedings aimed at judge disqualifying because of likelihood of bias.

- Disqualifying for reasons of public security or for the sake of a good administration of justice&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Administrative Courts'''

They are competent to make initial rulings

- On claims for cancellation of acts filed against administrative authorities;

- Disputes related to administrative contracts;

- Claims for compensation of prejudice caused by public entities' acts or activities;

- To set up the consistency of administrative acts with legal provisions&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Other Jurisdictions'''

'''The Special Court of Justice'''

They are competent for cases (corruption, embezzlement, etc) in which magistrates or Government officials are involved&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''The High Court'''

It is competent for offences or crimes committed by government members during the discharge of their functions. They may be indicted by the two Houses of Parliament and referred to the High Court of Justice for trial&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''The Standing Tribunal of the Armed Forces'''

It is competent for cases about:

- Unauthorized carrying of firearms;

- Offenses committed by soldiers&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''The Audit Court'''

The Audit Court is responsible for conducting overall supervision of the implementation of the budget. It’s ensure the sound conduct of receipt and expenditure operations and evaluate the management of agencies placed under its control by law. When necessary, The Audit Court takes action against violation of the rules governing such operations. The Audit Court provides assistance to Parliament and the government in its fields of competence&lt;ref&gt;http://www.llrx.com/features/morocco.htm#1st_degree&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Punishment===

The median prison population rate for Western African countries is 37 as opposed to 267 in Southern African countries. Table 1 shows the Prison Population for the countries in Africa&lt;ref&gt;Walmsley, Roy.World Prison Population.Pg. 2.http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/law/research/icps/downloads/world-prison-pop-seventh.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;. Morocco has a prison population of 54,542 dating back to 2004. The prison population rate is 175 per 100,000 of the national population. The death sentence in Morocco is still in existence. In the year 2010, Morocco imposed 4 death sentences. However, the authorities of Morocco have refrained from carrying out those death sentences&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International.Death Sentences And Executions.2010.Pg. 26.http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2011/en/ea1b6b25-a62a-4074-927d-ba51e88df2e9/act500012011en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;. Morocco is considered an abolitionist country, where they retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes such as murder but can be considered abolitionist in practice in that they have not executed anyone during the past 10
years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International.Death Sentences And Executions.2010.Pg. 45.http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2011/en/ea1b6b25-a62a-4074-927d-ba51e88df2e9/act500012011en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;. The criminal code provides for severe punishments for rape and other forms of sexual violence; however, due to the difficulties in establishing proof of rape and the taboos surrounding this issue, women tend not to report these crimes&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org.Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;. 

'''Prisons'''

[[Image:Tamekinprison.jpg|thumb|200px|right|alt=A|Prisoner in Ait Melloul Prison]]The country of Morocco has 4 state prisons. The prisons are overcrowded with unhealthy conditions. These unhealthy conditions include, minimal hygiene, medical care is normally non-existent and disease is rife&lt;ref&gt;BBC News Africa.Morocco Prisons.David Bamford.2001.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1318740.stm&lt;/ref&gt;. Other problems of these prisons include overcrowding.T hey say the country's prisons house anything up to 80,000 detainees in a system designed for less than half that number. What makes the overcrowding worse is that, while some prisons are half-empty, in others the only place left to sleep for some prisoners are the toilets&lt;ref&gt;BBC News Africa.Morocco Prisons.David Bamford.2001.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1318740.stm&lt;/ref&gt;. Morocco has several prisons that house men facing terrorist charges. Two of those prisons are Zaki prison in Saleh and Oukasha prison in the port city of Casablanca. 


'''Children's Rights'''

Of the 31.5 million inhabitants of Morocco, 37% are under the age of 18. The population of minors in Morocco is very large, therefore the rights for these children are very important. Since the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in
1993, Morocco has demonstrated keen interest in addressing problems related to the promotion and the protection of children’s rights&lt;ref&gt;Making Children's Rights Work in North Africa: Country Profiles on Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.2007.Pg. 109.http://www.juvenilejusticepanel.org/resource/items/I/B/IBCRCountryProfilesNorthAfricaAugust07_EN.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Legal Personnel===

Morocco is a constitutional, democratic and social monarchy. The King is the Supreme Representative of the Nation and the Symbol of the unity thereof. He is the guarantor of the perpetuation and the continuity of the State. As Defender of the Faith, he ensures the respect for the Constitution. He is the Protector of the rights and liberties of the citizens, social groups and organizations&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Morocco.htm&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Law Enforcement===   
'''History'''

Morocco’s police force was established by the French colonial authorities and remains based on
the French model. When Morocco’s long struggle for independence from France (and Spain) ended
in 1956, however, the existing police force had virtually ceased to exist. The new government quickly created a police force by reconstituting what elements it could of the colonial police, cobbling them together with former guerilla units and using French advisors.&lt;ref&gt;Nasr,Hesham,Jill Crystal,Nathan Brown.2004.Criminal Justice And Prosecution In The Criminal World.Pg.10http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Morocco&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&lt;/ref&gt;. In May a government decree created the new force: the Surete Nationale, under Interior (and later Defense) Minister Muhammad Oufkir. He built this force into a centralized, powerful, independent, and often ruthless force. During the 1960s opposition to the government grew and in 1965 the government declared a state of emergency which lasted until 1970. After riots in Casablanca in 1965, the Surete was also reorganized as an autonomous organization, directly answerable to the king.33 After coup attempts in the early 1970s, the king strengthened the paramilitary Gendarmerie to balance the army’s power. Morocco’s police today are still based on the French model. Morocco has a number of different police organizations, with overlapping responsibilities, nearly all paramilitary in structure&lt;ref&gt;Nasr,Hesham,Jill Crystal,Nathan Brown.2004.Criminal Justice And Prosecution In The Criminal World.Pg.10http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Morocco&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Branches'''

The Moroccan police, La Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale is the authoritative and main State police body of Morocco. The Sûreté Nationale is tasked with upholding the law and public order. It works alongside the Gendarmerie Royale&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Law_enforcement_in_Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;.[[Image:Police_officer_of_Morocco.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|La Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale]]

- La Sûreté Nationale (National Police Force)[[Image:Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie.svg|thumb|200px|right|alt=A|Flag of the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie]]

- La Gendarmerie Royale (Royal Military Police Force)

'''Police'''

The Groupes urbains de sécurité (GUS) or Urban Society Groups, is a defunct Moroccan special police unit which dealt with urban matters basing on &quot;rapid intervention approach&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Law_enforcement_in_Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;.
GUS was established by the Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale (DGSN) (the main National police body) in October 17, 2005. The initiative lies within the scope of a general reform whose principle was &quot;the Police force, near to you for your safety&quot;. As of October 2006, GUS comprised between 4,000 and 5,000 agents&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Groupes_urbains_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&lt;/ref&gt;. The GUS are considered first-aid workers and all members speak English. They were attached to arrondissements. Because of its nature as an auxiliary police, GUS, for example did not have the right to confiscate driver licenses or to file official reports. GUS were equipped with Peugeot Partner vans and Honda motorcycles. The body was disbanded exactly one year later; in October 16, 2006. Before its disbanding, GUS comprised 6 groups. The action came as a result of the reforms which started to be executed within the national police and army bodies. The members of the GUS are to be redeployed to other police departments such as criminal investigation departments and judiciary police&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Groupes_urbains_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&lt;/ref&gt;.
While many Moroccans regarded the presence of GUS as a relief, many others considered it as a step back to the rule of the Makhzen (Elite). The disbanding came after many criticisms about excesses or abuses of power were noted. Some irresponsible actions of certain members of this police turned over the public opinion which became discreditory. GUS were also accused of corruption especially. In many cases, civil offenders used to pay a bribe (between 10 and 20 dirhams (Moroccan Currency. This led to the appearance of the popular nickname; &quot;10 drahem&quot;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Groupes_urbains_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&lt;/ref&gt;.


'''Military'''

[[Image:Moroccan military Toyota Land Cruiser.JPEG|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|Moroccan Military Jeep]]The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie was founded in 1957 by late King Mohammed V&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;. The legislation which founded the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie describes it as a public force designed to guarantee public security and public order and the implementation of laws&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;. This legislation text attaches the Gendarmerie to the Royal Moroccan Army, then constituting a military force in its structure, administration and command forms. It consists of officers, NCOs and privates&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;. Although the Moroccan Royal Gendermerie is a military force it has also been tasked with policing duties throughout the country. The duties of The Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie are numerous and various in kind. However, the legislative body has given great importance to policing duties. The seventh Article of the founding text indicates that &quot;The service aim of the Gendarmerie is to ensure especially administrative, judicial and military policing activities directly and to help to the competent authorizations with the envisaged laws&quot;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;. According to the legislative body, the three tasks the Royal Gendarmerie is tasked with are as follows:

1. To the National Defence Administration especially on the subjects of organisation equipment and military judicial policing ; To the Ministry of Justice for the implementation of judicial policing; and, To the Ministry of the Interior on the subject of Common Administration Policing&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;.

2. The duties of the Royal Gendarmerie, in this field, have been determined by the code of Penal Trial Procedures of 1959. It performs all these duties under the administration of the royal prosecutor and control of the Court of Appeal. Duties consist of determination of the crime before the prosecution gathering the evidence, detection of perpetrators and bringing them before the authorized courts&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;.

3. And executing the orders of the judges after the prosecution. The personnel of the Royal Gendarmerie participates in the implementation Judicial Policing. The Royal Gendarmerie who acts with the characteristics of being a judicial oriented police officer according to the Court of Penal Proceedings&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;.

In order to perform various duties, the Royal Gendarmerie is organized as follows :

- Headquarter which conducts the classic duties of the organization;

- 22 Regional Gendarmeries; 64 Companies of Gendarmerie and 322 posts of Gendarmerie where they are deployed to divided small security areas&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;.
      
Today the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie is commanded by a Lieutenant General. They are notorious for taking bribes to allow for the delivery of contraband, including gasoline smuggled in from Algeria and Hashish smuggled out through Tangiers&lt;ref&gt;http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie#History&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Corruption'''

Morocco's Law Enforcement rates a 3.4 on the corruption list according to Transparency International&lt;ref&gt;http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results&lt;/ref&gt;.

Morocco has substantial problems with illegal migration, human smuggling, transnational terrorists, marijuana (hashish) production and trafficking, and commercial smuggling owing to its long and poorly controlled border, extensive coastline, and proximity to Europe. Smuggling of commercial products and trafficking in persons could ultimately provide revenue sources to terrorists&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20081213093716/http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/fs/113050.htm&lt;/ref&gt;. Due to these problems in Morocco, it is very difficult for the law enforcement agencies in the country to effectively combat crime. Morocco also consistently ranks among the world’s largest producers and exporters of cannabis. The value of this illegal trade is estimated at $13 billion per year&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20081213093716/http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/fs/113050.htm&lt;/ref&gt;. However, the United States has set goals for assisting Moroccan Law Enforcement and they have funded and set up programs. 

'''United States Law Enforcement Goals'''
- To further counterterrorism and security cooperation with Morocco and continue to promote the long-standing US-Morocco relationship&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20100528044618/http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/fs/141676.htm&lt;/ref&gt;.

- To support Morocco’s efforts to promote and sustain effective judicial reform&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20100528044618/http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/fs/141676.htm&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''United States Programs'''
- U.S. funds are used to provide training, technical assistance, and equipment to improve border control detection techniques and security at Morocco’s main air and sea ports&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20081213093716/http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/fs/113050.htm&lt;/ref&gt;.

Based on the different military and law enforcement organizations in Morocco, the type of law enforcement taxonomy, according to Philip Reichel, would be Multiple Coordinated&lt;ref&gt;Reichel, Philip L.2008.Comparative Criminal Justice Systems.Chapter 6, Pg. 194.&quot;An International Perspective on Policing&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;.The reason for Morocco to fall into this category is because it has many types of organizations of law enforcement that work together in dealing with crime, protection, security and other important duties necessary to the safety of the country.

===Crime Rates and Public Opinion===
===Legal System===

Morocco's legal system is a mixture of several from around the world. Morocco's legal system is a combination of both Muslim Law and Civil Law&lt;ref&gt;http://www.juriglobe.ca/eng/sys-juri/class-poli/sys-mixtes.php)&lt;/ref&gt;. Civil Law originates from Continental Europe and it consists of an actual written code. It is a rational (based on reason) code that is universal (applies to everyone).

===Crime===

Crime in Morocco is a serious concern, particularly in the major cities and tourist areas. Aggressive panhandling, pick-pocketing, purse-snatching, theft from occupied vehicles stopped in traffic and harassment of women are the most frequently reported crimes. Criminals have used weapons, primarily knives, during some street robberies and burglaries. These have occurred at any time of day and night, not only in isolated places or areas less frequented by visitors, but in crowded areas as well&lt;ref&gt;http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_975.html#crime&lt;/ref&gt;. Residential break-ins also occur and have on occasion turned violent, but most criminals look for opportunities based on stealth rather than confrontation&lt;ref&gt;http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_975.html#crime&lt;/ref&gt;. Fraud in Morocco may involve a wide range of situations from financial fraud to relationship fraud for the purpose of obtaining a visa&lt;ref&gt;http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_975.html#crime&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Drugs'''

The most occurring crime in Morocco is the use of drugs. This includes a large amount of drugs being trafficked. The main illicit drug that is being trafficked through Morocco is cannabis (form of marijuana).[[Image:DEA_mar_loose.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|Cannabis]] Over 65% of the cannabis seized in Europe was of Moroccan origin&lt;ref&gt;https://www.unodc.org/pdf/egypt/country_profile_morocco.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;. As evident from the data here, marijuana or cannabis is the most common drug used and trafficked throughout Morocco and it finds its way into Europe and other parts of Africa. Other drugs such as heroine and morphine are common, but at a much lower rate. Only 3.971 kilograms of heroine was seized by Moroccan officials in 2001&lt;ref&gt;https://www.unodc.org/pdf/egypt/country_profile_morocco.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Crime Rates'''

At the end of the 2010 year Morocco had accounted for 283,702 total crimes. The most typical crimes in Morocco are assaults and drug offenses. The most common form of crime in Morocco is assaults numbering at 46,341 in 2010&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationmaster.com/country/mo-morocco/cri-crime&lt;/ref&gt;. In 2010 there were 199 manslaughter's and 143 murders, with only 1 with a firearm. Theft is another important issue in Morocco with the number of car thefts at 1,523. Crime is a very large problem in Morocco especially with a relatively small police force numbering at 41,977 officers&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationmaster.com/red/country/mo-morocco/cri-crime&amp;all=1&lt;/ref&gt;. The homicide rate in Morocco however, is much smaller. In 2004 according to an international survey conducted by the United Nations reports that there were less than 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants&lt;ref&gt;http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and_Justice.pdf page 12&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rights==

Citizenship of Morocco was dated on September 5, 1958. The citizenship of Morocco is governed by the code of Moroccan Nationality, which is the identifying term for citizens. There are multiple requirements for a person to be considered a citizen of Morocco. 

1. By Birth- Birth within the territory of Morocco does not automatically confer citizenship.

2. By Descent- Child of a Moroccan father, regardless of the child’s country of birth. Child of a Moroccan mother and an unknown or stateless father, regardless of the child's country of birth. 

3. Marriage- A foreign woman who marries a Moroccan citizen can become a Moroccan citizen by declaration after two years residency and marriage.   

4. By Naturalization- Moroccan citizenship may be acquired upon fulfillment of the
following conditions: Person has continually resided in the country for five years and is of full age. Citizenship must be approved by Cabinet decree&lt;ref&gt;Citizenship Laws of the World.2001.Pg. 138.http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDF&lt;/ref&gt;.

Morocco does recognize dual citizenship. However, there are exceptions. Moroccan law recognizes dual citizenship, but permission must be granted by the government before a second citizenship is acquired. Dual citizenship by default is not recognized&lt;ref&gt;Citizenship Laws of the World.2001.Pg. 138.http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDF&lt;/ref&gt;. 

As many countries, a person can lose their citizenship. There are two ways in which a person can lose their citizenship.

1. Voluntary- Voluntary renunciation of Moroccan citizenship is permitted by law.
Renunciation is not automatic and must be approved by the Ministry of Justice. Contact the
Embassy for details and required paperwork.

2. Involuntary- The following are grounds for involuntary loss of Moroccan citizenship
(unless the government has previously permitted the activity):

- Person voluntarily acquires a foreign citizenship.

- Moroccan woman marries a foreign national and acquires the husband's citizenship.

- Person serves in the military or public employment of a foreign state and refuses the
Moroccan government's demand that they resign&lt;ref&gt;Citizenship Laws of the World.2001.Pg. 138.http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDF&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Family Law===

The following laws regarding marriage in Morocco are described in the Moudawana(Moroccan Family Law).

'''Marriage'''

[[Image:Jüdische Hochzeit in Marokko-1024.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|Jewish Wedding in Morocco in 1024]]Marriage is a legal contract by which a man and a woman mutually consent to unite in a common and enduring conjugal life. Its purpose is fidelity, virtue and the creation of a stable family, under the supervision of both spouses according to the provisions of this Moudawana&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Book One of Marriage.Article 4.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. The following articles of the Moudawana break down the different smaller provisions of marriage in Morocco for those who have established residency in the country, not those living abroad:

Article 10

1. Marriage is legally concluded by an offer expressed by one of the parties and acceptance by the other, in any accepted expression from which the meaning of marriage is inferred verbally or conventionally.

2. Persons unable to speak may legally write their consent if they are literate, and if they cannot write, any clear sign understood by the other party and the witnesses is legally sufficient&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Book One of Marriage.Article 10.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.

Article 11

To be valid, the offer and acceptance must be:

1. expressed verbally whenever possible; otherwise, they must be written; or else expressed by means of an unequivocal sign;

2. congruent and concurrent;

3. irrevocable and not restricted by a condition or a suspensive or nullifying deadline&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Book One of Marriage.Article 11.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.

Article 12

Any marriage contract concluded under duress or by fraud is subject to the provisions of Articles 63 and 66 below&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Book One of Marriage.Article 12.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. Articles 63 and 66 explain that if a marriage contract is concluded under duress or by fraud, the violating party may face penal sanctions. 

Article 13

The conditions required to contract marriage are:

1- The legal capacity of both spouses to marry;

2- No intention or agreement to cancel the dowry;

3- A marital tutor, if required;

4- The hearing and notarized statement by two adouls (public notaries) of the offer and acceptance pronounced by the two spouses;

5- The absence of any legal impediments&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Book One of Marriage.Article 13.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.


'''Engagement'''

Engagement is the reciprocal promise of marriage between a man and a woman. Engagement takes place through the expression by the two parties of a reciprocal promise to marry by any accepted means, including the reading of the Sura of Al Fatiha from the Holy Koran and the customary exchange of presents&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.The Book of Marriage.Engagements.Article 5.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. The two parties are considered to be in an engagement period until the marriage is officially registered. Each party has the right to break off the engagement&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.The Book of Marriage.Engagements.Article 6.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. No compensation is due for breaking off the engagement. However, if one of the parties causes any harm to the other, the injured party may ask for compensation from the other&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.The Book of Marriage.Engagements.Article 7.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. Either party may recover the presents he or she offered to the other provided that the breaking off of the engagement was not his or her decision. Presents are returned in the state in which they were initially offered or reimbursed according to their value, depending on the circumstances&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.The Book of Marriage.Engagements.Article 8.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;. If the engaged man pays the dowry or part of it and the engagement is broken off, or if one of the parties dies during the engagement period, he or his inheritors recovers what the latter initially offered in its original state, something comparable, or something of equivalent value. If the engaged woman refuses to reimburse the money with which she bought furniture, the person responsible for breaking off the engagement assumes the loss between the value of the furniture and the amount of money initially paid&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.The Book of Marriage.Engagements Article 9.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.


'''Divorce'''

Article 94

If either or both spouses ask the court to settle a dispute that risks to breakdown their marriage, the court must make all efforts to reconcile them according to the provisions of preceding Article 82&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Title Four:Divorce.Article 94.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.

Article 95

The two arbitrators or two persons that can assume this role shall investigate the causes of the dispute between the spouses and do their best to resolve the conflict.
If the two arbitrators reconcile the two spouses, they shall write a report, make three copies of it, signed by them as well as the spouses, and submit the three copies to the court, which remits a copy to each spouse and files one in the record, and certifies it&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Title Four:Divorce.Article 95.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.


Article 96

When the two arbitrators disagree on the content of the report or in the attribution of
responsibility, or do not submit the report within the requisite deadline, the court may conduct an additional investigation by all means it judges appropriate&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Title Four:Divorce.Article 96.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.


Article 97

In the event reconciliation is impossible to reach, and the conflict between the spouses persists, the court shall make written mention of this in an official report of the proceedings, and grant the divorce as well as fix the vested rights to be paid according to preceding Articles 83, 84 and 85, taking into account each spouse's responsibility for the cause of the separation when considering measures it will order the responsible party to take in favour of the other spouse.

The irreconcilable differences suit shall be settled within a deadline not to exceed six months from the date the petition was filed&lt;ref&gt;The Moroccan Family Code.Title Four:Divorce.Article 97.2004.http://www.hrea.org/moudawana.html#book1&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Inheritance'''

According to the Maliki Muslim laws as interpreted in Morocco, sisters inherit less than half of their brothers' share of inheritance. If there is no male heir, the daughter still does not get the full inheritance, and part of her parents' estate goes to her uncles and aunts. The only changes regarding inheritance in the 2004 revision of the CSP concern the rights of the children of a deceased mother to inherit from the maternal grandparents in the same way as children of a deceased father. Laws that forbid a non-Muslim Moroccan wife from inheriting from her Muslim husband remain intact. Discrimination against women in matters of inheritance is exacerbated by cases in which women, particularly rural women, are excluded from receiving their inheritance altogether. The government has not addressed this issue, and the access of rural women to their rightly deserved land and credit continues to be restricted.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=178.Economic Rights and Equal Opportunity&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Rights of Juveniles'''

===Social Inequality===

===Human Rights===

'''Voting'''

[[Image:Woman_in_Morocco.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A|Veiled Moroccan Woman]]In December of 2002, King Mohammed VI announced that the voting age of citizens will be lowered from 20 to 18&lt;ref&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2565373.stm&lt;/ref&gt;. September's parliamentary elections saw a record low turnout of just 52% and the rise of the Islamist Justice and Development Party (PJD). The PJD gained 42 seats to become the third largest party in parliament but it was left out of the new coalition government&lt;ref&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2565373.stm&lt;/ref&gt;. Women have the right to take part in elections, which in Morocco are based on a multiparty system. However, all women are not freely able to exercise their right to vote and participate in fair elections, as some candidates exploit the poverty and illiteracy of the poorest women to buy their votes. Government authorities are also known to intervene and direct the voting process, especially in rural and semi-urban areas; nevertheless, these practices, which were widespread in the past, are on the decline&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org&lt;/ref&gt;. 

'''Women's Rights'''

According to Morocco's 2004 landmark family law, a hotly disputed reform to empower women, cast off their vulnerability and set a trend in Muslim North Africa, was passed and backed by King Mohamed VI&lt;ref&gt;http://www.chinapost.com.tw/life/discover/2009/03/09/199351/Womens-rights.htm&lt;/ref&gt;. The 2004 reforms gave women the right to divorce their husbands and to own assets and property obtained during marriage, and clamped down sharply on a man's ability to repudiate his wife. However, there are still areas that women wish to improve in, the marriage of minors and the practice of polygamy, which are still allowed under a judge's discretion in this country of 34.3 million where an estimated 31 percent of the population is under 14&lt;ref&gt;http://www.chinapost.com.tw/life/discover/2009/03/09/199351/Womens-rights.htm&lt;/ref&gt;. Today, 10 percent of all marriages in Morocco involve minors. Women's custody rights under the new family laws guarantee that a Moroccan mother no longer automatically loses her custody rights if she remarries or moves to a town other than the town where her husband resides. However, a mother may still lose custody of her children over the age of seven if she remarries and her husband requests custody; she may obtain legal guardianship of her minor children only in cases in which the father is deceased or legally incompetent&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org.Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;. According to the Maliki Muslim laws as interpreted in Morocco, sisters inherit less than half of their brothers' share of inheritance. If there is no male heir, the daughter still does not get the full inheritance, and part of her parents' estate goes to her uncles and aunts&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org.Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;. Moroccan women have made significant progress in the field of labor, and the overall quality of women's employment has improved. More women are in wage-earning positions (24.7 percent of women report being at the level of paid employment),  the number of women in managerial positions has increased, and a larger proportion of women in the workforce have an advanced degree or diploma. However, while women wage-earners in urban areas are significantly better educated than men, women still tend to work in occupations that lack status, such as family helpers, home workers, or cleaning staff.  The social protection system, associated with the formal sector, excludes most women workers in these types of jobs&lt;ref&gt;FreedomHouse.org.Morocco&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Works Cited===

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7ofip2sjdhqrdmw3lq67vw6bkou1w2i</sha1>
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        <ip>87.77.192.21</ip>
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      <comment>test lua</comment>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="hx2qzo7v9xktl79wjgoh2km5l8c9mmd" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Sandbox|hello}}</text>
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      <comment>adding Voice works</comment>
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      <text bytes="283026" sha1="2hg8swwcq2dfy9r1ldcyw4ou5v27v34" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jason M. C., Han.jpg|thumbnail]]
'''Voices in Song having been trained companying with piano keyboard since childhood (keeping all technique possibilities of every times in growth)'''
[[File:Always on my heart (An English-language song, sung by myself adapted into men's voices).wav|thumb|This song &lt;Always on my heart&gt;  is one English-language song made by Chinese person originally for ladies. However, I changed it into men's voices covering all parts in my growing times which I can do. Thanks for listening to my voices![[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)]] 

Dear Wiki-friends: 

In the Postmodern era, academy will have returned back (regressed) to the Life with the humanity
for nourishing itself and continuously contributing to the sustainability of our globalized worlds, 
on its multiple-dimensions levels. 
I believed in this developing tendency occurring in our future.

[[File:Wedding Ceremony.jpeg|thumb|Post-modernist Piano Teacher Jason M. C.,Han comes to the next life stage luckily marrying a pretty girl named Cynthia Gao who is a kind-hearted and soft-tender lady in Dalian, China.They falled in love with each other very much. On the date of wedding ceremony - June 4th of 2022, a Piano pupil named Meng Meng played the Wedding Ceremony March and another student named Xuan played The Wedding Ceremony in the Dream for us, as the accompanyment of music background. That's the participate-observation of angels for wedding. Thanks. Let us give our best wishes of a new life and the recovery of our world 2023！
It's the picture of wedding gown for witness. ～～～～]]

== As a Postmodernist-trinity learner == 

who have been post-graduating from Newcastle University - one global citizens' university 
'''(Introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_University)''' 
and binary living &amp; travelling in my mixed Postmodernist 'channel' 
{It is a symbolized philosophical root (as a flexible portfolio with each part integrated tightly) summarizing the properties from Postmodernist City-theory (City-Machines), the Holy Trinity Spirituality with forgiveness in Post-theology and the Materialized Universal Laws discovered by Post-Marxism} 
between my home town Dalian
 '''(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalian)'''
and another beautiful postmodern city - Newcastle 
'''(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne)''',
I am working for the freedom and the equality of knowledge with innovation 
shared by all the universal citizens in every corner of our earth. 
This point has meet Wiki Group's fundamental purpose of development. 
Therefore, I have chosen here to test my own knowledge and discuss educational topics with others through special 'channels' implicitly or explicitly, 
collect and create new knowledge for our next generations, 
and company with peers to produce the effectiveness of the learning and teaching.

== As a Postgraduate-ed piano teacher == 
[[File:Piano Lecture of Dalian Library (Music) delivered by Jason (Jixun) on October 13th, 2024.jpg|thumb|Piano Lecture of Dalian Library (Music) Delivered by Jason (Jixun), Han and His Piano Pupils Team Associated by Family members and Library workers]]
[[File:Music-Moving Dalian Piano Active Joined by Jason M. C., Han (playing).jpg|thumb|Music-Moving Dalian Piano Activity (charity) was Joined by Wikiversity Jason M. C. （Jixun), Han (playing) at the subway station of Zhongshan Square, who  is a member of Dalian Piano-Expertized Association, which was pictured by his wife - Cynthia, Gao. Subway Charity of Piano Donation &amp; Activity is a good way for piano pupils' Growth and public piano-eduction, especially in China. Let us support it, thanks!]]

[[File:Crossing Year 2019-2020 Classical Piano Concert.jpeg|thumb| The Self-situation holding Crossing Year 2019-2020 Classical Piano Concert in local library]]
[[File:The beautiful views of Scotti-highlands (Teaching demonstration - video; Jason, Han).webm|thumb| The teaching demonstration of one important melody in Crossing Year 2019－2020 Classical Piano Concert in local library- 'The beautiful views of Scotti-highlands' (Video)]]
Teaching musical knowledge and diverse musical techniques and schools for children and young teenagers, especially being good at studying, learning, researching and teaching impressionist music, such as Sir Claude Debussy's:
Wikipedia introduction of Sir Claude Debussy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy#Late_works
Wikipedia introduction of impressionism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism_in_music

He thought impressionism in music should have already been transformed to be Post-impressionism as some scholars had also believed.
Wikipedia introduction of Post-impressionism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Impressionism

But this judgement, if being heard standing more loudly, still needs to be tested in musical life and practices by Time.
He thought: if impressionism in music would be developed much vividly and expressively with more musicianship, it should make the post-regression and post-communications back to its root, as 'postmodernism in painting' across subjects and across sensory organs. How the techniques and skills of both can be compared with and shifted by - from the directly visualized senses to some meaningful auditory ones, and how masters in this field would use their musical techniques and notation-knowledge to explicitly express life-impressions in minds. Supported by new technologies and cognitive sciences, there are plenty tasks which need us to take. 
Wikipedia introduction of impressionism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism
Therefore, hoping more and more enthusiasts of music can learn, research and learn this school from France, from Europe and from some fork-expressions all around the worlds.

Let us leave a developing zone, here ...[Sir Chopin's musical style may content a big love of his own country, the indoor-limitation of behaviors, the sickness-depression from tuberculosis(desire of health but cannot get),
the un-expressive love to his life-partners, and the gentleman thinking-wandering supported by brilliant fingering skills… It's a complex from young...[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 07:59, 13 August 2021 (UTC) []
But, here and now, please try to relax yourselves - enjoying life impressions (with music's helps).

Experiments of Self-built Learning Resource Portal for guiding the training of impressionist piano techniques:

'''Neo up-picking of '''old memory''': The impressions of Sir Chopin's advanced techniques-training, accompanying with my pasted young-teenager life'''

[[File:Chopin in memory classroom good.ogg|thumb|Chopin in memory classroom - good edition after many attempts]]
('''Self-reflexivity and Comments collected and referenced from the original Wikimedia Comments' file - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chopin_in_memory_classroom_good.ogg]''': 
English: It's said: in each heart of every pianist, piano educator, piano teacher, piano dreamer, learner, and enthusiast, there should be a place for Chopin and a melodic theme wandering, dancing and rotating deeply in mind, which is twining around roof of house making you ignore the tastes of cuisines three days without attention (referenced from Confucius' dialogue when encountering amazing music) . 
It should summarize dreams after excellent techniques, unrestrained fashion, gentle expression, noble personality and patriotic heroism, especially standardized for a piano-boy's societal development. 
Oh, Jason, maybe currently, it is a little bit far from your (my) life and age, but you (I) still keep one own piece companying with you (me) for tens more years, which involves lots of fragments of educational experiences, free shares with peers, private or public performances and happy memories, etc. Then, I put it into my philosophy, with a deep impressionism of Chopin growing, blooming, and never-aging in the spirituality and musicality world. (Indeed, Chopin's techniques are far from impressionism and turning to another approach - &quot;Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering ... we need no less to use the rest of the hand, the wrist, the forearm and the upper arm.&quot;, and One needs only to study a certain position of the hand in relation to the keys to obtain with ease the most beautiful quality of sound, to know how to play short notes and long notes, and [to attain] unlimited dexterity - as his writing in Projet de méthode. But, while you are (I am) taking postmodernist impressions to see them accompanying with your tens more years' life participant-observations - oh, and your rough hands, limited energy and shorten time cannot be compared with yesterdays', they fuzzed to be one deep impression of Chopin in your memories with details unclear but heart true. I don't really know how to put it in my postmodernist educational journal. Is it neo-expressionism or neo-classicalism... but not really - so complicated??? Is it my emotional expression...??? ...but techniques trained used to be advanced, then currently, 'Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes' has almost been released in my classroom performance. Therefore, firstly, by releasing here and waiting further considerations, it's still made from a common named Jason, as the respect and remembrance of Sir Chopin and his post-memories in past .) Deeply in my mind, it's not great as Revolutionary, some flowery mazurkas, and Great Waltzes(I also enjoy listening to and exercising them very much), but a small piece learnt from my teacher and my mother and performing for my peers and family members (also requiring advanced techniques in middle tenth-dancing, rhythm-keeping, fioritura-singing, romantics-reasoning) - light, pure, joyful and bright - as a flowing spring. With it, I enjoyed some beautiful life moments, and passed by lots of examinations, and life-tasks, like a happy (used) waterfall. Yes, it is almost named as Trinity-Form
G-flat major Waltz)
Further Wikipedia introductive Reading-list: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltzes_(Chopin)]

===  Post-Piano tutorial progresses from Jason's learners - in honour of Sir Chopin leaving in Prior-memories ===
In the reasonable line of piano family education before and after, I used to be suggested by my tutor and mum: Jason, in the future, you'd better to seek a period felt in some energetic situations, in which you can dedicate yourself in training advanced techniques of your hand in terms of Frédéric François Chopin's Waltzes, especially some from the collection of Grande valse brillante(Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_valse_brillante_in_E-flat_major_(Chopin)]). However, it was two dozens more years pasted by that I haven't sought out a right period in which I was full of energy. I thought I should feel the regret.
Thanksgivings! I am a family piano tutor that what my lost 'dreaming stars' I could pick up for my 'kids' in their right stages &amp; progresses, through some educational approaches, such as notation-analysis, background information-introductions,video-observation and fingering &amp; handshape &amp; sound-effect researches... Therefore, prior 'lost' was transforming to be post-benefits, in which the magical powers of education and music were coherently threaded as a whole representing my small happiness of 'inheritance' (Oh, I wasn't dying as Chopin's complaint about doctors' analysis ''Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead; the second said I was dying; and the third said I was about to die '' in December 1839, after his beautiful France Romantics and an England Tour recorded in some works, as what our F major Waltz had recorded. &lt;ref&gt;'George Sand Part' from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_valse_brillante_in_E-flat_major_(Chopin) &lt;/ref&gt;. That's my lucky. Therefore, here, 'inheritance's' external scope was enlarged to mean 'some beautiful techniques was sustainably passed by, carefully stored and neo-developed in my learner's mind and fingers supported by educational power.) Oh, it was a lovely girl young teenager (around 13rd year old), about whose educational stories, I had a prior talk in my languages, my post-reports of Sir Debussy's classrooms in Children's Corner. Here, you might feel time was a little bit disorder - 'before or after', but from multiple-channels, they were threaded in a pearl chain of subjective initiative where they should have been in. There, prior lost would be re-picked up and recovered in Post-time; though a little bit idealist, kids' dreams could be warmly post-embraced and post-raised up, no matter too small - we will have wished them: 'never fall... never'.
Though still some 'fails' and LIVE recording facilities in tutorial room weren't quite good, let us try to appreciate her edition and think of how many endeavors in terms of each technique-point were behind it:
[[File:MM Good classroom F major 1838 Grande valse brillante.ogg|thumb|Waltzes, Op. 34  No. 3 (Chopin) in Grande valse brillante in F major, player: Xuemeng, Hu (kid's name in children's cornder: Meng Meng). Comments, please refer to the original file in Wikimedia Commons]]

=== Portals for Postmodernist Research Preparations  ===
'''Piano Etudes as poems -'''
* [[Portal: Piano Etudes as Poems | Piano Etudes as Poems]]
'''Spanish music with impressionist elements -'''
* [[Portal:Maloguena dream|Maloguena dream]]
'''Impressionism in China -'''
* [[Portal: Impressionist Visualizations (for musical imaginations) and some Sound files | Impressionist Visualizations (for musical imaginations) and some Sound files]]
'''Sonatinas from Kids' corner near heaven -'''
* [[Portal: Sonatinas from Kids' corner near heaven | Sonatinas from Kids' corner near heaven]]
'''Green Sleeves (Impressionist Visualization) -'''
* [[Portal: Green Sleeves (Impressionist Visualization) | Green Sleeves (Impressionist Visualization)]]
'''Blues &amp; Jazz learnt for fun and a fast brain -'''
* [[Portal: Blues &amp; Jazz learnt for fun and a fast brain | Blues &amp; Jazz learnt for fun and a fast brain]]
'''Mozart's Genius Techniques in Kids' Eyes -'''
* [[Portal: Mozart's Genius Techniques in Kids' Eye | Mozart's Genius Techniques in Kids' Eyes]]
'''Special interest - Musicality from Chinese Literature and translations'''
* [[Portal:Chinese literature |Chinese literature]]
'''Oceanic Musicality from Outdoor-Sport - Winter Swimming prepared from Daily Long-distant Swimming'''
* [[Portal:Winter Swimming prepared from Daily Long-distant Swimming |Winter Swimming prepared from Daily Long-distant Swimming]]
'''Piano-kids' Corner from classroom and virtually online'''
* [[Portal:Piano-kids' Corner from classroom and virtually online |Piano-kids' Corner from classroom and virtually online]]
'''Pentatonic Impressionism (China Wu Sheng) in the view of Neo-classical Piano Techniques-training'''
* [[Portal:Pentatonic Impressionism (China Wu Sheng) in the view of Neo-classical Piano Techniques-training|Pentatonic Impressionism (China Wu Sheng) in the view of Neo-classical Piano Techniques-training]]
'''Vienna School's Aesthetics - Photography for Musicality Cultivation (Piano Exercises)'''
* [[Portal: Aesthetics from Vienna School (Musicality) | Aesthetics from Vienna School (Musicality)]]

=== Wiki-Documentary collection and Practical exploration of piano techniques in Impressionism on the level of Globalization ===

==== Ideology and Critical thinking from Jason's  Wikiversity-perspective ====

===== Root - Ontology and epistemology =====  
World began from the streaming tendencies as its chaos background, then many twinkling-switching impression-points open their realized-or-not eyes to see out some mainly logical themes (procedures and faithes) upon the atmosphere background. That's the impressionism of universal. Now, we came here and time...
Under the World-Era background of postmodernism, for the purpose of entirely recovering the Impressionism techniques of piano, we need to dig a channel with binary materialist supports from both Internet+ collections and daily Educational accumulations. Yes, we can imaginatively stand on words and phrases online or on paper as virtual materials, then collect them; and, we can also vividly consider educational impressions from piano-practices as spiritual materials, then pickup. Afterwards, mixing and integrating those all through engineering-analysis approaches dialectically, we will began to wander throughout more landscapes and watch more beauties internally this channel, for dreaming after pure musicality and reasonability. Furthermore, this channel, supported by some advanced techniques, will be twinkling the brighten 'stars', outside the 'winders' set upon the waving tides of colourful background, ornamentally but also thematically. Then, imagery purity upon 'Holly snow land' would be jerry-liked, gravitationally, self-reflexively - either  mechanics or even anti-mechanics - constructed out and solidified in, which is deeply carved in Debussy ''Doctors'' eyes but also from globalized Children's Corners (Creative places) around all the worlds. Indeed, about impressions, in my view-horizon, peoples in globalization have already made multiple fragmental fork-explorations, through diverse fork instruments and expressive approaches. Therefore, there would be a paragraph collecting what we can know as some folk treasures. Yes, Impressions, somehow, can be fragmentally distributed from consciousness to unconsciousness of races-diversity especially in Collective Unconsciousness (About this term, depending on Time and Energy's limitation, I found a piece of Wikipedia-introduction, about which we can make a Reading List and collect further pieces of informationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_unconscious). But, in my (DWL)Dream's Wandering Legend world, we needed to remember the first leader who has systematically summarized them as a school which has been influencing the field - Music, should be the France in Europe.  This paragraph, collected from Wikipedia - Impressionism (art movement) below, can give a proof of what I have mentioned above: 
'Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.' &lt;ref&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;Wikipedia (2016) Wiki-entry 'Impressionism' Searched from Wikipedia. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism. Accessed: 4th, December, 2016&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 
In other aspect, from my practical learning, operations, teaching and participant-observations, Impressionism in piano techniques is dialectically contradictive field, even its contradiction in existing itself is also a contradiction, with some internal or inter-schools' debates. On one side, you need to take care about detailed techniques-carving upon materialized life-walls of Times-spaces-crossed channels you are in; on the other side, generalizing those all, you also need to outline a fantastically existing and dramatically varying universe with supports from spiritual impressions bridging multiple channels from others.

==== Recordings of various Methodological explorations  ====

===== &lt;big&gt;Post-prelude&lt;/big&gt;  =====
You knew, Epistemology, in clearly understanding Ontology of musical impressionism in postmodernist channel, isn't a one-time and easy-going procedure. You will have to give out your proposals, and test them from daily practices and documentary reviews. Sometimes, you find it could have made no function, and had to restart a new approach; and sometimes, you would take a new state by summarizing all the impressions of the past together; and sometimes, you might never want to return back again. Then, in Marxist theory, it would be compared with a spring with its channel rotating upwards, and you are going alongside it. Sometimes, you will have found you almost returned back to the original point. Don't be fear, my friends, indeed depending on your accumulations in the past, you have already been in the upstairs of your Epistemology, causing your contributions of your commons' knowledge and your practices in daily life can be compared with solidified material blocks having already been constructed into historical building and left for all, will give the foundations for your actions and will never be forgotten by historical reasonability ('Universal Lord' - personally thought: it should also possibly be recognized by Hegel' 'Spirit'). 
(More professional materials and about how this recognition can be gotten out, we can review Wikipedia introductions for further learning - Key words: 'Marxist philosophy', 'Marxism' (Epistemology) and 'Post-Marxism')   
&lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Marxism', 'Marxist philosophy', 'Post-Marxism' Searched from ''Wikipedia'' ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_philosophy; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Marxism; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism. Accessed: 23rd, December, 2016 &lt;/ref&gt;  
Therefore, in these explorations, various different methodological approaches have been applied, or summarized applied growing from root, and with some digital materials, formations-shaping ways, words-modifying ways and thinking ways critically created or collected from Wiki-family.

===== ''' Educational prelude of Post- English Suites subcategorized under &amp; as Post-prelude ''' =====

God didn't give me the giftedness of composition, but to creatively learn, to reasonably teach and to improvably perform. What my approach was still basic binary post-Marxist practices with critical thinking in and from classroom. I thought I needed to add one prelude in this channel, as a complex in remembrance of a life style I used to own in the past, but for future. It was called 'Post-prelude', caused by the reason: in my life process, it has already gotten 'post-', then to be made into considerations, as things' changing fast towards a time-hooking. It isn't a perfect edition, but in my own hands. I thought, I should have the confidence: alongside time's on-going, one day a well-performed piece will be produced out, beautifully re-appearing colourful imageries in my dream. Therefore, it was also an opening case with developing zone, towards future.
In this time and space, I would like to report some small findings for education 
(Before this small research, I reviewed some pieces of information from English Suites - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Suites_(Bach) and some Chinese Grading-test teaching videos, I found the division of its structure were quite useful in daily teaching and learning practices; but furthermore, we can try to reason it much clearer):
1. This 'six parts' suite indeed wove each two as a holistic logic of the modelled pattern, or sometimes across each signal part’s ‘terminating cross' to another middle peak-turn as one pattern.
(like 0.00 - 1.10 minutes, it can be called a holistic logic (Theme-Development-Counterpoint-Small Break-Cannon &amp; dialogue - Weaving body - Terminating code); like in 1.59 minute, it ran to the peak but immediately turn back to repeat the pattern' variation - a hidden new beginning which is usually ignored. We can make it still as in a whole pattern; and after 3:2 'ornamentations', around 3.10, a rush threaded from left hand's motives to right hand's totally began a code repeating ideas of the beginning theme.) 
Afterwards, this suite will be logically and creatively divided into 3 or 4 paragraphs, which would be better for classroom-practices (with the same pattern). Meanwhile, 'one connecting 2 or more' idea of the real suite would be fulfilled, which better realizes English Culture, not only about music, but living custom. We can review an explanation of 'Suite' from Cambridge online dictionary 'a set of connected rooms, especially in a hotel'; yes, so did dance;
2. Each terminating code would be performed out a small 'rit.' as for middle break (rest), or 'curtain call'. I think, this point is also reflected out culture and customs; 
3. In texture, our keyboard touching techniques need to reflect Baroque Counterpoint's requirements', and clearly identify its relationships and differences with another definition 'polyphony'. 

'''Homework Requirements (Self-explorations):'''

(1) Regarding with this point, we can firstly review its reading lists in Counterpoint and polyphony (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterpoint] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphony]);
(2) Then, Please view 'Two-factors analysis' research approach mentioned in its Talk page ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Counterpoint#Suggestion]) and other talks there, for the identification of some related definitions, and existing problems in this field;
(3) Try to collect and structuralize all 'Counterpoint' parts of our English Suites from its manuscript, and try to collect and analyse some textures of its polyphonic sessions (especially some difficult fugue parts);
(4) Try to realize requirements of (3) point on your piano through recording sound files or video files. Please pay more attentions to their rhythm, dynamics(especially the loudness of some independent melodic lines) and musicality (in Neo-expressions, such as sentence breaths and emotional changes)
(Answers will be researched out sometime in the future. Then, we can have a check and further discussions.)
4. Gracefulness would be 'tasted' out from natural inspirations &amp; impressions of Baroque architecture, gotten in some childhood or young teenager dreams of your own life. . &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia(2017). Wiki-entry '''Baroque architecture'''. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Available in: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_architecture. Accessed: September 6th, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;,  Here, an example was re-picked up in my memory sea was Sir Bach's 14th 2-parts Invention. Friends, we can try to make some senses: 
[[File:Bach Invention 2P 14th.ogg|thumb|Bach Invention 2P 14th]][[File:Invention 2P 14th Sostenuto.ogg|thumb|Invention 2P 14th (Special sound effects in sostenuto pedal and jade beats)]]
5. Smart and skilful treatments of ornamentation should be applied as from colours of Neo-classicism and Neo-expressionism; 
6. Variations of Dynamics should meet Neo-emotional expressions in dancing movements.

===== &lt;small&gt;Postmodern Impressionist Explorations of Baroque Techniques:&lt;/small&gt; =====

'''Debate 1st - Highlighted 7th point: Baroque staccato fingers-technique in piano, for simulating Harpsichord's sound style '''

Since the time of my childhood learning with my teacher from a skillful piano family, she has taught me:
the treatment of Baroque staccato in piano field needs to be specially trained. It shouldn't be played as jumping too much and too heavy but naturally, gently, half-attachment and with some originally beautiful manners of European noble fashion , especially about grouping semiquavers without slurs set upon. Some composers' works, in that period, were highlighted, including some from Domenico Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas (Wiki-introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti)and some from Johann Sebastian Bach's inventions, suites and fugues ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach) etc. Yes, they are what pieces piano players encountered so frequently and left deep impression of Baroque music in memory at the primary time. 
In that time, I didn't quite understand why I needed to train my fingers with this keyboard-touching fashion, but merely following and carefully exercising time after time. 
Alongside my growth, my further learning requirements and my own face-to-face tutorial needs for my children (students) in studio, I began to explore and reason it much clearer. 

'''Inherences from Harpsichord Era:'''

* Through documentary reviews, I found the primary reason rooted not in piano' physics structure, but harpsichord's (Wiki-introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpsichord). We knew piano was, in certain degree, developed from Harpsichord. There were three reasons can explain why this piano fingers' technique training imitating Harpsichord's structure-oriented sound-effects would be made this fashion (above): Firstly, as in our wiki-article: 'The vertical motion of the jack is then stopped by the jackrail (also called the upper rail), which is covered with soft felt to muffle the impact' - this point made notes played out from Harpsichord hard to be linked together, as the application of piano's fingering legato by 'walking fingers one-attaching tightly following another's raising; Harpsichord's sound-louder facilities - 'the sound-louder box' surrounded by soundboard, upper belly rail, lower belly rail, tail and bottom are usually smaller than modernist piano's; meanwhile, pedals haven't been summarized and developed so advanced as what piano's. 
* However, accompanying with people's make-up style, dressing fashion, postures of performance in solo community and further count-fashion etc., harpsichord's sound-effect became a symbolized remembrance of some Golden times in past and their personality and temperaments. 
* Piano was developed from harpsichord, and some compositions can be played on both. This sustainability gave piano the ability to imitate harpsichord, simulate its beauties and pick up some manners of techniques representing golden fashions, especially in Baroque and Renaissance keyboard music. The treatment of Baroque staccato is one important technique of them. 
* Compared with harpsichord, piano could be of much sensitivity and flexibility in dealing with keyboard-touching and varying relevant sound-effects. That's the timbre difference, which cannot be overcome by changes from structure. But, special training of hands with manners and customs, seen as literacies, would be better for Neo-expressions and New-classicism; meanwhile, can be seen as nowadays' post-modernist constructive regression for Baroque Channel.

'''''Requirements:''''' 

(1)fingers of hand need to be naturally dropped by wrists one by one; (2) when touching keyboard, fingers need to stand upon and attach each for a very tiny 'later' time (a little bit lazy) - not too fast or yet jumping heavily; then, naturally pick up it through a coherent force (motion) vertically upwards, which is given still by wrists; (3)repeatedly shifting this sequence to the next finger; (4) please be gentle and relax in playing, and highlight some grouped heads of phrases. If there were some grouping ornamentations depending on these staccatos, please be more careful, smartly and softly, but with centralized weights upon bigger staccatos, rather than 'small notes'; (5) It's better to appreciate pictures, architectures, pieces of music and life scenes in Baroque era (Yes, Wikimedia commons can give us some associations); then, bring these imaginations into your mind alongside your performances' processing, naturally, gently and finely.)

'''''Practical sound effects:'''''

Regarding with the application of those memories, discussions and requirements of Baroque Staccato above into our Pre-prelude - English Suites, its possible research-effects in sounds, and especially the dance personality in Suites suggested from Gigue(British jig) (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigue), we can get some enlightenments by exploring 8th 2-parts invention in Bach's preparation-works. I have taken a sample for demonstration (it could be bettered in future). 
[[File:G Major - 10th 2-parts Invention, Bach.ogg|thumb|This Invention (No. 10) - G Major 2-parts, happily dancing and existing from my memory of childhood, has woven out my primary love of Baroque custom. Though it applied total Baroque Staccato and long-sentence ornamentations to express a joyful fashion of Baroque Dance (British jig) - Gigue in piano instrumentation, you couldn't feel quite boring and tired, but be willing to move on and on, round and round, until the end of a Golden Era. Alongside your behaviours, holly lights were reasonably shining around the area your dancing steps traced out where an imagination Baroque Suite room of yourself appeared (even only for you single). It was quite right that the decorations of this Baroque Suite room were following principles and patterns of Baroque Era - Canon, Counterpoint, Polyphony, Woven body, dance rhyme and ornamentation...; but still, it left some great developing zones for your own 'inventions'. You see, long-sentence ornamentations can be waving tide by tide; and your body languages can also be designed out a life style of people living there while you were dancing your fingers upon keyboard... Though compared with the natural gracefulness in Invention 14th, 10th was a little bit weak in the praying of immortal spirituality ; it gave a festival celebration of true joyfulness' back-returning and your down-calming mood to hold them in mortal complexes - such as companying your family all day, and tasting an afternoon tea with them in the fall suggested from Grandma's Bible classroom, or something else... But, dear kids and young teenagers, you knew, Baroque staccato - your natural &amp; relaxing wrists, fast-dancing fingering but still with very good &amp; controllable manners, pearls-liked staccato note-quality, sentences' breaths and those highlighted rhyme-heads still need many years' training and your dedicated enthusiasm. You can put it in your piano courses and try to better it, alongside your growth.]]

'''''In addition:'''''

Some students asked me &lt;big&gt;'''the relationship between Baroque architecture and Baroque dance, and how they were reflected out from piano instrumentation in music'''&lt;/big&gt;: oh, it was a hard question that: (Firstly, we can make a first impression of the complication of Baroque architecture (textures) in music through this piece- it`s only a standard texture with 3 parts in Invention, but so layered-out, foundationally-made, musical heads-leading and well-structured in system: [[File:3 Parts Invention 8th- from Sir Bach.ogg|thumb|3 Parts Invention 8th- from Sir Bach]])We would reason out that - a group of people got a fashion of one era (ideas) from their souls that they have the willing to express. They might choose some easiest ways and nearest ways - representing their own ideas through the movements of their bodies - such as singing out from mouth, or dancing out by body languages... We can call them 'first-stage - the self-mirroring of landing reasonability'. (how those ideas can be landed in minds is another story that someday we can discuss) Then, after the atmosphere of fashion by one group or multiple-groups were built up, they would separate the self-mirrored and self-expressed aesthetics-sense from their own operations - they own bodies, and re-projecting those to their performances in reality - such as logically recorded in notation for instruments, or engineering in architectural designs &amp; patterns. Afterwards, human beings' 'aesthetics-self' were separated into two: one were flowing or solidified 'outside', maintained and dying by time; and the other - they own 'self' can be liberated out and repeatedly appreciate &amp; modify &amp; create 'outside' beauties with new curiosities and some renewable minds, which can be passed by generations after generations.

===== Editing - '''Debate 2nd - Highlighted 8th point: Exploring Baroque fingers-techniques of Ornamentation in piano - An introduction of Internal-systematic researching approach ''' =====

'''Background-Knowledge Introduction:'''

In the discussion of Ornamentation treatment, there were many debates, about which main stances were originally centralized into the waving direction from its first note and its rhythmic ranges of other notes. Regarding with its treatments, Baroque traditions VS. Scenery self-expressions of composer gave two opposite sides with some moderate approaches ranging upon its 'scaling variable'. In my philosophy (methodological part), I cannot make a direct and absolute cut for confirming something is right and many others are... indeed, there were really no black-white answer. Somehow, this treatment can be seen as players' personal literacies according to their music educational background - yes, their preferences.  But, in some scenes or to certain reasonability, we can analyse one treatment's possibilities in system and try to make some senses of its aesthetics appreciation.  
Firstly, in order to make senses of ornamentation (trill.)'s different versions, let us set our English Suite aside, and listen to two different versions from Fugue's voice (one of the most complicated contrapuntal forms ): 
The first version of d minor fugue (please see below) is a very nice and sound-effected fugue in Sir Bach's &lt;The Well-Tempered Clavier&gt;. In this version,  pianist Kimiko Ishizaka's softened keyboard-touching techniques are enjoyable to my ears and her flexibility of ornamentation (trill. ) performance is also brilliant, reflecting her higher controllability of fingering and forces, in my views. About the ornamentation, like piece (0.05-0,06), we can hear she has applied traditional understanding of Baroque Ornamentation, which sights 17-18 centuries' Baroque composers as a whole group and makes their grouping expression of fashion as a theory deducting  and guiding the treatment in d minor fugue. Then, we found: the signalized trilling G (big note) was played from its above note A and made a wave - AGAGAGAG-A. This expression is an absolute and simplified version simulating harpsichord's sound effect. Many pianists, when dealing with composers' works in that era, usually generalized this version for simplification and popularization.
* Kimiko Ishizaka's Version:
['''(Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_1_-_12_Fugue_No._6_in_D_minor,_BWV_851.ogg )''']
&lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' ''The Well-Tempered Clavier'', 'd minor fugue' '''In''' Session 'Audio of Book I' '''From''' 'Recordings', Searched from Wikipedia. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_1_-_12_Fugue_No._6_in_D_minor,_BWV_851.ogg. Accessed: 2nd, May, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

There are also many other versions, among which what I has applied is from an educational approach - from my country's national grading test for advanced level. From my analysis and thinking reasoning, in this version, trilling note G's dominant property, as the main note, has been emphasised by a first semiquaver beat of itself. Then, the trill. took the above note as the second note to wave out a twice vibration between A and G. Finally, it took a rotating opposite and returned to the main note. It was heard like: G-AGAG-FG -A. Yes, this pattern is with more flowering pattern, and somehow complicated and difficult to gain. Someone would not feel like to learn. But, from analysis, we can find it filled two gaps between the main note, its rotating below, and its linked next note, which made the transitions much natural, according to palm's growth. Meanwhile, the Main property has been highlighted. Another point is: you can hear the shade of traditional version (Kimiko's Top-downwards) from the second semiquaver beat. 
* Jason's Teaching version:
[[File:D minor Fugue Bach - Expressnist edition.ogg|thumb|In my depth of mental sea (Mainly about the education of piano), a piece of Fugue is lying there. Yep, it's 'd minor Fugue' in Sir Johann Sebastian Bach's 'The Well-Tempered Clavier' (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier). Though about the performances of its ornamentation, there are many debates in terms of what fashions Bach's preferences were and whether they were only in certain exact scenes which Bach preferred to make some styles to some exact groups. About this topic, 'western side' and 'eastern side' almost have quite differential ideas - someone prefer Era's fashion as being generalized upon all Baroque composers, then applied to some works of Bach (Top-downwards trill.); while, someone prefer the explanation that it can be seen as Bach's individual fashion in some scenes to individual groups. I think: if the resurrection can be made, Sir Bach would also confuse about why he had performed them as so and how he had thought them out... But, the love of playing Bach's has never changed for many centuries among piano boys and girls. I found some music-score dictionary attributed it to players' personal literacies. I thought somehow it was also reasonable...Therefore, in this version, I played it according to a teaching textbook in a national grading - an moderated and coordinating style, but with techniques and strengths what I preferred. In other aspect, if you ask me: 'Hi, naughty Jason, what's your impression of this piece?', I would say: ' Under my educational background, it was like a piece of sorrow mind's self-expression &amp; self-reflexivity - multiple-thinking dimensions have been threaded together in a very complicated (thick and vertical) texture emotionally and beautifully'. Oh, maybe I am a boy wandering in the middle between binary cultures, then, would carrying this feeling... I don't know... But, in psychologist views, after hearing it or playing it deeply, absolutely, they will say: 'Jason, it can be compared with our psychological consult (treatment), in which - firstly, we were leaded into a dialoging theme (B1-B8); then, 'climbing up a mountain' to collect pathway-principles (fragmental indications) among a huge, maze-like and complicated forest of life (with multiple layers and events) (B9-B20); taking much deeper expression of every mood-chain, their composition and totally ranges under a huge emotion-atmosphere (some whispers, then, life complains, deep reasoning &amp; threading, and even loudly cries would happen during this procedure) (B21-B39); Back-returning to original theme, and then, getting the Release of the extra metal power (B40-B44; especially, it contents a final solution to D major block-root which made it bright and got out of life maze). I enjoyed this music trip in education, though still some lacks in techniques were there waiting my further enhancements, such as a forgotten of B29's trill, - sorry, in that Live Space, I felt a little bit tried. But, I wanted to entirely express my experience of it. It's said: Fugue was one of most complicated  contrapuntal forms (Counterpoint) in engineering approach, which needed some very careful trainings of both thinking and hands' techniques. (Wikipedia introductions: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterpoint;  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue).  Yes, thanks, Sir Bach... But, in commons' mind, what the most benefit from its appreciation, I thought, should be 'getting a total mind-Release from multiple mood-chains, and enjoying a final peaceful emotion after reasoning our own sufferings during these several years']]
&lt;ref&gt;MingSun, Zhou. Eds (translated; 2007) 'd minor Fugue' '''In''' The Well-Tempered Clavier, The Works-Collection for National Grading Tests. Beijing: The Press for Commons' Fine Art. {{ISBN|9787802400429}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Therefore, as common learners, I think we can follow at least two versions to make our hands-trainings depending on our preferences and background-understandings of sir Bach and that Golden Baroque Era. We can also postmodernist &amp; explicitly express and attribute those emotional chains hidden behind its surface, which Bach's music wanted to tell us. It's another story, about which we can make some discussions through a review of Jason's English self-reflexivity in this Link [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D_minor_Fugue_Bach_-_Expressnist_edition.ogg] from Wikimedia Commons 

'''In-systematic  Analysis for Our English Suites'''
After a very careful mind-identification and detailed introduction of Ornamentation(trill.), we almost got some senses, afterwards, let us get back English Suites and reason out a possibility of its ornamentation (trill.) treatment inside its music manuscript(transcript). Meanwhile, a type of inductive researching approach - In-systematic Analysis (evidences-collections from signal notes-phenomena, theory-forming, practical application into specific situations) could be understood for reasoning, practice and self-style's cultivation.
In brief, most ornamentation (trill.) ways and techniques in this G Minor English Suites (under flat B major system) have already been clarified and signed above ornamentation signals(tr.). Even, in the peak part ' Interaction-F- Ornamentation (B161-B172)' (Please see 'Structuralism-analysis' below ) of Royal Suite B, our Sir Bach has almost designed a total and clear demonstration of his Baroque fashion and idealist thoughts regarding with the ornamentation fashion in his age.
Please see the referenced music manuscript (transcript) Sample 1st (B62-B63) below:
[[File:Sample 1st from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.).jpg|thumb|Sample 1st from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.)]]
In order to emphasis his idea, in some reversed Ornamentations (trill.) (down-waving oppositely), he also gave a head-link and some very careful demonstrations, such as Sample 2nd (B22) below:
[[File:Sample 2nd from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.).jpg|thumb|Sample 2nd from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.)]]
Notation-following them, we can research out Sir Bach's basic ideas and principles in the Ornamentation (trill.) treatment of this piece:
1. It was made into semiquaver triplet (three divided and averaged notes) per quaver time;
2. In the first quaver time, it should be played a throughout chain from the downstairs note, threading the main note and up-rising to its upstairs note, like the trill. Flat B: it should be A- Flat B -C first;
3. Then, in the next quaver time, it should wave between main note and it's upstairs, like still the trill. Flat B: it should be Flat B - C -Flat B;
4. Following the 3rd point, if trills was continuing, we need to range another triplet wave and thread it to the next, like still the trill. Flat B: it should be C- Flat B -C;
5. But if a downward line was drawn - the Reversed signal (as Sample 1st for B22), we need to make a quadruplet regression (playing 4 divided and averaged demisemiquaver notes) downward and return to the main note, like in Sample 2nd G - it should be A - G - Sharp F - G;
6. If there was accidental Sharp or Flat, or recovery signal set under the middle of Ornamentation (trill.), it was usually made towards the downstairs note, such as Recovered A in Simple 1st and Sharp F in Simple 2nd.

In my opinion, after those principles reasoned and gained in our hands, when a targeted problem occurred, as what Target shown below, we can make a reasoning application of what we could know but Sir Bach didn't notice us:
[[File:Target from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.).jpg|thumb|Target from English Suites' Ornamentation (trill.)]]
It should be: G - A - Flat B in the first quaver time and A - Flat B - A in the second semiquaver time (yes, we can make a little bit acceleration to show our fingering flexibility). 

I thought after this In-systematic analysis, we somehow could be near Sir Bach's reasonability in music. Why I call this researching way In-systematic analysis: We knew some golden, traditional, brilliant and perfect Baroque edition, such as pianist Martha Goldstein's harpsichord referenced in our Wikipedia article of English Suites (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Suites_(Bach)]). Indeed, I like it very much, especially when hearing the brilliant keyboard-touching techniques and it's traditional Top-Down deductive Ornamentation (trill.) treatment. But how can we make some reasonable possibility by collecting internal evidences, forming a theory, then applying into some unknown problems? May it be Sir Bach would have thought it like this and implicitly hidden behind the tradition... I thought Neo-expressionism and Neo-classicalism would pick up it. 
Here, some experts would criticism me: Naughty boy Jason, what you mentioned are as so, but it didn't realize it into your classroom recording beside; oppositely, you played the third way - Main rising &amp; waving( A- Flat B - A - Flat B; then, tail A - G  G)     
Yes, I am sorry. Firstly, I had tried many times, but my hands-techniques didn't allow me to add another heading upstairs note (Oh, I am thirty year old. Every time thinking of it, I am a little bit sad and would rather get back to my sixteenth - maybe mother would say: Naughty Jason, even getting back that age, you really haven't fulfilled or dare to yourself in piano; That's quite right I am paying for my lost, but I would try more exercises); Secondly, it's about another story of its simplification. About the second point - its simplification, my stance is: Sir Bach almost wanted it a first raise and wave from the main note for reflecting main note's dominate properties in this Ornamentation (trill.). This point is my idea which would be different from tradition and could be criticised and argued. I think In-systematic analysis above is much stronger than this one. All of them are from the love and respect of Sir Bach's engineering world of music and his so brilliant English expression. Thanks! 

 '''&lt;big&gt;Homework and Exercises (Advanced and Research level)&lt;/big&gt;''' 

* '''&lt;big&gt;Requirements and instructions: (Please see the fourth photograph set besides)&lt;/big&gt;'''
[[File:ES Homework and exercises.jpg|thumb|
Requirements and instructions:
1. Please ignore some bad looks of my characteristics-writing and just focus on the manuscript (sorry, my paper-writing of characteristics and letters were really ugly, in my view. I attributed it to my lazy attitude. Oh, my mother usually told me: Jason, you need to write in good shapes, when facing your peers and students. But, I usually find an excuse: sorry, my energy and time didn't allow me... Peers and kids, don't follow this brother's example. You see, it was like animals' footprints or ghosts' signatures); 
2. Please try to apply knowledge of ISRA (In-systematic Researching Approach ) in self-researching out a possible neo-edition of Ornamentation (trill.) of this piece - how to play and explain in both music and language;
3. Please try to record your own sample after self-reasoning and analysis (Be brave)]]

* '''&lt;big&gt;Sound answer:&lt;/big&gt;'''
[[File:ES answer for HE.ogg]]

* '''&lt;big&gt;Explanations:&lt;/big&gt;''' 
Following our discussions of this approach until now and here, advanced learners (including small Jason) have already gotten the abilities in researching out a possible answer of this unspecified ornamentation (trill.).
let me tell its designs and why I made it like:
1. The first semiquaver rest played by left hand needs to match a very fast demisemiquaver triplet downstairs- upward trill. of right hand which was made throughout the main note - Recovered B and sounded like A- Recovered B - C. About this design, we have already known Sir Bach's implicit willing of 'triplet trill.' - first one in up-going tendency. Yes, you can also make a total '3:2' to cover left hand's semiquaver beats; but afterwards, you will find upstairs C would be repeated 3 times and hand's smart feeling was lost. Therefore, I gave a first demisemiquaver triplet to cover left hand's first semiquaver rest;
2. In the second semiquaver note of left hand, the second demisemiquaver triplet (Recovered B - C - Recovered B) was given to cover it. Then, the third principle above - 'Upstairs' shaking' has been targeted. 
3. Originally, palm's growth (growing with fingers in each order) has been applied as one considerable factor impacting fingering designs; and, it was naturally progressed to the following C without any gap.
Congratulation to your good learn! After training your hands for a period and taking the following highlighted 7th point, MO Version set besides can be made out with much smarter hands for the soul of English Suites. But, if you prefer to keep this technique stably heard, lasting for much longer time and your fingering much smarter &amp; fluent, another self-training of it with engineering approach in daily exercises is quite necessary. Students in advanced level can try to search more evidences from this suites of Sir Bach's or other Suites.


'''Highlighted 9th point - Educational self-reflexivity: Natural Impression of its (Prelude in the third English Suites) Horizontal structure ranged upon Time &amp; Space, according to English Language - 'Suites' ''' 
Programmatic formation is the impression I usually brought with when listening and performing the sampled Prelude in 3rd English Suites. In our common's history, usually, the procedure of programmatic formation, presented regularly, periodically, frequently and reasonably, can associate us deepen some unstable subjective impressions, fashion behaviours, popular languages and societal customs into aesthetics and culture, and fix them for lasting longer. Some evolutionists would dislike this impression, for its usual representation of　conservatism which could block the development of new productivity. But, after certain evolutions or in some post-periods, it is also going to function in accepting, fixing, saving and sustaining 'Evolution-fruits' (Thinking twinkling). In Baroque Era, I thought Suites (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suite_(music)]) played this role through 'suits-liked' structuralism. Here, the scope of Suites' definition - its enlargement and development also taught us more about how to deal with its structure-organization and composition-management: from the description of '''Room Suites''' occupying real Times &amp; Spaces, to the description of '''Dance Suites''' summarizing similar behaviours and body languages into symbolized rhythm, till its transformations into 'musical composition for instruments', fresh fashions and expressive expectances have been auditory recorded, as in Programmatic formation alongside civilizational regression and up-picking of golden personalities. Yes, it was 'Dance Suites, was commons' weekend dancing in Suites-liked ball-room, and was also Royal Suites (cells-liked rooms being nested throughout one after another) separating different music paragraphs but with a coherently endless joyfulness for life and future... 'Therefore, when we attempt to perfectly realize this teaching procedure, some abstracted 'Royal Suites' and their impressionist 'souls', rather than several 'small connected rooms', can be carefully analysed out, with details fuzzed, but impressions kept, suggesting where course-designs, exercises-presentations, assessments-achievements should begin with. In the '''''Structuralism-analysis''''' below, semicolon divided a small room (suite) or a series of dancing motions threaded in the sequence; but usually, a real 'Royal Suite', in spiritual impression, contents a thematic small suite (or room) and one or several supplemental small rooms (suites) . Their patterns are forming Suites' basic operations, with customs and matters turning back to 17 century Baroque Era. Therefore, in each repeated small suite, furthermore enlarged to be the whole '3 Royal suites' one by one in sequence, we must keep the basic and frequently re-appeared behaviours, dynamics, expressions and customs regularly, as if following certain predictable principle of stylized and progressive model, for showing the understandings of reasons why in certain pace and interval some techniques would be applied there and what respects of traditional thinking pattern they would show for. In other words, from thinking patterns to hands' techniques, body languages and customs expressions, we should model our daily trainings and exercise to be predictable and fixed. Only based on this engineering approach and seeing structuralism as functions' carrier, Neo-expressionism can get its foundation and make more colourful creations and impressions of a golden age above that. Owing to this ideology, I gave a structuralism-analysis of this piece as following:

'''''Structuralism-analysis''''' (represented by English Letters - full connected Prelude-suites (6 into 3) seen as 1 up-taking 2 small rooms - Royal suite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_suite]) :

'''''Royal Suite A:'''''
A (B1-B7) B (B8-B15) C (B16-B21) D1 (B22-B27) E (B28-B32) Middle-Stop;

Interaction-F (B33-B46) Counter-B1 (B47-B54) Counter-B2 (B55-B62)
Code-E (B63-B65)

'''''Royal Suite B:'''''
A (B67-B73) B (B74-B81) C1 (B82-B87) D2 (B88-B95) E (B96-B98) Middle-Stop;
Interaction-F (B99-B111) A (B112-B115) B (B116-B122) Simplified E (B123-B124) Middle-Stop;
Interaction-F (B125-B138) Counter-B1 (B139-B148) Counter-B2 (B149-B156) Misplaced E (B157-BB160) Middle-Stop;
Interaction-F- Ornamentation (B161-B172) Developed C2 (B173-179) 

Transiting D (B180-183)

'''''Royal Suite C - Code:'''''
A (B184-B187) B (B188-B195) C (B196-B201) D1 (B202-B207) E (B208-B213) Termination 


I think these standards created and collected from our information bank would motivate a better draft in its sustainability towards FUTURE.

