Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.2 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 1597 348293 341517 2024-11-13T08:11:40Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ymmydcosoylagh|yn ellan 'syn Oarpey|y çheer neuchroghagh t'er enney fo'n ennym cheddin|Pobblaght Nerin}} [[Coadan:Ireland from space edit.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Jalloo feer-ghaait er Nerin, jeant ec [[NASA]] er 4 J. Geuree, lesh y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]] da'n sheear as [[Mooir Vannin]] da'n shiar]] [[Coadan:IRL Europe location.png|250px|thumb|right|Soiaghey Nerin 'syn Oarpey]] Ta '''Nerin''' ({{lang-ga|Éire}}, {{lang-en|Ireland}}, [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Ullanish]]: ''Airlann'') yn [[Rolley ellanyn 'syn Oarpey rere eaghtyr|trass ellan smoo]] 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] as ny [[Rolley ellanyn rere eaghtyr|feedoo ellan smoo]] 'sy [[Yn Chruinney|Chruinney]].<ref name='unep'>{{cite web|url=http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm|title=Islands by Area|date=1998-02-18|work=UN System-Wide Earthwatch|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|accessdate=30-08-2008|language=Baarle|archivedate=2015-12-01|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm}}</ref> T'ee ny soie ayns sheear hwoaie ny [[Yn Oarpey|h-Oarpey]] as t'ee cruinnit lesh keeadyn dy ellanyn as ellaneenyn. Ta'n [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] soit da'n shiar as ish scarrit veih Nerin liorish [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta [[Pobblaght Nerin]] coodaghey 5/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. Ta [[Nerin Hwoaie]], cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], coodaghey'n chooid elley, as t'ee ny soie ayns shiar hwoaie yn ellan. Ta'n ellan jeant seose jeh cruink as sleityn injil ta cruinnlaghey strah rea lheeadagh as ta awinyn yn-shiaulley sheeyney stiagh çheu sthie. Ta glasseraght rank 'syn ellan - troar jeh'n speyr faarkagh vog ayn. Va çheshvean yn ellan coodit liorish keylljyn gloo derrey ny 1600yn agh jiu t'ee ny h-ard smoo jee-cheyllit 'syn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |title=Book of Migrations: Some Passages in Ireland |publisher=Verso |year=1997 |location=Lunnin |pages=100 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M7PixoY16fkC&pg=PA100 |isbn=1-85984-186-4 }}</ref> Ta shey [[sheeintagh|sheeintee]] ghooghyssagh as feed ayns Nerin. Ta'n [[shynnagh ruy]], yn [[arkan sonney]], as y [[broc]] so-akin dy mennick, agh ta'n [[mwaagh slieau|mwaagh Yernagh]], y [[feeaih ruy]] as [[kayt ny miljyn|kiyt ny miljyn]] ry-gheddyn chammah. T'eh oolit dy vel 6.2 millioonyn dy 'leih ayns Nerin. Ta beggan ny sloo na 4.5 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayns Pobblaght Nerin as ta beggan ny sloo na 1.8 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="2008population">V'eh er ooley 'sy vlein 2008 dy row 4,422,100 cummaltee ayns Pobblaght Nerin as 'sy vlein cheddin va 1,775,000 cummaltee ayns Nerin Hwoaie. 'Sy vlein 2009 v'eh oolit dy row 4,459,300 cummaltee ayns Pobblaght Nerin. Cha nel ooley 'sy vlein 2009 da Nerin Hwoaie er ny chur magh dys shoh. Ta ny h-oolaghyn shoh çheet as bingyn staydraaoil reiltyssagh oikoil veih'n daa heer: * {{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/popmig.pdf | title=Population and Migration Estimates | publisher=Central Statistics Office | location=Divlyn | year=2009 }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/population/midyear/mye_report_2008.pdf | title=Population and Migration Estimates Northern Ireland (2008) | author=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency | publisher=Department of Finance and Personnel | location=Beeal Feirshtey | year=2008 | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217112629/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/population/midyear/mye_report_2008.pdf }}</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn shen taishbyney bishaghey mooar ayns sleih-earroo yn ellan veih'n 4.2 millioonyn va cummal ayn ayns ny 1960yn, agh t'eh foddey ny sloo veih'n 8 millioonyn va cummal er yn ellan ayns ny 1840yn leah roish çheet [[Yn Gortey Mooar|y Ghortey Mooar]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/immig/irish2.html|title= Irish-Catholic Immigration to America|date= 2007-05-07|work= Immigration…|publisher= Library of Congress|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref> Ayns ny Mean Eashyn [[Ruegys Normanagh er Nerin|haink ny Normanee]] dys Nerin as fo-yerrey haink jerrey lesh y lhing Normanagh as toshiaght lesh y [[Aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin|chioneys Sostynagh ayns ny 1500yn]]. Ayns ny 1600yn, va corys dy [[Eaghtyrys Protestoonagh|chioneys Sostynagh Protestoonagh]] er ny chummey dys neuvondeish dy chur er y vooar chooid [[Catoleagh Raueagh|Chatoleagh Raueagh]] as Phrotestoonagh yiooldagh, as v'eh sheeynt car ny 1700yn. Ayns 1801, haink Nerin dy ve ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin|Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Rere [[Caggey Seyrsnys Nerin|caggey er son seyrsnys]] 'sy 20-oo eash leah haink y çheer dy ve [[Rheynn magh Nerin|rheynnit]] ayns daa ayrn - [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]]. Haink Steat Seyr Nerin dy ve ny smoo seyr harrish ny jeihaghtyn agh hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Haghyr [[ny Trubbylyn|boirey theayagh ayns veih ny 1960yn jeianagh derrey ny 1990yn]]. Huitt y mooadys dy voiraghyn lurg [[Conaant Jeheiney Caaisht|conaant politickagh]] ayns 1998. Ayns 1973, hie'n daa ayrn jeh'n ellan stiagh 'sy [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh|Voodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] ([[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] jiu). Haghyr [[Yn Teegyr Celtiagh|bishaghey tarmaynagh neusampleyrit]] ayns Pobblaght Nerin veih ny 1990yn meanagh derrey'n [[Geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|gheyre-ghaue argidoil Yernagh ayns 2008-2010]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Alan|last1=Barrett|first2=Ide|last2=Kearney|first3=Jean|last3=Goggin|editor1-first=Tim|editor1-last=Callan|title=Quarterly Economic Commentary|work=Research Bulletin|month=Spring|year=2009|publisher=Economic and Social Research Institute|location=Divlyn|url=http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20090429104918/QEC2009Spr_ES.pdf}}</ref> == Shennaghys == {{Ardart|Shennaghys Nerin}} ::''Son shennaghys Nerin veih'n vlein 1921, jeeagh-shiu er [[Shennaghys Phobblaght Nerin]] as [[Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]].'' === Y roie-hennaghys as yn eash vean-eashagh === Va'n chooid smoo dy Nerin coodit lesh rio derrey jerrey ny [[eash rioee|h-eash rioee]] jerrinagh ny smoo na 9,000 bleeantyn er dy henney. Va yrjidyn marrey ny s'inshley ec y traa shen as va Nerin, myrane lesh y nabooys eck y Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh]] as cha row ad nyn ellanyn. Haink sleih [[mean chlaghagh]] car [[Eash ny Claghyn]] gys yn ellan mychione ny bleeaney 8,000 RC as haink yn eirinys ny yei lesh çheet [[yn Eash-Chloaie Noa]] mychione 4,500 derrey 4,000 RC tra va [[keyrrey|kirree]], [[goayr|goair]], [[ollagh]] as [[grine]]yn currit stiagh veih [[lieh-innys ny h-Ibeir]]. Ayns [[Achaidh Chéide]], ta corys rheaymyssagh dy vagheryn, y corys shinney 'sy dowan foddee, freilt fo coodagh dy voaney ayns [[Coontae Vay Eo]] noa-emshiragh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/West/CeideFields/ |title=Céide Fields |author=Heritage Ireland |publisher=Office of Public Works|accessdate=2008-10-23}}</ref> as ta'n corys shen çheet ass y lhing shen, ny beggan ny yei. Ta'n corys shen jeant seose jeh rheynnagyn beggey ta scarrit veih nyn geilley liorish [[boalley cloaie-çhirrym|boallaghyn cloaie-çhirrym]], as va ny magheryn lhiassit er feie shiartanse dy cheeadyn eddyr 3,500 as 3,000 RC. V'ad [[curnagh]] as [[oarn]] ny troaryn smoo scanshoil. Hoshee [[yn Eash Ooha]] – ta meenit liorish ymmyd meain – mychione ny bleeaney 2,500 RC tra va'n çhaghnoaylleeaght caghlaa seihill y phobble car y lhing shen liorish noaidyn lheid as y [[queeyl|wheel]], goaill greienys er [[dow|dew]], [[fidderaght|jannoo fidderaght er eggaghyn feeit]], gimbylagh [[alcoal]], as obbyr-veainey schleioil, cur magh greieyn caggee as greieyn noa, as jesheenaghey airh vraew as cliejeeneydys, lheid as [[jialg broghil|jialgyn broghil]] as [[torc]]yn. [[Coadan:Uragh Stone Circle.jpg|thumb|left|[[Liagchiorcal na h-Iúraigh]], [[liagh-chiarkyl]] [[noa-littagh]] ayns [[Coontae Cherree]]]] Ta'n [[Yn Eash Yiarn|Eash Yiarn]] ayns Nerin kianglt dy tradishoonagh rish sleih t'er enney myr ny ''[[Celtiee]]''. V'eh er credjal dy cadjin dy ren ny Celtiee coloinaghey Nerin ayns straih dy ruegyssyn eddyr y 8-oo as y 1-d cheead-bleeaney RC. V'eh raait, dy ren ny [[Gaeil]], y straih yerrinagh jeh ny Celtiee, rheynn magh yn ellan ayns queig ny ny smoo reeriaghtyn lurg y choloinaghey j'ee oc. Ansherbee, ta ard-schoillaryn jiu cur foayr ayns reartys ta cur trimmid da skeaylley dy chultoor veih ardjyn çheumooie jeh'n ellan as nagh haghyr coloinaghey cahnagh.<ref name="prospectmag">{{cite journal | last = Oppenheimer | first = Stephen | title = Myths of British Ancestry | journal = Prospect Magazine | issue = 127 | date = 2006-10-21 | url = http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2006/10/mythsofbritishancestry/ | accessdate = 2008-11-07 |issn=1359-5024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mascheretti | first1 = Silvia | last2 = Rogatcheva | first2= Margarita | last3 = Gündüz | first3 = Islam | last4 = Fredga |first4= Karl | last5= Searle | first5= Jeremy | title = How Did Pygmy Shrews Colonize Ireland? Clues from a Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Sequences | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society | volume = 270 | issue = 1524 | publisher = Royal Society | location = | date = 2003-08-07 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691416/ | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2003.2406 | accessdate = 2008-11-07 | page = 1593 }}</ref> Ta feddynyn magh lheid as [[Fear Chluain Uí Chaomháin]] taishbynit myr feanish jeh'n reayrtys shen. Ta ny recortyssyn screeuee s'leah er Nerin çheet ass çheer-oaylleeyn classicagh [[Yn seihll Greagagh-Raueagh|Greagagh-Raueagh]]. Ta [[Ptolemy]] ayns yn ''[[Almagest]]'' echey çheet er Nerin myr ''Mikra Brettania'' (''Y Vretyn Veg''), ayns cosoylaght rish yn ellan smoo, va enmyssit ''Megale Brettania'' echey (''Y Vretyn Vooar'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Philip |title=Ireland and the classical world |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2001 |location=Austin, Texas |pages=65 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZSHhfOM-5AEC&pg=PA65 |isbn=0-292-72518-3 }}</ref> Ayns yn obbyr ny s'anmey echey, ''[[Geographia (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'', ta Ptolemy çheet er Nerin myr ''[[Hibernia|Iwernia]]'' as er y Vretyn Vooar myr ''Albion''. Va ny h-enmyn "noa" shen goit ass enmyn dooghyssagh er ny h-ellanyn ec y tra shen. Va ny shenn-enmyn, ayns neu-chosoylaght, crooit roish cur fys dy jeeragh rish sleih ynnydagh.<ref>{{cite book|first=Philip|last=Freeman|title=Ireland and the Classical World|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin|year=2001}}</ref> Ren ny [[Yn Çhenn Raue|Rauee]] ny s'anmey çheet er Nerin lesh yn ennym shen chammah agh ayns y chummey [[Ladjynaghey]], ''[[Hibernia]]'',<ref>{{cite web | title = Hibernia | work = Roman Empire | publisher = United Nations of Roma Victrix | url = http://www.unrv.com/provinces/hibernia.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> ny [[Scotia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Hart |first=John |title=Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation |publisher=J. Duffy and Co. |year=1892 |location=Divlyn |page=725}}</ref> Ta Ptolemy recortyssey shey cleinyn jeig va cummal ayns dagh ayrn dy Nerin 'sy vlein 100 BNJ.<ref>{{cite journal| first1=R | last1=Darcy | first2= William|last2= Flynn| title = Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding|journal=Irish Geography|volume=14|issue=1|date=Mart 2008|pages=49&emdash;69|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a791562641&fulltext=713240928 Informaworld.com|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref> Cha nel eh baghtal cre'n torçh dy chiangley v'ayn eddyr yn Impiraght Raueagh as ny cleinyn ayns Nerin henndeeagh. Ta screeuyn moyllee er çheu mooie er mayrn çheet ass screeuyn Raueagh, er wheesh dy vel coontyssyn dooghyssagh çheet ass [[feeleeaght Yernagh|feeleeaght]] as feayn-skeealleydaght Yernagh. Agh, ta mooarane dy chooinaghyn Raueagh er ny gheddyn ayns Nerin, myr sampleyr ayns [[Sí an Bhrú]].<ref>Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: ''A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds'', pages 35-55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C</ref> Va Nerin ny mestey jeh cleinyn trughanagh agh, goaill toshiaghey 'sy 7-oo cheead-bleeaney BNJ, va sheiltynys dy reeoilaght ashoonagh oltit dy keimagh trooid yn eie jeh [[Ard Ree Nerin]]. Ta lettyraght Yernagh vean-eashagh soilshaghey straih begnagh gyn baarney jeh Ard Reeaghyn ta sheeyney sheear harrish millaghyn dy vleeantyn, agh ta screeuderyn shennaghys noa-emshiragh credjal dy row yn sleim shen cummit 'sy 8-oo cheead-bleeaney dy chur trimmid er staydys ny possanyn politickagh troshtagh as ad croghey bun y reill oc jeeragh stiagh ayns ny traaghyn shenndeeagh.<ref name="DOC">[[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín]], "Ireland, 400–800", ayns Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), ''A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland'', Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234.</ref> V'eh raait dy ren yn Ard Ree reirey ny reeriaghtyn queiggagh va jannoo seose Nerin. Va ree er lheh ec dagh fer jeh ny reeriaghtyn shen agh v'ad fo-viallys da'n Ard Ree ayns ennym er y chooid sloo. Haink yn Ard Ree magh ass ny reeaghyn queiggagh as ren eh reirey [[reeriaght ny Mee]], lesh preeu-valley jesh-chliaghtagh ayns [[Teamhair]]. Cha daink er yn eie dy ve ny feerid agh ayns [[Eash ny Loghlynee#Nerin|Eash ny Loghlynee]] agh cha row ee ny h-eie chohassooagh erbee.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jaski |first=Bart |year=2005 |title=Kings and kingship |editor=Seán Duffy |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia |location=Abingdon and New York |pages=251–254|ref=}}, p.253</ref> Agh va reill ynrican dy leigh ayns Nerin: y corys briwnagh screeuee va enmyssit [[ny Leighyn Briwnagh]], as va reirit ec lught keirdey dy leigh-oaylleeyn va enmyssit ''briwnyn''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ginnell |first=Laurence |authorlink=Laurence Ginnell |title=The Brehon laws: a legal handbook |publisher=T Fisher Unwin |year=1894 |location= |pages=81 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t6wuAAAAIAAJ&vq=%22The%20Brehons%22&pg=PA81 }}</ref> Ta ''[[Recortys Nerin]]'' recortyssey da daink yn Aspick [[Palladius]] gys Nerin er mishoon sushtal 'sy vlein 431 BNJ veih [[Paab Celestine II]] dys ny Yernee dy hushtallaghey, agh tra haink eh gys Nerin va'n pobble "credjal ayns fockle Chreest" hannah<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle=St. Palladius |title=St. Palladius |author=Patrick Francis Moran |accessdate=2010-03-27 }}</ref> Ta'n recortys hene recortyssey dy daink [[Noo Perick]], yn ard-noo Yernagh share er enney, 'sy vlein lurg shen. Ta resoonaght foast ayn er mishoonyn Phalladius as Pherick, agh ta co-choardailys ayn er taghyrt y daa vishoonyn<ref>{{cite book | last = De Paor | first = Liam | title = Saint Patrick's World: The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age | publisher = Four Courts, Dublin | year = 1993 | location = Divlyn | page = 78, 79 | url = | isbn = 1-85182-144-9 }}</ref> as ta shickyrys ayn er tuittym y hradishoon druaiaghtagh shinney noi'n chredjue noa.<ref name="cah">{{cite book |last=Cahill|first=Tim| title= How the Irish Saved Civilization |year=1996|publisher= Anchor Books |isbn= 0385418493}}</ref> Va ny schoillaryn Creestee Yernagh nyn sur-schoillaryn ayns [[Ladjyn]] as Greagish as ayns jeeghtys Creestee. 'Sy chultoor maynaghoil lurg goaill Creestee Nerin, va studeyrys er y Ladjyn as y Ghreagish freilt ayns Nerin car [[Ny Mean Eashyn|ny Mean Eashyn Leah]] ayns neu-chosoylaght rish buill elley 'syn Oarpey, raad haghyr [[ny h-Eashyn Dorraghey]] lurg [[tuittym yn Impiraght Raueagh]].<ref name="cah"/><ref name="Eer">{{cite book |editor=Dowley, Tim, et al.