&lt;big&gt;'''First Draft of English Suites: (For normal Performance; See besides)'''&lt;/big&gt;

[[File:English Suite No. 3 in G minor (Modern piano) First Draft for Education.ogg|thumb|
'''2nd Draft:'''
Briefly say - it's with much fluent sound-effects and strong rhythm,  suitably as a fast dancing suite, in which postmodernism picks up vivid colours from Neo-expressionism to see Neo-classicism's unexpressed, down-pressed, and deep-controllable emotions, then tries to explicit them in dynamics and expressive techniques.
A movie - Pride &amp; Prejudice (2005 film) (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_%26_Prejudice_(2005_film) ), with beautiful scenes of Baroque-dancing ball-suites, gave many inspirations to this version. Hopefully, it will be heard having met more postmodernist targets, as a Post-prelude. And hopefully, we can enjoy it. Better version can be researched out in future. 

'''1st draft:''' 
To be honest, this draft isn't mature and (far away from) satisfactory in piano performance, according to my dreaming standards. I was hoping it could be in Neo-expressionism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-expressionism) and Neo-classicism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism), for reappearing rich colours, continuously varying emotional changes abstracted from formal manners and Royal dance-structuralized movements &amp; scenes in a past Golden time, but through commons' hands. However, in this draft, for the reasons of short-time exercising and practices, I can only push out some basic ideas of Neo-expressions, such as highlighted theme-line with heads, layers and ornamentations etc. 
No matter how, about this draft as a new beginning for my love (I really enjoyed to play it and appreciate its imageries) , I need to give my thanks to some pieces of information provided from Wikipedia - English Suites (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Suites_(Bach) ),  Baroque Music (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music), and Martha Goldstein's harpsichord Edition; and some inspirations from my and my children's daily classroom-practices.
Hopefully, in a short time, a better draft would come out; and hopefully, more commons would enjoy to share their reasonable works through daily practices on this platform; and hopefully, piano keyboard in this century would create more beautiful 'colours', like thousands flowers' blooming - of richness and vitality.
]]

&lt;big&gt;'''MO Version  ( Besides, for professional performance with more tastes of Baroque Golden Era; Compared with 'First Draft...', this version with the 'Modified Ornamentations' was made according to 9 points disscussed above):'''&lt;/big&gt;

[[File:English Suites MO.ogg|thumb| Jason's Neo-classicism and Neo-expressionism: 'you are standing here, and watching the golden fashion there, with impressions being summarized for our current willing' . 
Emotional complex in words 'when standing here, and watching Sir Bach's 'there-standing' to see a great England (or UK) and its peoples' life fashion in his own impressions', it's like to watch a Symbolized Mirror in my dream projecting the life of a Long and Unknown Miss. We (Sir, I and learners...) were all not there... in that time and space... but still... musicality in system can teach us... See more, please turn to its main page in Wikimedia Commons]]

===== '''&lt;big&gt; Creative Homework and Exercises (Advanced and Research level):&lt;/big&gt;''' =====
'''1. Student's Performance as the main teaching &amp; learning result of piano:'''
[[File:English Suites No.3 Prelude Xue Meng Hu.ogg|thumb|Teaching Result for English Suites No. 3 Prelude from Wikiversity to the real practices - Meng Meng's performance a week before examination]]
'''Comments:''' The Connections have all been threaded together with fluent but gentle manners from English traditions, from which brilliant social Ball-liked Dance-suites for commons have been described in the world of imagination. Baroque Ornamentations, in her very smart and slim hands, have been performance greatly when hearing. Main skills were trained good, but skills of some parts beyond her age - around 14 years old would need to be trained frequently, afterwards. 'Fast wasn't too hurry and rough but with down-calmed breathes in rhythm' would needed to be understood well in the future. All in all, Meng Meng has already shown her fashion creatively in this English suites with some differences from the original teaching through her skillful hands. More experiences and knowledge of performance in different scenes were needed for her development. 

'''2. learnt Suites Formation in ...(oh my lord, Jazz &amp; Blues):''' 
'''''Royal Suite A:'''''
A + B (As a 'Supplemental A'; Regarding with samples, you can see the portal: Blues &amp; Jazz learnt for fun and a fast brain above)

+

'''''Royal Suite B:'''''
a Variation C (The 2nd chorus made according to A)

'''(Notice: In this homework, we can participant-observe the functions of Suites thinking in different musical fashions)'''

===== &lt;big&gt;Postmodernist Impressionism - Special Researching approach for music researching in instrumental techniques, which needs to be highlighted&lt;/big&gt; ===== 

In my opinion, we title it: Impressionism '''in music or the field of piano techniques; but originally, painting should be the most visualized expression''', of which I thought, if comparisons and contrasts between this root and other instrumental expressions can be made for further researching and exploring, more deep impressions of this field would be abstracted out as for creative findings. In other simple words, what ''''Painting techniques'''' to describe imageries (Session impressionism techniques of Wikipedia introduction -  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism])，such as generalized large-brocks colours-brushing, simultaneous contrast, symbolized meanings borrowed from 'natural lights', spirit's floating directly upon 'rough surface' etc. ,  have been highlighted and some similarities and differentiations with instrumental expressions are of the essential importance in my approach. I thought: when it comes to language descriptions (it's hard), much more detailed Interpretivism　and reasoning would better the situation. Watching throughout them by using 'a pair of glasses', we can see more 'drawing pathways' from piano and musical expressions. And, our channels would be more vividly 'with some intervals of blocked clouds being pressed out and holly lights beautifully sun-shining down through clouds to warm souls'.

===== New Educational Researching formation and some pieces of works-analysis （Techniques collected from the learning of Wiki-operations and sections are set beside the texts） =====

===== * '''''Moonlight is the real moonlight, but being vividly and thoughtfully heard when shining upon the sea and beach of not only the reality but also the poetic imagination:''''' ===== 

[[ File:Moonlight - Clair de Lune (As the rememberance of Sir Debussy.ogg|thumb|Moonlight - Clair de Lune (As the rememberance of Sir Debussy ]]
'''Description of Moonlight's Historical Tree (Editions in Times):''' 
Time would have been changing, always; and, things would have been being fizzed quite unclear, already. Closing my eyes, consciousness integrating with some symbolized unconscious imageries may only transform them to be some deep but easy-broken fragmental impressions (even a breezing sound) in my memories and further left in an area of mind-sea there, about what the experiences of keyboard-touching for this melody and some fantasy landscapes of Sir Debussy's Moonlight, reminding there to be mixed without  clear boundaries for distinguishes, and as a fantasy trinity of spirituality (missing), vitality (growing) and sustainability (blooming). 
Self-comments for third draft:
Then, the third draft came out. Yes, it must still be carrying some faulted details, thereby wasn't perfectly heard. However, 'Short, thick strokes of paint quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its details' - this sentence somehow provided the meanings for its survive as one of commons' impressionism, as what small Jason's. When fragments of memory began to be fading, mixed, rolling up news, rippling out light recycles and interacting fatally orbiting routine, a natural impression was still there - growing vividly, as the root with visual boundaries between itself and universal darkness unclear, reminding some memorialized fuzzes there, thunders-wandering, lights-shaking and energies-spreading, with imaginational elements as the supplemental building materials. Therefore, it was still keeping a far distance from my artistic dream on the other bank of life river. However, in this draft, loves and emotional changes from commons 'life have already been attempted in a better situation (than before).
Analysis with some researched evidences: 
But in my heart... the enthusiasm in trying to understand what Sir Debussy has seen and been willing to express - the imageries on the beach of Poolesville (1915, summer) or other beaches in his past, during his tours in the First World War, has never faded its colours. Oh, the time of dreaming it is from my childhood. 
I am dreaming that he had been wandering alongside one beach and left feet kissed by waves from a mix of moonlight-waving, its projective tides-waving and sound-waving reflected. His mind was then flying throughout the darkness, with breezes as wings and lights as shoes, then sliding upon the surface of sea, directly to the clouds surrounding moon. But before, he had been trapped into a deep confusion about why sound-effects of piano has lost its colours in the world wars and how to awake people's fingers and techniques to recover scores' beauties. That's why in this version, in 'Tempo rubato' - the second mind-presenting part, the ideology represented by root-chords has been expressed so deep and so exploratory. Debussy was like a poet, struggling with heart-conflicts of idealist dream and the reality, to travel to the most peaceful and holly 'En animant' Peak session and pray for what moonlight's gentle-caressing would get away human beings' unstable and dangerous minds, and get back original beauties of the seaside shined by silver-moonlights. 'Deep but light' - yes, two sides of this contradiction, in master's composition, have been unified together, as if forces-mechanism has been oppositely turned back and steaming in a quite magic situation. Yes, he has gotten it freely there - the dreaming silver moonlight-a flower blooming on the other bank.  
Hoping: this draft would be better than before and it could be seen as a Christmas gift to my own heart and to some volunteering members in Wiki-family. Let us create more new senses for peaceful situations of the worlds in the coming 2017!
&lt;translate&gt;On n'est jamais mieux servi que par soi-m^eme.
Cherchons nos doigtes!&lt;/translate&gt;
'If you want to make things better, please depend on yourselves. Let us find our giftedness in more exercises for overcoming some difficulties in fingering (techniques)'

'''Small References for one historical facts and some words mentioned:'''
 Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Claude Debussy' from ''Wikipedia''. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy. Accessed: 20th, December, 2016
Claude Debussy (1916) eds. (9th) 'Preface' and 'Brief Introduction' of '12 piano melodies for techniques-exercising'. G. Henle Verlag, Munchen (Debussy Douze Etudes): People's Press of China (Bejing). {{ISBN|978-7-103-01632-9}}

Though it was a debate about whether or not the research of Impressionism techniques is needed in dealing with Debussy's Clair De Lune. Maybe, it was a little bit like a fierce argument. However, the respecting and pursing of Sir Debussy and his fine art 'natural dreamland' are truly there, according to the Wikiversity edition above and the comparison edition - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clair_de_lune_(Claude_Debussy)_Suite_bergamasque.ogg . Sir Debussy's 'Musical Imagery paintings' are surely about landscape-beauties of naturalism and people's subjective interactions (mainly the 'Impressions': longer accumulations&amp;re-treatments of perceptions for many years though 'Sensory Touchings' but also with memories and artist imagination), under this whole environment or 'Scenes&amp; tendency'... This point has been confirmed from many researching schools, currently.[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 23:03, 24 October 2019 (UTC) Meanwhile, some artist 'touching' techniques in terms of playing Debussy's can be felt out from this debate. Wishing children or young teenagers would make some senses!

===== 'Never-ending &amp; Super-time' Homework for 'Forever Piano-kids': =====
Please make some Contrasts and Comparisons between Sir Debussy's Moonlight and Sir Beethoven's Super-time Metal-Rocking 'Moonlight Sonata 3rd Movement', after getting both fashions (Thanks to technology, you can simply watch Beethoven's fashion): 
[[File:3rd movement of Sonata 'Moonlight' Rocking Video JMC, Han (Jason).webm|thumb|3rd movement of Sonata 'Moonlight'_Sir Beethoven's metal-rock_Performed by JMC, Han (Jason)]]
 '''A reference''' of several sentences from Jason's (mine) Openlearn platform of Open University could give us some '''suggestions''' in Contrast &amp; Comparisons:
'Beethoven's music was postmodernism or to say Super-modernism and abstractionism that moonlights were like many fast-racing silver-knives penetrating Beethoven's painful realistic experiences (own unfair fate) and his never-reached idealist love, somewhere in an extremely-expressing Romanticism-Dreamland.' (Course Review of 'An introduction to music research' in Open University, 2018)
'''Homework Answer in Beethoven's side'''
About Debussy, in my page, there are many in depth and impressionism... 
Regarding With Beethoven in Postmodernism, a possible homework answer (sound) was here, right after a local library presentation: [[File:Moonlight Sonata - 3rd Movement of Sharp c minor Sonata Beethoven.ogg|thumb|Moonlight Sonata - 3rd Movement of Sharp c minor Sonata Beethoven]] [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 07:52, 29 April 2019 (UTC)
'''Key words explanations, self-learning ways and further readings''': 
Postmodernism -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism;
Abstractionism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstractionism;Romanticism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism; 

Beethoven's personal life and love: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulietta_Guicciardi; 
Printed manuscripts: No. 9 Symphony - 'Ode To Joy'[[File:Good quality &amp; copyright printed manuscript for reading Beethoven's Symphonie - 1st No. 9th in d Finle.jpg|thumb|Good quality &amp; copyright printed manuscript for reading Beethoven's Symphonie No. 9th in d]], and 'No. 5 Fate'[[File:Good quality &amp; copyright printed manuscript for reading Beethoven's Symphonie - 2nd No. 5th in c.jpg|thumb|Good quality &amp; copyright printed manuscript for reading Beethoven's Symphonie - No. 5th Fate]]
'''(Reading by following a DVD of Beethoven symphonies collection carefully)'''

===== &lt;big&gt;* '''''Children are doctors for adults, as the reason that they can create some most advanced techniques than your imaginations, but with the purpose only for happily playing their games. I guess: Chou Chou must know it, and father Debussy also. Then, heaven is near:'''''&lt;/big&gt; ===== 

Idealist dreams - the engineering realization of 'Chou Chou's playing techniques' and imaginary impressions through behaviourist language-descriptions:
(To be honest, it’s not to say I can get these behaviourist targets in practices; but, as in educational perspectives of Wikiversity, we need to set some idealist targets for understanding what are Debussy's impressions, how they were formed by expressive techniques, how to guide our learn-tendencies, practical operations and how to better the situations in which new sound-effects' out-coming would be possible. Depending on my educational research background, it was like a 'check list' for planning practices.)  

'''B1 till the head of B3:'''

(Letter B means the bar of a 5-staff-transcript. What is 5-staff-transcript? we can review the historical knowledge about how 5-staves-transcript has been formed in a long history (It wasn't always a 5-staff, but originally developed from people's willing of coding sound), and about which, our Wikipedia introduction (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staff_(music)),and some online courses-platforms from academy, such as fields about notation-reading in Future Learn and Music Theory in Open Learn etc., have already made some very clear and detailed introductions):
If you let me describe what imagery impression (or life scene) I have seen and what keyboard-touching feeling I have gotten from this musical phrase, I would like to compare it with a game of children's - Stone-skipping. I guess: maybe Chou Chou has gotten the principles of it. (Information from Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping)
But, you may ask me why and how I extracted this imagery impression. Furthermore, What types of hands-techniques have been applied here?

* Mechanism analysis of forces applied from practices:

It was a pitches-rise of right hand with grouping motifs in modelling running of four-quavers - as the united tiny motif. Forces, applied in dealing with every small motif, isn't in average, but with a centralization (fulcrum) set at each head of these small motifs. Meanwhile, other three are supported by these fulcrums, and slipping the whole hand to each next, as for forming the impressionist background layer in the bottom. Therefore, when playing the other three, your fingers need to touch out the depth, as half degree of these keys to form background sound-effect. Rather than, your '3rd, 4th and 5th' fingers, when making keyboard-touching of these grouping heads of motifs, need to fulfil the whole keys and are like these force-fulcrums, to support left hand's 'slipping' to higher places entirely. After hearing, you will find these grouping heads in a queue (with notes in shape and forces in physics) have been highlighted, as twinkling 'lights' in variations. And, your hand is rotated to rise and slip from point to point, by making keyboard-touching with the touching of water-surface.   

'''Documentary comparisons:''' 

'''Notes:'''   

'...The stone generates lift in the same manner as a flying disc, by pushing water down as it moves across the water at an angle. Surface tension has very little to do with it. The stone's rotation acts to stabilize it against the torque of lift being applied to the back...'&lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Stone Skipping' Searched from ''Wikipedia''. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping. Accessed: 23rd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Comments''': That's quite right about rotation acts upon fulcrums - every time being for hands' slipping through surface-touching of water. Yes, keyboard, in Debussy's works, touching keyboard can be compared with touching of the surface of water or a mix among water, lights and clouds, which we can discussed in the talk of Wikipedia. &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Children's Corner', 'Talk: Children's Corner' Searched from ''Wikipedia''. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Corner. Accessed: 23nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, by a little bit critique, I think the surface tension of water as the background, should also associate with stone's (Supporting fingers') 'slipping', and give the counterforce-supports to other fingers. In this case, water striders' actions for moving on the surface of water can give us further enlightenments (It's because of touching, then rotation is enhanced by counterforce on the surface; and water's tension (expending a little bit extra) is functioning for the entirely movement to the next). &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Stone skipping’, ‘Surface tension', and 'Water striders' Searched from ''Wikipedia''. ，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerridae. Accessed: 23nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Following above, where is the beginning force? Oh, don't forget the whole head - an octave chord (C2- C3) divided by a depending ornament upon main C3, which is like a throwing force motivating the whole imagery impression.
For brief, here, one of Chou Chou's little games, as from the very beginning, has been vividly described standing upon paper - stone skipping. You can feel the functions of one hand' fingers (right) have been separated into two with centralized fulcrums set on one of your 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers and others as for background, among which forces were transmitted for the whole's slipping. Then, energies, as impressionist paints' applications, have been managed with twinkling light natural emphasised and background half-touched 'Grays and dark tones are produced by mixing complementary colours’. &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'impressionism' Searched from ''Wikipedia''，Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism. Accessed: 23nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Oh, don't forget to give A beginning bang transmitting force from the left hand to the right hand. It's a throwing one for all. Following all these techniques above, one piece of technique carrying its sub-properties have been unified together as a whole. 

'''B3-B6 - The directions of forces-application (fulcrums) -  fingers-wiping (Upwards) or forces-pressing(downwards) VS. the relationships between twinkling heads (in the groups of 4 semi-quaver notes which can be compared with 'leading stars') and their dispersal background recycling round by round:'''

* The direction of forces-application (fulcrums) -  fingers-wiping (Upwards):

In this piece, Chou Chou and her father have almost jumped into the lake-liked water-surface which they were playing Stone-skipping, but fantastically mirrored and reflected out upon sky into another impressionist scenery like what this painting showed - The Starry Night. Wikipedia introduction:' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night' &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'The Starry Night' Searched from ''Wikipedia''， Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night. Accessed: 29nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 
But, you would ask me: Why did I state this vision that Chou Chou and her father's journal had been travelling there, and how did Debussy describe it through instrumental techniques? 
My own vision is: Though there were many debates about The starry Night's expressionistic symbolizations (in my mind, impressionism's extreme side would go to expressionism) - about its galaxy-origin, woman's painful birth-procedure, or religious relations, by simplifying them deeply and only picking up one most useful element interpreting our case which my mind-touching for it can get from the past, I would say: in this night-sky, stars were always magically twinkling as only ornamentations, holistically impressing the whole impression of the universe in dark into our memory and locations-statically heart-beating(moving)in certain interactively-shaking rhythm, which can be compared with numberless eyes shining in the sky - blinking and blinking with the vitality. In this time, Chou Chou, associated by Debussy Clause's advanced instrumental techniques, has lighten these eyes in the sky for us to appreciate impressionist beauties. 
Yes, Scientific approach has already told us: stars' astronomical twinkling is caused by the reason that multiple layers of atmosphere have refracted lights' getting through-in - which were travelling for multiple times &amp; spaces then arriving here on our earth - especially when even a small breath's occurring would change our seeing-angles in atmospheric medium.&lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'Twinkling' Searched from ''Wikipedia''， Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkling. Accessed: 29nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; However, when this impression was recorded into the world of subjective imaginations without helps of any machine and only depending on our own willing, it somehow transformed to be every single painting-stroke's pixel-vibration which was also relatively vibrating our mind. By threading numberless 'eyes-vibrations' together, we knew the on-going of its theme - to appreciate the peaceful Glory and the dreamful Harmony presented by the creator, which Chou Chou was angelically singing out. Then, how did Debussy express it in sound-effect world? 
By bearing imagery-impressions of visualization obtained from The Starry Night in mind and by making the deep simplification, we can know two sides of this comparison - from its origin to its target - are all about energy-vibrations - light's vibration → sound's vibration. 
Following it, this hands' technique, landing in the instrument of piano, isn't so difficult as we imagined that Debussy has highlighted several main quaver semi-staccatos as heads of 4-notes-semiquaver groups with each quaver rest followed: (Indeed, this technique has been repeatedly applied in the following part, but sometimes functioning variously, with the main point rooted as this.)
When playing the treble part, the forces-directions of 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers (head-beating) and the rest ones are quite different. The head-beating ones need to create one type of sound-effect as the note-vibrating and eye-blinking, by slipping and wiping backwards (semi-staccato) upon keyboard's water-surface (it's a little bit like making the rolling-jumping alongside its force-orbit.) By matching it with left hand's opposite fingering wave-approach &amp; associating accompaniment and pedal's breathily smoothness(intervals), the soul was described out summarizing the spirituality of all 'eyes-twinkling'. We can know, in this systematic mechanism, several mains can represent the tendency of all. This double lines (Mainly in higher part of right hand, but associated by left hand) are weaving together as the framework of The Starry Night and for 'giving texture to the painting'. In this case, the technique of painting - Impasto applied in impressionism (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impasto) can somehow make interpretations cross fields; while further, in terms of what impressionist effects reflected out from the field music and piano, I prefer a scientific explanation fulfilling its abstracted mechanism of stars-twinkling - 'Diffuse reflection' (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflection), which we can try to make more senses in the future.

* The directions of forces-application (fulcrums) -  forces-pressing(downwards):

If things what Chou Chou and her father wanted to idealist express which are understandably required musicians' hands-performances only have reached there as what paragraphs above have been shown, this story cannot be called a legend journal and an advanced impressionist description.
In the second half tightly followed, force-direction of grouping head-beats have suddenly turned oppositely downwards. It was almost that Chou Chou wanted to press a sequence of lights-vibrating bubbles which are mirroring the twinkling eyes in our Starry Night into a deep place under our water-surface-liked keyboard. Oh, this effect is that she collected them into one big accumulated bubble under our memory sea. We can find: the direction of fingers (3rd, 4th and 5th) has been totally changed - to press notes down smoothly with the full value of a crotchet attaching with others upon keyboard and standing there. At the same time, other fingers have been meanwhile playing the role of background-making - fuzzy without clear details of sound-effects, but as the totally floating impression-streams, wave after wave. In this case, energies have been accumulated by two hands as a whole, then waiting for a further breaking-out tide. Here, we can feel how fineness Debussy has designed the applications of forces and their textures into his works. He can even totally reverse forces mechanics in the immediacy. But, when it came to us - the players and appreciators, we need to train the controllability of our hands, the distinguish-abilities of our ears and attempt to express it better and more vividly. That's the job of continuous learning throughout life, which we can dream after and practise. Every time, a little bit more progress would make me feel happy and smile - just because the distance between dream's realization and my position has been shortening. 

* The demonstration of the dispersal background (the rest 3 semi-quaver notes attaching with their 'leading stars' in front) recycling round by round and their relationship with quaver heads:

Final part of this session, I want to say something extra about impressionist background. Indeed, this is really a charitable and contributive job. It wasn't the 'blooming followers' but 'volunteering grasses' for setting 'head-beatings' off more vividly. However, special keyboard-touching technique is also required that we need to make more preparations. Sometimes, the depths of 1/2, 3/4 or 1/4　are required alongside the changes of dynamics and vibrations of 'eyes-blinking'. Preparing for it can be compared with 'Colours are applied side-by-side with as little mixing as possible' &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016) '''Wiki-entry''' 'impressionism' Searched from ''Wikipedia''， Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism. Accessed: 29nd, December, 2016&lt;/ref&gt;, which is for describing the degree what a fineness it is. But, finally, the purpose of all our background-preparations are only for auditors' self-ignorance of its 'much more details', their willing of 'singing-out' the vivid framework in multiple-layers' texture, their possible appreciation of the impressionist theme with the supports from background atmosphere, their self-summarization upon some fragments of impressionism and further integrations with their own experiences, and their participant-observation of an entirely dispersed and fantastically floating universe emerging from own hearts and from the windows of our own channels. Hopefully, it would be of the understandability.     

'''B7 - 10: Classical Dynamics system VS. Anti-classical expressions: Master's requirements for some techniques of imaginational impressions (magical fictions)'''

* B7: Classical Energy-tide and its expression in Dynamics 

In the normal situations, music was compared with the floating water (or certain imagery joining basic elements from liquid, clouds or lights). It is because that they have the similar mechanical system (In music, we call it Dynamics system). The very simple impression, when we are watching them, is like the waving tide carrying energy (twinkling in visual system, or vibrating in sound system). In other words, it can be called 'energy-tide'. It is said floating matters, rather than solidified ones, are good at expressing energy's changes during the time tide is coming, as what music, liquid, and clouds have shown. About their expressions, 'forces' pressed down from outside into their mechanisms can work and motivate the whole phenomenon's varying. Accepted into subjective senses through sensory organs, the total impression without much clear details will motivate our mental energy and deeply push our emotional 'tide' wave by wave. This is the normal situation, as what the oceanic tide on our earth are motivated by the gravitational forces in spaces. (interacted by earth' core, moon and sun) &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2016)''the section 'Forces' of 'Physics''', '''Wiki-entry''' 'Tide' Searched from ''Wikipedia'',  Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide. Accessed: 1st, January, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 
In nature, the highest point of liquid's movements is usually where the application of the extreme force, to show the internal energy's centralization and externalization. We can call that point the energy-peak. In order to get it, there should be a continuous rising of forces' level for climbing to it, and a continuous decreasing of forces' level for landing back to the originally quiet surface. That is the procedure of energy-tide's coming and passing-by. Because of the dramatic energy-changing and energy-moving inside, huge forces are usually expressed out with the huge and apparent powers (to objects). In order to get this sense, we can review a piece of material from Wikipedia - 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami (Wikipedia introduction:　https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Mentawai_earthquake_and_tsunami )
In music and sound-effects field, it was also working, but by fulfilling the performance of dynamics with hands (piano). Usually, the highest note (mouth), as B7's middle E, is also the peak of energy-tide. Besides it, we can find two same wings - a 'crescendo' impressionist scale and a 'decrescendo' scale being continuously produced and attached upon each side. By analogy, from formations to content, we can know it belongs to the family of 'energy-tide'. This one should be a significant peak-run, because of its lowest beginning and ending were the same at 'pp'. Then, through two hands' (fingers) tightly matching and dramatically climbing up and landing back, the natural impression of powerful tide has been realized beautifully, which Chou Chou must understand how to play it from heaven onto the ocean. 

* B8: Anti-classical Energy-tide in Dynamics and its realization by hands' controllability

As what we have discussed above, B7 is designed in classical mechanics system - higher pitches' rising alongside natural forces' impotence  more deeply, which can be compared with tide-energy's passing by. However, in my heart, if things are merely arriving there, it cannot be called the application of advanced techniques. Afterwards, Doctor Chou Chou has played another fantastical game from heaven. She totally pressed down tidy's peaking tendency into one channel under musical sea, and let it go in a regular way, without indications floated up to the surface and being seen clearly. On the surface, what impression we have obtained is a winds-calming and waves-peaceful sea-face with light smiles. Originally, B8's quiet and 'normal' scene should be from people's 'normal' expects; but, nature taught us 'envelope-liked climbing to the peak then falling down to the ground, alongside dynamics' 'attack (dramatically increasing) and release (dramatically decreasing)', is energy's systematically spreading out and needs much heavier forces' pressing down then departing away continuously, which are required from our fingers' controllability and for re-appearing natural imagery. This impression is summarized by people's empirical interpretations from Second law of thermodynamics, about which we can review much learning details from Wikipedia and its reading list (Wikipedia introduction: [[Second law of thermodynamics]]　　　　　　　　　　　https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics). Therefore, we can say this case was an expressive contradiction - 'pretended normal is truly anti-normal' and 'classical naturally births anti-classical'. Doctor Chou Chou must understand it quite well. Even further, thinking about: in which case, forces would lose their weights and energy would be anti-naturally pressed down in certain channels of our universe. Yes, if we want to theoretically reason it much clearly, around one year, we still need to go back to gravitation, but in a very different field - sound effect (Indeed, through the analysis of what sound sent here, we can make the judgements of what types of materials, endeavours and forces originally applied in the beginning - sound sources through engineering approach - to build subjective connections through training our sensory organs of body.) - ears and fingers' 'anti-gravity' need to be frequently trained for the expression with the accuracy. I am sorry to say: in my second draft, beauties of this bar haven't been expressed perfectly. Then, if in energy-signal's ending part - sound effect and for perfect controllability (Tiny single note's accumulation), it would be the term 'gravitational waves'. In my opinion, it isn't to say, our hands (arms and fingers) need to be so advanced - 'creating a black hole', but to say they need to make some very simple anti-gravitational moves, in terms of which the entire effect is seen as normal, but under the surface, forces applied are somehow anti-normal. To be honest, Chou Chou's doctorial expressions with this style, in ''Children's Corner'', are ranged upon many places. It is one magically artist description of certain '''symbolized imagery''' representing the relationship between natural phenomenon and their controllable gravity, energy-impacts, 'energy-escapes', and energy-simulations of, from or for gravitational waves; then, by joining them above all together, we need to explore: in what types of situation, gravitational reversibility (or as some interval stages of waving) would happen. (Wikipedia introductions: [[Gravity]] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity;  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave)
All in all, B8 and some like it needs to make some anti-normal endeavours to control your hands' nature and realize a quiet and peaceful sea-face, directly after energy-tide's passing by in B7. (About further explanation, we can review more pieces of information from the Comment of File History in Wikimedia Commons (Third Edition - 16:10, 15 January 2017), but the true music was wrongly placed at the position in which fourth edition should take (16:27, 15 January 2017). I am sorry. 
( Wikimedia Files-storing: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AImpressionist_Data_for_technique_analysis_-_Doctor_Gradus_ad_Parnassum.ogg )

* The mechanism of B9 and B10 (motif) is designed as to follow B7-B8's impressionist fashion, too

'''B11-B12: A simulation of the release of a sequence of bubbles (rising up) from underwater and to the surface '''

* Impressionist description:

Tightly following the anti-gravitationally down-pressed Bar B10, another advanced technique has been magically produced out, which can be heard by us in revealing Chou Chou's extraordinary doctoral imagination and her transcendentalist operations. This technique is regarding with a natural phenomenon - Bubbles' rising up in water.
Let me make a careful explanation: After a great amount of classical forces have been anti-gravitationally pressed down for recovering a peaceful 'sea-surface', we knew, in order to overcome jelly-liked Times &amp; Spaces' multiple- limitations, a hidden 'black hole' has been set in the centre of our 'hands' with a channel sending (escaping) the extra energy to the 'parallel universe'. It can be compared with the situation of being fixed in the depth of ocean, as a Aladdin's lamp sealing the damageable power of an 'energy-monster' in. However, in the other side - the white hole (or being mirrored in a occasion which would be compared with what Chou Chou has magically done - to release the huge power of a tide( or a tsunami)), Times &amp; Spaces' jelly-liked holding-back function has played the role of shaping its escaping routine into a wave-like up-rising channel, in which the whole energy has been divided into small pieces by Times &amp; Spaces, as gases in bubbles, staged flowing up at intervals (in rhythm). We can review some pieces of information about the changes of a sequence of bubbles' speeds in the procedure of flowing up, the reason why they can go but remain intact, and the equation for counting their pulsations (in rhythm) in our Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_(physics). Indeed, my explanation of this imagery impression is: the energy wants to escape in a very fast speed but cannot, because of Times &amp; Spaces' anti-forces in holding it back through changing angles of its pathway (deeply say: it is a result of interactive fighting between each other), which can also be compared with the situation Chou Chou's small hands are plugging bubble-liked energy-pieces back to the original mouth. I think this is also from one of the reasons why gravitational waves are 'heard' like waves - energy is staged divided and held back at staged as bubbles carrying gases to flow up under the pressure of fighting against Times &amp; Spaces. From this case, we can see how many pieces of knowledge doctoral Chou Chou in the heaven with her father have already known, especially understood their abstractions and applications in keyboard's practices and our fingers' descriptions, with their creative imagination.

* Fingers' realisation:

In this case, two hands of us need to be tightly matching together in order to behave as one hand. This procedure is made through one hand's tightly following with the other. We can hear 4 notes each in one group, as a small unit across two hands, which are forming a staged bubble-projection in the waving pathway; then there are four bubble-projections upon Times &amp; Spaces. From the bottom to the surface, it's the left hand which gives the power to motivate the whole mechanism' working in the fingering; then, the right hand is following after, but exploring further high-ways and leading the waving angles' changes. In other words, it's the right hand leading out the shape of waving pathway upon keyboard and guiding their progress to further step. It's better to play out an acceleration of our impressionist arpeggio alongside the cresc. of loudness, for simulating out the situation in which bubble-pulsation in rise requires. The final 'sf' and its dying out, alongside the procedure of the semibreve' standing upon a full time value of one bar, is an entire peak, as if rushing up to the surface of 'sea water', and bombing out there with full energy' release influencing in a large scope and lasting for long time. 

Thanks for this case, through reviewing which we can know how beautiful and what a magical world in Dr. Chou Chou's eyes in Children' Corner. On purpose or not on purpose, that's a problem. I think: just because of Chou Chou's childish ignorance of this complicate problem and totally behaving the full-hearted dedication of herself into creating universal beauties, (just for playing it happily, or being even without any thought of how and why to make them out) currently, through many times' excising and techniques-reasoning, we can find our hands' improvement, and the impressionist wandering to the purity after frequently trainings.  

'''B13-B21: Chasing above sea-surface: Chou Chou's game with Exocoetidae (Flying fish)'''

After travelling alongside a sequence of bubbles rising-up till being above sea-surface (B11-B12), we can find the forces' application realized by transformed staccatos has turned to a fresh field: how could us make the joyfulness through surface motions? Oh, smart Chou Chou's music-spirituality has chosen an amazing activity -playing a surface-chasing with her lovely pet - Exocoetidae (Flying fish). 

* Flying fish's flying mechanism:

In order to understand how Chou Chou can play so happily, but without self-ignorance of our own hands abilities. We can make this thinking: for making things clear, through accurate notation-reading, we need to get back to Flying fish's biophysics mechanism: 

In identifying Wikipedia introduction's words recordings of Flying fish' flight mechanism, we can know all flying fish's body parts - 'muscles, connective tissues, and ligaments in a fish’s skeleton; totally generalized: the vertebral column and cranium' - have been threaded internally by Neural arches, as a 'strong bow'. The shrinking of this 'strong bow', by accepting a signal from brain-linked Neural arches, would suddenly produce a strong force directly beating upon sea-surface with the direction back-forward. As a respond, the counter-force given by water surface would shoot up this streamlined fish - threaded all body parts - into air, with light swings overcoming resistances. In this procedure, tail fins (as grouped staccato-heads) play the direct back-forward motivation; meanwhile, higher-placed fish wings (as mind-borne huge slurs) play the function as gliding this movement from the beginning accelerations. Depending on this mechanism, Chou Chou's lovely pet - Exocoetidae (Flying fish) can realize its bird-flight. Indeed, small 'tides' surrounding its flight trace are like being wheeled, with back-forward streams counter-pushing fish's shooting, which are also projecting body parts' out shapes. In order to keep in air for longer time, middle re-forcing as another strong standing-point is needed during this interval flight, by its 'strong bow' with tail fins touching the surface. That's the whole flight which my recognition can get. About further researches and information, we can review Wikipedia introduction.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_fish . &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (2017)''the section 'Distribution and description' of 'Flying fish''', '''Wiki-entry''' 'Flying fish' Searched from ''Wikipedia'',  Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_fish. Accessed: 13rd, February, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

* Fingers' realisation:

1. In B13 - B21, you can hear left hand's staccato-heads back-forwarded wheeling and leading another linked 3 notes distributed upon right hand of each group plays each small shooting flight;
(Yes, the direction of left hand's staccato-head threaded with the wheeling 3 notes of right hand need to be played back forward and wheeling, as pedaling water's surface stream by stream. Then, flying fish, supported by courter-forces, can fly to the front air.)

2. Each 'slur' set upon these staccato groups should be seen as mind-borne 'wing fins' for keeping in air longer time and farther distance;

3. In each second bar covered by slurs, there are dynamics peaks between two wings - a crescendo signal and a decrescendo signal, supported by a 'post-' foot pedaling, counter-shooting flying fish's middle re-flight and re-acceleration for being kept in air longer time;(B14 and B16)

4. Oh, what a giftedness you can hear that Chou Chou sets several tenuto quaver heads distinguished with staccato ones to later their time values for more sturdier standings counter-reflected upon water surface. (Each second and fourth notes of B17 and B19).
It's like: in this lovely chasing, naughty Chou Chou suddenly rides upon flying fish, or grasps its' tail fins for delaying its time, and making some fun things. You can also hear 'hairpins' of dynamics - sudden softer signal, accompanied by posted right pedals tried to enhance this effect for the real joyfulness. (But, the effect still needs to be improved in future);

5. Finally, in this session, 'In Peu Retenu' makes a back-drawn and continuing 'slow motion' of flying fish's flight, which can be seen as the sprint stage of this race. There should be a back-drawn force slowing down the whole Times &amp; Spaces, which can be compared with the transformation of all these cases above to be a 'slingshot' - flying fish's 'strong bow' , being later down, but for a fresh beginning in NEXT 'a tempo'.


'''B22-B32 :  Chou Chou's Slingshot shooting a Rotating force-tendency highway upwards for enjoying a beautiful trip in the heavenly snow-land with Sun, Moon and Star-children shinning in the crystal universe together '''

[[File:Educational sample for demonstrating techniques of B22-32 (Sir Debussy's Children Corner - Doctor).ogg|thumb|This is a small piece of educational sample for the demonstration of piano techniques, belonging to the session 'B22-B32 :  Chou Chou's Slingshot shooting a Rotating force-tendency highway upwardsfor enjoyinga beautiful trip in the heavenly snow-land with Sun, Moon and Star-children shinning in the crystal universe together ' of one journal article researching Sir Debussy's Children's Corner - Doctor. As one techniques-sample, it's tempo was expressively slowed down a little bit, but oppositely reflected out more emotional changes when watching impressions of binary system's progressing under background of CMB (Unbalanced balance surrounding hidden gravitational axis - turning round and turning back - waving by waving). Meanwhile, you can also hear the parts of deep self-reasoning and down-falling towards clouds. I thought basic principles of impressionism, according to Sir Debussy's notation-transcript, had been kept. Better edition based on classroom background, will be researched out for commons' free shares and usages .]]

Tightly following the end of last session, we can see flying fish's 'strong bow' (a rit. &amp; a recovering force applied for another new beginning) has been magically transformed to be a Slingshot (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingshot) in Chou Chou's hands directly shooting up the melodic theme into a holly snow-land. In my opinion, this session can be called the second peak and pure exploration of heavenly snow-land.
Why can we say it is the second peak? We can find this session's preparative functions for the other top trip in the later part, in which more achievements of landscapes-appreciations have been succeeded by our Dr. Chou Chou. Therefore, this one is the first 'attempt'.
How can Chou Chou achieve it? I thought this session can be divided into 4 sub-steps (stages) carrying functional meanings. About their titles, I can conclude them as: 
Thematic variation in small fingering changes latterly with shooting forces-tendency rocketed-upwards, 
Sustain pedalling for creating an atmosphere of heavenly snow-land with high-lighted shinning stars decorated upon sky-celling, 
Holly purification and self-reasoning in an angelically crystal universe full of brighten galaxies, 
Falling back to a earth cloud with Bass-thunders and Sun-lights' penetrations providing senses of light's warmth.  

&lt;small&gt;'''B22-B23: Thematic variation through small fingering changes (B23) with shooting forces-tendency rocketed-upwards'''&lt;/small&gt;

To be honest, this model, as each beginning of three sessions (B1-B2, B22-B23, B45-B46), wasn't unfamiliar by us. It's like every beginning part of children race, with an acceleration of fingers' running to rise pitches to treble part and prepare for further adventures. However, this part is special with a distinguishable variation in B23. In B23, left hand played a guiding function with expanding fingering pathway to climb up mountains and leading 4-notes grouped right hand to a further sky. Meanwhile, it was carefully designed according to Orbital eccentricity (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity ]) , expressed through forces' increasing in dynamics-changing. You knew, under the background of gravity, if one object wants to improve its height to a far distant, it must recover its tempo to a continuing faster rate, in overcoming air fictions. During this procedure, its acceleration associates the transformation of kinetic energy to be gravitational energy; meanwhile, changing r (radius), collected as its height representing for gravitational energy's increasing, can be seen as vertical indicator (towards core)meaning the 'embracement' of further 'landscapes' in curvature horizon. Therefore, in my vision, four root-notes (intervals: third, fourth, third, fourth, finally towards sunny E in C major) played by right hand, with a expanding sense, gave the guides as ''Orbital eccentricity'' for rock's flying into further sky and realm. About them, We can give a self-range of its dynamics (4 levels) of pitches' rising, fingers-forces' inputting, loudness' increasing, to realize this effect. Here, a very naturally designed fingering pathway, as 'sky climbing-ladder', is of the importance, which Sir Debussy has referenced Mozart's 'nose-application' to give us some suggestions. ''''Natural' means that its design can follow the direction of accelerating tendency and hand's expanding pathway.''' In a fuzzing view, four root-notes are 'staring positions' of the curvature orbit leading a small-waving impression-belt orbiting to our higher snow-land in the space above clouds.

&lt;small&gt;'''B24-B26: Sustain pedalling for creating an atmosphere of heavenly snow-land with high-lighted shinning stars decorated upon sky-celling'''&lt;/small&gt;

What would happen further and what will us see tightly after last accelerated session? 
You can feel a pure universally holly snow-land have been formed (travelled to, or discovered) with amazingly astronomical phenomena magically existing summarizing different impressions of 'landscapes'. 
1. Binary stars system (yes, we can compare situations of two hands here with Spectroscopic binaries and a beginning of energy's integration. ) in piano expression and its hands' realization: from B24, left hand's leading energy has been totally released out that it flies by and orbits right hand in certain significant rhythm of position-occurrences. The observation of interactive 'Algol B orbits Algol A' in relative Wikipedia page gave me some inspirations of this situation. Here, through melodic analysis through our own hands, we can guess this stage in binary stars system's history - earlier time can be seen as still in a higher, enough and fulfilled energy level. However, the range of two sides are in one specially orbiting balance, with a ''equally-ranged'' merging tendency between each other - they cannot die out each other by gravitational attraction, but with energy system as a whole one including a major axis. Thereby, they were orbiting with each other in a special rhythm with one (indeed, it's interactive two) forcedly drawn by from one down-slowing peak to the other up-fasting peak. Indeed, it wasn't made out by 'left hand' only, but an interactive two sides with one accelerated merging into the other from one peak, then sliding out to the other peak; and the other influenced as energy-waving or even shape-penetrated floating small　Nebulas (impressionist background; about the effect, please see Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula]) It's really a beautiful universal phenomenon in higher energy level.   
   
&lt;small&gt;'''Fingering realization:'''&lt;/small&gt;

Signature 'l.h.' of left hand associates us to realize it. Depending on the acceleration, natural inertia and higher level energy-atmosphere pushed through B23,  We can see that left hand was making the frequently travelling (penetrating) throughout right hand's waving rage, in a distance about one octave; and about each wave (divided into two turned penetrations), two peaks from highest to lowest have been clearly twinkling out by left hand, as two crystal pearls hung by tenuto and a intervallic middle-shifting staccato (and both sharp C in the middle peak of B25, as a special tenuto-ing staccato). Meanwhile, dynamics range are naturally pushed though up and down with mouth as the middle main axis. In other words, let us divide this paragraph into points and see what basic standards here: 

1. As in one binary star system, the timbres of both hands need to be heard as if only in one hand without any differentiations, especially when left hand was travelling to treble part to fulfill a back-turning peak ;
2. However, tenuto semibreve and minim bass root-notes (in B24 it was a minor third effect - CE, and in B25 it was a single E) also need to create a whole impressionism atmosphere of bars, with time value being fulfilled enough. It's for the distinguishability of a stable higher energy level, contrasting to the accelerating part before. Oh, I knew maybe it was heard in crazy contradiction; But, indeed, on certain degree, they were dialectically unified together, as one for driving out this system, but when left hand was through out, the other back-turning peak for drawing back (braking) the energy of binary system. Then, they were keeping on going in balance;
3. Tempo in bass part (first half of B24 and B25)needs to make a accelerating accumulation (continuing faster) of force for driving the whole system to higher energy level. But, when left hand was across right higher to touch treble peak, a down-slowing and harder (continuing to slower) sense needs to be expressed out for braking and drawing back in binary stars system ( worked by eccentricity);
4. Following points 2nd and 3rd, a oppositely rotated middle axis will have been interactively revealed out with a Sharp C impressionism twinkling beautiful lights on the mirrored sky 'ceiling'. Oh, Debussy has totally anti-gravitationally (but also relatively in gravitational attraction's influences) reversed the axis in Bass part, which can be seen as a challenge of classical physics mechanism requiring more of hands' self-controllability;
5. However, there is also a contrast between B24's middle main axis and B25's that one is a staccato, but the other is a semi-staccato. How could us see this differentiation? I thought it should be one type of natural transformation from binary stars system to Eclipsing binary. Yes, alongside time's on-going, they are near and their energies merging into one whole that staccato's brightness evolving to be down-pressing root-notes and joining the group with B and Sharp A in scale. In other words, two peaks on each side have been integrated as only one notion and all in bass root with significant impressions pressed out;
6. Dears, what about our right hand? Caused by higher energy's stretching power and the other planet's frequent penetrations, it lost its star-shape and was generalized as energy Nebula (still, Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula]) fuzzing a tiding impressionism background waving by waving.
7. Here, How can us thread all those above coherently and harmonically? sustain pedal of piano has played a very important role in creating a crystallized Reverberation effect representing for a holly, peaceful and pure  energy-environment (Snow-land) with various sub-level touching-effects according to time,  to support the realization of techniques, about which we can pre-review some pieces of information from Wikipedia introductions. (Sustain Pedal -[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustain_pedal] and Reverberation - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverberation]). Yes, indeed it should be heard as being pushed from nature and according to energy's being upon Times &amp; Spaces ; but, when we try to realize them in the cooperation of feet and hands, the idealist effects are not easy that we need to research more about their interactions.
Here, some peers and students would ask me - Jason, how could us press out good sound effects of piano pedaling to support impressionist expressions of hands, in the realization of imageries we had described above? 
That's a quite great but very hard question in piano that different schools have gotten different ideas, and some have concluded out several theoretical systems. Here, we can try to reflect out and summarize some of my small practical experiences and some appreciations of different pianists in educational approaches, according to notation-reading and practical performance effects. From the view of impressionism and Neo-expressionism in piano, just leave a brief sentence: please bear in mind, natural breathing in rhythm according to slurs and dynamics is quite important. In postmodernist impressionism for commons, we mainly support Post-set (later a little bit time, compared with notes' finger down-pressing) pedalling pathways for Education Research. In other session, we can make careful and reasonable self-reflexivity from tens years' exercising, some information-collections from documentary materials, and some comments of effects from classroom recordings. 
(Leaving a developing zone)

&lt;small&gt;'''B27-B30: Deep self-reasoning and self-exploring when gaining impressionism of a infinite CMB Universe'''&lt;/small&gt;

Till now, after running after binary star system and feeling about its special rotating rhythm caused by  gravity ( being with two peaks of orbit and a inclined middle axis; then, merging into a eclipsing binary star system), Chou Chou's sight was travelling to the deepest part of her universal horizon - maybe inflation with light's primary breaking-out, a delicious sweet &amp; hot particles-soup in dark, , or some far more unknowns... ; meanwhile, Dr. Chou Chou's subjective worlds was dropping into a special situation - self-reasoning, self-questioning and self-exploring.
How can me hear those? in B27, the upon-travelling left hand, associated with sustain Pedalling created a special sound-effect - slurred semi-staccatos were making twinkling 'eyes' breaking-through right hand's hot hydrogen recombination background; in a wide and profound space, they created later back-turned, slowly-decaying and longer-lasting reverberations, which are shaking as three supernova stars (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova ) hanging upon chaotic and after 'binary system's combination in sessions before. So beautiful vitality Chou Chou did, which also reminded  me the post-impressionist painting Starry Night [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night] mentioned before. It's also a question flowing from G, to Sharp F, till E in G major system (or its attached e minor tone), deeply and expressively asking human beings 'who am I (compared with the never-ended and long-lasting universe from big bang)? or what are (our) meanings (with a short life as so)?' That's quite right that Loevgren calls The Starry Night &quot;an infinitely expressive picture which symbolizes the final absorption of the artist by the cosmos&quot;, which revealed a little bit sorrow when the seventh of G major appeared (as if in minor e) directly asking universe our being's final meanings - to feed and light the unknown darkness? Chou Chou almost knew the answer that in next bars B28 and B29 two small slurs beneath two huge threading slurs made through left hand described two self-exploration and self-climbing - D, E and Sharp F (5th, 6th and 7th of e minor). We can hear the reasoning feet of the two repeated motifs have all been landing upon sharp F with the instability and uncertainty as universal fluctuation and left sound-effects energy-waving in vacuum. Those self-reasoning motifs were so deep from true heart, which are bravely expressing the dream of a truly peaceful heaven with imageries of freedom to appreciate symbolic 'landscapes' made by Creator. 

&lt;small&gt;'''B30-B32: Dramatically Channelling back through scale-fingering from deep universe to Snow-land built upon cloud-blocks of earth's atmosphere'''&lt;/small&gt; 
Final part of this session, in B30, all astronomical landscape-paintings ceilinged upon Chou Chou's Multiverse sky-roof have been summarized as a self-comfortable confirm for life and peace, with three semi-staccatos shining back the rising acceleration, and taking a downward tendency through a slur-breath - naturally and beautifully. Meanwhile, a smooth curvature line of dynamics -decrescendo, implicitly drawing out star fireworks' resting-pulse upon 4 dimensions, turned down the tempo of Chou Chou's whole universe and make her fall into a huge waterfall of energy, back to the original heaven. 
Yes, B31 is that waterfall with a continuing and dramatic dim. requiring two hands tightly matching together as a whole flow; by attracting all matters, it internally dug out a landing channel, to somewhere as Chou chou's willing to go. We can call it a wormhole, rather than black hole's leading towards another sky.(Wormhole - Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole]) Though B31's waterfall of F major, Chou Chou got back to an assembly of cloudy blocks seemed heavy as castles, but floating upon our earth's atmosphere. 'Retenu' of B32  - down-slowing associated us realize this successful landing, which can be compared with a　parachute covering three slur-legato-ing pitches - D, E and C - longer-lasting (as up-hanging crotchets), associated by Bass's fluctuations in sound-effect, to keep parts' distinguishability in texture and　to simulate braking soft-land.


 '''B33-B44 :  Fairy Legend -  The 'Expressif' of natural spirits: 'Wormhole Door' was opened by drumming spring lightening (B33-B36), which is charged and expanding in the middle of cloudy blocks; The pattern of Warm happiness tree, with expressively mismatched beauties (Dislocated aesthetics）, transformed from lightning, and then spreading all-directions - alongside impressionist arpeggio's climbing and above the upside landscapes of clouds-made heaven (B37-B40); Holly lights are shining and intervallic penetrating throughout the joints of cloudy blocks, as in a continuously weaving pattern to future (B41-B44)''' 

* 'Wormhole Door' was opened by drumming spring lightening '''(B33-B36)''', which is charged and expanding in the middle of cloudy blocks

In this part, the ''impressionist Arpeggio'' was expendably climbing to higher place through alternate applications of both hands, as if lightening was formed and wandering among clouds-layer. Why did I highlight the term 'impressionist Arpeggio'? 'Short, thick strokes of paint quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its details. The paint is often applied impasto' - this impressionist technique (Wikipedia introduction: Section 'Impressionist Techniques' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism])taught us: not all notes need to represent properties of motives, but some grouped heads. They should be brighten than others with longer time-values and support the existing of certain textural parts, right as ''Short, thick strokes of paint''. Meanwhile, other notes would be touched much softer without too many attentions, quite as 'improvisational  details' streaming out an expanding tendency slowly tearing out 'clouds-background' from middle. You can hear: from Bass flatten B to long notes middle D, till treble D, a solidified cloudy structure was built upon sky involving 'impressionist point-pixels', for leaving 'essence of the subject' - yes, the soul. Then, lightening streams were climbing alongside this frame with details half-touched unclear, but spiritual powers accumulated and pushed to higher level. If only in this case, we cannot state Chou Chou's piano techniques are advanced. I can remember: in previous sections, we have discussed the anti-gravitational characteristics of Debussy's compositions- down-pressed peak forces with higher-energy vibrating, such as the comparison between B7, B9 and B8, B10. Here, still, this requirement of hands' controllability has been mentioned again, with two hairpin left-opened decrescendos and a middle piu (more)painted on. Therefore, a significant energy was down-pressed, finally being fuzzed to be a broken chordal impression left in atmosphere. Among cloudy blocks, it can be a vacuum, created and lasting for a small interval. Tightly beneath it, please see charged lightening streams rolled struck ground through bass-part's switches between flatten B and flatten E. Here, longer-lasted, pearl-rolled and charge-vibrating 5 notes (B35-B36) with special reverberations in sound effects, perfectly express lightning's expanding and strength when being down-pressed into certain channel Cloud-to-ground (CG). In order to make better understandings of this case, we can review some pieces of information, in analogy of lightning. (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning]) 
Those notes can also be understood as Chou Chou's lightning-strikes knocking at the door (on the other side of wormhole) for opening a fresh heavenly realm upon clouds. 
* The weaved pattern of Warm happiness tree, with expressively mismatched beauties (Dislocated aesthetics）, transformed from lightning, and then was spreading all-directions - alongside impressionist arpeggios' climbing and above the upside landscapes of clouds-made heaven '''(B37-B40)'''

It's hard to describe this session, titled with an emotional signal of 'Animez un peu' (continuing to be lovely and vivid). 
Technique-requirements:
1. Still, the right hand was simulating a cloud-weaved tree's growth, branches-climbing and area-expanding by following 'impressionist arpeggios'. It's a slow but enjoyable procedure, with the depths of keyboard-touching increasing one by one, but very naturally. 
2. Accompanying with the first point, the warmth of atmosphere and the lights of sun were emerged out and hollowed throughout repeatedly, which are in the dislocated positions of aesthetics of clouds-tree shade. How could us understand it? Usually, in our minds, there are normal expectations that the most brighten lights should be shined upon peak-poles; then, warmth pushed by dynamics can be reflected out. However, in this case, the posted-pedalling diffused warms in the atmosphere and from bottom; meanwhile, 'l.h.' across the right hand to simulate the sunshine, holly over, and hollowing clouds-made tree-shade. Owned to the reason the hollowing points (Two major thirds of flatten G-flatten B) were out of our expectations, but set a little bit later compared with peaks of dynamics. They are weaved with the imbalance, but symbolized as beautiful surprises. Therefore, We can call it 'Dislocated aesthetics'. Indeed, in the history of aesthetics and covering some fantastical landscapes, there were many beauties seen as some amazing surprises, but placed wherever out of expectations (even wrongly enough). We got the sense - oh they are beautiful- mostly because of their deep impressions of the imbalance. We can call this imbalance - happiness. Oh, it's a symbolized and weaved pattern of happiness tree (clouds-made) growing upon our heads. Souls have almost been hollowed by warm streams of happiness.  
3. May it be, the weights of treble sky gave us many pressures; in order to control this situation, our left hand had  also traveled back to set a weight in middle part (tenuto  minuet long-third between flatten E and flatten G ); then, flying back to light the clouds-made heaven through another dislocated joint. 
We can make our imaginations through watching more visualized imageries and introductions from clouds and know more discussions of beauties' contents from aesthetics. (Wikipedia introductions: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics] )    

'''* Holly lights are totally shining and intervallic penetrating throughout the joints of cloud-liked block-made happiness tree, as in a continuously weaving pattern processing to the future(B41-B44)''' 

Techniques for this session have already been introduced, as above. Yes, among what we have learned before, many points were symbolized out by our thought experiments, including some elements from analysing and reasoning. Thereby, an omission can be left here. However, this part was also one of the most expressive, reasoning, fantastical, warm, holly, brighten and peaceful sections in the whole composition, requiring us to apply more engineering exercises, careful forces and fantastical musicality. Based on those fundamental trainings , we can fly our fingers with more enjoyably impressionist freedoms. Here, you can see: The right hand has expanded a long regression-analysed D-flatten arpeggio-chain (heard similarly in a Pentatonic scale) - stating from D Flat' Perfect Fourth and climbing across the sky-horizon to touch another peak-peal of this work. You can clearly hear its simulation of our universal expansion through dynamics-climbing, which can be compared with a transcendentalist push (prior designed from universal nature ) of both materials and spirits in logical pace (rhythm) to touch another 'brighten ring' (around black hole) or a hidden eye channeling black hole (seeing or attracting all brighten 'lights' there, then '''oppositely''' (felt) as a dark fallen eye from the singularity), with gravity's increasing (while hand was expanding upward) which brought Times &amp; Spaces' continuing  down-slown - yes, leaving some natural out-breaking holes for holly lights' shining down from worlds with high dimensions, which was relatively heard as the signaled peak 'Retenu' contenting full imaginations self-created and penetrating out (continuously rhythmic down-slowing for some deep expressions).

[Extra explanation: Scientific observations have already proofed us - when we would traveled a lot (climbed too much) throughout a sky with wormhole to a nearby neutron star, or somewhat a black hole, gravitational waves produced by them would twist our senses of Times &amp; Spaces, especially down-slowing and expanding them to certain unbelievable peak-points. I believed one day, manufactural time-controllability with powers drawn from them can be re-produced out; then some amazing senses , rather than terrible ones can be motivated by our consciousness when channeling them - some holly, reasonable, purified, joyful, amazing and heavenly senses would be motivated out (on the other bank of our trip), as a naturalist regression threading all fragmental memory pieces of our life in a chain. And, we can finally make them meaningful, as the appreciation of Sir Debussy's Doctor in children's corner. Therefore, I still believe it's a 'up-picking' of  flowers blooming from childhood by a huge &amp; unconscious regression-analysis of our own life trip. Recommending one movie - Interstellar (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_(film)) , which is among my top list, especially its virtualized final-part of black hole's gravitational senses, though still some rough points which Joseph's subjective regression alongside gravity's increasing in dark hole was towards his own mental history rather than earth or solar system's entire history &amp; meanings, and further I didn't think book-liked square-dimensions hidden behind his daughter's bookshelf would be his own life or all people's regression points as universal truth ; but currently, lots of reasonable imageries from this movie have been reasonably created out and visualized out, which both met scientific purposes of Space-exploration, theological humanity - loving and respecting commons' life blessed by Lord even ending from black hole, and also in little Jason's journal, would motivate our musicality (imagination field) for more romantic understandings, some neo-expressions and a generalized impressionist-coding of Universal Epic in Sir Debussy's eyes. In my eyes, as Joseph's bookshelf, about Sir Debussy, if predictable and after his own Event Horizon [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon], his universe and subjective regression point across Times &amp; Spaces would be going toward the mutual music-impressions keyboard-touched in diverse works between his dreams and landscapes with beloved Chou Chou's landscapes heavenly upon innocent children's universal corner.] 

Therefore, as seen above, it's also a gravitational regression of universe, but not easy for our own hand's training about the case whether or nor we can make the expanding of right hand's climbing-liked Arpeggio and finally light the senses of most peak in Times &amp; Spaces' Retenu and the shinned depth of singularity in dynamics (to get the solution of general relativity Equation in gravitational waves),  was going to depend on our own levels and endeavours in hands-exercising. 
Please see: when peak - the '''flatten A''' was totally reached and lighten on 'ceiling', a sky was opened above all clouds-made landscapes and holly lights are peacefully shinning upon all corners of our earth. We can know our endeavors were worthy.  Chou Chou's childish &amp; innocent smile-face with good wishes for future appeared there, warming all people's heart and make them powerful and joyful. Facing so significant an universal impressionist painting there from kid's eyes, don't forget put an element of ''''France Romantic'''' gently &amp; relaxable wandering upon those curiously&amp;unusual universal observations: you knew, so small we were when facing... but we can reason ourselves to much 'deeper places', then, our emotion would be comforted &amp; released from this procedure experienced -joining the reasoning and self-expression together from something in emotion - not clearly known but felt...'''romantically and peacefully'''.  Though our hands were still rough (in my mind), let us take more idealist imaginations (how things and hands-techniques would reasonably be like) to make more tastes of this session and our own endeavors - sweet, sweaty, but worthy ... I thought it would be the educational purpose of music.

'''Tempo I: The awakening of pasted memories through thematic repetition but twinkling elements from new accumulations ('''B45 - B54''')'''

After travelling into a brighten ring with 'a dark fallen eye in singularity', we can find it contents a summery of most beautiful impressionist landscapes in a only note of '''flatten A''' decorated upon Sky ceiling, the unconsciousness of Sir Debussy with his beloved Chou Chou has almost gotten back to the past - their  'Original dreaming heart (willing)' (B1-B10). Yes, the review of your 'Original Dreaming Heart' is very important as a reference to correct the navigational direction, pick up 'lost flowers (imageries)' from its morning, accumulate more energies and make further adventures in this trip. You knew, the boundaries of a dream somehow content original powers rooting from your unconsciousness and linking to universal nature fatal designed already, thereby, is called transcendentalism. Awareness or unawareness, you are following its channel to be somewhere, with some people, and doing somewhat. Sometimes, you would lose yourself alongside complication's increasing. But like 'Mustard Seeds which have already been grown around you', only your down-bowing for picking up your originally true heart and cherish it again, you can travel to your peaceful heaven. '''(The Parable of the Sower and the Parable of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast,  ch 1-43, MATTHEW 13).''' I thought it's the reason why Sir Debussy has made this repetition in later middle part. Till now, the power of our hands has been increased and the techniques have been brilliant which would give us more confidences to face new situations. Let us go! 
In piano performance, usually, when a repetition occurs, we need to make different expressions in Dynamics, though techniques would be out of the similarity. It's for keep the diversity of music. One approach for this point is to research tiny differences from new piano scores (though some of them are either modified, or hard to find or later-posted by others) which content different experiences and impressions rather than Sir Debussy's own impressionism. The other approach is from natural root to self-construct, depending on your freedom of reasoning, musicality and universal participant-observation. I would like to remind several changes appeared with differentiation in this piece:
1. The whole dynamics background has been totally reduced from 'p' to 'pp', which means less forces would be applied here; meanwhile, oppositely, the scope of dynamics was enlarged in which much space can be left for Neo-expression of impressionism . Indeed, I would rather to compare it with a '''hanging valley''' above higher altitudes and cloud-blocks (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley]), air atmosphere became thinner represented by 'pp', but the whole height was improved . In the other view, why did I apply 'Hanging valley' to describe this repetition? Don't forget we have already climb a peak of this expanding tree with a signature - 'Renenu belt' leading to a Black (unknown) inside-Fallen Eye channeling to another beautiful &amp; infinite happiness universe. In this time, from the nature of a dream after beautiful landscapes, let us climb another peak within the events-horizon more symbolized beauties were hidden there. In other view, it's also a rest of our hands' energy and an accumulation of new energy, after so depth the forces we have applied for climbing that brighten happiness tree above clouds. A fast light-review of Originally True heart, as a reference set beside, might help us find the 'solution' and open 'another sky'.
2. Compared with B3-B6's twinkling-head stars under The Impressionist background of Starry Night and various keyboard-touching techniques for supporting fingers' fluent arrangement, it's a very small difference that the scope of (crescendo-decrescendo-formed) (date-core-liked) dynamics-progression has been enlarged until  two Bars' covering (B49-B50), rather than before - only occurred in half bar of B5. How could us explain this change? Dramatic change was transformed to be a leisurely emotional expression. Following it, more energies can be accumulated and more tastes of musical beauties hanging and dropping under the Starry Night would be slowly reflected out. It's still for the preparation of another Peak-climbing alongside the Cloud-blocking, Snowland-upon, happiness-tree upward-expanding channel to the universal purification and reasonability, which can also be seen as the heaven Debussy picked up for his Chou Chou in musical patterns.
3. Bass change: 'Small depending note' attached to Octave C which was forming a progressive chord has been transformed as a octave block-chord - G; then, slurred Perfect fifth (Deep C - G2)mirrored from this change(B45-B46). I think it was an evolution, which makes the distinguishes between before and current. It can also be seen as a proof of 'Hanging Valley' above higher altitude joining two peaks in transition.

After these accumulations, fast reviews, small modifications and new expressions on 'Hanging Valley' above clouds and under The Starry Night, another shooting trip will be going to soon begin...

 '''B55-B56: Expanding Heaven-Ladder out-breaking the other branch channeling wormhole which was created by fantastical materials borrowed from old story - bubbles (rising up) throughout the underwater of atmosphere (developed from B11) '''

By notation-reading, we can find this bubbles' on-going channel is developed from B11 (bubbles-rising), but differentiating in length (Time interval: one → two bars), 
tiny note-differences in recycling pattern
{This time, in each　tracking pattern (Originally, basic unit-recycling was wheeled by a bottom-top movement - each time, the next note will be the first: E- Recovered B-E-Sharp G → Recovered B-E-Sharp G-B  →  E-Sharp G-B-E, Sharp G-B-E-Sharp G), B was raised to be C, Sharp G to be flatten A and a highlighted repetition occupying the middle intervallic linking two bars together ('Flatten A-C-E-Flatten A') was designed there to build a '''buffer platform''' curvedly twisting the whole tendency of this upwards on-going channel to be in another higher-rising branch.},
and accurate fingering locating
(You will feel that your fingering needs to make a very smart and exact change (rise) - especially the second finger of left hand - moving from B to C, for opening an expanding gap; and further, carry this gap inserting into woven pattern alongside two hands' tightly following in Arpeggio-playing way: E-C-E-flatten A → C-E-flatten A-C → E-flatten A-C-E→ flatten A-C-E → '''flatten A-C-E-flatten A → flatten A-C-E-flatten A''' ...).
From directions, our right hand (like　navigator) needs to lead and match left hand' back-pushes (giving motivations like engine) to go higher places together. Somehow, when playing very fast, they were together siding out a pathway up and down. In turns of two hands, a wave-pattern with gravitational expression has been woven out (I have mentioned it before in B11 - B12 session) as this channel's outside form. Then, 8 recycling bubbles (motives) were travelling throughout this channel one by one. 
when we try to recover its beauties, it's better to send a very small Exocoetidae (Flying fish) back-forwarded (reversed) force (about this term, please see the session - '''B13-B21: Chasing above sea-surface: Chou Chou's game with Exocoetidae (Flying fish)''' above) directly upon our 'buffer platform'. Oppositely, we (as in one bubble) will fly (being shoot) higher up onto a joyful, purified &amp; holly heaven land. During this procedure, special music background 'colours' (separated and) motivated from the frictions of this channeling movement made the whole space &amp; time shining amazing lights fantastically. Appreciating it, we can also imagine a surrounding atmosphere with crystal diffuse reflection (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflection]) magically embracing our channel in the middle, which summarized spiritualties of landscapes' most beautiful elements and impressionist reflexed out of our 'channel windows'. I think, that's the magic power of impressionism, in which we can both detailed analyse its components &amp; techniques as a solidified foundation; and meanwhile, alongside its post-channels, special colours and lights, as souls without shapes, can be generalized and abstracted out what were wandering, spreading, occupying and surrounding the boundaries of specialist operations - lasting tasty in our mind for long time without disappearance. Yes, in childhood, we can also see special 'colours' from bubbles in air under sunshine. In order to support this impression, a dynamics 'cresc.' was dramatically set here, for simulating special lights &amp; colours' scattered transparence. Since happening in a higher hanging valley, this climb has been channeling to a true Peak situation - heavenly snow-land crystal-liked existing in Chou Chou and Sir Debussy's mutual memories, their imageries, their beautiful wishes, and their universal regression for future. Oh, it's also in Angelic Children's Corner. Therefore, in my opinion, '''Heaven Ladder''' is a good title for this channel.  

 '''B57-B64: Dualism to see Chou Chou's Universal Heaven-Slide travelling throughout landscapes for joyfulness - techniques VS imagination '''

[[File:Better demostration B55-64.ogg|thumb| Minutes 0.03-0.15 was B57-B64's demonstration]]

Dears, close your eyes, try to imagine which places were there - in your imageries-sea, as for the occurrence of the most joyful experiences? And, after your endeavors of climbing a '''hanging valley'''; and then, bubble-settled &amp; exocoetidae-shooting up to a long distant channel heavenly dropping to another true peak-land with crystal dreams scattering over purified snow-flowers fuzzing beauties of landscapes all around you past experiences , what are your heart then truly willing to see?  
Don't forget, Doctor Chou Chou was still unconsciously a child in her Children's Corner (may it be an lazy daydreaming afternoon lying on a rock watching heaven lights shining throughout gaps of forest, highly there...). Sir Debussy recognized this point and set a most beautiful &amp; infinite Children's Slide there - in the center of universe and back to the beginning - to the most imaginational first light, and the deep impression of the birth. (Wikipedia introduction: Slide in playground [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playground_slide]) Then, in Chou Chou's heaven, she can always operate her joyfulness by slide-travelling in which passing by universe &amp; mind landscapes 'besides and under her feet'. But what does this 'Children Slide' in her corner (playground) looked like? I think Dualism of 'piano techniques level in physics world' and ' the links of imaginational level' would help us:
* The identification of piano techniques applied here as the foundation simulating '''Children's Slide''':
Here, we can see 'slurs' grouping each four semiquavers in every beat of a 4 beats' bar, which range both left hand and right hand. Left hand played each tenuto of long note (crotchet) at the beginning of each group (note which needs to be played out enough or over a little bit time value), then being counted out 4 heads leading each group waving upwards till left hand, spreading by spreading. In a larger view, several huge slurs, linking each 8 heads in a breath,  are totally downwards going. They are forming 4 sentences with a smooth progress continuously landing to our earth. Then, post-set 4 pieces of pedalling are there alongside 4 sentences' down-landing, matching out two octaves' data-core liked interactions which apply forces in dynamics channels - each between a ‘Crescendo’ and a 'Decrescendo'. 
* The links of imagination
Then, a breathable heaven with crystal landscapes, supported by pedalling, as the fairy background twinkling and embracing Chou Chou's  Slide theme in the middle, which are formed out the impressionism orienting the history of universe. Chou Chou feels so happy sliding in this channel reviewing fast by-passed landscapes and her own consciousness experiences. Oh, I forget to say: it was also a rotating Slide while you were playing, the degrees of bending &amp; stretching of your fingers told you angles need to be changed periodically. Currently, I think, to some philosophical degrees, the mechanism of universe in particular Planck epoch era, or then spreading out here (Wikipedia introduction: Universe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe];[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units#Cosmology]), can also be in a analogy of universal Children's Slide, set from a far beginning, down-landing out &amp; down-sliding towards us and this earth - then, till now and here. In brief, this time Chou Chou has really well-done a great universal climb, upwards to so top, fantastic and holly a place, then sliding downwards to us. The beautiful heavenly sound effects made us drunk in the appreciations and imaginations of unknown beauties deeply in universal heaven, which indeed are truly from children's nature - playing only from the curiosity and for the joyfulness.

===== Editing- '''B65-B70: Impressionist Texture - Main streams VS. Fuzzing background - After repeatedly sliding to 'double-turns' '''hanging valley''', Chou Chou found another 'New Toy' -  a vibrating '''Crystal Fountain''' emerging from gravitationally cloud-waves '''=====

Currently, we are going to enter into 'Coda' part of this Doctorial Suite of Children's Corner, melodically reported by  Chou Chou and his father from heaven. firstly, putting it aside, I would like say something extra. There used to be one discussion: what emotion should a 'Doctor' from Children's Corner be carrying? After having reviewed so many fields of knowledge bridging communications between western worlds and eastern worlds, and having travelled so far from 'Big bang' occurring from universe's beginning to 'Black hole' channeling to somewhere unknown parallel universal branch , or in other words, to the depth of his or her own mental unconsciousness part regressing back to those moments that astronaut and his or her symbolized 'daughter' can never make the departure with each other but being together facing happy and unhappy life-imageries in life, and then landing back to the 'solidified' impressionist background with dialectically fuzzing gravitationally-waving 'lights' twinkled from 'The Starry night'...; doctors' contributions have already achieved many what being dreamed for long - a 'crystal castle' built upon 'Mind-independent Snow-land' and colourful clouds, mapping new Era's beginning from Nations' Cartography generalizing 'New natural landscapes with vitalities' (yes, and some societal languages)up to the symbolizations of 'spirituality indications' for future (- Postmodernist Constructionism) (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography]); or oppositely thinking, it seems that things still meant nothing or very few gains, after a systematic running of the whole universe - normally, beautifully and peacefully inherited from before, and future was sill continuing to 'there bank' rather than 'here lands' (- Postmodernist Deconstructionism) upon unsure foundations. 
What kind of a 'Coda' part would Sir Debussy and his beloved Chou Chou have writen for our 'Doctors' in 'Children's Corner'? Directly say, I think: so many fields of knowledge from human beings' worlds which were bombing in his or her mind that shouldn't make people from children's corner as a tool inserted into a evil machine or device, working merely for the hopes-losing operation of a negative future; but positively, as a back-returned discover, he or she need to see their 'original heart' and hear some 'harmonic voices' sung from the heavenly corner of children. In other words, the purified attitude of worlds' future, the curious eyes to discover universal beauties and the love of childishness &amp; innocence shouldn't die, but oppositely support the freedom of minds' wandering, expanding, and new links' construction, for harmonically embracing more people and more possibilities. More simplified, by 'returning to be a kid' and 'working only for pure play well in the future', we can keep the root of a young heart with the creativity. Yeah, it is the freedom of minds, and also the curiosity with the creativity - to see more, to solve more, to discover more and to appreciate more... shouldn't be killed. 

By carrying this impressionist emotion ( and make it a deep internalization of ourselves), we are able to appreciate Sir Debussy and Chou Chou's 'Coda' part:
Indeed, Chou Chou was so exciting about Coda's coming, which was firstly noticed from B67's score requirement -'Très animé' (very lively with full vitalities). Then, this exciting mood was also realized through the vertically in-textural matching with a impressionist thematic arpeggio-part (several bright channels were dug out up-through travelling from downstairs - bass &amp; middle parts) and the impressionist background of a accompaniment set putted upstairs (treble's small voices which were short waving &amp; fuzzing there, gave a overall gravitational atmosphere, for holding all expressions thereby beneath it). To my understandings, here Chou Chou's exciting mood came from her willing of an another fantastic performance carrying some brilliantly impressionist techniques about keyboard-touching. It was almost that She had frequently asked us: 'can you distinguish the main channel of thematic arpeggio from the twinkling background in impressionism? and, can you make it out?' Even here, in this case (B67 and B69) your two hands for both theme and background need to interactively &amp; commonly share with the same positions of keyboard and the same notes? Yes, even though it would happen, the distinguishable senses still need to be clearly made out for both audiences and your own heart, which was a quite hard job for our exercises. You can see: in this requirement, the long note - middle C needs to be kept and attached upon the keyboard, leaving a chain: G (crotchet)- A(quaver)- B (quaver) slur-liked  breathing the impressionist air upwards-waving after waving. But, the fact was that they were taking the same area of a piano with each movement set beside each other. Could it be possible, or possibly disordering each other's running order, especially when the same B reasoning from left hand's upwards tail-breath , but also reflected as a normal middle third beat of right hand (in a group shaped as being among a rest-composed 4-semiquavers group in the accompanying background ) , which tightly posted your hands' flexibility in a disordered situation, and furthermore, the longer-lasted middle C bass enhanced this situation to much worse. That's not the most difficult thing, but compared with it: in the next bar, several 'ʌ' signatures - Louder-Sharpening signatures  - emphasizing all heads of groups, were set there alongside an 'opening mouth' in dynamics, which continued her exciting dream to much wider horizons. Though heard good, it needed your fingers' keyboard-touching directions (left hand) be immediately rotated down... to be frequent pressed in the style of stronger 'Up-Down towards' patting of 'Perfect fifths', without even a moment of thinking.. Out of your hands' controllability, do you think so... do you have a willing of giving-up and being broken? Is there a feeling of you, after a long journey, being here with the total tiredness? Yes, but hi, my guys, don't give up, and hold it on for a little bit much time, situations would change better, and to a forever impression. We can say: this treatment was still in beautiful breathes, though hot and exciting. 

Then, a question came out: what was it really heard like - in those fantastic impressionist imageries? what I did analogize it was one of Chou Chou's heavenly toys - a crystal fountain set among multiple-dimensions of spaces &amp; times in our universe. Yes, it was also a symbolized expression of the gravitational system. We can review more historical recordings of fountain's functions in human beings' entertainment life and products-creation from this Wiki-article (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain]). I think: you hear, in minutes (1.52-2.00), the left hand's expression - frequently up-streaming main thematic chains - was like　main water-jets shot up frequently in its significant situations, which made the distinctions with other water in basin (impressionist background)clear and recognizable. Yes, they are made by the 'same material' as basin's water beneath, but differentially in stronger powerful forces - being shot up some up-raising streams in music motifs (Middle C as a root of water-jet in basin, with G-A-B style streams flying up towards the sky), which simulated a fountain's beautiful situations. Afterwards, we took a long-distant view, and then, would find  B68 and B70 tightly followed are in a much more macroscopic impression upon the rhythm of spaces &amp; times, for the purpose of summarizing 'Universal Fountain's' beauties. If you let me seek an astronomical phenomena representing the mechanism of this Chou Chou's 'new toy', I would still mention Supernova Shooting (jetting) as Chou Chou's fountain in our universe: (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_remnant]). But if you want me make a much sweeter analogy from kids' nature, I would mention Chocolate Fountain with 'water-fall' surrounding - a favourite and enjoyable 'landscape' of my delicious foods. (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_fountain]). No matter the real fountain, universal fountain or chocolate fountain, I think Doctor Chou Chou's true purpose was for happily 'playing' out one innocent future with the freedom of creativity and new hopes. Let us respect her willing and the nature of a doctor in children's Corner.

Suddenly, you would have found: 'Jason, you haven't mentioned B65-B66!; and you haven't fulfilled yourself in this session!' 'Oh, dears, please forgive me that in the final part of this session would make a clear effect of the explanation, I thought...' To be honest, they were in a Spaces-Times vibrating treatment (with a half-bar's gravitational breath in normal slur-shape - a Louder-weakening signature, but the other as an anti-gravitational expression for 'water's' up-climbing and energy's accumulation )set as a motivating  mechanism inserted into the fundamental basin of our fountain. Seeking words, you will find a device-term 'Siphon' with a series of parts would give you better impressions about what Chou Chou's 'New Toy' was working like (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon]). In order to overcome some anti-gravitational difficulties brought to your hands, you must keep them in very small shape and in very careful channels. Following it, music 'water' can pour up 'more pure than a soul', and many beautiful imageries can be created out upon Chou Chou's 'universal landscapes'. In shape, '› ‹' can also be compared with a butterfly, and a kid's pure soul was channeling in this pattern for 'flying higher' with joyfulness. After this supplemental illustration, I think things would be much clearer for the realization of piano techniques and musical appreciation.

===== 'Braking! Braking! A Consciousness-streaming': ''' Back-turned Braking from Peak force' application - in a doctor kid's post-regression  - as a 'black hole' travelling - with new 'big bang notes' up-waking people's minds '''=====

Finally, it's a real 'coda' part our journey will arrive in, about which Sir Debussy and his beloved little doctor Chou Chou in Children's corner were looking forwards to giving us a significant impression, as for the remembrance of 'each beautiful landscape' on the travelling of our journey, and the innocent childishness we were carrying in hearts together. I guess this pair of 'father-daughter-union' composers, from spiritual subject being to universal physics existing, must have discussed this case for long time: 'Father, what type of long-effecting impression we would leave to our learners - the listeners, the keyboard-realizers, further composers who were willing to take our approach, the notation-readers and some self-learners of piano...? By designing out a good coda-fashion?' Indeed, if we review transcripts of Debussy's works, normally, Sir Debussy turned to make two choices in coda parts - one was a romantic up-sliding way flying away our dream's disappearing alongside a fading of its vivid colours gently and pleased, like what 'a let-going spring' imagery 'islandic disappearing' (imagining, when our boat passed by an round island in mind desert-sea,...oh, it was with Arabic fountains, green plants, night birds...only in dream... and continuously...it was disappearing... that's quite right you got it!) from our horizon in Première Arabesque (Arabic Suite - Spring; it's another story in new life we will talk further...)and what Clair de Lune (Moonlight)showed - a silver channel fragmentary slivery upon the surface of a forgotten sea somewhere in our universe and strings of lute lighting it upon to heaven (More information, we can review from Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy]. I think, this time, two demonstrating samples can somehow meet some standards of my critical ears, but I would also try classroom samples from wikiversity and wikicommons' views, I thought... Oh, waiting time, it will have been another story in my life) ; and, the other type was a sudden and half-opened termination near postmodernism &amp; postimpressionism -leaving more imaginations to learners ourselves. In this case, Sir Debussy gave more respects to Chou Chou's own choice. She smiled joyfully with her eyes full of curiosities and probably said: ' Papa, I preferred a sudden stop leaving more imaginations to others' Somehow, from sound effects, it would also be compared with a 'childish mischief' with 'a Braking throughout a peak force', but then, knocking out a renewable 'universal door' big-banging a fresh vision of future'. 
Thinking till here, two questions emerged: It's the time to say goodbye, but how did they realize a universal braking in coda? And, what type of analogy can we make according to it?  

'''Techniques Description:'''
Firstly, let us present a participating-observation of its texture in B70-B71, then follow a talk about its techniques-training. Indeed, parts-formation of this piece was quite simple. Overall, it just contents a second-transformed major-triad ( C-E-G) with a range of Perfect fifth (G-C) separately covering your left hand (lower part) which can be seen as its main impressionist chain - heavier and stronger, but the rest part of major chord structure floating up a impressionist background waved by right hand- lighter and higher. For this, logically matching &amp; grouping two hands together as a whole was also the basic technique, with the leading heads (left) joining impressionist background (right) tightly presenting the equal intervallic pace on average. It gave us an aesthetic feeling of well-distributed texture in which harmonic 'Perfect fifths' were repeatedly measuring the keyboard throughout a C major triad impression, which motivated waves by waves (oh, dears, did you forget, waves would be from Chou Chou's new toy - our crystal fountain?). Then by multiple dimensions, it reverberates itself in spaces &amp; times - octave by octave (octave as a cycle), and curve by curve (down-falling). Be careful that 'Gs' here in perfect fifths (B71) were highlighted twice in  minims (long notes) with two 'Λs' (sharpen stronger in loudness) telling us which were heads. Then, parts (spaces) in texture (universe)were separated, with twinkling mind threaded to be pearl chains breezing out colourful energy-waves upon fuzzing materials of background.  But following again, B72's main chain was naughtily jumping up, as happier as Chou Chou's dancing with child's interests. Breaths realized by slurs linking texture together were also short-time jumping. Another possible explanation was that frictions from braking have sparking out dreaming flowers in short-time stopping, about whose story we could see in the following paragraph.  But, transformed from two ''hills'' landing (B71), here, in dynamics, impressionist background has been totally connected out a continuing ‘Crescendo’ - louder after louder.

'''Imageries forming:'''
Secondly, why do we make an analogy 'braking'? Article 'Brake' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake]in our Wikipedia introduction can teach us more about some similarities: After another 'Peak' strongly played through the first G of B71 - the first factor of braking - 'Peak force' has been targeted and accumulated from our fountain's shootings. Sentences like 'The peak force is often greater than the traction limit of the tires', and 'braking can cause a wheel skid' referenced, showed the similarities projected in Sir Debussy's work requiring hands' controllability for controlling 'significant force' in channel. Following this logics, what about those 'heading points' left hand has created out? I think they were like 'shoes' of 'frictional brakes', increasing touching-areas of 'wear surfaces' with 'the rotating drums' for stopping (or we can call it: 'the rotating waves of impressionism'); alongside, 'kinetic energy' has been converted into 'potential energy' memorized in our dynamics score - yes, hotter (louder) and hotter (louder). But, why was the frequency of those highlighted 'Λ heads' continuing faster and faster, from B71 to B72? Imagining a fast metro or light-way train was now coming facing your face on a station, it needs to prepare a braking even far in long distance... until its nearness, the 'inertia' makes out a huge destroyable influence out control of its released 'peak force' - yes, being transformed to the 'kinetic energy' in acceleration, with which 'angels' and 'evils' joined together . In this case, the frequency of 'braking heads' from repeatedly set 'Λ heads' heated the atmosphere dramatically by dramatically . Owing to this operation of 'stopping', much 'kinetic energy' has been transformed to the 'potential energy' and stored in our 'hands machine'. Then, in principles, it was hotter(louder) and hotter (louder). Practicing in reality, we can achieve this braking through our hands' controllability.  Oh, re-thinking about this design, we can know how great Dr. Chou Chou was - as a real physics expert but across multiple subjects. Meanwhile, associated by Sir Debussy, what a beautiful music universe with many imagery landscapes they have discovered for our learners. 

'''Larger our horizon:'''
Finally, a sudden standing has been made with 4 bars' long notes - 'B73, B74, B75 and B76' terminating everything right now. 'F-A: major third' matching 'C-E: major third' was solved to be a transformed major triad in key C(C-G-C-E). We can hear significant &amp; accumulated powers have been totally externalized and summarized (with a mischief joyfulness) to several 'block chords'. Meanwhile, dynamics got the highest level 'ff', long notes (chords) told us everything in terms of this work. In playing it, you will feel your fingers were almost broken by vibrational energy (Wikipedia introduction: W = W potential + W Kinetic  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_energy]) owing to Resonance (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance]) associated by Pedalling (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_pedals]; here, it's better a Tremolo pedalling (shaking), about whose story we will discuss in future), after strongly standing on keyboard. This tail can also been seen as a projection summarizing all powers of the whole work. Don't forget the composition of '_' and 'Λ' taught us its special technique - enough time value of each note (and over a little bit) should be kept with a depth reflecting Sharpen senses (dynamics) of the loudness. From forearms, to wrists, till palms and then the edges of fingers, all forces need to be applied there for 'standing' strongly. The dramatic atmosphere created by our hands' controllability even made us out of breathing and 'sweating out rainy'. Taking a full-shot look, I still think it was in an analogy with the ending of our universe - Black hole's  'Gravitational singularity' (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole]). You see, all gravitational laws materialized to be landscapes (notes) have been collapsed, concluded, and compressed into one dimension points-chain, as a stopping 'electrocardiogram'. Is it to say: everything has been talked over and the darkness is still our universe's final fate - no lights, no hopes and being in infinite silence again. If so, what were meanings of life, materials and our prosperous being? ... still to a quiet self-deconstruction... used to be stronger, but final nothing left...

'''Chou Chou's Doctored voice (awarded):'''
'No', Dr. Chou Chou gives us a strong answer in the final note - Big Bang C (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang]) which will have bombed out everything again, as flowers blooming from 'Dark hole' flowerpot, ranging upon from one-dimension channel to two octaves and more. Yes, it is another branch (Post-Channel) of multiverse tree. Tightly following this note, our story will have been renewed and spread out, with new hope, good wish, lovely vitality, and bright lights penetrated from Imagination. Will it be another Impressionist Spring? It may... or other things...

Thanks to all!

Yours [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 06:11, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

[[File:Impressionist Data for technique analysis - Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum.ogg|thumb|Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum - Doctorial trainings in Children's Corner (5th draft - New, 3rd draft - preferred. About Each draft's comment, please see beside; About each draft in growth three, please see WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)]]
'''Supplemental Words: Comments for the Main Sound File 'Impressionist Data for technique analysis - Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum.ogg' created in WIKIMEDIA COMMONS and Impressionism analysed here'''

(''' Comments for the 5th draft:''': It is the fifth draft with three advantages, being heard better than before (Almost, I didn't want me so sensitive about certain performance-lacks, and till now, still I thought the third version was the best; but, I cannot stop to try better versions, as for love and respect to this work in this period.):
1. Binary Stars-system B24-B27 showed more unbalanced sound-fluctuations around its axis; tightly following this part, the fluency of Chou Chou's self-reasoning has been performed more naturally;
2. My willing of Fairy Legend in Cloudy heaven has been expanding (B33-B44), with more sounds-reverberations occurring in the bass of lightning door-knocking (left hand of B35-b36), much extending impressionist arpeggio-braches growing of happiness three and more bright lights penetrating joints cloud-blocks from higher peaks.     
3. More coherences and fluencies of the second universal travelling was kept (B55-B57).
Therefore, to me, I thought it has much more meanings of Education Research, which I would like to share)

(''' Comments for the 4th draft:''' This version is with a better and expressive B22-B32, as what demonstrated besides - much like being in impressionism)

('''Comments for the 3rd draft:''' Till now, this version was of the most fluentness I had played, but a little bit stable. I would like theme of impression much clearer and expressive. )

('''The analysis for the 2nd draft:''' You see, in this draft, naughty Chou Chou and his father are playing clouds and lights in the heaven and waiting for a happy Christmas, what they have done are creating imaginational impressions of sky. Then, we saw tools formed by clouds were sometimes like dogs, sometimes like boats, sometimes like drops and sometimes directly floating down like a spring. Oh, they are all only Chou Chou's games. Especially the minutes (from 0.48 to 1.18), she was attempting her best to push aside two pieces of blocked dark-clouds through her arms and let holly lights shine out by being floating directly upon our earth. She did get it (but I haven't really gotten it in my play). It was in the minutes (from 1.08 to 1.18). We can also hear her dances presented by his father hands-running in the heaven are so expressive being after an assemble of clouds-animals to the peak of mountains, which is in the minutes (from 1.33 to 1.50). Oh, finally, after so many adventures, a big bang was applied that our dream was awaken and our soul was taken back to the reality.
Then, we knew: it's only a dream Debussy and Chou Chou have played in our sleeping time. 
Indeed, I felt very sad to hear this sentence 'Claude-Emma was born on 30 October 1905 in Paris, and is described as a lively and friendly child who was adored by her father. She died of diphtheria on 14 July 1919, scarcely a year after her father's death.' Then, we can understand: so beautiful a musical world which is full of vivid landscapes there created by his father and for this only and small daughter. But, how can Chou Chou bear the fact that she needed to make the eternal departure on this earth with this lovely and magic father - on 14 July 1918. I thought it was why only a year after that she had also gone out of her single. Wikipedia Introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Corner 
I knew, in this draft, there are still many lacks far away from my artistic dream. However, in preparing for it, I learned more; and hopefully, it can be heard by you, than before.
Bringing it here is for thanking all the members of Wiki-family, who have been dedicated working for a whole year in different corners of our earth. In this case, we are trying to send Christmas gifts to Chou Chou and his father, for their contributions of human beings' musicality and imagination.)
'''Main Words'''
This version is a life rough data-collection for the exposition of  piano techniques. To be honest, the existing of it is in a little bit far distance from my art dream, but as in respects of Sir Debussy's impressionist universe. It is based on my current energy, time and ability. If possible, I would like to soon modify this draft to further better ones. In that dreaming pure 'snow-land', the paint-brush, transformed by hands and threaded by forces from mechanics and anti-mechanics, can magically draw lights, clouds, bubbles and steam to be the colourful Spaces &amp;Times of a mirrored universe. Then, Chou Chou can freely and naughtily play her games forever. If the final bang is a waking-up sound breaking Chou Chou's beautiful sleep. I would rather we never come back to the reality from this childish dream. If you would like to make better understandings of this melody, you can come to Wikipedia introduction[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Corner].

==== Students' learning effects &amp; progresses from piano pedagogical reasonability (reasonableness): &quot;Kids' Performances in children's corner&quot;  ====

''Jason, why did you submit this edition, is it yours?'' No, no, this sound file was made by myself, but the content was from 'my kid's' learning progress' of Sir Debussy's 'Doctorial' in Children's corner. You knew, Sir Debussy has his own daughter; but till this year - my age of 30 year's old, I haven't gotten any. Therefore, in this period, I saw my students as my kids. Oh, it was by accident that I had recorded one piece of a little girl's exercises in classroom (around 13 or 14). Her name was Xue Meng, Hu and her 'little doctor' Live voicing in this place.
Oh, it was a long long story... Every time thinking was going here, I would be emotional and sensitive. As her piano family tutor (one traditional teaching way carrying a dream of piano fine art from commons), I have been watching her growth - almost from her 5 year's old. During this period, time has changed lots of things, including people's experiences, perspectives of value, willing, and some true hearts ; good or bad, but our dream of piano education and self-aesthetics (the appreciations of musical beauties) has never changed.  In my fragmental memories of consciousness stream, I can remember when I made the departure from 'my kids' for my dreaming educational rationality (I like 'reasonability' this world, because when you were reasoning, you can get the ability to be in pure logics and review world's beauties) in UK ( and Newcastle), she has never given up her self-practices of piano techniques, preparations for national grading tests in China and improve her literacies of music. There were also some times we felt hard to insist on going on, and some times her 'little uncle - Jason' might be so serious about her daily exercises and about himself... And, some times people surrounding us wouldn't quite understand why these guys were dreaming so hard... But, no matter what situations were there, still, she didn't give up; and I have been participant-observing and accompanying her growth in educational reasonability (reasonableness) of piano. 
'Jason, are you a big dream of your educational approach?' Yes, I don't want to deny it but ... not really... I used to say to her facing her family: 'little guy, one day I could teach world's most beautiful melodies of those Masters, and you could learn and get nutrition from them for your creative life fashion. You had the love of piano and a dreaming heart of perfection. That's your giftedness.' But, in that time, her family members told me: we had never thought she could play them... you knew, generations after generations, we had gotten food - fruits, and vegetables ... from our fields... we had been working for it... That's our fate... Just, some interests out of schooling, if she like, she can...
After getting back from UK (or to say, my mind has been alive bilingually through the internet; especially, thanks to my wiki-family, some online platforms of education), alongside the logics chain threaded in the section 2.3.2.9 of this page[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Jason_M._C.,_Han#.2A_Children_are_doctors_for_adults.2C_as_the_reason_that_they_can_create_some_most_advanced_techniques_than_your_imaginations.2C_but_with_the_purpose_only_for_happily_playing_their_games._I_guess:_Chou_Chou_must_know_it.2C_and_father_Debussy_also._Then.2C_heaven_is_near:], I began to tidy my minds and my daily practices of teaching and my theoretical modes from education researching.  After a year's time of grade 9th's preparation and her wonderful passing-through, we began to research Sir Debussy's this work - 'Doctor in children's corner'. 

'''Stages as:'''
1st Rough draft for primarily getting its shape;
2nd  Background knowledge collections for understanding Sir Debussy and his Chou Chou's life 
(this was a continuing process by myself that I mainly began from Wikipedia, and then made paper works regarding with it, and carefully observed its manuscripts);
3rd  Analysis of basic points and techniques requirements of its keyboard-touching;
4th  Critical weaving imaginations and impressions to be painting imageries wandering upon techniques;
5th, Collecting languages from both Chinese and English for binary classroom 
(There were several sessions totally in English and some key words of music theory &amp; background knowledge in English I had frequently presented to her, which I could say I made this procedure in binary languages. Though she was in primary level of English, I found music, especially our love of piano, had transformed to be a bridge across hearts' gap and brought us inspirations; Furthermore, I promised every impressionist imageries and scenes I had taught her, but simplified in languages of her age and her ways. Though still, it was very hard for her to understand, she took the challenge and achieve some points through her own sweats)
gave us powers.

'''Two weeks ago, she was able to make this edition from learning progress:''' 
Then, there were some conflictions in terms of whether or not I should submit it, which was from my own heart and experiences. I said to myself: Jason, be brave! What gift can you create for your 'little guy'? What did you own, nothing or something...?  What place, in your mind, is beautiful and pure for your piano education, after so many years' explorations, some dreams, some good memories and some sufferings...? Then, I thought here...My conflictions were also about some small mistakes, 'sliding notes'  &amp; 'breaks' without purpose, the incompletely expressed musicality and some ignored keyboard-touching ways caused by nervous moods made by her... which made her edition lose some 'natural landscapes', such as B26-B28's left hand, the emotional reasoning in B37-B44 and a peak sliding fault &amp; dynamics fall in B65-B66,B71.... And, they were also about ethics issues I wasn't an expert in. But, finally, considering educational reasonability, her long time love of piano, her giftedness, basic completion of key points and some impressionist sessions, and from inheritance (you can see there were small gaps between my first edition and hers' that it sounded like her piano tutor - mine. Her advantage was from a girl's slim hands), I thought I should send out my gift, and era should leave more developing zones &amp; opportunities to young generations' growth, no matter where they were and who there were...) Hopefully, she are able to achieve much more beautiful editions and cheers in her own future for our worlds, than her ' big comprehensive case carrier and a strange kindhearted uncle -  Tutor &amp; Learner (me).

'''One week before examination - a near-closing case of piano education:''' &quot;This classroom edition was recorded a week before her examination of Grade Test. Thinking of it, it's really a hard job for us having gone over a long period to get the basic knowledge of notation, to train hands-manners and necessary techniques of piano, to know some masters of piano and finally to understand Sir Debussy's impressionism and make some possible self-expressions... Before the examination, I wished to give her more confidences, thereby, recorded this edition - to let her know how powerful currently her hands were heard like and how good she could self-reason out her own 'Children's Corner'... Alongside hearing this edition, so many beautiful moments, hard times and imaginable scenes glanced over my brain, in which our growths (including my own - a piano tutor) were recorded sparking the vitality out. Were there still some small problems, Jason? Yes, to a critical tutor, I found it was a little bit later in her right hand when going through the 'Binary System' and the 'highlighted-shinning stars' on sky-celling were lighted by wrongly sliding out other notes a little bit (B24-B30). But I was very happy to hear that she tried her best to play out two 'Impressionism Butterflies' (B65-B66) and linked them to a beautiful Fountain (B67-B69) . Yes, the techniques-stability was enhanced. Thanks, Meng Meng! I used to think last edition was your best... but... this one was further better. Wish a beautiful spring holiday of your 2018, after the examination, will come to your heart and your life!&quot; (Jason M. C., Han in Wikimedia Commons, 2018)

Here and now, throughout a 'text-book writing' of Sir Debussy's Doctorial in Children's Corner,  a reviewing of work-analyses of some techniques-points, many times of fulfilled practicing in virtual and real classrooms, many time of cases-recording of both tutor (me) and student (Meng Meng) in sound-files with words-descriptions, currently, in the new spring holidays of 2018, this teaching procedure was nearly closed, as a final student's good effect was recorded before examination, and further she was going out of 'our children's corner' and to face her examination and her own future. What, I need to say: thanks to all! Thanks to 'being known - a nature of human beings'! And, thanks to this Era who gave a chance to this multiple-channeling teaching &amp; learning procedure of piano! Future... maybe still unknown, especially for this little girl... But, best wishes! 
[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] '' (Jason, M. C., Han, 2017)'' &lt;ref&gt;WIKIMEDIA COMMONS (2017) Wiki-entry 'Children's corner of Meng',  Searched from Wikipedia. ，Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Children%27s_corner_of_Meng.ogg. Accessed: 10th, August, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Children's corner of Meng.ogg|thumb| Meng Meng (nick name)'s edition of Doctorial in Children's Corner: Currently, the Fourth Version was her most beautiful one self-made in classroom before Piano Grade Test Exanimation. Regarding with all editions' comments and reasons, please reference to the original file in Wikimedia Commons]]
===== '''Arabic Spring bloomed out from impressions of Children's Corner:''' =====
[[File:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant.jpg|thumb|Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant]]
After having learned many techniques of Impressionism, Let us have a try of Sir Claude Debussy's another impressionist work - '1st Arabic Suite - Spring Garden' (DEUX ARABESQUES - 1st Melody).
Here, This paragraph below referenced from the description of my 'Wikimedia Commons' was a 'true-heart' dialogue, which can guide us the music imagination and impressions-forming: 

' I was dreaming of a morning awakening in Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon ). Then, gentle breathes of spring told me stories in my childhood painting sheets which has stood up  several imageries, including a bird-transformed angel-girl and Ali's virtual trip to gods' place for love... which were reminded unclear now... sorry. Oh, I can remember the time was when I opened an old book from my grandpa named One Thousand and One Nights (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights) that I can read words in my first time. But, in the following tens years of my life, it's heard that happiness and joyfulness in Islamic Garden，like tune sung away in sky by nightingales, left tears with the sadness becoming a dominate theme running throughout the darkness... Spring is the most beautiful one growing from one long-drought desert-area or 'heart'... people knew(Wikipedia introduction: nightingale - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_nightingale;Islamic Garden - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_garden) I have nearly forgotten how beautiful water 'fireworks' raised up by fountains were projected out green vitalities in sky upon desert and diverse mythical animals living there... Until one morning of later spring, I have been to carefully sight-read the manuscript of Sir Claude Debussy's  'DEUX ARABESQUES - 1st suite' (1888) in piano... I found romantic lines wandering upon impressionism background with nightingale's natural musicality of singing praying back a blooming spring have all been summarized in this 'song', which made it soon become one of my favorites... My father told me: Jason, after I heard it, I can feel the willing of expressing its civilization in freedom, as being recovering, but still, it's with a piece of 'unspoken' sadness... Oh, that's quite correct... I thought.Saying something lighter:Currently, it was a hot summer - though posted in a little bit later but 'hurry' time - I prepared it in only a couple of weeks, and some ideas cannot be fulfilled, when diving under seawater in my hometown and opening my eyes bigger, I still can feel the cool feeling attracted by blue jelly-liked bottom was quite like a spring waiting there - warm but not hot, peaceful and with pains... Just mentioning the feeling, I thought Jacques in the movie The Big Blue (currently, I have watched)  would carry the same complex. But, mine is in piano and life. (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Blue ).Oh, sorry,  so far away, I just wanted to emphasis an element of 'Spring feeling' in this Arabic song (suite). Indeed, when I was in Newcastle, one morning, hearing words from a peer of Iraq (mine) praying on a piece of ground-carpet towards ' The right direction' in his heart, what can also give me a 'spring feeling'...So many words... let us listen to this suite with singing musicality... I would modify it with better techniques in short time...Thanks! '(Han, 2017) Coming back again under the sunshine and softly breezing winds in New Era Time, what I would like to further self-reflexive was:' Thanks to this Time, Hanging Garden was almost seen near my eyes with more blooming flowers... Maybe still some pities that my heart didn't reach too far as from a critical aesthete's eyes; but happiness, in the Babylon Garden of Imagination, as a plant would be growing to the Green Tree in a night of 2018 Lucky Dog's year, under which beautiful voices from a singer, or nightingale would freely wander up and totally relax you long-time ‘tighten nerve’... to welcome a mind wake-up in one 'cool' morning unknown with 'dew-drops', fountains, citruses, and special natural creatures... all in musicality...' (Han, 2018)


Here, I need to set two references, in terms of which one was 'Patrizia Prati's version' which I had heard many time for enlightenments and the other was the manuscript I sight-read for the credibility: 
1. Patrizia Prati's Version: &lt;ref&gt; Prati, P. (2016)''Français : Première Arabesque'', Claude Debussy (Wikipedia article):Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy. (Accessed: 11th, July, 2017)&lt;/ref&gt;  
2. Manuscript for Credibility: &lt;ref&gt; Translated: Wang, J. Tang, C. (eds.) (2004) ‘1ère Arabesque - DEUX ARABESQUES’, The Collection of Debussy Piano Imageries, Beijing: People's Music Press.pp.5-9.{{ISBN|978-7-103-02765-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Self-reflexivity:''' I respected others' versions and appreciated them very much, especially from the reasonability of piano deals. But, if you asked me: Jason, what's your characteristics? Maybe... In brief, I am willing that it was: 'more colours with impressionism techniques reflected from daily life... such as 'Short, thick strokes of paint quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its details' and 'The play of natural light (sound effects) is emphasized. Close attention is paid to the reflection of colours from object to object', etc; and ' my full of emotions have been expressed in ways of Neo-expressionism and Neo-classicalism'. Further more, after real practices in some life scenes out of classroom, I would suggested putting an element of ''''France Romantic'''' based on reviewing other cultures emerged from imagery notation would be an good idea. Please have a try, thanks!
[[File:Claude Debussy - 2nd Arabesque (JMC, Han).oga |thumb|1st Arabic Suite- Spring Garden(in 3rd version: Impressionism Singing - Main natural Lines&amp;Breathes from Sir Debussy)]]

3. '''Later time of spring-New Era''' , a colourful Butterfly is gently flying into your Hanging Gardens of Babylon -1st Arabic Suite (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon ) , and taking  your imagination&amp;dream to a flowering life-mountain facing a farland sea...Watching some time of one section inside, you can also hear Monet's 'Quiet Morning' upon the sea...Alongside Butterfly's dance suite, Stories are beginning...Oh, listening... it's the legend of Butterfly in birds' song...

[[File:Claude Debussy - 2nd Arabic Suite (Arabesque) - Spring Butterfly, Performer JMC, Han.wav|thumb|2nd Arabic Suite- Spring Butterfly (Impressionism Singing -Main Natural Lines&amp;Breathes from Sir Debussy)]]

===== About the performance of Debussy works, piano Keyboard's touching pathways, techniques, and effects shown in Wikipedia need to meet some standards of impressionism, Sampling - Clair de Lune =====

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clair_de_lune_(Claude_Debussy)_Suite_bergamasque.ogg -
Though this edition has been studio-produced without some unnecessary noises, It wasn't from the nature of life, and with the reasonability of impressionism. Meanwhile, it carried some mistakes. Therefore, I don't think its notation-reading and Piano touching techniques have met impressionism's standards, such as the seconds (0.46-0.49 note F , and 0.53-0.54 note D) - two long-keeping notes absolutely being made the technique-mistakes by being divided into two single ones which deeply broke melodic harmony. Some other mistakes can also be found, such as (0.57-0.58 root chord Octave E; 2.34-2.35 high pitch C in the middle part, the lost expression of Calmato from Bar 43; The no distinguish of 'pp' and 'ppp' from Tempo I etc.)
Another perspective, from 1:39, the impressionism arpeggios produced by master Debussy, on the middle part by left hand, have been deeply broken into single notes' on-going; then, impressionism music's colour-fizzy impressions borrowed from its painting, which was reflected out by hands' skills have been totally ignored. Yes, every note was clear and run in beats, but impressionism disappeared and hands' abilities in controlling linking notes and running them in certain active speed hadn't been made the accompaniment with the whole theme's development. The very importance is the dynamic level of bass long-keeping notes in lowest part haven't been played with 'tender but highlighted forces' gently, which needed to give people some unconsciousness impressions as deep 'footprints of coming'.  (2.23 - 2.24) - from these seconds， high tide's 'En Animant' hasn't been performed well with the sparkling lights upon the higher pitches linked as in a whole logical line, then required to be tenderly pressed the force into keyboards; meanwhile, it and its following paragraph are also too quiet without deep thoughts and without the dynamics level as motivating to 'f' etc. Rather than only these sampled points I pointed out, indeed, there are also some many keys lost accessing to impressionism, which haven't been performed well.
Therefore, I need to say: I have to recover the original edition as both the respect of master Debussy and respect of fine artist' aesthetics. Though in last edition from wikiversity, some pink noises layer was existing. However, it was true both from life and from past experiences - then it was called deep impressions. Can life be pretended without noises? Impressionism is also. It cared about soul root's purity but fuzzed the details (on purposes as by special techniques) Meanwhile, last edition in Wikipedia has also respected Debussy' original notation-reading and soul-expressions. Meanwhile, player's emotional changes about his own past tens more years regarding with this work had all been applied by tightly participant-observing the universal logical line of Clair de Lune implicitly, just like some symbolizations produced impressionism, overall. Then, you can hear some struggling feelings and self-releasing being deeply hidden from the root, which was also participant-observing Debussy's historical life-line. 
If some better editions can be found, after panelled discussions, we can push further more. Meanwhile, I am continuously researching this field. If some communications focusing on melody itself rather than some unnecessary issue, I am very happy to give my talks. Furthermore, indeed, I was very touched by this player's bravery of playing Fine Art's Digital Literacies earlier, but some details need to be up-to-date and regressed back the Composer Debussy his own thoughts from his historical background and life themselves, as engineering giving beauties to commons. Here, we need to think more ... Thanks!
[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 06:05, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

'Debussy's harmonies and chord progressions frequently exploit dissonances without any formal resolution. Unlike in his earlier work, he no longer hides discords in lush harmonies,[43] and the forms are '''far more irregular and fragmented'''.[44] These chords that seemingly had no resolution were described by Debussy himself as '''&quot;floating chords&quot;,''' and were used to '''set tone and mood''' in many of his works. '''The whole tone scale''' dominates much of Debussy's late music.' (Wikipedia, 2016) &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (05:29, 2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy &lt;/ref&gt;

These sentences referenced from Wikipedia was really good for understanding Debussy's piano techniques and Key-board touching skills, wish we can make more understandings. I think 'floating chords' are impressionism arpeggio; meanwhile, emotional depth have been explored, rather than a 'stable lake', but with dynamic levels and even 'hidden struggling of life', then, 'self-releasing finally'.

'Rudolph Reti points out the following features of Debussy's music, which &quot;established a new concept of tonality in European music&quot;:
Glittering passages and webs of figurations which distract from occasional absence of tonality;
Frequent use of parallel chords which are &quot;in essence not harmonies at all, but rather 'chordal melodies', enriched unisons&quot;, described by some writers as non-functional harmonies;
Bitonality, or at least bitonal chords;
Use of the whole-tone and pentatonic scale;
Unprepared modulations, &quot;without any harmonic bridge.&quot;'(Wikipedia, 2016) &lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia (05:29, 2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Debussy &lt;/ref&gt;

This part is really good, which reflected out the necessary that impressionism techniques and skills are needed in dealing with these composing habits and requirements from Debussy mentioned for our players. I think, the floating hands-skills, fizzing details and oppositely pushing out theme in Impressionism arpeggios, are really needed. They can be transformed to techniques we need to give ourselves some trainings.

=== Some theoritical constructions summerizing creative thinking skills, phylosiphical roots, psychological ideas and educational research skills, applied in piano field ===
 '''Button:　(See Besides)　'''　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[[File:LONGITUDINAL_CURRICULUM_DESIGN_for_PIANO_SKILLS.pdf　|thumb|LONGITUDINAL_CURRICULUM_DESIGN_for_PIANO_SKILLS]]
('''Post-comment:'''
After repeatedly exercising, after a procedure from clear division of each stage strictly to entirely usages by fuzzing boundaries with learners, finally, this approach will be naturally merging into teachers, teacher educators and learners' daily classroom-oriented operations. Bearing 6 stages always in mind to comprehensively think out practical solutions for problems ranging from simple ones to much complicated ones is always very important, which can help us clarify your thinking in piano and musical education.)

=== Piano Exercises (PE): Postmodern Piano Teacher's (Performance &amp; Keyboard-touching) Continuing Developmental Zone with a crystal heart as Kid's  ===
==== Improvisations for Future====
Main files: Please see the Portal 'Blues &amp; Jazz learnt for fun and a fast brain' in the Portal section above
==== Reorganizations &amp; Solo-rehearsals for Some 'unbelievable &amp; dreaming' melodies in Life-long 'Music-Journey' ====
Friends, Life journey is so long that many emotion-landscapes are going up and down. To be a Happiness Piano-teacher (Piano-teacher for dreaming and sharing the Happiness-land), we are always on the way... When beauties of a flower or a river are touching our heart, we preferred to make out (catch) them buy hands. Then... Have you heard annual Vienna New Year's Concert? From born time? Yes, in 2018, it's mostly like a fantastic Southland Rose, under Italian conductor's hands. But, in 2019, under Germany 'Big Bear' Composer's hands, it's like impressions of North-sea waves. 
So rich views, they were like, varying on the trip... However, there is a piece of waltz never faded, which? Yes, the Perfectionism Waltz - Blue Danube Waltz, flowing from Heaven-spring or from the pure harmonic part of your heart. In so long a life journey, I have been dreaming for many years..., but really hard for piano... The year 2019 told me: Jason, you can play some not all, even like a smaller collection; and remember Sir Chopin's suggestions - 'Very independent Waltz Fingering techniques and fioriture ornamentation'... Further back, in I a little girl student's teaching plan, I added a small task - 'having a try of Blue Danube' through a notation textbook - 'Brilliant Pearls on the Keyboard'. Now, in the End of May, I gave a reorganized &amp; re-integrated edition of piano, myself: 
[[File:Blue Denube in my heart.jpg|thumb| Piano life is like the travelling Blue Danube, let us see]]
[[File:Blue Danube (Exercise and variations-collections in piano) JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|Blue Danube Waltz in piano,  JMC, Han]]
Though many details were still rough in my ears (compared with some perfect editions), I never heard it played in solo-piano and what structure collected was much suitable for piano techniques-training: 

 '''Introduction (Andantino) - A. Waltz (Main) - B. Waltz (Development and Peak 1) - C. Waltz (Development and Relaxation 2) - Coda (Repetition and End)'''
Blue Danube Waltz is still dancing &amp; going on... 
This procedure taught me: '''For some beloved melodies beyond piano's ability, we can cut and pick up some sections not all, then reorganize them in a much suitable form for piano - introduction, development, coda.... ''' I will train myself further more...

=== Small breaks to relax yourself... in Neo-expressionism &amp; Neo-classic of Pop-piano ===
[[File:Summer Kikujiro - Joe Hisaishi, performed by Jason Han.ogg|thumb|Summer Kikujiro - Joe Hisaishi, performed by Jason Han]]
=== 2018 Spring-Echo - Dreamed Flowers-blooming, Cruise-ship trip to Sasebo in holidays and a Self-Doctorial public performance (5 days and 10 times) in 'Children's Corner' (mind-recognized and notations-above collected) Restaurant ===
* [[Portal: 2018 Spring-Echo trip to Sasebo and a Self-Doctorial travelling Performance  | 2018 Spring-Echo trip to Sasebo and a Self-Doctorial Travelling Performance]]

== The Postmodernist functions of tertiary education in Jason's views ==

In my mind, tertiary educational system need to benefit ordinary people's daily lives, and also can continuously absorb the nutrition from them for growing further. 
Imagining the coming of one beautiful day when waking up in the morning: 
all the aging people, middle age people, young adults, young teenagers and children -
no matter where you are living in, 
you will not feel hollowed emptily in mind with hopelessness.
Oppositely, 
through shuttling in your Postmodernist channels to accept the fresh knowledge freely (contracting with the global society digitally）, 
you can know what you are going to do, 
how you could realize your dreams by fulfilling your daily plans, 
and what contributions you will be making for the worlds.
Then, your life would be valuable with the blue hopes 
under the free sunshine of pure knowledge. 
This Postmodernist Regressing-situation should have already been predicted by a classical painting - 
The School of Athens 
'''(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_Athens).'''
 All the people internally can freely research their Life and knowledge in their own 'channels'.

At that time, every young person and child's giftedness (even very different from what we have already known) 
will not be ignored, forgiven, or blocked by the society
merely because of the limitations occurred from their special problems, their private difficulties and their disorders (mental or physical) which might be hard to tell others. 
The reason is that plenty universal citizens online would associate them to realize their dreams. 
I knew this vison is towards one huge project for all and somehow a little bit lonely way for me, 
however, I strongly believed in: if every person everyday attempt to travel one step friendly (even very small) for others, 
'tomorrows' will be the beautiful days for all!


== '''The daily collections of Jason's Postmodernist Language''' ==
=== Introduction of this part ===
In my mind, the pieces of fragmental consciousness and some unconscious roots have been inspiring your life-strategies and decisions. However, they are somehow emerging easily in your short-time memories and also broken easily.  How could us frequently collect them and contribute to our postmodernist civilization immediately. I think: collecting your daily internal and external language might be a good pathway.  

=== Contents ===

==== Some words from 2016 ====

1. Sciences &amp; Technologies can better the materialist standards of ordinary people's life; meanwhile, philosophy can give people the wisdom to self-reflexive their life standards for dreaming an idealist future; meanwhile, theology can keep their well-being situation be peacefully maintained. In postmodernist life, after constructing the channel threading the Trinity, I cannot see the conflicts, but the cooperation and negotiation. (7th/June/2016)

2. When navigating in the sea, the directions of sun somehow are depending on your own heart. Whether it is sunrise or sunset, you should ask yourselves(There used to be a philosophical debate about where is the centre of your worlds - heart or brain, about which we can search some information in Wiki-team's 'channels' online).
(7th/June/2016)

3. Children's eyes are prettily beautiful, which can bring holly peace and heavenly love into your mind. Watching them, touching the universal harmony and postmodernist imaginary-regressing to your own childhood; in what channel, I almost forgot some pieces of  unnecessariness, such as hates, boring issues and hostile emotions, and only leaved one pure dream in mind - being together with them to play, and play with smiles hung upon faces. In psychology, it was to say: people would pick up their childish in the later life as the intelligence's regression to be innocence as time's passing by. But, but, I'd rather picking it up in my middle ages, or even from my childhood itself. In that case, my postmodernist trip would not be painfully or singly enough, but with full of sunshine. Oh, good night, my worlds! hoping children in their channels including these generations and the next and the next after the next ones - would enjoy their peacefulness and joyfulness all the time. I will have been praying for all in this channel - mine, yours and theirs - time after time, until the numberless recycles upon.
(16th/September/2016)

4. Today, watching the autumn-leaves here - falling from the higher place to the ground greyly, my memory was also falling and falling to certain part named 'self-reflexivity', or 'mind-independent land' as in the past:
Three years before, I had been a very peaceful and ashamed boy, of whom, even made any arguments with others, the face will turn red. On those days, I just wanted to enjoy my own small joyfulness with my family. Currently, I saw he had been very foolish but innocent enough. Sometimes, when I was him, I enjoyed to watch beautiful moonlights, felt its silver love can be compared with Mother's dedications in my education year by year, or someone else who had would like to make the accompaniments with me in my small life-trip. I didn't know how to quarrel with each other, but just follow some ideas to make further thoughts. In that time, peers, relatives and family members all thought I was a good boy. 
Until one day, I began to gain more multiple-disciplinary knowledge, then critically thinking of my life across cultures and subjects. Then, I went abroad for multiple-views of life and academy for the purposes of getting 'bilingually and comparable views' as in philosophical education.   I found: what absolute pieces of knowledge, even language and number themselves, are somehow not enough absolute and peaceful as before. Yeah, someone taught me some keys; then, I thought I can train them very excellent even super-against someone's levels before, especially dialectics itself, depending on which I can make much more trips and see more beautiful views in my channels. I can also travel to more reasonable and purified 'places', somehow, than current, with the foundation only on a huge summery of multiple-subjects of knowledge. I can shift myself from here to there, from now to the future situations after being reasoning about the possible tendencies. But, this isn't my false, which made someone feel really not happy when I took my stances. They began to make various troubles for me, and I began to make various arguments, complaints and appeals with them, just because what I said and dreamed after had been really not wrong, but possibilities for future - even good visions; and, they didn't believe in what they had seen. Oh, I am researching thinking and education for many years in my ways and I am really not a foolish; but why didn't they give me an opportunity in totally expressing the views I thought in certain field, and even the possibilities for themselves? I did really don't know why - I thought it was because Lord Universal Infinite is fair enough that when he gave you somethings to see, he also covered your another eye as the repay. Every time after the argument with others (even I was successful or fall), I felt of the very tiredness and I was somehow a little bit 'dirty' than before. From heart to say: I feared to argue with others and really don't want to give anyone any troubles, I just wanted to enjoy my beauties - the beautiful music, beautiful scientific approaches - thinking and experimenting, and how others are emotional changing and intelligent progressing etc. But, facing the knowledge given freely from universal reasonbilities, I need to show my respects of their beauties, and I need to be more reasonable in thinking. No matter who you are, where you are from and what kind of authorities you conquered. We were all equally sitting on the balanced Scales of Truth freely. Oh, every time after the argument, firstly, I would feel - indeed there is no correct answer, but main tendencies for... but why your eyes were just focusing on my behaviours... what I would like is to tell the truths, but why you are so critiqued upon my ideas ... if you are travelling to my point between the pressures of two cultures, your thinking will not be better than me etc. - somewhat like shown above. I felt really painful, but I enjoyed pursuing the 'big look' of knowledge, its reasonability and purity themselves. However, if I didn't make out my voices, might be no one would know them, or being latter - they are all going to be separated into fragments in their own channels without caring about the connections between them. In other words, worlds objectively inputted in my eyes and my worlds subjectively reflected out in mirrored universe will not unified together. That's a terrible future. Indeed, what my purpose was very simple, for teaching and learning from each other freely. I want to be a good teacher educator whom, if in my later time, can give every suggestion according to someone who turned to me, with the creative zones I can see. Then, I am accumulating more every day and trying more every day.
Oh, I am praying, praying for that innocent Jason's coming back who, this time, is with multiple-subjects’ knowledge but also gentle, and peacefully as before. Oh Lord, we all have been making sins. Please forgive our sins! Let us all feel peaceful as before!

'' ''The Garden Eden:''{{'}}: Then the Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the East, and there he put the man he had formed... In the middle of the garden stood the tree that gives life and the tree that gives knowledge of what is good and what is bad... '' {{'}}Adam and Eve Are Sent Out of the Garden{{'}} {{'}}So the Lord God sent them out of the Garden of Eden and made them cultivate the soil from which they had been formed{{'}}
&lt;ref&gt;Genesis 2: 8 - 10; Genesis 3: 22 - 23 &lt;/ref&gt;

5. Oh, dear. I am hoping this time my moonlight can last for longer time. Then, I am praying for peace. Oh, what is love? someone fell in love with a person, someone with a city and someone with a piece of music. Wishing this time, my dealing way is in good matters.

6. Fine arts need to respect some innovations from common's daily life. As the responds of Talk in Claude Debussy, I still need to point out: Wikipedia still needs to respect commons' so-many-years' training and love of one piece of music. If it was talking about music, we need to respect some facts and don't tell lies.

7. I have clearly shown out my stance' meanwhile, in order to respect others, I put my version in Talk. 
Talk place is for talking this subject with freedom. Even there, someones still want to break these basic recogitions and pricinples. For what? I don't know. If for money or some other ugly things, don't do it!

8. If appeals were too may and still without respects, appeals will be meanless

9. Silver moonlight upon nightroad, is the love freely given from heaven, to all the commons. Debussy has found its beauties with France style romantics. Then, he contributed his this impression to peoples all round the worlds. The very important things are love itself and peace itself. Let us try to understand more!
[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 01:44, 17 October 2016 (UTC)

10. If there is no teachers and young teenagers researching music for many years and telling what they were seeing in this field with academic styles and in real or virtual classrooms, Musicians' beautiful flowers will lose their colours. Yes, we are Postmodernist commons online, and sometimes, our voices usually were ignored. Yes, maybe, we are not very professional (Indeed, I thought in one thing if you have interests and love, you can be keen on doing it for tens more years and even longer, that's enough good. Education researches and Psychologists told us, we, ourselves, can already be compared with experts.); and sometimes, we are not professional in using some professional technologies. However, we haven't lost ourselves and tried to dream after the beatiful heaven in our hearts all the time. That's what life's meanings existing in. Sometimes, we feared about unnecessary confliects' happening, owing to that we are peaceful. However, this didn't show that we were weak. Children and young teenagers, my Debussy' case told us: no matter when and how, we need to take some stances and insist on doing what we are dreaming. Behind you, there are your supporters - known or unknown. We need to give them our thanks and bravely face our life.

11. Protecting belongings, maintain yourself against cheating deals, and keeping value-reflecting-price business in China: (I didn't want to make this talk so explicit, just as a daily talk from a common Wiki-member. Then, in this case, I am very carefully to use languages, even my emotion is shaking with unhappiness. I don't want to hurt anyone and don't want anyone hurt my family.) 
Firstly, I love my country and feel good to be a common citizen. However, from long-time's participant-observations, somethings unhappy I still need to say: To be a kindhearted Chinese and don't feel tiredness about some unnecessary issues against some unfair deals are somehow two hard jobs, even only in life. From central TV channel, to local channels, to Internet digital world's channels, and to some newspapers, usually, notices were all written - Please taking care about your belongings, keeping a very clear mind when treating some deals, and trying your best to take a value-reflecting-price business, in China. Yes, 'in China', every time hearing this high-lightening, my heart always felt a little bit sorrowful, especially about 'cheating deals'. From my childhood, I used to feel strange 'why just Chinese was mentioned, why it was towards Chinese, why did we be mentioned shaping our behaviours when making some deals, even in daily life'; yes, if there weren't some unhappy things occurred before, this special 'notices' shouldn't be highlighted, even our own channels, for really protecting some honesty people's practical benefits. But I really have to say: it was a real fact. That's why Education and Daily Notices awaked us everyday. Indeed, 'price running around the true value' - this principle is what keeping things going well. Even being over or below in certain controllable situations, it shouldn't be so exaggerated too much - to over or below certain degree too much, such as 8 times or 10 times more. Meanwhile, it shouldn't be existing without getting the other side's (buyers) permissions, or finally just waiting 'the process of the cheating deal' having nearly been completed to the final step (buyers have wasted so much energy and time in this case), then presented out as excuse to set out the responsibilities. In those cases, they can all be called 'cheating deals'. 
'Stealing belongs' are what really cannot be accepted by the civilizations. In china, some people, especially some being-threated aging people and children have to become members of certain criminal groups. They were sent to some public places including transportation-tools , such as buses. In these public traffics, usually, it was very crowed and the distances among people couldn't be accepted by a humanised civilization. 'Too many people, and too crowed' and 'driver's attitude somehow was really bad' - Those are the real facts lasting for tens more years. Depending on these unmoral distances among different people, these thieves can naturally 'attach' to some persons' shoulders, elbows, waists and hands, which are somewhere your wallets, bags or satchels placed. Then, their hands will wander towards zippers. Even worse, someone would use knife to break your waists, in order to get your belongings. The ages gave them the 'hidden conditions' to make crimes and would become their excuses to set out the responsibilities. They would make the attempts to steal your belongs for many times. After your turning heads back and found their cases, if you are an adult and strong man or woman and pointed them out directly and would like to notice others' care-taking, they would make quarrels with you in the public places. They would draw moral powers to attack your notices directly, in order to 'hide' their crimes or dispersing your attentions; then, they can get out from their situations (Yes, somehow, they are aging people and you are younger.) If they haven't achieve the successes and you founded it, they can also 'slide' away, depending on their public misleading. Then, they could disappear in the crowed 'people sea', and would focus on the next; or get out from this bus for the next. Usually, they weren't working for their own benefits depending on their own willing; but behind, there should be some darkness groups, which has almost been a public secret. Their crimes, if small, can be forgiven by your mercy (Indeed, we really want to ignore them, but ...), which are also understood and grasped by these groups. Their health-care and education are really concerned by people, especially towards some children. &lt;small&gt;(Taking some samples from my own participant-observations: when I was a undergraduate student in Dalian, I used to encounter a child steeling my bag in the market when I was buying a piece of delicious Xinjiang cake (Really very delicious; thereby, I enjoyed to buy some). This is a fact that I have lost my ID card, all the belongings and the money; but today, this case repeatedly occurring upon me, after the time of ten years, when I was in a bus. This time, it was an aging woman that she attempted so many times towards my satchel, which made my attentions. I wasn't a fool, but somehow like a fool. Secretly struggling with her, I attempted 3 times to avoid bad things' happening, by twisting my satchel in front from aside. Then, she turned to the next- my mother, beside me. I turned my body to the other side to block her pathway, but it was unsuccessfully in get back her evil mind. I have to directly point out this unhappy fact to all, in public. What I wanted to do is just awaking people's care-taking of their own belongs in this crowed and unhappy bus. However, my mother wanted me to keep a secret. Why? she didn't know how many people in her groups are in that bus and she didn't know how to deal with some moral blames and misleading towards her son, if being trapped with this aging woman in this crowed bus for so long time (the distances among people have been over too much upon normal people's physics endurances.)   Yes, I can, and almost, I need to. In China, there is a traditionally thinking way - 'Keeping your own businesses without caring about others' issues, especially when this issue wasn't about your own matters, or, you or your family can avoid or escape from taking hurts, signally' - this one usually kept the right one who wanted to notice people in the 'mouth-closure' and let some 'unhappy issues' happened in public as the secret, time after time...)&lt;/small&gt; But taking a perspective from Education: if all the people in public kept what they encountered as secrets, what situations  will be like in the future. If letting aging people or child to steel belongs can be taught to our next generations from their parents or thief-teachers, what will happen in the mind of our next generations. What they think would be: I don't need to take any labours, just depending on cheating deals through some words-confusion skills or steeling belongings from others, then, in risks, somehow, we can get 8 or 10 times more values than before from others, or from nothing I have directly upon to all. In the other side, buyers or belongings-losers will immediately lost what they used to own without being honest treated or being merciful dealt, even in their own life. What-like will our next generations be made as?
Therefore, in my mind, in postmodernist globalized civilization, these are really several Red lines which were touching bottom of Education, and we need to tell children and young teenagers what are right or wrong; so that, I written this recording to bear somethings in mind.
(I make an apology about this language collection's quality is a little bit rough - the fluency is between bilingually oral and academy, because of the very unhappy emotional participant-observations during its completion and its instability with anger. Therefore, lots of details and several small events have been personally ignored, including　one opportunist price bid-up (10 times more)in street market and another half-weight-added relationship-selling without clarifying the quality and quantity of products. They all happened in my hometown, which made me feel really sad. If merely seeing it as one in my self-researches of life-language phenomenon for language-improvement  and taking it from educational perspective, my heart might not feel so painful. Hopefully, they can still be fragments without being threaded together; and hopefully, a night after, I can totally forget them. Yes, after watching child's face and hearing her melody-playing, my mind was calmed down. Okay, I would like to take it as one bad educational material in case for teaching good)
('''Suggestions:''' 
(1) To common people ourselves, in order to live, it's better to prepare a Anti-cheating-deal-protection Booklet by collecting various pieces of information from News online, TV channels and Newspaper. To be honest, there are too many pieces provided in China everyday. When watching them, you would feel evil and how can things be like those... Recently, I repeatedly heard some disorders in southern part of China have been grouped and organized to steal belongings. Oh, they are disorders with special needs. How can things be like those! Yes, we don't want to harm others, but we need to protect our own belongings.   
(2) systematical Market order and monitoring for commons' daily lives need to be re-constructed and standardized. I insisted the Value-to-price - this principle should be highlighted, even more over, it shouldn't be much than 8 to 10 times - over this dangerous red-line. 
(3) Materials-saving and re-cycling ideas in own-dream's realization, as only for, need be taught and learnt by more people, depending on which corruption situation would be reduced and unpractical bad emotions influencing commons' daily well-being would be modified.)

==== Words with annual renewable freshness for 2017====

12. Oh, I should feel much free talking something in Jason's Postmodernist Language Part. In my mind, sorry, maybe - my mind has been self-traveling to the future too far. Taking back a step, this one is still and always a holly place for my self-reasoning and self-purification in my own worlds.   
Firstly, Happy Spring Festival of Chinese Area and please enjoy the first day of a very merry Rooster Year - 2017! 


13. Then, today, following 11st point, I want to talk about another phenomenon experienced on Public bus, which I really don't want to mention but have to. How could I organize my languages more clearly like, after encountering this angry experience? I don't want and never want to tell lies, but certain basic trust &amp; honesty was still gotten lost about its diver. Things should go like those below:
Indeed, it hasn't been a current problem but somewhat lasting for long time since my family's returning to my hometown. Facing this problem, usually, it's my mum who over-stressed me too much -  pressing down may stance and don't want me to say out  my participant-observations. However, today, it is the first day of Rooster Year, everyone should apply polite attitude in dealing with and interactively treating each other, as the gift for a lucky year. My family's gift has gotten lost; and thereby, I don't want to give my gift to some individuals in my city. 
In China, as one part of public welfare, aging people, over the age of 60, have been enjoying a condition of public welfare - over 60, they can get half-discount tickets in public bus; and over 70, aging people can enjoy free tickets. You knew, behind the fast constructions of China, so many people have contributed all their life, all their youth time, all their family-working opportunities or all their family-volunteering contributions and all their patriotic health &amp; energy to each city they are living in; till now, they had to (not to say they are on purposes) be aging over 60 or over 70. Compared with what contributions they made to this country's development in their life and youth time, this welfare is really what they should get, as a balance of their value. In my big family, many people got to this life stage; and in my small family, my parents have all come into the opportunity of first stage - age 60  to age 70. (Wikipedia Introductions: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_welfare_in_China) Towards people in this group, I found some divers' bad attitudes and behaviours had been really too cruel, need some criticisms, too inhumanity and lost their basic trusts (to commons) &amp; honesty (to their own working opportunities). 
From 1900s to 2000s, in my family, public bus used to be a main way for travelling outside, depending on the technologies. In order to suit this public tool, We have cultivated too many good habits (you knew, in some extreme overloading situations - sometimes, over too much being even without space for merely one person's two feet which was painfully enough carved in my memory that I didn't want to mention  since my childhood - treated with inhumanity and only for money.). Among them, one is very useful relatively linking to today's case - coins-checking: (1)Before getting onto public buses, my father usually checked each coin and arranged them to me and my mum one by one; (2)and evolving from it, to me, before it, I have been together with my mum in checking about money for many times, in order not to trouble divers and keep our good manners in public bus. However, including today's and another one several months ago and several other times' before, though I really saw my mother's five Jiao (half ticket-fee) had been inserted into tickets-selling machine, and before it, I had really self-checked or father--checked, or saw she herself carefully checked the money, to ensure the correct money having been counted out, and in order not to trouble divers or others, for all times (I dared to say so. We really don't want to be trapped in this case). But still, when it came to this weak and slim lady, many times she was tangled by drivers by impolite questioning how much being inserted for many times. Indeed, if just being questioned many times, this case is also of no matter. Every time, in that very narrowed and only feet-inserted space (today, the situation is better), I or my father will be together associating my mother to take explanations - at the beginning, it's very gentle. However, this time, after saying sentences one time, two times, and three times:' we can confirm that she has really put the right money', some individual drivers, like today's in 28, still used very rude manners, down-looking attitude (with somewhat can be called discriminations. I understood psychology and knew what types of actions reflecting thinking ways behind these actions they showed can be called discriminations after so many years' experiences), questioning and impolite pronunciations to treat this poor lady - my mother. If letting me to attribute the reason of his actions, I would say: in societal activities and trips outside, my mother usually didn't care about her appearance and usually being with normal or even non-good-looked and old-fashioned clothes. She was also an aging teacher dedicating all her energy and time into serving next generations, and really didn't want to pay more attentions to the fashion of her out-looks - she didn't care about it and somehow considering it to be a waste of time and would rather pay things on more useful fields for other family members, family constructions or students (Money she and my family made earned is really not easy). Some individual Chinese have a problem: usually, what they behaved aren't according to people's souls, minds, contributions and good manners with beauties, but somewhat outside appearances. To strong or rich people, some individuals didn't want to trouble too much (because of the reason that they are strong or rich or even being clothed as almost rich), but some persons weak or poor or even just being looked as in poor situations and someone who really want to follow principles to behave (they also reasoned it as because of their poor or weak situations that they have to follow, rather than from heart that they respect principles and universal reasonability), they turned to use bad attitudes (from the angles of their down-looking eyes, bad Chinese pronunciation and many times 'suspicious questions - as if thinking everyone is crime) which you can directly feel about. 
Every time, facing this situation, if I was there I would associate my mother to make things clear and if things weren't really caused by our faults, after many times' explanations made like today, I had to bravely stand out: Every coin should be paid for your own labours, if you thought your labours were valued lower than this money, depending on your 'gentle attitudes', you can enjoy it happily. I knew on the first day of Spring Festival you wouldn't feel happy to take your tasks in working. However, you had chosen it you also need to take the responsibilities. Without interests, working experiences would let you feel in hell. Meanwhile, this point is also not following society principles. if you thought it was a burden, you can abandon it without disturbing others' holiday joyfulness; other divers who love it can take as from their own interests. Did you forget the traditional Chinese customs of Spring Festival? They are aging people, do you have parents and did you treat them like this on Spring Festival? Did you treat other aging people like this who are clothed well? Did you want to send every your bad face as 'the gift' to passengers all the day? ... Did you lose your basic trust and honesty to your customers? Without them, how do you want to get others' back? If you didn't respect your own working, how could others respect yours'?
In Rooster Year's Spring Festival Gala (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV_New_Year%27s_Gala ), 
'basic societal trusts' deeply rooted in hearts (to our own workings, our family members, our guests, our customers, our friends and our relatives ) has just been mentioned as from Chinese people' moral tradition, about which commons want to send some pieces of the positive information and Chinese Civilization to the worlds. Then, in the first day of Rooster - daily life and around people, it was still lost on you. 
Further, lots of aging people, like my mother, facing this situation, usually tried to pressure down her own son or family members, which transformed outside troubles into family conflicts - this is also one traditional custom without the openness to the world. Why? I wanted to make some much careful explanations: facing it, on the way outside, aging people knew they were weak and didn't want to trouble others or trouble their own family members by being pouched or hated by others. They thought this way was a good solution to avoid something's happening. Therefore, if things they can endeavour, they will. Even my father wanted to insert another 5 Jiao to calm down this situation quietly. Indeed, it was wrongly enough. After being educated, we knew another 5 Jiao cannot get back a lost trust and cannot pay for the whole societal justice. More aging people - in this group - may still need to unfairly pay another one time, two times or even more for being in their weak. That isn't according to moral principles and Education. Even more, taking Christianity's view: God, as Provider, trusts in everyone with the equality for many times. And, the balancing procedure made has already started from everyone's young time, even the childhood, till now, and then. 

'''Enlightenments and Educational suggestions for future:'''
(Children and young teenagers, please don't follow this uncle's bad example. If at the beginning, the diver would smile firstly and say: ’Aunt, Happy Spring Festival! I am sorry but I am not sure about your inserted ticket-fee, please have a check. You knew, my job wasn't easy on holidays‘. And, after gotten the answer once, he would choose to trust in this aging aunt and others’ explanations, for keeping holiday joyfulness and following traditional customs of Spring Festival. How fine an end of this case would be! )

14. Following the 13rd point (transportation management), today, I would like to accumulate one piece as for Jason's language. Currently, the situation of transportation is really better than before - last year and even longer time for tens years. However, in this point, about some cases of round-cycling bus in certain zones , I still need to give a very brief summary (I don't want to be trapped in certain unhappy mood too much): (1) If one job, or life-task, or volunteering, or event, you don't like to do, or even without any interests in, please forgive yourselves and others by choose another one. If you can't choose it, please try to fall in love with it. Yet, please just don't cry out your boring words about your careers all the way on bus. It would trouble others' moods while hearing; (2)When talking about some passengers in weak groups, or some pedestrians (walkers), especially aging people and children, passing by zebra crossing, please be merciful! It's because that cars are everywhere - they are parking, but without caring about principles of transportation. Weak groups, even walked out one line, shouldn't need to pay (responsibilities) for the disordered situation of transportation (sometimes). It's also because that you also have parents and children; meanwhile you also have times to be a child or an aging people. (3) Bell, for bus, is very important, especially for round-cycling bus(if 'really' being set and not broken). If you cannot hear it, please have some attempts; but, if causing by continuous talks with another passenger about some other issues regardless with your jobs, please try to stop... lives of passengers on this bus have all be grasped in your hand... (4) Please bring a good attitude to serve people on your bus and forget their social classes and identities (especially in a country run by principles of Marxism &amp; named for commons and when you can't make sure others' situations - such as whether or not someone has already pressed button of bell, but you didn't hear) and take care of your application of oral language and face expressions - at least, it's your job. Only a gentle smile can solve a conflict, shouting can only get back further louder shouting with anger, but nothing else. (5) About meanings of round-cycling bus: In my store of educational knowledge of transportation, round-cycling bus is designed for motivating the economic development of certain areas - tours to appreciate landscapes, short-distance working demands, local visits, local businesses, relaxing leisure and holiday joyfulness etc. Indeed, at the beginning, there were very small regions importing this type of buses. Then, with the economic development and openness, round-cycling bus became popular and common in some economically developing zones. Rather than this type, two-destinations &amp; each-stop bus was in tradition and  always normal usages for crows of people's daily running, which stopped in every station with no bell being set(or being set, but never being used), but for long-distance travelling across one city, from one to the other, or from city center to countryside , whose problems I have also pointed out in 13rd. They have different functional purposes and should be distinguishable.(2021 views: I still feel sorry to see the situation of 3 routine bus in Golden Pebble Beach of Dalian hasn't change any as a true round-circle bus it has planed, and also the bad attitude of its diver I came aross and his language... It's said China's Cloud-data counting way of new technologies can solve it that people will check their card twice-one for the beginning and the other for the end. When being out of a circle, the end one check will report 2 times of price. We are waiting...for commons) [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 16:39, 5 October 2021 (UTC) We knew the worldwide famous city-tour bus is London bus, which has already been one symbol of the city and has developed a systemic mechanism for various purposes (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buses_in_London). Someone may argue: Jason, you are joking, how can small local bus routines be compared with London Bus and this system - so higher standards; and, we are in China with some different conditions, limitations, local habits of behaviours and cultural customs. Yes, that's quite right. But, I tell you the truth: a big and advanced system, such as 'London specification' to meet specific London requirements' (as a world-wide international city), was also developed from local demands. Just in solving practical problems, dividing functional differences with the distinguishability, storing good developing factors, serving people with more humanities and conveniences (you can see: 'All these buses conform to the Disability discrimination act, and can accept passengers in wheelchairs and other mobility impaired passengers'- how this system did serve people in weak groups that we have no need to mention aging people, women with babies, students, or others etc. ), it can get hundreds years' developments without doubts. Indeed, some reasonable solutions have already been seeded in commons' minds - very sample to say: facing bells of bus, the reasonability deeply in minds has already taught us how, where and when to use, which could be seen as the self-willing of being civilized, being reasonable, being following principles, and really enjoying good-qualified life of own purposes. Without needs to mention whether or not certain driver is able to talk with passengers all the way for boring words towards their own careers and weak groups even ignoring others' bells, here, we can get a brief conclusion across cultures: Don't like, won't do; If like, fulfilling in; if lacking, improving it; if bettering, keeping fine; if boring, forgiving in. 
oh, Jason's life task has no enough time and energy applied in this field; and to be honest, after that event, several weeks' participant-observations were better than before - I can feel: on one bus, air-conditioning was opened in cold days for commons; on one bus, a group of aging people can enjoy their travelling; on one bus, bell can work again, etc. Those are good-qualities, please keep on ... Education should trust people's abilities of self-awareness, self-learning, and self-discipline that we can better. Education can give suggestions from various researching pathways but cannot make decisions of anyone. That's what my learning taught me. I prefer to leave a developing zone here for future ...