| title=Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity |year=1977|publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. |location= Grand Rapids, Michigan|language= |isbn= 0-8028-3450-7}}</ref> Haghyr blaaghey ayns ny h-ellynyn, lheid as daahghey laue-screeuyn, obbyr-veainey as jallooderys as va tashtee lheid as ''[[Leabhar Cheanannais]]'' troarit, myrane lesh cliejeeneydys ornaidagh as shiartanse dy croshyn cloaie grainnit<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stokes |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Stokes |title=Early Christian art in Ireland |publisher=Chapman and Hall |year=1888 |location=London |pages=9, 87, 117 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=25gTAAAAQAAJ |isbn= }}</ref> ta foast ry-akin er feie'n ellan jiu. Veih'n 9-oo eash, ren straihyn dy ruegyssyn [[Ny Loghlynee|Loghlynagh]] craghey mannishteryn as baljyn Yernagh.<ref>{{citation |last=Ó Corráin |first=Donnchadh |authorlink=Donnchadh Ó Corráin |title=Vikings & Ireland |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/General%20Vikings%20in%20Ireland.pdf |accessdate=2010-03-19 }}</ref> Chur ny ruegyssyn shen lesh taghyrt cadjin dy chraghey as caggey va ry-gheddyn dy dowin ayns Nerin hannah. === Ruegyssyn Normanagh as Sostynagh === {{Ardart|Ruegys Normanagh Nerin|Aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin}} [[Coadan:Trim Castle 6.jpg|thumb|right|Tholtanee [[Caisleáin Bhaile Átha Troim]] veih'n 11-d cheead-bleeaney ayns [[Coontae ny Mee]], y [[Ard-obbrinys Normanagh|cashtal Normanagh]] smoo ayns Nerin.]] Er 1 Boaldyn, 1169, haink turrys-contoyrtys dy reejereeyn [[Bretyn|Bretnagh]]-[[Normanee|Normanagh]] er y çheer ec [[Banú|Cuan an Bhainbh]] ayns [[Coontae Logh Garman]] lesh sheshaght chaggee va jeant seose jeh mygeayrt shey keead dy hidooryn. Va'n turrys stiurit liorish [[Richard de Clare, 2-h Eearley Pembroke|Richard de Clare]], as eh enmyssit ''Strongbow'' ("bow troshtagh") rere y lajerid echey myr sideyr.<ref>{{cite web | last = Chrisafis | first = Angelique | title = Scion of traitors and warlords: why Bush is coy about his Irish links | work = World News | publisher = The Guardian | date = 2005-01-25 | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jan/27/usa.angeliquechrisafis | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Va'n ruegys shen, va taghyrt ec tra cheddin jeh bishaghey Normanagh noa, jeant ec cuirrey [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]], ree Lion. 'Sy vlein 1166, hie Mac Murchada gys Anjou, y Rank lurg caggey lesh [[Tighearnán Ua Ruairc]], veih [[Breifne]], as ren eh shirrey er cooney veih'n [[Impiraght Angevin|ree Angevin]], [[Inry II Hostyn|Inry II]], as eh geearree e reeriaght dy aaghoaill. 'Sy vlein 1171, haink Inry gys Nerin dy yannoo aavriwnys er immeeaght chadjin y hurrys-contoyrtys. V'eh geearree kioneys reeoil dy aachur er y ruegys as eh bishaghey magh veih'n smaght echey. Ren Inry chur kioneys er Strongbow as ny çhiarnyn-caggee Bretnagh-Normanagh reesht, as ren eh cleayney er ny reeaghyn [[Nerin Ghaelgagh|Yernagh]] eh dy ghoaill rish myr ard-hiarn, red va shickyrit ayns [[Conaant Windsor 1175|Conaant Windsor]] 'sy vlein 1175. Va'n ruegys lowit liorish kiarailyn y [[Bulley Paabagh|Vulley Paabagh]] ''[[Laudabiliter]]'', va soilshit magh liorish [[Paab Adrian IV|Adrian IV]] 'sy vlein 1155. Ren y bulley cur creeaght er Inry dy ghoaill greim er Nerin son aa-reaghey argidoil as reiragh [[Yn Agglish Cheltiagh|yn Agglish Yernagh]] as e mestey stiagh 'sy chorys Agglishagh Raueagh dy oaseiraghey. Va aastrughtoorey er ny toshiaghey hannah ec keim agglishagh lurg [[Ard-choyrle Cheanannais]] 'sy vlein 1152. Ta arganys ayn mychione y vulley, agh ta'n varrantoilid echey goit dy mie jiu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ó Clabaigh|first=Colmán N. |year=2005 |title=Papacy |editor=Seán Duffy |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia |location=Abingdon as York Noa |pages=361–362}}, p.361</ref> Hug eh çhiarnys er Nerin gys Inry ayns ennym y phaabaght.<ref name="Curtis 2002 49">{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Edmund|title=A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 |publisher=Routledge|location=York Noa|year=2002|page=49|isbn=0 415 27949 6}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 1172, ren y paab noa, [[Paab Alistair III|Alistair III]], cur creeaght er Inry son yn Agglish Yernagh dy ghoaill stiagh ny smoo lesh yn Agglish Raueagh. V'eh lhiggit da Inry jaghee dy phing 'sy çhiollagh myr contoyrtys bleeanagh dy chur er y phobble. Ta'n jaghee shen, va enmyssit [[pingyn Pheddyr]], foast ry-akin ayns Nerin myr toyrtys arryltagh. Reir garraghyn, ghow Inry lesh yn enmys [[Çhiarn Nerin]] ren Inry bronney er e vac aeg, [[John Lackland]], 'sy vlein 1185. Ren eh cur sheese y steat Yernagh myr [[Çhiarnaght Nerin]]. Tra hooar eiyrtyssagh Inry baasedy doaltattym ayns 1199, ren John eiraghey crooin Hostyn as dreill eh Çhiarnaght Nerin. Harrish y cheead-bleeaney lurg shen, ren leigh Normanagh cur stiagh ayns ynnyd y Leigh Briwnagh as ec jerrey y trass eash jeig yeianagh va corys feudagh Normanagh currit er bun er feie'n chooid smoo dy Nerin liorish ny [[Normanee Yernagh]]. Va buill chummaltit cowrit liorish bunneeaght ny barranaghtyn, ny mannoryn, ny baljyn as toshiaght y chorys coontae noa-emshiragh. Va lhieggan jeh'n [[Yn Çhiart Vooar|Çhiart Vooar]] ([[Çhiart Vooar Nerin]]), soilshit magh 'sy vlein 1216, as eh cur ''Divlyn'' ayns ynnyd ''Lunnin'' as ''yn Agglish Yernagh'' ayns ynnyd ''Agglish Hostyn'', as va [[Parlamaid Nerin]] bunnit 'sy vlein 1297. Ansherbee, veih mean y 14-oo eash, lurg [[Yn Gorley Doo|y Ghorley Doo]], hie buill chummaltit Normanagh ayns Nerin stiagh ayns lhing voalaghey. Ren reileyderyn Normanagh as sleih mullee Yernagh dooghyssagh eddyr-phoosey as haink ny h-ardjyn fo smaght ny Normanee dy ve jeant Gaelgagh. Ayns ayrnyn ennagh, dirree cultoor Yernagh-Normanagh mestit ayn. Myr freggyrt da shen, va [[Slattyssyn Cheeill Chennee]] currit er bun ayns 1367 liorish [[Parlamaid Nerin|y Pharlamaid Yernagh]]. Va ne leighyn shen nyn bossan dy leighyn va cummit dy chur lhiettal er lheie ny Normanee stiagh ayns sheshaght Nerin as ren ad cur feme er y theay Sostynagh ayns Nerin y Vaarle dy loayrt, cliaghtaghyn Sostynagh dy ghoaill rish, as gow rish y leigh Hostynagh.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20080418095229/http://www.nde.state.ne.us/SS/irish/unit_1.html Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish]". Nebraska Department of Education.</ref> Ansherbee, ec jerrey y 15-oo eash va'n kioneys Sostynagh meanagh begnagh immeeit as va cultoor as çhengey Yernagh aanoa, lesh cleanaghyn Normanagh, ayns yn ard-voayl reesht. Agh hannee stiurey fo Crooin Hostyn gyn brishey gyn crampys ayns ard mygeayrt Divlyn as yn ard shen enmyssit [[Yn Phaal|y Phaal]] as fo conaantyn [[Leigh Poyning]] veih'n vlein 1494, va slattys jeh'n Pharlamaid Yernagh fo-viallys da lowal rish [[Parlamaid Hostyn]]. Va reill Sostynagh aaniartit as bishit 'sy 16-oo eash, ansherbee, as ren eh shen leeideil gys [[aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin]]. Va ruegys begnagh slane cooilleenit roish toshiaght y 17-oo eash lurg [[Caggey ny Nuy Bleeaney (Nerin)|Caggey ny Nuy Bleeaney]] as [[Immeeaght ny h-Eearlaghyn]]. Va'n gurneil shen niartit car ny caggaghyn (lheid as [[Caggaghyn ny Tree Reeriaghtyn]] as y [[Caggey Illiamagh ayns Nerin|Caggey Illiamagh]]) as y choloinaghey Sostynagh as Albinagh ([[Plandailyn Nerin]]) 'sy 17-oo eash. T'eh er credjal dy hooar 20,000 sidooryn Yernagh baase car Caggey ny Tree Reeriaghtyn, as t'eh oolit dy hooar 200,000 shivoilee baase myr eiyrtys er cochiangle jeh gonney, scughey, gastid cheylley as paitt car y chaggey. Va 16,000 shivoilee elley prowit as shiaullit myr sleabyn gys [[ny h-Injyn Sheear]]. Ta screeuderyn shennaghys ennagh gooley dy hooar seose gys lieh-chooid dy sleih-earroo Nerin baase myr eiyrtys jeh'n chaggey.<ref>{{cite web | title = The curse of Cromwell | work = A Short History of Ireland | publisher = BBC Northern Ireland | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Ren kestalyn crauee jeh'n 17-oo eash cur rheynn scarreydagh ayns Nerin. Ren ammys crauee feddyn magh y tastid 'sy leigh er y leighaltys da'n Ree as da'n Pharlamaid Yernagh. Lurg goaill rish y Test Act 1673 as lesh barriaght ny forseyn jeh'n reeriaght ghooblit jeh [[Illiam III Hostyn|Illiam]] as [[Moirrey II Hostyn|Moirrey]] harrish ny [[Jamyssaght|Jamyssee]], va lhiettrimys currit er Catolee Raueagh as er Protestoonee Neuchoardailagh anchochredjuagh rish soie myr olteynyn ayns [[Parlamaid Nerin]]. Fo ny [[Leighyn Kerree (Nerin)|leighyn kerree]], va cairyn deiney ny smoo as ny smoo goit ass ny Catolee Raueagh as ny Protestoonee Neuchoardailagh goaill stiagh cairyn da eirys. Va tooilley slattyssyn kerree cooyllagh currit rish ayns ny bleeantyn 1703, 1709 as 1728. Ren eh creaghney corys slane dy chur neuvondeish er Catolee Raueagh as Neuchoardailee Phrotestoonagh, as lhig ny slattyssyn shen lhiasaghey sleih mullee jeh Coardailee Anglicaanagh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery |publisher=University of Minnesota Law School |url=http://library.law.umn.edu/irishlaw/offices.html |accessdate=2009-01-23 }}</ref> Va'n lught reill Anglo-Yernagh shen enmyssit [[Eaghtyrys Protestoonagh]]. === Yn unnaneys rish y Vretyn Vooar === [[Coadan:Hanging.gif|thumb|upright|[[Lieh-chroghey]] deyrit da [[Yernee Unnaneysit]] fo ouyrys]] Ren emshir neuchadjin, myrane lesh çheet [[lheeah (fungys)|lheeah]] praase veih America Hwoaie, cur failleil ny praaseyn er bun. Myr eiyrtys jeh shen, haghyr [[Gonney Nerin (1740-1741)|gonney 'sy vlein 1740]]. T'eh er ooley dy hooar mychione 250,000<ref name="cormac_famine">{{cite book|first=Cormac|last=Ó Gráda|title=The Great Irish Famine|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge |year=1989|page=12|isbn=0 521 55266 4}}</ref> baase (mychione un 'er ayns dagh hoght fer jeh'n phobble) rere y phaitt as yn asslaynt ny lurg. Ren y reiltys Yernagh cur lhiettrimys er assphurtal arroo as va'n çheshaght chaggee freilt ayns nyn marrickyn oc, agh cha ren ad ny smoo na shen.<ref name="cormac_famine"/><ref name="crawford_feast">{{cite|first1=Leslie|last1=Clarkson|first2=Margaret|last2=Crawford|Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500-1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2001|page=274|isbn=0 19 822751 5}}</ref> Ren sleih ooasle as reagheydyssyn jeirk kiarail couyr agh cha row ad jaral cur streeaney er y vaasoilid ny lurg.<ref name="cormac_famine"/><ref name="crawford_feast"/> 'Syn eiyrtys lurg y ghonney, ren bishaghey ayns troarey çhynskylagh as freayney ayns traght cur rish troggalys 'syn ellan. Haghyr mooadaghey mooar ayns earroo yn phobble 'sy lieh jerrinagh jeh'n eash shoh as va [[ard-obbrinys Shorshagh|leggad ard-obbrinagh Horshagh]] Nerin troggit. 'Sy vlein 1782, va [[Leigh Poynings]] mooghit as hug eh shen da Nerin far-heyrsnys slattysagh veih'n Vretyn Vooar da'n chied cheayrt veih tra'n ruegys Normanagh. Ansherbee, va'n kiart freilt ec y reiltys Goaldagh reiltys Nerin dy enmys harrish co-choardail y pharlamaid Yernagh. 'Sy vlein 1798, haink olteynyn jeh'n tradishoon Protestoonagh Neuchoardailagh ([[Presbyteraght|Presbyteyree]] son y chooid smoo) ry-cheiley lesh ny Catolee Raueagh ayns irree magh pobblaghtagh va cur ardsmooinaght da as stiurit ec [[Sheshaght ny Yernee Unnaneysit]] as v'eh yn dean oc steat seyr dy chur er bun ayns Nerin. Dyn y wooise da'n chooney veih'n Rank, va'n [[Irree Magh ny Bleeaney 1798 (Nerin)|irree magh]] currit fo chosh liorish ny reiltyssyn Goaldagh as Yernagh as liorish forseyn kern. 'Sy vlein 1800, hie [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800|Slattys Unnaneys]] trooid ny parlamaidyn Goaldagh as Yernagh, as haink eh stiagh ayns bree er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801. Ren eh unnaneysey [[Reeriaght Nerin]] as [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]] stiagh ayns reeriaght hingil va enmyssit [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin]]. Va shiaulley yn Slattys 'sy Pharlamaid Yernagh jeant liorish y vooar-chooid, agh cha hie eh trooid y Pharlamaid 'sy chied cheayrt ayns 1799. Rere docamadyn jeh'n traa as scrutaghey shendeeagh, hie eh trooid y Pharlamaid lesh cooney sollaghey laueys, lesh cooney argid va kiarit liorish Oik y Çhirveish Folliaghtagh Ghoaldagh, as liorish bronney ooashlidyn, buill as onnoryn son voteyn dy hickyraghey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Alan J. |title=The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782-1992 |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |year=1994 |location=Washington, DC |page=28 |isbn=0-81320-784-3 }}</ref> Lesh shen, haink Nerin dy ve ny cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit heeynt, va reirit dy jeeragh veih'n [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|pharlamaid 'sy Vannishter Heear]] ayns [[Lunnin]]. Va shirveishaght [[lhiass-ree]]oil currit er bun myrane lesh yn Ard-Scrudeyr ec [[Cashtal Ghivlyn]]. [[Coadan:Emigrants Leave Ireland by Henry Doyle 1868.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Emigrants Leave Ireland'' ("Arragheryn Magh Faagail Nerin"), grainney liorish Henry Doyle ta soilshaghey magh yn arraghey magh gys America lurg [[Yn Gortey Mooar (Nerin)|y Ghortey Mooar]] ayns Nerin]] Hooar mychione un villioon Yernee baase 'sy [[Yn Gortey Mooar (Nerin)|Ghortey Mooar]] car ny 1840yn as daag ny smoo na un villioon deiney elley.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Irish Potato Famine | publisher = Digital History | date = 2008-11-07 | url = http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/irish_potato_famine.cfm | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2012-08-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120823030816/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/irish_potato_famine.cfm }}</ref> Rish jerrey ny jeihaght, va lieh-chooid jeh [[sthie-arraghey gys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] çheet ass Nerin. Haink yn arraghey magh dy ve ny chooid ghowin jeh'n aigney as ren y sleih-earroo tuittym gys mean y 20-oo eash. Jeeragh roish y ghortey, va'n coontey-pobble recortyssey 8.2 millioon dy 'leih 'syn ellan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/1841-a-window-on-victorian-britain-475516.html |title=1841: A window on Victorian Britain - This Britain |publisher=[[The Independent]] |date=2006-04-25 |accessdate=2009-04-16 |last=Vallely |first=Paul }}</ref> Agh cha nel earroo yn phobble er roshtyn gys ny h-earrooyn shen veih'n traa shen.<ref>{{cite news | last = Quinn| first = Eamon | title = Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt | work = Europe | publisher = New York Times | date = 2007-08-19 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/world/europe/19ireland.html?ex=1345176000&en=ab2b49203b6fb511&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Huitt earroo yn phobble gys ny 1961 as ayns 2006 ren y coontae jerrinagh ([[Coontae Lheeahtrim]]) y chied irree ayns sleih-earroo veih'n vlein 1841. Dirree eie yn [[ashoonaghys Yernagh]], mastey Catolee Raueagh son y chooid smoo, car y 19-oo as y 20-oo eash. Va [[Daniel O'Connell]] ny ghooinney ard-cheimnagh mastey ny fir jeh'n eie shen. V'eh reiht myr oltey yn pharlamaid son [[Innys (co-heiyderys y Pharlamaid Goaldagh)|Innys]] ayns eiyrtys yindyssagh ga nagh vel eh jargal e hoiag y ghoaill er oyr dy row eh ny [[The Test Act|Chatoleagh Raueagh]]. Ren O'Connell stiurey troddan breeoil va goit ec Ard-Vinishter [[Arthur Wellesley, 1-d Duic Wellington|Duic Wellington]], va ny hidoor as ny steateyr va ruggit ayns Nerin. Ren eh stiurey yn Slattys trooid pharlamaid ny Mannishter Heear, lesh cooney veih'n ard-vinishter ry heet [[Robert Peel]], as ren Wellington geddyn barriaght er [[Shorys IV y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Shorys IV]] y billey dy fo-screeu as dy fockley magh myr leigh. Ren [[Shorys III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ayr Horys]] goll noi plan yn eear-Ard-Vinishter, [[William Pitt the Younger|Pitt the Younger]], e lheid billey dy chur stiagh 'sy pharlamaid lurg yn Unnaneys 'sy vlein 1801 er yn oyr dy row eh credjal dy row eh ayns contraartys rish [[Slattys Coloinaghey 1701]]. Cha row y troddan eiyrtyssagh son mooghey yn Slattys Unnaneysey ec O'Connell raahoil. Ny s'anmey 'sy cheead-blein, ren [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] as fir elley troggal troddan er son hene-reiltys çheu-sthie 'syn Unnaneys, ny "[[Billaghyn Reill Thie Nerin|Reill Thie]]". Va ny h-Unnaneyseyryn, goaill stiagh ad 'sy chooid hwoaie jeh'n ellan er lheh, noi eie yn Reill Thie, er yn oyr dy row ad credjal dy beagh y sorçh reill shen fo kioneys anaaseyn Catoleagh.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = Lunnin | pages = 376–400 | url = | isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Lurg shiartanse dy eabyn billey Reill Thie dy hiaulley trooid y pharlamaid, v'eh begnagh kinjagh dy beagh fer goll trooid y pharlamaid 'sy vlein 1914. Son lhiettrimys dy chur er shen, va [[Arryltee Ulley]] currit er bun 'sy vlein 1913 fo stiurey [[Edward Carson|Çhiarn Carson]]. Va [[Arryltee Nerin]] currit er bun myr eiyrtys er shen 'sy vlein 1914, as y dean oc son y [[Trass Slattys Reill Thie|Billey Reill Thie]] dy hickyraghey as eh goll trooid y pharlamaid. Hie'n Slattys trooid y pharlamaid lesh shaghney "shallidagh" er ny shey coondaeghyn ayns Queiggey Ulley. Ansherbee, roish lowal y Slattys v'eh currit tayrnit magh car y [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|Chaggey Mooar]]. Va Arryltee Yernagh rheynnit ayns daa phossan. Ghow y vooar-chooid, mychione 175,000 dy 'leih, fo [[John Redmond]], yn ennym [[Arryltee Ashoonagh]] as chur ad cooney da cassey Nerin 'sy chaggey. Dreill y vyn-chooid, mychione 13,000 dy 'leih, yn ennym, Arryltee Nerin, as v'ad goll noi cassey Nerin 'sy chaggey.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = London | pages = 478–530| isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Va [[Irree Magh y Chaisht|Irree Magh anraahoil y Chaisht]] 'sy vlein 1916 stiurit liorish y possan shen jerrinagh, as ren y freggyrt Goaldagh, cur gys baase jeh ny fir hoshee, caghlaa yn teaym ashoonagh gys Reill Thie. Hooar y partee currit rish seyrsnys, [[Sinn Féin]], screeuyn-drommey mooarey ayns Ard-Reihys ny bleeaney 1918 as 'sy vlein 1919 va parlamaid as reiltys lhieu hene fogrit magh – [[Pobblaght Nerin (1919-1922)|Pobblaght Nerin]]. Ren ny h-eaghtyryssyn Goaldagh eab y doolane shen dy chur fo chosh, agh haghyr caggey keylley myr eiyrtys veih'n vlein 1919 derrey Jerrey Souree ny bleeaney 1921, as y caggey shen creaghney ayns scuirr caggee.<ref name="autogenerated34">{{cite journal|last=Morough|first=Michael|title=History Review |month=Mee ny Nollick|year=2000 |pages=34–36}}</ref> Va'n [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] creaghnit eddyr y Reiltys Goaldagh as çhaghteryn jeh'n [[Yn Chied Dáil|Chied Dáil]] (Çhionnal Nerin) 'sy vlein 1921. Hug y conaant slane seyrsnys da Nerin ayns cooishyn thie as begnagh slane seyrsnys ayns polasee joarree. Ansherbee, lhisagh da dagh çhaghter Yernagh jean loo ammys da'n Chrooin Ghoaldagh. As va steat reill thie jeant jeh [[Nerin Hwoaie]] çheu sthie jeh [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] noa, agh va olt reih magh eck, olt va jeant jeeragh ny lurg.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = Lunnin | pages = 719–748 |isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Ren arganeyssyn mychione ny kiarailyn rheynn 'sy ghleashaght ashoonagh as haghyr [[Caggey Theayagh Nerin|caggey theayagh]] eddyr y reiltys noa 'sy Steat Seyr as adsyn va goll noi'n chonaant, as ad stiurit liorish [[Éamon de Valera]]. Haink jerrey oikoil lesh y chaggey theayagh ayns Mee Voaldyn 1923 tra ren de Valera fogrey magh oardagh er scuirr-chaggee.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gwynn|first=Stephen|title=Ireland Since the Treaty|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=12|number=2|month=Jerrey Geuree|year=1934|page=322}}</ref> == Reiltys == {{Jeeagh|Shennaghys Nerin|Politickaght Phobblaght Nerin|Deyn-oaylleeaght as politickaght Nerin Hwoaie}} {{Caslys-çheerey jalloo Choondaeghyn Nerin|thumb=yes|position=right|upright=1.5|caption=Caslys-çheerey jeh'n 32 choontae tradishoonagh Nerin. Ta ny 26 coondaeghyn ayns Pobblaght Nerin taishbynit ayns eayney dorraghey, as ta ny 6 coondaeghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie taishbynit ayns eayney gial. {{hide in print|1=Ta dagh fer jeh ny coondaeghyn nyn giangley yn-chriggaragh dys yn art fo'n ennym cheddin.}}}} Ta Nerin rheynnit ayns daa unnidyn politickagh: * [[Pobblaght Nerin]], shickyrit er 21 Jerrey Geuree 1919 as currit er bun dy h-oikoil er 6 Nollick 1922, (''Ireland'' ny ''Éire'' ("Nerin") [[Enmyn steat Nerin|dy h-oikoil]]), steat seyr ta coodaghey 5/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. She [[Divlyn]] e [[preeu-valley]]. * [[Nerin Hwoaie]], currit er bun er 3 Boaldyn 1921, cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ta coodaghey 1/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. She [[Beeal Feirshtey]] e preeu-valley. Dy tradishoonagh, ta Nerin rheynnit stiagh ayns [[Queiggaghyn Nerin|kiare queiggaghyn]]: [[Queiggey Connaghtey]] (sheear), [[Queiggey Lion]] (shiar), [[Queiggey Mooan]] (jiass), as [[Queiggey Ulley]] (twoaie). Rere corys v'er ny lhiassaghey eddyr y 13-oo as y 17-oo eashyn,<ref>{{cite book | last =Crawford | first =John | title =Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556-1578 | publisher =Irish Academic Press | year =1993|isbn=0716524988 }}</ref> ta [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|daa choontae tradishoonagh jeig as feed]] ayns Nerin. Ta shey coondaeghyn as feed jeu nyn soie ayns Pobblaght Nerin as ta [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey coondaeghyn]] nyn soie ayns Nerin Hwoaie. Ta dagh fer jeh ny shey coondaghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie soit ayns Queiggey Ulley myrgeddin (as nuy coondaeghyn 'sy wheiggey 'sy clane). Lesh shen, ta'n ennym ''Ullee'' currit dy mennick er Nerin Hwoaie myr co-cheayllagh, ga nagh vel y daa enmys co-chagliagh. Ayns Pobblaght Nerin, ta ny coondaeghyn jannoo bunneydys da corys gurneilys ynnydagh. Ta ny coondaeghyn [[Coontae Ghivlyn|Divlyn]], [[Coontae Chorkee|Corkee]], [[Coontae Limmeragh|Limmeragh]], [[Coontae ny Galliu|Galliu]], [[Coontae Phurt Largey|Purt Largey]], as [[Coontae Hybbyrt Aarey|Çhybbyrt Aarey]] er nyn rheynn magh ayns unnidyn reiragh ny sloo. Agh, t'ad coontit myr coondaeghyn er son cooishyn cultooragh as cooishyn reiragh ennagh, lheid as shirveishyn postagh as [[Ordnance Survey Ireland]], ansherbee. Cha nel ny coondaeghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie coontit ymmydit er son cooishyn gurneilys reiragh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazetteer.co.uk/section1.htm |title=The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer |publisher=www.gazetteer.co.uk |accessdate=2010-01-23 |language=Baarle |archive-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111105121/http://www.gazetteer.co.uk/section1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> agh, myrane lesh y Phobblaght, ta ny joaraghyn tradishoonagh ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn neu-formoil lheid as leegyn spoyrt as ayns co-hecksyn cultooragh as turrysagh myrane lesh ayns enmyssyn postagh.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/destinationNI/byCounty.aspx|title= NI by County|date=|work=Discover Northern Ireland|publisher= Northern Ireland Tourist Board|accessdate=2010-01-01 | language = Baarle}}</ref> Ta staydys ard-valley ayns Nerin er ny vriwnyssey rere [[kaart reeoil]] ny [[slattyssaght|slattyssagh]]. She [[Divlyn]], lesh ny smoo na 1 villioon dy chummaltee ayns [[Ard Ghivlyn Mooar]],<ref> {{cite book |title=Census 2006 Volume 1 - Population Classified by Area: Tables 7 and 12 |url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_Table_7_and_12.pdf |pages=Table 12, p.139: Alphabetical list of Towns with their population, 2002 and 2006 |format=[[PDF]] |author=Central Statistics Office |date=26 Averil 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-15 |nopp=true}} </ref> yn ard-valley smoo er yn ellan. T'ad ny [[Ard-valjyn ayns Nerin|h-ard-valjyn elley]] na:<ref name="2006population" group="Note">Ta ny h-earrooyn shoh soilshaghey coontey-pobble 2006 da Pobblaght Nerin as ooley-pobble 2006 da Nerin Hwoaie. * {{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/Final%20Principal%20Demographic%20Results%202006.pdf | title=Principal Demographic Results | work=Census 2006 | author=Central Statistics Office | publisher=Stationary Office | location=Divlyn | year=2007 | accessdate=2010-01-11 }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/qtr_report/qtr4_2007.pdf | title=The Registrar General's Quarterly Report | author=Northern Ireland Research and Statistics Agency | publisher=National Statistics | year=2007 | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217132038/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/qtr_report/qtr4_2007.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/Census/Excel/ks_settlements/ks07a_com_st.xls | title=Table KS07a: Religion (Numbers) | publisher=National Research and Statistics Agency | location=Beeal Feirshtey | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217111556/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/Excel/ks_settlements/ks07a_com_st.xls }}</ref> * [[Beeal Feirshtey]] (276,459 cummaltee) * [[Corkee]] (190,384)<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf Census 2006]|4.22&nbsp;MB}}, Reiltys Nerin</ref> * [[Doirrey]] (110,768) * [[Galliu]] (72,700) * [[Lis ny Garvagh]] (71,465) * [[Limmeragh]] (52,539) * [[Yn Euar]] (27,433) * [[Yn Lurgain]] (25,048) * [[Ard Maghey]] (14,590) Foddee [[Keeill Chennee]] (22,179 cummaltee), ee dy chur sheese myr ard-valley rere leigh, ga nagh vel ee ny h-ard-valley dy h-oikoil ny smoo. Ta ny smoo cummaltee ayns baljyn ennagh na t'ayn ayns ny h-ard-valjyn ta currit 'sy rolley heose agh cha nel ad er enney myr ard-valjyn er yn oyr nagh vel kaartyn shendeeagh ny staydys slattyssagh oc. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Queiggey !! Sleih-earroo<ref name="2006population" group="Note"/> !! Eaghtyr(km²)<ref name="areaDensity">{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/statistics/areabyprovince.htm|title=Area by Province|work=Principal Statistics|publisher=Central Statistics Office|location=Corkee|accessdate=2010-01-11|language=Baarle}} <!-- Ta shin er n'gheddyn eaghtyr NH myr eiyrtys jeh leodys eaghtyr PN veih'n clane eaghtyr --/>--></ref>!! Glooaght (d/km²)<ref name="areaDensity" /> !! Ard-valley smoo |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Connaghtey]] || 503,083 || 17,713 || 28 || [[Galliu]] |- | align=left|[[Queiggey Lion]] || 2,292,939 || 19,801 || 100 || [[Divlyn]] |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Mooan]] || 1,172,170 || 24,608 || 48 || [[Corkee]] |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Ulley]] || 2,008,333 || 22,300 || 90 || [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |} === Undinyssyn ooilley-ellanagh === Dyn y wooise da'n rheynn pholitickagh, ta ellan Nerin foast gobbraghey myr un unnid ayns ram magheryn ta goaill harrish bingyn reiltysagh. Ta un chorys [[arraghey|arraghee]], [[çhellinsh]], bree as ushtey ec y daa reiltys. Lesh kuse veg dy limmaghyn ardghooagh, ta'n ellan ny unnid reiragh da reagheydyssyn as sheshaghtyn crauee, cultooragh as spoyrt. Ta un 'wirran eddyrashoonagh ec yn ellan ayns y chooid smoo jeh spoyrtyn, lheid as ayns [[ruggyr]], as ta'n 17-oo Mart er ny chelloorey er feie'n ellan myr feailley tradishoonagh Yernagh [[Laa'l Perrick|Noo Perrick]]. She limmey da'n chorys ooilley-ellanagh t'ayns y [[soccer|toccer]] as daa 'wirran eddyrashoonagh ayn. Ta [[Conaant Veeal Feirshtey]] 1998 cour rish co-obbraghey politickagh eddyr y daa reiltys. Ta'n [[Coonseil Hirveishagh Hwoaie-Yiass|Choonseil Hirveishagh Hwoaie-Yiass]], va currit er bun fo conaantyn y Chonaant, ny h-undinys raad dy vel shirveishee reiltysagh veih'n jiass as veih'n twoaie jargal çheet ry-cheilley dys polaaseyn ooilley-ellanagh dy chur er bun as dy chur ayns focklyn ayns daa "ard co-obbraghey" jeig lheid as eirinys, y çhymmyltaght as arraghey. Ta "bingyn cooilleenaght" ooilley-ellanagh ec shey jeh ny h-ardjyn shen. Myr sampleyr, ta sauçhys bee stiurit ec y [[Food Safety Promotion Board]] as ta [[Tourism Ireland]] geddyn margey da'n ellan er feie. Ta tree parteeghyn politickagh mooarey, [[Sinn Féin]], [[Partee Glass Nerin]] as, er y gherrid, [[Fianna Fáil]] reaghit er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh. Cha nel agh soiagyn ec Sinn Féin ayns y daa reiltys, ansherbee. Dyn y wooise da'n firrinaght dy vel y daa reiltys goaill ymmyd jeh daa [[argid cadjin]] er lheh (yn [[oarey]] as y [[punt Sostynagh]]), ta kuse vooar dy traght gurneilit er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh. Ta olteynys 'syn [[Unnaneys Oarpagh]] lhiggey da shen, dy paartagh. Ta olteynyn veih'n cho-phobble dellal as veih crooderyn polaase geamagh er son "tarmaynys ooilley-ellanagh" er yn oyr dy nod ad goaill vondeishyn ass [[tarmaynyssyn scaailley]] as dys cohirreydaght dy hroggal.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_ndp_submission/ncc061114_ndp_submission_dept_finance_webopt.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-28|url=http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_ndp_submission/ncc061114_ndp_submission_dept_finance_webopt.pdf|year=2006|title=National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007-2013|publisher=National Competitiveness Council|accessdate=2008-11-07}}</ref> Ta'n ellan gobbraghey myr margey singil ayns ard [[lectraghys]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.allislandmarket.com/about/|title= About SEMO|date= |work= allislandmarket.com|publisher= Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO)|accessdate= 2008-10-26|archive-date= 2008-06-20|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080620020544/http://www.allislandmarket.com/about/|url-status= dead}}</ref> as ta claareyn ayn dys margey singil dy chur er bun da [[gas najooragh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/breaking-news/uk-ireland/politics/dup-minister-expresses-support-for-single-gas-market-13442926.html |date=2007-05-18|title=DUP minister expresses support for single gas market|publisher= Belfast Telegraph|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> Ta pohlldey da ventyryssyn shen çheet dy mennick veih'n [[reiltys Yernagh]] as veih parteeghyn politickagh [[Ashoonaghys Yernagh|ashoonagh]] ayns [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/agreement.htm|date=1998-04-10|title=Agreement Reached in the Multi-party Negotiations|publisher=[[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]|accessdate=2008-10-26|archivedate=2008-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820090331/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/agreement.htm}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{Ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght Nerin|Creg-oaylleeaght Nerin}} {{jeeagh|Speyr Nerin}} [[Coadan:Ireland physical large.png|right|thumb|upright=1.5|Troyn fishigagh Nerin]] Ta fainey dy sleityn slystagh cruinnlaghey strahyn rea injil ayns çheshvean yn ellan. She [[Corrán Tuathail]] ({{lang-en|Carrauntoohill}}) ayns [[Coontae Cherree]] y slieau s'yrjey nyn mast'oc, as eh 1,038 m er yrjid.<ref name="OSIFAQS">{{cite web |title =Frequently Asked Questions |work=osi.ie|publisher=[[Ordnance Survey of Ireland]] |url=http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faqs.aspx |accessdate=2009-09-30 }}</ref> Ta'n thalloo smoo traauoil soit ayns Queiggey Lioin.<ref>{{cite book|first=Victor|last=Meally|title=Encyclopaedia of Ireland|publisher=A. Figgis|location=Dublin|year=1968}}</ref> Foddee ardjyn sheear dy ve sleitagh as creggagh lesh reayrtyssyn glassey. Ta [[Yn Çhannon|Awin ny Shannon]], yn awin s'liurey 'syn ellan as ee 386 km er lhiurid, girree ayns [[Coontae yn Chavan]] 'sy neear hwoaie as t'ee roie dys ard-valley [[Limmeragh]] 'sy neear meanagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nature and Scenery | work = Discover Ireland | publisher = Tourism Ireland | url = http://www.discoverireland.com/gb/about-ireland/nature/ | accessdate = 2008-11-09 }}</ref> Rere y ghlasseraght rank er yn ellan, troar jeh'n speyr vog as [[fliaghey]] mennick, ta'n far-ennym "''Ellan Sheear-ghlass Nerin''" currit urree. Ta [[speyr vooiragh]] vog ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin lesh kuse veg dy feeganyn. Ta'n speyr ny speyr ellanagh as [[sonderaght|honderagh]] dy cadjin as t'ee scapail veih ny çhiassidyn geyrey ta ry-gheddyn er dowan-lheeadyn cheddin elley er feie ny Cruinney.<ref name="MEclimate">{{cite web | title =Climate of Ireland | work = Climate | publisher = Met Éireann | url =http://www.met.ie/climate/climate-of-ireland.asp | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> T'eh shen ny eiyrtys jeh ny geayaghyn fliughey tempreilagh ta baardaghey veih sheear yiass y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. Ta frassaghey tuittym car ny bleeaney agh t'eh eddrym son y chooid smoo, 'sy niar er lheh. Ta'n neear ny s'fliaghey dy meanagh as eh crommey hug sterrymyn ass y Cheayn Sheear, 'syn 'ouyir jeianagh as car meeghyn y gheuree er lheh. T'ad cur geayaghyn jeeillagh lhieu as [[fliaghey]] lane ny smoo da ny h-ardjyn shen, myrane lesh [[sniaghtey]] as [[sniaghtey garroo]]. Ta ny h-ardjyn ayns twoaie [[Coontae ny Galliu|Choontae ny Galliu]] as 'sy niar jeh [[Coontae Vay Eo]] recortyssey yn chooid smoo jeh [[tendreil]] er yn ellan as ee taghyrt er eddyr queig as jeih laaghyn 'sy vlein ayns ny h-ardjyn shen.