Maybe, Public transportation has great relationships with commons' daily life and can give a direct impression of how a city is going on. That is why I had wasted a huge paragraph in talking about some principles as common knowledge in educational purpose. I really don't want to be trapped in this case and some troubles outside computer. However, the reasonability of Education (so long time) taught me I needed to do. Indeed, 'The daily collections of Jason's Postmodernist Language' - this session was designed for collections of language's beauties and creations. The original purpose of it is for the accumulation of good-qualified writing materials and educating languages, with philosophical ideas, fashions of musical aesthetics, fine arts, and bilingually cultural elements.  
I am hopping: as the bettering situations of transportation around my living place, my languages will make a post-regression back to original beauties; and my attentions would be drawn back to what fields I should be in. For it, everyday, I am praying everyday.

15. Strongly condemning the terrorist attack occurring in Houses of Parliament in London today - March 23rd 2017, and also any other terrorist attacks (including Paris', Brussels's and all countries in modern civilization), and abusive &amp; Coward's behaviours and hurts towards commons: 
Life and health are the rights, being blessed by lord and given to all the people equally, without the differences of races, genders, ages. Whoever, if hurting them, are commons' enemies and should be blamed; whatever behaviours, if attempting to damage them or succeeding in doing so, should sin so many and be punished.
Let us prayer for peace and commons' security; meanwhile, mourn those brothers and sisters died in terrorist attacks!

16. Sir Debussy's great contribution to impressionism rooted in his application of impressionism to express impressionist imageries generalized from 'Mind-landscapes' which have already been there - another romantic bank. In brief, we can conclude it as ''''Impressionism only for Impressionism''''.  The later impressionism is a generalized definition adding his willing-landscapes abstracted upon certain real natural landscapes in experiences, dreaming scenes, societal events together with family members &amp; relatives, and most importantly - some emotional joyfulness and love's Neo-expressions, which can be post-tasted for long...
17. Oh, I suddenly found: currently, on some good platforms I was in, about Educational research for music, I have gotten deep senses of Wiki-family' creative powers in various aspects, including documents, comments, self-medias, diaries, images... in life and for commons learners. Depending on them, I can solve many problems easily. It's just about me - my own habits' cultivation and from my experiences, regardless with any unnecessary issues. I need say: thanks, I can be a member.

18. 'May, 30th, 2017' - today, it is the traditional folk festival '端午节' in Great China Area (Normal Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival]), as the remembrance of Patriotism poet &amp; musician (Folk Songs) - Qu Yuan (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu_Yuan]). From academic perspective, how can we make some senses of this 'cultural signal maker', and how can western friends deeply understand this master and his festival? Two branches of orientations - Western culture and Eastern culture gave me a comparison, which can transcendentalist taught us somethings from their similar natures - probably as a universal communication. When Qu Yuan came into my mind, another Patriotism Poet &amp; Musician from Western world was usually emerging too - Frédéric Chopin (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin]). If you ask me: how can I get this sense, I would firstly emphasize the appreciation of Qu yuan's great work - Li Sao (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Sao]).After being heard (language with Chu Ci music), your will find the deep impression - the sadness, madness and anger motivated up directly floating above head - would be harmonic with another piano work of Frédéric Chopin - 'Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (so-called Revolutionary)' in each of their series (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frederic_Chopin_-_Opus_10_-_Twelve_Grand_Etudes_-_c_minor.ogg]). Yes, they are under the similar emotional (personal) &amp; historical backgrounds and with the similar expressive mood-streams (even a little bit angry sometimes), for each of their own idealistic, peaceful, and dreaming countries but being going to die near-days, and for their deep loves of common peoples &amp; their lives, and were willing to save their nearly broken hearts from dangers and outside threats - yes, in their different eras, there would also have been suffering strong Terrorism attacks from outside (we can definite them as terrorism attacks, causing lots of innocent commons' lives were lost from anti-governments' powers rather than public's historical willing, which were all unblessed and unfair... especially some public harms and inhumanity they faced, from academy, would have already met the main characteristics of terrorism attacks) to damage local peoples' lives - so many people were killed from numberless wars... (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism]). Therefore, in commons' and so many generations' eyes following, they were heroes and their works can be called 'National works', and there should be some days annually ranged out from the respects. In another similarity, they all represented each different ideas from mother-tongue music traditions - 'their national characteristics' - Qu Yuan carried Chu Ci (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_Ci]) as the pattern for his artist innovation; while, Frédéric Chopin pushed Mazurek to the historical stage of world music; all for their loves of own countries. (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazurka]) Therefore, they can all be called 'Poetic masters in both language and music'; just, Qu Yuan was quite near politician &amp; philosopher, but Chopin was quite near musician &amp; romanticist. 
Furthermore, I have found another historical similarity in materialism: in order to make the remembrances of them, generations all applied the symbolic objects standing for their bodies into custom and culture. This point was hard to be understood. Let me make it clear: In Duan Wu Festival (Dragon Boat Festival), people living in Great China Area usually ate Zongzi (Wikipedia Introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi]) Do you know why it was done? After ' he committed suicide by wading into the Miluo River' - oh, he was so sad and angry about the death of his country, people was afraid of his body's destroy in the river by fish's bites. They researched out 'a traditional Chinese food made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo, reed, or other large flat leaves' (Wikipedia introduction: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongzi], 2017), which was made in the shape of body-liked diets, and if being thrown into the river, can attract fish's attentions away from Qu Yuan's body; thereby, his body can be alive and stored always in the river, as for the dependence of his spirit - to be a real river god. Oh, you can find it was also a romantic story merging into commons' customs for food and life. You knew, in traditional Chinese culture, if someone had made great contributions, commons would inductively research out one food of a festival in fairy legends, for deep respects and mind expressions. This was for their material's (body's ) immortal lasting. Very interesting, I found 'Chopin's death mask and a cast of his left hand' and 'Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850' (Wikipedia introduction:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin], 2017) were also represented people's loves, respects, and remembrances of their lives through carving, protecting or storing parts of their bodies. In some degrees, their lives and spirits were still existing in 'Mind-Independence worlds' of our civilizations through enjoyable festivals and customs, on paper and in music multiscript, and in patriotic expressions and poetic romanticism. 
Tonight of this festival, I was quietly sight-reading them - their minds upon words, and read out the same hot-beating heart, the independent judgement of societal bad &amp; good and universal reasonability, a good willing from our pasted academic masters and intelligences, and the interactive loves from commons in our common root of customs and cultures. Now, on this commercial and changing-lot earth, please try to keep them, for bettering human beings' future.

19. Taking a glance, 2017's hot summer has been arrived. Very happy, Round-channeling bus, I mentioned before, can be in a real cycle with so many landscapes; and some situations of transportation have also and almost modified. Take an example: Near my home, I can also see some endeavors (not being totally solved) have been applied, such as facilities (barriers and separated areas)for keeping emergency Exit throughout and cars' parking in order, though it is really a complicated system and the effect is waiting to be tested. The situation of crowed bus has also been modified in certain degree, by adding some seats from back-place (In this case, I can see some experiments have been applied in terms of whether seats should be added in front, in the middle or at back. Finally, almost being at back was a good way.) But, sometimes, it was still crowed, and choosing different ways would be a good choice. You knew, soooo many people. After reviewing most of my life in this period, I decided to make a Consciousness Stream for summarizing my fuzzing impressions and beauties in this period. Meanwhile, I would like to visualize them through my eyes and technologies. As a result: it came out in self-educational views -

'Where to begin this visualized journey? Where could I have myself extracted from various ends of a life thread-ball and wrote down something for a quite brilliant and rather graceful, but still with 'deepest blue dropping lightest grey' summer of my 2017? A monologue, or a self-dialogue with someone unknown in universe, or an implicit symbolization representing lots of life indications, or projections from two mirrors to numberless futures... should land to a super-ego behaviour that I made over my abilities:Pushing against the wall of a strong cable-bridge's Pier (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_(architecture); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Bridge) just above water-ground in sea's middle,  water then was soon raising up to one to two buildings' height beyond your head, and a huge eddy (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) ; you knew, Cable Bridge's pier, in sea, can be thought as  'large emergent rocks' presenting this fluid dynamics ), swirling water around you, was forming out.  It's several minutes that you lost yourself in it,  and just were watching light blue water under sunshine penetrating your soul, as if your tomb will be closed in a core lonely darkness out of sight-focus from this purified colour. (I cannot directly express this feeling in my photography portfolio, owing to no camera in my hands at that moment. But, the middle downstairs photo was made in another time when I was passing by that cable bridge and watching the far beach I was right swimming from... Combined with other water colours in this photography portfolio, we can try to make some senses ...)As in order, then, a hope of resurrection emerging from your mind and from the nature of your physics. Breaststroke,(Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaststroke), out of my unconsciousness, automatically pick me up from that dive depth. My mind began a argument about which gesture was better for Swift water rescue in Whitewater areas(Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_water_rescue; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewater). Absolutely, my stance was on Breaststroke, because of my personal problems - my nature turned to this one freely and I didn't like so competitive swimming ways. Meanwhile, I thought self swift water rescue - this activity met my tendency that it needed people to keep themselves safe in water, rather than completive purposes. Furthermore, tell you a small secret of my self-training: It's two more years since I began to research some inputs of Tai chi thinking elements, such as self-making an energy ball through water, presenting a &quot;white crane spreading its wings&quot; in water, imitating with a 'merman's jumping', and walking out a 'octopus' wandering', rushing out a 'Tiger's mountain down-climbing'... into the modifications of traditional competitive ways, for self-rescuing and self-appreciations in life. I found 'frog's breaststroke' and 'whale's Backstroke' (It's another story that we can try to apply whale's 'arms-switching' , breathing rhythm and 'frog's up-wards legs' to transform backstroke. It has the possibilities to carry more nature elements. And, you can also make it in the similarity with personally moving a boating machine -in gyms- by arms, I thought) were much easier to be divided (elements), re-composed, transformed and reused by Tai Chi philosophy.By thinking of those special gestures, alongside Jason's automatic 'frog-kick', I was suddenly left into an imaginational world full of sea creatures from the deep sea beneath my face. You can see, a huge red-mouth-opening frog, a giant octopus and my aunt's eating-crab were externalized out of Jason's mind, appearing in the middle-up corner of this photography portfolio, as in the nightmare. Regarding with more documentary researches and discussions of Sea Monsters &amp; Hell, I has already presented in my comments of 'Chinese encyclopedias of Strange things'' in the analysing article of  'Dream Of the Red Chamber' (Portal: Chinese literature: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Chinese_literature). Thinking of those, a deep fear got out from the bottom of my heart. I told myself: 'Jason, hurry up, move faster, get away from this area...'After swimming to the beach, I found I was born from water, to enjoy a presenting life on both virtualized and realized birthday, with my family members and friend. Under the blue sky, it's only your family members - your parents, your relatives... who will never give up you, and would like to hold some birthday parties for you; and by together, you can eat some feasts with. Thinking here, in my imaginational world, a whole seaside was bombed out by many Beach Tents and people's smiling faces. As if, they were all together celebrating my birthday. You can see: It was real that in the middle corner of this portfolio's left side, there were a celebrating scene composed by many beach tents throughout woods. 'Jason, please don't say those mad words to anyone else! It's dangerous on earth, rather than on Mars. there was no relationships between other people's holiday-happiness and your birthday party. You should understand. Yet, if you told it to anyone, you will be sent to Well-being Centre...'  Every time, mother would feel angry and cry out...  'But, this time, there should be some relationships between my birth and universe's collective joyfulness... Yet, how lonely we came to this earth...' Every time, I would argue words as so... finally, a quarrel or in silence, we made a choice together... ''Bingo...'  However, in this year, My small aunt and big uncle's visitations made my birthday hasn't been so boring. Eating self-helped Western Steaks in this birthday feast (Wikipedia introduction:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steak) was what event motivating my mood to a magic level. Yes, I had also eaten some traditional Sichuan Cuisines, as regularly on birthday. (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine)  . To be honest, in my Trinity Postmodernism philosophy, I really didn't know whether it carries some relationships - myself, with international conditions, or universal organizations - it's said China had imported many beef meats from America at that time. I meant it.'  'Don't say those mad words !' Mother's logics... Oh, okay, no matter how, as a common's lonely Educational Researcher, I felt happy to bury myself under those joyful noises surrounded by my family members and friend. At least, I was in a virtualized&amp; realized group, and couldn't never be given up by human beings...Following it, please pay more attentions to those blue mussels (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_mussel) besides my Cross Birthday picture on the left top. They were picked up from one of my swimming beach, which made me feel happy to see the ecological friendship with Nature, rather than merely in mouth tastes.  And then, on the right top corner of this photography portfolio, Jason has been dreaming himself into a blue outlook for future: currently, the Open Day of Sea Agriculture is coming. Many fishing boats in North Pacific Ocean were waiting to ship themselves out for seafood. As an educational observer, I was praying Lord in Nature would bless them good lucks!  Finally, a consciousness-streaming channel has broken out throughout the axis of this photography portfolio. It's a 'Ironman' composed by Metro &amp; Railway system dug out of this visualization, to a further brightness. It's also said it could be connected with City International Airport, directly from my home doorway, to anywhere on this earth... It would still need some time to re-adjust situations... But, before moving to Mars from this life... there will be still sometime that I can wait... wait for our relationships (even a little bit with the universe)  can be fixed, or wait someone's coming into my visualized &amp; realized LIFE... or wait for nothing but only waiting... IN  a WIKI-Consciousness Stream of a never-ended hot summer2017' 
'''(Notice: Words referenced from WIKIMEDIA COMMONS for Educational Purpose in Wikiversity)'''

20. About the attitude of kids' or young teenagers' piano-practices: This topic was also a hardly-talked and easily-ignored one with many arguments. In very brief and normally, piano-learning should be from a kid's nature, rather than being required by or being forced to by their parents. 'Nature' means: when hearing sounds, you feel happy rather than painful; when touching keyboard, your heart is comfortable, rather than worry; while some problems are existing, you have the willing to solve and don't want to easily give up; When it is a long period you haven't met it, you will miss piano very much; and when it comes to your responsibility, you should bravely take. And, this learn was as one of your own matters, regardless with fame, money, competition, relationship, or other unnecessary factors (About this point, I would like to say more: some people argued that playing piano should bring those unnecessary factors your mentioned, Jason. Yet, in a commercialism reality, without them, do you think still some people would like to play it? Friends, I tell you the truth: they should in a good order that the primary thing you play piano should be for your nature - your interest and love; then, others would follow you nature and as some beautiful supplements surrounding making your experiences much happier. Therefore, it's not to say I play piano for money, fame, relationship, competition...; then, I have to cultivate my interests and my love from nature... If making it of an inversion, you will find the procedure of piano-practices is rather painful and boring.) Some parents might argue that: Jason, how could we see whether or not our kids have this ''''nature'''' you mentioned? 
* Firstly, at very earlier time (maybe 1-3 years old; here, you can review some exact knowledge and timetable from infant perception, such as hearing; Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology#Lifespan_development; but please don't make it so mechanized, and just see him or her, after hearing some pieces of significantly emotional music, can smile or feel unhappy, and his or her movements, sometimes, can make according to the rhythm, and even, when touching piano keyboard he or she can show the curiosity and interest for a lasting time of attention...) 
* Secondly, alongside his or her growth, you will find his or her games appearing more elements from music and keyboard-touching (3-5 years old). 
* Thirdly, when you have a try suggesting him or her to learn piano, he or she show great interests;
* And when it comes to some tasks of practices and even challenges teachers would give, they can stay besides piano to research and explore some possible solutions and show his or her endurance for a long time... Yes, no matter what situations results will be like, he or she can show the willing and the endurance upon time. Congratulation! Till now, he or she is a good piano learner. 
Some kids told me: little uncle Jason, I really '''love piano''' very much, even in one day I cannot be apart from thinking of it...But, my dear, what is the love of piano? please don't say 'love', just 'to like'. Just in thinking, without playing? 
In one week's interval, 
if you don't want to pay even more than one hour's time for training your hands flexibly according to some tasks' requirements; 
and if as from traditions of piano family-tutorials since Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin and Debussy's times, you even didn't want to take your responsibilities to pay the basic tutoring fee, didn't want to say anything clearly or later it for more than 5 times until the next time as if nothing has happened that you only need to pay the next 5 times, or make some plots on purpose to miss it in each time, such as forgetting recording notebook, writing on another sheet &amp; then losing it in next time,  as if fooling your tutor, until your tutors' endurance really cannot hold on it anymore 
(If you have some problems in the reality, please say things clearly to your tutors by seeking a secret time as you know or I know, and if helps I can give, based on my all-inclusive educational perspective, I must research out a solution. Indeed, just focusing on piano tasks, I added lots of extra time following each session for problems-solving and asking questions of your piano practices and showing out effective solutions, if needed... Therefore, please make your attentions just on knowledge and skills, and don't waste your wisdoms on how I can set out your responsibilities. If for money, making good usages of your tutor is better than wasting time to think of avoiding fees. Please thinking like that: if I can learn 2 sessions' content in only one session, show my giftedness out to my tutor and get senses of achievements from learning,  will I have save much money for my family? You knew, you tutor also needs to survive!); 
and right in tutorial, if you even didn't want to focus all your attentions on piano learnings, but thought of other things projected from your eyes-touching, and showed very lazy movements on some locations and very slow responses, but required by your tutor's instructions and guides;
how could you say you '''love piano'''? 
Oh, my dears, you knew, the interactions between you and your tutors, if being motivated out and sustaining well, are beneficial for both your learning and your teacher's teaching. If recycling well, it will also be very funny and constructive for your developments that some interesting games, activities, solo parties, realia-explorations, visualizations (painting together), language descriptions and even visitations to some landscapes can all be magically organized, which were what I continuously learnt from British Council. And, every piano teacher also has his or her own magic to make classroom funny, if he or she feels happy to teach. Without interactive motivations, without a interest, and even a small respect as to your classmate (Western world) or to your own parents (Eastern world), how can things be good for you?
By sending those words above to my field, what my purpose was for a good wish that someday we (tutors and kids) could really join together as peers to touch beauties of fine arts, without any unnecessary desires and only for a true heart from nature. Till then, you will find what a beautiful world piano in music will be...Thanks!


'''21. Case study in Appealing: From this page https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jason_M._C.,_Han, which I used in Wikimedia Commons, we can see the list proved some individuals have plotted for long time (Yet, it cannot make out a so detailed list with many visualizations and sounds used in Wikiversity) to against formal and good purposes in educational views. Otherwise, it cannot be so detailed. But, those educational designs were made for more kids' learning of piano through their watching, listening and reading... I felt sad and confused very much. You knew, I had a dream that one day, if there were internet in any corner, our next generations can all enjoy equal rights to watch some beautiful learning materials and make some arrangements for teaching and learning. What I applied were my most beautiful languages in English and piano techniques since my 4 years old learning which I could write. I didn't want their disappearance, but I really disliked those people who, I don't know why, plotted to delete others' contributions...without caring about their reasons.It would be from nature... You knew, I even live on those materials and put all I can give from my life as action plans, life tests, participant-observations, and visualizations of Wiki-knowledges. If some individuals didn't understand some future learning styles, they can ask and discuss with me... But, why?  I really didn't know how to deal with this terrible issue. This place was a peaceful one I felt comfortable to appeal. Hopefully it will be fine...  Thanks'''

22. Case study in Appealing: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globalized_impression_of_London.JPG
Sorry, I had to use this type of reference, owing to my ability influenced by emotion, currently. I didn't want to do somethings out of control. 
You knew, this type of Photography Portfolio has described my heart-road with poem-liked languages and translations to meet those requirements of postmodernist Fine art's teaching and learning in globalized visualization. (I tried my best to think out and make in learners' most familiar formations - Words and PPT)
Inductively say: in my eyes, it was so beautiful recording my travelling through that great city. Though I wasn't a famous person but a small common,  my eyes with curiosities about different cultures lighted my ways throughout that city to the higher gracefulness of its architecture. It was also like music spring flowing throughout my thinking and learning. And also, I applied most beautiful words I can think out in Chinese language to describe what happened in my minds. All energies and time I all applied into thinking those educational 'heart-road painting' and sometimes their reflections in music. But currently, it faced dangers that it might &amp; will be deleted (Sorry, in this condition, my languages heard would be broken functioned by emotional changes) I really didn't want its disappearance, as in one of my beautiful memorized trips. 
Similar situations would also happen in those pictures:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2017_Spring_Impression_-_Butterfly.pdf
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Cherry_Blossom_Festival_of_L%C3%BCshunkou_in_Dalian.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metiral-way_in_Jason%27s_life.gif
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impressions_of_West_Lake_for_further_usages_in_Education_-1.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impressions_of_West_Lake_for_further_usages_in_Education_-8.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impressions_of_West_Lake_for_further_usages_in_Education_-7.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impressions_of_West_Lake_for_further_usages_in_Education_-5.jpg
Someone might say: Jason, they included some your individual or even private life fashions.
Yes, peers, they can be seen as one teaching &amp; learning way applying personal senses of life to participant-observe knowledge's applications in life practices and their variously expressive forms. By collecting all points of beauties, we can teach our learners in fine arts and ourselves how to appreciate landscapes and cultivate our own positive moods in lives. You knew, in our world, there was even no one historical event, great architecture, pieces of colourful music and paintings can get away from commons' personal endeavors of aesthetics (our senses). Sometimes, they were in pictures, sometimes they were in dynamics (a moving procedure with loudness and lightness), and sometimes, they were hidden behind. Without those, it seems salt is without salty and bodies without souls, especially in education. We need to teach someone somethings. It is better that we put ourselves in it, to feel and to think. Without them, how can we say we are teaching commons, as who we ourselves are? I think some people usually made me like a gun, and foolish (clever) me usually was used. But, please trust me, my heart was kind... Oh, so many words and... pains in memories. So tired... Hopefully, my explanations can make some people re-think of and understand those issues...
===== Editing -: Words for 2018 from Spring Festival =====
23. '''Processing a Spring Festival in Lucky Dog Year'''
* [[Portal: 2018 Spring Festival|To spend the Spring Festival of Lucky Dog Year]]
Comment: Now, to think...how great that spring festival was! Unless, who can expect the coming of COVID-19? Who can?

===== Editing -: Words for 2021 COVID-19 Recovery Time =====
24. No matter what type of piano Grade Tests, a pupil's ability should be matching with the grade level signed on the certificate he or she got...It records how much endurance he or she had paid on this interest, and the achievement he or she gained depending on his or her own endurance, rather than any other unnecessary or different ways...That's the meaning. I thought in COVID 19-Recovery time we should also emphasizes this point for the positive power and health of this field.

=== Supplements: ===

'''1. For the 10th case:'''
A small summary and Further talk of 10th case in Educational way:
Some standards were not made by only one person but from long-time daily educational practices, and then documentary summaried in Wikipedia. The root should be from commons. Therefore, We need to respect some basic impressionism techniques, skills, hand-abilities' trainings, the teachers and young teenagers' hard-working for many years. Without these respects, experts cannot be called experts and freedom will be lost. Meanwhile, Talk place is for commons and with freedom voices. Please don't damage it. Peace and freedom are existing when others treated you with them. No one wants to lose them. Thinking about it, if formal article don't let commons express their ideas, and talk place lose its freedom, commons will be away from Wikipedia. That's a very terrible future vision. Entrance-door-stone has already been put into our hands, which just depended on what you are thinking and how you are thinking.  If you change your minds to think it as a good way to motivate much beatiful moonlight's silvery coming and further studies, it was also going to be. '''If we have enough time and energy, please put them into researching a further and perfect version of Moonlight, then push it out into the formal article neibouring. Talk place is free for commons.''' This is also said to myself.

'''2. For the 20th case:'''
Good attitudes and characteristics of a life-long piano-learner:
He or she should -
(1) have a sincere attitude and long-lasting willing for exploring new things;
(2) have a desire of accepting more techniques and knowledge points in piano and music;
(3) not feel bored in repeatedly trainings, but with great curiosities in discovering new improvements in each time;
(4) have a positive heart of aesthetics about the coordination of exercises and rests;
(5) work hard and critical think of every question, for problem-solving and lacks' fulfilling;
(6) Challenge authorities and prove ourselves by one life's time;
(7) seek and create possible chances for performances and not give up plays;
(8) not fear about each time of failure and dare to correct self-mistakes and others' mistakes honestly;
(9) have strong self-discipline - when one day comes that no one give you requirements, you can give yourselves some standards in single learning and teaching;
(10)attempt to save yourselves from troubles, and always willing to give people feelings of beauties 
  '''3. For Sir Bach's Reasonability mentioned in English-Suites Analysis above:'''
Recently, I have read some books said: Compared with music form before, Baroque music is like 'Extremely &amp;Dramatically Collected Emotions'. How to understand this question? Not all...in a larger view including the following some styles, many of Baches are actually like 'The Self-being Reasonability of Externalizating Emotional Fields'. I would use some real scences and educational pieces to explain it.([[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 02:00, 1 May 2020 (UTC))

[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|talk]]) 01:04, 17 October 2016 (UTC) &lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 00:56, 17 October 2016 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;!--Autosigned by SineBot--&gt;
Silver moonlight upon nightroad, is the love freely given from heaven, to all the commons. Debussy has found its beauties with France style romantics. Then, he contributed this impression to peoples all round the worlds. In my opinion, the very important things are love itself and peace itself. Let us try to understand more!
[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|talk]]) 01:43, 17 October 2016 (UTC)

'''2.Case study from Jason's language -2021:'''
I am surely about all what I have talked about. Now,some have been modified and progressing to be better...But, we all know the difficulty of COVID-19 Time...
One thing I need to ask a overall question:
Could the pure world of music wandering for long (free and beautiful) make the communication with the reality? To make sure a true heart in music? And to make the likely people together? To overcome the hardness of the real life-time? And to be helpful and  understandable for the hearted someone between each other and their common life-going?
[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 13:47, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

== The never-ended Postmodernist concluding ==
=== Report of Binary piano-teaching 2019 Wiki-conclusion for the attendance of World Teachers' Day Web Conference in British Council collaboration with IATEFL (article storage) ===
In recent several days, '2019 World Teachers' Day web conference' is coming soon. Time, here, is better to conclude the road having been walking on for many years, what good particularly happened this year,  and further suggest to future. In the consideration of so above, my report is shown as below:
1. English, as my daily tool of 'knowledge &amp; Skills-Acquiescence and Information-Seeking of piano, has already associated me make the teaching-arrangement and write the framework of teaching materials and the total curriculum. Academic journals, news, Wikipedia-searching, and documentaries... have already been the main approaches... Take an example, as a member of Wiki-family, in my main research-blog (portal) page: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Jason_M._C.,_Han , the main approach of knowledge-identification &amp; pedagogy-planing are 'English-seeking through Wikipedia, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Commons... Afterwards, materials and ideas were integrated, through the critical thinking skills,  with my past teaching &amp; learning experiences of Piano (from childhood). Furthermore, practising actions were drawn out to guide my daily lessons for 'Piano-kids'.
2. Teaching self-reflexivity, comments and assessment-conclusions can also be found in the link above, which fixed my family-based piano-training methodology up.
3. In piano field, making personal 'Performing-works Show' is always a great way to assess teaching results and present people's 'Artist fashion'.  In these many years, how is mine working for myself and students?  Through sound-images making,  photography and English description... Take an example for this procedure, there are some collected single Work-Show pages - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMM_Good_classroom_F_major_1838_Grande_valse_brillante.ogg https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AUnder_the_sunshine_-_Kim_Hui_1st_draft.ogg  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADove_in_the_eyes_of_Young_Teenager_girl_Xinyi%2C_Hua.ogg  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ASure%2C_Ma's_Version_of_'Turkish_March'_in_piano_classroom_for_piano_education.ogg  Firstly, after getting the best performing works, I shared my credits to help those 'piano kids' to get the submitting license (Non-profit and Creative Commons from the originality) - 'single page', and make the very careful descriptions of classroom-training procedure (through participant-observation). Following, after many years' accumulation and growth, a whole English educational portal (Platform) can be founded, as shown: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Piano-kids%27_Corner_from_classroom_and_virtually_online Together with the photography, piano-kids' most beautiful moments of the real classroom progress were virturally but vividly shown in front of us, which have been also motivating them to continuously improve in their 'Piano-Life' to future... Give great thanks to Wikiversity who have pushed up this type of my portals - in this year as News for the promotion for many years among native speakers and experts for many times (almost 7 to 8 times).
4. In this year - 2019, I found a fresh way to present what I knew regarding with the classical music, piano and many brilliant composers in list... -  Holding Library Salon-Presentation &amp; Concert. Through many English-seeking approaches in encyclopedia, notation sight-reading and library-notebooking (Chinese and English language)... (Shown as the first point above), primarily, I got information and knowledge of those masters. Then after, through information-processing, I joined them with my own piano-growth road in the memories, and 'thread those beautiful pearls into a whole necklace' (what my thinking skills' professor taught me). Finally, after another many times' rehearsing, I can present my heart-roads of those masters in a beautiful Musical  Library in Dalian. Indeed, this 'fashion' experienced many times' translations, ideas-switching and presentations, which tested a teacher's level greatly. These several photos showed this procedure: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Presenting_Mozart-Forever_in_Dalian_Library.jpg  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Local_library_presentation_(Dalian)_of_Beethoven%27s_life_and_Moonlight_Sonata_in_bilingualism.jpghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jason%27s_Presentation_of_Mozart_in_Dalian_Library_(Local)_-_Series_3rd.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jason%27s_Presentation_of_Mozart_in_Dalian_Library_(Local)_-_Series_2nd.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Local_library_presentation_(Dalian)_of_Beethoven%27s_life_and_Moonlight_Sonata_in_bilingualism.jpg
Now, '2019 World Teachers' Day web conference' is coming soon. It's a beautiful and relax day for teachers all around the world. In this global conference, we can share, enjoy and developing our teaching skills. Professional experts in our fields can also give us some suggestions for future. Hopefully, young teachers and teachers with 'never-aging' hearts can all come together, in which hand in hand, we are brothering and sistering each other, with love and friendship! O(∩_∩)O

=== Final Words! ===

In order to realize this dream, let us collect, test, grow, create, and evaluate Postmodern Knowledge (even very small) every day!
Here,
It's your time to accept knowledge and contribute your own knowledge in your own channel!

Sincerely Regards
Best wishes

[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 06:02, 4 April 2016 (UTC) Jason M. C., Han

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>2hg8swwcq2dfy9r1ldcyw4ou5v27v34</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Email</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216142</id>
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      <id>2693926</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-12-31T19:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lbeaumont</username>
        <id>278565</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Resources */ Added Migrating to a new email account</comment>
      <origin>2693926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="563" sha1="pgk3f3r0nhuxmn9886moet3z7zn443f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:2016-03-22-trojita-home.png|right|200px|Email client example]]
[[File:(at).svg|right|50px|At sign]]

Electronic mail is a method of exchanging digital messages between computer users.&lt;ref&gt;[[Wikipedia: Email]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Resources ==
* [[Computer Skills/Basic/Email]]
* [[Computer Skills/Intermediate/Email]]
* [[Internet Fundamentals/Email]]
* [[Web 2.0 for Professional Use/E-Mail]]
* [[Email Checklist]]
* [[Migrating to a new email account]]

== See Also ==
* [[Wikipedia: Email]]
* [[:Category:Email]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Email| ]]</text>
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    <title>Evidence-based assessment/Instruments/Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test</title>
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        <username>Yinuo May Liu</username>
        <id>2995206</id>
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      <comment>add reliability table</comment>
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{{wikipedia2| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test}}
The '''Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)''' is a ten-question test developed by a World Health Organization-sponsored collaborative project to determine if a person may be at risk for alcohol abuse problems &lt;ref name=Saunders1993&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Saunders|first1=JB|last2=Aasland|first2=OG|first3=Babor|last3=TF|last4=de la Fuente|first4=JR|last5=Grant|first5=M|title=Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT):WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption 1. |journal=Addiction |date=1993 |volume=88 |issue=12 |pages=791–804 |doi=10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x|pmid=8329970}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The test was designed to be used internationally, and was validated in a study drawing patients from six countries &lt;ref name=Saunders1993 /&gt;. It performs well in medical settings like primary health care, outpatient settings, and hospital units &lt;ref&gt; Bohn, MJ; Babor, TF; Kranzler, HR. (July, 1995). &quot;The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): validation of a screening instrument for use in medical settings&quot;. ''Journal of studies on alcohol'', '''56''' (4), 423-432. [[doi:10.15288/jsa.1995.56.423]]&lt;/ref&gt;.

The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C) is a 3-question screening test for problem drinking used frequently in primary care settings &lt;ref&gt; Bush, K; Kivlahan, DR; McDonell, MB; Fihn, SD; Bradley, KA; Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project. (September, 1998). &quot;The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking&quot;. ''Archives of internal medicine'', '''158''' (16):1789-1795. [[doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

==Psychometrics==
===Reliability===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Evaluation for norms and reliability for the AUDIT
! Criterion !! Rating (adequate, good, excellent) !! Explanation with references
|-
| Norms || Good || Multiple studies tested AUDIT for possible sex&lt;ref&gt;Cherpitel, CJ. (January, 1995). &quot;Analysis of cut points for screening instruments for alcohol problems in the emergency room.&quot;. ''Journal of studies on alcohol'', '''56''' (6): 695-700.&lt;/ref&gt;, ethnic&lt;ref&gt;Cherpitel, CJ. (1998). &quot;Differences in performance of screening instruments for problem drinking among blacks, whites and Hispanics in an emergency room population.&quot;. ''Journal of Studies on Alcohol'', '''59''' (4): 420-426.&lt;/ref&gt;, and age&lt;ref&gt;Foster, AI; Blondell, RD; Looney, SW. (March, 1997). &quot;The practicality of using the SMAST and AUDIT to screen for alcoholism among adolescents in an urban private family practice.&quot;. ''The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association'', '''95''' (3): 105-107.&lt;/ref&gt; differences
|-
| Internal consistency || Good || A review of 18 studies reported a median Cronbach's alpha of 0.8&lt;ref name=Reinert2002&gt;Reinert, DF; Allen, JP. (April, 2002). &quot;The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): a review of recent research.&quot;. ''Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research'', '''26''' (2): 272-279.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Test-retest reliability || Good || r = 0.81 among 126 primary care patients over 6 weeks&lt;ref name=Daeppen2000&gt;Daeppen, JB; Yersin, B; Landry, U; Pécoud, A; Decrey, H. (April, 2000). &quot;Reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) imbedded within a general health risk screening questionnaire: results of a survey in 332 primary care patients.&quot;. ''Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research'', '''24''' (5): 659-665.&lt;/ref&gt;; 69% to 89% of subjects fall into the same category after 6-week interval&lt;ref name= Daeppen2000/&gt;
|-
| Inter-rater reliability || Not applicable || Self-report instrument
|}

== Scoring and interpretation ==
Scoring the AUDIT is based on a 0-4 point scale. Six of the ten questions ask about the frequency of certain alcohol abuse behaviors and are scored by the following responses:
* '''0 points:''' &quot;Never&quot;
* '''1 point:''' &quot;Less than monthly&quot;
* '''2 points:''' &quot;Monthly&quot;
* '''3 points:''' &quot;Weekly&quot;
* '''4 points:''' &quot;Daily, or almost daily&quot;
The other four questions vary in participant response choice but are scored on a 0-4 point scale.

=== Item breakdown ===
The questions measure different domains of alcohol consumption problems. The breakdown is as follows:
* '''1-3''': Measure frequency in alcohol consumption
* '''4-6''': Measure alcohol dependence
* '''7-10''': Measure alcohol related problems

=== Interpretation of scores ===
In order to score the AUDIT, point values of each answer choice are summed together and then interpreted based on the following criteria.
* A score of 8 or more in men (7 in women) indicates a strong likelihood of hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption.
* A score of 20 or more is suggestive of alcohol dependence (although some authors quote scores of more than 13 in women and 15 in men as indicating likely dependence).&lt;ref&gt;[http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care], second edition, by Thomas F. Babor, John C. Higgins-Biddle, John B. Saunders, and Maristela G. Monteiro.  Retrieved June 24, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

== External links ==
* [http://effectivechildtherapy.org/concerns-symptoms-disorders/disorders/drug-and-alcohol-abuse/ EffectiveChildTherapy.Org information on Substance Abuse]
* [https://sccap53.org Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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! To say !! Say
|-
| Hello || (assalamu alaikum) - used by Muslims (nomoshkar) - used by Hindus
|-
| Are you good? || Bhala aso ni?
|-
| Welcome || tik asi
|-
| Congratulations || Mubarak
|-
| Happy Anniversary || Shaadi Mubarak
|-
| Goodbye || Allah hafiz 
|-
| Good morning || Biantubala Mubarak
|-
| Good afternoon || Madan bala mubarak
|-
| Good Evening || Hainja mubarak
|-
| Good Night || Rait mubarak
|-
| See you again || Abar dekha oibo 
|-
| Excuse me || Maaf karba
|-
| Pardon me || Maaf khorione
|-
| Thank you || Dhoinnobad
|-
| Thanks a lot || Shukriya
|-
| Please || Doya khori
|-
| Nice to meet you. || Afnar loge forisito oiya khushi oilam
|-
| I am good || Ami Bhala asi
|-
| Yes || oy
|-
| No || naa
|-
| I don't understand [what you are saying] || [Afne kita khoisoin] ami buztam farsi na
|-
| Repeat please || Abar khoin/ Arokhbar khoin
|-
| Speak [a bit] slowly please || [ThuRa] aste khoin
|-
| I can't speak Sylheti || Ami Sylheti mattam fari na
|-
| I can't speak Sylheti very well || Ami bhala kori Sylheti mattam fari na
|-
| Do you speak English? || Afne Inglish matta faroin ni?
|}

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  <page>
    <title>Social Victorians/People/Bourke</title>
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        <username>Scogdill</username>
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      <text bytes="62693" sha1="b8ydmlc2vt3lbzl6xt7xvm6a8ln8xax" xml:space="preserve">==Also Known As==
* Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&amp;oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Hon. Algernon Bourke
* Mrs. Guendoline Bourke
* Lady Florence Bourke
* See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father.

== Overview ==
Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;1911 England Census.&lt;/ref&gt; he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. Because he was the son of an Earl, perhaps, or perhaps because he was so involved in projects that got reported on, he was mentioned a great deal in the newspapers, but after his bankruptcy, he seems to have receded in prominence, in part because he was living outside of the U.K.

Mrs. Guendoline Bourke was a noted horsewoman and an excellent shot, exhibited at dog shows successfully and was &quot;an appreciative listener to good music.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Vanity Fair.&quot; ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.&lt;/ref&gt; She was reported as attending many social events without her husband, especially into the 20th century, usually with a quick description of what she wore. Unlike her husband's, Guendoline's social status seems to have risen as time passed, and she appears in stories associated with the Princess of Wales, and then later with Queen Alexandra.

The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon Bourke, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl, who would normally be accorded the honorific of ''Honorable''.

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==

=== Algernon Bourke ===

* [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], &quot;one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;&quot;Metropolitan Notes.&quot; ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her &quot;legal advisor&quot; on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Metropolitan Notes.&quot; ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Guendoline Bourke ===

* Lord and Lady Alington, Belvedere House, Scarborough

== Organizations ==

=== Guendoline Bourke ===

* Member, the Ladies Committee for the Prince's Skating Club, which also included [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Duchess of Argyll), the [[Social Victorians/People/Portland|Duchess of Portland]], [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]], [[Social Victorians/People/Campbell|Lady Archibald Campbell]], [[Social Victorians/People/Ribblesdale|Lady Ribblesdale]], and [[Social Victorians/People/Asquith|Mrs. Asquith]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;&quot;What the 'World' Says.&quot; ''Northwich Guardian'' 01 November 1902, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001975/19021101/134/0006. Print title: The ''Guardian'', p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt; (1902, at least)

=== Algernon Bourke ===
* Eton
* Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Conservative Party
* 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act
* 1885: Office of the 7th Surrey Rifles Regiment&lt;ref&gt;&quot;7th Surrey Rifles.&quot; ''South London Press'' 08 August 1885, Saturday: 12 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18850808/165/0012. Print p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford
* Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, &quot;that well-known firm of stockbrokers&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ( – 1901 [at least])
* White's gentleman's club, St. James's,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.&lt;/ref&gt; Manager (1897)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Side Lights on Drinking.&quot; ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Willis's Rooms&lt;blockquote&gt;... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lenten Dullness.&quot; ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Boards of Directors ====
*1883: One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.&lt;/ref&gt;
*1891: One of the founders, the Discount Banking Company, Ltd., which says Algernon Bourke is a director of District Messenger Services and News Company, Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Public Company.&quot; ''Nottingham Journal'' 31 October 1891, Saturday: 4 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001896/18911031/099/0004. Print title: ''The Nottingham Daily Express'', p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;
*1894: One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Frozen Lake, Limited.&quot; ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Committees ====

*Member, Men's Committee of the Prince's Skating Club, which also included Lord Edward Cecil, Lord Redesdale, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Lyttelton|Alfred Lyttelton]], Sir Edgar Vincent, Sir William Hart Dyke, and Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Grenfell|W. H. Grenfell]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (1902, at least)
*[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#25 March 1896, Wednesday|The Sala Memorial Fund]], member of the committee (from 25 March 1896)
* Member of an &quot;influential committee&quot; headed by the Lord Mayor &quot;to restore salmon to the Thames&quot; (June 1899)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Salmon in the Thames.&quot; ''Berks and Oxon Advertiser'' 30 June 1899, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002298/18990630/079/0005. Print n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Timeline ==
'''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a &quot;convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.&lt;/ref&gt; The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old.

'''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge.&quot; ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1881 May 10, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#1881 May 10, Tuesday|wedding of Marion Lascelles, eldest daughter of the Hon. Egremont W. Lascelles, brother of the Earl of Harewood, and Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst, of the Second Life Guards, nephew of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, of Swithamley Park, Macclesfield]]. His gift was an &quot;old enamelled watch set in pearls.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst.&quot; ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive''https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the &quot;Rochester Conservatives&quot; announced that they would &quot;bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Election Intelligence.&quot; ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.&lt;/ref&gt; but because he could not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rochester.&quot; London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's &quot;thought-reading&quot; experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This &quot;experiment&quot; took place before a fashionable audience.

'''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South London Candidates.&quot; ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt; The Liberal candidate, who won, was Mr. J. F. Moulton.

'''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo.&quot; ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#8 September 1886, Wednesday|a &quot;trial-rehearsal&quot; as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports.

'''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: &quot;His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Chippenham.&quot; ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1887 December 15''', Hon. Algernon Bourke and Guendoline Stanley were married at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of &quot;the recent death of a near relative of the bride.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Court Circular.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;&quot;Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,&lt;blockquote&gt;LONDON GOSSIP.

(From the ''World''.)

The marriage of &quot;Mr. Manton&quot; was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. &quot;Harry&quot; Milner (familiarly known in the City as &quot;Millions&quot;) was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1888 December 1st week''', according to &quot;Society Gossip&quot; from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:&lt;blockquote&gt;I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says.&quot; ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1889 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was &quot;proprietor&quot; of White's Club, St. James's Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;&quot;The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs.&quot; ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of &quot;the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'&quot;]]

'''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club.

'''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:&lt;blockquote&gt;Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices &quot;Willis's Restaurant&quot; opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marmaduke.&quot; &quot;Letter from the Linkman.&quot; ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1893 April 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Times'', reprinted in the ''Kildare Observer'', arguing against Gladstone's Home Rule bill on the grounds that Ireland would not be able to take out a loan on its own behalf because of its obligations to the U.K., including what was called its share of the national debt.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Irish Unionist Alliance.&quot; ''Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser'' 01 April 1893, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001870/18930401/062/0006. Print: The ''Kildare Observer'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke &quot;assisted&quot; in &quot;forming [a] collection&quot; of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's.&quot; ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]].

'''1895 August 24, Saturday''', &quot;Marmaduke&quot; in the Graphic says that Algernon Bourke &quot;opened a cyclists' club in Chelsea.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marmaduke.&quot; &quot;Court and Club.&quot; The ''Graphic'' 24 August 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 32], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18950824/017/0011. Print p. 223.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]].

'''1896 June 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'':&lt;blockquote&gt;To the Editor of “The Daily Telegraph.”

Sir — Permit me to make my bow to the public. I am the manager of the Summer Club, which on two occasions bas been the subject of Ministerial interpellation in Parliament. The Summer Club is a small combination, which conceived the idea of attempting to make life more pleasant in London by organising breakfast, luncheon, and teas in Kensington Gardens for its members. This appears to have given offence in some way to Dr. Tanner, with the result that the catering arrangements of the club are now &quot;by order&quot; thrown open to the public. No one is more pleased than I am at the result of the doctor's intervention, for it shows that the idea the Summer Club had of using the parks for something more than mere right of way bas been favourably received. In order, however, that the great British public may not be disappointed, should they all come to lunch at once, I think it necessary to explain that the kitchen, which by courtesy of the lessee of the kiosk our cook was permitted to use, is only 10ft by 5ft; it has also to serve as a scullery and pantry, and the larder, from which our luxurious viands are drawn, is a four-wheeled cab, which comes up every day with the food and returns after lunch with the scraps. Nevertheless, the Summer Club says to the British public — What we have we will share with you, though it don't amount to very much — I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

ALGERNON BOURKE.

White's Club, June 27&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Summer Club.&quot; ''Daily Telegraph &amp; Courier'' (London) 29 June 1896, Monday: 8 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18960629/072/0008. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1896 July 4, Saturday''', &quot;Marmaduke&quot; in the ''Graphic'' took Bourke's side on the Summer Club in Kensington Park:&lt;blockquote&gt;Most of us have noticed that if we read in the newspapers the account of some matter which we are personally acquainted with the account will generally contain several errors. I have also noticed that when a question is asked in the House of Commons regarding some matter about which I know all the facts the question and the official answer to it frequently contain serious errors. Last week Mr. Akers-Douglas was asked in the House to explain how it was that Mr. Algernon Bourke obtained permission to open the &quot;Summer Club&quot; in Kensington Gardens, and he was questioned upon other particulars connected with the same matter. Both the questions and the official reply showed considerable ignorance of the facts. There has been from time immemorial a refreshment kiosk in Kensington Gardens. Mr. Bourke obtained from the tenant of this permission to use the kitchen for the benefit of the &quot;Summer Club,&quot; and to supply the members of the latter with refreshments. It was a purely commercial transaction. Mr. Bourke then established some wicker seats, a few tables, a tent, and a small hut upon a lawn in the neighbourhood of the kiosk. To do this he must have obtained the permission of Mr. Akers-Douglas, as obviously he would otherwise have been immediately ordered to remove them. Mr. Akers-Douglas equally obviously would not have given his sanction unless he had been previously informed of the objects which Mr. Bourke had in view — to wit, that the latter intended to establish a club there. That being the case, it is difficult to understand for what reason Mr. Akers-Douglas has now decided that any member of the public can use the chairs, tables, and tent belonging to the &quot;Summer Club,&quot; can insist upon the club servants attending upon him, and can compel them to supply him with refreshments. Mr. Akers-Douglas should have thought of the consequences before he granted the permission.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marmaduke.&quot; &quot;Court and Club.&quot; The ''Graphic'' 04 July 1896, Saturday: 14 [of 32], Col. 1b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18960704/029/0014. Print p. 14.&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:&lt;blockquote&gt;At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor.

Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb.

The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;At St. Paul's.&quot; ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:&lt;blockquote&gt;It is probably not generally known (says the &quot;Chef&quot;) that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrinips and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Li Hung Chang's Diet.&quot; ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1896 November 6, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the committee for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#1896 November 6, Friday|the Prince's Club ice-skating rink, which opened on this day]].&lt;p&gt;

'''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#23 November 1896, Monday23 November 1896, Monday|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].&lt;p&gt;
'''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:&lt;blockquote&gt;The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat  specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Burglary at Brighton.&quot; ''Daily Telegraph &amp; Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1896 December 10, Thursday''', Guendoline Bourke was present to help staff a stall at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#10 December 1896, Thursday|Irish Industries Exhibition and Sale, Brighton]].

'''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.

'''1897 July 11–16, week of''', a dog of Guendoline Bourke's won a prize at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#11–16 July 1897, Week Of|Ladies' Kennel Association show in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park]].&lt;p&gt;

'''23 July 1897 — or 30 July 1897 – Friday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#23 July 1897, Friday|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. &lt;blockquote&gt;Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House.&quot; ''Belper &amp; Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1897 October 30, Saturday''', ''Black and White'' published '''J.P.B.'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s &quot;The Case of Mrs. Elliott,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;J.P.B. &quot;The Case of Mrs. Elliott.&quot; ''Black &amp; White'' 30 October 1897, Saturday: 12 [of 34], Cols. 1a–2b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004617/18971030/036/0012. Print title ''Black and White'', p. 542.&lt;/ref&gt; an odd short short story in which the Honourable Algernon Bourke Herriott is &quot;rude to Mrs. Elliott,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|Col. 2b}} presumably having proposed that they have sexual relations while her husband is out. J.P.B. links to the biographical Algernon Bourke's career in the stock market in the description of Mrs. Christine Elliott not even simulating interest in her husband's bicycling: &quot;a soul is a grievous burthen for a stockbroker's wife,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|Col. 2a}} suggesting that Mr. Elliott rather than Algernon Bourke Herriott is the stockbroker. The Hon. Algy&lt;blockquote&gt;was a senior member of several junior clubs. A woman had dubbed him once &quot;a rip with a taste for verses.&quot; The description was severe, but not unwarranted. His was a pretty pagan sensualism, though, singing from a wine palate to Church music. For the rest, he had just imagination enough to despise mediocrity.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|Col. 2a}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1898 January 5, Wednesday''', the ''Irish Independent'' reported that &quot;Mr Algernon Bourke, the aristocratic stock broker ... was mainly responsible for the living pictures at the Blenheim Palace entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mr Algernon Bourke ....&quot; ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:&lt;blockquote&gt;Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show.

[Exclusive to &quot;The Leader.&quot;)

The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club).

The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another stronyg lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the &quot;toy&quot; dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dogs at Brighton.&quot; ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1899 January 11, Wednesday''', Guendoline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#11 January 1899, Wednesday|a luncheon at Stanfield-hall, home of Mr. and Mrs. Basil Montogomery, for Princess Henry of Battenberg]], that also included the Countess of Dudley (sister of Mrs. Montgomery), General Oliphant, and the Mayor and Mayoress of Romsey.

'''1899 February 7, Tuesday''', Guendoline Bourke was a member of the very high-ranking committee organizing a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#1899 February 7, Tuesday|ball at the Hotel Cecil on 7 February 1899]].

'''1899 June 1, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Guendoline Bourke attended the wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marriage of Mr. Sloane Stanley and Countess Cairns.&quot; ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 03 June 1899, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990603/049/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1899 July 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#1 July 1899, Saturday|meeting in London at the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor House]] about preserving Killarney as part of the National Trust and seems to have been acting for someone who wanted to purchase the Muckross Estate.&lt;p&gt;

'''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:&lt;blockquote&gt;The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:&lt;blockquote&gt;At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke.&quot; ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1899 December 23, Saturday''', &quot;Mr. Algernon Bourke has departed for a tour in Africa, being at present the guest of his brother in Tunis.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Society Pages.&quot; ''Walsall Advertiser'' 23 December 1899, Saturday: 7 [of 8], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001028/18991223/143/0007. Print p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Miss Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield, so presumably her parents were present as well.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;London Day by Day.&quot; ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph &amp; Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died.

'''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, &quot;has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Society Gossip.&quot; ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1901 May 30, Thursday|Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show at the Botanic Garden]].&lt;p&gt;

'''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke attended a children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Countess of Yarborough gave a charming children's party on Thursday (4th) afternoon at her beautiful house in Arlington Street. The spacious ballroom was quite filled with little guests and their mothers. Each little guest received a lovely present from their kind hostess. The Duchess of Beaufort, in grey, and with a large black picture hat, brought her two lovely baby girls, Lady Blanche and Lady Diana Somerset, both in filmy cream [Col. 2b–3a] lace frocks. Lady Gertrude Corbett came with her children, and Ellen Lady Inchiquin with hers. Lady Southampton, in black, with lovely gold embroideries on her bodice, brought her children, as also did Lady Heneage and Mr. and Lady Beatrice Kaye. Lady Blanche Conyngham, in écru lace, over silk, and small straw hat, was there; also Mrs. Smith Barry, in a lovely gown of black and white lace. The Countess of Kilmorey, in a smart grey and white muslin, brought little Lady Cynthia Needham, in white; Mrs. Arthur James, in black and white muslin; and the Countess of Powys, in mauve silk with much white lace; Lady Sassoon, in black and white foulard; Victoria Countess of Yarborough, came on from hearing Mdme. Réjane at Mrs. Wernher's party at Bath House; and there were also present Lord Henry Vane-Tempest, the Earl of Yarborough, Lady Naylor-Leyland's little boys; the pretty children of Lady Constance Combe, Lady Florence Astley and her children, and Lady Meysey Thompson (very smart in mauve and white muslin) with her children; also Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in pale grey, with her pretty little girl.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Countess of Yarborough ....&quot; ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1901 July 20, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with &quot;Perthshire&quot;) in its 3rd series of &quot;The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders.&quot; ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.&lt;/ref&gt; Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well.&lt;p&gt;

'''1901 September 12, Thursday''', Mrs. Guendoline Bourke's name is listed as Gwendolen Bourke, but the spelling is not what she objected to:&lt;blockquote&gt;Mr. Underhill, the Conservative agent, mentioned to the Revising Barrister (Mr. William F. Webster) that the name of the Hon. Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke was on the list in respect of the house, 75, Gloucester-place. The lady had written to him to say that she was the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke and that she wished that name to appear on the register. In reply to the Revising Barrister, Mr. Underhill said that “Algernon” was the '''name the lady’s husband'''.

Mr. Cooke, the rate-collector, said that Mrs. Bourke had asked to be addressed Mrs. Algernon Bourke, but that the Town Clerk thought the address was not a correct one. The lady signed her cheques Gwendolen.”

Mr. Underhill said the agents frequently had indignant letters from ladies because they were not addressed by their husband’s Christian name.

The Revising Barrister — lf a lady gave me the name of Mrs. John Smith I should say I had not got the voter’s name. The name Gwendolen must remain.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ladies’ Names.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 12 September 1901, Thursday: 7 [of 10], Col. 3a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19010912/130/0007. Print p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the ''Daily Express'' reported that &quot;Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Onlooker.&quot; &quot;My Social Diary.&quot; &quot;Where People Are.&quot; ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895.&lt;p&gt;

'''1902 October 31, Friday''', the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#31 October 1902, Friday|7th opening of the Prince's Skating Club]]. Guendoline Bourke was on the Women's Committee and Algernon Bourke was on the Men's.&lt;p&gt;

'''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Guendonline Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's &quot;at home,&quot; held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore &quot;a fur coat and a black picture hat.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Lady Correspondent.&quot; &quot;Society in London.&quot; ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1903 March 17, Tuesday''', Guendoline Bourke staffed a booth at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 March 17, Tuesday|sale of the Irish Industries Association]] on St. Patrick's Day with [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Lady Mayo]], [[Social Victorians/People/Dudley|Georgina Lady Dudley]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Miss Beresford]]. A number of other aristocratic women were also present at the sale in other booths, including [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lucan|Lady Lucan]].&lt;p&gt;

'''1903 June 23, Tuesday''', Guendoline and Daphne Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 June 23, Tuesday|children's party at Buckingham Palace for Prince Eddie's birthday]].&lt;p&gt;

'''1905 February 17, Friday''', the Dundee ''Evening Post'' reported that Algernon Bourke &quot;set up a shop in Venice for the sale of art treasures and old furniture.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Social News.&quot; Dundee ''Evening Post'' 17 February 1905, Friday: 6 [of 6], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000582/19050217/105/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1905, last week of July''', Guendoline Bourke and daughter Daphne Bourke — who was 10 years old — attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Last week of July, 1905|Lady Cadogan's children's party at Chelsea House]]. Daphne was &quot;One of loveliest little girls present.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Court and Social News.&quot; ''Belfast News-Letter'' 01 August 1905, Tuesday: 7 [of 10], Col. 6b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/19050801/157/0007. Print p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;p&gt;

'''1913 May 7, Wednesday''', Guendoline Bourke presented her daughter Daphne Bourke at court:&lt;blockquote&gt;Mrs. Algernon Bourke presented her daughter, and wore blue and gold broché with a gold lace train.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Social and Personal.&quot; London ''Daily Chronicle'' 08 May 1913, Thursday: 6 [of 12], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/19130508/120/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The ''Pall Mall Gazette'' has a description of Daphne Bourke's dress, but what exactly &quot;chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]]&quot; means in 1913 is not clear:&lt;blockquote&gt;Court dressmakers appear to have surpassed all previous records in their efforts to make the dresses for to-night’s Court as beautiful as possible. Noticeable among these is the dainty presentation gown to be worn by Miss Bourke, who will be presented by her mother, the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke. This has a skirt of soft white satin draped with chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]] and a bodice veiled with chiffon and trimmed with diamanté and crystal embroidery. Miss Bourke’s train, gracefully hung from the shoulders, is of white satin lined with pale rose pink chiffon and embroidered with crystal and diamanté.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fashion Day by Day. Lovely Gowns for To-night's Court.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 07 May 1913, Wednesday: 13 [of 18], Col. 1a [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/19130507/199/0013. Print n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1904 September 15, Thursday''', according to what was at the time called the ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', Algernon Bourke was living in Venice and not in the UK at this point:&lt;blockquote&gt;Algernon Bourke, who usually lives in Venice, has spent some time in England during the present summer, and has now gone on a fishing expedition to Sweden, accompanied by his brother, Lord Mayo. Lady Mayo has been staying meanwhile in Ireland, and has had a visit from her mother, Lady Maria Ponsonby, who is a sister of Lend Obventry.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;&quot;Society Notes.&quot; ''Irish Independent'' 15 September 1904, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001986/19040915/131/0004. Print title: ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1909 May 22, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke appears to have been living in Pisa. A columnist for the ''Queen'' reported on the Royal School of Art Needlework:&lt;blockquote&gt;Lady Leconfield [?] was there, also her sister-in-law, the Dowager Lady Mayo, only just back from her winter on the Continent, when she spent most of the time at Pisa, where her son Mr Algernon Bourke has also been staying. The latter is a great connoisseur as regards [art?] notably in what is really good in the way of old Italian sculpture and carving. He and his handsome wife have a place near to Putney, and this winter again Mr Bourke, as the result of his Italian travels, has been sending home such relics of the old Italian palace gardens as as stone and marble carved vases, garden seats, and what-not of the kind — not all for himself and his own gardens by any means, I fancy; but his friends, relying on his knowledge in such matters, get him when abroad to choose for [them?] the adornment of their English terraces and gardens.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;My Social Diary.&quot; The ''Queen'' 22 May 1909, Saturday: 31 [of 86], Col. 1b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19090522/203/0031. Print p. 871.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball ==
According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#&quot;Oriental&quot; Procession|&quot;Oriental&quot; procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Based on the people they were dressed as, Guendonine Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was.

[[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. Guendoline Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]]
=== Hon. Guendoline Bourke ===
[[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]]
Lafayette's portrait (right) of &quot;Guendoline Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô&quot; in costume is photogravure #128 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&quot;Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker &amp; Boutall after various photographers.&quot; 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.&lt;/ref&gt; The printing on the portrait says, &quot;The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo.&quot; ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Newspaper Accounts ====
The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as

* Salambo in the Oriental procession.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House.&quot; ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Ball at Devonshire House.&quot; The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}}
*&quot;Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}}

==== Salammbô ====
Salammbô is the eponymous protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&amp;oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.&lt;/ref&gt; Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&amp;oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.&lt;/ref&gt; (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô was published in 1896, the year before the ball (above left).[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by &quot;Spy,&quot; ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]]
=== Hon. Algernon Bourke ===
[[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]]
'''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of &quot;Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton&quot; in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The printing on the portrait says, &quot;The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton.&quot; ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.&lt;/ref&gt;

This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&amp;oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.&lt;/ref&gt; A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.)

A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called &quot;Algy,&quot; by Leslie Ward (&quot;Spy&quot;) was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its &quot;Men of the Day&quot; series,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&amp;oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).&lt;/ref&gt; giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume.

=== Mr. and Mrs. Bourke ===
The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.)

== Demographics ==
*Nationality: Anglo-Irish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&amp;oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager&lt;ref&gt;''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Residences ===
*Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Not Co. Mayo?
*1888–1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, S.W., Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house&lt;ref&gt;Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.&lt;/ref&gt;
*1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea&lt;ref&gt;Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt;
*1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea&lt;ref&gt;Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt;
*1904: Algernon Bourke was &quot;usually liv[ing] in Venice&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
*1911: 1911 Fulham, London&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
*20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. &amp; C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.&lt;/ref&gt; (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]])

== Family ==
*Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962)

=== Relations ===
*Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==== Other Bourkes ====
*Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.&lt;/ref&gt;
*Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.&lt;/ref&gt; he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926.
== Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers ==

=== Writings ===
* Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892.
* Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., &quot;with a brief Memoir.&quot; ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893.
* Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894.

=== Papers ===
* Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon Bourke's papers with them?

== Notes and Questions ==
#The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it?
#The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the &quot;Oriental&quot; procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once.
#Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#&quot;Oriental&quot; Procession|&quot;Oriental&quot; procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin.
#[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes.
#The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704.
== Footnotes ==
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      <text bytes="36616" sha1="gotf85uzjl1j2ulam2ys395sf6jmt62" xml:space="preserve">==Rank and Class==
===for 21st-century Americans===

==The Strata of the Aristocracy and Upper Classes==
Speaking about 19th-century England in general'','' Daniel Poole (in his ''What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox Hunting to Whist — the Facts of Daily Life in 19th-Century England'') says,&lt;blockquote&gt;There were two orders of titled folk in England. Dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, and barons (who ranked in that order) were known as the peerage. Considerably below them on the social scale and ''not'' peers came the baronets and knights, easily recognizable because they were always addressed as &quot;Sir.&quot;

Together with the Bishops and the Archbishops of the Church of England, the peers composed the House of Lords, and, indeed, a reference to a &quot;lord&quot; almost always meant a peer or one of his children.&lt;ref&gt;Poole, Daniel. ''What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox Hunting to Whist — the Facts of Daily Life in 19th-Century England.'' New York: Touchstone, 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|35}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Jane Austen's novels are set at the intersection of the aristocracy and the &quot;squirearchy,&quot; the baronets, knights and country-level gentry.

According to David Cannadine in ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy'',&lt;blockquote&gt;In 1880, there were 580 peers, of whom 431 were hereditary members of the House of Lords by virtue of possessing United Kingdom peerages. In addition, there were 7 peeresses in their own right, and 41 Scottish and 101 Irish peers, who were unable to sit in the House of Lords because they lacked UK titles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Cannadine, David. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy''. New York: Yale University Press, 1990.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|11}} &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== The Ranks ===
The ranks are more complex than this basic outline suggests. For example, the monarch has dukedoms to grant to royals. Also, rank is not the same as class, which is a socioeconomic category.
# Royals
# Peers (People Who Hold Hereditary Titles)
## Duke and Duchess (His and Her Grace)
## Marquess and Marchioness
## Earl and Countess
## Viscount and Vicountess
## Baron and Baroness
# Landed Gentry, or Squirearchy
## Baronet and Baronetess (Even though not hereditary or part of the peerage, this title is aristocratic.) David Cannadine says, &quot;Between the peers and the commoners came the baronets, of whom there were 856 in 1880. ... This, again, was a legally established title, a hereditary knighthood, the holders of which ranked next to the peers in order of precedence.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|11}}
## Knight and Dame (an honor rather than an aristocratic title)
## Gentleman

==== Baron and Baroness ====
Barons were addresssed as ''Right Honourable'' [barony], although the honorific could precede their surname rather than the name of the barony if they were not the same. A woman was ''Lady'' [barony] but not ''Baroness'' unless she held the title in her own right. The honorific used for their children was ''Honorable'', most often it seems with their surname rather than the name of the barony if they were not the same.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-24|title=Baron|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baron&amp;oldid=1220558063|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron#Style_of_address.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dukedoms extant in 1897 in Order of Precedence ===
Key: (Peerage [England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and UK], date of creation&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Index to Dukes and Duchesses.&quot; ''The Peerage: A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/index_duke.htm (accessed 19 October 2022).&lt;/ref&gt;)

The Royal Dukes (for &quot;members of the British royal family&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dukes in the United Kingdom.&quot; ''Wikipedia'' [[wikipedia:Dukes_in_the_United_Kingdom#Non-royal_dukedoms|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukes_in_the_United_Kingdom]] (accessed 18 October 2022).&lt;/ref&gt;) follow the nonroyal dukes in the order of precedence unless they have a title, like Prince of Wales, that would affect their placement in the order.&lt;ref&gt;Squibb, George Drewry. &quot;The Lord Chamberlain's Order of 1520, as Amended in 1595.&quot; ''Order of Precedence in England and Wales''. Clarendon Press, 1981.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|99–101}}

# Duke of Edinburgh (United Kingdom, 1866)
# Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (United Kingdom, 1874)
# Duke of Fife (United Kingdom, 1889, 24 Apr 1900-29 Jan 1912 with a special remainder to his daughters) (?)
# Duke of York (United Kingdom, 1892)

The Hereditary Dukes, in [[Social Victorians/British Aristocracy#Rules of Precedence|precedence order]] based on the date of the creation of the title

# Duke of Norfolk (England, 1483)
# Duke of Somerset (England, 1547)
# Duke of Hamilton (Scotland, 1643)
# Duke of Buccleuch (Scotland, 1663)
# Duke of Grafton, co. Northampton (England, '''1675''')
# Duke of Lennox (Scotland, '''1675''')
# Duke of Richmond (England, '''1675''')
# Duke of Beaufort (England, 1682)
# Duke of Saint Albans (England, '''1684''')
# Duke of Queensberry (Scotland, '''1684''')
# Duke of Bedford (England, '''1694''')
# Duke of Devonshire (England, '''1694''')
# Duke of Leeds (England, '''1694''')
# Duke of Argyll (Scotland, 1701)
# Duke of Marlborough (England, 1702)
# Duke of Atholl, co. Perth (Scotland, '''1703''')
# Duke of Rutland (England, '''1703''')
# Duke of Roxburghe (Scotland, '''1707''')
# Duke of Montrose (Scotland, '''1707''')
# Duke of Brandon (Great Britain, 1711)
# Duke of Portland (Great Britain, 1716)
# Duke of Manchester (England, 1719)
# Duke of Leinster (Ireland, '''1766''')
# Duke of Northumberland (Great Britain, '''1766''')
# Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (Great Britain, 1799)
# Duke of Cambridge (United Kingdom, 1801)
# Duke of Wellington (United Kingdom, 1814)
# Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (United Kingdom, 1822)
# Duke of Sutherland (United Kingdom, 1833)
# Duke of Abercorn (Ireland, 1868)
# Duke of Westminster (United Kingdom, 1874)
# Duke of Gordon (United Kingdom, 1876)
# Duke of Albany (United Kingdom, 1881)

== The Middle Classes ==
Much analysis and history of the Victorian age unconsciously assumes that middle-class values were universal. The assumption that Victorian women were concerned in important ways about &quot;respectability&quot; is a perfect example. Many very wealthy and aristocratic women do not seem to have worried about their reputation in the way that a middle-class woman would.

The aristocracy was defined by the titles and their characteristics, especially their inheritability. But the children of aristocrats who were not titled themselves were moved to a more liminal status, except perhaps those whose parents' titles entitled them to an honorific like ''Lady'' or ''Lord''. The scholarship defining the classes has evolved over the decades; for now, it seems clearest to think of class as a subject position, especially useful for the untitled children of aristocrats and, as Ariel Beaujot does, the &quot;redundant&quot; or &quot;surplus&quot; middle-class women who did not marry but who attempted to keep up their middle-class appearances.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Beaujot, Ariel. ''Victorian Fashion Accessories''. Berg, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; (4)

In their ''Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780 and 1850'', Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall define the middle class by its values and ideologies around morality (especially its protestant Christianity), family (especially domesticity and its separation from the public sphere as well as family roles) and gender. Beaujot sees the middle class as&lt;blockquote&gt;an imagined grouping that the middling sort ought to embody. I contend that class should be conceived of as an ongoing accomplishment. My argument, then, is that Victorians performed their class roles on a daily basis according to the values that were imagined as middle class, aristocratic, or working class. My work looks at accessories as consumables that help to differentiate the middle class from other classes. I argue that middle-class women took symbols originally associated with the aristocracy and modified them to help make their class position real through consumption.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (4)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Historians have attempted to define the middle classes by income:

# Lower middle class: minimum annual income (1867) — £100–£300&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (17, n. 9)
# Middle class
# Upper middle class: minimum annual income (1851) — £900–£1000&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (17, n. 9)
['''Add about the racialization of poverty?''']

== Rules of Precedence ==
In official processions that included the monarch, who walked in front of or behind whom (or even facing which direction when walking) was very important and clearly spelled out. Generally speaking, the ranks followed each other, but because the Rules of Precedence also take into account, say, the children of peers who don't have their own titles, they are also quite intricate. People typically were treated according to their highest title.

Also, these rules were used to determine the sequence people would form for less formal occasions, like going in to dinner. Newspaper accounts of social events hosted by the Queen or Prince and Princess of Wales followed the rules of precedence for categories of people but not for individuals. That is, dukes would be listed after royals, including royalty from other countries, but within that category people would be generally alphabetized. The alternative would have been for the reporters and editors to have worked out the placement of every single individual present or invited.

== Honorifics ==
* Duke or Duchess: Your Grace
*Marquess and Marchioness: The Most Honourable
*Lady
* Lord
* Countess: the wife of an earl had the title Countess.
* Honourable or Hon.: the children of earls, viscounts?, and barons had the title of &quot;honourable.&quot;
According to the ''Britannica'' topics website,&lt;blockquote&gt;In the United Kingdom marquesses are “most honourable”; earls, viscounts, and barons are “right honourable,” a style also borne by all privy councillors, including the lord mayor of London and the lord provost of Edinburgh during office. The title of “honourable” in the United Kingdom is mainly confined to the sons and daughters of peers, except by special licence of the Crown, and is the common style of the younger sons of earls and of the children of viscounts, barons, and legal life peers. The eldest sons of dukes, marquesses, and earls bear “by courtesy” their father’s second title, the younger sons of dukes and marquesses having the courtesy title “Lord” prefixed to their given name. The daughters of dukes, marquesses, and earls are styled “Lady.” The title of “honourable” is also given to all present or past maids of honour and to the judges of the High Court. A circuit court judge is, however, “his honour&quot; or “her honour.” The epithet is also applied to the House of Commons as a body and to individual members during debate (“the honourable member for X”). Other corporate bodies have, by tradition or grant, the right to bear the style, including The Honourable The Irish Society, the Inns of Court (The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple), and the Honourable Artillery Company. The East India Company also had the prefix “Honourable.” The style may not be assumed by corporate bodies at will, as was proved in the case of the Society of Baronets, whose original style of “Honourable Society” was dropped by command.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Honourable Style or Title.&quot; ''Britannica'': Sociology and Society: Lifestyles &amp; Social Issues: Home https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Honourable (accessed 7 December 2020).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Miss, Madam, Ma'am, Mrs., Mistress ===
The usage of these terms has changed over time, so what they mean exactly depends on when they were uttered as well as in what context, including the class standing of the person spoken of as well as the person speaking. ''Miss'' did not always signify that a woman was unmarried, and a version of ''Mistress'' did not always signify that she was or had been married.

Amy Louise Erickson says,&lt;blockquote&gt;in early modern England the mistress most commonly designated the female equivalent of master — that is, a person with capital who directed servants or apprentices. Prior to the mid eighteenth century, there was only Mrs (or Mris, Ms, or other forms of abbreviation). Mrs was applied to any adult woman who merited the social distinction, without any marital connotation. Miss was reserved for young girls until the mid eighteenth century.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Erikson, Amy Louise. &quot;Mistresses and Marriage: or, a Short History of the Mrs.&quot; ''History Workshop Journal'', Volume 78, Issue 1, Autumn 2014, Pages 39–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbt002. Abstract: https://academic.oup.com/hwj/article-abstract/78/1/39/627183.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Part of the complexity of these terms is that they have historically been contaminated by negative associations, with implications of sexual impropriety. Linguist Chi Luu says,&lt;blockquote&gt;In fact, as Richard, Lord Braybrooke noted in 1855 in reference to Samuel Pepys’s diary, “It is worthy of remark, that the fair sex may justly complain of almost every word in the English language designating a female, having, at some time or another, been used as a term of reproach; for we find Mother, Madam, Mistress and Miss, all denoting women of bad character; and here Pepys adds the title of my Lady to the number, and completes the ungracious catalogue.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://daily.jstor.org/from-the-mixed-up-history-of-mrs-miss-and-ms/|title=From the Mixed-Up History of Mrs., Miss, and Ms.|last=Luu|first=Chi|date=2017-11-08|website=JSTOR Daily|language=en-US|access-date=2023-12-03}} ''Lingua Obscura''. https://daily.jstor.org/from-the-mixed-up-history-of-mrs-miss-and-ms/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

According to Mimi Matthews,&lt;blockquote&gt;During the nineteenth century, the proper address for an unmarried young lady was very much a matter of rank — both the rank of the one being addressed ''and'' the one doing the addressing. For instance, a maidservant might acknowledge a command given by her young unmarried mistress by saying “Yes, miss.” Whereas a gentleman might address the same unmarried young lady with a “Yes, madam” or “Yes, ma’am.” According to ''How to Do It'' (1864):&lt;blockquote&gt;''“We address a married lady, or widow, as Madam, or by name, Missis or Mistress Jones. In answering a question, we contract the Madam to ma’am — as ‘yes, ma’am, no ma’am, very fine day, ma’am.’ A single lady, of a certain age, may also be addressed as Madam.”''&lt;/blockquote&gt;As referenced above, proper address for an unmarried young lady also depended on her age. If she was old enough to marry — such as Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen’s ''Pride and Prejudice'' — a gentleman would address her as “Madam” or “Ma’am.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/|title=Madam, Ma’am, or Miss: Proper Address for Unmarried Young Ladies|date=2020-09-11|website=Mimi Matthews|language=en|access-date=2023-12-03}} https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Miss ====
In her ''Daily Life in Victorian England'', Sally Mitchell says that the eldest daughter is referred to using Miss and her last name only: “The eldest sister in a family with several daughters was called, for example, ‘Miss Bowen.” Younger sisters were called ‘Miss’ with both first name and surname: ‘Miss Anne Bowen,' 'Miss Cecilia Bowen,' and so forth.”&lt;ref&gt;Mitchell, Sally. ''Daily Life in Victorian England''. Greenwood Press, 1996.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|150}} For example, Rueben Sassoon's eldest daughter would in 1897 be ''Miss Sassoon'', and for all her younger sisters the first name would be required: Rueben Sassoon's second daughter would be ''Miss Luna Sassoon''. In newspaper reports of weddings, for example, two sisters who attended and gave a gift might be named as &quot;Miss Mills and Miss Mabel Mills&quot; or &quot;Miss Dent and Miss M. Dent.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst.&quot; ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive''https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;

The 1864 American ''How to do It'', agrees approximately: &quot;A young lady, if the eldest of the family, unmarried, is entitled to the sirname, as Miss Smith, while her younger sisters are called Miss Mary, Miss Julia, &amp;c.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/howtodoitordire00unkngoog|title=How to Do it: Or, Directions for Knowing and Doing Everything Needful.|date=1864|publisher=John H. Tingley|others=unknown library|language=English}} [[iarchive:howtodoitordire00unkngoog/page/n68/mode/2up|https://archive.org/details/howtodoitordire00unkngoog/]].&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|62}}

To address someone as ''Miss'' with no last name would be appropriate only for a servant or person of much lower class: one might say, &quot;yes, miss.&quot; ''How to do It'' says, “The Term ‘Miss,’ used by itself, is very inelegant.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|62}}

==== Mrs. ====
Luu says, with respect to what changed in the 19th century,&lt;blockquote&gt;in fact, throughout the eighteenth century, “Mrs.” was closer to a professional rank for women of capital, businesswomen, and women of higher social status, whether married or unmarried, much like the role the later “Ms.” took on (German uses “frau” regardless of marital status in much the same way). Business proprietors were normally addressed as “Mrs.” as a matter of professional courtesy, but were officially recorded with just their own names, sans title, for example on their business cards.
&lt;p&gt;
In fact, while Samuel Johnson’s dictionary presents all the various bipolar meanings eighteenth century society has to offer for “mistress” (the title of which Mrs. was originally an abbreviation, though it’s gone through some pronunciation changes) from a woman who governs, a woman skilled in anything, a teacher, a beloved woman, an insult for a woman or a whore, the one thing he does not define a mistress as is a married woman. It was simply not necessary, especially as, according to Erickson, unmarried women in England at the time had all the same legal rights as men did. Many of them headed their own households, owned property, ran their own businesses and joined professional guilds according to their trades. “Mrs.” was very much the linguistic equal of “Mr,” for adults, just as “Miss” was used for young girls in the same way as the now outdated “Master” was used for boys before adulthood. None of these titles entailed any marital status, but importantly, a Mrs. did seem to be accorded a title of respect regardless of the men in her life.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Erikson says, &quot;Even when adult single women started to use Miss, Mrs still designated a social or business standing, and not the status of being married, until at least the mid nineteenth century.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

==The Season==
The social &quot;season&quot; for the English aristocracy, when Members of Parliament were in London and away from their country estates, was May, June and July. Irish aristocrats, on the other hand, went to Dublin &quot;from Christmas to St. Patrick's Day on March 17, but evening parties started with fox hunting in November.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Leslie, Anita. ''The Marlborough House Set''. New York: Doubleday, 1973. Print.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|97}}

==Timeline==
of the big changes in the 19th century

The 19th century saw a number of important changes in the status of those who had been in the aristocracy — or barred from the aristocracy, including legislation reforming the electorate, Parliament and the relationship between titles, wealth and social influence.

=== Wealth ===
In his ''Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy'', Cannadine says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Between 1809 and 1879, only eleven fortunes were left in excess of two / million pounds; but between 1880 and 1939, there were eighty-three. [But after 1880 wealth in Britain increased enormously for a few people.] It was, of course, not riches on the American scale: tens of millions of pounds did not signify compared with hundreds of millions of dollars, whatever the rate of exchange. Yet many of the areas in which such wealth was accumulated were the same: gold and diamonds, newspapers, consumer good, international contracting and finance, but not agricultural land. ... And, even more importantly, this new wealth dwarfed all except the greatest patrician fortunes. Between 1809 and 1879, some 88 percent of British millionaires had been landowners, but between 1880 and 1914, the figure dropped to only 33 per cent, and it fell still further thereafter. ... In short, the real leviathans of wealth were no longer British; or, if they were, they were no longer preponderantly drawn from the old landowning classes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|90–91}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 1800s ===
Speaking of the number of people eligible to sit in the House of Lords, Kimberly Schutte talks about the number of titled peers:&lt;blockquote&gt;By 1800, the number had increased to 267.[31] Just over 1,000 people held peerages across the whole of the eighteenth century.[32]

[fn31] 31 Cannon gives the number of peers in existence on Jan. 1 each decade during the 18th century: In 1700 there were 173, 1710 — 167, 1720 — 190, 1730 — 189, 1740 — 183, 1750 — 187, 1760 — 181, 1770 — 197, 1780 —189, 1790 — 220. Cannon, ''The Aristocratic Century'', 15.

[fn32] 32 Cannon, ''The Aristocratic Century'', 10.&lt;ref&gt;Schutte, Kimberly F. ''Marrying by the Numbers: Marriage Patterns of Aristocratic British Women, 1485-2000''. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kansas, 2011. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/8189/Schutte_ku_0099D_11418_DATA_1.pdf.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===1860s===
1867 Reform Act: extended the franchise

===1870s===
In the late 1870s the aristocracy consisted of 7,000 families, or &quot;the 431 hereditary members of the House of Lords&quot; (Spencer).

In his ''Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy'', Cannadine says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Until the late 1870s, the British parliamentary system remained fundamentally rural but with urban enclaves: the majority of the constituencies were either small boroughs or amenable counties, and the majority of their MPs came from the landowning élite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; (153)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

====The collapse of the economic basis of the aristocracy began with an &quot;agricultural depression&quot;====
In the late 1870s in the UK&lt;blockquote&gt;80 percent of the country’s acreage was owned by 7,000 families, principally those of the 431 hereditary members of the House of Lords—the dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, and barons of the United Kingdom. Beginning in the 1880s, the export of grain from the Americas, followed by the arrival in Europe of refrigerated meat, halved agricultural income in Britain. What had been the lifeblood of the great estates for hundreds of years was cut off suddenly, and unexpectedly, with devastating effect, in both the short and the long term: agricultural rents were the same in 1936 as they had been in 1800.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Spencer, Charles. &quot;Perfect Manors: Enemies of the Estate.&quot; ''Vanity Fair'' (January 2010). http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2010/01/english-aristocracy-201001.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

====American heiresses were admitted to the Prince of Wales's circle and the [[Social Victorians/Marlborough House Set | Marlborough House Set]], bringing big quantities of capital to the beleaguered Peerage====
&lt;blockquote&gt;Consuelo Vanderbilt was contracted to bring a $2.5 million ($66 million today) dowry when she reluctantly married the Ninth Duke of Marlborough. In 1895, nine American heiresses married titled British men. Three years prior to that, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had noted the trend, in ''The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'': “One by one the management of the noble houses of Great Britain is passing into the hands of our fair cousins from across the Atlantic,” he wrote. Between 1870 and the First World War, 100 — 1 in 10 — aristocratic marriages were contracted with Americans.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===1880s===
In his ''Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy'', David Cannadine says,&lt;blockquote&gt;At the very end of Victoria's period of unpopularity, during the late 1870s and early 1880s, it was still asserted that the monarch was surrounded by aristocratic hangers-on who were little more than drones and flunkeys, and that nepotism, extravagance, and peculation were rife. ... But thereafter, as the monarchy became increasingly venerated and worshipped, the patrician personnel of the court also came to enjoy what might best be termed immunity by association. Criticism of the retinues of titled courtiers was effectively stilled, and the fact that recruitment remained entirely by patronage and connection went virtually unremarked. Unlike the civil service, there was no reform / in procedure and no revolution in personnel. In the court, more than anywhere else, &quot;Old Corruption&quot; did not merely linger: it positively thrived.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|244–45}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Cannadine says, &quot;the 1880s were the most troubled decade — for the nobles and notables of Britain, no less than for the titled and territorial classes of Europe — since the 1840s or the 1790s.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|25}}

In his &quot;The Creation of Peerages in England, 1837–1911,&quot; R. E. Humphrey says, &quot;While the Reform Act of 1867 greatly increased middle-class power in the House of Commons, it was only after 1885 that the peerage creations marked this transfer of power in any considerable degree.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Pumphrey, R. E. &quot;The Creation of Peerages in England, 1837–1911.&quot; Yale University, Ph.D., 1934: 165. Cited in David Cannadine, ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy'' (Yale U. P., 1990): 182.&lt;/ref&gt;

The 1885 Reform Act extended the franchise further.

=== 1890s ===
'''1895 13 July to 7 August''', the 1895 General Election, which the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists won, with [[Social Victorians/People/Salisbury|Robert Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] as Prime Minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-29|title=1895 United Kingdom general election|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1895_United_Kingdom_general_election&amp;oldid=1113087047|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election.&lt;/ref&gt; Barbara Tuchman says that Salisbury's cabinet was &quot;the last government in the western world to possess all the attributes of aristocracy in working condition.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|qtd. in, p. 208}}

== Court Dress ==
For court occasions, especially highly ritualistic ones, the rules for what people wore could be quite specific and codified. These rules evolved over time, of course. The rules for peeresses are given here, but all of the codified elements are described on the Debrett's &quot;Dress Codes&quot; page.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Being presented to Queen Victoria, for example, required young women, especially, to wear white gowns with a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Feathers and Plumes|cluster of three white ostrich plumes]] in their hair, but all women were expected to wear what were called those Prince of Wales's feathers and a gown with a train. Structured social events like levees and drawing rooms or even just having dinner with the royal family required men to wear prescribed attire with knee breeches and silk stockings.

The most formal occasion requiring specified dress was (and still is) a coronation. According to Debrett's the rules were codified in the late 17th century and modified with the coronations of Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://debretts.com/royal-family/dress-codes/|title=Dress Codes|website=debretts.com|language=en-US|access-date=2023-07-27}} https://debretts.com/royal-family/dress-codes/.&lt;/ref&gt; The specifications run from the color of the robe (or mantle) to the number of rows of what kind of fur to the pattern on the coronet to [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Train|the length of the train]].

==Caveats and Quirks==
# Courtesy titles exist, even for high-ranking titles like earl, which were granted to the children of the highest-ranking title in place; for example, the Duke of Percy is a courtesy title for the eldest son and heir presumptive of the Duke of Northumberland, and the [[Social Victorians/People/Dalkeith | Earl of Dalkeith]] is a courtesy title for the [[Social Victorians/People/Buccleuch | Duke of Buccleuch]].
# &quot;Life peers&quot; were introduced as a way to get more people into the House of Lords who might vote for Home Rule for Ireland.
==Peerages Online==
* Burke, Bernard. Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Ed., John Burke. Vol. 60. London: Burke's Peerage Limited., 1898. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=NlhQAQAAMAAJ (accessed June 2019).
* Cokayne, George E., ed. Complete Peerage: England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Exeter: William Pollard; London: George Bell, 1898. Google Books:(accessed June 2019).
** Vol. I, A to Bo. (1887). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=27EKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. II, Bra to C. (1889). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. III, D to F. (1890). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=k7IKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. IV, G to K. (1892). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=KbIKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. V, L to M. (1893). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=wrIKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. VI, N to R. (1895). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=JLAKAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. VII, S to T. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=VyowAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. VIII, U–Z. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=6K8KAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
** Vol. VIII, Part 2. Appendix, Corrigenda, Occurrences after 1 January 1898, and General Index to Notes, &amp;tc. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=czEwAAAAYAAJhttps://books.google.com/books?id=czEwAAAAYAAJ (accessed June 2019).
* ''Cracroft's Peerage: The Complete Guide to the British Peerage &amp; Baronetage''. http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/ accessed December 2016).
* Debrett's
**''Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage''. Ed., Robert H. Mair. Royal Edition. London: Dean, 1884. Rpt. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=Vlo-AQAAIAAJ (accessed April 2015).
**''Debrett's House of Commons and The Judicial Bench: Illustrated with 800 Armorial Engravings''. Comp. and ed., Robert Henry Mair. 20th ed. London: Dean, 1886. Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/debrettshouseo1886londuoft/page/n41/mode/2up.
** ''Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage''. Ed., Arthur G. M. Hesilrige. Royal Edition. London: Dean, 1916. Rpt. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=Ujg4TVs_3RkC (accessed June 2019).
* ''Kelly's Handbook to the Upper Ten Thousand for 1879, Containing about Twenty Thousand Names of the Titled, Landed &amp; Official Classes''. Fifth Annual Edition. London: Kelly and Co., 1879: 276. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=W9gNAAAAQAAJ (accessed June 2019).
* Lodge, Edmund. ''The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire as at Present Existing''. 59th ed. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1890. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=BxQwAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA267 (accessed June 2019).
* Lundy, Daryll, ed. ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as Well as the Royal Families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm (accessed June 2019). [darryl@thepeerage.com]
* &quot;Peerages by Courtesy.&quot; Debrett's. (Accessed March 2015).
* Rayment, Leigh. Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page http://www.leighrayment.com (accessed June 2019).

== Biographical Dictionaries ==
*Howard, Joseph Jackson. Visitation of England and Wales. Frederick Arthur Crisp, ed. Vol. 12. [Privately printed by Crisp, #91 of 500 ], 1904. Google Books https://books.google.com/books?id=VFBFAAAAYAAJ.
*Kingsley, Nick. ''Landed families of Britain and Ireland''. https://landedfamilies.blogspot.com/.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://landedfamilies.blogspot.com|title=Landed families of Britain and Ireland|website=landedfamilies.blogspot.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-04-08}} https://landedfamilies.blogspot.com/.&lt;/ref&gt;
*Moon, George Washington. ''Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries''. G. Routledge, 1891. Google Books https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=z6kDAAAAYAAJ&amp;.
*''Royal Blue Book: Fashionable Directory and Parliamentary Guide''.
**1901. ''Google Books'' https://books.google.com/books?id=QlUuAAAAMAAJ.
**Kelly's Directories, 1902. ''Google Books'' https://books.google.com/books?id=-VYuAAAAMAAJ. &quot;the names and addresses of the better class [sic] residents in the district roughly comprised in the area bounded by Hampstead on the North, the Chelsea reaches of the Thames on the South, Finsbury Circus on the East, and Hammersmith on the West.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Preface.&quot; {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-VYuAAAAMAAJ|title=Royal Blue Book: Fashionable Directory and Parliamentary Guide|date=1902|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|3}}
*Thom, Adam Bissett, compiler. ''The Upper Ten Thousand: A Biographical Handbook of All the Titled... The Upper Ten Thousand: An Alphabetical List of All Members of Noble Families, Bishops, Privy Councillors, Judges, Baronets, Members of the House of Commons, Lords-Lieutenant, Governors of Colonies, Knights and Companions of Orders, Deans and Archdeacons, and the Superior Offices of the Army and Navy, with Their Official Descriptions and Addresses''. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1875. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/uppertenthousan00thomgoog.
*''Who's Who 1897''. Ed., Douglas Sladen. Adam &amp; Charles Black, 1897. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ.

== Bibliography ==
* Blake, Robert. &quot;Never Has So Few Owned So Much.&quot; The New York Times Archives (4 November 1990). http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/04/books/never-has-so-few-owned-so-much.html. Review of Cannadine.
* Cracroft's Peerage: The Complete Guide to the British Peerage &amp; Baronetage. http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/ accessed December 2016).
* Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage. Ed., Robert H. Mair. Royal Edition. London: Dean, 1884. Rpt. Google Books (accessed April 2015). https://books.google.com/books?id=Vlo-AQAAIAAJ.
* Kelly's Handbook to the Upper Ten Thousand for 1879, Containing about Twenty Thousand Names of the Titled, Landed &amp; Official Classes. Fifth Annual Edition. London: Kelly and Co., 1879: 276. Google Books: (accessed December 2016).
* Lodge, Edmund. &quot;Galloway, Earl of. Collatoral Branches.&quot; The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire as at Present Existing. 59th ed. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1890: pp. 266–67. https://books.google.com/books?id=BxQwAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA267.
* Miller, G. M. BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
* &quot;Peerages by Courtesy.&quot; Debrett's. (Accessed March 2015).
* Thom, Adam Bissett, compiler. The Upper Ten Thousand: A Biographical Handbook of All the Titled... The Upper Ten Thousand: An Alphabetical List of All Members of Noble Families, Bishops, Privy Councillors, Judges, Baronets, Members of the House of Commons, Lords-Lieutenant, Governors of Colonies, Knights and Companions of Orders, Deans and Archdeacons, and the Superior Offices of the Army and Navy, with Their Official Descriptions and Addresses. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1875. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/uppertenthousan00thomgoog.
* Thompson, F. M. L. English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century. 1963.
* Walford, Edward. The Windsor Peerage for 1893 (Fourth Year). London: Chatto &amp; Windus, 1893. Google Books https://books.google.com/books?id=ick-AAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA592&amp;dq=algernon+fulke+greville&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjQ48SChejQAhVEzVQKHVLsCAk4PBDoAQgaMAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false (accessed December 2016)</text>
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      <text bytes="57103" sha1="5qlq6d5ltmokalya5sk0ufug9h1elpf" xml:space="preserve">[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s | 1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880 | 1880]] 1881 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882 | 1882]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883 | 1883]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884 | 1884]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885 | 1885]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886 | 1886]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887 | 1887]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888 | 1888]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889 | 1889]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]] 

==January==
&quot;Some time before the last illness he [Disraeli] gathered round him one evening some friends, who may pardon the mention of their names, as a proof that he never permitted politics to interfere with friendships. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, Lord and Lady Granville, Lord and Lady Spencer, Lady Chesterfield, Lady Dudley, Lady Lonsdale, Lord and Lady Barrington, Lord and Lady Cadogan, Lord Bradford, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild. Sir Frederick Leighton, and Mr. Henry Manners dined with him.&quot; (Ewald, quoting Lady John Manners, p. 581, Col B, fn)
===1 January, Thursday, New Year's Day===
===18 January 1881, Tuesday===
&quot;Tuesday, Jan. 18, will ever be memorable in meteorological annals for the Snow Hurricane with bleached London and England generally&quot; (Penny Illustrated Paper, &quot;Our Illustrations,&quot; &quot;The Reign of Jack Frost,&quot; p. 4). The Queen was on the Isle of Wight, and &quot;The roads to Ryde and Newport were blocked and impassable. The drifts near Osborne were ten and twelve feet deep. The steamers were unable to cross the Solent; and, as at one period of the day the telegraph-poles were blown down, all communication between the island and the mainland was cut off&quot; (Penny Illustrated Paper, &quot;Our Illustrations,&quot; &quot;Royalty in the Snow and on the Ice,&quot; p. 4.)

In London itself, &quot;By eight in the morning a full gale was blowing, accompanied by sleet, the wind appearing at different times to blow from different quarters. Snow descended to heavily that by eleven the roads and paths were impassable, and the scene generally was of the wildest possible description. The comparatively few persons in the streets had the greatest difficulty in making progress through the blinding snow, now ankle-deep; horses with heavily-laden vehicles could not move; the tram-cars in all parts of the metropolis had to temporarily cease running, and even on some of the railways the snow-drift occasioned by the gale lay so deep – in parts two feet and even three feet – that trains were brought to a stand-still. Added to all this, the force of the 'circular wind' brought additional dangers in the shape of tiles, chimney-pots, &amp;c., from the housetops, and it is computed that at least sixty persons were admitted to the London hospitals, which, since the present severe weather has set in, have had more cases of broken limbs, dislocations, and wounds of various kinds attended within their walls than have been known for some time.

&quot;In the City especially, now crossed and recrossed over the housetops by telegraphic wires in every direction, which swayed violently with each rapidly succeeding gust of wind, the danger to pedestrians was greatly increased. Our picture of St. Paul's-churchyard, as viewed from the top of Ludgate-hill, gives a fair idea of the fury of the storm. The snow continued during the whole of the day. Attempts were made in many parts of London to remove it, but they were all futile, and night witnessed the remarkable spectacle of a metropolis comparatively deserted, theatres and other places of amusement being half empty. At the doors of the West-End club-houses commissionaires and porters during the night were constantly blowing their whistles for cabs, but without response. Not until the Wednesday morning could any estimate of the damage be arrived at. The first fact which impressed itself upon business men was the absense of letters either from the Continent or the provinces, not a mail of any description getting through to London in time for the early morning deliveries, which a good portion did not arrive before the Thursday. The breakage of the telegraph wires in many places also causes a serious delay to messages.&quot; (p. 5)

===19 January 1881, Wednesday===
Constance (de Rothschild) Battersea, in her Memoirs, says of the wedding between her cousin Leopold de Rothschild and Marie Perugia, the sister of Mrs. Arthur Sassoon, &lt;quote&gt;Many were the messages of congratulation that poured in upon the bridegroom, amongst them a letter from Lord Beaconsfield, who wrote: &quot;I have always been of opinion that there cannot be too many Rothschilds.&quot; The marriage took place in 1881, and the day proved a memorable one. It was the 19th of January, following upon a terrific snowstorm and blizzard, which prevented some of the guests from attending the wedding. Amongst those, however, who did was the Prince of Wales, who seemed much impressed with the Jewish marriage ceremony, and had his place, I remember, opposite the Ark between two of my cousins. From this happy marriage sprang three sons: Lionel, Evelyn, and Anthony — the second son, most charming and well-beloved, doomed, alas, to the great grief of his family, to fall in Palestine during the Great War, in November 1917!&lt;/quote&gt; (http://books.google.com/books?id=Z0gJAAAAIAAJ, p. 48).

===20 January 1881, Thursday===
The Prince of Wales and Lord Beaconsfield (&quot;Dizzy&quot;) dine with Lord Ronald Gower at Stafford House (Gower 5).

===27 January 1881, Thursday===
Lord Ronald Gower has luncheon at Kensington Palace, where William Morris, &quot;poet and paper manufacturer,&quot; was one of the speakers (Gower 5).

==February==

=== 5 February 1881, Saturday ===
Thomas Carlyle died.

===18 February 1881, Friday===
Bret Harte met the Van de Velde, dining at their house (accompanied by the Trübners?) (Gary Scharnhorst. Bret Harte: Opening the American Literary West.The Oklahoma Western Biographies. Vol. 17. Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma P, 2000. Page 163).

===21 February 1881, Monday===
In her ''Journals'', Lady Knightley says, &quot;I came up [to London] for a lark, combined with G.F.S. Council, spent the whole day on the committee, dined with the old Duchess, and went to a charming party at Nora's&quot; (Journals 346).

===22 February 1881, Tuesday===
In her ''Journals'', Lady Knightley says, &quot;Again spent most of the day at the G.F.S. Council, dined with Lord Leven, and went to parties at Polly Ridley’s and Mrs. Brand’s. I sat between Lord Reay and Sir Stafford Northcote, who was particularly pleasant&quot; (Journals 346). The House of Lords was debating Ireland, and this party and her journal discussed those debates.

==March==
Thomas E. Kebbel &quot;saw him [Disraeli] for the last time at a London party one evening in March, and he then seemed to be quite as strong and well as a man of his age could be expected to be&quot; (154). (Kebbel, T. [Thomas] E. [Edward] Life of Lord Beaconsfield. International Statesmen Series. Ed., Lloyd C. Sanders. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1888. Google Books. Retrieved 12 February 2010.)

Disraeli's homeopathic physician, Dr. Joseph Kidd, says, “In the spring of 1881 he felt the cold most keenly, and seldom went out for a walk, his only exercise. Yet he could not deny himself the pleasure of going into society in the evening. He thought that with fur coats and shut carriage he might risk it. But on one of the worst nights in March he went out to dinner, and returning / home was caught for a minute by the deadly blast of the north-east wind laden with sleet. Bronchitis developed the next morning with distressing asthma, loss of appetite, fever, and congestion of the kidneys.” (68-69)

=== 2 March 1881 ===
Russian Emperor Alexander II was assassinated.

===19 March 1881, Saturday===
Disraeli dined with the Prince of Wales at Marlborough House (the last time Disraeli dined &quot;from home&quot;). (&quot;Edward VII.&quot; Dictionary of National Biography. Ed., Sir Sidney Lee. Second Supplement, Vol. 1. London: Smith Elder, 1912. Page 533, Col. B.)

===26 March 1881, Saturday===
Disraeli &quot;took a slight part in a political gathering held at his residence a week later&quot; (Irving, Joseph. Annals of Our Time: A Diurnal of Events, Social and Political Home and Foreign: From February 24, 1871, to the Jubilee, June 20, 1887. London: Macmillan, 1889. Google Books. Retrieved 14 February 2010. [Google citation says Volume 2, but I don’t see it on the title page or anywhere around.]).

===30 March 1881, Wednesday===
First notice to the Times that Disraeli was ill, which begins with this: &quot;It has been known throughout the country that Lord Beaconsfield for some days past was suffering from an attack of asthma, caused by exposure to the prevalent east winds. During the time he had been attended by his medical advisor, Dr. Kidd, who, however, entertained no anxiety. The symptoms of Lord Beaconsfield's indisposition fluctuated to some extent, but it was not thought that he was suffering from anything beyond an ordinary cold, which a few days' confinement to the house would eradicate. Within the last few days, however, symptoms of a graver character manifested themselves, and Dr. Kidd became more concerned on his patient's behalf. He attended him more closely, paying him frequent visits in the course of each day. On Sunday night still graver symptoms appeared, causing the doctor to remain all night. It was found that, in addition to a severe asthmatical cough, Lord Beaconsfield was suffering from an attack of suppressed gout, and the object which Dr. Kidd had in view was to develop the gout, and so relieve the asthma. During Monday Lord Beaconsfield was suffering greatly, and towards evening reports reached the House of Commons and the political clubs of his illness.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Wednesday, March 30, 1881, p. 7. Issue 30155, Col. E. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

==April 1881==
===1 April 1881, Friday===
According to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', &lt;blockquote&gt;Lord Beaconsfield passed a somewhat quieter night, and is said to be a little better to-day. Dr. Quain arrived at Curzon-street about half-past nine and after a consultation with Dr. Kidd had taken place, the following bulletin was issued at a quarter past ten o'clock: —

&quot;Lord Beaconsfield has passed the night without any severe attack of spasms. His lordship is weak, but in other respects the symptoms have improved.&quot;

Dr. Quain, the Central News states, informed their reporter that his lordship has been able to take good nourishment; but though the case is more hopeful the patient will require continued and careful watching. The next bulletin will be issued at nine o'clock this evening, after the usual evening conference between Dr. Kidd and Dr. Quain.
The Press Associate is able to state upon authority that, although there is much to contend with in the state of Lord Beaconsfield's health, his medical advisers are of opinion that the crisis has been passed, and that there is every hope for the recovery of the noble earl.

The inquiries to-day have already been very numerous. Among the earliest inquirers were the Duke of Cambridge, Lord Lytton, Sir Moses Montefiore, Mr. A. de Rothschild, Mr. Beresford-Hope, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, and the Duchess of Sutherland. Mr. Gladstone has also sent to inquire.

It is stated that yesterday Lord Beaconsfield was employed in correcting for Hansard his last speech in the House of Lords. In the course of the afternoon Dr. Kidd superintended the removal of his patient from one room to another, and the change did not seem in any way to cause him distress. Dr. Kidd remained with his lordship again last night, it being deemed necessary that some one should be hourly in attendance.

The Lancet says: — &quot;The noble earl suffers from a lack of nerve power — as distinguished from cerebral energy — which is by no means uncommon in men of Lord Beacsonsfield's type. The intensity of his lordship's vital force has for may years been remarkable, but it has been mainly due to mental energy, called forth in response to mental stimuli. With an organism so energetic and thus vitalized, there must needs be a perpetual liability to the suppression or metastasis of diseases which require a somewhat high grade of local disturbance to reach their normal type; meanwhile there are necessarily great irritability and weakness. The difficulties attending the management of such a case are obviously great, and its vicissitudes many and various.&quot; (The Pall Mall Gazette 1 April 1881 Issue 5025; page 8)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===2 April 1881, Saturday===
According to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', &lt;blockquote&gt;The improvement in Lord Beaconsfield's condition yesterday morning was not maintained all day. In the evening he was more feverish and restless, and effect possibly due to the occurrene of gout in the foot not previously affected. Dr. Kidd again remained with his patient during the night, and his report htis morning was more favourable. His lordship passed a quiet night and took more nourishment. Dr. Quain arrived about half-past nine o'clock this morning, and after a consultation had taken palce between Dr. Quain and Dr. Kidd, which lasted an hour and ten minutes, the following bulleting was issued:—

&quot;10.40 A.M. — Lord Beaconsfield has had some quiet sleep during the night. The gout in the right foot is rather more developed. The spasms have been relieved, but otherwise the chest symptoms continue the same.&quot;

The anxiety felt as to Lord Beaconsifield's conditions, owing to the somewhat unfavourabloe bulletin of last night, was shown by the large number of inquiries this morning. The central News says that the medical gentlemen in attendance consider his lordship to be better than he wa slast night, but not so well as he was yesterday morning. Rest and quietness are essential to recovery, and strict injunctions have been given that no visitors are to be admitted. Dr.s Quain and Kidd again both saw his lordship after the issue of this morning's bulletin, and they then left Curzon-street.

The callers yesterday were as numerous as on Wednesday and Thursday. Prince Leopold and the Duke of Cambridge paid personal visits to the house, and special telgrams were, by request, sent to the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh.

A telegram was received by Lord Barrington last evening from Lord Rowton to the effect that he was absolutely detained at Marseilles on account of his sister's illness, and that the doctors forbade him to leave her. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

===13 April 1881, Wednesday===
In its daily news item on the crisis in the health of Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, the ''Times'' reported that, after it inquired &quot;shortly before midnight,&quot; and was told the following:

&lt;quote&gt;Lord Beaconsfield has passed a day of restlessness, followed at 7 o'clock this evening by an attack of difficult respiration. The attack, which created considerable anxiety for a short time, passed over and later on his lordship was able to take some food and rest.

It is difficult to suppress the anxiety which these repeated attacks give rise to — for, though the patient rallies from day to day, each successive attack leaves him less equal to resist their recurrence.&lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Wednesday, April 13, 1881, p. 7. Issue 30167, Col. F. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===14 April 1881, Thursday===
People continued to gather in Curzon Street, where Disraeli lived. As always, the ''Times'' also lists who notable inquired or visited. ''The Lancet'' and the ''British Medical Journal'', which had been reporting on Disraeli's illness as well, are quoted. According to the ''Times'' report, the ''British Medical Journal'' says the following: &quot;It is unnecessary to say that every variety of strong and digestible nourishment that can be suggested is at the command of his medical attendants; and it is a fact of the greatest interest and curiosity that from all parts of Europe, as well as of this country, different forms of food, wine, and other stimulants continue to be sent.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Thursday, April 14, 1881, p. 6. Issue 30168, Col. B. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===15 April 1881, Friday===
Good Friday.

According to the daily story on Disraeli's illness in the ''Times'', the usual physicians' report was issued at 10:15 a.m., and &quot;Large numbers of persons, including members of the working classes, were assembled when this statement was published. A copy of it was forwarded to Her Majesty and members of the Royal Family.&quot; &quot;The profound interest manifested by Her Majesty in the well-being of Lord Beaconsfield has been shared by Her Majesty's subjects of all degrees. The number of letters received offering suggestions or making inquiries of one kind or another would form a most curious volume, whilst the collection of articles of food or diet sent to Curzon-street would constitute a perfect cabinet of hygiene or physic.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Friday, April 15, 1881, p. 7. Issue 30169, Col. F. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===16 April 1881, Saturday===
According to the daily story on Disraeli's illness in the ''Times'', &quot;favourable&quot; reports on his condition were issued at 1:00 a.m., 5:00 a.m., and then it quotes from the 10:15 a.m. report. The story ends with a report from the 11:30 p.m. reponse to inquiries: &quot;Lord Beaconsfield has passed the day in a condition satisfactory to his physicians. He has taken nourishment at longer intervals and readily, on one occasion even expressing a desire to have it. His Lordship's progress must be slow under the most favourable circumstances; but there is nothing in the present aspect of the case to show that it will not be sure.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Saturday, April 16, 1881, p. 5. Issue 30170, Col. F. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===17 April 1881, Sunday===
Easter Sunday.

===18 April 1881, Monday===
The ''Times'' reported &quot;two bulletins&quot; from Saturday that were &quot;favourable&quot; and that Dr. Kidd did not spend Saturday night at Disraeli's house in Curzon Street, for the first time in three weeks, but the story ends with this: 

&lt;quote&gt;The following detailed account of Lord Beaconsfield's condition during the day was furnished to us in answer to our inquiries at 11 30 last night: —

Lord Beaconsfield has been more restless at intervals during the last 24 hours, and he has taken less nourishment. Rest and food being essential elements in the recovery of strength, deficiency in these effects must have an unfavourable effect. His Lordship consequently is found somewhat weaker, though in other respect unchanged to night. A failure of this kind, however slight, which would be immaterial in a younger person, naturally creates anxiety concerning the result in the case of one of advanced years who, like Lord Beaconsfield, as gone through so grave an illness. There is, however, happily, no material retrogression to-night.&lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Monday, April 18, 1881, p. 9. Issue 30171, Col. F. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===19 April 1881, Tuesday===
Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield, died. The ''Times'' report, moved up to page 3 from its usual page 6 or so, reports the previous day's events like this: &quot;Our readers will bear with deep concern that, with the return of the east wind, Lord Beaconsfield's condition has materially changed for the worse.&quot; &quot;During the day a very large number of persons visited Curzon-street to read the bulletin posted in front of Lord Beaconsfield's house.&quot; There was a report at 9:00 p.m.: &quot;Lord Beaconsfield's condition has not been satisfactory during the day. He has been free from urgent symptoms, and taken more nourishment, yet he rather loses strength.&quot; Here is the 11:30 report: &quot;The improvement which occurred in Lord Beaconsfield's health during last week is not maintained to-day. He is free from urgent or distressing symptoms, and during the afternoon he has been able to take nourishment sufficiently well. Still, he rather loses than gains strength, and he sleeps heavily at intervals. The physicians see in those symptoms grounds for more grave anxiety as to the result than at any period during his lordship's illness.&quot; Then, the next paragraph, which concludes the story, says, &quot;At 1 o'clock this morning Lord Beaconsfield's condition had not changed since the issue of the last bulletin. No improvement was perceptible. Lord Rowton remained in the house.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Tuesday, April 19, 1881, p. 3. Issue 30172, Col. E. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.) 

“William Gladstone was at home in Flintshire, North Wales, when the news came early that morning [at 8:00 a.m.]. Benjamin Disraeli was dead. It was hardly unexpected, but Gladstone immediately recognized the implications for himself and the country. ‘It is a telling, touching event,’ he confided to his diary. ‘There is no more extraordinary man surviving in Englad, perhaps none in Europe. I must not say much, in the presence as it were of his Urn.’” (Aldous, Richard. The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. Google Books, retrieved 13 February 2010. Page 1.)

&quot;The sad tidings of the great statesman's death did not become generally known in the metropolis until the forenoon of Easter Tuesday, and as the railway trains kept bringing in their carriages full of passengers, returning from their Easter holiday-making in all parts of the country, intense became the excitement at the various metropolitan stations, on their seeing posted up in large letters at the newspaper-stands, 'Death Of Lord Beaconsfield.' Crowds collected, and groups of people of all classes, in grave and often tearful converse, gathered there all throughout the day, evidently absorbed in the one great and mournful subject of so melancholy yet memorable an occasion. And it was much the same in every other place of public resort. The clubs of every character and complexion, political and social, were agitated all day long by the exciting topic. It was one that, in all directions, threw every other into the shade. And it may be said with considerable truth that, with very partial, and by no means very respectable exceptions, the public mind of London — as, indeed, it soon appeared, of every other part of the kingdom — was sincerely and deeply affected by the mournful event&quot; (Kebbel 300). Baron Redesdale says, &quot;day after day the blasts, charged with all the filth of the great city, blew fiercely and yet more fiercely, bringing poison to those parched lungs. On the 19th of April he died, choked by London&quot; (Redesdale 676).

===20 April 1881, Wednesday===
The article announcing Disraeli's death and summarizing his career appears to take up more than one entire page: 6 columns on one page and perhaps 1.25 on the next. Here is the main description of his Jewish heritage, and it begins the second paragraph of the article: &quot;Lord Beaconsfield was of alien, although not obscure, extraction; he came of the separate people which, since it has been scattered from a land of its own, has been persecuted or ostracized by Christian intolerance. His family was ancient; allied, it is said, with that high Hebrew aristocracy of Spain that embraced individuals of the stamp of his own Sidonias, it traced its descent through merchant princes of Venice to a stem that had been transplanted from the East in very early days. But, like other privileges, such claims of blood came under the head of Jewish disabilities, and did less than nothing to help him in the struggle towards a position that seemed practically beyond his dreams. Now that he has pioneered the way for his people, blunting in 50 years the hard fighting the prejudices that every step imposed themselves to his own advance towards power; now that Jews sit as matter of right among the representatives of the country, legislating for interests in which they have a common concern with their fellows — it is difficult to measure the distance that then divided the young aspirant from the Premiership of England.&quot;

There is another discussion of his &quot;Jewish descent&quot; beginning at the bottom of Column C and continuing at the top of Column D: &quot;We have remarked that, like a man of spirit and shrewdness, in his writings as in his speeches, [Col break] Disraeli boldly prided himself on his Jewish descent and the glories of his race. Jews rich in gifts as in gold are the mythical heroes of the Utopias in his fictions. But the most eloquent defence of his people against the prejudices of Christendom is to be found in that chapter of the 'Political Biography' which precedes the explanation of Lord George Bentinck's conduct with respect to the Jewish disabilities. In ingenious arguments, more sophistical than satisfactory, he seeks to demonstrate that these prejudices are neither historically true nor dogmatically sound, and urges characteristically that we owe the Jews a large debt of gratitude for becoming the instruments to carry out the great doctrine of the Atonement. That he felt more than natural sympathy, that he took a genuine pride in his people, there can be no doubt whatever, and as little that he had no bigoted prejudice against religious emancipation in the abstract. Yet, when Lord George Bentinck resigned the leadership of his party rather than countenance its intolerance on the question of Jewish disabilities; when he not only voted, but exerted himself, under great physical suffering, to address the House on behalf of the Jews, Mr. Disraeli took a different view of his duty. It is impossible not to suspect that here, as elsewhere, he sacrificed conscience and inclination alike to what he considered as the paramount claims of party.&quot; (&quot;The Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Wednesday, April 20, 1881, p. 7. Issue 30173, Col. A. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

There is another article addressing his death directly. (&quot;The Death of the Earl of Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Wednesday, April 20, 1881, p. 9. Issue 30173, Col. E. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===21 April 1881, Thursday===
An article in the ''Times'' directly addresses the questions of the two funerals: &quot;It is as yet undecided whether Lord Beaconsfield is to be buried in Westminster Abbey with a public funeral, or privately by the side of this wife in Hughenden churchyard. We stated yesterday that Mr. Gladstone, on receiving the sad news of Lord Beaconsfield's death, telegraphed at once to Lord Rowton and to the executors, Sir N. M. de Rothschild, M.P., and Sir Philip Rose, offering, on the part of the Government, a public funeral, and we are enabled this morning to give the continuation of the correspondence ....&quot; The article quotes the will, providing for burial in Hughenden and a simple funeral, and says the Queen prefers he be buried in Westminster. It describes his lying in state in the room in which he died, though not on the couch on which he died, which has been removed from the room. There is a description of the moment of his death, when he seemed to the two men in the room to be about to rise to speak in Parliament. More stories from the foreign press are reported, as are descriptions of meetings in which people speak of Disraeli or of meetings that are cancelled. (&quot;The Late Lord Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Thursday, April 21, 1881, p. 5. Issue 30174, Col. F [and continuing on to p. 6, Cols A-C]. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===22 April 1881, Friday===
The ''Times'' reports that the Queen has decided because of Disraeli's will that the funeral will be in Hughenden and Disraeli interred beside his late wife. The ''Times'' also reports stories from Vienna and ''The Lancet''. (&quot;The Late Lord Beaconsfield,&quot; The Times. Friday, April 22, 1881, p. 5. Issue 30175, Col. F. Accessed online 7 February 2010. The Times Digital Archive 1785-1985.)

===23 April 1881, Saturday===
Leonora Braham opens in Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride'' (at the Opera Comique) to positive reviews.

===26 April 1881, Tuesday===
Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield's funeral.

===30 April 1881, Saturday===
Annual banquet for the Royal Academy. Gladstone attended: &quot;Staring down at him was a magnificent four-foot oil portrait of Disraeli by the brilliant society artist Sir John Millais. The picture was a work in progress, which gave it an added poignancy. More to the point, it was an obvious partner for a portrait of Gladstone completed two years earlier. Gladstone had been painted in right profile. Now Disraeli, in left profile, would catch his eye in artistic perpetuity. / Speaker after speaker at the dinner referred to Millais’ painting, and to its pair. Gladstone, who often struggled with social off-the-cuff remarks, was not prepared to speak on Disraeli. When he rose, he astonished the audience by remarking coldly of the portrait that ‘it is, indeed an unfinished work. In this sense it was a premature death.’ / ‘Made my speech,’ Gladstone wrote in his diary when he returned home: ‘this year especially difficult.’” (Aldous 5) Also, Victoria went to Hughenden, to the vault where Disraeli was buried, to pay her respects.

Here is the ILN's version of it: &quot;Last Saturday her Majesty and Princess Beatrice drove through Rayner's Park, the residence of Sir Philip Rose, to Hughenden church, where they were recieved by Lord Rowton and the Rev. Henry and Mrs. Blagden, who conducted them to the tomb of the late Earl of Beaconsfield, where they placed a wreath and cross of flowers. The Queen afterwards proceeded to Hughenden Manor, and drove back to Windsor through High Wycombe. Princess Louise of Lorne and the Duchess of Connaught arrived at the castle early in the evening; and the Duke of Connaught and Prince Leopold arrived after attending the royal Academy dinner&quot; (&quot;The Court.&quot; Illustrated London News, Saturday, May 07, 1881; pg. 450; Issue 2190).

==May 1881==
===1 May 1881, Sunday===
In her ''Journals'', Lady Knightley says, &quot;I went to Westminster Abbey, which was crowded with a dense congregation, listening with rapt interest to an intellectual treat — a dissertation by Dean Stanley on Lord Beaconsfield. He selected a curious text: Judg. Xvi. 30: 'So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life.' All the way through he coupled him with Gladstone, calling them the Great Twin Brethren. And I sat on the altar steps, at the foot of one of the columns, with the statues of the mightier rivals, Pitt and Fox, facing me, and listening to a magnificent anthem on King David, composed by Handel and finished by Goss, which had never been performed since the death of Wellington. …&quot; (Journals 347).

“At a packed Westminster Abbey, Gladstone attended Disraeli’s [5] /[6] memorial service. The dean, Arthur Stanley, who had attended the same prep school as Gladstone, gave the address. His text was Judges 16:30: ‘So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life.’ In the middle of the peroration, the dean unexpectedly combined Disraeli with (the still very much alive) Gladstone. They were, observed Stanley while the prime minister flushed and squirmed, the ‘Great Twin Brothers’ of British political life.” (Aldous 5-6) &quot;So vivid was the impression made on that young mind [of Frederick Bridges, the Permanent Deputy-Organist of Westminster Abbey 1875-1882] by the dirge 'Know ye not that a Prince and a great man is fallen this day in Israel?' that when, twenty-nine years later, he had to prepare the music for the memorial service of Lord Beaconsfield, he suggested this anthem to Dean Stanley. Upon being told for what occasion it had been composed, the Dean observed that the death of Lord Beaconsfield had made a greater impression on the public mind than the death of any great man since Wellington. It is also interesting to record that this most appropriate dirge was sung at the Dean's own funeral in the Abbey, July 25, 1881.&quot; (&quot;Sir Frederick Bridge,&quot; 514 Col A)

===4 May 1881, Wednesday===
In the 30 April 1881 issue of the ''Illustrated London News'', the &quot;Home News&quot; column says that &quot;Mr. Russell Lowell, the United States Minister, will take the chair at the next anniversary dinner of the Literary Fund, which is to held [sic] at Willis's Rooms next Wednesday,&quot; which is probably Wednesday, 4 May 1881 (&quot;Home News.&quot; Illustrated London News. Saturday, April 30, 1881; pg. 427; Issue 2189). George Augustus Sala, in his 14 May 1881 column &quot;Echoes of the Week,&quot; says this: &quot;I went, on Wednesday, the Fourth of May, to the annual festival, at Willis's Rooms, of the Royal Literary Fund. The American Minister, the Hon. James Russell Lowell, was in the chair. There was a large gathering; and I was glad to notice, among the usual assemblage of Peers, members of Parliament, dignified clerics, medical men, and publishers, a fair springling of working men of letters. Professional literature was represented by Mr. Leslie Stephen, Mr. Justin M'Carthy, Mr. Edund Yates, Mr. Blanchard Jerrold, Mr. Fraser Rae, and a few others; but I should have liked to see a great man more 'live authors' present. The Royal Literary Fund is a most admirable charity, generously, sagaciously, and delicately administered; and it is entitled to the support of every literary man. If he be a prosperous one, to help his less for-fortunate [sic; pb at hyphen] brethren, through the medium of this quietly beneficent institution, becomes a bounden duty. [new paragraph] Mr. James Russell Lowell made several speeches, full of tranquil humour adn refined scholarship. This Excellency, it is true, fathered on Swift a droll anecdote about a charity sermon, which anecdone, I believe, was first narrated in connection with the Rev. Rowland Hill; and again, from his interesting enumeration of American writers Mr. Lowell, oddly enough, omitted the names of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Edgar Allan Poe. Whether he mentioned Bret Harte, Mark Twain, adn George W. Curtis, I am not quite certain. If am rather deaf. Sir Garnet Wolseley made a capital speech, delievered with ringing emphasis; Mr. Justin M'Carthy returned thanks with equal elegance and eloquence for English Literature; but the finest oratorical display of the evening was unquestionably that made by Lord Coleridge. It was splendidly polished and sonorous, in matter and in manner alike unimpeachable; and to listen to it was a rich literary treat. [new paragraph] One of the noble speakers at the top table, in responding to the toast of the House of Peers, quoted the names of Lords Bacon, Bolingbroke, Derby, Macaulay, Lytton, adn Beaconsfield as exemplifying the close connection between literature and politics. The noble speaker might have added to his list Lord Shaftesbury of the 'Characteristics,' two Lord Strangfords — the translator of the Lusiad and the accomplished peer but lately among us: Lord Lyttelton, the historian; Lords Brougham, Campbell, Dorset, Roscommon, Stanhope, and Orford. For did not Horace Walpole die an Earl? Finally, the noble speaker might have known that there was never a 'Lord' Bacon. There was a wonderful genius by the name of Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Veralum and Viscount St. Albans. Those who study with love and reverence his immortal works would blush to call him 'Lord' Bacon. They speak of him as 'Bacon,' or as he, with simple dignity, was wont to speak of himsef, 'Francis of Veralum.'&quot; (Sala, George Augustus. &quot;Echoes of the Week.&quot; Illustrated London News, Saturday, May 14, 1881; pg. 467; Issue 2191)

=== 1881 May 10, Tuesday ===
This is the worst-written description of this kind of event I have read in a 19th-century British newspaper — wordy and bombastic even by Victorian standards. Perhaps a new reporter for this small regional paper? The wedding of Miss Marion Lascelles and Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst:&lt;blockquote&gt;NUPTIAL REJOICINGS AT MIDDLETHORPE MANOR.

MARRIAGE OF MISS LASCELLES AND LIEUT. BROCKLEHURST.

Tuesday last was without doubt a red letter day in the calendar associated with Middlethorpe Manor, the residence of the Hon. Egremont W. Lascelles, brother of the [[Social Victorians/People/Harewood|Earl of Harewood]], as on that day Miss Marion Lascelles, his eldest daughter, was united in the holy bands of matrimony to Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst, of the Second Life Guards, nephew of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, of Swithamley Park, Macclesfield.

Before speaking of the marriage ceremonial, which took place at Bishopthorpe Church, we may state that in the immediate vicinity of Middlethorpe Manor bunting was displayed in token of rejoicing at the auspicious event about to take place, and along the approach to the church was a profuse display of national and other flags extending in rows across the road. At the entrance to the church yard was a triumphal arch composed of flowers and evergreens, and on one side was the motto &quot;God bless them,&quot; whilst on the other was the inscription &quot;Health and happiness.&quot; These mottoes were flanked with the monograms of the bride and bridegroom. The long and straight footpath leading from the archway we have named to the church porch was covered with scarlet cloth, and it was fringed on each side with a bordering of primroses and other flowers now in season. The aisle of the church from the porch to the altar rail was adorned precisely in a similar style, but with a little more elaboration in the details. A collection of beautiful flowering plants was displayed in the chancel, and it may be stated that the immense number of primroses and other flowers were the gift of Miss Steward, Bishopthorpe, and the Hon. and Rev. J. W. Lascelles, Goldsbro'. So much for the preliminaries, and before proceeding with the facts in connection with the marital ceremony to be celebrated in the church we will give a list of the numerous and valuable presents given to Miss Lascelles, as a token of esteem entertained for the young lady, and respect for her parents, the occasion of the marriage being the fitting opportunity for giving a tangible proof of the high regard in which the Lascelles family are held by their numerous friends. The following is a list of the presents, namely:— 

The Hon. Alfred and Mrs. A. Gathorne Hardy, enamelled dish; Miss Violet Beckett Denison, pearl horseshoe brooch; Sir Frederick Milner, silver necklace; Mr. Walter Forbes, antique silver box; the Hon. and Rev. James Lascelles, set of pearl pins; Earl and Countess of Wharncliffe, diamond and pearl pig brooch; Mr. Dudley Milner, gold horse shoe bracelet; Mr. and Mrs. M'Intosh, pair of China plates; Miss Ogilvy, China plaque; Hon. Mrs. Arthur Lascelles, antique silver sugar bowl and sifter; Hon. Robert Lawley, embroidered pin-cushion cover; Servants of the house, stables, garden, and farm, inlaid black marble clock; Lord and Lady George Hamilton, pair of large silver-mounted scent bottles; Lord and Lady Wenlock, pearl and diamond spray brooch; Misses Edith, Rachel, Catharine, Emma, and Mabel Lascelles, pearl and diamond brocch; Hon. Mrs. James Lascelles, gold enamelled thimble; Major and Mrs. Prendergast, looking-glass in antique tortoiseshell frame; Mr. and Mrs. Jervoise Smith, turquoise and diamond ring; Sir Henry and Lady White, diamond daisy; Colonel Fairfax, travelling clock; Mrs. Fairfax, antique silver box; Colonel and Mrs. Malcolm, inlaid mother of pearl fan; Mr. H. O. Brocklehurst, five diamond stars; Miss Mills and Miss Mabel Mills, gold fan brooch; Hon. Hamilton and Lady Margaret Cuffe, Dresden china lamp; Sir Charles and Lady Louisa Mills, diamond bracelet; Miss F. and Miss H. Cole, antique silver pencil-case; the [[Social Victorians/People/Harewood|Countess of Harewood]], gold mounted travelling bag; Miss Milner, table cover; Miss Fairfax and Mr. Bryan Fairfax, pair of glass flower vases; Dowager Lady Middleton, pair of gold mounted scent bottles; Mr. and Mrs. Smallwood, inkstand; Miss Dent and Miss M. Dent, Dresden cup and saucer, mounted on bracket; Misses Winn (2), painted fan, mounted in mother of pearl; the Hon. Egremont and Mrs. Lascelles, dressing-case with gold mounts; Mrs. Oliver, antique silver pincushion; Captain and Miss Robertson, gilt tray; Mrs. W. Wickham, driving whip; Mr. John Malcolm, gold and intaglio bracelet; Mrs. Winn, pearl and diamond pin; Mr. Dudley Smith, scent bottle and vinaigrette; Colonel and Lady Florence Cust, old paste shoe buckles; Miss F. and Miss E. Duncombe, photograph screen; Mrs. Coke, hand-painted photograph frame; Capt. and Mrs. Slingsby, diamond frog brooch; Captain and Mrs. Starkey, plated spoon, fork, and salad bowl; Captain and Mrs. Palairet, antique silver salver; Mrs. Vyner, set of pearl pins; Miss Wickham, looking-glass in antique brass frame; Hon. Frederick and Mrs. Lascelles, umbrella with agate handle; Miss Brockleharst and Mr. E. Brocklehnrst, pair of diamond earrings; Mr. R. C. Vyner, 12 embroidered handkerchiefs; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]], old enamelled watch set in pearls; Mrs. Scott, silver sugar basin: Miss M. Brocklehurst, old Flemish carved oak cupboard; Mr. P. Crutchley, six gold and silver bangles; Earl of Feversham, small travelling clock; Mrs. Dent, opal and diamond cross; the Hon. Mrs. Beckett Denison, travelling clock; Mr. Gordon Cunard, old Louis XVI. fan, painted by Boucher; Mr. T., Mr. N., Mr. H., and Miss Malcolm, six cut glass flower vases; Mr. and Mrs. George Thompson, pair of brass candlesticks; Mrs. Fairfax, a newspaper holder; Lady Sheffield, a pearl, diamond and ruby bee; Mr. A. Meysey-Thompson, a silver rose muffonier [sic s/b ''muffinier'']; Mrs. Malcolm, a revolving tea-table; Miss Shiffner, silver-mounted Russian leather card case; Mr. Robett Swann, 8 Worcester cups and saucers; Mr. and Mrs. A. Scott, tortoiseshell paper knife; Hon. Alethea Lawley, picture, copy of Carlo Dolci; Miss Maud White, antique silver buckle; Mr. A. Brocklehurst, pearl Marguerite necklace and earrings; Mr. A. Brocklcharst, pearl and diamond bracelet; Miss Liddell and Miss M. Liddell, brass flower stand; Mrs. Clayton, diamond pendant; the Archbishop of York and Mrs. Thomson, silver inkstand; Mr. Cecil, Walter, and Reginald Lascelles, pair of painted terra-cotta vases; Hon. Algernon Lawley, Indian shawl; Hon. Arthur Lawley, antique Florentine cross; Hon. George and Lady Louisa Lascelles, China tea service and tray; Mr. and Mrs. Hartley, pair of silver pig muffoniers [sic s/b muffiniers?]; Mr. and Mrs. Francis Johnstone, umbrella with silver handle; Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, two velvet tables; Miss Evelyn Lascelles, work basket; Mrs. Hewetson, Dresden cup and saucer; Mr. H. D. Brocklehurst, pearl and diamond ring; Mr. W. B. Denison, leather luncheon bag; Miss Maud Denison, pair brass candlesticks aud inkstand; Lord Burghersh, pair of Carltons; Dowager Lady Wenlock, florentine turquoise necklace; the Hon. Katherine Lawley, three turquoise arrows; the Hon. Caryl and Mrs. Molyneux, old silver etui [case]; the Hon. Gerald and Mrs. Lascelles, two Wedgwood bowls; Mrs. Whiteley and children, two Dresden cups and saucers; Mr. Geor[g]e Lane Fox, silver etui [case]; the Dean of York and Lady Emma Cust, pair of China plaques; Mr. Gerald Leatham, card case; Miss Alexander, letter weighing machine; Miss Clare Lascelles, two silver muffiniers; Miss Clare Lascelles, silver penholder; Mr. John Shafto, silver clothes brush; Lady Caroline Lascelles, black and white pearl brooch; Lady Susan Lascelles, silver clasp; the Earl of Harewood, pearl and diamond locket and earrings; Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Mills, silver cream jug; the Rev. Walter and Mrs. Hudson, Dresden china looking-glass; Lady Louisa Mills, pearl and enamel locket; the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Countess of Mayo]], silver scent bottle; Mr. and Mrs. Worthington, silver tea and coffee set; Mr. Dent, old silver salt cellars, mustard pot, bowl, tankard, tray, and urn; Mr. Cosmo Little, silver claret jug and two silver cups; Mr G. Farquhar, pearl and diamond pin; Mr. and Mrs. Talbot, set of silver dessert spoons; the Countess of Shrewsbury, silver pincushion; Mr. Arthur Brocklehurst, silver tray; Mr. and Mrs. C. Brand, silver claret jug; Lord Burghersh, pearl diamond pin; Mr. Harter, spirit case; Hon. W. S. Hanbury, silver mustard pot; Mr. French, silver cream jug; Mr. Millward, silver salad bowl; Mr. Anstruther Thomson, silver bowl; Mrs. Harford, pair of silver gilt candlesticks; Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Brocklehurst, two florentine chairs; Mr. Spicer, spirit stand; Mr. H. Barclay, set of carvers; Mrs. Rodcliffe, silver teapot; Miss Violet Denison, ivory paper knife; Lady Milner, inkstand; Lord and Lady Downe, pair of silver candlesticks; Mr. Atkinson, two silver muffiniers; Captain Tennant, two silver dishes; Captain and Hon. Mrs. Neild, Dresden inkstand; Mr L. H. Jones, set of gold studs and links; Captain Fife, spirit case; Captain and Mrs. Benyon, silver teapot, cream jug, and sugar basin; Mr T. S. Cunningham, set of silver spoons; Lord G. Cains, silver cup; Mr. Fitz Brocklehurst, silver tankard. 

Shortly before half-past eleven o'clock the bride and bridegroom, accompanied by the bridesmaids, relatives, and friends, proceeded in carriages from Middlethorpe Manor to Bishopthorpe Church. The day was beautifully fine, and there was a large concourse of spectators on the route, and especially near to the church. The bridal party walked along the footway we have named, first passing under the floral archway, and then entered the church, the bride being conducted by her father. The sacred edifice was crowded. The festal march, by Scotson Clark, was played by Miss Crosby, who presided at the organ, and immediately after the wedding party entered the church the hymn, &quot;Thine for ever, God of love,&quot; was sung. The bride and bridegroom went to the front of the alter rail, and the marriage ceremony was commenced. The officiating clergyman was the Hon. and Rev. J. W. Lascelles, Goldsborough, uncle of the bride, and he was assisted by the Rev. Walter Hudson, vicar of Bishopthorpe. The bride was &quot;given away&quot; by her father, the Hon. E. W. Lascelles, and the bridegroom's &quot;best man&quot; was Lord Burghersh, eldest son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Westmorland|Earl of Westmoreland]] [sic]. The young ladies who officiated as bridesmaids were Miss Clara Lascelles, Lady Susan Lascelles, Miss A. Brocklehurst, Miss Edith Lascelles, Miss Rachel Lascelles, and Miss Violet Denison. They were all similarly attired, being habited in cream coloured dresses of gauze de Venise and satin merveilleux trimmed with lace. They had lace bonnets, diamond and pearl brooches, and elegant bouquets, the gift of the bridegroom. The bride was attired in an ivory satin and brocade dress, trimmed with Valenciennes lace. She also wore a lace tulle veil, and had diamond and pearl ornaments, and a large and magnificent wedding bouquet. Amongst those present on the interesting occasion we noticed the Earl Harewood, uncle of the bride; Lord Lascelles, Sir Frederick and Lady Milner, Lord and Lady Wenlock, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]], Cnpt., Mrs., and Miss Starkie, Mr. and Mrs. Worthington, Mr. A. Brocklehurst, Mr. E. Brocklehurst, Mr. F. Brocklehurst, Lord Burghersh, Mr. J. D., Mrs., and the Misses (2), Dent, Ribston Park; Mr. Forbes, Mr. and Mrs. Hewetson, Mrs. Oliver, Mrs. W. Wickham, Colonel and Mrs. Fairfax, Hon. and Rev. James and Mrs. Lascelles, the Misses Lascelles (5), Miss V. and Miss M. Nun Apploton; the Hon. Henry Boyle, Lady Susan Lascelles, Mr. and Mrs. G. S. Thompson, Moorlands; Lady Louisa and Miss Lascelles, Sion Hill, Thirsk; Colonel Cust, Miss Shiffner, Mr. J. Brocklehurst, Rev. Walter and Mrs. Hudson, and Miss Alexander, Miss A. Brocklehurst, Mr. S. Bateman, and Major Malcolm, and many other ladies and gentlemen who are named in the list of presents. 

At the conclusion of the ceremony the newly married couple walked arm and arm up the church and left the sacred edifice. They were accompanied by terhe bridesmaids, two and two, and the relatives and friends, Miss Crosby playing Mendellsohn's Wedding March on the organ. On appearing outside the church the happy pair were most cordially greeted, as the crowd &quot;rent the skies with loud [Col. 3c–4a] applause,&quot; whilst the school children strewed before them flowers as they passed along. Having re-entered the carriages, the bridal party returned to Middlethorpe Manor, where an elegant ''dejeuner'' [sic no accent] was served. In the afternoon the bride and bridegroom left Middlethorpe Manor for the railway station ''en route'' for the seat of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, uncle of the bridegroom, Swithamley Park, Macclesfield, where they will pass the honeymoon. 

We may state that the Archbishop of York and the Very Rev. the Dean were unavoidably prevented from being present the marriage. The employes and others at Middlethorpe Manor were hospitably entertained at Bishopthorpe by the Hon. E. W. Lascelles.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst.&quot; ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

==June 1881==
===1 June 1881, Wednesday===
Derby Day.

According to the ''Morning Post'', &lt;quote&gt;The Marchioness of Salisbury's assembly. / Lady Mary Windsor Clive's dance. / The Hon. Mrs. Magniac's dance, instead of the 31st inst. / Mrs. Millais's dance. / Art exhibition at River House, Chelsea Embankment (by kind permission of the Hon. Mrs. John Dundas), in behalf of recreation rooms for working girls in the East of London, and the following day. / Derby Day.&lt;/quote&gt; (&quot;Arrangements for This Day.&quot; The Morning Post Wednesday, 1 June 1881: p. 5 [of 8], Col. 6B).

In her ''Journals'', Lady Knightley says, &quot;Went to Buckingham Palace to see Princess Christian, and with her and Lady Marian Alford to a Domestic Economy Congress meeting; brought her back to luncheon with Emmy Hamilton, Louisa Gordon, and Mr. Leveson, after which I drove with Nora and took her to a Derby tea at Mrs. Lloyd's. Iroquois, an American horse, won. We dined with Lady Lyveden, and went on to a pleasant party at Lady Salisbury's, where I was introduced to Sir Richard Temple, the author of India in 1880, and about the ugliest man whom I ever saw. But he is clever and agreeable, and I am pleased at the testimony he bears to the success of missions in India, which people are so ready to decry&quot; (Journals 148).

===15 June 1881, Wednesday===
In her Journals, Lady Knightley says she and Sir Knightley &quot;went to a party given by the Spencers at South Kensington Museum, where were all the world and his wife, including the King of the Sandwich Islands, who walked about arm in arm with the Princess of Wales. The courts were lighted with electric light, which has a peculiar and not very becoming effect&quot; (Journals 348-49).

===16 June 1881, Thursday===
In her Journals, Lady Knightley says, &quot;We had a most delightful drive to Wimbledon on Lord Tollemache's coach, taking with us Princess Mary's two nice boys. We came in for the Lords and Commons match, and had tea with 'my beautiful lady,' Lady Brownlow .... We met the Crown Prince of Germany to-night at Ishbel Aberdeen's, and Princess Frederica at Londonderry House. I was presented to her&quot; (Journals 348-49).

==July==
===14 July 1881, Thursday===
Thursday afternoon, beginning about 2 p.m., Garden Party at Marlborough House for the Queen; [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]] is listed as having been invited, as are [[Social Victorians/People/Fanny Ronalds|Mrs. Ronalds]], [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], and a number other familiar names (http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000174/18810716/051/0005). Ronald, Lord Gower says, &quot;A garden party at Marlborough House. The Queen present, evidently suffering from the intense heat. I noticed Her Majesty talking much to John Bright&quot; (8).

===18 July 1881, Monday===
Ronald, Lord Gower says, &quot;I made the acquaintance, at a dinner at the Cardross's, of Howard Vincent, who, although but a little over thirty is already at the head of the detective force, and has published half a dozen books. He works all day, and dances half the night&quot; (8).

===19 July 1881, Tuesday===
Ronald, Lord Gower says, &quot;on waking, one heard the bells of the Abbey tolling, Dean Stanley having died during the night. He is a greater loss to the Queen than to the Church&quot; (8).

Ronald, Lord Gower says, &quot;To a fancy dress dance at Lowther Lodge that night. The dance, and Lord Houghton in a skull cap, were both successful and picturesque&quot; (8).

==August 1881==
===29 August 1881, Monday===
Summer Bank Holiday.

==September==
==October 1881==
===10 October 1881, Monday===
&quot;Savoy Theatre, erected for Mr. D'Oyly Carte by Mr. C. J. Phipps, opened 10 Oct. 1881&quot; (Hayden's Dictionary 1104).

==November==
==December 1881==
===15 December 1881, Thursday===
The first performance was in the afternoon. The advertisement announcing the performance says this: &lt;quote&gt;THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.— A MORNING PERFORMANCE (for which Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft have given the use of their theatre) will take place on Thursday next, December 15, commencing at 3 o'clock, in AID of the ROYAL GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND, under the patronage of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales. Goldsmith's comedy of SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER will be played. Mrs. Langtry has kindly consented to take the part of Miss Hardcastle. Messrs. Lionel Brough, Kyrle Bellow, George Barrett, J. Maclean, M. R. Crauford, F. Barsby, A. Bishop, Lestocq, Raiemond, Haines, &amp;c; Mesdames Sophie Larkin, Helen Cresswell, and Mary Brough have generously proffered their valuable services (by permission of their respective managers).&lt;/quote&gt; &lt;cite&gt;&quot;The Times may be Purchased in Paris,.&quot; Times [London, England] 9 Dec. 1881: 6. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 May 2013.&lt;/cite&gt;

The review, published on the 16th, says this: &lt;quote&gt;When we say that yesterday's representation was eminently successful, we are paying the highest compliment to the performers who principally contributed to this result. Foremost among these was Mrs. Langtry, who, it would be affectation to conceal, was the grand attraction of the piece — the attraction which brought together one of the most distinguished audiences that have recently assembled in a theatre. The house overflowed with rank, fashion, and celebrity, including the Prince and Princess of Wales, who are rarely absent when a praiseworthy purpose is to be forwarded or a kind action to be done. The proceeds of the representation, it will be remembered, were to go in aid of the funds of an excellent institution. High-raised as the general expectations might have been, they were not disappointed.&lt;/quote&gt; &lt;cite&gt;&quot;The Haymarket Theatre.&quot; Times [London, England] 16 Dec. 1881: 6. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 May 2013.&lt;/cite&gt;.