<ref name="MErainfall">{{cite web | title = Rainfall | work= Climate|publisher = Met Éireann | url = http://www.met.ie/climate/rainfall.asp | accessdate = 2008-11-05}}</ref> Ta'n chooid sloo jeh sniaghtey ry-gheddyn ayns [[Queiggey Mooan]] 'sy jiass, as ta'n chooid smoo jeh sniaghtey ry-gheddyn ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]] 'sy twoaie. Ta ny h-ardjyn sthie beggan ny s'çhoe car y tourey as beggan ny s'feayrey car y gheurey. Dy cadjin, ta 40 laaghyn 'sy vlein ny sloo na'n poynt rio {{nowrap|0&nbsp;°C}} {{nowrap|(32&nbsp;°F)}} ec stashoonyn emshir sthie, ayns cosoylaght rish 10 laaghyn ec stashoonyn slystagh. Ta Nerin cleaynit liorish skallaneyn çhiass ny keayrtyn, ayns 1995, 2003 as 2006 er y gherrid. Myrane lesh y chooid elley jeh'n Oarpey, va Nerin fo chleaney jeh emshyr feer feayr car geurey ny bleeaney 2009–2010. Huitt çhiassidyn dys -13&nbsp;°C (9&nbsp;°F) ayns buill ennagh as huitt kuse vooar dy [[sniaghtey|niaghtey]], seose dys 1 m ayns ardjyn sleitagh. [[Coadan:Irl-Carrantuohill summit.jpg|thumb|left|Ta [[Corrán Tuathail]], y slieau s'yrjey ayns Nerin, ny hoie ayns [[na Cruacha Dubha]].]] Ta'n ellan jeant seose jeh [[queiggey creg-oaylleeagh|queiggaghyn creg-oaylleeagh]] eigsoylagh. Foddey 'sy neear, mygeayrt [[Coontae ny Galliu]] as [[Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal]], ta co-hroggalys aileagh as ceaghlagh jeh keim eddyr meanagh as ard, jeh cleunys [[Caledoneedagh]] ry-akin, cosoylagh rish [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]]. Harrish Ullee hiar yiass as sheeyney sheear yiass dys [[Yn Lhongfort|y Lhongfort]] as jiass dys [[yn Ooive]] ta queiggey ta jeant seose jeh creggyn Ordoveeshagh as Shillooragh ry-akin, lesh cosoylaghtyn rish [[Thalloo Ard ny h-Albey]]. Ny s'odjey da'n jiass, rish coose [[Coontae Logh Garman|Choontae Logh Garman]], ta ard ta jeant seose jeh [[imlaght|imlee]] hryalagh stiagh dys creggyn ny smoo Ordoveeshagh as Shillooragh ry-akin, cosoylagh rish adsyn t'er ny gheddyn ayns [[Bretyn]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Geology of Ireland | work = Geology for Everyone | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | url = http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology+for+Everyone/Geology+of+Ireland.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archive-date = 2008-03-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080327113851/http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology%2Bfor%2BEveryone/Geology%2Bof%2BIreland.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Bedrock Geology of Ireland | work = Geology for Everyone | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | url = http://www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/0302F251-C4ED-4938-BCF0-CF228A3E8F6A/0/GSI_GeolIreland_A4.pdf | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archive-date = 2008-10-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/0302F251-C4ED-4938-BCF0-CF228A3E8F6A/0/GSI_GeolIreland_A4.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> 'Sy neear yiass, mygeayrt [[Bá Bheanntraí]] as [[na Cruacha Dubha]], ta ard jeh creggyn Devonagh, feer vee-chummit, agh nagh vel [[creg cheaghlagh|ceaghlagh]], ry-gheddyn.<ref>{{cite web | title = Geology of Kerry-Cork - Sheet 21 | work = Maps | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | year = 2007 | url = http://www.gsi.ie/Publications+and+Data/Maps/Geology+of+Kerry-Cork+-+Sheet+21.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 2007-12-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071212143431/http://www.gsi.ie/Publications%2Band%2BData/Maps/Geology%2Bof%2BKerry-Cork%2B-%2BSheet%2B21.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> Ta'n fainey neuchorrymagh shen dy chreg-oaylleeaght "chreg chreoi" coodit liorish lane-choodaghey dy clagh eayil Carboanar harrish çheshvean ny çheerey, as eh shen lhiggey da reayrt çheerey troaragh as rank. Ta'n clyst heear mygeayrt [[Lios Dún Bhearna]] – [[Boirinn]] – jeant seose jeh troyn [[karst]] mie-lhiassit.<ref>{{cite web | author = Karst Working Group | title = The Burren | work = The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | year = 2000 | url = http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/places/the_burren/burren_karst.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-05}}</ref> Ta ronsaghey da hiddracarboanyn goll er shooyl lurg y chied feddyn magh mooar ayns magher gas [[Kione Sailey (rois)|Chione Sailey]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Corkee|Choontae Chorkee]] ayns ny 1970yn meanagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Irish Natural Gas Market | work = Story of Natural Gas | publisher = Bord Gáis | url = http://www.bordgais.ie/corporate/index.jsp?1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=353&nID=363 | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archivedate = 2009-09-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090904060414/http://www.bordgais.ie/corporate/index.jsp?1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=353&nID=363 }}</ref><ref name="sch">{{cite book | last1 = Shannon | first1 = Pat| last2 = Haughton | first2= P.D.W. | last3= Corcoran|first3= D.V. | title = The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins | publisher = Geological Society | year = 2001 | location = London | page = 2 | isbn = 1423711637}}</ref> Ny s'anmey, 'sy vlein 1999, va tashtyn scanshoil dy [[gas najooragh|ghas najooragh]] feddynit magh ayns [[Magher Gas an Choirib]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Vay Eo|Choontae Vay Eo]]. Ta magher ooil Heilbhic, er ooley dy vel ny smoo na 28 millioonyn dy stoandaghyn (4,500,000 m³), ny ronsaghey noa elley.<ref>{{cite web | title = Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea | publisher = [[Irish Examiner]] | date = 2000-07-17 | url = http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2000/07/17/current/bpage_2.htm | accessdate = 2008-01-27}}</ref> === Buill anaase === {{Ardart|King jurnaa hurryssagh ayns Nerin}} Ta tree [[Boayl Eiraght Dowanagh|Buill Eiraght Ghowanagh]] er yn ellan: [[Brú na Bóinne]], [[Sceilig Mhichíl]] as [[Clochán an Aifir]].<ref>{{cite web | title = World Heritage List | work=World Heritage| publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list | accessdate = 2010-01-01 }}</ref> Ta buill ennagh elley er y rolley treealagh, lheid as [[Boirinn]] as [[Moin Stíobhaird]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Tentative Lists | work=World Heritage | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/ | accessdate = 2010-01-01 }}</ref> Ta buill hurryssagh ennagh elley ayns Nerin goaill stiagh [[Cashtal Vun Raite]], [[Carraig Phádraig]], [[Aillte an Mhothair]], [[Mainistir na Croise Naofa]] as [[Cashtal an Bhlarna]].<ref name="facts2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.failteireland.ie/getdoc/975fbac0-cf5d-4574-946e-26700b8a4efa/Tourism-Facts-2006.aspx |title=Tourism Facts 2006 |accessdate=2008-10-22 |author= |year=2006 |format=PDF |publisher=Fáilte Ireland}}</ref> Ta buill vaynaghoil scanshoil hendeeagh goaill stiagh [[Gleann Dá Loch]] as [[Cluain Mhic Nóis]], as ad freillt myr Cowrey Ashoonagh ayns Pobblaght Nerin.<ref>{{cite web | title = Search By County | work = National Monuments | author = National Monuments Service | publisher = Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government | url = http://www.archaeology.ie/en/NationalMonuments/SearchByCounty/ | accessdate = 2010-01-01 | archivedate = 2010-02-20 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100220110315/http://www.archaeology.ie/en/NationalMonuments/SearchByCounty/ }}</ref> She [[Divlyn]] y boayl smoo turryssagh<ref name="facts2006"/> as t'eh ny valley da shiartanse jeh ny cleaynyn smoo pobbylagh lheid as [[Thie Stoyr Guinness]] as [[Leabhar Cheanannais]].<ref name="facts2006"/> Ta'n neear as y neear yiass, ta goaill stiagh [[Loghyn Cheeill Airney]] as [[Corca Dhuibhne]] ayns Coontae Cherree as [[Conamara]] as [[Ellanyn Aran]] ayns [[Coontae ny Galliu]], nyn muill hurryssagh phobbylagh chammah.<ref name="facts2006"/> Ta [[thieyn steatagh]], v'er nyn droggal car y 17-oo, y 18-oo, as y 19-oo eash ayns aghtyn Pallaadagh, noa-Chlassicagh, as noa-Ghothagh, lheid as [[Caisleán an Bhardaigh]], [[Teach Bhaile an Chaisleáin]], [[Teach Bheanntraí]], nyn muill hurryssagh myrgeddin. Ta thieyn ennagh er ny aahroggal myr thieyn oast, lheid as [[Caisleán Dhrom Ólainn]]. <gallery caption="Buill Eiraght Ghowanagh ayns Nerin" perrow="3"> File:Causeway-code poet-4.jpg|[[Clochán an Aifir]]<br />[[Coontae Aontrym]] File:Klosteranlage Skellig Michael.jpg|[[Sceilig Mhichíl]]<br />[[Coontae Cherree]] File:Newgrange_ireland_750px.jpg|[[Brú na Bóinne]]<br />[[Coontae ny Mee]] </gallery> == Blaanid as beiyn == {{Ardart|Beiyn Nerin|Rolley lossreeyn cuishlagh 'sy Vretyn Vooar as Nerin|Biljyn ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin}} [[Coadan:Irl-female red deer Killarney.jpg|thumb|right|Ta'n [[feeaih ruy]] (''Cervus elaphus'') ny heeintagh smoo ayns Nerin. Va'n fotograf shoh jeant ayns [[Pairk Ashoonagh Cheeill Airney]].]] Er yn oyr dy row Nerin scarrit magh veih'n Oarpey vooarheeragh rere yrjidyn marrey va girree lurg yn [[eash rioee]] yerrinagh, ta ny sloo sorçhyn dy veiyn as dy lossreeyn ayn na t'ayn 'sy [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] na 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. Cha nel agh 26 dooieyn dy heeintee çheet ass Nerin er dooghyssaght. Ta dooieyn ennagh, lheid as y [[shynnagh]], yn [[arkan sonney]], as y [[broc]] nyn nooieyn feer lhieenar, tra ta dooieyn elley lheid as y [[mwaagh slieau|mwaah Yernagh]], y [[feeaih ruy]] as [[kayt ny miljyn]] er nyn vakin ny s'anvenkey. Ta beiyn marrey, lheid as y [[turtyl]], y [[sharkagh]], y [[meeyl mooar]] as y [[doraid]], ry-akin magh veih'n choose dy mennick. Ta mychione 400 dooieyn dy ushagyn er nyn recortyssey ayns Nerin. Ta kuse vooar jeh ny h-ushagyn shen nyn ushagyn arraghee, goaill stiagh y [[gollan geayee soailt]]. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh dooiyn ushag ayns Nerin çheet ass [[yn Eeslynn]], [[Greenlynn]] as [[yn Affrick]]. Ta shiartanse dy horçhyn dy [[oayl (eggoaylleeaght)|oayldyn]] ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin, goaill stiagh thalloo eirinagh, thalloo keylley foshlit, [[keylljyn lhean-ghuillagagh sonderagh as mestit]], keylljyn dy [[biljyn-cughlin|viljyn-cughlin]], [[curragh|curreeyn]] [[moaney]] as sorçhyn eigsoylagh dy oayldyn slystagh. Agh ta'n eirinys stiurey rheynnyn dy ymmyd thallooin ayns Nerin, ansherbee, as y stiurey shen cur caglee er thallooyn er lheh da oayldyn najooragh,<ref name="www2000">{{cite web | title = Land cover and land use | work = Environmental Assessment | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency | year = 2000 | url = http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/assessment/land/ | accessdate = 2007-07-30 | archivedate = 2008-09-16 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080916125736/http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/assessment/land/ }}</ref> da sheeintee feie mooarey er lheh as ad er laccal ny smoo thalloo dauesyn. Er yn oyr nagh vel [[cragheyder]] baarelagh ayns Nerin, ta earrooyn dy veiyn, lheid as feeaihee lieh-feie, nagh vel streeanit ec cragheyderyn beggey, lheid as y shynnagh, streeanit ec jeelymyn bleinoil. Dy h-ard-ghooagh, cha nel aarnieuyn ayns Nerin as cha nel agh un pheisht (y [[jiolgan leaghyr bio-breayagh|jiolgan leaghyr cadjin]]) ta çheet ass yn ellan. Ta dooieyn anvio goaill stiagh y [[feeaih mooar Yernagh]], y [[filliu Yernagh]] as yn [[awk vooar]]. Ta dooieyn dy ushagyn eear-anvio, goaill stiagh yn [[urley buigh]], er nyn gur stiagh reesht lurg jeihaghtyn dy neuveays. Derrey ny traaghyn mean-eashagh, va Nerin gloo-choodit rish [[darragh (billey)|darree]], [[juys (Pinus)|juyssyn]] as [[beih (billey)|beihyn]]. Jiu ta keylljyn coodaghey mychione 9% (4,450&nbsp;km² ny un villioon d'acyryn)<ref name="coillte">{{cite web | title = National | work = Forest Facts | publisher = [[Coillte Teoranta]] | url = http://www.coillte.ie/coillteforest/forest_facts/forest_facts_by_county/national/ | date = 2008-11-05 | accessdate = 2010-01-01 | archivedate = 2016-04-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160403085840/http://www.coillte.ie/coillteforest/forest_facts/forest_facts_by_county/national/ }}</ref> eaghtyr Nerin, as ta'n earroo shoh taishbyney dy vel Nerin ny h-ard smoo jee-cheyllit 'syn Oarpey. Ta cooid vooar jeh'n thalloo coodit rish thalloo fassee, as ta ram dooieyn dy lossreeyn feie. Ta [[aittin]] (''[[Ulex europaeus]]''), [[conney frangagh]] feie, ry-gheddyn dy mennick ayns thallooyn ard, as ta [[renniagh|renniee]] ry-gheddyn dy mennick ayns ny h-ardjyn smoo bog, 'sy neear er lheh. Ta Nerin ny balley da keeadyn dy ghooieyn dy lossreeyn, as fir oc nagh vel ry-gheddyn magh ass yn ellan, as t'ee er ny ve "coloinit" rish faiyryn, lheid as ''[[Spartina anglica]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hackney|first=Paul|url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/invasive/species.asp?item=2680|title=Spartina Anglica|work=Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland|accessdate=2009-01-01|publisher=National Museums Northern Ireland|archivedate=2011-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519055358/http://www.habitas.org.uk/invasive/species.asp?item=2680}}</ref> [[Coadan:Gorse-Ulex europaeus.jpg|thumb|Yn aittin (''[[Ulex europaeus]]'')]] Ta'n vlaanid [[algey|algagh]] as [[famlagh|famlee]] jeh'n torçh feayr sonderagh. Ta 574 dooieyn jeu 'sy clane as foddee ad dy rang-oardraghey myr shoh: * 264 [[Rhodophyta]] * 152 [[Heterokontophyta]] * 114 [[Algey glass|Chloropyta]] * 31 [[Cyanophyta]] Ta dooieyn ny s'genney goaill stiagh:<ref name="Guiry and Nic Dhonncha 01">{{cite_journal | last = Guiry | first = M.D. | last2 = Nic Dhonncha | first2 = E.N | title = The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters | location = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2001 | journal = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | issue = Publication No. 8 }}</ref> * ''Itonoa marginifera'' (J. Ag.) (Masuda & Guiry) * ''[[Schmitzia hiscockiana]]'' Maggs and Guiry * ''[[Gelidiella calcicola]]'' Maggs & Guiry * ''Gelidium maggsiae'' Rico & Guiry * ''Halymenia latifolia'' P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Kützing. Ta'n ellan er ny ve coloinit liorish algaghyn ennagh, as fir jeu feer fondit. Myr sampleyr:<ref name="Minchin 01">{{cite journal | last = Minchin | first = D. | title = Biodiversity and Marine Invaders | place = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2001 | journal = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | issue = Publication No. 8 }}</ref> * ''Asparagopsis armara'', as y bun echey 'syn Austrail. V'eh recortyssit ayns Nerin da'n chied cheayrt liorish M. De Valera 'sy vlein 1939 * ''[[Colpomenia peregrina]]'', feer lhieenar dy ynnydagh as er ny recortyssey da'n chied cheayrt ayns ny 1930yn * ''[[Sargassum]] muticum'', feer fodnit ayns shiartanse dy buill er cooseyn y jiass, y neear, as y niar hwoaie Er oyr y speyr vog ayns Nerin, ta ram dooieyn, goaill stiagh dooieyn [[fo-ghrianchryss]]agh lheid as [[Arecaceae|biljyn palm]], er ny aase ayns Nerin. === Troar yn eirinys === [[Coadan:Pasture at the Viewpoint - geograph.org.uk - 15065.jpg|thumb|Thalloo fassee glass faggys da [[Beanntraí]].]] Ta'n shennaghys foddey dy troarey eirinagh, kianglt rish aghtyn eirinagh noa-emshiragh lheid as ymmyd smaghtaghey noidyn as eoylley, as teaumey veih sollaghar jeeragh stiagh ayns glish, awinyn as loghyn builley er ny h-eggo-choryssyn ushtey oor najooragh as cur broo er bea-neuchaslid ayns Nerin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarecoco.ie/water-waste-environment/biodiversity/ |title=Biodiversity|publisher=Clare County Council |accessdate=2010-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasthills.org/minisite/adult_version/draftottersapmar07-2.pdf|title=Otter Lutra Lutra|work=Northern Ireland Species Action Plan|publisher=Environment and Heritage Service|format= PDF|year = 2007|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref> Ta thalloo dy vagheryn glassey er son lhiassaghey troaryn as troggal ollee cur cagliagh er y thalloo t'er geddyn da soiaghey seose dy ghooieyn feie dooghyssagh. Ansherbee, ta cleighee, ymmydit dy tradishoonagh dy freayll as dy chur creeagh er joaraghyn thallooin, shassoo seose myr thalloo coadee da blaanid feie ghooghyssagh. Ta'n eggo-chorys shen sheeyney magh harrish ny çheerey as t'eh gobbraghey myr moggyl dy chianglaghyn as ad freayll remladyn jeh'n çhenn eggo-chorys v'er ny heeyney magh er feie'n ellan. Ta argidyn coonee fo'n [[Polaase Eirinagh Cadjin|Pholaase Eirinagh Cadjin]], as ad cur pohlldey da aghtyn eirinagh va freayll cleighee, goll trooid aachummaghyn. Ayns ny shenn traaghyn, hug y Polaase Eirinagh Cadjin argidyn coonee da aghtyn eirinagh jeeillagh, foddee, as ad cur trimmid er troarey gyn joaraghyn y chur er ymmyd neulhietrimmagh dy eoyllaghyn as dy smaghtyn noidyn myr sampleyr, agh ta ny h-aachummaghyn, t'er çheet magh er y gherrid, jee-chiangley argidyn coonee veih cormidyn troaragh as t'ad er ny chur stiagh shirreydyssyn çhymmyltagh as shirreydyssyn elley.