==Works Cited==
*Ewald, Alexander Charles. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G., and His Times. Vol. 2. London: William Mackenzie, 1884. Google Books. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
*Hayden's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages. Ed., Benjamin Vincent. 23rd Edition, Containing the History of the World to the End of 1903. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. Page 1104. Google Books, retrieved 23 February 2010.
*Irving, Joseph. Annals of Our Time: A Diurnal of Events, Social and Political Home and Foreign: From February 24, 1871, to the Jubilee, June 20, 1887. London: Macmillan, 1889. Google Books. Retrieved 14 February 2010. [Google citation says Volume 2, but I don’t see it on the title page or anywhere around.]
*Kebbel, T. [Thomas] E. [Edward] Life of Lord Beaconsfield. International Statesmen Series. Ed., Lloyd C. Sanders. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1888. Google Books. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
*Knightly.
*“Sir Frederick Bridge.” The Musical Times and Singing-Class Circular. Vol. XXXVIII. London: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1897. JSTOR. Google Books, retrieved 14 February 2010. [Get page numbers: 513 or so -]
*Redesdale, Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, Baron. Memories. Vol. 2. 9th edition. London: Hutchinson, 1916. Google Books, retrieved 15 February 2010.</text>
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      <text bytes="20470" sha1="m6001xdn8a7cts8c3bs67wbcv2p9om6" xml:space="preserve">==Also Known As==
* Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&amp;oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.&lt;/ref&gt;
* See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Bourke page]]
* Earl of Mayo (in the Peerage of Ireland)
** Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo (12 August 1867 – 8 February 1872)
** Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo (8 February 1872 – 31 December 1927)
*Baron Connemara
**Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara (12 May 1887 – 3 September 1902)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p5752.htm#i57514|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p5752.htm#i57514.&lt;/ref&gt;
* The [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]]
* [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Lady Florence Bourke]]

==Overview==
Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands. Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay divorced in a sensational case in which she successfully sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery (with her maid Hannah Moore) and cruelty (infecting her with venereal disease).

[[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], 3rd son of the 6th Earl, was successful in the stock market and, by and large, in business.

In 1912, when Blanche, Dowager Countess of Mayo was 86 years old, the ''Woodford Times'' summarized her like this:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Dowager Countess of Mayo and Lady Costance Mure the only surviving daughters of the first Lord Leconfield, the inheritor of the famous house and estate of Petworth, and consequently aunts of Mr. George Wyndham. Their mother was one of the Blunts. of Crabbet Park, Sussex, which makes them kinswomen of Mr. Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, poet, Egyptophil and counsel for Arabi Pasha is his trial. The Dowager Lady Mayo is the widow — as she has been for forty years past — of the Governor-General of India, who was assassinated while on a tour of the Andamas Islands. Subsequently the Government voted her a pension, which she still enjoys. She was an extra woman of the Bedchamber for over a quarter of a century, and until the death of Queen Victoria. Beside Lord Mayo, her children are the Hon. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], who was at one time on the Stock Exchange; Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin; Lady Florence Bourke; and the Hon. Terence Bourke, who is British Vice-Consul at Bizerta.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Dowager Countess of Mayo ....&quot; ''Woodford Times'' 29 November 1912, Friday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004344/19121129/159/0006. Print n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies==
==Timeline==
'''1863 November 21''', Robert Bourke and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232124|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232124.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a &quot;convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1872 November 20''', Hon. Edward Roden Bourke and Emma Mary Augusta Hatch married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;&quot;Emma Mary Augusta Hatch.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p5751.htm#i57507|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-27}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p5751.htm#i57507.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1880 February 4, Wednesday''', ball at Palmerstown House hosted by Dermot, 7th Earl of Mayo:&lt;blockquote&gt;A grand ball was given on Wedneeday night at Palmerstown House, the seat of the Earl of Mayo. The ball was given by the noble earl to the friends and admirers of his father, in acknowledgment of their munificence in erecting, by subscription, a new family mansion as a memorial to the late earl. The new house, which is to be called the Memorial House, has just been completed. It is a handsome building, picturesquely situated on an elevated site, a short distance from the old mansion. The large hall, which is to be called the Memorial Hall, was set apart as the ballroom. It was handsomely decorated with evergreens, exotics, &amp;c., and when lit up in the most effective and tasteful style, presented a gay and brilliant appearance. A distinguished company have been staying at Palmerstown House, including the Marchioness of Blandford, Lady Georgina Spencer Churchill, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, Lady Margaret Bourke, Lord Capel, Mr. George Darner, Hon. Charles Lascelles, Hon. Henry and Mrs. Henry Bourke, the Countess of Stradbroke, Lady Sophia Rous [?], the Marchioness of Conyngham and the Ladies Conyngham, Lord Arthur Butler, the Hon. Bernard and Hon. Mrs. FitzPatrick, Mr. lon Trant Hamilton, M.P., and Mrs. Hamilton. Amongst those invited were:— The Duke and Duchess of Leinster, and the Ladies Fitzgerald, the Marquis of Kildare, the Marquis and Marchioness of Drogheda, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Skeffington Smyth, Mrs. and Miss Kavanagh, Borris House; Colonel Thackwell, 38th Regiment, and Mrs. Thackwell, the officers 38th Regt., &amp;c.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ball at Palmerstown House.&quot; ''Kilkenny Moderator'' 07 February 1880, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002957/18800207/028/0002. Print title: ''Kilkenny Moderator and Leinster Advertiser'', n.p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1881 May 10, Tuesday''', the Countess of May attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#1881 May 10, Tuesday|wedding of Marion Lascelles, eldest daughter of the Hon. Egremont W. Lascelles, brother of the Earl of Harewood, and Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst, of the Second Life Guards, nephew of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, of Swithamley Park, Macclesfield]]. Her gift was a &quot;silver scent bottle.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst.&quot; ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive''https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', the Bourkes attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for the Earl of Mayo, who had been assassinated&lt;blockquote&gt;A memorial erected to the late Earl of Mayo was unveiled yesterday in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, by Lord Cranbrook. Among those present were — The Dowager Countess of Mayo, Lord and Lady Drogheda, Lord and Lady Ashbourne, Lord Headfort, Lord John Manners, M.P.; Lord Barrington, Lord Leconfield, Lord and Lady Mayo, Right Hon. Beresford Hope, M.P.; Lord Stalbridge, Sir Peter Lumsden, Sir Owen Burne, Colonel Nigel Kingscote, Hon. Percy Wyndham, Mr. Henry Doyle, Mr. George Batten, Mr. E. Lawson, the Right Hon. Gerard Noel, General Fraser, V.C., M.P.; Canon Liddon, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], Lady Florence Bourke, and the late Lord Mayo’s six brothers — General Bourke, Right Hon. Robert Bourke, M.P.; Rev. George Bourke, Mr. Charles Bourke, C.B.; Major Bourke, and Mr. Henry Bourke. The following is the inscription at foot of the monument:— &quot;Sacred to the memory of Richard South [sic] well Bourke, Earl of Mayo, and for nearly four years Viceroy of India. He discharged the duties of his high office with conspicuous ability. Wise, kindly, just, and energetic, he won the affection of those about him, and the respect of neighbouring Princes; his work for his God and his Queen thus begun was laid aside when, struck down, alas! by the hand of assassin, he yielded up his soul to Christ on the 8th of February, 1872.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo.&quot; ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1887 December 15''', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]] and Guendoline Stanley married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1889 June 8, Saturday''', Dermot, Earl of Mayo contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of &quot;the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'&quot;]]

'''1890 November 27''', Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay divorced in a sensational case in which she successfully sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery (with her maid Hannah Moore) and cruelty (infecting her with venereal disease).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Another Society Scandal. Connemara Divorce Suit. Shocking Disclosures.&quot; ''South Wales Echo'' 27 November 1890 Thursday: 3 [of 4], Cols. 2a–3a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000902/18901127/031/0003.&lt;/ref&gt; This story is repeated essentially verbatum in a number of newspapers.

'''1892 March 5, Saturday''', two generations of men of the Bourke family are mentioned in this article reporting on &quot;the first reverse&quot; in Capt. the Hon. Maurice Bourke's career. Notable is that the Bourkes were &quot;one of the first aristocratic families of which the members took to the Stock Exchange.&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;Capt. the Hon. Maurice Bourke, who has just been reprimanded in connection with the stranding of the Victoria, is the brother of the present Lord Mayo, and comes of an enterprising family. The Bourkes have pushed their way with remarkable energy in various professions, but are specially noticeable as one of the first aristocratic families of which the members took to the Stock Exchange. Before the Bourkes took it up the &quot;house&quot; was at a discount in Belgravia; it is now at a premium. Both Mr. Henry Bourke and Major Edward Bourke, uncles of Captain Bourke, and Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], his brother, have reaped considerable incomes as the fruits of their enterprise. Captain Bourke has been singularly lucky In the navy in the matter of promotion, being one of those fortunate mariners who have served on the Queen's yacht. This is the first reverse in his career.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Captain. the Hon. Maurice Bourke.&quot; ''Carlow Nationalist'' 05 March 1892, Saturday: 9 [of 10], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004580/18920305/082/0009. Print title ''Supplement to the Nationalist and Leinster Times''; n. p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1894 January 31, Wednesday''', Dermot, Earl of Mayo and Geraldine, Countess of Mayo hosted [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Also 31 January 1894, Wednesday|the Kildare Hunt Ball]].

'''1894 October 10''', Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay Bourke and Surgn.-Lt.-Col. William Hamilton Broun married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

'''1894 October 22''', Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara and Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&quot;Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232125|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p23213.htm#i232125.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1895 April 27, Saturday''', Norah Mary Madeline Bourke and Mr. Henry Lindsay married.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mr. Henry E. A. Lindsay to Miss Norah M. M. Bourke.&quot; ''Gentlewoman'' 11 May 1895 Saturday: 97 [of 133], Col. 1c–2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18950511/437/0097.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1896 December 10, Thursday''', the Dowager Countess of Mayo, the Countess of Mayo and Florence Bourke were present to help staff a stall at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#10 December 1896, Thursday|Irish Industries Exhibition and Sale, Brighton]], as was [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Guendoline Bourke]].

'''1897 July 2''', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]] and Guendoline Sloane-Stanley [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Bourke]] attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House.

'''1899 July 1, Saturday''', Dermot, 7th Earl of Mayo was active in a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#1 July 1899, Saturday|meeting in London at the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor House]] about preserving Killarney as part of the National Trust.

'''1904 September 15, Thursday''', according to what was at the time called the ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]] was living in Venice and not in the UK at this point:&lt;blockquote&gt;Algernon Bourke, who usually lives in Venice, has spent some time in England during the present summer, and has now gone on a fishing expedition to Sweden, accompanied by his brother, Lord Mayo. Lady Mayo has been staying meanwhile in Ireland, and has had a visit from her mother, Lady Maria Ponsonby, who is a sister of Lend Obventry.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Society Notes.&quot; ''Irish Independent'' 15 September 1904, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001986/19040915/131/0004. Print title: ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1908 August 5''', Emma Mary Augusta Hatch Bourke and Edward Hyde Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

'''1909 May 22, Saturday''', [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]] appears to have been living in Pisa. A columnist for the ''Queen'' reported on the Royal School of Art Needlework:&lt;blockquote&gt;Lady Leconfield [?] was there, also her sister-in-law, the Dowager Lady Mayo, only just back from her winter on the Continent, when she spent most of the time at Pisa, where her son Mr Algernon Bourke has also been staying. The latter is a great connoisseur as regards [art?] notably in what is really good in the way of old Italian sculpture and carving. He and his handsome wife have a place near to Putney, and this winter again Mr Bourke, as the result of his Italian travels, has been sending home such relics of the old Italian palace gardens as as stone and marble carved vases, garden seats, and what-not of the kind — not all for himself and his own gardens by any means, I fancy; but his friends, relying on his knowledge in such matters, get him when abroad to choose for [them?] the adornment of their English terraces and gardens.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;My Social Diary.&quot; The ''Queen'' 22 May 1909, Saturday: 31 [of 86], Col. 1b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19090522/203/0031. Print p. 871.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Demographics ==
* Nationality: Anglo-Irish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&amp;oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Residences===
* London: 20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. &amp; C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ireland: Palmerstown House (built in 1872 by the 7th Earl in honor of his father after his assassination), Palmerstown, County Galway&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare&lt;ref&gt;Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt;
==Family==

* Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo (12 January 1797 – 12 August 1867)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47094|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47094.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Anne Charlotte Jocelyn ( – 26 January 1867)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Anne Charlotte Jocelyn.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47095|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p4710.htm#i47095.&lt;/ref&gt;
*# '''Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo''' (21 February 1822 – 8 February 1872)
*# Lt.-Gen. John Jocelyn Bourke (5 October 1823 – 25 September 1904)
*# '''Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara''' (11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902)
*# Rev. Hon. George Wingfield Bourke (16 February 1829 – 9 October 1903)
*# Hon. Charles Fowler Bourke (5 September 1832 – 4 April 1899)
*# '''Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke''' (13 December 1835 – 7 June 1907)
*# Hon. Henry Lorton Bourke (26 September 1840 – 30 January 1911)


* Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo (21 February 1822 – 8 February 1872)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25748|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hon. Blanche Julia Wyndham (21 November 1826 – 31 January 1918)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hon. Blanche Julia Wyndham.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2963.htm#i29627|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke ( – 19 January 1940)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# unknown daughter Bourke
# '''Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo''' (2 July 1851 – 31 December 1927)
# Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke (22 December 1853 – 16 September 1900)
# '''Hon. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Henry Bourke]]''' (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)
# Lady Florence Blanche Bourke (16 August 1861 – 1953)
# Hon. Terence Theobald Bourke (2 April 1865 – 13 May 1923)


* Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo (2 July 1851 – 31 December 1927)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dermot Robert Wyndham Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo.&quot; ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page 14031, Person 140310. https://www.thepeerage.com/p14031.htm#i140310.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Geraldine Sarah Ponsonby ( – 29 November 1944)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Geraldine Sarah Ponsonby.&quot; ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page, 14031, Person 140309. https://www.thepeerage.com/p14031.htm#i140309.&lt;/ref&gt;


* Robert Bourke, 1st and last Baron Connemara (11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Lady Susan Georgiana Ramsay ( – 22 January 1898)&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; [she remarried as well]
* Gertrude Lawrence Knight Walsh (baptised 13 August 1833 – 23 November 1898)&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; [he was her 2nd husband as well]


* Emma Mary Augusta Hatch (1855 – 9 March 1935)&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke (13 December 1835 – 7 June 1907)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Major Hon. Edward Roden Bourke.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2096.htm#i20954|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-27}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2096.htm#i20954.&lt;/ref&gt;
*# Norah Mary Madeline Bourke ( – 20 June 1948)
*# Madeline Emmie Louisa Bourke ( – 5 August 1961)
*# Cecil Richard Donoughmore Bourke (29 Sep 1875 – 30 November 1884)
*# Anne Kathleen Julia Bourke (c. 1878 – 16 March 1935)
*# Lt.-Col. Nigel Edward Jocelyn Bourke (21 August 1886 – 27 September 1970)
* Edward Hyde Villiers, [[Social Victorians/People/Villiers|5th Earl of Clarendon]]


* Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Guendoline Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
# Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962)

==Biographical Materials==

==Questions and Notes==
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}</text>
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|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Antidepressant Mirtazapine Solid dispersions with Characterization and Formulation Development by 3? Factorial Design]]
| Please add Athikhun Suwannakhan as a reviewer to the peer review Google form
|Med
|Peter Agan
|30 mins
|2023-01-29
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Purchasing High-Cost Medical Equipment in Hospitals in OECD Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol]]
| Please add Athikhun Suwannakhan as a reviewer to the peer review Google form
|Med
|Peter Agan
|30 mins
|2023-01-29
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Resources for the Assessment and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder in Adolescents]]
| Accepted, update article page, generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Peter Agan
|1320 min (22 hrs)
|2023-02-14
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Extract of Laurus nobilis attenuates inflammation and epithelial ulcerations in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease]]
| Accepted, update article page, generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Peter Agan
|1020 min (17 hrs)
|2023-02-14
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Multiple object tracking|Multiple object tracking]]
|Please add new peer revew pdf
|Sci
|Treens Alcorn
|150 minutes
|2023-01-28
|Completed 
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/The Efficacy of Paxlovid against COVID-19 is the Result of the Tight Molecular Docking between Mpro and Antiviral Drugs (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir)|The Efficacy of Paxlovid against COVID-19 is the Result of the Tight Molecular Docking between Mpro and Antiviral Drugs (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir)]]
|Transcribe document from Google Drive onto the wiki page
|Sci
|Emma Chiu
|360 minutes 
|2023-02-17
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system|Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system]]
|Add new peer review pdf &amp; complete submitted peer review tasks 3&amp;4 (note added 27/2/2023 still waiting for upload of pdf)
|Med
|Treens Alcorn
|
|
|
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Immune system]]
|Could you please add me (Roger Watson) as the Handling Editor for this one on the landing page of the article and on the reviewer sheet please?
|Med
|Peter Agan
|50 minutes
|2023-02-10
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells|Induced Stem cells]]
|Add new peer review, create Wikidata item
|Sci
|Treens Alcorn
|60 minutes
|2023/02/27
|Complete
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Medicine/Resources for the Assessment and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder in Adolescents|Resources for the Assessment and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder in Adolescents]]
|Ensure Manual of Style consistent with Wikipedia on the page and in PDF
|Med
|Emma Chiu
|240 minutes 
|2023/03/04
|Complete
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Black-and-yellow broadbill|Black-and-yellow broadbill]]
|Accepted. Generate DOI and PDF
|Sci
|Emma Chiu
|240 minutes
|2023/03/04
|Complete
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Medicine/Potential upcoming articles]]
|Could all published articles - all indicated by Volume/Issues - be removed from this list please.
|Med
|Peter Agan
|30 minutes 
|2023/03/03
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Androgen backdoor pathway]]
| Accepted, update article page, generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Peter Agan
|613 minutes
|2023/04/06
|Completed 
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Medicine]]
| Volumes 8, 9 &amp; 10 are all referred to as 'Current Issue' and Volume 7 as 'Previous Issue' - needs to be updated, thanks
|Med
|Peter Agan
|45 minutes 
|2023/04/07
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Androgen backdoor pathway]]
| The task above related to this article is 'completed' but the article is not incorporated into a volume or see the pdf version linked to the article or that it is designated as having been accepted - can this be done please?
|Med
|Peter Agan
|237 minutes
|2023/04/14
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Psychotherapy: An important component of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of bipolar disorder]]
| Please create a speer review location
|Med
|Peter Agan
|35 minutes
|2023/04/14
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Orhan Gazi, the first statesman|Orhan Gazi, the first statesman]]
|Add both new peer reviews, update reviewer's Wikidata item
|Hum
|Peter Agan
|187 minutes
|2023/05/01
|Completed 
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Immune system|Immune System]]
|Add new peer review, update reviewer's Wikidata item
|Med
|Peter Agan
|188 minutes
|2023/05/01
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Non-canonical base pairing|Non-canonical base pairing]]
|Generate DOI, PDF and upload
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|780 minutes
|2023/05/12
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Multiple object tracking|Multiple object tracking]]
|Generate DOI, PDF and upload
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|540 minutes
|2023/05/12
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Immune system|Immune System]]
|Please delete the contents of this preprint, but leave the page there blank and I will put an appropriate comment under Reviewer Comments
|Med
|Peter Agan
|25 minutes
|2023/05/20
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Orhan Gazi, the first statesman|Orhan Gazi, the first statesman]]
|For both reviews, upload the reviewer-submitted PDF and include that PDF alongside the on-wiki peer review comments 
|Hum
|Peter Agan
|250 minutes
|2023/06/28
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Design effect|Design effect]]
|Add new peer review and update that reviewer's Wikidata item
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|120 minutes
|2023/05/31
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal of Humanities/Loveday, 1458|Loveday, 1458]]
|Accepted. Generate DOI and PDF
|Hum
|Peter Agan
|486 minutes
|2023/06/20
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/6554498532/overview 6554498532]
|TEST ROW 8
|Test to confirm that bot is active on main task list.
|Med
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Where experts and amateurs meet: the ideological hobby of medical volunteering on Wikipedia|Where experts and amateurs meet: the ideological hobby of medical volunteering on Wikipedia]]
|Accepted. Generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Emma Chiu
|600 minutes
|2023/8/6
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system|Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system]]
|Accepted. Generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Peter Agan
|409 mins
|2023/07/31
|Completed
|-
|
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system|Impact of xenogenic mesenchimal stem cells secretome on a humoral component of the immune system]]
|Thanks for accepting and generating pdf; would it be possible to correct the title of the pre-print and the pdf to say 'mesenchymal' as opposed to 'mesinchimal'; also, in the body of the pdf please change 'Fisher's test' to Fisher's exact test' - I have altered this in the pre-print
|Med
|Peter Agan
|45 mins
|2023/07/31
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/9414409635/overview 9414409635]
| [[WikiJournal Preprints/Practical applications of moisture sorption models for predicting the drying characteristics and shelf-life of malted and/or fermented FARO 44 rice plus soybean-based complementary foods|Practical applications of moisture sorption models for predicting the drying characteristics and shelf-life of malted and/or fermented FARO 44 rice plus soybean-based complementary foods]]
| Import content PDF uploaded in Google Drive into wiki. Author requested anonymity until article acceptance. Ensure that formulas and tables are uploaded and formatted properly. Note that I am contacting the author to request for better images so please don't upload images for now.
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|1200 mins
|2023/09/30
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/7695454963/overview 7695454963]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Psychotherapy: An important component of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of bipolar disorder|Psychotherapy: An important component of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of bipolar disorder]]
| Above it says a location for peer review Reviewer Comments was created but the content there is a not correct, can this be done again please?
|Med
|Peter Agan
|60 minutes
|2024/09/2024
|Withdrawn
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/3783913689/overview 3783913689]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Screening of potential microorganisms from pharmaceutical effluence capable of degrading environmental pollutants|Screening of potential microorganisms from pharmaceutical effluence capable of degrading environmental pollutants]]
| Use uploaded manuscript to create the preprint page on wiki
|Sci
|
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/7951305361/overview 7951305361]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Globally Popular Pet Reptile Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Demonstrates Capability in Using Running Wheel Voluntarily ? Is It Locomotion Play?|Globally Popular Pet Reptile Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Demonstrates Capability in Using Running Wheel Voluntarily ? Is It Locomotion Play?]]
| Adjust references to inline citation numbers format
|Sci
|Emma Chiu
|180 mins
|2023/11/24
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/4273374750/overview 4273374750]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Brace Roots|Brace Roots]]
|Identify and compile a list of 10-15 potential peer reviewers related to this topic
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|300 mins
|2024/01/25
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/9966491909/overview 9966491909]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Screening of potential microorganisms from pharmaceutical effluence capable of degrading environmental pollutants|Screening of potential microorganisms from pharmaceutical effluence capable of degrading environmental pollutants]]
|Identify and compile a list of 10-15 potential peer reviewers related to this topic
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|300 mins
|2024/01/25
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/6865707097/overview 6865707097]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Crisis Readiness and Innovation for Burnout Prevention Among Community Health Workers|Crisis Readiness and Innovation for Burnout Prevention Among Community Health Workers]]
|Transcribe document from Google Drive onto the wiki page 
|Med
|Emma Chiu
|360 mins
|2024/05/08
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/9651035026/overview 9651035026]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Bioclogging|Bioclogging]]
|Accepted, generate DOI and PDF 
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|360 minutes
|2024/04/02
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/9579295387/overview 9579295387]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Bioclogging/ja|Bioclogging/ja]]
|Accepted, generate DOI and PDF 
|Sci
|Emma Chiu
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/5518065368/overview 5518065368]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/The effect of local millet drink (Kunu) on the testis and epididymis of adult male wistar rats|The effect of local millet drink (Kunu) on the testis and epididymis of adult male wistar rats]]
|Accepted, update Wikidata entry, generate DOI and PDF 
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|360 minutes
|2024/03/15
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/3748703910/overview 3748703910]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Body image disturbance in eating disorders]]
|Accepted, update Wikidata entry, generate DOI and PDF
|Med
|Peter Agan
|360 minutes
|2024/05/05
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/5461106502/overview 5461106502]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Design effect#:~:text=The design effect depends on,(such as the mean).|Design effect]]
|Review formatting for character corruption
|Sci
|Emma Chiu
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/2861404825/overview 2861404825]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Design effect|Design effect]]
|Accepted article. Generate DOI and PDF
|Sci
|
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/5784308213/overview 5784308213]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Body image disturbance in eating disorders]]
|Thanks for accepting this and generating pdf - is it possible to initiate Volume 11 Issue 1 please?
|Med
|Peter Agan
|60 minutes
|2024/09/10
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/5784308213/overview 5784308213]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Design and validation of an open access, 3D printed dermatoscope]]
|Please add this to the page: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal_of_Medicine/Potential_upcoming_articles
|Med
|
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/6438659080/overview 6438659080]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Bioclogging]]
|Update PDF to reflect the added references
|Sci
|
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/9677184653/overview 9677184653]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Black-and-red broadbill]]
|Accepted, update article page, generate DOI (use 10.15347/WJS/2024.003 for this paper) and PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|240 minutes
|2024/09/26
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/4342621673/overview 4342621673]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Popular Pet Reptile, the Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius), Spontaneously Uses Running Wheel? Is It Locomotion Play?]]
|Accepted, update article page, generate DOI (use 10.15347/WJS/2024.005 for this paper) and PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|240 minutes
|2024/09/10
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/4007689347/overview 4007689347]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Poisson manifold|Poisson manifold]]
|Accepted, update article page, generate DOI and PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|300 Minutes
|2024/11/04
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/8357919333/overview 8357919333]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Brace Roots|Brace Roots]]
|Accepted, generate DOI and PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|240 Minutes
|2024/11/09
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/7805714759/overview 7805714759]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/The Himalayan fossil hoax#Background|WikiJournal Preprints/The Himalayan fossil hoax]]
|Accepted by WikiJournal of Science, please add to the main page, generate DOI, and generate PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|300 Minutes
|2024/11/19
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/7662852102/overview 7662852102]
|[[WikiJournal of Science/Design effect|Design effect]]
|Generate PDF
|Sci
|Peter Agan
|360 Minutes
|2024/11/22
|Completed
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/6624972799/overview 6624972799]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing: Analysis and Challenges|Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing: Analysis and Challenges]]
|Create preprint page from uploaded Google Drive file
|Sci
|Michelle Fong
|
|
|
|-
|[https://www.workmarket.com/manage/5387063030/overview 5387063030]
|[[WikiJournal Preprints/Enhancing Dry Shampoo Formulation with Aloe Vera and Lemongrass Herbal Extract Powders for Management of Greasy Hair|Enhancing Dry Shampoo Formulation with Aloe Vera and Lemongrass Herbal Extract Powders for Management of Greasy Hair]]
|Create preprint page from uploaded Google Drive file
|Sci
|Michelle Fong
|
|
|
|}


{{Archive box
|
Completed tasks:
*[[/Archive 2021|2021]]
*[[/Archive 2022|2022]] (complete)
}}</text>
      <sha1>re2kebvjak4pfkgx1akgf4z7ay3e6zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Workings of gcc and ld in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>285384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2693920</id>
      <parentid>2693905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T18:17:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linking Libraries */</comment>
      <origin>2693920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3598" sha1="ka5vd3ir3pd7j9tdt3oasggakmjb09j" xml:space="preserve">=== Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 ===

==== Overview ====
* Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]])

==== Data Processing ====
* Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]])

==== Control ====
* Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]])
* Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]])

==== Function calls ==== 
* Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]])
* Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]])

==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== 
* Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]])
* Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]])
* Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]])
* Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]])

==== Integer Arithmetic ==== 
* Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]])
* Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]])
* Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]])
* Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]])
* Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241228.pdf |pdf]])

==== Floating point Arithmetic ====
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 ===

==== Linking Libraries ====

* Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241231-1.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:LIB.2B.Shared.20241231.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Dynamic Linking - Directories and Symbolic Links ====

* Shared Library Names ([[Media:DIR.1A.Names.20241230.pdf |pdf]])
* Managing Shared Libraries ([[Media:DIR.2A.Manage.20241230.pdf |pdf]])

==== Dynamic Loading - API Functions ====

* DL API ([[Media:API.1A.Functions.20241230.pdf |pdf]])

==== Library Search Path ====

* Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241228.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Linking Process ====

* Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]])

* Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]])

* Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Example I ====
* Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Examples II ====
* analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])

* analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]])

* analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]])


&lt;/br&gt;
go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ]

[[Category:C programming language]]</text>
      <sha1>ka5vd3ir3pd7j9tdt3oasggakmjb09j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693957</id>
      <parentid>2693920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T03:40:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linking Libraries */</comment>
      <origin>2693957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3598" sha1="0j6qchxrg9ffbqjjl5xdk0quv3sfkj3" xml:space="preserve">=== Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 ===

==== Overview ====
* Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]])

==== Data Processing ====
* Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]])

==== Control ====
* Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]])
* Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]])

==== Function calls ==== 
* Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]])
* Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]])

==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== 
* Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]])
* Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]])
* Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]])
* Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]])

==== Integer Arithmetic ==== 
* Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]])
* Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241204.pdf |pdf]])
* Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20241205.pdf |pdf]])
* Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]])
* Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20241228.pdf |pdf]])

==== Floating point Arithmetic ====
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 ===

==== Linking Libraries ====

* Static Libraries ([[Media:LIB.1A.Static.20241128.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Shared Libraries ([[Media:LIB.2A.Shared.20241231-1.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:LIB.2B.Shared.20250101.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Dynamic Linking - Directories and Symbolic Links ====

* Shared Library Names ([[Media:DIR.1A.Names.20241230.pdf |pdf]])
* Managing Shared Libraries ([[Media:DIR.2A.Manage.20241230.pdf |pdf]])

==== Dynamic Loading - API Functions ====

* DL API ([[Media:API.1A.Functions.20241230.pdf |pdf]])

==== Library Search Path ====

* Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241228.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Linking Process ====

* Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]])

* Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.5C.StaticLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]])

* Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:LNK.6C.DynamicLinking.20241128.pdf |C.pdf]])

* Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Example I ====
* Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Examples II ====
* analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]])

* analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]])

* analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]])


&lt;/br&gt;
go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ]

[[Category:C programming language]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Should we not watch pornography?</title>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>2A00:23C5:6E91:1D01:41DD:BDF2:94A4:63D0</ip>
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      <comment>/* Arguments for */ Edit objection for #DebateTools</comment>
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      <text bytes="13772" sha1="nnqablfx8e0sci4vngwsoib795m6583" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidebate}}

Nowadays pornography is more available than ever. It is free and people only needs internet to access billions of bites of pornography. However, is it good for human development to have that access? Is it bad for young people who are only starting to experience their sexual life? Does pornography opposes to sex education? Are there any ethical considerations to have in mind regarding pornography? 

== It is correct to watch pornography ==

=== Arguments for ===
* {{Argument for}} There is plenty of porn made in an ethical and safe way&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mysteryvibe.com/blogs/learn/guide-ethical-porn|title=Our Guide To: Ethical Porn|website=MysteryVibe|language=en|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;. There should not be any problem with watching this type of porn.
** {{Objection}} It is not always possible to know if the porn you are watching is ethical.
* {{Argument for}} Certifications allow consumers to choose porn with the consent of the participants.
** {{Objection}} If a person could be coerced into making porn, [[wikt:thon#Pronoun|wt:thon]] could coerced into signing a piece or paper or holding up a little sign.
** {{Objection}} Feminist and ethical porn spaces represent a small proportion of porn overall. Most and/or Mainstream porn depicts the subjugation of women, including activities such as &quot;facials&quot;, gaging and fake female orgasms. Such has and still dominates the internet porn world: and is probably getting worse. Also, porn such as BBC, indicates an unhealthy obsession with race.
*** {{Objection}} The issue isn't the actions, but context. e.g. women watching facials, gang-bangs, and choking isn't problematic, or at least as problematic, as men watching it.
**** {{Objection}} This doesn't respond to the problem of men watching it: who are also likely in the majority of viewers of such.
*** {{Objection}} There is no &quot;feminist and ethical porn.&quot; Porn is the objectification of people—mostly women—and there is nothing feminist nor ethical about that.
** {{Objection}} which is why countries such as the US, Canada, et al, get rid of their stupid laws against obscenity and pornography and allow people to produce porn more freely and officially.
*{{Argument for}} Ethical porn focuses on treating performers fairly, showing a diverse range of bodies and representing more realistic human interactions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/nsfw/guides/porn-ethical-premium/|title=The 8 best sites to watch ethical, fair trade porn|last=Danger|first=Danni|date=2017-12-16|website=The Daily Dot|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
*{{Argument for}} Porn is made to promote arousal, entertainment and even escapism.
* {{Argument for}} Masturbation is natural and beneficial&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.besthealthmag.ca/article/6-healthy-reasons-to-masturbate/|title=It’s Time for Some Self-Love—Here Are 6 Ways Masturbation Is Good for You|last=src=&quot;https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96|first=&lt;img class=&quot;avatar&quot; alt=&quot;Best Health&quot;|last2=#038;d=mm|date=2022-05-26|website=Best Health|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10|last3=May 25|first3=#038;r=g&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; height=&quot;50&quot;&gt;Best HealthUpdated:|last4=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319536|title=Frequent ejaculation and prostate cancer: What's the link?|date=2022-03-28|website=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and porn is a useful masturbation aid.
** {{Objection}} It is not beneficial if it reduces people's motivation to connect who may find partners and sex otherwise.pantys
** {{Objection}} Porn masturbation seems to reduce testosterone&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s003450100222&lt;/ref&gt; and may reduce androgen receptor density&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1159/000099250&lt;/ref&gt; which can be problematic
** {{Objection}} You don't need porn to masturbate. Over consumption might lead to needing porn to masturbate.
* {{Argument for}} It’s the obligation of producers, platforms and law enforcement to ensure legal and ethical standards are met. On this basis (and also using your own judgment in addition), there’s nothing incorrect in consuming available material.
* {{Argument for}} Pornography is like a style of music, such as rap, heavy metal, or blue grass: each is harmless fun some people engage in. Some people enjoy watching ball games, others &quot;vanilla&quot; soap operas, and some enjoy watch some porn actress partaking in &quot;gang bangs&quot;: to each [[wikt:thon#Pronoun|wt:thon]]s own.
* {{Argument for}} It has [[w:Miller v. California|serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value]].
** {{Objection}} Such could be exempted: perhaps producers can try to have such reviewed by government boards.
* {{Argument for}} Most pornography is for and/or consumed by losers who can't find dates or interest in sex with them from neglected and hardworking wives, but at least it's not sexual assault or bothering women for sexual favors.
** {{Objection}} Maybe such &quot;losers&quot; should &quot;get a life&quot; and work on self-improvent, much like drug policies such as harm-reducting might be better than prohibition, but it would be even better if the addict worked on [[wikt:thon#Pronoun|wt:thon]]s addiction(s).
** {{Objection}} Porn is probably a major reason why people aren't reproducing and population rates are falling.
*** {{Objection}} Good! The Earth has too many people already.  (See also: [[Should we aim to reduce the Earth population?]])
**** {{Objection}} National governments need more taxpayers, companies need more consumers, old people need young people to take care of them when they become too infirmed.
* {{Argument for}} Since the 1990s with the internet, nay, since the popularity of video cassettes and photocopying, supression of porn is infeasible: resources are better spent in mitigating and controlling its harm (if any).
** {{Objection}} The question is not whether it should be suppressed but whether people should make that personal choice (or make that choice often) or whether it should be as encouraged and promoted as it is in today's world with phenomena like for example OnlyFans.
** {{Objection}} Just because it's considered difficult, maybe even impossible, doesn't mean we shouldn't try.
* {{Argument for}} Sometimes porn can help individuals discover and explore their sexuality.

=== Arguments against ===
* {{Argument against}} People can become addicted to pornography, which is as problematic as drug or alcohol adiction. For example, porn acts affecting the reward circuitry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Watts|first=Clark|last2=Hilton|first2=DonaldL|date=2011|title=Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective|url=https://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/pornography-addiction-a-neuroscience-perspective/|journal=Surgical Neurology International|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=19|doi=10.4103/2152-7806.76977|issn=2152-7806|pmc=PMC3050060|pmid=21427788}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Love|first=Todd|last2=Laier|first2=Christian|last3=Brand|first3=Matthias|last4=Hatch|first4=Linda|last5=Hajela|first5=Raju|date=2015-09-18|title=Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update|url=http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/5/3/388|journal=Behavioral Sciences|language=en|volume=5|issue=3|pages=388–433|doi=10.3390/bs5030388|issn=2076-328X|pmc=PMC4600144|pmid=26393658}}&lt;/ref&gt;, or causing the person to lose contact with the real world sexual situations&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://auresnotes.com/summary-your-brain-on-porn-gary-wilson/|title=Your Brain on Porn Summary - Gary Wilson - Aure's Notes|date=2022-04-06|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  
** {{Objection}}  People can become addicted to nearly everything, including sex.
** {{Objection}} Very few survey respondents in Australia reported that they were addicted to pornography (men 4%, women 1%), and of those who said they were addicted only about half also reported that using pornography had had a bad effect on them&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rissel|first=Chris|last2=Richters|first2=Juliet|last3=de Visser|first3=Richard O.|last4=McKee|first4=Alan|last5=Yeung|first5=Anna|last6=Caruana|first6=Theresa|date=2017-02-12|title=A Profile of Pornography Users in Australia: Findings From the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224499.2016.1191597|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|language=en|volume=54|issue=2|pages=227–240|doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1191597|issn=0022-4499}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
*** {{Objection}} Reality sucks: my fantasy partner(s) never let me down. (Let Chad have his harem; I'll have mine.) ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyI542boYs0 &quot;Goddess of Empathy&quot; 00:00 to 00:44, and 01:44 to 02:13])
** {{Objection}} Things such as drug addictions are individualistic insofar that if a person consumes a drug, or any other sudstance, no one else is required to participate. Normal sex requires two people and the second person might not be willing, hence the first person resorts to porn to at least somewhat please [[wikt:thon#Pronoun|wt:thon]]self.
* {{Argument against}} Porn is damaging to relationships. One can get demotivated to find a real partner when they are satisfied by porn. It might be a problem, both personal and social.
** {{Objection}} Porn can be used to improve a couple's sex life by bringing new ideas. It can also inspire one to find a partner to share the experience.
** {{Objection}} Research suggests that there is no evidence of porn consumption being either adaptive or maladaptive when it comes to relationship satisfaction, closeness, and loneliness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hesse|first=Colin|last2=Floyd|first2=Kory|date=2019-11|title=Affection substitution: The effect of pornography consumption on close relationships|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0265407519841719|journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships|language=en|volume=36|issue=11-12|pages=3887–3907|doi=10.1177/0265407519841719|issn=0265-4075}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
*** {{Objection}} That study only assessed 357 adults, too unrepresentative of the average porn consumer.
*** {{Objection}} That study says porn comes to replace affection deprivation, and fight loneliness and depression. The same situations that leads a person to drugs or alcohol consumption. Thus, porn is replacing a deep job the person has to do with itself with the help of psychologists.
* {{Argument against}} Watching pornography contributes to human rights abuses, including sex trafficking and gender inequality&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humantraffickingsearch.org/the-connection-between-sex-trafficking-and-pornography/|title=The Connection Between Sex Trafficking and Pornography|last=Search|first=Human Trafficking|date=2014-04-14|website=Human Trafficking Search|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
** {{Objection}} It is possible to choose a platform that ony features material with high ethical standards (see [[w:en:Feminist pornography]]).
** {{Objection}} no more than watching depictions of violence is being violent.
* {{Argument against}} People feel guilt and shame after watching pornography, which indicates that our conscience finds that the consumption of pornography is wrong&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlyyouforever.com/how-shame-perpetuates-porn-addiction/|title=How Shame Perpetuates Porn Addiction|last=Simonyi-Gindele|first=Caleb|date=2019-08-21|website=OnlyYouForever|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/process-addiction/porn-addiction/pornography-statistics/|title=Pornography Facts and Statistics {{!}} Effects of Porn Addiction on Relationships|website=The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
** {{Objection}} many LGBTQI2S+ feel shame for being LGBTQI2S+: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, et al has a lot to answer for here.
* {{Argument against}}  Mainstream pornography engenders and cultivates a subliminally misogynistic or otherwise violent way of men seeing women.
** {{Objection}} mainstream porn ≠ porn; mainstream porn ⊂ porn. 
* {{Argument against}} [[wikisource:Bible (Tyndale)/Matthew#Chapter 5]] ''&quot;27 Ye haue hearde howe it was sayde to the of olde tyme: Thou shalt not comitt advoutrie.&lt;br/&gt;28 But I say vnto you that whosoeuer looketh on a wyfe lustynge after her hathe comitted advoutrie with hir alredy in his hert.&quot;''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;By looking at a woman with lust in your heart, you are essentially committing adultery with her.
* {{Argument against}} One will not die if one is deprived of it.
* {{Argument against}} Children might see it, be it a magazine on a rack, a late night television show (and/or cable or video), or someone's computer, and such might scar their tender minds.
** {{Objection}} Make sure they don't see it.
* {{Argument against}} Average consumption almost certainly involves parts of the psyche that are more vulnerable than the conscious intellect. Our minds are vulnerable beyond the scope of our conscious awareness which may lead to a confusion of what happens on screen with reality.
** {{Objection}} One should be mature enough.
* {{Argument against}} Amateur porn is the 11th most popular genre on Pornhub&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/lifestyle/sex/news/a52061/most-popular-porn-searches/|title=The Human Race Really Outdid Itself with Porn Searches in 2018|date=2018-12-12|website=Esquire|language=en-US|access-date=2023-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and it is possible a lot of that porn was leaked without the consent of one of the participants, or even forcing one participant to act.
** {{Objection}} Maybe ban amateur, while keeping other forms of porn.

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Pornography]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:Jaredscribe</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>2693938</id>
      <parentid>2692966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T21:13:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ελλινικε</comment>
      <origin>2693938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8513" sha1="f8qjco0y6ow3e3s8ynlbjlzgrfp6xd4" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' = community of masters and scholars.

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]]
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|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

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==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
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!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
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!
!
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!
!
!
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|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
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|בכל יום
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|Splendor
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|Great '''memorial'''
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|Good
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|Yy
|They will thank you
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|Honor
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|Ll
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|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>f8qjco0y6ow3e3s8ynlbjlzgrfp6xd4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693939</id>
      <parentid>2693938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T21:14:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2693939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8513" sha1="58nhd5fia689pg8tm4zcqwq866thtpr" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' = community of masters and scholars.

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|-
|other
|
|
|[[User:Jaredscribe|v:User:Jaredscribe]]
[[d:User:Jaredscribe]]
[[meta:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|}

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>58nhd5fia689pg8tm4zcqwq866thtpr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693940</id>
      <parentid>2693939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T21:21:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2693940</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8403" sha1="4apd5ajm7xs5pwcof47f9ekgr9wjvmc" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' = community of masters and scholars.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]]

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>4apd5ajm7xs5pwcof47f9ekgr9wjvmc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693949</id>
      <parentid>2693940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T00:21:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>universitas magistrorum et scholarium ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars[1]</comment>
      <origin>2693949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8505" sha1="ni8zj2hxwztdb9p9t4hsfqfpyc9h91y" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>ni8zj2hxwztdb9p9t4hsfqfpyc9h91y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693951</id>
      <parentid>2693949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T00:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reorganize</comment>
      <origin>2693951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8654" sha1="9ydjbux8i4itym18nysa1dol5hmoyrv" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by [[w:Anne_Harrington|Anne Harrington]]
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]] [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#Rules_of_Reasoning_in_Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#General_Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error with Corrections Applied ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories|User:Jaredscribe/NeoIsagoge to Aristotle's Categories:  The Solution to Porphyry's pseudo-problem of universals]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>9ydjbux8i4itym18nysa1dol5hmoyrv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693952</id>
      <parentid>2693951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T00:42:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2693952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8531" sha1="8te8ug8nb524z4v3syj4zxhninq80y1" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Πανεπιστήμιο 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>8te8ug8nb524z4v3syj4zxhninq80y1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693962</id>
      <parentid>2693952</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T05:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* OR */ [[User:Jaredscribe/Tesla_Master_Plan]]  [[Draft:Iranian_democracy_movements]]</comment>
      <origin>2693962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8612" sha1="516pdkgxon4ch9g7icc7n241dw0txwu" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Πανεπιστήμιο 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to Mortimer Adler
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Tesla_Master_Plan]]
* [[Draft:Iranian_democracy_movements]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|author-link=Mortimer J. Adler|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica#General Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Solution to Porphyry's problem of universals in a revised Isagoge to Aristotle's Categories]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>516pdkgxon4ch9g7icc7n241dw0txwu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693963</id>
      <parentid>2693962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T05:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* History of Human Error with Corrections Applied*/</comment>
      <origin>2693963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8672" sha1="74fzcko1qq1o652wc7pa6x97dbxz6zm" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Πανεπιστήμιο 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Tesla_Master_Plan]]
* [[Draft:Iranian_democracy_movements]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#Rules_of_Reasoning_in_Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#General_Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error with Corrections Applied ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/NeoIsagoge to Aristotle's Categories:  A solution to Porphyry's pseudo-problem of Universals]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]], critical analysis of Lewis's [[w:Narnia]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]

{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
{{Template:Free culture}}
{{using Wikiversity}}</text>
      <sha1>74fzcko1qq1o652wc7pa6x97dbxz6zm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693966</id>
      <parentid>2693963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T09:45:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jaredscribe</username>
        <id>2906761</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics */</comment>
      <origin>2693966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9181" sha1="lvkmi85ft92qb8bnzb4q9xl9xl2h8qf" xml:space="preserve">''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' ~ קהילת המורים והחוקרים ~ community of masters and scholars&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Universities|short=x}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Πανεπιστήμιο 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!he
!el
!en
!es
!fr
!et cetera
|-
|wikisource
|[[s:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[s:la:Usor:Jaredscribe]]

|-
|wikiquote
|[[q:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[q:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikitionary
|[[wikt:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|
|[[wikt:User:Jaredscribe]]
|
|
|
|-
|wikipedia
|[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:el:Χρήστης:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:User:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:es:Usuario:Jaredscribe]]
|[[w:fr:Utilisateur:Jaredscribe]]
|[[:zh:User:Jaredscribe]]
|}

[[m:User:Jaredscribe#Scholarly manifestos and project activity]] •

==Study Companions to Published books: Help Wanted==
*

*[[Draft:Aristotle for Everybody]] an introduction to [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] (and Newtonian) ontology, natural philosophy and physics, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, poetics, and natural theology, as arranged and presented by master encyclopaedist [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]].
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]] as researched and taught by [[w:David_Nirenberg|David Nirenberg]] ([[w:fr:David_Nirenberg|fr)]] ([[w:he:דייוויד_נירנברג|he]])
* [[Draft:The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric]] by [[w:Miriam_Joseph|Miriam Joseph]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness|User:Jaredscribe/Biology of mental illness, and Psychiatry's Troubled Search]], by Anne Harrington
* [[s:User:Jaredscribe/The Israel-Palestine reader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Israel/Palestine reader|date=2019|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-1-5095-2733-5|editor-last=Dowty|editor-first=Alan|location=Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a compendium of primary sources
==Original Research Projects, Study Notes, Draft Course Syllabi==
* {{Research project}}
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law]], by Jarescribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy]].   Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics in Seven Days, by Jaredscribe
* [[w:Special:PrefixIndex/User:Jaredscribe|Subpages of w:UserJaredscribe]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Russia|User:Jaredscribe/Russia and its many Revolutions]], by Jaredscribe
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences of the Many Wikipedias|User:Jaredscribe/The Virtues, Vices, and Systemic Differences in Policy and Bias of the Many Wikipedias]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Department of Government Efficiency]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Tesla_Master_Plan]]
* [[Draft:Iranian_democracy_movements]]
{{expand}} and continue

== Liberal Arts Basic Curriculum ==
The [[w:Trivium]] of Liberal Arts:  Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. 

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/triviumliberalar0000miri|title=The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric|last1=Joseph|first1=Sister Miriam|year=2002|isbn=978-0967967509|editor-last=McGlinn|editor-first=Marguerite|edition=3rd|author-link=w:Sister Miriam Joseph|orig-year=1948|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy|title-link=Aristotle for Everybody|author-link=w:Mortimer Adler|last=Adler|first=Mortimer|date=1997|publisher=Touchstone|ISBN=0-684-83823-0|location=New York|orig-date=1978}}
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-Rules|Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#Rules_of_Reasoning_in_Philosophy|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] (1726). [[wikisource:The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)/BookIII-General_Scholium|General Scholium]], [[s:Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica#General_Scholium|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], 2nd edition (1713), ammended 3rd edition (1726)
* [[w:Maimonides|Maimonides]], [[s:Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]
* Euclid, [[s:Elements_of_Geometry_(Euclid)|Elements of Geometry]]
* {{cite book|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|date=1941|publisher=Random House|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=w:Richard McKeon|location=New York|author-link=s:Author:Aristotle}}
* [[w:Koheleth|Koheleth]], Son of David, King of Jerusalem, [[wikisource:Ecclesiastes (Bible)|Ecclesiastes]]
{{Note2|text=[[History of Topics in Special Relativity/Lorentz transformation (introduction)]] - an example of a good wikiversity course that evolved from the long version of wikipedia article that was redacted for brevity. This is how the two projects differentiate from and also support each other. Thanks to [[User:D.H.]]}}

== History of Human Error with Corrections Applied ==
* [[User:Jaredscribe/NeoIsagoge to Aristotle's Categories:  A solution to Porphyry's pseudo-problem of Universals]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Basic errors in modern thought]] according to [[w:Mortimer_Adler|Mortimer Adler]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/The Magical Polytheistic Fantasy of CS Lewis|User:Jaredscribe/The Reality Check to CS Lewis's Magical Polytheistic Fantasy]], critical analysis of Lewis's [[w:Narnia]]
{{expand}}

==Ontology and Metaphysics on Wikidata==
Planning to model topics in natural philosophy, analytics, science, and math, with the collected works of [[wikisource:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and his commentators and critics, correlated to wikiquotes drawn from wikisource. Notes are at [[d:User:Jaredscribe]], where I've also sketched out a future presentation on the metaphysics of ontology.  (However unfortunately, matters of diplomacy, war, and current events may be preoccupations in the near term future.) 

== Student and Adjunct Faculty Union==
Announcing the formation of a local [[User:Jaredscribe/Teachers unions|Substitute Teachers and High School Students and Adjunct Faculty Union]] and inviting students to go on strike for learn-ins, study-ins, and teach-ins at the school and public libraries, on wikiprojects, and on social and traditional media, for [[User:Jaredscribe/Armistice of WWI Remembrance and Veterans Day|Armistice of WWI Remembrance]] this and every future 11th November (Veterans Day).

== Notes for Someday/Maybe ==

* [[Foreign policy from Obama to Trump]]
* [[Are axioms definitions in disguise?#Con|Are axioms definitions in disguise? Con]]
* [[Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war?|Does Israel commit genocide in Israel–Hamas war? Have Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and their allies attempted genocide of the Jewish_people?]]
* [[Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?#Russia should surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence|Should Ukraine surrender to Russia in 2022?  Should Russia surrender and recognize Ukrainian independence]]?
* [[User:Jaredscribe/History of the Jews in exile]]
* [[User:Jaredscribe/Heculaneum papyri]]
* [[Palestinian campus occupations of 2024]]

== The Aleph Beit ==
Taking the acrostic psalm 145, lets learn the hebrew alphabet, and the first word of each verse.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!en
!
!el
![[s:el:Ψαλμοί_του_Δαυίδ/ΡΜΔ]]
![[s:he:ביאור:תהלים_קמה|s:he:תהלים קמה]]
!he
|-
!Aa
!I will exalt you
!Α
!
!ארממך
!א
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|Aa
|'''I will''' exalt you
|Αα
|
|ארממך
|א
|-
|Bb
|'''Every''' day
|Ββ
|
|בכל יום
|ב
|-
|Gg
|'''Great'''
|Γγ
|
|גדל
|ג
|-
|Dd
|Generation
|Δδ
|
|דור לדור
|ד
|-
|Hh
|Splendor
|Ηη
|
|הדר כבוד
|ה
|-
|Vv
|'''And''' strength
|
|
|ועזוז
|ו
|-
|Zz
|Great '''memorial'''
|Ζζ
|
|זכר רב
|ז
|-
|Ch
|'''Merciful''' and kind
|χ
|
|חנון ורחום
|ח
|-
|Tt
|Good
|
|
|טוב
|ט
|-
|Yy
|They will thank you
|
|
|יודוך
|י
|-
|Kk
|Honor
|
|
|כבוד
|כ
|-
|Ll
|To make known
|
|
|להודיע
|ל
|-
|Mm
|Thy '''Kingdom'''
|
|
|מלכותך
|מ
|-
|Nn
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Upholds
|
|
|סומך
|ס
|-
|Oo
|Eyes
|
|
|עיני
|ע
|-
|Pp
|Open
|
|
|פתח
|פ
|-
|Ts
|Righteous
|
|
|צדיק
|צ
|-
|Qq
|Near
|
|
|קרב
|ק
|-
|Rr
|Wish
|
|
|רצון
|ר
|-
|Ss
|Guard
|
|
|שומר
|ש
|-
|Tt
|Praises
|
|
|תהלת
|ת
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Scholarly Ethics and Wiki Politics==
[[w:he:משתמש:Jaredscribe/דרך_ארץ_ויקי#וק:שבע_דברים_בויקיגולם_ושבע_בויקיחכם]]
[[:meta:User:Jaredscribe/UCoC]]


* שבעה דבריםל בגולם ושבעה בחכם. חכם
** אינו מדבר בפני מי שהוא גדול ממנו בחכמה ובמניןלב,
** ואינו נכנס לתוך דברי חבירו,
** ואינו נבהל להשיב,
** שואל כענין ומשיב כהלכה,
** ואומר על ראשון ראשון ועל אחרון אחרון,
** ועל מה שלא שמע, אומר לא שמעתי,
** ומודה על האמת.
* חילופיהן בגולם
* [[s:משנה אבות ה ז]]


{{Template:Scholarly_ethics}}
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    </revision>
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    <title>WikiJournal Preprints/A Newtonian Explanation for Dark Energy from Whittaker Potential Theory</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Pi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>302470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2693964</id>
      <parentid>2690351</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-01T07:44:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThaniosAkro</username>
        <id>2805358</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Implementation */</comment>
      <origin>2693964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17831" sha1="dr6tm5ji7wnrkfbegsbthnfcxrezz3c" xml:space="preserve">Pi is a mathematical concept related to circles, geometry, and probably more. 
-----
;Subpages
{{Subpages/List}}
-----
'''Notice:''' [[Pi/Real cosine function/Definition]] and [[Pi/Zero of cosine/Introduction/Section]] are two subpages to [[Pi]] that should not be deleted because they are transclusions to another learning resource.  '''Please do not delete this page because it might help &quot;protect&quot; the subpages.'''

==Learning resources==
===Wikipedia===
* [[Wikipedia:Pi|Pi]]
* [[Wikipedia:Category:Pi|Pi]] (Category)
* [[Wikipedia:Irrational number|Irrational number]]
* [[Wikipedia:Approximations of π|Approximations of π]]
* [[Wikipedia:List of topics related to π|List of topics related to π]]
* [[Wikipedia:List of formulae involving π|List of formulae involving π]]
* [[Wikipedia:A History of Pi|A History of Pi]]
* [[Wikipedia:Turn_(angle)#Tau_proposals|Turn_(angle)#Tau_proposals]]
* [[Wikipedia:Six nines in pi|Six nines in pi]]
* [[Wikipedia:Proof that π is irrational|Proof that π is irrational]]
===External===
* [https://www.exploratorium.edu/pi/history-of-pi A Brief History of Pi (π)]
* [https://press.princeton.edu/ideas/pi-is-magic Pi is magic]
* [https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~cherlin/History/Papers2000/wilson.html The History of Pi]
* [https://www.math.utah.edu/~alfeld/math/pi.html pi to 10,000 digits]
* [https://news.web.baylor.edu/news/story/2023/baylor-math-chair-explains-magic-mystery-p-pi Baylor Math Chair Explains Magic, Mystery of π (Pi)]
* [https://curtiscenter.math.ucla.edu/are-there-any-practical-applications-of-pi-aside-from-calculating-the-area-or-circumference-of-a-circle/ Are there any practical applications of pi, aside from calculating the area or circumference of a circle?]
* [https://content.byui.edu/file/b8b83119-9acc-4a7b-bc84-efacf9043998/1/Math-2-5-1.html Pi and the Circumference of a Circle]
* [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/03/harvard-physics-lecturer-on-why-pi-endlessly-fascinates-us/ Our endless fascination with pi]

==Calculation of π==
===Radians, the natural angle===
[[File:1129radian00.png|thumb|400px|'''Diagram illustrating one radian of angular measurement.'''
&lt;/br&gt;
Arc of circle (red curved line with arrows) with length equal to radius of circle subtends one radian at center.
&lt;/br&gt;
In diagram above, length of radius = length of arc = 1.
&lt;/br&gt;
One radian &lt;math&gt;= 57.29577951308232\dots^\circ.&lt;/math&gt;
]]
If you were a mathematician among the ancient Sumerians of the 3rd millennium BC and you were determined to define 
the angle that could be adopted as a standard to be used by all users of trigonometry, you would probably suggest
the angle in an equilateral triangle.
This angle is easily defined, easily constructed, easily understood and easily reproduced. It would be easy to call
this angle the &quot;natural&quot; angle.

The numeral system used by the ancient Sumerians was Sexagesimal, also known as base 60, a numeral system with sixty as its base.
In practice the natural angle could be divided into 60 parts, now called degrees, and each degree could be divided into
60 parts, now called minutes, and so on.

Three equilateral triangles fit neatly into a semi-circle, hence 180 degrees in a semi-circle.

We know that &lt;math&gt;\tan 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.&lt;/math&gt;
Therefore, &lt;math&gt;\arctan (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3})&lt;/math&gt; should be &lt;math&gt;0.5,&lt;/math&gt; or one half of our concept of the natural angle.

Whatever the natural angle might be, it has existed for billions of years, but it has come to light only in recent times
with invention of the calculus.

In mathematics, the arctangent series, traditionally called Gregory's series, is the Taylor series expansion at the origin of the arctangent function:

&lt;math&gt;\arctan x = x - \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^5}{5} - \frac{x^7}{7} + \frac{x^9}{9} + \cdots.&lt;/math&gt;

The following python code calculates 
&lt;math&gt;\arctan (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3})&lt;/math&gt; using Gregory's series:
&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

r3 = 3 ** .5
x = r3/3

arctan_x = (
      x        -  x**3/3  +  x**5/5  -  x**7/7  +  x**9/9  - x**11/11 + x**13/13 - x**15/15 + x**17/17 - x**19/19
    + x**21/21 - x**23/23 + x**25/25 - x**27/27 + x**29/29 - x**31/31 + x**33/33 - x**35/35 + x**37/37 - x**39/39
    + x**41/41 - x**43/43 + x**45/45 - x**47/47 + x**49/49 - x**51/51 + x**53/53 - x**55/55 + x**57/57 - x**59/59
    + x**61/61 - x**63/63 + x**65/65 - x**67/67 + x**69/69
)

sx = 'arctan_x' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
arctan_x = 0.5235987755982988
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Our assessment of the natural angle as the angle in an equilateral triangle was a very reasonable guess.

However, the natural angle is the radian, the angle subtended at center of circle by an arc on the circumference equal to the radius.

Six times arctan_x &lt;math&gt;= 180^\circ&lt;/math&gt; or the number of radians in a semi-circle:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

sx = 'arctan_x * 6' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
sx = '180/(arctan_x * 6)' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
arctan_x * 6 = 3.141592653589793
180/(arctan_x * 6) = 57.29577951308232
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
&lt;math&gt;\pi = 3.141592653589793\dots,&lt;/math&gt; number of radians in semi-circle.

One radian &lt;math&gt;= 57.29577951308232\dots^\circ,&lt;/math&gt; slightly less than &lt;math&gt;60^\circ.&lt;/math&gt;


Because the value &lt;math&gt;\frac\sqrt{3}{3}&lt;/math&gt; is fairly large, calculation of &lt;code&gt;arctan_x&lt;/code&gt; above required 34 operations
to produce result accurate to 16 places of decimals. The calculation did not converge quickly.

Python code below uses much smaller values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt;, and calculation of &lt;code&gt;arctan_x&lt;/code&gt; for precision of 1001 is quite fast.

===tan(A/2)===

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}}
[[File:1122tanA_200.png|thumb|400px|'''Graphical calculation of &lt;math&gt;\tan \frac{A}{2}&lt;/math&gt;.'''
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;OQ = 1;\ QP = t.&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;\tan(A) = \frac{QP}{OQ} = \frac{t}{1} = t.&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;math&gt;OP = OR = \sqrt{1 + t^2}&lt;/math&gt;
]]
In diagram:

Point &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt; has coordinates &lt;math&gt;(1,t).&lt;/math&gt;

Point &lt;math&gt;R&lt;/math&gt; has coordinates &lt;math&gt;(\sqrt{1 + t^2},0).&lt;/math&gt;

Mid point of &lt;math&gt;PR,\ M&lt;/math&gt; has coordinates &lt;math&gt;(   \frac{ 1 +  \sqrt{1 + t^2}  }{2}, \frac{t}{2}            ).&lt;/math&gt;

&lt;math&gt;\tan \frac{A}{2} = \frac{t}{2} / \frac{ 1 +  \sqrt{1 + t^2}  }{2} = \frac{t}{1 +  \sqrt{1 + t^2} }&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;= \frac{t}{1 +  \sqrt{1 + t^2} } \cdot \frac{1 -  \sqrt{1 + t^2}}{1 -  \sqrt{1 + t^2} }&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;= \frac{t(   1 -  \sqrt{1 + t^2}    )}{1-(1+t^2)}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;= \frac{t(   1 -  \sqrt{1 + t^2}    )}{-t^2}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math&gt;= \frac{-1 +  \sqrt{1 + t^2} }{t}&lt;/math&gt;


* &lt;math&gt;\tan \frac{A}{2} = \frac{\tan(A)}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \tan^2(A)}} = \frac{-1 +  \sqrt{1 + \tan^2 (A)} }{\tan (A)}&lt;/math&gt;

* &lt;math&gt;\tan (2A) = \frac{2\tan (A)}{ 1 - \tan^2 (A) }&lt;/math&gt;
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
===Implementation===
{{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}}
This section calculates five values of &lt;math&gt;\pi&lt;/math&gt; using the following known values of &lt;math&gt;\tan(A):&lt;/math&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
! Angle &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\tan(A)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;45^\circ&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;36^\circ&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;math&gt;\sqrt{   5 - 2\sqrt{5}  }&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;30^\circ&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;27^\circ&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;math&gt;\sqrt{    11 - 4\sqrt{5} + (\sqrt{5} - 3)   \sqrt{   10 - 2\sqrt{5}      }   }&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;24^\circ&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{       (3\sqrt{5} + 7)     \sqrt{5 - 2\sqrt{5}} - (\sqrt{5} + 3)\sqrt{3}     }{2}&lt;/math&gt;
|}

Values of &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; in table below are derived from the above values by using identity &lt;math&gt;\tan(\frac{A}{2}) = \frac{-1 + \sqrt{1 + \tan^2(A)}}{\tan(A)}&lt;/math&gt;:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
! Angle &lt;math&gt;\theta&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;x = \tan(\theta)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{45^\circ}{2^{33}}&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;code&gt;0.00000_00000_91432_37995_4197.....089_03901_63759_3912&lt;/code&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{36^\circ}{2^{33}}&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;code&gt;0.00000_00000_73145_90396_3357.....211_97500_56173_0713&lt;/code&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{30^\circ}{2^{33}}&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;code&gt;0.00000_00000_60954_91996_9464.....024_32806_94580_0689&lt;/code&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{27^\circ}{2^{33}}&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;code&gt;0.00000_00000_54859_42797_2518.....791_30634_03540_9738&lt;/code&gt;
|-
| &lt;math&gt;\frac{24^\circ}{2^{32}}&lt;/math&gt;
| &lt;code&gt;0.00000_00000_97527_87195_1143.....736_60376_04724_6778&lt;/code&gt;
|}

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

desired_precision = 1001
number_of_leading_zeroes = 10 # See below.

import decimal
dD = decimal.Decimal # Decimal object is like float with (almost) infinite precision.
dgt = decimal.getcontext()

Precision = dgt.prec = desired_precision + 3  # Adjust as necessary.
Tolerance = dD(&quot;1e-&quot; + str(Precision-2))      # Adjust as necessary.
adjustment_to_precision = number_of_leading_zeroes * 2 + 3

def tan_halfA(tan_A) :
    dgt.prec += adjustment_to_precision
    top = -1 + (1+tan_A**2).sqrt()
    dgt.prec -= adjustment_to_precision
    tan_A_2 = top/tan_A
    return tan_A_2
    
def tan_2A (tanA) :
    '''
          2 * tanA
tan(2A) = -----------
          1 - tanA**2
    '''
    if tanA in (1,-1) : return '1/0'
    dgt.prec += adjustment_to_precision
    bottom = (1 - tanA**2)
    output = 2*tanA/bottom
    dgt.prec -= adjustment_to_precision
    return output+0

def θ_tanθ_from_A_tanA (angleA, tanA) :
    '''
if input == 45,1
output is:
&quot;dD(45) / (2 ** (33))&quot;, &quot;0.00000_00000_91432_37995_....._63759_3912&quot;
                           ^^^^^^^^^^^
number_of_leading_zeroes refers to these zeroes.
θ,tanθ = θ_tanθ_from_A_tanA (angleA, tanA)
    '''
    θ, tanθ = angleA, tanA
    for p in range (1,100) :
        θ /= 2
        tanθ = tan_halfA(tanθ)
        if tanθ &gt;= dD('1e-' + str(number_of_leading_zeroes)) : continue
        str1 = str(tanθ)
        # str1 = &quot;n.nnnnnnnnnnnnn ..... nnnnnnnnnnnnE-11&quot;
        str1a = str1[0] + str1[2:-4]
        list1 = [ str1a[q:q+5] for q in range (0, len(str1a), 5) ]
        str2 = '0.00000_00000_' + ('_'.join(list1))
        dD2 = dD(str2)
        (dD2 == tanθ) or ({}[2])
        ((θ * (2**p)) == angleA ) or ({}[3])
        str3 = 'dD({}) / (2 ** ({}))'.format(angleA,p)
        (θ == eval(str3)) or ({}[4])
        return str3, str2
    ({}[5])


r3 = dD(3).sqrt()
r5 = dD(5).sqrt()
tan36 = (5 - 2*r5).sqrt()
tan45 = dD(1)
tan30 = r3/3

v1 = 3*r5+7
v2 = (5 - 2*r5).sqrt()
v3 = (r5+3)*r3
tan24 = ( v1*v2 - v3 )/2

v1 = r5 - 3 ; v2 = (10 - 2*r5).sqrt()
tan27 = ( 11 - 4*r5 + v1*v2 ).sqrt()


values_of_A_tanA = (
    (dD(45), tan45),
    (dD(36), tan36),
    (dD(30), tan30),
    (dD(27), tan27),
    (dD(24), tan24),
)

values_of_θ_tanθ = []
for (A, tanA) in values_of_A_tanA :
    θ, tanθ = θ_tanθ_from_A_tanA (A, tanA)
    print()
    sx = 'θ' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
#    sx = 'tanθ' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
    print ('tanθ =', '{}.....{}'.format(tanθ[:30], tanθ[-20:]))
    values_of_θ_tanθ += [ (θ, tanθ) ]

# Check
for (v1,v2),(v3,v4) in zip (values_of_A_tanA, values_of_θ_tanθ) :
    A, tanA = v1,v2
    θ = eval(v3)
    tanθ = dD(v4)
    status = 0
    for p in range (1,100) :
        θ *= 2
        tanθ = tan_2A (tanθ) 
        if θ == A :
            dgt.prec = desired_precision
            (+tanθ == +tanA) or ({}[10])
            dgt.prec = Precision            
            status = 1
            break
    status or ({}[11])
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
θ = dD(45) / (2 ** (33))
tanθ = 0.00000_00000_91432_37995_4197.....089_03901_63759_3912

θ = dD(36) / (2 ** (33))
tanθ = 0.00000_00000_73145_90396_3357.....211_97500_56173_0713

θ = dD(30) / (2 ** (33))
tanθ = 0.00000_00000_60954_91996_9464.....024_32806_94580_0689

θ = dD(27) / (2 ** (33))
tanθ = 0.00000_00000_54859_42797_2518.....791_30634_03540_9738

θ = dD(24) / (2 ** (32))
tanθ = 0.00000_00000_97527_87195_1143.....736_60376_04724_6778
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

def calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) :
    '''
angleθ may be: &quot;dD(27) / (2 ** (33))&quot;
tanθ may be: &quot;0.00000_00000_54859_42797_ ..... _03540_9738&quot;
π = calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ)
    '''
    thisName = 'calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) :'

    if isinstance(angleθ, dD) : pass
    elif isinstance(angleθ, str) : angleθ = eval(angleθ)
    else : ({}[21])
    if isinstance(tanθ, dD) : pass
    elif isinstance(tanθ, str) : tanθ = dD(tanθ)
    else : ({}[22])
    
    x = tanθ ; multiplier = -1 ; sum = x ; count = 0; status = 0

    #         x**3   x**5   x**7   x**9
    # y = x - ---- + ---- - ---- + ---- - ......
    #           3      5      7      9
    # 
    # Each term in the sequence is roughly the previous term multiplied by x**2.
    # Each value of x contains 10 leading zeroes after decimal point.
    # Therefore, each term in the sequence is roughly the previous term with 20 more leading zeroes.
    # Each pass through main loop adds about 20 digits to current value of sum
    # and θ is calculated to precision of 1004 digits with about 50 passes through main loop.
    # 
    for p in range (3,200,2) :
        # This is main loop.
        count += 1
        addendum = (multiplier * (x**p)) / p
        sum += addendum
        if abs(addendum) &lt; Tolerance :
            status = 1; break
        multiplier = -multiplier
    status or ({}[23])
    print(thisName, 'count =',count)
    π = sum * 180 / angleθ
    dgt.prec = desired_precision
    π += 0 # This forces π to adopt precision of desired_precision.
    dgt.prec = Precision
    return π

# Calculate five values of π:
values_of_π = []
for θ,tanθ in values_of_θ_tanθ :
    π = calculate_π (θ,tanθ)
    values_of_π += [ π ]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Each calculation of π required about 50 passes through main loop:
&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) : count = 50
calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) : count = 49
calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) : count = 49
calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) : count = 49
calculate_π (angleθ, tanθ) : count = 50
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Check that all 5 values of π are equal:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

set1 = set(values_of_π)
sx = 'len(values_of_π)' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
sx = 'len(set1)' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
sx = 'set1' ; print (sx, '=', eval(sx))
π, = set1 # Note the syntax. If length of set1 is not 1, this statement fails.
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
len(values_of_π) = 5
len(set1) = 1
set1 = {Decimal('3.141592653589793238462643383279.....12268066130019278766111959092164201989')}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Because all five calculated values of π are equal, there is very high probability that this value of π is accurate.