<ref name="cap_reforms">{{cite web | title = CAP Reform - A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture | work = Agriculture and Rural Development | publisher = European Commission | url=http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/capreform/index_en.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-30}}</ref> Ta keylljyn coodaghey mychione 10% dy eaghtyr ny çheerey, as ta'n chooid smoo jeu enmyssit da troarey traghtee.<ref name="www2000"/> Ta ardjyn keyllagh jeant seose dy cadjin jeh garaghyn dy viljyn un-chultooragh neu-ghooghyssagh, as foddee dy vel eh shen cur er bun oayldyn nagh vel cooie da dooieyn dooghyssagh dy neu-vertebree. Ta remladyn jeh'n cheyll ghooghyssagh ry-akin skahit er feie'n ellan, ayns [[Pairk Ashoonagh Cheeil Airney]] er lheh. Ta ardjyn najooragh gymmyrçh cleighee as faalyn dys ro-yndyragh dy lhiettal liorish [[Feeaihee Nerin|feeaihee]] as [[keyrrey|kirree]] ta shooyl trood ardjyn neu-lhiassit. Ta'n yndyraght 'syn aght shen cur lhietrimmys er aaghiennaghtyn najooragh ny keylljyn ayns ram ardjyn ny çheerey.<ref>{{Cite book | first = Dick | last = Roche | authorlink = Dick Roche | title = National Parks | publisher = Seanad Éireann | url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0185/S.0185.200611080008.html | volume = 185 | date = 2006-11-08 | accessdate = 2007-07-30}} Resoonaght y [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]] va goaill stiagh yn Eear-Hirveishagh Çhymmyltaght, Eiraght as Gurneilys Ynnydagh</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Shennaghys tarmaynagh Nerin|Tarmaynys Phobblaght Nerin|Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie}} Cha daink y [[çhyndaa çhynskylagh]] dys Nerin da'n chooid smoo. Ta deiney ennagh credjal nagh daink y çhyndaa çhynskylagh dys Nerin dys Nerin er oyr gennid gheayil as yiarn, as ad nyn roie-chonaantyn da çhyndaaghyn çhynskylagh rere reayrt ennagh. Ta cremeyderyn jeh'n reayrt shen cowraghey magh çheeraghyn elley raad nagh row ny cooid shen ayn agh raad haghyr y çhyndaa çhynskylagh as t'ad cur cooishyn elley ayn myr oyryn.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LamjgLbhTvwC&pg=PA314&dq=ireland+failed+to+industrialize+due+to+lack+of+coal+and+iron&cd=1#v=onepage&q=ireland%20failed%20to%20industrialize%20due%20to%20lack%20of%20coal%20and%20iron&f=false|first=Cormac|last=O'Grada|title=Ireland: A New Economic History,1780-1939|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994}}</ref> Ta screeudeeyryn shennaghys ennagh cowraghey magh yn unnaneys doaltattym lesh y tarmaynys share dy strughtooragh ayns Sostyn. T'ad cowraghey magh dy row leaghyn yiarn as geayil ayns Nerin cha neugheyr as ayns buill ennagh ayns Sostyn – as beggan ny s'inshley er leagh ayns buill ennagh – as er ny bleeantyn jeeragh roish [[Aght yn Unnaneys 1801|yn unnaneys lesh y Vretyn Vooar]], va çhynskylaghey ry-akin ayns Nerin ('sy çhynskyl [[lieen]] er lheh).<ref>{{cite|first=Joel|last=Mokyr|Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850|publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=Oxon |year=1983}}</ref> Lesh y chovestey eddyr y daa harmaynys dy doaltattym, rere y reayrt shen, hoshee Nerin gassphurtal bee as obbreeyn dys y 'vooar-heer' ayns ynnyd e çhynskylaghey hene.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Jacobsen|title=Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1994}}</ref> Haghyr arraghey magh mooar lurg y Ghortey Mooar ayns ny 1800yn meanagh as darr eh shen derrey ny 1980yn.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100528170938/http://migration.ucc.ie/pmeinishowenfinal.htm Irish Emigration, past and present. Lessons to be learned?]. University College Cork.</ref> Ansherbee, haghyr caghlaa mooar ayns tarmaynys Nerin car ny 1990yn, as bishaghey tarmaynagh neuchadjin taghyrt car ny bleeantyn shen ayns Pobblaght Nerin, ayns phenomenon t'er enney myr "[[Yn Teegyr Celtiagh]]",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicoll |first=Ruaridh |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/may/10/ireland-financial-crisis-emigration |title=Ireland: As the Celtic Tiger roars its last |date=2009-05-16 |publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=2010-03-30 }}</ref> as lesh çheet shee ayns Nerin Hwoaie. 'Sy vlein 2005, va Pobblaght Nerin currit 'sy chied ynnyd myr y boayl share er y theihll myr balley cummal, rere scrutaghey "[[quallid-vea]]" liorish yn earish-lioar ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index|journal=The Economist: the World in 2005|format=PDF|publisher=The Economist Group|url=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.PDF|accessdate=2010-01-22}}</ref> Ghow Pobblaght Nerin olteynys ayns [[oarey|cryss yn oarey]] ayns 1999, tra hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh y [[punt Sostynagh|phunt Sostynagh]]. Hie Pobblaght Nerin as Nerin Hwoaie stiagh ayns goll ergooyl ayns 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/0520/breaking8.htm |title=Ireland 'technically' in depression |publisher=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate=2010-01-23 |date=2009-05-20 |last=Slattery |first=Laura |archiveurl=https://archive.is/8u7X|archivedate=2012-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/irelands-economy-in-free_b_185874.html |title=Ireland's Economy in Free Fall Collapse |publisher=Huffington Post |date=2009-04-12 |accessdate=2010-01-23 |last=Filger |first=Sheldon }}</ref> as ayns 2009, va'n chormid vee-staartaght ayns Pobblaght Nerin ec 12.5%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=teilm020&tableSelection=1&plugin=1 |title=Harmonised unemployment rate by gender - total - % (SA) |publisher=Eurostat |accessdate=2010-01-23 |last= |first= }}</ref> rere [[geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin ayns 2008–2010]]. === Arraghey === {{Ardart|Arraghey ayns Nerin|Raaidyn ayns Nerin}} [[Coadan:Aerlingus.a320-200.ei-dei.arp.jpg|thumb|[[Airbus A320]] jeh chooid [[Aer Lingus]]]] Ta queig kied phurtyn aer eddyrashoonagh ayns Nerin: [[Purt Aer Ghivlyn]], [[Purt Aer Eddyrashoonagh Veeal Feirshtey]] (An Gearrán Fearnóige), [[Purt Aer Chorkee]], [[Purt Aer ny Shannon]] and [[Purt Aer Eear Nerin Chnoc Mhuire|Purt Aer Eear Nerin]] (Cnoc Mhuire). Ta Purt Aer Ghivlyn ny purt aer smoo tarrooagh,<ref>{{cite web | title =About us | work =Dublin Airport | publisher =Dublin Airport Authority | url =http://www.dublinairport.com/about-us/ | accessdate =2008-11-09 }}</ref> as 22 villioon dy hroailtee goll trooid y phurt aer dagh blein,<ref>{{cite web | title =Dublin Airport tops 23 million passengers in 2007 | work =Business | publisher =Thomas Crosbie Media | date =2008-01-22 | url =http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/mheyojojcwgb/ | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-06-25 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090625225342/http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/mheyojojcwgb/ }}</ref> as ta terminal as roievollagh noa er ny hroggal ec y traa t'ayn.<ref>{{cite web | title =DAA To Begin Building New Terminal Within Weeks | work =Press Releases | publisher =Dublin Airport Authority | date =2007-07-29 | url =http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/media-centre/press-releases/112007.html | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-09-26 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071932/http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/media-centre/press-releases/112007.html }}</ref> Ta dagh fer jeu cour shirveishyn aer dys y Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh, as ta purtyn aer Beeal Feirshtey Eddyrashoonagh, Divlyn as y Çhannon cour shirveishyn harrish yn Atlantagh. Er feie shiartanse dy jeihaghtyn va'n Çhannon ny purt aalhieeney scanshoil da bollee harrish-Atlantagh.<ref>{{cite web | title =Shannon stopover to go by 2008 | work =Business News | publisher =RTE | date =2005-11-11 | url =http://www.rte.ie/business/2005/1111/shannon.html | accessdate =2008-11-09 }}</ref> Er y gherrid, ta shirveish roie-vynscrutaghey er ny foshley ayn as ee lhiggey da troailtee goll trooid custymyn sthie-arragh Americaanagh roie faagail Nerin. Ta shiartanse dy phuirt aer ny sloo ayn chammah: [[Purt Aer Chaayr Veeal Feirshtey George Best]], [[Purt Aer Chaayr Ghoirrey]], [[Purt Aer ny Galliu]], [[Purt Aer Cherree]] (An Fearann Fuar), [[Purt Aer Shliggee]] (An Leathros), [[Purt Aer Phurt Largey]] as [[Purt Aer Ghoon ny Ghoal]] (An Charraig Fhinn). Ta shirveishyn skedjalit veih ny buill ardjynagh shen goll dys buill elley ayns Nerin as 'y Vretyn Vooar son y chooid smoo. Ta lhuingyssyn aer ta bunnit ayns Nerin goaill stiagh [[Aer Lingus]] (eear-[[lhuingys aer ashoonagh]] Phobblaght Nerin), [[Ryanair]], [[Aer Arann]] as [[CityJet]]. [[Coadan:H&W Cranes2.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Samson and Goliath (craaynyn)|Samson and Goliath]]'', lhong-chaardee [[Harland & Wolff]], [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]]]] Ta ard-phuirt ec Nerin ayns [[Puirt Ghivlyn|Divlyn]], [[Puirt Veeal Feirshtey|Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Purt Chorkee|Corkee]], [[Purt Ros Láir|Ros Láir]], [[Purt Ghoirrey|Doirrey]] as [[Purt Phurt Largey|Purt Largey]]. Ta puirt ny sloo ry-gheddyn ayns [[Inver Mooar]], [[Beeal yn Aah, Coontae Vay Eo|Beeal yn Aah]], [[Droghad Aah]], [[Doon Jialgan]], [[Doon Laoire]], [[Faing]], [[Galliu]], [[Laarney]], [[Limmeragh]], [[Ros Vic Treoin]], [[Shliggagh]], [[An Pointe]] as [[Keeill Mantan]]. Ta 3.6 millioonyn dy hroailtee goll trooid puirt 'sy Phobblaght as ad goll tessen [[Mooir Vannin|y vooir eddyr Nerin as y Vretyn Vooar]] dagh blein.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/statistics/passengermovementbysea.htm |title=Direct Passenger Movement by Sea from and to Ireland (Republic) (000's) |publisher=Central Statistics Office |year=2006 |accessdate=2010-01-24}}</ref> Ta'n vooar chooid dy hraght chooid hrome leeideilit liorish y vooir. Ta ny puirt ayns Nerin Hwoaie stiurey 10 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn (11 villioon dy [[thunney giare|hunnaghyn giare]]) jeh traght chooid lesh y Vretyn Vooar dagh blein, tra ta ny puirt ayns Pobblaght Nerin stiurey 7.6 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn (8.4 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn giare). Ta shirveishyn assaig eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin trooid Mooir Vannin as t'ad goaill stiagh bollee veih [[Abertawe]] dys Corkee, veih [[Abergwaun]] as [[Penfro]] dys Ros Láir, veih [[Caergybi]] dys Doon Laoire, veih [[Stroin Roauyr]] dys Beeal Feirshtey as veih [[Machair an Sgithich]] dys Laarney. Myrane lhieusyn ta kiangley assaig eddyr [[Lerphoyll]] as Beeal Feirshtey trooid [[Doolish]] ayns [[Mannin]]. Ta'n baatey assaig gleashtan smoo, yn ''[[MV Ulysses]]'', stiurit ec [[Irish Continental|Irish Ferries]] er y vollagh eddyr Divlyn as Caergybi. Myrane lesh shen, ta baataghyn assaig goll veih Ros Láir as Corkee dys [[Yn Rank|y Rank]]. [[Coadan:Ireland transport map.svg|right|thumb|upright=1.5|Raaidyn yiarn, puirt ushtey scanshoil, puirt aeragh, as bayryn gleashtanagh (goaill stiagh adsyn ta begnagh creaghnit) ayns Nerin]] Va'n moggyl dy raaidyn yiarn ayns Nerin lhiassit ec ram colughtyn preevaadjagh car y 19-oo eash, as fir oc geddyn argid choonee reiltysagh 'sy 19-oo eash yeianagh. Rosh y moggyl y roshtynys smoo ayns 1920. V'eh coardit dy beagh towse lheanagh jeh 1,600 mm (5&nbsp;tr 3 oar)<ref name="ciatrans">{{cite web | title =CIA World Factbook - Ireland - Transportation | publisher =CIA | date =2008-11-06 | url =https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html#Trans | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2019-05-06 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20190506104239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html#Trans }}</ref> myr towse stundayrtit er yn ellan, ga dy row keeadyn dy chilometeryn dy raaidyn yiarn lesh towse keyl jeh 914mm (3&nbsp;tr).<ref name="ciatrans"/> Ta traenyn troailtagh liauyr ayns Pobblaght Nerin stiurit ec [[Iarnród Éireann]] as t'ad kiangley yn chooid smoo jeh ny baljyn smoo. Ayns Nerin Hwoaie ta dagh shirveish stiurit ec [[Northern Ireland Railways]]. Ayns bishaghey lesh shen, ta fer jeh ny raaidyn yiarn lught çhymnit smoo 'syn Oarpey soit ayns Nerin ta stiurit ec [[Bord na Móna]] as ta beggan ny sloo na 1,400 km er lhiurid.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bnm.ie/corporate/index.jsp?&1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=97&pID=357&nID=359 |title=Description of Railway |publisher=Bord na Móna |accessdate=29 Mart 2010 |archive-date=2007-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119085020/http://www.bnm.ie/corporate/index.jsp?&1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=97&pID=357&nID=359 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayns Divlyn, ta daa voggyl raaidey yiarn kiarail arraghey 'syn ard-valley as ayns yn ard ta cruinnlaghey yn ard-valley. Ta'n [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit]] ny yn DART ("Arraghey Tappee Ard Ghivlyn") kiangley çheshvean yn ard-valley rish ny fo-valjyn slystagh. Hoshee corys raaidey yiarn eddrym, y [[Luas]] ("Leahys"), gobbraghey ayns 2004 as t'eh gymmyrkey troailtee dys ny fo-valjyn meanagh as heear. Ta shiartanse dy linnaghyn Luas plannit myrane lesh [[Raad Yiarn Fo-halloo Ghivlyn|raad yiarn fo-halloo]]. Ta'n DART stiruit ec Iarnród Éireann as ta'n Luas stiurit ec [[Veolia]] fo kiartys dellal veih'n [[Railway Procurement Agency]] ("Bing Feddyn Streebee Raaidey Yiarn"). Fo conaantyn plan y reiltys Yernagh, [[Transport 21]], va'n raad yiarn eddyr Corkee as [[Mainistir na Corann]] aa-oshlit ayns 2009. Ta aa-oshley yn raad yiarn [[yn Ooive]]–[[Cluain Saileach]] as [[Bollagh Raad Yiarn Sheear]] coontit mastey obbraghyn ry-heet jeh'n phlan cheddin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy Rail |work=Project |publisher=Transport 21 |date=2008-06-18 |url=http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Heavy_Rail/Heavy_Rail.html |accessdate=2008-11-11 |archivedate=2008-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207115734/http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Heavy_Rail/Heavy_Rail.html }}</ref> Ta ny shirveishyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie feer ghoan ayns cosoylaght rish y chooid elley jeh Nerin ny rish y Vretyn Vooar. Va moggyl raad yiarn mooar giarrit ayns ny 1950yn as ny 1960yn.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.rpsi-online.org/schools/irishrailwaysystem.htm |title=The Irish Railway System |publisher=The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland |accessdate=2010-03-29 }}</ref> Ta shirveishyn roie goaill stiagh bollee fo-valjagh dys [[Laarney]], [[yn Euar]], as [[Beannchar]], myrane lesh shirveishyn dys Doirrey. Ta crouw-linney goll veih [[Cooil Rhennee]] dys [[Port Rois]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.translink.co.uk/NIRailwaysBetterTimetables.asp |title=Northern Ireland Railways Timetables |publisher=Translink |accessdate=2010-03-29 }}</ref> Ta gleashtaneyryn ayns Nerin gimman er y chlee. Ta moggyl rheamyssagh dy raaidyn as moggyl lhiassagh dy vayryn gleashtanagh sheeyney magh veih Divlyn as Beeal Feirshtey er lheh. Dy shendeeagh, va'n chooid smoo jeh raaidyn ayns shelloo shellooderyn thallooin as ny s'anmey ren Barrantyssyn Giat Cassee çhaglym keeshyn er son ny raaidyn as ayns y vlein 1800 va 16,100 km dy raaidyn ayns Nerin.<ref>{{cite web | title =History of Transport in Ireland, Part 1 | work =About Us | publisher =[[Córas Iompair Éireann]] | url =http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#1 | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2004-04-10 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20040410110553/http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#1 }}</ref> Ayns ny bleeantyn caie, chur Reiltys Nerin plan arraghee noa er bun as y plan shen ny halee argidagh smoo ayns corys arraghee Nerin: baihaghey €34 billioonyn veih 2006 derrey 2015. Ta obbyr er shaleeyn raaidey er ny hoshiaghey as ta fir jeu er ny chreaghney.<ref>{{cite web | title =Roads | work =Projects | publisher =Transport 21 | date =2008-06-18 | url =http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Roads/Roads.html | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2008-12-08 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20081208022517/http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Roads/Roads.html }}</ref> Va ny kied shirveishyn [[baroose post]] ayns Nerin conaantit liorish [[John Anderson (delleyder Albinagh)|John Anderson]] lesh William Bourne ayns 1791 as eh er ny yeeilley er son lhiasaghey stayd ny raaidyn.