Print value of π as python command formatted:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
# python code

newLine = '''
'''[-1:]

def print_π (π) :
    '''
Input π is : Decimal('3.141592653589793238 ..... 66111959092164201989')
This function prints:
π = ( &quot;3.14159_26535_89793_23846_26433_83279_50288_41971_69399_37510&quot;
     +  &quot;58209_74944_59230_78164_06286_20899_86280_34825_34211_70679&quot;
     .....
     +  &quot;18577_80532_17122_68066_13001_92787_66111_95909_21642_01989&quot; )
    '''
    πstr = str(π)
    (len(πstr) == (desired_precision + 1)) or ({}[31])
    (πstr[:2] == '3.') or ({}[32])

    twenty_rows = []
    for p in range (2, len(πstr), 50) :
        str1a = πstr[p:p+50]
        list1a = [ str1a[q:q+5] for q in range(0, len(str1a), 5) ]
        str1b = '_'.join(list1a)
        twenty_rows += [str1b]
    twenty_rows[0] = '3.' + twenty_rows[0]
    joiner = '&quot;{}     +  &quot;'.format(newLine)
    str3 = '( &quot;{}&quot; )'.format(joiner.join(twenty_rows))
    
    str4 = eval(str3)
    (dD(str4) == π) or ({}[33])

    lines = str3.split(newLine)
    paragraphs = [ newLine.join(lines[p:p+4]) for p in range(0,len(lines),4) ]
    str5 = (newLine*2).join(paragraphs)

    str6 = eval(str5)
    (dD(str6) == π) or ({}[34])
    print ('π =', str5)
    
    return str5

π1 = print_π (π)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;
π = ( &quot;3.14159_26535_89793_23846_26433_83279_50288_41971_69399_37510&quot;
     +  &quot;58209_74944_59230_78164_06286_20899_86280_34825_34211_70679&quot;
     +  &quot;82148_08651_32823_06647_09384_46095_50582_23172_53594_08128&quot;
     +  &quot;48111_74502_84102_70193_85211_05559_64462_29489_54930_38196&quot;

     +  &quot;44288_10975_66593_34461_28475_64823_37867_83165_27120_19091&quot;
     +  &quot;45648_56692_34603_48610_45432_66482_13393_60726_02491_41273&quot;
     +  &quot;72458_70066_06315_58817_48815_20920_96282_92540_91715_36436&quot;
     +  &quot;78925_90360_01133_05305_48820_46652_13841_46951_94151_16094&quot;

     +  &quot;33057_27036_57595_91953_09218_61173_81932_61179_31051_18548&quot;
     +  &quot;07446_23799_62749_56735_18857_52724_89122_79381_83011_94912&quot;
     +  &quot;98336_73362_44065_66430_86021_39494_63952_24737_19070_21798&quot;
     +  &quot;60943_70277_05392_17176_29317_67523_84674_81846_76694_05132&quot;

     +  &quot;00056_81271_45263_56082_77857_71342_75778_96091_73637_17872&quot;
     +  &quot;14684_40901_22495_34301_46549_58537_10507_92279_68925_89235&quot;
     +  &quot;42019_95611_21290_21960_86403_44181_59813_62977_47713_09960&quot;
     +  &quot;51870_72113_49999_99837_29780_49951_05973_17328_16096_31859&quot;

     +  &quot;50244_59455_34690_83026_42522_30825_33446_85035_26193_11881&quot;
     +  &quot;71010_00313_78387_52886_58753_32083_81420_61717_76691_47303&quot;
     +  &quot;59825_34904_28755_46873_11595_62863_88235_37875_93751_95778&quot;
     +  &quot;18577_80532_17122_68066_13001_92787_66111_95909_21642_01989&quot; )
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}
[[File:1202pi_highlighted.png|thumb|400px|'''Value of &lt;math&gt;\pi&lt;/math&gt; highlighted.''']]
If you highlight the above expression for &lt;math&gt;\pi&lt;/math&gt; as shown in diagram,
you can copy and paste it into your python source file as valid python code.
{{RoundBoxBottom}}
{{RoundBoxBottom}}

==Discussion questions==
* What are useful applications of pi in engineering or science? 
* How is pi useful in computer science?

==See also==
* [[Math]]
* [[Geometry]]
* [[Exact_Trigonometric_Values]]</text>
      <sha1>dr6tm5ji7wnrkfbegsbthnfcxrezz3c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Dc.samizdat/Rotations</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>304127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2693941</id>
      <parentid>2693823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T21:36:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*John Stewart Bell */</comment>
      <origin>2693941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3246" sha1="pw9nfzz05gs5xnm2c9zw2z9734eles9" xml:space="preserve">== Galilean relativity in a space of four orthogonal dimensions ==

The paragraph ending in &quot;That is all of physics&quot; came to me on my mother's 101st birthday, just over a year after she died, like an example of rebirth in the spring. I say rebirth because it is probably not original, and even if it is, life must necessarily forget it someday, and just as necessarily rediscover it again someday afterwards. It seems to me to be as close an example to ''immortal life'' as I have encountered. That state, oxymoronic in nearly all senses I fear, may be said to exist where life discovers an immortal principle, and so (like the 11-cells) many lives distinct but not disjoint combine to give existence to an immortal object, where none could exist at all in singularity. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 19:44, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== Galaxies ==

What is a black hole? It is the hollow four-dimensional space that a galaxy is the three-dimensional surface of. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 16:55, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

== The dimpled fabric of spacetime ==

The spacetime of general relativity is often illustrated as a projection to a curved 2D surface in which large gravitational objects make gravity wells or dimples in the surface. In the Euclidean 4D view of the universe the 3D surface of a large cosmic object such as a galaxy surrounds an empty 4D space, and large gravitational objects within the galaxy must make dimples in its surface. But should we see them as dimples exactly? Would they dimple inwards or outwards? In the spacetime illustrations they are naturally always shown as dimpling downwards, which is somewhat disingenuous, strongly suggesting to the viewer that the reason for gravity is that it flows downhill - the original tautology we are trying to surmount! In the Euclidean 4D galaxy the dimple, if it is one, must be either inward or outward, and which it is matters. Is a large gravitational mass (such as a star) ''ahead'' of the smaller masses orbiting around it (such as its planets), or is it ''behind'' them, as they fly through 4-space on their Clifford parallel trajectories? The answer is ''both'' of course, because a star is not a dimple, it is a 4-ball, and it dimples the 3D surface both inwards and outwards. It is a thick place in the 3D surface. We should view it as having its gravitational center precisely at the surface of a 3-sphere expanding radially at velocity &lt;math&gt;c&lt;/math&gt;. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 18:15, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

== John Stewart Bell ==

A roulette wheel has three orthogonal dimensions of binary parity: high/low (a finite integer set partitioned in two), even/odd (a different partitioning of the integer set), and a third dimension red/black (which belong to a distinct sequence, and I dare say a distinct group, than the other two parities).

[[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 21:36, 31 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pw9nfzz05gs5xnm2c9zw2z9734eles9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693943</id>
      <parentid>2693941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T22:10:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* John Stewart Bell by Adam Becker */</comment>
      <origin>2693943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3748" sha1="95zkwdh332pm1dy9voy97ac4z84j1sc" xml:space="preserve">== Galilean relativity in a space of four orthogonal dimensions ==

The paragraph ending in &quot;That is all of physics&quot; came to me on my mother's 101st birthday, just over a year after she died, like an example of rebirth in the spring. I say rebirth because it is probably not original, and even if it is, life must necessarily forget it someday, and just as necessarily rediscover it again someday afterwards. It seems to me to be as close an example to ''immortal life'' as I have encountered. That state, oxymoronic in nearly all senses I fear, may be said to exist where life discovers an immortal principle, and so (like the 11-cells) many lives distinct but not disjoint combine to give existence to an immortal object, where none could exist at all in singularity. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 19:44, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

== Galaxies ==

What is a black hole? It is the hollow four-dimensional space that a galaxy is the three-dimensional surface of. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 16:55, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

== The dimpled fabric of spacetime ==

The spacetime of general relativity is often illustrated as a projection to a curved 2D surface in which large gravitational objects make gravity wells or dimples in the surface. In the Euclidean 4D view of the universe the 3D surface of a large cosmic object such as a galaxy surrounds an empty 4D space, and large gravitational objects within the galaxy must make dimples in its surface. But should we see them as dimples exactly? Would they dimple inwards or outwards? In the spacetime illustrations they are naturally always shown as dimpling downwards, which is somewhat disingenuous, strongly suggesting to the viewer that the reason for gravity is that it flows downhill - the original tautology we are trying to surmount! In the Euclidean 4D galaxy the dimple, if it is one, must be either inward or outward, and which it is matters. Is a large gravitational mass (such as a star) ''ahead'' of the smaller masses orbiting around it (such as its planets), or is it ''behind'' them, as they fly through 4-space on their Clifford parallel trajectories? The answer is ''both'' of course, because a star is not a dimple, it is a 4-ball, and it dimples the 3D surface both inwards and outwards. It is a thick place in the 3D surface. We should view it as having its gravitational center precisely at the surface of a 3-sphere expanding radially at velocity &lt;math&gt;c&lt;/math&gt;. [[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 18:15, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

== John Stewart Bell by Adam Becker ==

A roulette wheel has three orthogonal dimensions of binary parity: high/low (a finite integer set partitioned in two), even/odd (a different partitioning of the integer set), and a third dimension red/black (which belong to a distinct sequence, and I dare say a distinct group, than the other two parities).

&quot;Polarization is a property of light -- light is an electromagnetic wave, and the polarization is the direction that the wave is doing its waving in. Polarization is sort of like a little arrow that each photon carries with it that can point in different dirdctions. But ... we can't actually tell what direction a photon's polarization arrow is pointing. All we can do is measure a photon's polarization along one particular axis at a time in a somewhat indirect [binary] manner ....&quot;

[[User:Dc.samizdat|Dc.samizdat]] ([[User talk:Dc.samizdat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dc.samizdat|contribs]]) 21:36, 31 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Palestinian campus occupations of 2024</title>
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[[w:2024_University_of_Oregon_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation|2024_University_of_Oregon_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation]]. President Scholz on May 1st&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://president.uoregon.edu/addressing-free-speech-safety-and-current-events|title=Addressing free speech, safety, and current events {{!}} Office of the President|website=president.uoregon.edu|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7th May Statement from Ducks for Israel, Hillel, Chabad, jewish federation of Lane County&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6pDwaASN9x/?img_index=1|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; 9th May statement from UofO negotiators, will not boycott or divest, but will fund viisting scholar program.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://freespeech.uoregon.edu/uo-response-encampment-demands|title=UO response to encampment demands {{!}} UO Free Speech and Safety at UO|website=freespeech.uoregon.edu|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endorses statement by [[w:AAUP|AAUP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsletter.uauoregon.org/united-academics-statement-on-campus-protests/|title=United Academics statement on Campus Protests|last=newsletter|date=2024-05-03|website=The Duck &amp; Cover|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daily Emerald coverage&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/encampment/|title=Encampment|last=Emerald|first=Daily|date=2023-11-27|website=Daily Emerald|language=en|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; ASUO Senate BDS resolution&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a5MTDh3AV21JJylK9Cbg4DUYGUGs0OMhVDs_e8BPne8/edit?usp=embed_facebook|title=Divestment Resolution|website=Google Docs|language=en|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;  UO Palestine Coalition response&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6y7biBxkDM/?img_index=2|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[w:2024_Portland_State_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation|2024 Portland State University pro-Palestinian campus occupation]]

ASOSU BDS resolution&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c-5_6uR-AvfpZKdAu9zQ9DkeMj3dItNOjGTYMJcQsXc/edit?usp=embed_facebook|title=BDS resolution|website=Google Docs|language=en|access-date=2024-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[w:2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses|2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses]]</text>
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    <title>Mentors of Boolean functions</title>
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      <text bytes="7211" sha1="bxwfoiao0vzaeiziw4aqnzzmbx95ygk" xml:space="preserve">{{Boolf header}}
__NOTOC__

The mentor is a rather dubious [[Soft properties of Boolean functions|soft property]] of a BF. But it seems surprisingly interesting.&lt;br&gt;
It is found in three steps: Creating a [[Boolf-hard#family|family matrix]], getting the senior [[Noble Boolean functions|nobles]] of its rows, and getting their [[Boolf-hard#prefect|prefects]].&lt;br&gt;
The first digits of the prefects form the mentor.

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/illustrated examples 3-ary}}

The following images are the 4-ary equivalents of those above. The results are either the same as above, or the complement.

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/illustrated examples 4-ary}}

==Walsh permutations==

A Boolean function has a unique mentor for a given arity.  The map between mentors can be expressed by four different [[Walsh permutation]]s.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .7;&quot;&gt;(That is, because a BF can be denoted by its truth table or by its Zhegalkin index. In the images above, they are shown red and green.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
In all there are six Walsh permutations, which shall be denoted by Cyrillic letters: &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Ж &lt;small&gt;(Zhe)&lt;/small&gt;, &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ч &lt;small&gt;(Che)&lt;/small&gt;, Ш &lt;small&gt;(Sha)&lt;/small&gt;, &amp;nbsp; Ю &lt;small&gt;(Yu)&lt;/small&gt;, Я &lt;small&gt;(Ya)&lt;/small&gt;, &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Щ &lt;small&gt;(Shcha)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Their degree is &lt;math&gt;d = 2^{arity}&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. they correspond to invertible binary &lt;math&gt;d \times d&lt;/math&gt; matrices.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .7;&quot;&gt;(The letter Ж is used in two different ways: On its own it represents the permutation. Followed by an integer it represents a BF, identified by its [[Zhegalkin matrix|Zhegalkin index]].)&lt;/small&gt;

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/four WP relationships}}

Ч and Ш are both self-inverse. Ю and Я are inverse to each other.

The matrix of Щ is part of a top right Sierpinki triangle. Its diagonals follow a negated XOR pattern. &lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .5;&quot;&gt;(See [[c:File:Variadic5 antipode; ESAND (ESNOR twin).svg|image]].)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
The matrix of Ш is almost the same, but with the top right entry inverted.&lt;br&gt;
The matrix of Ч is a family matrix. Its top row is related to that of the Ш matrix. &lt;small&gt;The calculation involves the Zhegalkin twin and reversing the truth table.&lt;/small&gt;

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/code Che matrix}}


===1-ary===

The permutations are all six Walsh permutations of degree 2. {{spaces|5}} Ч = (0, 2, 1, 3) {{spaces|5}} Ш = (0, 1, 3, 2) {{spaces|5}} Щ = I &lt;small&gt;(neutral permutation)&lt;/small&gt;

{{Collapsible START|permutations|wide collapsed}}
{{Mentors of Boolean functions/illustrated WP 1-ary}}
{{Collapsible END}}

===2-ary===

Ч = Ш = I &lt;small&gt;(neutral permutation)&lt;/small&gt; {{spaces|5}} Ю = Я = Ж {{spaces|5}} &lt;small&gt;Щ = (0, 1, 2, 3, &amp;nbsp; 4, 5, 6, 7, &amp;nbsp; 9, 8, 11, 10, &amp;nbsp; 13, 12, 15, 14)&lt;/small&gt;

===3-ary===

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/illustrated WP 3-ary}}

{{Collapsible START|code|collapsed light gap-above}}
{{Mentors of Boolean functions/code/3-ary}}
{{Collapsible END}}

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/small WP example 199}}

===4-ary===

{{Mentors of Boolean functions/illustrated WP 4-ary}}

{{Collapsible START|relationship between the matrix patterns|collapsed light}}
The red family matrix has the pattern of Ч.&lt;br&gt;
The green matrix shows the twins of the red rows, and has the pattern of Ю and Я.&lt;br&gt;
The blue matrix shows the twins of the green columns, and has the pattern of Ш.&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Family of Zhe 38504.svg|400px|center]]
{{Collapsible END}}

{{Collapsible START|code|collapsed light gap-above}}
{{Mentors of Boolean functions/code/4-ary}}
{{Collapsible END}}

==seminars==

The mentor is not simply a bijection between Boolean functions, but between the truth tables for a given arity.&lt;br&gt;
The permutation from Zhegalkin indices to those of their ''n''-ary mentors is '''Ш&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;'''. The beginning of Ш&lt;sub&gt;''n''+1&lt;/sub&gt; is '''Щ&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;'''. &lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .5; font-size: 60%;&quot;&gt;([[w:Shcha|This letter]] has a little hook on the right.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
These two permutations are very similar. They are equal in the first half, and differ by exchanged neighbors in the second.

Neighboring Zhegalkin indices &lt;small&gt;(i.e. 2·''n'' and 2·''n''+1)&lt;/small&gt; denote complements.&lt;br&gt;
So although there is no mentor bijection between Boolean functions, there is one between pairs of complements.&lt;br&gt;
Complement and mentor partition the set of all Boolean functions into blocks of size 4 or 2. Such a block shall be called (big or small) ''seminar''.&lt;br&gt;
The Zhegalkin indices in a big seminar are &lt;math&gt;\{ a, a+1, b, b+1 \}&lt;/math&gt; with even &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, so it can be represented by the pair &lt;math&gt;(a, b)&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;An example of a seminar is {138, 139, 156, 157}, represented as (138, 156). See [[c:File:Set of 3-ary Boolean functions 12855504354077768210885020350402125463028803369886765232947200.svg|image]]. &lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .5;&quot;&gt;In the permutation it is represented by the pair (69, 78).&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;

The pairs &lt;math&gt;\left( \frac{a}{2}, \frac{b}{2} \right)&lt;/math&gt; are the cycles of a self-inverse Walsh permutation of degree &lt;math&gt;2^{arity} - 1&lt;/math&gt;. &lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .5;&quot;&gt;(For arity 3 the degree is 7, and the permuted integers are 0...127.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
For arities 1 and 2 this permutation is neutral. For arity 3 is has 64 fixed points &lt;small&gt;(of 128 places, i.e. 1/2)&lt;/small&gt;. For arity 5 it has 1024 fixed points &lt;small&gt;(of 32768 places, i.e. 1/32)&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;br&gt;

{{Collapsible START|mentor permutation|collapsed wide}}
[[File:Mentors 4; seminar permutation.svg|thumb|15×15 matrix corresponding to the Walsh permutation for arity 4.]]
The first 64 entries of the sequence are the fixed points. The next 64 entries form these 32 cycles:
&lt;source lang=&quot;python&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 60%;&quot;&gt;
[ 64,  75], [ 65,  74], [ 66,  73], [ 67,  72], [ 68,  79], [ 69,  78], [ 70,  77], [ 71,  76], 
[ 80,  91], [ 81,  90], [ 82,  89], [ 83,  88], [ 84,  95], [ 85,  94], [ 86,  93], [ 87,  92], 
[ 96, 107], [ 97, 106], [ 98, 105], [ 99, 104], [100, 111], [101, 110], [102, 109], [103, 108],
[112, 123], [113, 122], [114, 121], [115, 120], [116, 127], [117, 126], [118, 125], [119, 124]
&lt;/source&gt;

The permutation for arity 4 corresponds to the 15×15 matrix shown on the right.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small style=&quot;opacity: .5; font-size: 60%;&quot;&gt;It is described by this vector: (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 75, 128, 256, 512, 1155, 2048, 4233, 8330, 19252)&lt;/small&gt;

The matrix is always that of Ш or Щ without the top row and left column.
{{Collapsible END}}

For arity 3 the Boolean functions in big seminars are the sharp ones &lt;small&gt;(i.e. those with odd weight)&lt;/small&gt;. See {{Boolf prop 3-ary|seminar|images}}.

&lt;small&gt;For a given arity, each seminar is part of a {{Boolf prop 3-ary|chunky seminar}}. For arity 3 they all have size 16. {{Mentors of Boolean functions/example chunky seminar}}&lt;/small&gt;

==details==

===Fixed points of Ч by weight===

 &lt;span style=&quot;opacity: .5;&quot;&gt;0,  2,  4,  6, 8      sum&lt;/span&gt;
 1, 12, 38, 12, 1       64
 &amp;nbsp;
 &lt;span style=&quot;opacity: .5;&quot;&gt;0,  2,  4,   6,   8,  10, 12, 14, 16         sum&lt;/span&gt;
 1,  0, 60, 256, 390, 256, 60,  0,  1        1024

[[Category:Mentors of Boolean functions]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Improving Social Systems</title>
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      <text bytes="36705" sha1="1frdmzytljosjqikihivbbf9r2hxei7" xml:space="preserve">—Steps Toward a Better World

== Introduction ==
[[File:Improving_Social_Structures.png|thumb|We can improve the social structures that organize people.]]We are immersed in a web of [[Exploring Social Constructs|socially constructed]] systems that [[Influence and Persuasion|influence, persuade]], and constrain our lives. They are so prevalent that they can [[Exploring Worldviews/What Fish Don’t See|become invisible]] yet many of these [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|social operating systems]] are ineffective or faulty.

This course suggests paths toward improving social systems with a goal of allowing more people to [[Coming Together|come together]] and [[Living Wisely|live more wisely]]. {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}}

[[w:Social_change|Social change]] refers to altering the social order within a society, encompassing modifications in social institutions, social behaviors, or social relationships. At a broader scale, it can lead to significant transformations, either within a society or even the entire society.

Because improving social systems is very difficult, this course begins by exploring what you want to change and why you want to change it, before exploring how to change the system.

== Objectives ==
The objective of this course is to help people improve social systems.

== What do you want? ==
Improving social systems is a demanding task that often requires decades of dedicated effort from a many highly motivated and skilled people. Studying the histories of successful and unsuccessful social movements provides valuable insights and preparation for the challenges ahead. Moreover, it is crucial to clearly describe the benefits of the change and its significance to the broader society. Effective communication and persuasion are essential to engage the diverse group of supporters whose work will be required to carry out this transformation.

=== This Will be Difficult ===
It is useful to study the history of [[w:List_of_social_movements|several social movements]] that have occurred throughout recent history. The histories of abolition, women’s suffrage, and LGBTQ movements are briefly described here to illustrate the magnitude of the efforts, and to identify successful and unsuccessful strategies and tactics.

==== Abolition ====
[[w:Abolitionism|Abolitionism]], or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world.
[[File:UncleTomsCabinCover.jpg|right|thumb|''[[wikipedia:Uncle Tom's Cabin|Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' inflamed public opinion in the North and Britain against the evils of slavery.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom|timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom]] extends from [[w:Slavery_in_antiquity|ancient times]] through the present day. 

The [[w:Code_of_Ur-Nammu|Code of Ur-Nammu]], the oldest surviving law code, written around 2100 – 2050 BCE, includes laws about slaves in Sumerian Mesopotamia. It states that a slave who marries can’t be forced to leave the household, and returning an escaped slave earns two [[w:Shekel|shekels]]. It reveals two major [[w:Social_stratification|social strata]]: free people and slaves.

The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but slavery was later used in its colonies.

Under the actions of [[w:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi#Cultural_legacy|Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], [[w:Slavery#Chattel_slavery|chattel slavery]] has been abolished across Japan since 1590, though other forms of forced labor were used during World War II. The first and only country to self-liberate from slavery was a former French colony, Haiti, because of the Revolution of 1791–1804.

The [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom|British abolitionist movement]] began in the late 18th century, and the 1772 Somersett case established that slavery did not exist in English law. In 1807, the slave trade was made illegal throughout the British Empire, though existing slaves in British colonies were not liberated until the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833.

In the [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_States|United States, abolitionism]], was active from the [[w:Colonial_history_of_the_United_States|colonial era]] until the end of the [[w:American_Civil_War|American Civil War]], which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 1865.

Despite the 1865 abolition of slavery in the United States, there is much work still to be done. The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|civil rights movement]] continues to expand the rights provided to blacks. Although this movement was most active from 1954 through 1968, the struggle for equal rights continues today.

==== Women’s Suffrage ====
[[w:Women's_suffrage|Women's suffrage]] – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before [[w:Universal_suffrage|universal suffrage]], in which cases women and men from certain socioeconomic classes or races were still unable to vote. 
[[File:Inez Milholland 1913 two.jpg|thumb|[[w:Inez Milholland|Inez Milholland]] led the procession.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage|timeline of women’s suffrage]] worldwide extends from 1689 through the present, and is far from complete worldwide. The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage_in_the_United_States|timeline of women's suffrage in the United States]] begins in the 1780’s. The [[w:Woman_Suffrage_Procession|Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913]] was a significant event in this movement.

Although the [[w:Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_U.S._Constitution|Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] giving women the right to vote was ratified in 1920, it was not until the 1960’s that poll taxes and literacy tests were abolished, racial discrimination in voting was reduced, and poll taxes were eliminated at all levels of government. It was not until 1984 that Mississippi became the last state in the union to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment

The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)|timeline of women's legal rights in addition to voting]] is also very long. [[w:Feminist_movement|Feminist movements]], including efforts to pass the [[w:Equal_Rights_Amendment|Equal Rights Amendment]] are on-going.

==== LGBTQ movements ====
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer ([[w:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]]) [[w:LGBTQ_movements|movements]] are social movements that advocate for LGBTQ people in society. These movements have a [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history|long history around the world]]. The [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States|timeline of LGBTQ history in the United States]] begins as early as 1860 and is still ongoing. The [[w:Stonewall_riots|Stonewall riots]], which occurred June 28, 1969, is widely considered a turning point for gay rights in the United States. 

===== Assignment =====

# Scan this list of [[w:List_of_social_movements|social movements]].
# Identify a few that seem most like what you are planning.
# Study the history of those movements in depth to learn what did and did not work.
# Learn from this history.

=== What Do You Want to Have Happen? ===
Make certain that the changes you are planning are in the direction of [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. Be clear what it is you want to have happen. 

==== Assignment ====

# Read the essay [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|Seeking Real Good]].
# Complete the Wikiversity course [[Moral Reasoning]].
# Read the essay [[Evolving Governments/Good Government|Good Government]]. 
# Carefully consider the question “[[Exploring Existential Concerns/What Ought We Do?|What ought we do]]?”
# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Problem Finding]].
# Answer the three questions: “What do you want?” “What is true?” and “What are you going to do about it?”
# Optionally complete the [[Evolving Governments#Possibilities|Possibilities assignment]] in the [[Evolving Governments]] course. 

=== Why do you want this? ===
Because many people need to remain highly motivated to carry out the required improvements, it is important to be clear with yourself and others why this change is necessary and why it will provide benefits for many people.

==== Assignment ====

# Identify the [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assistors and resistors]] to the proposed changes.
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and several supporting reasons why you want this improvement to happen. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Be persuasive. Include both rational and emotional appeals. These will be used to engage assistors. 
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and supporting reasons why others will benefit from this improvement. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Include both rational and emotional appeals. This will be used to gain a broad base of support.
# Consider who will be opposed to this change, and why they will be opposed. Learn what they have at stake. Understand their actual and potential arguments as deeply and fully as you can. Create counterarguments that appeal both rationally and emotionally. These will be used to mitigate opposition by your resisters.  

=== The Pitch ===
Decide how you will communicate the nature and importance of this improvement to your advocates and your opponents.

==== Assignment ====

# Study successful [[w:Elevator_pitch|elevator pitches]]. 
# Study successful [[w:Slogan|slogans]]. 
# Study [[w:List_of_speeches|influential speeches]] given by [[w:Orator|prominent orators]].
# Study successful [[w:Long-form_journalism|long-form journalism]] articles.
# Write your first-draft elevator pitch, slogans, speech, and long-form journalism articles.
# [[Writing/Requesting Feedback|Request feedback]] on these communications materials from strong supporters, potential supporters, and likely resisters. 
# Improve the [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]. 
# Continue to revise, refine, and improve your communications methods, and materials.

== Theories of Social Change ==
[[w:Social_change|Social change]], the transformation of cultural, social, political, or economic structures over time, is explained by several prevailing theories.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text, responding to the prompt: “What are the prevailing theories of social change?”.&lt;/ref&gt; Each theory highlights different factors and mechanisms driving change, ranging from material conditions to ideas and collective actions. 

Understanding these theories of social change can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

Here are major theories of social change:

=== 1. Evolutionary Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Sociocultural_evolution|Evolutionary theory]] views social change as a gradual and progressive process, often likened to biological evolution. Societies move through stages of development, from simple to complex, as they adapt to their environment.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Auguste_Comte|Auguste Comte]], [[w:Herbert_Spencer|Herbert Spencer]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies evolve from primitive to advanced forms.
** Change is inevitable and continuous.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on linear progress and failure to account for abrupt or regressive changes.
* The Wikiversity courses on [[Evolving Governments]], [[Evolving Money]], and [[Intentional Evolution]] use this strategy.

=== 2. Conflict Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Conflict_theories|Conflict theory]] proposes that social change arises from conflicts between groups with opposing interests, often driven by power and resource inequalities. Change typically occurs through [[w:Revolution|revolution]] or [[w:Reform|reform]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Karl_Marx|Karl Marx]], [[w:Friedrich_Engels|Friedrich Engels]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** [[w:Class_conflict|Class struggle]] (e.g., between the [[w:Bourgeoisie|bourgeoisie]] and [[w:Proletariat|proletariat]]) is a primary driver of change.
** Conflict over resources and power leads to systemic transformation.
* '''Modern Applications''': [[w:Feminist_theoryt|Feminist theory]], [[w:Critical_race_theory|critical race theory]]
* '''Criticisms''': May overemphasize conflict and neglect cooperation as a driver of change.

=== 3. Functionalist Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Structural_functionalism|Functionalist Theory]] social change is seen as a process to restore balance or equilibrium in society when dysfunctions arise. Changes often occur incrementally to maintain stability.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Émile_Durkheim|Émile Durkheim]], [[w:Talcott_Parsons|Talcott Parsons]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Institutions evolve to meet new needs or correct imbalances.
** Social change is adaptive and preserves [[w:Social_order|social order]].
* '''Criticisms''': Tends to ignore power dynamics and conflict as drivers of change.

=== 4. Cyclical Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Social_cycle_theory|cyclical theory]] social change is seen as recurring in cycles, often characterized by periods of growth, stability, decline, and renewal. It challenges the notion of linear progress.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Oswald_Spengler|Oswald Spengler]], [[w:Arnold_J._Toynbee|Arnold Toynbee]], [[w:Pitirim_Sorokin|Pitirim Sorokin]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies or civilizations rise and fall in predictable patterns.
** Change is not necessarily progressive; regression or collapse is possible.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on fatalistic cycles; limited predictive power.

=== 5. Modernization Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Modernization_theory|Modernization theory]] proposes that social change occurs as traditional societies adopt modern practices and technologies. It emphasizes the transition from [[w:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] to [[w:Industrial_society|industrial societies]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Walt_Rostow|W.W. Rostow]], [[w:Daniel_Lerner|Daniel Lerner]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Economic development and technological advancement drive change.
** Traditional values and practices are replaced by rationality and efficiency.
* '''Criticisms''': Often [[w:Ethnocentrism|ethnocentric]] and dismissive of non-Western developmental paths.

=== 6. Dependency Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Dependency_theory|Dependency theory]] proposes that social change is shaped by the global economic system, where developed nations exploit underdeveloped ones, creating dependency and limiting their growth.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Andre_Gunder_Frank|Andre Gunder Frank]], [[w:Immanuel_Wallerstein|Immanuel Wallerstein]] ([[w:World-systems_theory|world-systems theory]])
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Core-periphery dynamics perpetuate inequalities.
** Change requires breaking free from exploitative systems.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for economic determinism and oversimplification of global dynamics.

=== 7. Cultural Lag Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Cultural_lag|Cultural lag theory]] proposes that social change occurs unevenly, with material culture (technology, tools) advancing faster than non-material culture (values, norms), creating a “lag” that causes tension and adaptation.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:William_Fielding_Ogburn|William F. Ogburn]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Technological innovation is a primary driver of change.
** Society must adapt its values and institutions to technological shifts.
* '''Criticisms''': Underestimates the role of intentional cultural shifts and agency.

=== 8. Collective Behavior and Social Movements Theory ===

* '''Overview''': Collective Behavior and [[w:Social_movement_theory|Social Movements Theory]] proposes that social change emerges through collective actions, such as [[w:Protest|protests]], revolutions, or movements, driven by shared grievances or goals.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Neil_Smelser|Neil Smelser]], [[w:Charles_Tilly|Charles Tilly]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Social movements arise from resource mobilization and shared ideologies.
** [[w:Collective_identity|Collective identity]] and leadership play critical roles.
* '''Criticisms''': Focuses heavily on short-term movements, sometimes neglecting broader structural changes.

=== 9. Postmodern Theories ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Postmodern_philosophy|Postmodern Theories]] reject the notion of universal explanations for social change, emphasizing [[w:Pluralism_(political_philosophy)|pluralism]], local narratives, and cultural diversity.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Michel_Foucault|Michel Foucault]], [[w:Jean_Baudrillard|Jean Baudrillard]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Power and knowledge are central to understanding change.
** Social change is fragmented and context specific.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for relativism and lack of practical applications.

=== 10. Environmental Determinism and Ecological Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Environmental_determinism|Environmental Determinism]] and Ecological Theory emphasize the impact of environmental factors, such as climate or geography, on societal structures and change.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Jared_Diamond|Jared Diamond]], [[w:Lester_R._Brown|Lester Brown]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Environmental constraints or crises often drive systemic change.
** [[w:Sustainability|Sustainability]] is critical for future transformation.
* '''Criticisms''': Risks underestimating human agency and innovation.

=== Conclusion ===
Each theory offers a unique lens to understand the dynamics of social change, often complementing others. Effective analyses typically combine multiple theories, recognizing the complexity of social systems and the interplay of economic, cultural, technological, and environmental factors. 

== Influence and Persuasion ==
[[w:Social_influence|Influence]] and [[w:Persuasion|persuasion]] are two powerful forces that shape human interactions and societal progress. While they are closely related, each term carries distinct meanings and implications. ''Influence'' refers to the capacity to affect the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of others, often subtly and indirectly.  

''Persuasion'', on the other hand, involves the deliberate attempt to convince someone to adopt a specific belief, attitude, or course of action. Both can be used for pro-social or anti-social purposes, depending on the intent and [[Moral Reasoning|ethical considerations]] of those wielding them. This course explores these concepts, their strategies, and their potential applications.

Improving social systems demands the skillful application and strategic navigation of various modes of influence and persuasive methods.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Influence and Persuasion]].
# Plan effective use of the modes of influence and the methods of persuasion.
# Beware of influences and persuasions that are detrimental to your work.
## Learn from, adopt, and amplify influences that are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]].
## Avoid, resist, or dispute influences that are not [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. 

== Leverage Points ==
[[w:Twelve_leverage_points|Twelve leverage points]] that are the most effective places to intervene in a system were proposed by [[w:Donella_Meadows|Donella Meadows]], a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]].
## Studying these [[/Leverage Point Examples/|additional leverage point examples]] may also be helpful.
# Identify the leverage points that can be most effective in achieving the improvements you seek.

== Effective Change Strategies and Examples ==
Below is a list of some of the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving positive [[w:Social_change|social change]], along with examples of their successful implementation:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to two prompts: 1) “List and briefly describe the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving effective positive social change. Cite important examples of each. “2)  “Identify the leverage points, selected from the Twelve leverage points identified by Donella Meadows, used in each of the examples.” The responses were then merged and lightly edited 

&lt;/ref&gt;

Understanding these change strategies can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

=== 1. Grassroots Mobilization ===

* '''Description''': Involves engaging local communities to advocate for change from the ground up. This often includes organizing protests, campaigns, or community meetings to build momentum.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|Civil Rights Movement]] in the U.S. used grassroots strategies like the [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] and [[w:Freedom_Riders|Freedom Rides]] to dismantle segregation.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 12. Constants, [[w:Parameter|parameters]], and numbers (e.g., subsidies, taxes, standards). The Civil Rights Movement's [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] changed public transportation revenues (a parameter) and applied pressure for desegregation policies.

=== 2. Advocacy and Lobbying ===
[[File:P051702-149695.jpg|thumb|Gay couple with a child.]]
* '''Description''': Involves influencing policymakers and stakeholders to enact legislative or policy changes. Advocacy campaigns often include [[w:Petition|petitions]], public awareness drives, [[w:Lobbying|lobbying]], and meetings with officials.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Same-sex_marriage|marriage equality movement]] used lobbying efforts combined with public advocacy, culminating in the [[w:Obergefell_v._Hodges|U.S. Supreme Court’s decision]] to legalize same-sex marriage in 2015.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints) The advocacy for marriage equality influenced laws and institutional rules, fundamentally altering societal incentives and constraints around same-sex relationships.

=== 3. Public Awareness Campaigns ===

* '''Description''': Uses media, art, and storytelling to educate the public and shift cultural attitudes on a specific issue. These campaigns often rely on [[w:Social_media|social media]], television ads, and [[w:Grassroots|grassroots]] outreach.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:It_Gets_Better_Project|It Gets Better]]” campaign helped change public attitudes toward LGBTQ+ youth, offering hope and combating bullying.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 4. The power to add, change, or [[w:Spontaneous_order|self-organize]] system structure. The “It Gets Better” campaign created new networks of support, empowering individuals to challenge existing social norms.

=== 4. Coalition Building ===

* '''Description''': Brings together organizations, communities, and individuals with shared goals to amplify their impact through collaboration.
* '''Example''': The global coalition to ban landmines united [[w:Non-governmental_organization|NGOs]], activists, and governments, resulting in the [[w:Ottawa_Treaty|1997 Mine Ban Treaty]].
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 8. The strength of feedback loops. The global coalition to ban landmines amplified feedback by uniting diverse voices, ensuring mutual reinforcement and greater systemic impact.

=== 5. Nonviolent Direct Action ===
[[File:Marche_sel.jpg|thumb|Gandhi leading the famous 1930 Salt March, a notable example of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance)]]
* '''Description''': [[w:Direct_action|Direct action]] involves peaceful demonstrations, [[w:Sit-in|sit-ins]], or acts of [[w:Civil_disobedience|civil disobedience]] to draw attention to an injustice and pressure change.
* '''Example''': Mahatma Gandhi’s [[w:Salt_March|Salt March]] in 1930 challenged British colonial rule and demonstrated the power of nonviolent resistance.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information.) Gandhi’s Salt March disrupted colonial economic structures and informed the public, empowering collective resistance.

=== 6. Policy Innovation and Pilots ===

* '''Description''': Proposing and testing new policies or solutions on a small scale before broader implementation. This approach demonstrates viability and minimizes risks.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Participatory_budgeting|participatory budgeting movement]], first implemented in Porto Alegre, Brazil, has empowered citizens to decide how municipal funds are allocated.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 9. The gain around driving positive feedback loops. Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, established a feedback loop where citizens’ involvement in budgeting decisions directly benefited their communities, reinforcing trust and participation.

=== 7. Strategic Litigation ===

* '''Description''': Using the legal system to set precedents, challenge unjust laws, or protect rights.
* '''Example''': [[w:Brown_v._Board_of_Education|Brown v. Board of Education]] (1954) ended racial segregation in U.S. public schools and set a legal precedent for civil rights.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints). Example: Brown v. Board of Education changed the legal rules around racial segregation, forcing systemic compliance with new constraints.

=== 8. Education and Capacity Building ===

* '''Description''': Empowering individuals and communities through education, skill-building, and resource access to enable long-term change.
* '''Example''': [[w:Malala_Yousafzai#Continuing_activism|Malala Yousafzai’s activism]] has emphasized the importance of girls' education, leading to increased global investment in gender equality in schools.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy for girls’ education increased awareness and improved access to learning, altering societal priorities.

=== 9. Social Entrepreneurship ===

* '''Description''': Combining business principles with social impact goals to create sustainable solutions to societal problems.
* '''Example''': Organizations like [[w:Toms_Shoes#Philanthropy|TOMS Shoes]] operate on a “[[w:One_for_one|one-for-one]]” model, providing shoes to those in need with every purchase.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). TOMS Shoes introduced a sustainable system that linked consumer behavior directly to social impact, reallocating economic flows.

=== 10. Technology and Digital Activism ===

* '''Description''': Leveraging social media, mobile apps, and other digital tools to mobilize, inform, and organize people for social change.
* '''Example''': The #[[w:MeToo_movement|MeToo movement]] used social media to amplify survivors' voices and demand accountability for sexual harassment and assault.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). The #MeToo movement leveraged social media to democratize access to information, challenging existing power dynamics.

=== 11. Cultural and Artistic Expression ===

* '''Description''': Using art, music, literature, and other cultural mediums to challenge norms, inspire empathy, and promote new ways of thinking.
* '''Example''': [[w:Bob_Dylan#Legacy|Bob Dylan’s protest songs]] became anthems for the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the 1960s.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 2. The mindset or paradigm out of which the system arises. Bob Dylan’s protest songs challenged dominant cultural paradigms, inspiring shifts in societal attitudes toward justice and freedom.

=== 12. Participatory Development ===

* '''Description''': Actively involving local communities in the design and implementation of development projects to ensure they are contextually appropriate and sustainable.
* '''Example''': Farmer-led agricultural programs in sub-Saharan Africa have increased food security by integrating local knowledge and needs.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). Farmer-led agricultural programs realigned resource flows and empowered local communities to influence their development.

=== 13. Private Sector Partnerships ===

* '''Description''': Collaborating with businesses to align profit motives with social good, such as [[w:Corporate_social_responsibility|corporate social responsibility]] (CSR) initiatives.
* '''Example''': [[w:Patagonia,_Inc.#Activism|Patagonia’s environmental campaigns]], including their commitment to sustainable manufacturing, highlight how businesses can drive positive change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 7. The rules and flows of the system. Patagonia’s environmental campaigns introduced rules and practices in business aligned with sustainability, altering market incentives.

=== 14. Systems Thinking and Holistic Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Addressing social issues by tackling underlying systems and interconnections rather than isolated symptoms.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:Housing_First|Housing First]]” model for [[w:Homelessness|homelessness]] focuses on providing stable housing as a foundation for addressing other issues like employment and mental health.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 1. Transcending paradigms. The “Housing First” model transcends traditional paradigms about homelessness by focusing on stability as a prerequisite for addressing other issues.

=== 15. Data and Evidence-Based Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Using research and data to identify problems, test interventions, and scale solutions that work.
* '''Example''': The success of [[w:Microfinance|microfinance]] institutions like [[w:Grameen_Bank|Grameen Bank]] demonstrates how data-driven approaches can alleviate poverty.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 11. Buffer sizes (stabilizing stocks in the system). Microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank increased economic stability for individuals, building resilience into the financial system.

=== 16. Youth Leadership and Mentorship ===

* '''Description''': Empowering young people to take leadership roles and contribute fresh perspectives to social change efforts.
* '''Example''': [[w:Greta_Thunberg#Activism|Greta Thunberg’s climate activism]] galvanized millions of young people to demand action on climate change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 3. The goals of the system. Greta Thunberg’s climate activism shifted public and governmental goals toward prioritizing sustainability and long-term climate action.

By combining these strategies and tailoring them to specific issues, significant and sustainable social change can be achieved. Each example showcases how these methods have successfully addressed pressing global challenges.

By targeting these specific leverage points, each example harnesses the power of systemic intervention, creating ripples of change that are amplified across society.

== Assignment ==

# Study the examples listed above.
# Be clear on [[what you can change and what you cannot]].
# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]] identified by Donella Meadows.
# Identify [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assisters and resisters]].
# Refine [[Improving Social Systems#The Pitch|your pitch]]. Improve your [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]].
# Select the strategies, approaches, and techniques you’ll use to achieve your desired outcome and effect positive social change.
# Identify the communications channels you will use to spread your message. Consider traditional media channels,alternative media, and social media platforms
# Take the actions needed to [[Solving Problems|solve the identified problem]].
# Persevere.

== Additional Opportunities ==
Our world faces many [[grand challenges]]. Because ineffective social systems contribute to causing or sustaining many of these challenges, improving social systems can help to address these challenges.

=== Assignment ===

# Study this list of [[grand challenges]].
# Select one to focus on.
## Adopt a [[Global Perspective|global perspective]].
## Ensure you have [[Problem Finding|found the real problem]].
# Identify the [[Attributing Blame|many causes]] that contribute to that challenge.
## Perform a detailed [[Attributing Blame#Cause-Effect Analysis|cause and effect analysis]] of the problem.
## Consider the various contributing causes suggested in this outline of  [[Grand challenges/Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences|Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences]].
# If ineffective social systems are a major contributing cause, then work to improve that social system.

The module on [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|Improving our Social Operating Systems]] suggests additional opportunities for improving social systems. 

== Recommended Reading ==
Students who are interested in learning more about improving social systems may wish to read these books:

*{{Cite book|title=Influence: the psychology of persuasion|last=Cialdini|first=Robert B.|date=20|publisher=Collins|isbn=978-0-06-124189-5|edition=Rev. ed., [Nachdr.]|location=New York, NY}}
*{{Cite book|title=The power principle: influence with honor|last=Lee|first=Blaine|date=1997|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-81058-4|location=New York, NY}}
* {{cite book |last=Snyder |first=Timothy |author-link=w:Timothy_D._Snyder |date=February 28, 2017 |title=On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century |publisher=Crown |pages=128 |isbn=978-0804190114}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=March 10, 2017 |title=The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=414 |isbn=978-8799973903}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=May 29, 2019 |title=Nordic Ideology: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=495 |isbn=978-8799973927}} Nordic Ideology
*	{{cite book |last=Sharp |first=Gene |author-link=w:Gene_Sharp |date=September 4, 2012 |title=From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation |publisher=The New Press |pages=160 |isbn=978-1595588500}}
*	{{cite book |last=Manzi |first=Jim  |author-link=w:Jim_Manzi_(software_entrepreneur) |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Uncontrolled: The Surprising Payoff of Trial-and-Error for Business, Politics, and Society  |publisher=Basic Books |pages=320 |isbn=978-0465023240}}
*	{{cite book |last1=Gehl |first1=Katherine M. |last2=Porter |first2=Michael E. |author-link=w:Michael_Porter |date=June 23, 2020 |title=The Politics Industry: How Political Innovation Can Break Partisan Gridlock and Save Our Democracy  |publisher=Harvard Business Review Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-1633699236}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Bok |first=Derek  |author-link=w:Derek_Bok |date=February 21, 2010 |title=The Politics of Happiness: What Government Can Learn from the New Research on Well-Being |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-0691144894}}
*	{{cite book |last=Reich |first=Robert B. |date=February 20, 2018 |title=The Common Good  |publisher=Knopf |pages=208 |isbn=978-0525520498 |author-link=w:Robert_Reich }}
*	{{cite book |last=Christakis |first=Nicholas A. |author-link=w:Nicholas_Christakis |date=March 26, 2019 |title=Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society |publisher=Little, Brown Spark |pages=441  |isbn=978-0316230032}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Ridley |first=Matt |author-link=w:Matt_Ridley |date=October 25, 2016 |title=The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge |publisher=Harper Perennial |pages=368 |isbn=978-0062296016}} 
*{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared  |author-link=w:Jared_Diamond |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed |publisher=Penguin Books |pages=608 |isbn=978-0143117001}}
I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research.

* {{Cite book|title=The Darwinian trap: the hidden evolutionary forces that explain our world (and threaten our future)|last=Rönn|first=Kristian|date=2024|publisher=Crown Currency|isbn=978-0-593-59406-3|edition=First edition|location=New York}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Applied Wisdom]]


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      <text bytes="36724" sha1="mak50oqazp21efvo0a3s48jzrum5oxk" xml:space="preserve">—Steps Toward a Better World

== Introduction ==
[[File:Improving_Social_Structures.png|thumb|We can improve the social structures that organize people.]]We are immersed in a web of [[Exploring Social Constructs|socially constructed]] systems that [[Influence and Persuasion|influence, persuade]], and constrain our lives. They are so prevalent that they can [[Exploring Worldviews/What Fish Don’t See|become invisible]] yet many of these [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|social operating systems]] are ineffective or faulty.

This course suggests paths toward improving social systems with a goal of allowing more people to [[Coming Together|come together]] and [[Living Wisely|live more wisely]]. {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}}

[[w:Social_change|Social change]] refers to altering the social order within a society, encompassing modifications in social institutions, social behaviors, or social relationships. At a broader scale, it can lead to significant transformations, either within a society or even the entire society.

Because improving social systems is very difficult, this course begins by exploring what you want to change and why you want to change it, before exploring how to change the system.

== Objectives ==
The objective of this course is to help people improve social systems.

== What do you want? ==
Improving social systems is a demanding task that often requires decades of dedicated effort from a many highly motivated and skilled people. Studying the histories of successful and unsuccessful social movements provides valuable insights and preparation for the challenges ahead. Moreover, it is crucial to clearly describe the benefits of the change and its significance to the broader society. Effective communication and persuasion are essential to engage the diverse group of supporters whose work will be required to carry out this transformation.

=== This Will be Difficult ===
It is useful to study the history of [[w:List_of_social_movements|several social movements]] that have occurred throughout recent history. The histories of abolition, women’s suffrage, and LGBTQ movements are briefly described here to illustrate the magnitude of the efforts, and to identify successful and unsuccessful strategies and tactics.

==== Abolition ====
[[w:Abolitionism|Abolitionism]], or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world.
[[File:UncleTomsCabinCover.jpg|right|thumb|''[[wikipedia:Uncle Tom's Cabin|Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' inflamed public opinion in the North and Britain against the evils of slavery.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom|timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom]] extends from [[w:Slavery_in_antiquity|ancient times]] through the present day. 

The [[w:Code_of_Ur-Nammu|Code of Ur-Nammu]], the oldest surviving law code, written around 2100 – 2050 BCE, includes laws about slaves in Sumerian Mesopotamia. It states that a slave who marries can’t be forced to leave the household, and returning an escaped slave earns two [[w:Shekel|shekels]]. It reveals two major [[w:Social_stratification|social strata]]: free people and slaves.

The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but slavery was later used in its colonies.

Under the actions of [[w:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi#Cultural_legacy|Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], [[w:Slavery#Chattel_slavery|chattel slavery]] has been abolished across Japan since 1590, though other forms of forced labor were used during World War II. The first and only country to self-liberate from slavery was a former French colony, Haiti, because of the Revolution of 1791–1804.

The [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom|British abolitionist movement]] began in the late 18th century, and the 1772 Somersett case established that slavery did not exist in English law. In 1807, the slave trade was made illegal throughout the British Empire, though existing slaves in British colonies were not liberated until the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833.

In the [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_States|United States, abolitionism]], was active from the [[w:Colonial_history_of_the_United_States|colonial era]] until the end of the [[w:American_Civil_War|American Civil War]], which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 1865.

Despite the 1865 abolition of slavery in the United States, there is much work still to be done. The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|civil rights movement]] continues to expand the rights provided to blacks. Although this movement was most active from 1954 through 1968, the struggle for equal rights continues today.

==== Women’s Suffrage ====
[[w:Women's_suffrage|Women's suffrage]] – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before [[w:Universal_suffrage|universal suffrage]], in which cases women and men from certain socioeconomic classes or races were still unable to vote. 
[[File:Inez Milholland 1913 two.jpg|thumb|[[w:Inez Milholland|Inez Milholland]] led the procession.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage|timeline of women’s suffrage]] worldwide extends from 1689 through the present, and is far from complete worldwide. The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage_in_the_United_States|timeline of women's suffrage in the United States]] begins in the 1780’s. The [[w:Woman_Suffrage_Procession|Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913]] was a significant event in this movement.

Although the [[w:Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_U.S._Constitution|Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] giving women the right to vote was ratified in 1920, it was not until the 1960’s that poll taxes and literacy tests were abolished, racial discrimination in voting was reduced, and poll taxes were eliminated at all levels of government. It was not until 1984 that Mississippi became the last state in the union to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment

The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)|timeline of women's legal rights in addition to voting]] is also very long. [[w:Feminist_movement|Feminist movements]], including efforts to pass the [[w:Equal_Rights_Amendment|Equal Rights Amendment]] are on-going.

==== LGBTQ movements ====
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer ([[w:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]]) [[w:LGBTQ_movements|movements]] are social movements that advocate for LGBTQ people in society. These movements have a [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history|long history around the world]]. The [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States|timeline of LGBTQ history in the United States]] begins as early as 1860 and is still ongoing. The [[w:Stonewall_riots|Stonewall riots]], which occurred June 28, 1969, is widely considered a turning point for gay rights in the United States. 

===== Assignment =====

# Scan this list of [[w:List_of_social_movements|social movements]].
# Identify a few that seem most like what you are planning.
# Study the history of those movements in depth to learn what did and did not work.
# Learn from this history.

=== What Do You Want to Have Happen? ===
Make certain that the changes you are planning are in the direction of [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. Be clear what it is you want to have happen. 

==== Assignment ====

# Read the essay [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|Seeking Real Good]].
# Complete the Wikiversity course [[Moral Reasoning]].
# Read the essay [[Evolving Governments/Good Government|Good Government]]. 
# Carefully consider the question “[[Exploring Existential Concerns/What Ought We Do?|What ought we do]]?”
# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Problem Finding]].
# Answer the three questions: “What do you want?” “What is true?” and “What are you going to do about it?”
# Optionally complete the [[Evolving Governments#Possibilities|Possibilities assignment]] in the [[Evolving Governments]] course. 

=== Why do you want this? ===
Because many people need to remain highly motivated to carry out the required improvements, it is important to be clear with yourself and others why this change is necessary and why it will provide benefits for many people.

==== Assignment ====

# Identify the [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assistors and resistors]] to the proposed changes.
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and several supporting reasons why you want this improvement to happen. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Be persuasive. Include both rational and emotional appeals. These will be used to engage assistors. 
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and supporting reasons why others will benefit from this improvement. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Include both rational and emotional appeals. This will be used to gain a broad base of support.
# Consider who will be opposed to this change, and why they will be opposed. Learn what they have at stake. Understand their actual and potential arguments as deeply and fully as you can. Create counterarguments that appeal both rationally and emotionally. These will be used to mitigate opposition by your resisters.  

=== The Pitch ===
Decide how you will communicate the nature and importance of this improvement to your advocates and your opponents.

==== Assignment ====

# Study successful [[w:Elevator_pitch|elevator pitches]]. 
# Study successful [[w:Slogan|slogans]]. 
# Study [[w:List_of_speeches|influential speeches]] given by [[w:Orator|prominent orators]].
# Study successful [[w:Long-form_journalism|long-form journalism]] articles.
# Write your first-draft elevator pitch, slogans, speech, and long-form journalism articles.
# [[Writing/Requesting Feedback|Request feedback]] on these communications materials from strong supporters, potential supporters, and likely resisters. 
# Improve the [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]. 
# Continue to revise, refine, and improve your communications methods, and materials.

== Theories of Social Change ==
[[w:Social_change|Social change]], the transformation of cultural, social, political, or economic structures over time, is explained by several prevailing theories.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text, responding to the prompt: “What are the prevailing theories of social change?”.&lt;/ref&gt; Each theory highlights different factors and mechanisms driving change, ranging from material conditions to ideas and collective actions. 

Understanding these theories of social change can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

Here are major theories of social change:

=== 1. Evolutionary Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Sociocultural_evolution|Evolutionary theory]] views social change as a gradual and progressive process, often likened to biological evolution. Societies move through stages of development, from simple to complex, as they adapt to their environment.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Auguste_Comte|Auguste Comte]], [[w:Herbert_Spencer|Herbert Spencer]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies evolve from primitive to advanced forms.
** Change is inevitable and continuous.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on linear progress and failure to account for abrupt or regressive changes.
* The Wikiversity courses on [[Evolving Governments]], [[Evolving Money]], and [[Intentional Evolution]] use this strategy.

=== 2. Conflict Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Conflict_theories|Conflict theory]] proposes that social change arises from conflicts between groups with opposing interests, often driven by power and resource inequalities. Change typically occurs through [[w:Revolution|revolution]] or [[w:Reform|reform]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Karl_Marx|Karl Marx]], [[w:Friedrich_Engels|Friedrich Engels]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** [[w:Class_conflict|Class struggle]] (e.g., between the [[w:Bourgeoisie|bourgeoisie]] and [[w:Proletariat|proletariat]]) is a primary driver of change.
** Conflict over resources and power leads to systemic transformation.
* '''Modern Applications''': [[w:Feminist_theoryt|Feminist theory]], [[w:Critical_race_theory|critical race theory]]
* '''Criticisms''': May overemphasize conflict and neglect cooperation as a driver of change.

=== 3. Functionalist Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Structural_functionalism|Functionalist Theory]] social change is seen as a process to restore balance or equilibrium in society when dysfunctions arise. Changes often occur incrementally to maintain stability.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Émile_Durkheim|Émile Durkheim]], [[w:Talcott_Parsons|Talcott Parsons]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Institutions evolve to meet new needs or correct imbalances.
** Social change is adaptive and preserves [[w:Social_order|social order]].
* '''Criticisms''': Tends to ignore power dynamics and conflict as drivers of change.

=== 4. Cyclical Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Social_cycle_theory|cyclical theory]] social change is seen as recurring in cycles, often characterized by periods of growth, stability, decline, and renewal. It challenges the notion of linear progress.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Oswald_Spengler|Oswald Spengler]], [[w:Arnold_J._Toynbee|Arnold Toynbee]], [[w:Pitirim_Sorokin|Pitirim Sorokin]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies or civilizations rise and fall in predictable patterns.
** Change is not necessarily progressive; regression or collapse is possible.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on fatalistic cycles; limited predictive power.

=== 5. Modernization Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Modernization_theory|Modernization theory]] proposes that social change occurs as traditional societies adopt modern practices and technologies. It emphasizes the transition from [[w:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] to [[w:Industrial_society|industrial societies]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Walt_Rostow|W.W. Rostow]], [[w:Daniel_Lerner|Daniel Lerner]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Economic development and technological advancement drive change.
** Traditional values and practices are replaced by rationality and efficiency.
* '''Criticisms''': Often [[w:Ethnocentrism|ethnocentric]] and dismissive of non-Western developmental paths.

=== 6. Dependency Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Dependency_theory|Dependency theory]] proposes that social change is shaped by the global economic system, where developed nations exploit underdeveloped ones, creating dependency and limiting their growth.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Andre_Gunder_Frank|Andre Gunder Frank]], [[w:Immanuel_Wallerstein|Immanuel Wallerstein]] ([[w:World-systems_theory|world-systems theory]])
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Core-periphery dynamics perpetuate inequalities.
** Change requires breaking free from exploitative systems.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for economic determinism and oversimplification of global dynamics.

=== 7. Cultural Lag Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Cultural_lag|Cultural lag theory]] proposes that social change occurs unevenly, with material culture (technology, tools) advancing faster than non-material culture (values, norms), creating a “lag” that causes tension and adaptation.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:William_Fielding_Ogburn|William F. Ogburn]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Technological innovation is a primary driver of change.
** Society must adapt its values and institutions to technological shifts.
* '''Criticisms''': Underestimates the role of intentional cultural shifts and agency.

=== 8. Collective Behavior and Social Movements Theory ===

* '''Overview''': Collective Behavior and [[w:Social_movement_theory|Social Movements Theory]] proposes that social change emerges through collective actions, such as [[w:Protest|protests]], revolutions, or movements, driven by shared grievances or goals.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Neil_Smelser|Neil Smelser]], [[w:Charles_Tilly|Charles Tilly]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Social movements arise from resource mobilization and shared ideologies.
** [[w:Collective_identity|Collective identity]] and leadership play critical roles.
* '''Criticisms''': Focuses heavily on short-term movements, sometimes neglecting broader structural changes.

=== 9. Postmodern Theories ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Postmodern_philosophy|Postmodern Theories]] reject the notion of universal explanations for social change, emphasizing [[w:Pluralism_(political_philosophy)|pluralism]], local narratives, and cultural diversity.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Michel_Foucault|Michel Foucault]], [[w:Jean_Baudrillard|Jean Baudrillard]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Power and knowledge are central to understanding change.
** Social change is fragmented and context specific.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for relativism and lack of practical applications.

=== 10. Environmental Determinism and Ecological Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Environmental_determinism|Environmental Determinism]] and Ecological Theory emphasize the impact of environmental factors, such as climate or geography, on societal structures and change.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Jared_Diamond|Jared Diamond]], [[w:Lester_R._Brown|Lester Brown]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Environmental constraints or crises often drive systemic change.
** [[w:Sustainability|Sustainability]] is critical for future transformation.
* '''Criticisms''': Risks underestimating human agency and innovation.

=== Conclusion ===
Each theory offers a unique lens to understand the dynamics of social change, often complementing others. Effective analyses typically combine multiple theories, recognizing the complexity of social systems and the interplay of economic, cultural, technological, and environmental factors. 

== Influence and Persuasion ==
[[w:Social_influence|Influence]] and [[w:Persuasion|persuasion]] are two powerful forces that shape human interactions and societal progress. While they are closely related, each term carries distinct meanings and implications. ''Influence'' refers to the capacity to affect the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of others, often subtly and indirectly.  

''Persuasion'', on the other hand, involves the deliberate attempt to convince someone to adopt a specific belief, attitude, or course of action. Both can be used for pro-social or anti-social purposes, depending on the intent and [[Moral Reasoning|ethical considerations]] of those wielding them. This course explores these concepts, their strategies, and their potential applications.

Improving social systems demands the skillful application and strategic navigation of various modes of influence and persuasive methods.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Influence and Persuasion]].
# Plan effective use of the modes of influence and the methods of persuasion.
# Beware of influences and persuasions that are detrimental to your work.
## Learn from, adopt, and amplify influences that are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]].
## Avoid, resist, or dispute influences that are not [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. 

== Leverage Points ==
[[w:Twelve_leverage_points|Twelve leverage points]] that are the most effective places to intervene in a system were proposed by [[w:Donella_Meadows|Donella Meadows]], a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]].
## Studying these [[/Leverage Point Examples/|additional leverage point examples]] may also be helpful.
# Identify the leverage points that can be most effective in achieving the improvements you seek.

== Effective Change Strategies and Examples ==
Below is a list of some of the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving positive [[w:Social_change|social change]], along with examples of their successful implementation:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to two prompts: 1) “List and briefly describe the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving effective positive social change. Cite important examples of each. “2)  “Identify the leverage points, selected from the Twelve leverage points identified by Donella Meadows, used in each of the examples.” The responses were then merged and lightly edited 

&lt;/ref&gt;

Understanding these change strategies can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

=== 1. Grassroots Mobilization ===

* '''Description''': Involves engaging local communities to advocate for change from the ground up. This often includes organizing protests, campaigns, or community meetings to build momentum.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|Civil Rights Movement]] in the U.S. used grassroots strategies like the [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] and [[w:Freedom_Riders|Freedom Rides]] to dismantle segregation.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 12. Constants, [[w:Parameter|parameters]], and numbers (e.g., subsidies, taxes, standards). The Civil Rights Movement's [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] changed public transportation revenues (a parameter) and applied pressure for desegregation policies.

=== 2. Advocacy and Lobbying ===
[[File:P051702-149695.jpg|thumb|Gay couple with a child.]]
* '''Description''': Involves influencing policymakers and stakeholders to enact legislative or policy changes. Advocacy campaigns often include [[w:Petition|petitions]], public awareness drives, [[w:Lobbying|lobbying]], and meetings with officials.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Same-sex_marriage|marriage equality movement]] used lobbying efforts combined with public advocacy, culminating in the [[w:Obergefell_v._Hodges|U.S. Supreme Court’s decision]] to legalize same-sex marriage in 2015.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints) The advocacy for marriage equality influenced laws and institutional rules, fundamentally altering societal incentives and constraints around same-sex relationships.

=== 3. Public Awareness Campaigns ===

* '''Description''': Uses media, art, and storytelling to educate the public and shift cultural attitudes on a specific issue. These campaigns often rely on [[w:Social_media|social media]], television ads, and [[w:Grassroots|grassroots]] outreach.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:It_Gets_Better_Project|It Gets Better]]” campaign helped change public attitudes toward LGBTQ+ youth, offering hope and combating bullying.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 4. The power to add, change, or [[w:Spontaneous_order|self-organize]] system structure. The “It Gets Better” campaign created new networks of support, empowering individuals to challenge existing social norms.

=== 4. Coalition Building ===

* '''Description''': Brings together organizations, communities, and individuals with shared goals to amplify their impact through collaboration.
* '''Example''': The global coalition to ban landmines united [[w:Non-governmental_organization|NGOs]], activists, and governments, resulting in the [[w:Ottawa_Treaty|1997 Mine Ban Treaty]].
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 8. The strength of feedback loops. The global coalition to ban landmines amplified feedback by uniting diverse voices, ensuring mutual reinforcement and greater systemic impact.

=== 5. Nonviolent Direct Action ===
[[File:Marche_sel.jpg|thumb|Gandhi leading the famous 1930 Salt March, a notable example of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance)]]
* '''Description''': [[w:Direct_action|Direct action]] involves peaceful demonstrations, [[w:Sit-in|sit-ins]], or acts of [[w:Civil_disobedience|civil disobedience]] to draw attention to an injustice and pressure change.
* '''Example''': Mahatma Gandhi’s [[w:Salt_March|Salt March]] in 1930 challenged British colonial rule and demonstrated the power of nonviolent resistance.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information.) Gandhi’s Salt March disrupted colonial economic structures and informed the public, empowering collective resistance.

=== 6. Policy Innovation and Pilots ===

* '''Description''': Proposing and testing new policies or solutions on a small scale before broader implementation. This approach demonstrates viability and minimizes risks.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Participatory_budgeting|participatory budgeting movement]], first implemented in Porto Alegre, Brazil, has empowered citizens to decide how municipal funds are allocated.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 9. The gain around driving positive feedback loops. Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, established a feedback loop where citizens’ involvement in budgeting decisions directly benefited their communities, reinforcing trust and participation.

=== 7. Strategic Litigation ===

* '''Description''': Using the legal system to set precedents, challenge unjust laws, or protect rights.
* '''Example''': [[w:Brown_v._Board_of_Education|Brown v. Board of Education]] (1954) ended racial segregation in U.S. public schools and set a legal precedent for civil rights.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints). Example: Brown v. Board of Education changed the legal rules around racial segregation, forcing systemic compliance with new constraints.

=== 8. Education and Capacity Building ===

* '''Description''': Empowering individuals and communities through education, skill-building, and resource access to enable long-term change.
* '''Example''': [[w:Malala_Yousafzai#Continuing_activism|Malala Yousafzai’s activism]] has emphasized the importance of girls' education, leading to increased global investment in gender equality in schools.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy for girls’ education increased awareness and improved access to learning, altering societal priorities.

=== 9. Social Entrepreneurship ===

* '''Description''': Combining business principles with social impact goals to create sustainable solutions to societal problems.
* '''Example''': Organizations like [[w:Toms_Shoes#Philanthropy|TOMS Shoes]] operate on a “[[w:One_for_one|one-for-one]]” model, providing shoes to those in need with every purchase.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). TOMS Shoes introduced a sustainable system that linked consumer behavior directly to social impact, reallocating economic flows.

=== 10. Technology and Digital Activism ===

* '''Description''': Leveraging social media, mobile apps, and other digital tools to mobilize, inform, and organize people for social change.
* '''Example''': The #[[w:MeToo_movement|MeToo movement]] used social media to amplify survivors' voices and demand accountability for sexual harassment and assault.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). The #MeToo movement leveraged social media to democratize access to information, challenging existing power dynamics.

=== 11. Cultural and Artistic Expression ===

* '''Description''': Using art, music, literature, and other cultural mediums to challenge norms, inspire empathy, and promote new ways of thinking.
* '''Example''': [[w:Bob_Dylan#Legacy|Bob Dylan’s protest songs]] became anthems for the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the 1960s.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 2. The mindset or paradigm out of which the system arises. Bob Dylan’s protest songs challenged dominant cultural paradigms, inspiring shifts in societal attitudes toward justice and freedom.

=== 12. Participatory Development ===

* '''Description''': Actively involving local communities in the design and implementation of development projects to ensure they are contextually appropriate and sustainable.
* '''Example''': Farmer-led agricultural programs in sub-Saharan Africa have increased food security by integrating local knowledge and needs.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). Farmer-led agricultural programs realigned resource flows and empowered local communities to influence their development.

=== 13. Private Sector Partnerships ===

* '''Description''': Collaborating with businesses to align profit motives with social good, such as [[w:Corporate_social_responsibility|corporate social responsibility]] (CSR) initiatives.
* '''Example''': [[w:Patagonia,_Inc.#Activism|Patagonia’s environmental campaigns]], including their commitment to sustainable manufacturing, highlight how businesses can drive positive change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 7. The rules and flows of the system. Patagonia’s environmental campaigns introduced rules and practices in business aligned with sustainability, altering market incentives.

=== 14. Systems Thinking and Holistic Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Addressing social issues by tackling underlying systems and interconnections rather than isolated symptoms.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:Housing_First|Housing First]]” model for [[w:Homelessness|homelessness]] focuses on providing stable housing as a foundation for addressing other issues like employment and mental health.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 1. Transcending paradigms. The “Housing First” model transcends traditional paradigms about homelessness by focusing on stability as a prerequisite for addressing other issues.

=== 15. Data and Evidence-Based Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Using research and data to identify problems, test interventions, and scale solutions that work.
* '''Example''': The success of [[w:Microfinance|microfinance]] institutions like [[w:Grameen_Bank|Grameen Bank]] demonstrates how data-driven approaches can alleviate poverty.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 11. Buffer sizes (stabilizing stocks in the system). Microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank increased economic stability for individuals, building resilience into the financial system.

=== 16. Youth Leadership and Mentorship ===

* '''Description''': Empowering young people to take leadership roles and contribute fresh perspectives to social change efforts.
* '''Example''': [[w:Greta_Thunberg#Activism|Greta Thunberg’s climate activism]] galvanized millions of young people to demand action on climate change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 3. The goals of the system. Greta Thunberg’s climate activism shifted public and governmental goals toward prioritizing sustainability and long-term climate action.

By combining these strategies and tailoring them to specific issues, significant and sustainable social change can be achieved. Each example showcases how these methods have successfully addressed pressing global challenges.

By targeting these specific leverage points, each example harnesses the power of systemic intervention, creating ripples of change that are amplified across society.

== Assignment ==

# Study the examples listed above.
# Be clear on [[what you can change and what you cannot]].
# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]] identified by Donella Meadows.
# Identify [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assisters and resisters]].
# Refine [[Improving Social Systems#The Pitch|your pitch]]. Improve your [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]].
# Select the strategies, approaches, and techniques you’ll use to achieve your desired outcome and effect positive social change.
# Identify the communications channels you will use to spread your message. Consider traditional media channels,alternative media, and social media platforms
# Take the actions needed to [[Solving Problems|solve the identified problem]].
# [[q:Perseverance|Persevere]].

== Additional Opportunities ==
Our world faces many [[grand challenges]]. Because ineffective social systems contribute to causing or sustaining many of these challenges, improving social systems can help to address these challenges.

=== Assignment ===

# Study this list of [[grand challenges]].
# Select one to focus on.
## Adopt a [[Global Perspective|global perspective]].
## Ensure you have [[Problem Finding|found the real problem]].
# Identify the [[Attributing Blame|many causes]] that contribute to that challenge.
## Perform a detailed [[Attributing Blame#Cause-Effect Analysis|cause and effect analysis]] of the problem.
## Consider the various contributing causes suggested in this outline of  [[Grand challenges/Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences|Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences]].
# If ineffective social systems are a major contributing cause, then work to improve that social system.

The module on [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|Improving our Social Operating Systems]] suggests additional opportunities for improving social systems. 

== Recommended Reading ==
Students who are interested in learning more about improving social systems may wish to read these books:

*{{Cite book|title=Influence: the psychology of persuasion|last=Cialdini|first=Robert B.|date=20|publisher=Collins|isbn=978-0-06-124189-5|edition=Rev. ed., [Nachdr.]|location=New York, NY}}
*{{Cite book|title=The power principle: influence with honor|last=Lee|first=Blaine|date=1997|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-81058-4|location=New York, NY}}
* {{cite book |last=Snyder |first=Timothy |author-link=w:Timothy_D._Snyder |date=February 28, 2017 |title=On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century |publisher=Crown |pages=128 |isbn=978-0804190114}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=March 10, 2017 |title=The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=414 |isbn=978-8799973903}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=May 29, 2019 |title=Nordic Ideology: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=495 |isbn=978-8799973927}} Nordic Ideology
*	{{cite book |last=Sharp |first=Gene |author-link=w:Gene_Sharp |date=September 4, 2012 |title=From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation |publisher=The New Press |pages=160 |isbn=978-1595588500}}
*	{{cite book |last=Manzi |first=Jim  |author-link=w:Jim_Manzi_(software_entrepreneur) |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Uncontrolled: The Surprising Payoff of Trial-and-Error for Business, Politics, and Society  |publisher=Basic Books |pages=320 |isbn=978-0465023240}}
*	{{cite book |last1=Gehl |first1=Katherine M. |last2=Porter |first2=Michael E. |author-link=w:Michael_Porter |date=June 23, 2020 |title=The Politics Industry: How Political Innovation Can Break Partisan Gridlock and Save Our Democracy  |publisher=Harvard Business Review Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-1633699236}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Bok |first=Derek  |author-link=w:Derek_Bok |date=February 21, 2010 |title=The Politics of Happiness: What Government Can Learn from the New Research on Well-Being |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-0691144894}}
*	{{cite book |last=Reich |first=Robert B. |date=February 20, 2018 |title=The Common Good  |publisher=Knopf |pages=208 |isbn=978-0525520498 |author-link=w:Robert_Reich }}
*	{{cite book |last=Christakis |first=Nicholas A. |author-link=w:Nicholas_Christakis |date=March 26, 2019 |title=Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society |publisher=Little, Brown Spark |pages=441  |isbn=978-0316230032}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Ridley |first=Matt |author-link=w:Matt_Ridley |date=October 25, 2016 |title=The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge |publisher=Harper Perennial |pages=368 |isbn=978-0062296016}} 
*{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared  |author-link=w:Jared_Diamond |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed |publisher=Penguin Books |pages=608 |isbn=978-0143117001}}
I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research.

* {{Cite book|title=The Darwinian trap: the hidden evolutionary forces that explain our world (and threaten our future)|last=Rönn|first=Kristian|date=2024|publisher=Crown Currency|isbn=978-0-593-59406-3|edition=First edition|location=New York}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Applied Wisdom]]


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      <text bytes="36718" sha1="qliey1ta30xaebg3fu2cu561izdvtzz" xml:space="preserve">—Steps Toward a Better World

== Introduction ==
[[File:Improving Social Systems.png|thumb|We can improve the social systems that organize people.]]We are immersed in a web of [[Exploring Social Constructs|socially constructed]] systems that [[Influence and Persuasion|influence, persuade]], and constrain our lives. They are so prevalent that they can [[Exploring Worldviews/What Fish Don’t See|become invisible]] yet many of these [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|social operating systems]] are ineffective or faulty.

This course suggests paths toward improving social systems with a goal of allowing more people to [[Coming Together|come together]] and [[Living Wisely|live more wisely]]. {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}}

[[w:Social_change|Social change]] refers to altering the social order within a society, encompassing modifications in social institutions, social behaviors, or social relationships. At a broader scale, it can lead to significant transformations, either within a society or even the entire society.

Because improving social systems is very difficult, this course begins by exploring what you want to change and why you want to change it, before exploring how to change the system.

== Objectives ==
The objective of this course is to help people improve social systems.

== What do you want? ==
Improving social systems is a demanding task that often requires decades of dedicated effort from a many highly motivated and skilled people. Studying the histories of successful and unsuccessful social movements provides valuable insights and preparation for the challenges ahead. Moreover, it is crucial to clearly describe the benefits of the change and its significance to the broader society. Effective communication and persuasion are essential to engage the diverse group of supporters whose work will be required to carry out this transformation.

=== This Will be Difficult ===
It is useful to study the history of [[w:List_of_social_movements|several social movements]] that have occurred throughout recent history. The histories of abolition, women’s suffrage, and LGBTQ movements are briefly described here to illustrate the magnitude of the efforts, and to identify successful and unsuccessful strategies and tactics.

==== Abolition ====
[[w:Abolitionism|Abolitionism]], or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world.
[[File:UncleTomsCabinCover.jpg|right|thumb|''[[wikipedia:Uncle Tom's Cabin|Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' inflamed public opinion in the North and Britain against the evils of slavery.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom|timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom]] extends from [[w:Slavery_in_antiquity|ancient times]] through the present day. 

The [[w:Code_of_Ur-Nammu|Code of Ur-Nammu]], the oldest surviving law code, written around 2100 – 2050 BCE, includes laws about slaves in Sumerian Mesopotamia. It states that a slave who marries can’t be forced to leave the household, and returning an escaped slave earns two [[w:Shekel|shekels]]. It reveals two major [[w:Social_stratification|social strata]]: free people and slaves.

The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but slavery was later used in its colonies.

Under the actions of [[w:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi#Cultural_legacy|Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], [[w:Slavery#Chattel_slavery|chattel slavery]] has been abolished across Japan since 1590, though other forms of forced labor were used during World War II. The first and only country to self-liberate from slavery was a former French colony, Haiti, because of the Revolution of 1791–1804.

The [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom|British abolitionist movement]] began in the late 18th century, and the 1772 Somersett case established that slavery did not exist in English law. In 1807, the slave trade was made illegal throughout the British Empire, though existing slaves in British colonies were not liberated until the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833.

In the [[w:Abolitionism_in_the_United_States|United States, abolitionism]], was active from the [[w:Colonial_history_of_the_United_States|colonial era]] until the end of the [[w:American_Civil_War|American Civil War]], which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 1865.

Despite the 1865 abolition of slavery in the United States, there is much work still to be done. The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|civil rights movement]] continues to expand the rights provided to blacks. Although this movement was most active from 1954 through 1968, the struggle for equal rights continues today.

==== Women’s Suffrage ====
[[w:Women's_suffrage|Women's suffrage]] – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before [[w:Universal_suffrage|universal suffrage]], in which cases women and men from certain socioeconomic classes or races were still unable to vote. 
[[File:Inez Milholland 1913 two.jpg|thumb|[[w:Inez Milholland|Inez Milholland]] led the procession.]]
The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage|timeline of women’s suffrage]] worldwide extends from 1689 through the present, and is far from complete worldwide. The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_suffrage_in_the_United_States|timeline of women's suffrage in the United States]] begins in the 1780’s. The [[w:Woman_Suffrage_Procession|Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913]] was a significant event in this movement.

Although the [[w:Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_U.S._Constitution|Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] giving women the right to vote was ratified in 1920, it was not until the 1960’s that poll taxes and literacy tests were abolished, racial discrimination in voting was reduced, and poll taxes were eliminated at all levels of government. It was not until 1984 that Mississippi became the last state in the union to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment

The [[w:Timeline_of_women's_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)|timeline of women's legal rights in addition to voting]] is also very long. [[w:Feminist_movement|Feminist movements]], including efforts to pass the [[w:Equal_Rights_Amendment|Equal Rights Amendment]] are on-going.

==== LGBTQ movements ====
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer ([[w:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]]) [[w:LGBTQ_movements|movements]] are social movements that advocate for LGBTQ people in society. These movements have a [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history|long history around the world]]. The [[w:Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States|timeline of LGBTQ history in the United States]] begins as early as 1860 and is still ongoing. The [[w:Stonewall_riots|Stonewall riots]], which occurred June 28, 1969, is widely considered a turning point for gay rights in the United States. 

===== Assignment =====

# Scan this list of [[w:List_of_social_movements|social movements]].
# Identify a few that seem most like what you are planning.
# Study the history of those movements in depth to learn what did and did not work.
# Learn from this history.

=== What Do You Want to Have Happen? ===
Make certain that the changes you are planning are in the direction of [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. Be clear what it is you want to have happen. 

==== Assignment ====

# Read the essay [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|Seeking Real Good]].
# Complete the Wikiversity course [[Moral Reasoning]].
# Read the essay [[Evolving Governments/Good Government|Good Government]]. 
# Carefully consider the question “[[Exploring Existential Concerns/What Ought We Do?|What ought we do]]?”
# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Problem Finding]].
# Answer the three questions: “What do you want?” “What is true?” and “What are you going to do about it?”
# Optionally complete the [[Evolving Governments#Possibilities|Possibilities assignment]] in the [[Evolving Governments]] course. 

=== Why do you want this? ===
Because many people need to remain highly motivated to carry out the required improvements, it is important to be clear with yourself and others why this change is necessary and why it will provide benefits for many people.

==== Assignment ====

# Identify the [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assistors and resistors]] to the proposed changes.
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and several supporting reasons why you want this improvement to happen. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Be persuasive. Include both rational and emotional appeals. These will be used to engage assistors. 
# Write down, as clearly as possible, the main reason, and supporting reasons why others will benefit from this improvement. Use clear, concise, and powerful language. Include both rational and emotional appeals. This will be used to gain a broad base of support.
# Consider who will be opposed to this change, and why they will be opposed. Learn what they have at stake. Understand their actual and potential arguments as deeply and fully as you can. Create counterarguments that appeal both rationally and emotionally. These will be used to mitigate opposition by your resisters.  

=== The Pitch ===
Decide how you will communicate the nature and importance of this improvement to your advocates and your opponents.

==== Assignment ====

# Study successful [[w:Elevator_pitch|elevator pitches]]. 
# Study successful [[w:Slogan|slogans]]. 
# Study [[w:List_of_speeches|influential speeches]] given by [[w:Orator|prominent orators]].
# Study successful [[w:Long-form_journalism|long-form journalism]] articles.
# Write your first-draft elevator pitch, slogans, speech, and long-form journalism articles.
# [[Writing/Requesting Feedback|Request feedback]] on these communications materials from strong supporters, potential supporters, and likely resisters. 
# Improve the [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]. 
# Continue to revise, refine, and improve your communications methods, and materials.

== Theories of Social Change ==
[[w:Social_change|Social change]], the transformation of cultural, social, political, or economic structures over time, is explained by several prevailing theories.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text, responding to the prompt: “What are the prevailing theories of social change?”.&lt;/ref&gt; Each theory highlights different factors and mechanisms driving change, ranging from material conditions to ideas and collective actions. 

Understanding these theories of social change can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

Here are major theories of social change:

=== 1. Evolutionary Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Sociocultural_evolution|Evolutionary theory]] views social change as a gradual and progressive process, often likened to biological evolution. Societies move through stages of development, from simple to complex, as they adapt to their environment.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Auguste_Comte|Auguste Comte]], [[w:Herbert_Spencer|Herbert Spencer]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies evolve from primitive to advanced forms.
** Change is inevitable and continuous.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on linear progress and failure to account for abrupt or regressive changes.
* The Wikiversity courses on [[Evolving Governments]], [[Evolving Money]], and [[Intentional Evolution]] use this strategy.

=== 2. Conflict Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Conflict_theories|Conflict theory]] proposes that social change arises from conflicts between groups with opposing interests, often driven by power and resource inequalities. Change typically occurs through [[w:Revolution|revolution]] or [[w:Reform|reform]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Karl_Marx|Karl Marx]], [[w:Friedrich_Engels|Friedrich Engels]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** [[w:Class_conflict|Class struggle]] (e.g., between the [[w:Bourgeoisie|bourgeoisie]] and [[w:Proletariat|proletariat]]) is a primary driver of change.
** Conflict over resources and power leads to systemic transformation.
* '''Modern Applications''': [[w:Feminist_theoryt|Feminist theory]], [[w:Critical_race_theory|critical race theory]]
* '''Criticisms''': May overemphasize conflict and neglect cooperation as a driver of change.

=== 3. Functionalist Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Structural_functionalism|Functionalist Theory]] social change is seen as a process to restore balance or equilibrium in society when dysfunctions arise. Changes often occur incrementally to maintain stability.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Émile_Durkheim|Émile Durkheim]], [[w:Talcott_Parsons|Talcott Parsons]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Institutions evolve to meet new needs or correct imbalances.
** Social change is adaptive and preserves [[w:Social_order|social order]].
* '''Criticisms''': Tends to ignore power dynamics and conflict as drivers of change.

=== 4. Cyclical Theory ===

* '''Overview''': In [[w:Social_cycle_theory|cyclical theory]] social change is seen as recurring in cycles, often characterized by periods of growth, stability, decline, and renewal. It challenges the notion of linear progress.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Oswald_Spengler|Oswald Spengler]], [[w:Arnold_J._Toynbee|Arnold Toynbee]], [[w:Pitirim_Sorokin|Pitirim Sorokin]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Societies or civilizations rise and fall in predictable patterns.
** Change is not necessarily progressive; regression or collapse is possible.
* '''Criticisms''': Overemphasis on fatalistic cycles; limited predictive power.

=== 5. Modernization Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Modernization_theory|Modernization theory]] proposes that social change occurs as traditional societies adopt modern practices and technologies. It emphasizes the transition from [[w:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] to [[w:Industrial_society|industrial societies]].
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Walt_Rostow|W.W. Rostow]], [[w:Daniel_Lerner|Daniel Lerner]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Economic development and technological advancement drive change.
** Traditional values and practices are replaced by rationality and efficiency.
* '''Criticisms''': Often [[w:Ethnocentrism|ethnocentric]] and dismissive of non-Western developmental paths.

=== 6. Dependency Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Dependency_theory|Dependency theory]] proposes that social change is shaped by the global economic system, where developed nations exploit underdeveloped ones, creating dependency and limiting their growth.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Andre_Gunder_Frank|Andre Gunder Frank]], [[w:Immanuel_Wallerstein|Immanuel Wallerstein]] ([[w:World-systems_theory|world-systems theory]])
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Core-periphery dynamics perpetuate inequalities.
** Change requires breaking free from exploitative systems.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for economic determinism and oversimplification of global dynamics.

=== 7. Cultural Lag Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Cultural_lag|Cultural lag theory]] proposes that social change occurs unevenly, with material culture (technology, tools) advancing faster than non-material culture (values, norms), creating a “lag” that causes tension and adaptation.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:William_Fielding_Ogburn|William F. Ogburn]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Technological innovation is a primary driver of change.
** Society must adapt its values and institutions to technological shifts.
* '''Criticisms''': Underestimates the role of intentional cultural shifts and agency.

=== 8. Collective Behavior and Social Movements Theory ===

* '''Overview''': Collective Behavior and [[w:Social_movement_theory|Social Movements Theory]] proposes that social change emerges through collective actions, such as [[w:Protest|protests]], revolutions, or movements, driven by shared grievances or goals.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Neil_Smelser|Neil Smelser]], [[w:Charles_Tilly|Charles Tilly]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Social movements arise from resource mobilization and shared ideologies.
** [[w:Collective_identity|Collective identity]] and leadership play critical roles.
* '''Criticisms''': Focuses heavily on short-term movements, sometimes neglecting broader structural changes.

=== 9. Postmodern Theories ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Postmodern_philosophy|Postmodern Theories]] reject the notion of universal explanations for social change, emphasizing [[w:Pluralism_(political_philosophy)|pluralism]], local narratives, and cultural diversity.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Michel_Foucault|Michel Foucault]], [[w:Jean_Baudrillard|Jean Baudrillard]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Power and knowledge are central to understanding change.
** Social change is fragmented and context specific.
* '''Criticisms''': Often criticized for relativism and lack of practical applications.

=== 10. Environmental Determinism and Ecological Theory ===

* '''Overview''': [[w:Environmental_determinism|Environmental Determinism]] and Ecological Theory emphasize the impact of environmental factors, such as climate or geography, on societal structures and change.
* '''Key Proponents''': [[w:Jared_Diamond|Jared Diamond]], [[w:Lester_R._Brown|Lester Brown]]
* '''Key Concepts''':
** Environmental constraints or crises often drive systemic change.
** [[w:Sustainability|Sustainability]] is critical for future transformation.
* '''Criticisms''': Risks underestimating human agency and innovation.

=== Conclusion ===
Each theory offers a unique lens to understand the dynamics of social change, often complementing others. Effective analyses typically combine multiple theories, recognizing the complexity of social systems and the interplay of economic, cultural, technological, and environmental factors. 

== Influence and Persuasion ==
[[w:Social_influence|Influence]] and [[w:Persuasion|persuasion]] are two powerful forces that shape human interactions and societal progress. While they are closely related, each term carries distinct meanings and implications. ''Influence'' refers to the capacity to affect the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of others, often subtly and indirectly.  

''Persuasion'', on the other hand, involves the deliberate attempt to convince someone to adopt a specific belief, attitude, or course of action. Both can be used for pro-social or anti-social purposes, depending on the intent and [[Moral Reasoning|ethical considerations]] of those wielding them. This course explores these concepts, their strategies, and their potential applications.

Improving social systems demands the skillful application and strategic navigation of various modes of influence and persuasive methods.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the Wikiversity course on [[Influence and Persuasion]].
# Plan effective use of the modes of influence and the methods of persuasion.
# Beware of influences and persuasions that are detrimental to your work.
## Learn from, adopt, and amplify influences that are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]].
## Avoid, resist, or dispute influences that are not [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good]]. 

== Leverage Points ==
[[w:Twelve_leverage_points|Twelve leverage points]] that are the most effective places to intervene in a system were proposed by [[w:Donella_Meadows|Donella Meadows]], a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth.

=== Assignment ===

# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]].
## Studying these [[/Leverage Point Examples/|additional leverage point examples]] may also be helpful.
# Identify the leverage points that can be most effective in achieving the improvements you seek.

== Effective Change Strategies and Examples ==
Below is a list of some of the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving positive [[w:Social_change|social change]], along with examples of their successful implementation:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to two prompts: 1) “List and briefly describe the most effective strategies, approaches, and techniques for achieving effective positive social change. Cite important examples of each. “2)  “Identify the leverage points, selected from the Twelve leverage points identified by Donella Meadows, used in each of the examples.” The responses were then merged and lightly edited 

&lt;/ref&gt;

Understanding these change strategies can help to develop effective strategies for the work.

=== 1. Grassroots Mobilization ===

* '''Description''': Involves engaging local communities to advocate for change from the ground up. This often includes organizing protests, campaigns, or community meetings to build momentum.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Civil_rights_movement|Civil Rights Movement]] in the U.S. used grassroots strategies like the [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] and [[w:Freedom_Riders|Freedom Rides]] to dismantle segregation.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 12. Constants, [[w:Parameter|parameters]], and numbers (e.g., subsidies, taxes, standards). The Civil Rights Movement's [[w:Montgomery_bus_boycott|Montgomery Bus Boycott]] changed public transportation revenues (a parameter) and applied pressure for desegregation policies.

=== 2. Advocacy and Lobbying ===
[[File:P051702-149695.jpg|thumb|Gay couple with a child.]]
* '''Description''': Involves influencing policymakers and stakeholders to enact legislative or policy changes. Advocacy campaigns often include [[w:Petition|petitions]], public awareness drives, [[w:Lobbying|lobbying]], and meetings with officials.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Same-sex_marriage|marriage equality movement]] used lobbying efforts combined with public advocacy, culminating in the [[w:Obergefell_v._Hodges|U.S. Supreme Court’s decision]] to legalize same-sex marriage in 2015.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints) The advocacy for marriage equality influenced laws and institutional rules, fundamentally altering societal incentives and constraints around same-sex relationships.

=== 3. Public Awareness Campaigns ===

* '''Description''': Uses media, art, and storytelling to educate the public and shift cultural attitudes on a specific issue. These campaigns often rely on [[w:Social_media|social media]], television ads, and [[w:Grassroots|grassroots]] outreach.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:It_Gets_Better_Project|It Gets Better]]” campaign helped change public attitudes toward LGBTQ+ youth, offering hope and combating bullying.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 4. The power to add, change, or [[w:Spontaneous_order|self-organize]] system structure. The “It Gets Better” campaign created new networks of support, empowering individuals to challenge existing social norms.

=== 4. Coalition Building ===

* '''Description''': Brings together organizations, communities, and individuals with shared goals to amplify their impact through collaboration.
* '''Example''': The global coalition to ban landmines united [[w:Non-governmental_organization|NGOs]], activists, and governments, resulting in the [[w:Ottawa_Treaty|1997 Mine Ban Treaty]].
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 8. The strength of feedback loops. The global coalition to ban landmines amplified feedback by uniting diverse voices, ensuring mutual reinforcement and greater systemic impact.

=== 5. Nonviolent Direct Action ===
[[File:Marche_sel.jpg|thumb|Gandhi leading the famous 1930 Salt March, a notable example of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance)]]
* '''Description''': [[w:Direct_action|Direct action]] involves peaceful demonstrations, [[w:Sit-in|sit-ins]], or acts of [[w:Civil_disobedience|civil disobedience]] to draw attention to an injustice and pressure change.
* '''Example''': Mahatma Gandhi’s [[w:Salt_March|Salt March]] in 1930 challenged British colonial rule and demonstrated the power of nonviolent resistance.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information.) Gandhi’s Salt March disrupted colonial economic structures and informed the public, empowering collective resistance.

=== 6. Policy Innovation and Pilots ===

* '''Description''': Proposing and testing new policies or solutions on a small scale before broader implementation. This approach demonstrates viability and minimizes risks.
* '''Example''': The [[w:Participatory_budgeting|participatory budgeting movement]], first implemented in Porto Alegre, Brazil, has empowered citizens to decide how municipal funds are allocated.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 9. The gain around driving positive feedback loops. Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, established a feedback loop where citizens’ involvement in budgeting decisions directly benefited their communities, reinforcing trust and participation.

=== 7. Strategic Litigation ===

* '''Description''': Using the legal system to set precedents, challenge unjust laws, or protect rights.
* '''Example''': [[w:Brown_v._Board_of_Education|Brown v. Board of Education]] (1954) ended racial segregation in U.S. public schools and set a legal precedent for civil rights.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 5. Rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints). Example: Brown v. Board of Education changed the legal rules around racial segregation, forcing systemic compliance with new constraints.

=== 8. Education and Capacity Building ===

* '''Description''': Empowering individuals and communities through education, skill-building, and resource access to enable long-term change.
* '''Example''': [[w:Malala_Yousafzai#Continuing_activism|Malala Yousafzai’s activism]] has emphasized the importance of girls' education, leading to increased global investment in gender equality in schools.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy for girls’ education increased awareness and improved access to learning, altering societal priorities.

=== 9. Social Entrepreneurship ===

* '''Description''': Combining business principles with social impact goals to create sustainable solutions to societal problems.
* '''Example''': Organizations like [[w:Toms_Shoes#Philanthropy|TOMS Shoes]] operate on a “[[w:One_for_one|one-for-one]]” model, providing shoes to those in need with every purchase.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). TOMS Shoes introduced a sustainable system that linked consumer behavior directly to social impact, reallocating economic flows.

=== 10. Technology and Digital Activism ===

* '''Description''': Leveraging social media, mobile apps, and other digital tools to mobilize, inform, and organize people for social change.
* '''Example''': The #[[w:MeToo_movement|MeToo movement]] used social media to amplify survivors' voices and demand accountability for sexual harassment and assault.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 10. The structure of information flows (who does and does not have access to information). The #MeToo movement leveraged social media to democratize access to information, challenging existing power dynamics.

=== 11. Cultural and Artistic Expression ===

* '''Description''': Using art, music, literature, and other cultural mediums to challenge norms, inspire empathy, and promote new ways of thinking.
* '''Example''': [[w:Bob_Dylan#Legacy|Bob Dylan’s protest songs]] became anthems for the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the 1960s.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 2. The mindset or paradigm out of which the system arises. Bob Dylan’s protest songs challenged dominant cultural paradigms, inspiring shifts in societal attitudes toward justice and freedom.

=== 12. Participatory Development ===

* '''Description''': Actively involving local communities in the design and implementation of development projects to ensure they are contextually appropriate and sustainable.
* '''Example''': Farmer-led agricultural programs in sub-Saharan Africa have increased food security by integrating local knowledge and needs.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 6. The structure of the system (e.g., the stock and flow of resources). Farmer-led agricultural programs realigned resource flows and empowered local communities to influence their development.

=== 13. Private Sector Partnerships ===

* '''Description''': Collaborating with businesses to align profit motives with social good, such as [[w:Corporate_social_responsibility|corporate social responsibility]] (CSR) initiatives.
* '''Example''': [[w:Patagonia,_Inc.#Activism|Patagonia’s environmental campaigns]], including their commitment to sustainable manufacturing, highlight how businesses can drive positive change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 7. The rules and flows of the system. Patagonia’s environmental campaigns introduced rules and practices in business aligned with sustainability, altering market incentives.

=== 14. Systems Thinking and Holistic Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Addressing social issues by tackling underlying systems and interconnections rather than isolated symptoms.
* '''Example''': The “[[w:Housing_First|Housing First]]” model for [[w:Homelessness|homelessness]] focuses on providing stable housing as a foundation for addressing other issues like employment and mental health.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 1. Transcending paradigms. The “Housing First” model transcends traditional paradigms about homelessness by focusing on stability as a prerequisite for addressing other issues.

=== 15. Data and Evidence-Based Approaches ===

* '''Description''': Using research and data to identify problems, test interventions, and scale solutions that work.
* '''Example''': The success of [[w:Microfinance|microfinance]] institutions like [[w:Grameen_Bank|Grameen Bank]] demonstrates how data-driven approaches can alleviate poverty.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 11. Buffer sizes (stabilizing stocks in the system). Microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank increased economic stability for individuals, building resilience into the financial system.

=== 16. Youth Leadership and Mentorship ===

* '''Description''': Empowering young people to take leadership roles and contribute fresh perspectives to social change efforts.
* '''Example''': [[w:Greta_Thunberg#Activism|Greta Thunberg’s climate activism]] galvanized millions of young people to demand action on climate change.
* '''Salient Leverage Points''': Leverage Point: 3. The goals of the system. Greta Thunberg’s climate activism shifted public and governmental goals toward prioritizing sustainability and long-term climate action.

By combining these strategies and tailoring them to specific issues, significant and sustainable social change can be achieved. Each example showcases how these methods have successfully addressed pressing global challenges.

By targeting these specific leverage points, each example harnesses the power of systemic intervention, creating ripples of change that are amplified across society.

== Assignment ==

# Study the examples listed above.
# Be clear on [[what you can change and what you cannot]].
# Study the [[w:Twelve_leverage_points|twelve leverage points]] identified by Donella Meadows.
# Identify [[Thinking Tools#Assisters and Resisters|assisters and resisters]].
# Refine [[Improving Social Systems#The Pitch|your pitch]]. Improve your [[w:Rhetoric|rhetoric]].
# Select the strategies, approaches, and techniques you’ll use to achieve your desired outcome and effect positive social change.
# Identify the communications channels you will use to spread your message. Consider traditional media channels,alternative media, and social media platforms
# Take the actions needed to [[Solving Problems|solve the identified problem]].
# [[q:Perseverance|Persevere]].

== Additional Opportunities ==
Our world faces many [[grand challenges]]. Because ineffective social systems contribute to causing or sustaining many of these challenges, improving social systems can help to address these challenges.

=== Assignment ===

# Study this list of [[grand challenges]].
# Select one to focus on.
## Adopt a [[Global Perspective|global perspective]].
## Ensure you have [[Problem Finding|found the real problem]].
# Identify the [[Attributing Blame|many causes]] that contribute to that challenge.
## Perform a detailed [[Attributing Blame#Cause-Effect Analysis|cause and effect analysis]] of the problem.
## Consider the various contributing causes suggested in this outline of  [[Grand challenges/Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences|Causes of Suboptimal Life Experiences]].
# If ineffective social systems are a major contributing cause, then work to improve that social system.

The module on [[Living Wisely/Improving our Social Operating Systems|Improving our Social Operating Systems]] suggests additional opportunities for improving social systems. 

== Recommended Reading ==
Students who are interested in learning more about improving social systems may wish to read these books:

*{{Cite book|title=Influence: the psychology of persuasion|last=Cialdini|first=Robert B.|date=20|publisher=Collins|isbn=978-0-06-124189-5|edition=Rev. ed., [Nachdr.]|location=New York, NY}}
*{{Cite book|title=The power principle: influence with honor|last=Lee|first=Blaine|date=1997|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-81058-4|location=New York, NY}}
* {{cite book |last=Snyder |first=Timothy |author-link=w:Timothy_D._Snyder |date=February 28, 2017 |title=On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century |publisher=Crown |pages=128 |isbn=978-0804190114}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=March 10, 2017 |title=The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=414 |isbn=978-8799973903}}
*	{{cite book |last=Freinacht  |first=Hanzi  |date=May 29, 2019 |title=Nordic Ideology: A Metamodern Guide to Politics |publisher=Metamoderna ApS |pages=495 |isbn=978-8799973927}} Nordic Ideology
*	{{cite book |last=Sharp |first=Gene |author-link=w:Gene_Sharp |date=September 4, 2012 |title=From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation |publisher=The New Press |pages=160 |isbn=978-1595588500}}
*	{{cite book |last=Manzi |first=Jim  |author-link=w:Jim_Manzi_(software_entrepreneur) |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Uncontrolled: The Surprising Payoff of Trial-and-Error for Business, Politics, and Society  |publisher=Basic Books |pages=320 |isbn=978-0465023240}}
*	{{cite book |last1=Gehl |first1=Katherine M. |last2=Porter |first2=Michael E. |author-link=w:Michael_Porter |date=June 23, 2020 |title=The Politics Industry: How Political Innovation Can Break Partisan Gridlock and Save Our Democracy  |publisher=Harvard Business Review Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-1633699236}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Bok |first=Derek  |author-link=w:Derek_Bok |date=February 21, 2010 |title=The Politics of Happiness: What Government Can Learn from the New Research on Well-Being |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=272 |isbn=978-0691144894}}
*	{{cite book |last=Reich |first=Robert B. |date=February 20, 2018 |title=The Common Good  |publisher=Knopf |pages=208 |isbn=978-0525520498 |author-link=w:Robert_Reich }}
*	{{cite book |last=Christakis |first=Nicholas A. |author-link=w:Nicholas_Christakis |date=March 26, 2019 |title=Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society |publisher=Little, Brown Spark |pages=441  |isbn=978-0316230032}} 
*	{{cite book |last=Ridley |first=Matt |author-link=w:Matt_Ridley |date=October 25, 2016 |title=The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge |publisher=Harper Perennial |pages=368 |isbn=978-0062296016}} 
*{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared  |author-link=w:Jared_Diamond |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed |publisher=Penguin Books |pages=608 |isbn=978-0143117001}}
I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research.

* {{Cite book|title=The Darwinian trap: the hidden evolutionary forces that explain our world (and threaten our future)|last=Rönn|first=Kristian|date=2024|publisher=Crown Currency|isbn=978-0-593-59406-3|edition=First edition|location=New York}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Applied Wisdom]]


{{CourseCat}} 
{{Possibilities}}</text>
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|Description=LIB.2B: Shared Libraries (20241231 - 20241230)
|Source={{own|Young1lim}}
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{{Information
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|Source={{own|Young1lim}}
|Date=2024-12-31
|Author=Young W. Lim
|Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}}
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== Licensing ==
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    <title>Migrating to a new email account</title>
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      <text bytes="3505" sha1="pedrswel5xggbzcx9nee4l6jbnpfdh6" xml:space="preserve">Migrating to a new [[w:Email|email]] account requires careful planning to ensure a smooth transition. Here are the recommended steps:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Identify and describe the steps recommended to migrate to a new email account. Address obtaining a new account, notifying contacts of the new account, updating your subscription services to use the new account, effective use of forwarding and auto-response features, and eventually closing out the old account.”

&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1. Obtain a New Email Account'''

* '''Choose a Reliable Provider''': Select an email provider that meets your needs, considering storage capacity, security features, and accessibility.
* '''Create the Account''': Register your new account with a professional and recognizable email address, particularly if used for work or formal communication.
* '''Set Up Security''': Enable [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) and strong passwords to secure your account.

'''2. Notify Contacts of the New Account'''

* '''Identify Key Contacts''': Make a list of important personal, professional, and organizational contacts.
* '''Send a Notification Email''': Use your old email account to inform contacts about your new email address. Include a note asking them to update their records.
* '''Update Your Signature''': Add a note to your old [[w:Signature_block|email signature]] with your new address to reinforce the change during ongoing conversations.

'''3. Update Subscription Services'''

* '''List Subscribed Services''': Check your old account for newsletters, online accounts, and subscriptions tied to it.
* '''Manually Update''': Log in to each service and update your email in the account settings.
* '''Use Password Managers''': If you have many accounts, a [[w:Password_manager|password manager]] can streamline the process by storing login credentials and tracking updates. Entries in your current password manager can provide a list of subscription services that may need to be migrated. 

'''4. Use Forwarding and Auto-Response Features'''

* '''Enable Email Forwarding''': Configure your old account to automatically forward incoming emails to your new account. This ensures you don't miss important messages during the transition.
* '''Set Up an Auto-Responder''': Create an automatic reply in your old account informing senders of your new email address.

'''5. Close Out the Old Account'''

* '''Verify All Updates''': Ensure all critical accounts and services are linked to your new email address.
* '''Download Important Data''': Use the export feature of your old email provider to save important emails, attachments, and contacts.
* '''Monitor Activity''': Keep the old account active for a grace period (e.g., 1-3 months) to catch any overlooked messages or services.
* '''Delete the Account''': Once you're confident the transition is complete, follow the email provider's procedure to close the account permanently.

'''Additional Tips'''

* '''Backup Regularly''': Ensure all important emails and documents are backed up during and after the transition.
* '''Test the Transition''': Send test emails to yourself and trusted contacts to confirm the new account is functioning as expected.
* '''Communicate Early''': Start the process well in advance to give contacts ample time to adjust.

By following these steps, you can efficiently migrate to your new email account with minimal disruption.


[[Category:Life skills]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3524" sha1="l15nzg7vm4jjmocew3ka9270efndnwl" xml:space="preserve">Migrating to a new [[w:Email|email]] account requires careful planning to ensure a smooth transition. Here are the recommended steps:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Identify and describe the steps recommended to migrate to a new email account. Address obtaining a new account, notifying contacts of the new account, updating your subscription services to use the new account, effective use of forwarding and auto-response features, and eventually closing out the old account.”

&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1. Obtain a New Email Account'''

* '''Choose a Reliable Provider''': Select an email provider that meets your needs, considering storage capacity, security features, and accessibility.
* '''Create the Account''': Register your new account with a professional and recognizable email address, particularly if used for work or formal communication.
* '''Set Up Security''': Enable [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) and strong passwords to secure your account.

'''2. Notify Contacts of the New Account'''

* '''Identify Key Contacts''': Make a list of important personal, professional, and organizational contacts.
* '''Send a Notification Email''': Use your old email account to inform contacts about your new email address. Include a note asking them to update their records.
* '''Update Your Signature''': Add a note to your old [[w:Signature_block|email signature]] with your new address to reinforce the change during ongoing conversations.

'''3. Update Subscription Services'''

* '''List Subscribed Services''': Check your old account for newsletters, online accounts, and subscriptions tied to it.
* '''Manually Update''': Log in to each service and update your email in the account settings.
* '''Use Password Managers''': If you have many accounts, a [[w:Password_manager|password manager]] can streamline the process by storing login credentials and tracking updates. Entries in your current password manager can provide a list of subscription services that may need to be migrated. 

'''4. Use Forwarding and Auto-Response Features'''

* '''Enable Email Forwarding''': Configure your old account to automatically forward incoming emails to your new account. This ensures you don't miss important messages during the transition.
* '''Set Up an Auto-Responder''': Create an automatic reply in your old account informing senders of your new email address.

'''5. Close Out the Old Account'''

* '''Verify All Updates''': Ensure all critical accounts and services are linked to your new email address.
* '''Download Important Data''': Use the export feature of your old email provider to save important emails, attachments, and contacts.
* '''Monitor Activity''': Keep the old account active for a grace period (e.g., 1-3 months) to catch any overlooked messages or services.
* '''Delete the Account''': Once you're confident the transition is complete, follow the email provider's procedure to close the account permanently.

'''Additional Tips'''

* '''Backup Regularly''': Ensure all important emails and documents are backed up during and after the transition.
* '''Test the Transition''': Send test emails to yourself and trusted contacts to confirm the new account is functioning as expected.
* '''Communicate Early''': Start the process well in advance to give contacts ample time to adjust.

By following these steps, you can efficiently migrate to your new email account with minimal disruption.


[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Email]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3572" sha1="7cr05hkuz73hvoyi4uyewmvmd2bjmes" xml:space="preserve">Migrating to a new [[w:Email|email]] account requires careful planning to ensure a smooth transition. Here are the recommended steps:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Identify and describe the steps recommended to migrate to a new email account. Address obtaining a new account, notifying contacts of the new account, updating your subscription services to use the new account, effective use of forwarding and auto-response features, and eventually closing out the old account.”

&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1. Obtain a New Email Account'''

* '''Choose a Reliable Provider''': Select an [[/Selecting an email provider/|email provider]] that meets your needs, considering storage capacity, security features, and accessibility.
* '''Create the Account''': Register your new account with a professional and recognizable email address, particularly if used for work or formal communication.
* '''Set Up Security''': Enable [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) and strong passwords to secure your account.

'''2. Notify Contacts of the New Account'''

* '''Identify Key Contacts''': Make a list of important personal, professional, and organizational contacts.
* '''Send a Notification Email''': Use your old email account to inform contacts about your new email address. Include a note asking them to update their records.
* '''Update Your Signature''': Add a note to your old [[w:Signature_block|email signature]] with your new address to reinforce the change during ongoing conversations.

'''3. Update Subscription Services'''

* '''List Subscribed Services''': Check your old account for newsletters, online accounts, and subscriptions tied to it.
* '''Manually Update''': Log in to each service and update your email in the account settings.
* '''Use Password Managers''': If you have many accounts, a [[w:Password_manager|password manager]] can streamline the process by storing login credentials and tracking updates. Entries in your current password manager can provide a list of subscription services that may need to be migrated. 

'''4. Use Forwarding and Auto-Response Features'''

* '''Enable Email Forwarding''': Configure your old account to automatically forward incoming emails to your new account. This ensures you don't miss important messages during the transition.
* '''Set Up an Auto-Responder''': Create an automatic reply in your old account informing senders of your new email address.

'''5. Close Out the Old Account'''

* '''Verify All Updates''': Ensure all critical accounts and services are linked to your new email address.
* '''Download Important Data''': Use the export feature of your old email provider to save important emails, attachments, and contacts.
* '''Monitor Activity''': Keep the old account active for a grace period (e.g., 1-3 months) to catch any overlooked messages or services.
* '''Delete the Account''': Once you're confident the transition is complete, follow the email provider's procedure to close the account permanently.

'''Additional Tips'''

* '''Backup Regularly''': Ensure all important emails and documents are backed up during and after the transition.
* '''Test the Transition''': Send test emails to yourself and trusted contacts to confirm the new account is functioning as expected.
* '''Communicate Early''': Start the process well in advance to give contacts ample time to adjust.

By following these steps, you can efficiently migrate to your new email account with minimal disruption.

{{CourseCat}} 
[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Email]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3656" sha1="jm6h3y7lddg1a0htyc6n3k6i3tfqiit" xml:space="preserve">Migrating to a new [[w:Email|email]] account requires careful planning to ensure a smooth transition. Here are the recommended steps:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Identify and describe the steps recommended to migrate to a new email account. Address obtaining a new account, notifying contacts of the new account, updating your subscription services to use the new account, effective use of forwarding and auto-response features, and eventually closing out the old account.”

&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Migrating to a new email account.png|thumb|Migrating to a new email account]]
'''1. Obtain a New Email Account'''

* '''Choose a Reliable Provider''': Select an [[/Selecting an email provider/|email provider]] that meets your needs, considering storage capacity, security features, and accessibility.
* '''Create the Account''': Register your new account with a professional and recognizable email address, particularly if used for work or formal communication.
* '''Set Up Security''': Enable [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) and strong passwords to secure your account.

'''2. Notify Contacts of the New Account'''

* '''Identify Key Contacts''': Make a list of important personal, professional, and organizational contacts.
* '''Send a Notification Email''': Use your old email account to inform contacts about your new email address. Include a note asking them to update their records.
* '''Update Your Signature''': Add a note to your old [[w:Signature_block|email signature]] with your new address to reinforce the change during ongoing conversations.

'''3. Update Subscription Services'''

* '''List Subscribed Services''': Check your old account for newsletters, online accounts, and subscriptions tied to it.
* '''Manually Update''': Log in to each service and update your email in the account settings.
* '''Use Password Managers''': If you have many accounts, a [[w:Password_manager|password manager]] can streamline the process by storing login credentials and tracking updates. Entries in your current password manager can provide a list of subscription services that may need to be migrated. 

'''4. Use Forwarding and Auto-Response Features'''

* '''Enable Email Forwarding''': Configure your old account to automatically forward incoming emails to your new account. This ensures you don't miss important messages during the transition.
* '''Set Up an Auto-Responder''': Create an automatic reply in your old account informing senders of your new email address.

'''5. Close Out the Old Account'''

* '''Verify All Updates''': Ensure all critical accounts and services are linked to your new email address.
* '''Download Important Data''': Use the export feature of your old email provider to save important emails, attachments, and contacts.
* '''Monitor Activity''': Keep the old account active for a grace period (e.g., 1-3 months) to catch any overlooked messages or services.
* '''Delete the Account''': Once you're confident the transition is complete, follow the email provider's procedure to close the account permanently.

'''Additional Tips'''

* '''Backup Regularly''': Ensure all important emails and documents are backed up during and after the transition.
* '''Test the Transition''': Send test emails to yourself and trusted contacts to confirm the new account is functioning as expected.
* '''Communicate Early''': Start the process well in advance to give contacts ample time to adjust.

By following these steps, you can efficiently migrate to your new email account with minimal disruption.

{{CourseCat}} 
[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Email]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3676" sha1="adb61uqgjbrjl5gv9xhtmxh09evp7m0" xml:space="preserve">Migrating to a new [[w:Email|email]] account requires careful planning to ensure a smooth transition. Here are the recommended steps:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Identify and describe the steps recommended to migrate to a new email account. Address obtaining a new account, notifying contacts of the new account, updating your subscription services to use the new account, effective use of forwarding and auto-response features, and eventually closing out the old account.”

&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Migrating to a new email account.png|thumb|Migrating to a new email account]]
'''1. Obtain a New Email Account'''

* '''Choose a Reliable Provider''': Select an [[/Selecting an email provider/|email provider]] that meets your needs, considering storage capacity, security features, and accessibility.
* '''Create the Account''': Register your new account with a professional and recognizable [[w:Email_address|email address]], particularly if used for work or formal communication.
* '''Set Up Security''': Enable [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA) and strong passwords to secure your account.

'''2. Notify Contacts of the New Account'''

* '''Identify Key Contacts''': Make a list of important personal, professional, and organizational contacts.
* '''Send a Notification Email''': Use your old email account to inform contacts about your new email address. Include a note asking them to update their records.
* '''Update Your Signature''': Add a note to your old [[w:Signature_block|email signature]] with your new address to reinforce the change during ongoing conversations.

'''3. Update Subscription Services'''

* '''List Subscribed Services''': Check your old account for newsletters, online accounts, and subscriptions tied to it.
* '''Manually Update''': Log in to each service and update your email in the account settings.
* '''Use Password Managers''': If you have many accounts, a [[w:Password_manager|password manager]] can streamline the process by storing login credentials and tracking updates. Entries in your current password manager can provide a list of subscription services that may need to be migrated. 

'''4. Use Forwarding and Auto-Response Features'''

* '''Enable Email Forwarding''': Configure your old account to automatically forward incoming emails to your new account. This ensures you don't miss important messages during the transition.
* '''Set Up an Auto-Responder''': Create an automatic reply in your old account informing senders of your new email address.

'''5. Close Out the Old Account'''

* '''Verify All Updates''': Ensure all critical accounts and services are linked to your new email address.
* '''Download Important Data''': Use the export feature of your old email provider to save important emails, attachments, and contacts.
* '''Monitor Activity''': Keep the old account active for a grace period (e.g., 1-3 months) to catch any overlooked messages or services.
* '''Delete the Account''': Once you're confident the transition is complete, follow the email provider's procedure to close the account permanently.

'''Additional Tips'''

* '''Backup Regularly''': Ensure all important emails and documents are backed up during and after the transition.
* '''Test the Transition''': Send test emails to yourself and trusted contacts to confirm the new account is functioning as expected.
* '''Communicate Early''': Start the process well in advance to give contacts ample time to adjust.

By following these steps, you can efficiently migrate to your new email account with minimal disruption.

{{CourseCat}} 
[[Category:Life skills]]
[[Category:Email]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4113" sha1="jiw5fui8ivcdkmyfv97k2mirv3oidlu" xml:space="preserve">Choosing the right [[w:Mailbox_provider|email provider]] is essential to ensure reliability, security, and usability. Here are key guidelines to help you select an email provider:&lt;ref&gt;[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Provide guidelines for selecting an email provider”.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1. Assess Your Needs'''

* '''Personal vs. Professional Use''': Determine whether the account is for personal communication or business purposes. Professional accounts may require custom domain options.
* '''Volume of Use''': Consider how frequently you will use the account and the storage capacity you’ll need.

'''2. Evaluate Security Features'''

* '''Encryption''': Ensure the provider offers end-to-end [[w:Encryption|encryption]] for secure communication.
* '''Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)''': Look for providers that support [[w:Multi-factor_authentication|multi-factor authentication]] (2FA) to add an extra layer of security.
* '''Spam and Malware Protection''': Check if the provider includes robust filtering for [[w:Email_spam|spam]], [[w:Phishing|phishing]] attempts, and [[w:Malware|malware]].

'''3. Consider Storage Options'''

* '''Storage Limits''': Review the storage capacity offered and any limits on attachments or the number of emails.
* '''Expandability''': For heavy users, ensure the provider allows easy upgrades to increase storage if needed.

'''4. Ease of Use'''

* '''Interface Design''': Look for an intuitive and user-friendly interface.
* '''Mobile App Support''': Verify the availability and quality of mobile apps for on-the-go access.
* '''Integration with Other Tools''': Check if the provider integrates seamlessly with calendars, cloud storage, or collaboration tools.

'''5. Reliability and Uptime'''

* '''Reputation''': Research the provider’s track record for reliability and service availability.
* '''Downtime''': Avoid providers known for frequent outages.

'''6. Custom Domain and Branding (For Businesses)'''

* '''Custom Domain Support''': Businesses should choose a provider that allows email addresses using their domain (e.g., yourname@yourbusiness.com).
* '''Branding Options''': Look for the ability to customize email signatures and branding elements.

'''7. Pricing'''

* '''Free vs. Paid Plans''': Compare the features of free plans and paid plans. Free options often have limitations on storage, features, or ads.
* '''Long-Term Costs''': Consider the scalability of pricing as your needs grow, particularly for businesses.

'''8. Data Privacy'''

* '''Privacy Policies''': Review the provider’s privacy policies to understand how your data will be handled.
* '''Jurisdiction''': Be mindful of the country where the provider is based, as local laws may affect data privacy.

'''9. Customer Support'''

* '''Support Channels''': Ensure the provider offers robust support options, including email, chat, or phone support.
* '''Response Time''': Check reviews for customer feedback on response times and issue resolution.

'''10. Popular Providers to Consider'''

* '''[[w:Gmail|Gmail:]]''' Offers excellent integration with Google Workspace, robust security, and a user-friendly interface.
* '''[[w:Microsoft_Outlook|Outlook]]''': Ideal for Microsoft ecosystem users, with strong business-oriented features.
* '''[[w:Proton_Mail|ProtonMail]]''': Known for its privacy and security focus, offering end-to-end encryption.
* '''[[w:Zoho_Corporation|Zoho Mail]]''': Affordable business email with custom domains and productivity tools.
* '''[[w:Yahoo_Mail|Yahoo Mail]]''': Suitable for personal use, with generous storage options.
* '''[[w:Apple_Mail|Apple Mail]] (iCloud)''': A good choice for Apple device users, with seamless ecosystem integration.

This [[w:Comparison_of_webmail_providers|comparison of webmail providers]] and [[w:Comparison_of_email_clients|comparison of email clients]] characterizes many other options you may wish to consider.

By carefully evaluating these factors, you can select an email provider that best suits your needs and preferences.

{{CourseCat}} 
[[Category:Life skills]]

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| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving [1]. The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:

#* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
#* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
#* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
#* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.


===Subheading===


==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
      <sha1>la0113gbwqpcdpq2m43saaytpqome70</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2024-12-31T20:13:51Z</timestamp>
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        <username>OhanaUnited</username>
        <id>18921</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving [1]. The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
# This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
# It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
# It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
# It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.


===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>OhanaUnited</username>
        <id>18921</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="6789" sha1="0hvl4u8qlhxpwh8tzqh6az5n0gpy479" xml:space="preserve">{{Article info
| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving [1]. The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.


===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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        <id>2947833</id>
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| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving [1]. The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.

=== Related Surveys ===
Numerous survey studies on Fog computing focus on resource management, job scheduling, and context-aware scheduling. For example, Ghobaei-Arani et al. [15] presented a survey on resource management techniques in fog computing in the form of taxonomy to highlight cutting-edge methods while also addressing unresolved challenges. The various authors in the cloud-fog area provided the task scheduling review. Their benefits and drawbacks, as well as numerous tools and challenges concerning the scheduling techniques and their limitations, were analyzed by Alizadeh et al. [16]. Islam et al. [6] thoroughly analyze relevant literature on context-aware scheduling in fog computing. Further, Mouradian et al. [17] review fog computing's significant issues and challenges. But, the critical area of mobility research is still in its initial stage, and most of the review papers contain very few documents on mobility-aware task scheduling in the area of fog computing. Therefore, an extensive and comparative study is required in mobility-constrained fog computing. A deep insight into various techniques which can impact the user QoS is necessary to understand mobility-aware fog computing. This motivates us to carry out a comprehensive survey; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed survey. This survey paper thoroughly examines existing scheduling solutions that focus on user mobility. Moreover, various mobility-aware scheduling techniques are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Further, the impact of mobility parameters on various QoS parameters and context-awareness is also analyzed thoroughly.

=== Paper Organization ===
The remainder of this review article is divided into 5 sections: Section 2 discusses mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing. Section 3 presents the review methodology. Section 4 analyzes and summarizes the considered research papers and compares existing mobility-aware scheduling strategies. Section 5 provides the results drawn after critically examining the existing literature on mobility-aware scheduling policies. Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusion.

== Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing ==
Mobile device management compromises the fundamental features of Fog computing because whenever a user moves, the distance between them increases, impacting the QoS. Therefore, to keep the computing fog node close to the associated mobile device, the services or tasks need to be migrated from one fog node to another appropriate fog device. The selection of such appropriate fog nodes in a mobile environment deals with two main processes: Estimation of user mobility patterns: User mobility estimation techniques can be probabilistic and deterministic [18]. In a deterministic method, the source and destination are known beforehand, whereas in a non-deterministic technique, periodic estimation has to be done regarding the user's route. Many authors estimate the route of mobile users by leveraging external services like Open Street Maps (&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.openstreetmap.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;), Google Maps APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://cloud.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt; maps-platform/) [18], logistics maps [19], GPRS Here APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://developer&lt;/nowiki&gt;. here.com/) [20, 21], Lyapunov estimation technique [22]. Specific QoS requirements: The selection of a fog node also depends upon specific quality requirements such as Latency, which many authors are using to select an efficient fog node [18, 10, 9], workload [23, 24], cost [16], etc.

== Review Methodology ==
The review process was conducted considering a review methodology consisting of four phases. The first phase was searching using traditional online database sources based on outlined search keywords. Table 1 lists the

Keywords used to find the relevant research articles to conduct the review in the Fog computing mobility-aware scheduling area. Second Phase: Limit the search of research articles beginning in 2015, and inclusion and exclusion principles are also used to refine research articles that specifically deal with mobility issues in task scheduling. Finally, in the Third Phase, A total of 20 papers are shortlisted for the review process. Further, Table 2 presents the research questions drafted for this study in mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing.


===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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        <id>2947833</id>
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| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving [1]. The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.

=== Related Surveys ===
Numerous survey studies on Fog computing focus on resource management, job scheduling, and context-aware scheduling. For example, Ghobaei-Arani et al. [15] presented a survey on resource management techniques in fog computing in the form of taxonomy to highlight cutting-edge methods while also addressing unresolved challenges. The various authors in the cloud-fog area provided the task scheduling review. Their benefits and drawbacks, as well as numerous tools and challenges concerning the scheduling techniques and their limitations, were analyzed by Alizadeh et al. [16]. Islam et al. [6] thoroughly analyze relevant literature on context-aware scheduling in fog computing. Further, Mouradian et al. [17] review fog computing's significant issues and challenges. But, the critical area of mobility research is still in its initial stage, and most of the review papers contain very few documents on mobility-aware task scheduling in the area of fog computing. Therefore, an extensive and comparative study is required in mobility-constrained fog computing. A deep insight into various techniques which can impact the user QoS is necessary to understand mobility-aware fog computing. This motivates us to carry out a comprehensive survey; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed survey. This survey paper thoroughly examines existing scheduling solutions that focus on user mobility. Moreover, various mobility-aware scheduling techniques are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Further, the impact of mobility parameters on various QoS parameters and context-awareness is also analyzed thoroughly.

=== Paper Organization ===
The remainder of this review article is divided into 5 sections: Section 2 discusses mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing. Section 3 presents the review methodology. Section 4 analyzes and summarizes the considered research papers and compares existing mobility-aware scheduling strategies. Section 5 provides the results drawn after critically examining the existing literature on mobility-aware scheduling policies. Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusion.

== Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing ==
Mobile device management compromises the fundamental features of Fog computing because whenever a user moves, the distance between them increases, impacting the QoS. Therefore, to keep the computing fog node close to the associated mobile device, the services or tasks need to be migrated from one fog node to another appropriate fog device. The selection of such appropriate fog nodes in a mobile environment deals with two main processes: Estimation of user mobility patterns: User mobility estimation techniques can be probabilistic and deterministic [18]. In a deterministic method, the source and destination are known beforehand, whereas in a non-deterministic technique, periodic estimation has to be done regarding the user's route. Many authors estimate the route of mobile users by leveraging external services like Open Street Maps (&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.openstreetmap.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;), Google Maps APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://cloud.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt; maps-platform/) [18], logistics maps [19], GPRS Here APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://developer&lt;/nowiki&gt;. here.com/) [20, 21], Lyapunov estimation technique [22]. Specific QoS requirements: The selection of a fog node also depends upon specific quality requirements such as Latency, which many authors are using to select an efficient fog node [18, 10, 9], workload [23, 24], cost [16], etc.

== Review Methodology ==
The review process was conducted considering a review methodology consisting of four phases. The first phase was searching using traditional online database sources based on outlined search keywords. Table 1 lists the

Keywords used to find the relevant research articles to conduct the review in the Fog computing mobility-aware scheduling area. Second Phase: Limit the search of research articles beginning in 2015, and inclusion and exclusion principles are also used to refine research articles that specifically deal with mobility issues in task scheduling. Finally, in the Third Phase, A total of 20 papers are shortlisted for the review process. Further, Table 2 presents the research questions drafted for this study in mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: List of keywords used in the review process
!Sno
!Keyword
!Description
!Years
|-
|1
|Mobility
|Mobility-aware Fog task scheduling
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015- 2021
|-
|2
|Mobility environment
|Mobility environment in Fog task scheduling
|-
|3
|Mobility factors
|Mobility factors in Fog task scheduling
|-
|4
|Mobility Awareness
|Mobility awareness in Fog task scheduling
|-
|5
|Mobility management
|Mobility management in Fog task scheduling
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 2: List of research questions used to complete the review process
!Q.No
!Research questions
|-
|1
|What scheduling approaches are used in the Fog computing environment to manage mobility awareness?
|-
|2
|What are the main limitations considered for mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|3
|Which case studies are applied to mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|4
|What evaluation tools are used to assess mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|5
|What performance indicators are utilized to evaluate mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|6
|What are the major open issues concerns in the field of mobility-aware scheduling for future research directions?
|}

===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2693935</id>
      <parentid>2693934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T20:47:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Silver Dovelet</username>
        <id>2947833</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added first reference</comment>
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      <text bytes="12684" sha1="mbxy6g66zm7rvc0nur5uaf2y8jp8rak" xml:space="preserve">{{Article info
| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Abdullah|first=Fatima|last2=Kimovski|first2=Dragi|last3=Prodan|first3=Radu|last4=Munir|first4=Kashif|date=2021-06-11|title=Handover authentication latency reduction using mobile edge computing and mobility patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-021-00969-z|journal=Computing|volume=103|issue=11|pages=2667–2686|doi=10.1007/s00607-021-00969-z|issn=0010-485X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.

=== Related Surveys ===
Numerous survey studies on Fog computing focus on resource management, job scheduling, and context-aware scheduling. For example, Ghobaei-Arani et al. [15] presented a survey on resource management techniques in fog computing in the form of taxonomy to highlight cutting-edge methods while also addressing unresolved challenges. The various authors in the cloud-fog area provided the task scheduling review. Their benefits and drawbacks, as well as numerous tools and challenges concerning the scheduling techniques and their limitations, were analyzed by Alizadeh et al. [16]. Islam et al. [6] thoroughly analyze relevant literature on context-aware scheduling in fog computing. Further, Mouradian et al. [17] review fog computing's significant issues and challenges. But, the critical area of mobility research is still in its initial stage, and most of the review papers contain very few documents on mobility-aware task scheduling in the area of fog computing. Therefore, an extensive and comparative study is required in mobility-constrained fog computing. A deep insight into various techniques which can impact the user QoS is necessary to understand mobility-aware fog computing. This motivates us to carry out a comprehensive survey; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed survey. This survey paper thoroughly examines existing scheduling solutions that focus on user mobility. Moreover, various mobility-aware scheduling techniques are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Further, the impact of mobility parameters on various QoS parameters and context-awareness is also analyzed thoroughly.

=== Paper Organization ===
The remainder of this review article is divided into 5 sections: Section 2 discusses mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing. Section 3 presents the review methodology. Section 4 analyzes and summarizes the considered research papers and compares existing mobility-aware scheduling strategies. Section 5 provides the results drawn after critically examining the existing literature on mobility-aware scheduling policies. Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusion.

== Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing ==
Mobile device management compromises the fundamental features of Fog computing because whenever a user moves, the distance between them increases, impacting the QoS. Therefore, to keep the computing fog node close to the associated mobile device, the services or tasks need to be migrated from one fog node to another appropriate fog device. The selection of such appropriate fog nodes in a mobile environment deals with two main processes: Estimation of user mobility patterns: User mobility estimation techniques can be probabilistic and deterministic [18]. In a deterministic method, the source and destination are known beforehand, whereas in a non-deterministic technique, periodic estimation has to be done regarding the user's route. Many authors estimate the route of mobile users by leveraging external services like Open Street Maps (&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.openstreetmap.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;), Google Maps APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://cloud.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt; maps-platform/) [18], logistics maps [19], GPRS Here APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://developer&lt;/nowiki&gt;. here.com/) [20, 21], Lyapunov estimation technique [22]. Specific QoS requirements: The selection of a fog node also depends upon specific quality requirements such as Latency, which many authors are using to select an efficient fog node [18, 10, 9], workload [23, 24], cost [16], etc.

== Review Methodology ==
The review process was conducted considering a review methodology consisting of four phases. The first phase was searching using traditional online database sources based on outlined search keywords. Table 1 lists the

Keywords used to find the relevant research articles to conduct the review in the Fog computing mobility-aware scheduling area. Second Phase: Limit the search of research articles beginning in 2015, and inclusion and exclusion principles are also used to refine research articles that specifically deal with mobility issues in task scheduling. Finally, in the Third Phase, A total of 20 papers are shortlisted for the review process. Further, Table 2 presents the research questions drafted for this study in mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: List of keywords used in the review process
!Sno
!Keyword
!Description
!Years
|-
|1
|Mobility
|Mobility-aware Fog task scheduling
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015- 2021
|-
|2
|Mobility environment
|Mobility environment in Fog task scheduling
|-
|3
|Mobility factors
|Mobility factors in Fog task scheduling
|-
|4
|Mobility Awareness
|Mobility awareness in Fog task scheduling
|-
|5
|Mobility management
|Mobility management in Fog task scheduling
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 2: List of research questions used to complete the review process
!Q.No
!Research questions
|-
|1
|What scheduling approaches are used in the Fog computing environment to manage mobility awareness?
|-
|2
|What are the main limitations considered for mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|3
|Which case studies are applied to mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|4
|What evaluation tools are used to assess mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|5
|What performance indicators are utilized to evaluate mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|6
|What are the major open issues concerns in the field of mobility-aware scheduling for future research directions?
|}

===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
      <sha1>mbxy6g66zm7rvc0nur5uaf2y8jp8rak</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2693936</id>
      <parentid>2693935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T21:03:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Silver Dovelet</username>
        <id>2947833</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added figure 1</comment>
      <origin>2693936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12604" sha1="nc1adku66ne7ebq8e9o6hijwd2kxjar" xml:space="preserve">{{Article info
| journal = WikiJournal of Science
| last1 = Islam
| orcid1 = 0000-0001-5750-1058
| first1 = Mir Salim Ul
| last2 = Kumar
| orcid2 = 0000-0003-3279-5111
| first2 = Ashok
| affiliation2 = Department of Computer Application, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| et_al = 
| affiliation1 = Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| correspondence1 = mir.salim27@gmail.com
| affiliations = 
| keywords = Fog computing, Mobility-aware, Scheduling, Resource Management, Resource Allocation
| license = CC BY 4.0
| abstract = The increasing focus on Fog-IoT results in billions of Internet-connected devices that demand substantial computational power and network bandwidth. These devices are geographically distributed, heterogeneous, computational capacity constrained, inconsistent in behaviour, and generally mobile. Therefore, providing seamless service, irrespective of location and movement of the devices as well as the end-users, makes resource scheduling a significant challenge in the Fog computing paradigm. Several mobility-aware scheduling strategies have been proposed in the literature to efficiently manage the resources for mobile users and devices in the Fog environment. This paper gives a survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment. It describes the many strategies presented and their benefits and drawbacks. It also includes a complete study and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field. Further, it delineates open issues and challenges. This work will provide researchers with future research directions and aid them in recognizing the gaps before planning for further research in mobility-aware scheduling.
}}

== Introduction ==

With the advancement in technology and the exponential growth of mobile devices, network traffic has increased manifold in cloud computing. Due to this reason, Latency reduction and faster processing of data for mobile users have become critical challenges in providing seamless connectivity and minimal disruption while the user is moving.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Abdullah|first=Fatima|last2=Kimovski|first2=Dragi|last3=Prodan|first3=Radu|last4=Munir|first4=Kashif|date=2021-06-11|title=Handover authentication latency reduction using mobile edge computing and mobility patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-021-00969-z|journal=Computing|volume=103|issue=11|pages=2667–2686|doi=10.1007/s00607-021-00969-z|issn=0010-485X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The data movement brings the additional issue of integrity and confidentiality because data is moving via a wireless connection to a far distant cloud. Additionally, due to the cloud's location is far from mobile users, so data movement is also affected by variable network strength and phone bandwidth. The solution proposed by [2] is to extend cloud capabilities through fog computing architecture. The Fog architecture allows substantial computation, storage, and processing using the Fog devices installed close to the user’s access point. Fog computing, therefore, reduces Latency and bandwidth consumption, improves security, provides context awareness, and renders more efficient services to mobile users [3, 4, 5]. 
[[File:Fog Computing Figure 1.jpg|left|thumb|Figure 1: Mobility Scenario in Fog Computing]]
However, mobility also imposes severe challenges for Fog computing due to its distributed and diverse environment. Mobility is recognized by either user-level or device-level contextual information [6]. As the user moves from one location to another, the geographical location of the smart devices also changes. The change in location of the devices raises the issue of searching and rescheduling with mobility management. Efficient re-scheduling requires a well-planned handoff mechanism that is accountable for smoothly de-registering a sensor node from a source access point where the application was initially hosted and registering it to a new access point. Figure 1 depicts these mentioned problems of change in access points while the user moves from one area to another. The services may also get interrupted when there is more distance between the Fog nodes and users [7]. Further, any disruption in communication may lead to an increase in Latency for mobile users [8].

The significant challenges in mobility management of Fog computing are: (i) ''Fog node discovery''- due to the heterogeneous and mobile nature of the smart mobile devices, the Fog task scheduler faces the issue of finding an optimal Fog node for scheduling the task, ''(ii) Handover mechanism between users and Fog nodes''- imagine a Fog user is moving from location to location and accessing information about his surroundings with the help of a smart device. Due to the frequent change in the user's location, the Fog scheduler may need to repeatedly migrate the user’s task to a different Fog node available in his vicinity. The frequent migration of tasks increases the overhead of scheduling and, further, the restricted signal strength in certain places may lead to a breakdown of task or result delivery, and (iii) ''the Handover mechanism between Cloud and Fog''- Fog nodes have limited capacities and need to continuously communicate with Cloud computing for passing information about the tasks [9]. Due to strict requirements for security, Latency, network coverage, and reliability, It becomes challenging to implement an efficient handover mechanism for full mobility support in critical domains such as healthcare [10, 11, 12] and vehicular systems [13, 14]. Thus, mobility significantly impacts the overhead of scheduling policies and the applications' performance, eventually affecting the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing has observed strong attention from researchers. Our main goal is to provide a detailed review of mobility-aware scheduling in fog computing. The review provides a detailed analysis of existing scheduling strategies that concentrate specifically on mobility awareness in the Fog environment. The following are the main contributions of this paper:
* This paper presents a detailed survey of mobility-aware scheduling in the Fog computing environment.
* It provides the details of the different techniques proposed, as well as their advantages and limitations.
* It provides a detailed analysis and taxonomy of the mobility-aware scheduling field.
* It identifies several open challenges for future research directions.

=== Related Surveys ===
Numerous survey studies on Fog computing focus on resource management, job scheduling, and context-aware scheduling. For example, Ghobaei-Arani et al. [15] presented a survey on resource management techniques in fog computing in the form of taxonomy to highlight cutting-edge methods while also addressing unresolved challenges. The various authors in the cloud-fog area provided the task scheduling review. Their benefits and drawbacks, as well as numerous tools and challenges concerning the scheduling techniques and their limitations, were analyzed by Alizadeh et al. [16]. Islam et al. [6] thoroughly analyze relevant literature on context-aware scheduling in fog computing. Further, Mouradian et al. [17] review fog computing's significant issues and challenges. But, the critical area of mobility research is still in its initial stage, and most of the review papers contain very few documents on mobility-aware task scheduling in the area of fog computing. Therefore, an extensive and comparative study is required in mobility-constrained fog computing. A deep insight into various techniques which can impact the user QoS is necessary to understand mobility-aware fog computing. This motivates us to carry out a comprehensive survey; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed survey. This survey paper thoroughly examines existing scheduling solutions that focus on user mobility. Moreover, various mobility-aware scheduling techniques are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Further, the impact of mobility parameters on various QoS parameters and context-awareness is also analyzed thoroughly.

=== Paper Organization ===
The remainder of this review article is divided into 5 sections: Section 2 discusses mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing. Section 3 presents the review methodology. Section 4 analyzes and summarizes the considered research papers and compares existing mobility-aware scheduling strategies. Section 5 provides the results drawn after critically examining the existing literature on mobility-aware scheduling policies. Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusion.

== Mobility-aware Scheduling in Fog Computing ==
Mobile device management compromises the fundamental features of Fog computing because whenever a user moves, the distance between them increases, impacting the QoS. Therefore, to keep the computing fog node close to the associated mobile device, the services or tasks need to be migrated from one fog node to another appropriate fog device. The selection of such appropriate fog nodes in a mobile environment deals with two main processes: Estimation of user mobility patterns: User mobility estimation techniques can be probabilistic and deterministic [18]. In a deterministic method, the source and destination are known beforehand, whereas in a non-deterministic technique, periodic estimation has to be done regarding the user's route. Many authors estimate the route of mobile users by leveraging external services like Open Street Maps (&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.openstreetmap.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;), Google Maps APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://cloud.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt; maps-platform/) [18], logistics maps [19], GPRS Here APIs (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://developer&lt;/nowiki&gt;. here.com/) [20, 21], Lyapunov estimation technique [22]. Specific QoS requirements: The selection of a fog node also depends upon specific quality requirements such as Latency, which many authors are using to select an efficient fog node [18, 10, 9], workload [23, 24], cost [16], etc.

== Review Methodology ==
The review process was conducted considering a review methodology consisting of four phases. The first phase was searching using traditional online database sources based on outlined search keywords. Table 1 lists the

Keywords used to find the relevant research articles to conduct the review in the Fog computing mobility-aware scheduling area. Second Phase: Limit the search of research articles beginning in 2015, and inclusion and exclusion principles are also used to refine research articles that specifically deal with mobility issues in task scheduling. Finally, in the Third Phase, A total of 20 papers are shortlisted for the review process. Further, Table 2 presents the research questions drafted for this study in mobility-aware scheduling in Fog computing.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: List of keywords used in the review process
!Sno
!Keyword
!Description
!Years
|-
|1
|Mobility
|Mobility-aware Fog task scheduling
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015- 2021
|-
|2
|Mobility environment
|Mobility environment in Fog task scheduling
|-
|3
|Mobility factors
|Mobility factors in Fog task scheduling
|-
|4
|Mobility Awareness
|Mobility awareness in Fog task scheduling
|-
|5
|Mobility management
|Mobility management in Fog task scheduling
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 2: List of research questions used to complete the review process
!Q.No
!Research questions
|-
|1
|What scheduling approaches are used in the Fog computing environment to manage mobility awareness?
|-
|2
|What are the main limitations considered for mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|3
|Which case studies are applied to mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|4
|What evaluation tools are used to assess mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|5
|What performance indicators are utilized to evaluate mobility-aware scheduling techniques?
|-
|6
|What are the major open issues concerns in the field of mobility-aware scheduling for future research directions?
|}

===Subheading===

==Second Heading==


==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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|Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}}
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== Licensing ==
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      <comment>New resource with &quot;Welcome to my userpage, my name is Williams, message me ([[User talk:Raph Williams65|here]])&quot;</comment>
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