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Parliamentary papers, Reports from Committees, Volume 20 |publisher=House of Commons |location=London |pages=3, 38–43 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K0wSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA6-PA42&dq=john+anderson+mail+coach+ireland&ei=L2yxS4mHLoOGyATgwYyiCA&cd=1#v=onepage&q=john%20anderson%20mail%20coach%20ireland&f=false |year=1837 |accessdate=2010-03-29 }}</ref> Va'n corys dy varooseyn post, dy charriadsyn as dy "vianyn" lhiasit ny smoo ec [[Charles Bianconi]], soit ayns [[Cluain Meala]], veih'n vlein 1815 myr roie-haghter y chorys arraghee Yernagh.<ref>{{cite web |last =Murphy |first=John |title=Bianconi home to become Clonmel hotel |publisher=Irish Examiner |date=2005-01-04 |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2005/01/04/story573513087.asp | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> Jiu, t'ad ny h-ard-cholughtyn baroose na [[Bus Éireann]] ayns Pobblaght Nerin as [[Ulsterbus]] ayns Nerin Hwoaie, as y daa jeu garral shirveishyn troailtagh rheamyssagh ayns dagh paart jeh'n ellan. Ta [[Bus Átha Cliath]] garral shirveishyn baroose da ard Ghivlyn mooar as ta [[Metro (Beeal Feirshtey)|Metro]] stiurey shirveishyn ayns ard Veeal Feirshtey mooar. Ta cowraghyn raaidey as caglee vieauid ayns Pobblaght Nerin taishbynit ayns kilometeryn 'syn oor, as ny caglee er nyn caghlaa 'sy vlein 2005. Ta cowraghyn foddeeaght as caglee vieauid ayns Nerin Hwoaie foast goaill ymmyd jeh unnidyn impiroil cosoylagh rish y chooid elley jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Moggylyn bree === Er y chooid smoo jeh'n tammylt va ny moggylyn lectraghys ayns Pobblaght Nerin as Nerin Hwoaie scarrit veih nyn geilley. Va'n daa voggyl jeu cummit as troggit dy neuchroghagh lurg y rheynn magh. Agh, myr eiyrtys jeh caghlaaghyn harrish ny bleeantyn jeianagh, t'ad kianglt nish ry-cheilley lesh tree eddyr-chianglaghyn<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cer.ie/en/electricity-transmission-network-interconnection.aspx |title=Interconnection |publisher=Commission for Energy regulation |accessdate=2010-03-30 |archivedate=2011-01-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128172244/http://www.cer.ie/en/electricity-transmission-network-interconnection.aspx }}</ref> as t'ad kianglt trooid y Vretyn Vooar rish yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh. Ta'n soiaghey ayns Nerin Hwoaie ny smoo co-chast er yn oyr nagh vel colughtyn preevaadjagh kiarail [[Northern Ireland Electricity]] (NIE) lesh dy liooar lectraghys. Ayns Pobblaght Nerin, cha ren [[Bord Soláthar Leictreachais|yn ESB]] jeianaghey ny stashoonyn lectraghys echey as ta feddynaght stashoonyn lectraghys çheet er 66% de meanagh, nane jeh ny cormidyn s'messey 'syn Oarpey Heear. Ta [[EirGrid]] troggal linney ym-skeaylley [[Stroo jeeragh ard-voltagh|HVDC]] eddyr Nerin as y Vretyn Vooar lesh mooadys eck er 500 MW, ny mychione 10% jeh shirreydys mullee.<ref>{{cite web |work=East-West Interconnector |url=http://www.interconnector.ie/projects/east-westinterconnector/projectactivity/ |title=Project Activity |date=2009-09-16 |publisher=[[EirGrid]] |accessdate=2009-09-29 |archivedate=2009-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004073101/http://www.interconnector.ie/projects/east-westinterconnector/projectactivity/ }}</ref> [[Coadan:RingsendPowerStation1459.jpg|thumb|right|Stashoon lectraghys an Rinn, Divlyn]] Ayns cosoylaght rish y lectraghys, ta'n moggyl rheynn dy [[gas najooragh|ghas najooragh]] er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh nish, lesh piob-linney ta kiangley [[Baile Mhic Ghormáin]] ayns [[Coontae ny Mee]] as [[Bealach Cláir]], [[Coontae Aontrym]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Bord Gáis Networks : Northern Ireland : South-North Pipeline | publisher = [[Bord Gáis]] | url = http://www.bordgais.ie/networks/index.jsp?1nID=102&pID=109&nID=313 | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2007-11-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119071243/http://www.bordgais.ie/networks/index.jsp?1nID=102&pID=109&nID=313 }}</ref> Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n ghas ayns Nerin çhet stiagh trooid eddyr-chianglaghyn eddyr [[Twynholm]] ayns [[Nalbin]] as [[Baile an Lonfoirt]], Coontae Aontrym as [[Loch Sionnaigh]], [[Coontae Ghivlyn]]. Ta ymmyrkey leodagh çheet ass magher gas Chione Sailley magh veih coose Choontae Chorkee<ref>{{cite web | title = Northern Ireland Energy Holdings - Frequently Asked Questions | publisher = [[Northern Ireland Energy Holdings]] | url = http://www.nienergyholdings.com/FAQs/Index.php | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2011-07-14 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714182024/http://www.nienergyholdings.com/FAQs/Index.php }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Gas Capacity Statement 2007 | publisher = [[Commission for Energy Regulation]] | url = http://www.cer.ie/GetAttachment.aspx?id=d9f0b11e-3a13-42bb-86b7-f7470a9c68cc | format = PDF | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2012-03-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305041104/http://www.cer.ie/GetAttachment.aspx?id=d9f0b11e-3a13-42bb-86b7-f7470a9c68cc }}</ref> as cha nel [[Magher Gas an Choirib]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Vay Eo|Choontae Vay Eo]] er ny foshley dys shoh. Ta'n magher ayns Coontae Vay Eo çheet ny whaiyl lesh condaigys ynnydagh mychione [[Condaigys ghas an Choirib|briwnys arganeagh]] dys y gas dy aaghlenney er çheer. Er y gherrid ta eabyn er ny n'gholl ersooyl ayns Nerin dy ghoaill ymmyd ass [[bree yn-aanooaghey]] lheid as [[bree gheayee]]. Ta [[ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee|ynnydyn mwyljyn-geayee]] er nyn droggal ayns coondaeghyn slystagh lheid as Doon ny Ghoal, May Eo, as Aontrym. Ta ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee er ny ve troggit magh veih coose [[Coontae Cheeill Mantan|Choontae Cheeill Mantan]] ec [[Ynnyd Mwyljyn-Geayee Vullagh Inver Mooar]] as bee eh ny ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee smoo er y theihll. T'eh er credjal dy nee'n ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee ayns Inver Mooar troarey 10% dy lectraghys Nerin tra t'eh creaghnit. Ta troggalys ynnydyn mwyljyn-geayee er ny ve moalit rere condaigys veih co-phobbylyn ynnydagh, as fir jeu credjal nagh vel ny [[turbeen-geeayee|trubeenyn-geayee]] dy h-aalin. She [[Cnoc an Turlaigh]] jeh chooid yn ESB yn un heyrraad ry hoi tastey bree 'sy steat.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources | publisher =Hibernian Wind Power Ltd | date =2004-02-27 | url =http://www.hibernianwindpower.ie/hiberwindresponse_dcmnr.pdf | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> == Deiney == {{Ardart|Deyn-oaylleeaght Nerin}} Ren ny kied deiney cummal ayns Nerin mychione 9,000 bleeantyn er dy henney, agh cha nel mooarane fys er enney ain mychione ny cummaltee [[shenn-chlaghagh|henn-chlaghagh]] ny [[noalittagh]]. Ta ronsaghey gien-oaylleeagh 'sy vlein 2004 coyrlaghey dy daink ny kied chummaltee dys yn ellan as ad çheet harrish ny sheelogheyn rish coose y Cheayn Sheears veih'n Spaainey.<ref name="prospectmag"/> Rere sheiltynyssyn ny s'leah, haink ad veih'n Oarpey veanagh. Ta recortyssyn shendeeagh as caardyssagh goaill baght er beays dussanyn dy chynneeyn eigsoylagh foddee v'ad feayn-skeealleydagh ny firrinagh, lheid as ny [[Cruthin]]ee, ny [[Attacotti|h-Attacotti]], ny [[Conmaicne]], ny [[Eóganachta|h-Eóganachta]], ny [[Érainn|h-Érainn]], as ny [[Soghain]], mastey kynneeyn elley. Harrish y 1,000 bleeaney jerrinagh haink [[ny Loghlynee]], ny [[Normanee]], ny [[Albinee|h-Albinee]], as ny [[Sostynee]] as ad cur lesh y phobble dooghyssagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny possan crauee smoo ayns Nerin. She [[Catoleaghys Raueagh]] y rheynn chrauee smoo as eh cowraghey 73% jeh pobble yn ellan (as mychione 87%<ref name="census2006-religion"/> jeh pobble Phobblaght Nerin). Ta'n chooid elley jeh'n phobble nyn gooid jeh rheynnyn Protestoonagh eigsoylagh (mychione 53% jeh pobble Nerin Hwoaie).<ref name="niprotestants">{{cite news | last = McKittrick | first = David | authorlink = | title = Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low | work = | publisher = Independent | date = 2002-12-19 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/census-reveals-northern-irelands-protestant-population-is-at-record-low-611500.html | accessdate = 2009-12-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091110153753/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/census-reveals-northern-irelands-protestant-population-is-at-record-low-611500.html | archivedate = 2009-11-10 }}</ref> She [[Agglish Nerin|Agglish]] [[Anglicaanaghys|Anglicaanagh]] Nerin y nah agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Islamaghys ayns Nerin|pobble Islamagh]] ayns Neirn gaase, rere arraghey stiagh son y chooid smoo. Ta pobble beg dy [[Shennaghys ny h-Ewnyn ayns Nerin|Ewagh]] ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin chammah. Ta 4% pobble ny Pobblaght jannoo cur sheese orroo hene myr deiney gyn craueeaght.<ref name="census2006-religion">{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/census/census2006results/volume_13/volume_13_religion.pdf|title=Census 2006 Volume 13 Religion|format=PDF|publisher=Central Statistics Office |accessdate=2008-01-29}}</ref> Ta 14% pobble Nerin Hwoaie jannoo y cur sheese cheddin orroo.<ref name="niprotestants" /> Dirree sleih-earroo Nerin dy tappee veih'n 16-oo eash derrey'n 19-oo eash veanagh. Haghyr [[Yn Gortey Mooar|gonney]] craaynagh ayns ny 1840yn, as myr eiyrtys, hooar un villioon dy 'leih baase as daag ny smoo na millioon dy 'leih yn ellan jeeragh lurg y ghonney. Harrish y keead-bleeaney eiyrtyssagh huitt sleih-earroo yn ellan dys earroo va lieh chooid jeh'n çhenn earroo, traa va bishaghey tree-filley ayns sleih-earroo ry-akin ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley. [[Coadan:Population density of Ireland map2002.svg|thumb|left|Caslys-çheerey Nerin ta taishbyney [[glooaght y phobble]] rere coontae, 2002. Gow tashtey er y ghlooaght 'sy niar as ayns Ullee]] Chur arraghey magh ass Nerin lesh sleih-earroo Hostyn, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ny Canadey as ny h-Austrail raad ta [[eebyrtys Yernagh]] mooar cummal jiu. Va ny cooseyn sheear as jiass jeeillit son y chooid smoo rere yn arraghey magh shen. Roish y Ghortey Mooar, va'n ghlooaght cheddin, begnagh, ayns queiggaghyn Connaghtey, Lion as Mooan as cha row Queiggey Ulley cha glooit as y tree queiggaghyn elley. Jiu, ta'n ghlooaght foddey ny s'trimmey ayns Ullee as Lioin, ayns Divlyn er lheh, na ayns y Vooan as Connaghtey. Rere raahys aasagh veih'n jeihaght yerrinagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, haink Nerin dy ve ny boayl da sthie-arraghey. Veih ren [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] sheeyney magh dys [[Yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]] dy ghoaill stiagh ayns 2004, ta ny [[Polynnee]] 'sy chied ynnyd rere earroo sthie-arree (ny smoo na 150,000)<ref>{{cite web | last = Sullivan| first =Kevin | authorlink =Kevin Sullivan (journalist) | title = Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland | work = | publisher = Washington Post | date = 2007-10-24| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/23/AR2007102302162_pf.html | accessdate = 2008-11-09}}</ref>, as sthie-arree elley er nyn jeet veih'n [[Yn Litaan|Litaan]], [[Yn Phobblaght Çheck|y Phobblaght Çheck]], as [[Yn Latvey|y Latvey]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Eircom launches two new Talktime International packages | work =Press Releases: Latest News | publisher =Eircom | date =Jerrey Souree 2007 | url =http://home.eircom.net/about/press/2007/July/10763015 | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2008-09-22 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080922023146/http://home.eircom.net/about/press/2007/July/10763015 }}</ref> Ta sthie-arraghey mooar er ny akin ayns Pobblaght Nerin er lheh. Rere coontey-pobble 2006, v'eh recortyssit dy row 420,000 fir whaagh, ny 10% jeh'n sleih-earroo, cummal ayns Pobblaght Nerin.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web | last = Seaver | first = Michael | authorlink = | title = Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader | work = | publisher = The Christian Science Monitor | date = 2007-09-05| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0905/p06s02-woeu.html | accessdate = 2009-12-30}}</ref> Ta cooid vooar jeh ny sthie-arree neu-Oarpagh jeant seose jeh [[Sheenee]] as [[Naigeeree]], myrane lesh deiney ass çheeraghyn Affrickagh elley. T'eh er credjal, ansherbee, dy daag seose dys 50,000 obbreeyn arraghee veih'n Oarpey Hiar roish [[Geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|jerrey ny bleeaney 2008]].<ref name="affluenceends">{{cite web | last = Henry | first = McDonald | authorlink = | title = Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End | work = | publisher = The Guardian | date = 2009-04-05| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/apr/05/ireland-economy-vat-unemployment | accessdate = 2009-12-30}}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Yernagh|Vaarle Yernagh]] er ny loayrt ayns Nerin veih ny Mean Eashyn as, rere arraghey çhengagh car y 19-oo eash, ta'n Vaarle er ny chur stiagh ayns ynnyd y [[Yernish]] myr y phreeu-hengey da'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobble.<ref>{{cite book | last = Spolsky | first = Bernard | title = Language policy| publisher = Cambridge University | year = 2004 | location = Cambridge | page = 191 | isbn = 0521011752, 9780521011754 }}</ref> Cha nel y Yernish loayrit dy mennick magh ass y chorys ynsee agh ec mysh 10% sleih-earroo Phobblaght Nerin<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006 | work =Census 2006 - Volume 9 - Irish Language | publisher =CSO | date = | url =http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=75639 | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-02-27 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090227165829/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=75639 }}</ref> as ta 38% jeu ta ny smoo na 15 bleeaney d'eash rang-oardit myr "Yernisheyryn". Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, she'n Vaarle y çhengey oikoil ''de facto'', agh ta staydys ec y Yernish as ec yn [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Ullanish]], as ee loayrit çheu yiass veih'n joarey chammah. Ayns ny jeihaghtyn jeianagh, rere'n sthie-arraghey, ta ram çhengaghyn elley er ny çheet stiagh dys Nerin, as ad çheet as yn Aishey as yn Oarpey Veanagh son y chooid smoo. <div style="clear:left"></div> == Cultoor == {{ardart|Cultoor Nerin|Cultoor Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:Ardboe Cross.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ard-Chrosh Ard Bó]]]] Ta cultoor Nerin jeant seose jeh meeryn cultoor y çhenn sthie-arraghee as cleaynaghyn (lheid as [[Ny Gaeil|cultoor Gaelgagh]]) as, er y gherrid, [[Sostnaghey]] as [[Americaanaghey]] myrane lesh commeeys ayns [[cultoor ny h-Oarpey]]. Rere keeal lheeadagh, Ta Nerin coontit myr nane jeh ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|hashoonyn Celtiagh]] 'syn Oarpey, gollrish [[Nalbin]], [[Bretyn]], [[Yn Chorn|y Chorn]], [[Mannin]] as [[Yn Vritaan (çheer)|y Vritaan]]. Ta'n cochiangle shen dy cleaynaghyn cultooagh ry-akin ayns cummaghyn cam ta enmyssit ''[[Fee (ellynyn reayrtagh)|fee]] Yernagh'' ny ''[[Cront Celtiagh|Cruint Cheltiagh]]''. T'ad ry-akin ayns ornaidys ny h-obbraghyn crauee as neuvonnagh mean-eashagh. Ta'n aght shen foast ennoil jiu ayns cliejeeneydys as ellyn ghraafagh,<ref name="BBC 1">{{cite web|title=Tionchar na gCeilteach|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/articles/view/720/english/|accessdate=2010-01-23|publisher=BBC|date=2009-05-23|work=BBC Northern Ireland website}}</ref> myrane lesh yn aght er lheh jeh [[kiaull Yernagh hradishoonagh|kiaull]] as daunse Yernagh tradishoonagh, as t'ad er ny ve cowreydagh da cultoor "Celtiagh" noa-emshiragh son y chooid smoo. Va paart mooar ec [[Craueeaght ayns Nerin|craueeaght]] ayns lhiasaghey yn theihll cultooragh 'syn ellan veih ny shenn traaghyn (as veih ny [[Plandailyn Nerin|plandailyn]] 'sy 17-oo eash va'n chraueeaght ny focys da enney politickagh as rheynnyn er yn ellan). Ren eiraght roie-Chreestee Nerin roie ry-cheilley lesh [[yn Agglish Cheltiagh]] lurg sushtallaghtyn [[Noo Perrick]] 'sy 5-oo eash. Ren ny [[sushtallaghtyn Yernagh-Albinagh]], er nyn doshiaghey ec y vaynagh Yernagh [[Colum Keeilley]] Noo, sheeyney reayrt Yernagh ny Creestiaght dys [[Sostyn Anglo-Hostynagh|Sostyn]] phaganagh as dys [[Impiraght ny Frankee]]. Hug ny sushtallaghtyn shen çhengey screeuee dys pobble neulettyragh ny h-Oarpey car [[yn Eash Ghorraghey]] lurg [[tuittym ny Raue]], as ad cur y far-ennym "ellan ny nooghyn as ny scollagyn" er Nerin. Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, ta [[thieyn oast Yernagh]] er nyn ve coontit myr noa-phostyn y chultoor Yernagh er feie ny Cruinney. Ta'n [[Abbey Theatre]] ("Theater ny Mannishter"), va bunnit ayns 1904 ayns [[Divlyn]], ny heater ashoonagh as ta'n [[An Taibhdhearc|Taibhdhearc]], va bunnit ayns 1928 ayns [[Galliu]], ny heater Yernish ashoonagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Stair na Taibhdheirce | publisher = An Taibhdheirce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.antaibhdhearc.com/stair.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-05-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090530045428/http://www.antaibhdhearc.com/stair.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = An Taibhdhearc | publisher = Fodors | date = | url = http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/ireland/the-west/review-102098.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2011-05-25 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525082941/http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/ireland/the-west/review-102098.html }}</ref> Ta screeuderyn cloie lheid as [[Seán O'Casey]], [[Brian Friel]], [[Sebastian Barry]], [[Conor McPherson]] as [[Billy Roche]] er enney er feie ny Cruinney.<ref>{{cite book | last =Houston | first =Eugenie | title =Working and Living in Ireland | publisher =Working and Living Publications | year =2001|isbn=0-95368-968-9}}</ref> === Ellyn === {{Ardart|Kiaull Nerin|Daunse Yernagh|Çhengaghyn Nerin|Lettyraght Nerin|Ellyn Nerin|Theater Yernagh}} Ta shiartanse dy hengaghyn goll er loayrt ayns Nerin. Ta'n [[Yernish]] y phreeu-hengey ghooghyssagh 'syn ellan. Veih'n 19-oo eash yeianagh, haink y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] dy ve ny preeu-hengey da'n chooid smoo dy 'leih as haink ee stiagh ayns Nerin ayns ny Mean Eashyn. Ta mynlaght vooar foast loayrt ayns Yernish jiu, agh cha nel ee ny kied çhengey agh ec cooid veg jeh'n phobble. Fo [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|bunraght]] Phobblaght Nerin, ta staydys oikoil ec y daa hengey, agh ta staydys ashoonagh ec y Yernish as t'ee coontit myr y chied hengey. Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n Vaarle ny preeu-hengey, as ta staydys mynlagh ardjynagh er y Yernish as er y [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]]. [[Coadan:KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Duillag ghaahit veih [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]]] Ta cohortys mooar jeant ec Nerin ayns lettyraght ny cruinney ayns dagh banglane, 'sy Vaarle er lheh. Ta feeleeaght ayns Yernish coontit myr y [[lettyraght ghooghyssagh|feeleeaght ghooghyssagh]] shinney 'syn Oarpey, as ta ny sampleyryn s'leah çheet ass y 6-oo eash. 'Sy Vaarle, va enney mooar er [[Jonathan Swift]] ayns ny traaghyn echey er son e obbraghyn lheid as ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'' as ''[[A Modest Proposal]]'', as t'eh foast enmyssit dy mennick myr y [[grinder]] toshee 'sy Vaarle, as ta enney mooar er [[Oscar Wilde]] son ny keeayllidyn echey ta aaraait dy mennick. 'Sy 20-oo eash haink kiare cosneyderyn jeh [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Lettyraght]] ass Nerin: [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Samuel Beckett]] as [[Seamus Heaney]]. Faagail magh nagh row [[Aundyr Nobel]] bronnit er [[James Joyce]], t'eh coontit myr nane jeh ny screeuderyn smoo scanshoil jeh'n 20-oo eash. Ta'n noa-skeeal veih'n vlein 1922 ''[[Ulysses (noa-skeeal)|Ulysses]]'' coontit myr nane jeh ny h-obbraghyn smoo scanshoil ayns [[lettyraght yeianagh]] as ta e heihll kelloorit dagh blein er 16 Mean Souree ayns Divlyn, as y laa shen enmyssit "[[Bloomsday]]".<ref>{{cite web | title = Bloomsday 2007 Community Wide Events | work = Past Events | publisher = The James Joyce Centre | date = | url = http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/detail.asp?ID=86 | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Ta lettyraght Yernagh noa-emshiragh kianglt dy mennick rish yn eiraght çheerey eck<ref>{{cite book|first= Andrew|last=Higgins Wyndham|title=Re-imagining Ireland|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|year=2006}}</ref> trooid screeuderyn lheid as [[John McGahern]] as feeleeghyn lheid as Seamus Heaney. [[Coadan:Revolutionary Joyce.jpg|thumb|upright|[[James Joyce]], nane jeh ny screeuderyn smoo scanshoil jeh'n 20-oo eash]] Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, ta [[kiaull çheerey|kiaull hradishoonagh]] as [[daunse]] Yernagh çheet dy ve ennoil reesht, trooid y phenomenon ''[[Riverdance]]'' er lheh, cloie theateragh jeh daunse tradishoonagh Yernagh.<ref>{{cite book | last = Butler | first = Jean | coauthor = Edited by Andrew Higgins Wyndham | title = Re-imagining Ireland: Re-imageing Irish Dance | publisher = University of Virginia Press | year = 2006 | location = Y Virjeeney | page = 141 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Oo-u0p31yjQC | isbn = 0-81392-544-4}}</ref> Ayns ny bleeantyn meanagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, tra va Nerin jeianaghey, huitt y chiaull hradishoonagh ass foayr, ayns ardjyn baljagh er lheh.<ref>{{cite book | last =Geraghty | first =Des | title =Luke Kelly: A Memoir | publisher =Basement Press | year =1994|pages = 26–30|isbn= 1-85594-090-6}}</ref> Car ny 1960yn, as tayrn stiagh ennal veih gleashaght chiaullee çheerey Americaanagh, haghyr aavioghey ayns anaase ayns kiaull hradishoonagh Yernagh, as va'n aavioghey shen stiurit liorish possanyn lheid as [[The Dubliners]], [[The Chieftains]], [[Emmet Spiceland]], [[The Wolfe Tones]], ny [[Clancy Brothers]], [[Sweeney's Men]] as fir er lheh lheid as [[Seán Ó Riada]] as [[Christy Moore]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Moore | first =Christy | title =One Voice: My Life in Song | publisher =Hodder and Stoughton/Lir | year =2000|isbn= 0-34076-839-8}}</ref> Hug possanyn as kiaulleyderyn, goaill stiagh [[Horslips]], [[Van Morrison]], as [[Thin Lizzy]] meeryn dy chiaull hradishoonagh stiagh 'sy [[kiaull chraaee|chiaull chraaee]] noa-emshiragh as, car ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn, haink yn anchaslys eddyr kiaulleyderyn tradishoonagh as kiaulleyderyn craaee dy ve millit, as cooid vooar dy 'leih goll harrish ny linnaghyn ayns aghtyn cloie. Ta'n cleayney shoh ry-akin ayns obbyr jeianagh jeh ellyneyryn lheid as [[Enya]], [[The Saw Doctors]], [[The Corrs]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]], [[Clannad (possan kiaullee)|Clannad]], [[The Cranberries]], [[Black 47]] as [[The Pogues]] mastey possanyn elley. Car ny 1990yn, haink fo-horçh dy [[kiaull veainagh çheerey|chiaull veainagh çheerey]] magh ayns Nerin as ee mestey [[kiaull veainagh hrome]] lesh kiaull Yernagh as Celtiagh. V'ad ny possanyn toshee jeh'n fo-horçh shen na [[Cruachan (bann)|Cruachan]], [[Primordial (bann)|Primordial]], as [[Waylander (bann)|Waylander]]. Ta possanyn kiaullee noa-emshiragh ennagh goaill ny s'gerrey da feaym "tradishoonagh", goaill stiagh [[Altan (bann)|Altan]], [[Téada]], [[Danú]], [[Dervish]], [[Lúnasa (bann)|Lúnasa]], as [[Solas (bann)|Solas]]. Ta fir elley goaill stiagh ymmodee dy chultooryn myr co-haaghey dy horçhyn, lheid as yn [[Afro Celt Sound System]] as [[Kíla]]. Ta'n chooish ry-akin mastey biallyssyn Yernagh gys yn [[Eurovision Song Contest]], co-hirrey kiaullee ooilley-Oarpagh ta cosnit shiaght keayrtyn ec Nerin, ny ny smoo na un çheer elley.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4563257.stm |title=Ireland in shock Eurovision exit|publisher=BBC Online|date=2005-05-19|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> T'ad yn ellyn ghraafagh as y jallooderys Yernagh s'leah na grainnaghyn ta ry-akin ayns buill lheid as [[Sí an Bhrú]]<ref>{{cite book | last = O'Kelly | first = Michael J. | coauthors = O'Kelly, Claire | title = Newgrange. Archaeology Art and Legend | publisher = Thames and Hudson | year = 1982 | location = Lunnin | pages = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bGiMHQAACAAJ | isbn = 978-0500273715 }}</ref> as t'ad ry-gheddyn trooid jeantaneyn veih'n [[yn Eash Ooha|Eash Ooha]] as ny grainnaghyn crauee as [[laue-screeu daahit|laue-screeuyn daahit]] veih'n eash veanagh. Car y 19-oo as y 20-oo wash, haink tradishoon dooghyssagh lajer jeh daahghey magh, goaill stiagh fir lheid as [[John Butler Yeats]], [[William Orpen]], [[Jack Yeats]] as [[Louis le Brocquy]]. === Oaylleeaght === [[Coadan:Robert Boyle 0001.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Chur [[Robert Boyle]] Leigh Boyle ayns focklyn]] Va'n fallsoonagh as y jeeaghteyr Yernagh [[Johannes Scotus Eriugena]] coontit myr nane jeh lught share yn tushtey ayns ny Mean Eashyn. Va'n Reejerey [[Ernest Henry Shackleton]], ronseyder Anglo-Yernagh, nane jeh ny h-ard-phersoonyn ayns ronsaght yn Antarctagh. Ren eh, marish lught y hurrys echey, y chied drappal er [[Slieau Erebus]] as ronsaghey magh dy voayl faggyssagh y [[Poull Magnaidagh Jiass|Phoull Magnaidagh Jiass]]. Va [[Robert Boyle]] ny fallsoonagh najooragh, ny chemmigagh, ny 'ishigagh, ny ynlaghteyr as ny [[oayllee ooasle]] jeh'n 17-oo eash. T'eh ammyssit myr nane jeh bunneyderyn ny kemmig noa-emshiragh as ta enney share er son cur ayns focklyn [[Leigh Boyle]].<ref name="scientists">{{cite web | last = Reville | first = William | title = Ireland's Scientific Heritage | work = Understanding Science" series: Famous Irish Scientists | publisher = [[University College Cork]]; Faculty of Science | date = 2000-12-14 | url = http://understandingscience.ucc.ie/pages/irishscientists.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-02-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090205165633/http://understandingscience.ucc.ie/pages/irishscientists.htm }}</ref> Ghow y fishigagh jeh'n 19-oo eash, [[John Tyndall]], magh [[eiyrtys Tyndall]], sheiltynys ta meenaghey cre'n fa dy vel daah gorrym er y speyr. Ta enney share er [[yn Ayr Nicholas Joseph Callan]], Olloo Fallsoonys Najooragh ayns [[Colaashtey Vaanoot]], son ynlaght y [[caslag indughtee|chaslag indughtee]], y [[caghlaader|chaghlaader]], as feddyn magh aght leah dy [[galvaanaghey|ghalvaanaghey]] 'sy 19-oo eash. Ta [[fishigagh|fishigee]] Yernagh ard-ghooagh elley goaill stiagh [[Ernest Walton]], cosneyder yn [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig]] 'sy vlein 1951. Marish y [[Reejerey John Douglas Cockcroft]], v'eh ny chied ghooiney ren skeiltey çheshvean y vreneen rere saaseyn ellynagh as hug eh contoyrtyssyn da lhiasaghey sheiltynys noa jeh [[cormid honn]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Finch | first = Eric | coauthors = Denis Weaire | title = Walton Biography | work = | publisher = [[Colaashtey ny Trinaid, Divlyn|Colaashtey ny Trinaid]] Scoill Fishig | date = 2006-10-06 | url = http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/history/walton/walton_biography.php | accessdate = 2008-10-22 }}</ref> Ta unnid çhiassid absoloidagh, y [[Kelvin]] enmyssit ayns onnor William Thomson, ny [[yn Çhiarn Kelvin]]. Ren y Reejerey [[Joseph Larmor]], fishigagh as maddaghteyr, noaidyn ayns toiggalaght y lectraghys, niartallaght, çhiass-niartallaght as sheiltynys lectrane dy stoo. V'eh yn obbyr smoo cleaynagh ayn na ''Aether and Matter'', lioar er fishag sheiltynagh va soilshit 'sy vlein 1900.<ref name="physicsworld">{{cite news|first=Mark|last=McCartney|title=William Thomson: king of Victorian physics|work=Features|publisher=[[Physics World]]|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/16484|date=2002-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-22|archivedate=2008-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715173557/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/16484}}</ref> Chur [[George Johnstone Stoney]] stiagh yn enmys ''[[lectrane]]'' 'sy vlein 1891. V'eh [[John Stewart Bell]] noader dy [[Çhoarym Bell]] as pabyr bentyn rish feddyn magh [[Anleigh Chiral|anleigh Bell-Jackiw-Adler]] as v'eh enmyssit son aundyr Nobel.<ref name="scientists"/> Ta maddaghteyryn ard-ghooagh goaill stiagh lheid as y Reejerey [[William Rowan Hamilton]], as ard-ghoo er son ynlaght y [[kiarneen|chiarneen]]. Va cleayney mooar ec [[Francis Ysidro Edgeworth]] ayns lhiasaghey tarmaynys noa-chlassicagh, as eh goaill stiagh [[kishtey Edgeworth]]. Va [[John B. Cosgrave]] ny hur-oayllee ayns [[sheiltynys earrooee]] as ghow eh magh [[ard-earroo]] lesh 2000 bun-earrooyn 'sy vlein 1999 as [[earroo Fermat]] covestagh recortyssit 'sy vlein 2003. Ren [[John Lighton Synge]] immeeaght ayns magheryn ennagh dy oaylleeaght, goaill stiagh obbrinaght as saaseyn towse-oaylleeagh ayns conastaght chadjin. Va'n maddaghteyr [[John Forbes Nash, Jr.|John Nash]] myr nane jeh ny scollagyn echey. Ta hoght ollooscoillyn as ram Undinyssyn Çhaghnoaylleeaght ayns Nerin myrane lesh [[Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath|Undinys Ard-Studeyrys Ghivlyn]], va bunnit ayns 1940 marish y fishigagh [[Erwin Schrödinger]] myr stiureyder.<ref name="dias">{{cite web | title = School of Theoretical Physics: History - Formation of the School | publisher = Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies | date = 2007-06-01 | url = http://www.stp.dias.ie/history/history1.shtml | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> === Spoyrtyn === {{Ardart|Spoyrt ayns Nerin}} :''Jeeagh er neesht: [[Yernee#Spoyrtyn|Rolley spoyrteyryn Yernagh]]'' She [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] y spoyrt smoo cadjin ayns Nerin rere cronneyderyn as cassey co-phobbylagh, as t'eh jannoo seose 34% jeh frastylyn spoyrt lane ec taghyrtyn ayns Nerin as harrish mooir, as ta'n [[immanaght]] çheet ny yei as ee jannoo seose 23%. Ta [[soccer]] 'sy trass ynnyd lesh 16% dy chronneyderyn as ta [[ruggyr]] 'sy cherroo ynnyd 8%.<ref name="esri">{{cite web|url=http://www.esri.ie/pdf/BKMNINT180_Main%20Text_Social%20and%20Economic%20Value%20of%20Sport.pdf|publisher=The Economic and Social Research Institute|format=PDF|title=The Social Significance of Sport|accessdate=2008-10-21|archivedate=2008-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.esri.ie/pdf/BKMNINT180_Main%20Text_Social%20and%20Economic%20Value%20of%20Sport.pdf}}</ref> She [[Kione-chloie Bluckaneyrys Ooilley-Nerin]] y taghyrt spoyrt smoo fakinit ayns feaillere spoyrtoil Nerin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10004396.shtml |title=Initiative’s latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005 |publisher=Finfacts.com |date=2006-01-04 |accessdate=2010-01-24}}</ref> T'ad [[snaue]], [[golf]], [[aeroabee]], [[soccer]], [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as [[snooker]] ny spoyrtyn lesh y commeeys cloie s'yrjey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20070223162340/BKMNINT178_Main%20Text%20Chapters%201-4.pdf |title=Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland |publisher=The Economic and Social Research Institute |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2015-09-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904125738/http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20070223162340/BKMNINT178_Main%20Text%20Chapters%201-4.pdf }}</ref> She soccer y spoyrt smoo cadjin ta goaill stiagh fwirranyn eddyrashoonagh. Ta ram spoyrtyn elley goll er chloie as fakin, goaill stiagh [[bluckan bascaidagh]], [[doarneyrys]], [[criggad]], [[eeasteyraght]], [[golf]], [[ratçhal cooyn liauyrey]], [[bluckan laue Gaelgagh|bluckan laue]], [[hockee]], [[ratçhal cabbil]], [[spoyrt gleashagh|spoyrtyn gleashagh]], [[lheimyraght chabbil]] as [[leddoge]]. ==== Spoyrtyn magheragh ==== [[Coadan:Tyrone Blanket Defence.jpg|thumb|right|Çheer Eoin noi Kerree ayns [[Feniaghtys Bluckaneyrys Shinshyragh Ooilley-Nerin]] ayns 2005]] T'ad yn immanaght, bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh, bluckan laue, as [[cloie cruinn]] spoyrtyn ashoonagh Nerin as ad enmyssit ry-cheiley myr [[cloiaghyn Gaelgagh]]. Ta cloiaghyn Gaelgagh stiurit rish [[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]] (CLG), faagail magh bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh mreih as [[cammageeaght]] (lhieggan mreih jeh'n immanaght), as ad stiurit liorish sheshaghtyn er lheh. Ta kione-cherroo y CLG (as y phreeu-staid) soit ayns [[Páirc an Chrócaigh]] ayns twoaie Ghivlyn. Ta ard-chloiaghyn y CLG cloit ayn, goaill stiagh [[Feniaghtys Bluckaneyrys Shinsharagh Ooilley-Nerin]] as [[Feniaghtys Immanaght Shinsharagh Ooilley-Nerin]]. Car aahroggal [[Bóthar Lansdún|staid Bóthar Lansdún]], va ruggyr as soccer eddyrashoonagh cloit ayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/05/AR2007020501459.html|title=For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground |date=2007-02-06 |accessdate=2008-08-14 |publisher=The Washington Post}}</ref> Ta dagh cloieder y CLG, myrane lesh ad er y chorrym s'yrjey, nyn ancheirdee nagh vel cur failt er faillee. Va'n [[Irish Football Association]] (IFA) ny reagheydys reirey son soccer harrish yn ellan. Ta'n gamman er ny ve cloit ayns cummey reirit ayns Nerin veih ny 1870yn. She [[Cliftonville F.C.]] ass Beeal Feirshtey y club shinney ayns Nerin. V'eh cloit son y chooid smoo, ayns ny kied jeihaghtyn er lheh, mygeayrt Beeal Feirshtey as ayns Queiggey Ulley. Ansherbee, va clubyn ennagh va bunnit çheumooie jeh Beeal Feirshtey credjal dy row yn IFA cur foayr da clubyn Protestoonagh ta bunnit ayns Ullee ayns cooishyn lheid as reih da'n fwirran ashoonagh. Ayns 1921, lurg taghyrt raad, dyn y wooise da gialdyn ny s'leah, scugh yn IFA aa-chloie lieh-yerrinagh 'syn [[Irish Cup]] veih Divlyn gys Beeal Feirshtey<ref>{{cite web | title = FAI History: 1921–1930 | work = | publisher = Football Association of Ireland | date = 2009-06-05 | url = http://www.fai.ie/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=226 | accessdate = 2009-12-30 }}</ref> as, myr eiyrtys, daag clubyn va bunnit ayns Divlyn y çheshaght as chur ad Football Association of the Irish Free State er bun. Jiu, ta'n çheshaght 'sy jiass enmyssit myr [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI). Dyn y wooise da'n neu-hashtey er y çheshaght veih ny sheshaghtyn ayns [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]], va'n FAI currit er enney ec [[FIFA]] ayns 1923 as va'n chied chloie eddyrashoonaght reaghit as cloit ayns 1926 (noi'n [[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer ny h-Iddaal|Iddaal]]). Ansherbee, va ny fwirranyn ec daa heshaght yn IFA as yn FAI reiht veih deiney as ooilley Nerin, as hooar sleih ennagh capyn da cloiaghyn as ad cloie er son y daa 'wirran. Ren y daa jeu cur sheese er nyn vwirranyn myr ''Nerin''. [[Coadan:Paul O'Connell Ireland Rugby.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Paul O'Connell]] roshtyn da'n vluckan car [[Linney-magh (spoyrt)|linney-magh]] noi'n [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr unnaneys ny h-Argenteen|Argenteen]] ayns 2007]] Ayns 1950, ren FIFA gurneil ny sheshaghtyn cloiederyn dy reih veih ny thallooyn er lheh oc as, ayns 1953, ren eh gurneil dy nee "[[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer Phobblaght Nerin|Pobblaght Nerin]]" yn ennym va currit er fwirran ashoonagh yn FAI, as "[[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]" yn ennym va currit er fwirran yn IFA veih shen magh (lesh lhimmaghyn er lheh). Ghow Nerin Hwoaie ayrn ayns kione-chloiaghyn [[Cappan y Theihll (FIFA)|Cappan y Theihll]] ayns ny bleeantyn [[Cappan y Theihll 1958 (FIFA)|1958]] (as ad er nyn rosh gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh), [[Cappan y Theihll 1982 (FIFA)|1982]] as [[Cappan y Theihll 1986 (FIFA)|1986]]. Ghow Pobblaght Nerin ayrn ayns kione-chloiaghyn Cappan y Theihll ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 1990 (FIFA)|1990]] (as ad er nyn rosh gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh), ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 1994 (FIFA)|1994]] as ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 2002 (FIFA)|2002]] as ghow ad ayrn ayns [[Feniaghtys ny h-Oarpey (UEFA)|Feniaghtys ny h-Oarpey]] ayns [[Euro 1988 (UEFA)|1988]]. Ta anaase mooar Yernagh ayns leegyn soccer [[Ard-rheynn soccer Hostyn|Sostynagh]] as [[Ard-rheynn soccer ny h-Albey|Albinagh]]. Ayns neu-chosoylaght rish soccer, ta Nerin cur un [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr Nerin|'wirran ashoonagh ruggyr]] magh er y vagher, as ta'n fwirran as y spoyrt er feie Nerin stiurit ec un heshaght, yn [[Irish Rugby Football Union]] (IRFU). Ghow fwirran ruggyr Nerin ayrn ayns dagh [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll]], as rosh ad gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh ayns kiare jeu. Va cloiaghyn ruggyr cloit ayns Nerin car Cappanyn y Theihll ayns ny bleeantyn [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll 1991|1991]] as [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll 1999|1999]]. Ta kiare fwirranyn keirdey Yernagh ayn as da dagh fer jeu cloie 'sy [[Magners League]] as tree jeu cloie er son [[Cappan Heineken]]. Ta ruggyr Yernagh er ny heet dy ve ny smoo cohirreydagh ec corrymyn eddyrashoonagh as queiggagh veih'n vlein 1994 tra haink y spoyrt dy ve ny spoyrt keirdey. Car y traa shen, ren [[Ulster Rugby|Ullee]] ([[Cappan Heineken 1998–99|1999]]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Fourth Heineken Cup Final | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 1999-01-30 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/82_629.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-01-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090110045827/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/82_629.php }}</ref>), [[Munster Rugby|y Vooan]] ([[Cappan Heineken 2005–06|2006]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Munster fulfil their destiny | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2006-05-20 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_5287.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2007-09-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154712/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_5287.php }}</ref> and [[Cappan Heineken 2007-08|2008]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Munster claim second Heineken Cup | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2008-05-24 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_10240.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2008-08-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080804070439/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_10240.php }}</ref>) as [[Leinster Rugby|Lion]] ([[Cappan Heineken 2008–09|2009]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Leicester Tigers v Leinster | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2009-05-23 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_12682.php | accessdate = 2009-06-11 | archivedate = 2009-05-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090518140148/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_12682.php }}</ref>) cosney y Cappan Heineken. Ayns bishaghey rish shen, ta fwirran eddyrashoonagh Nerin er gheddyn ny smoo as ny smoo rah ayns [[Feniaghtys ny Shey Ashoonyn]] noi ny fwirranyn reiht elley Oarpagh. Haink y rah shen, goaill stiagh [[Tree-Chrooin (ruggyr unnaneys)|Tree-Chrooinyn]] ayns 2006 as 2007, ry-cheiley lesh greim glen dy varriaghtyn, ta enmyssit [[Grand Slam (ruggyr unnaneys)|Grand Slam]], ayns 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/match-centre_multimedia.php |title=Official RBS 6 Nations Rugby |publisher=www.rbs6nations.com |accessdate=2010-01-23 |archivedate=2011-11-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106225808/http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/match-centre_multimedia.php }}</ref> Va [[fwirran criggad Nerin]] mastey ny h-ashoonyn coheshaghtagh chossyn ayrn ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Theihll 2007]]. Chur Nerin [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny Pakistaan|y Phakistaan]] fo haart as ren ad creaghney 'sy nah ynnyd 'sy cho-rheynn, as hooar ad ynnyd ayns keim y Super 8 jeh'n feniaghtys. Ghow y fwirran ayrn 'syn [[ICC World Twenty20 2009]] lurg e cho-varriaght ayns [[Qualleeaght da'n ICC World Twenty20 2009|ny qualleeaghtyn]], raad ghow ad ayrn ayns keim y Super 8. Myrane lesh shen chossyn Nerin y [[Qualleeaght da Cappan ICC y Theihll 2009|Whalleeaght da Cappan ICC y Theihll]] as ad shickyraghey nyn ynnyd ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Theihll 2011]], myrane lesh staydys [[One Day Indernational|ODI]] oikoil derrey 2013. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr leeg Nerin|fwirran ruggyr leeg Nerin]] jeant seose son y chooid smoo jeh cloieyderyn ta bunnit ayns Sostyn lesh kianglaghyn lught thie Yernagh, as cloiederyn elley çheet magh ass cohirrey ynnydagh ass yn Austrail. Rosh Nerin ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh ayns [[Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Theihll 2000]]. ==== Spoyrtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:Irl-Sligo horse racing.jpg|thumb|[[Ratçhal cabbil]] ayns [[Shliggagh]]]] Ta [[ratçhal cooyn liauyrey]] as [[ratçhal cabbil]] nyn spoyrtyn ennoil as cadjin ayns Nerin. Ta ram sleih frastyl er staidyn cooyn liauyrey as ta ram cruinnaghtyn ratçhal cabbil goll er taghyrt ayn. Ta ard-ghoo er yn ellan son fuilleeaght as ynsaghey cabbil roie as ta ram cooyn roie er nyn assphurtal magh dagh blein.<ref>{{citation |author=FGS Consulting |title=Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund |work= |publisher=Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism |date=May 2009 |page=11 |url=http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/DAST_%20Review_of_H%20_GFund%20_FGS_Final_May%2009.pdf |format=pdf |accessdate=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2011-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073729/http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/DAST_%20Review_of_H%20_GFund%20_FGS_Final_May%2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rheynnag ratçhal cabbil co-ghlooit ayns [[Coontae Cheeill Darey]] son y chooid smoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.curragh.ie/about-us/ |title=Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry |publisher=The Curragh Racecourse |accessdate=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203233915/http://www.curragh.ie/about%2Dus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta roortaghys Yernagh er ny lhiassaghey ayns ny traaghyn jeianagh, as daa voyn ard-ghooagh er nyn gosney ec [[Sonia O'Sullivan]] ayns ratçhyn 5,000 meteryn; boyn airhey ec [[Feniaghtyssyn IAAF y Theihll ayns Roortaghys|Feniaghtyssyn y Theihll]] 'sy vlein 1995 as boyn argid ec [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh 2000|Cloiaghyn Olympagh sy vlein 2000 ayns Sydney]]. Chossyn [[Gillian O'Sullivan]] boyn argid 'sy ratçh shooill 20k ec Feniaghtyssyn y Theihll ayns 2003, as chossyn cleeader ratçhal [[Derval O'Rourke]] boyn airhey ayns Feniaghtyssyn Çheusthie y Theihll 'sy vlein 2006 ayns [[Moscow]]. Chossyn Olive Loughnane boyn argid ayns ratçhal shooil 20k ayns Feniaghtyssyn Roortaghys y Theihll ayns [[Berleen]] ayns 2009. Ta doarneyrys reirit ec yn [[Irish Amateur Boxing Association]]. Ayns 1992, chossyn [[Michael Carruth]] boyn airhey son y doarneyrys ayns [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree 1992|Cloiaghyn Olympagh Barcelona]] as 'sy vlein 2008 chossyn Kenny Egan boyn argid son doarneyrys ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ayns Beijing.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0824/olympic.html |title=RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold |publisher=RTÉ News |date=2008-08-28 |accessdate=2010-02-29 }}</ref> Ta golf feer-chadjin ayns Nerin as she çhynskyl mooar t'ayn turrysid ghalf as ee tayrn ny smoo na 240,000 keayrtee golf dagh blein.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discoverireland.com/us/ireland-things-to-see-and-do/activities/golfing/golfing-in-ireland/ |title=Golfing in Ireland |publisher=Tourism Ireland |accessdate=2010-03-30 |archivedate=2010-03-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315145519/http://www.discoverireland.com/us/ireland-things-to-see-and-do/activities/golfing/golfing-in-ireland/ }}</ref> Va [[Cappan Ryder]] [[Cappan Ryder 2006|2006]] cloit 'sy [[The Kildare Hotel and Golf Club|K Club]] ayns [[Coontae Cheeill Darey]].<ref>{{cite web | title = 2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe | publisher = PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited | date = 2006-01-23 | url = http://www.rydercup.com/2006/europe/news/20060123_home.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Haink [[Pádraig Harrington]] dy ve ny chied Yernagh veih [[Fred Daly (golfeyr)|Fred Daly]] ayns 1947 dys y [[The Open Championship|British Open]] ayns [[Càrn Fheusda]] dy chosney ayns Jerrey Souree 2007.<ref>{{cite web | last = Brennan | first = Séamus | authorlink = Séamus Brennan | title = Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship | work = Press release | publisher = | date = 2007-07-22 | url = http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/publications/release.asp?ID=2028 | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2011-07-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073843/http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/publications/release.asp?ID=2028 }}</ref> Chossyn eh e ard-ennym ayns Jerrey Souree 2008<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.opengolf.com/en/News.aspx?story=Peter+Dawson+speaks+about+golf%27s+Olympic+ambition |title=Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition |work=The Open Championship 2008: Interview |publisher=Opengolf.com |date=2009-12-16 |accessdate=2010-03-26 |archivedate=2011-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175132/http://www.opengolf.com/en/News.aspx?story=Peter+Dawson+speaks+about+golf%27s+Olympic+ambition }}</ref> roish chossyn eh y [[PGA Championship]] ayns Luanistyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/golf/2008/0811/harrington.html|title=In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA|date=2008-08-11|accessdate=2008-08-14|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]}}</ref> Haink Harrington dy ve ny chied Oarpagh dys y PGA Championship dy chossyn er feie 78 bleeaney as v'eh ny chied chosneyder veih Nerin. Ta traieyn da markiaght tonn ry-gheddyn er coose heear Nerin, ayns [[An Leacht]] as [[Cooan Ghoon ny Ghoal]] er lheh, as ad foshlit da'n [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. Ta cummey funnyl er Cooan Ghooan ny Ghoal as t'eh goaill greim er geayaghyn neear/neear yiass veih'n Cheayn Sheear, as t'ad croo emshyr vie da markiaght tonn, 'sy gheurey er lheh. Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, haink markiaght tonn feniaghtagh ny h-Oarpey dys [[Bun Dobhráin]]. Ta [[thummey scuba]] çheet dy toshiaght ayns Nerin er oyr ny h-ushtaghyn gilley as earrooyn mooarey dy vioys marrey, rish y choose heear er lheh. Ta ram lhongvrishaghyn ry-akin rish coose Nerin lesh fir jeh ny thunnaghyn lhongvrishaghyn share ry-akin magh veih [[Cionn Mhálanna]] as magh veih coose [[Coontae Chorkee|Choontae Chorkee]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McDaid |first=Brendan |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/imported/shipwrecks-ahoy-in-area-13745285.html |title=Shipwrecks ahoy in area |publisher=Belfast Telegraph |date=2004-06-09 |accessdate=2010-03-27 }}</ref> Ta Nerin ny kione-jurnaa cadjin as ennoil son [[eeastagh]] lesh millaghyn dy loghyn, ny smoo na 14,000 km (8,700 mi) dy awinyn ta gymmyrkey eeastyn as ny smoo na 3,700 km (2,300 km) dy choose. Ta speyr honderagh Nerin cooie da eeastagh spoyrt. Tra ta breckeragh [[braddan]] as [[breck|brick]] foast ennoil lesh breckeyderyn, hooar eeasteyragh braddan aaniartaghey ayns 2006 lesh dooney eeasteragh lhieen troa braddan. Ta [[eeasteyragh garroo]] lhiassaghey dy beayn. Ta eeasteragh marrey lhiassit lesh ram traieyn currit er caslyssyn-çheerey as cowrit,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fishing in Ireland |publisher=Central and Regional Fisheries Boards |url=http://www.fishinginireland.info |accessdate=2010-03-26 }}</ref> as ta mychione 80 dooieyn dy eeastyn marrey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sea Fishing in Ireland |publisher=Central and Regional Fisheries Boards |url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/sea |accessdate=2010-03-26 }}</ref> === Bee as jough === [[Coadan:Cheese 61 bg 080106.jpg|thumb|left|[[Caashey Gubbeen]], sampleyr jeh aa-anaase ayns jannoo caashey Yernagh]] Ta bee as coagyraght Yernagh goaill cleanaghyn veih ny [[troar]]yn ta lhiassit as ny [[baagh|beiyn]] ta troggit ayns speyr honderagh yn ellan as veih ny coryn sheshoil as politickagh ayns shennaghys Nerin. Myr sampleyr, car yn eash veih ny Mean Eashyn derrey çheet y [[praase|phraase]] 'sy 16-oo eash v'eh ny chowrey smoo jeh tarmaynys Nerin na bochillaght ollee, as va earroo ollee ec peiagh corrym rish y stayd sheshoil echey.<ref name="food_companion" >{{cite book |first1=Alan|last1=Davidson|first2=Tom|last2=Jaine |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Aah yn Ollee|year=2006 |pages=407–408 |isbn=0-19-280681-5 }}</ref> Er yn oyr shen, cha ren bochillyn buitçheraghey baa va troarey bainney.<ref name="food_companion" /> Er yn oyr shen, va feill vuc as feill vane ny smoo cadjin na feill vart, as ta slissagyn roauyr dy vagoon saillit as eeym hailjey nyn droyn sampleyragh jeh'n vee Yernagh veih ny Mean Eashyn.<ref name="food_companion" /> Va aght dy choyrt folley veih ollagh as dy mestey'n fuill lesh bainney as eeym (cosoylaght son y chooid smoo rish ny [[Maasai]]) ry-akin dy mennick<ref>{{cite|title=The History and Social Influence of the Potato|first1=Redcliffe Nathan|last1=Salaman|first2=William Glynn|last2=Burton|first3=John Gregory|last3=Hawkes|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=219|year=1985|page=218-219}}</ref> as ta [[putage ghoo]], ta jeant seose jeh fuill, grine ([[oarn]] son y chooid smoo) as blasstalys, foast ny h-anjeeal undinagh ayns Nerin. Ta dagh fer jeh ny cleanaghyn shen ry-akin ayns y "[[rolley anjeeal]]". Chur çheet stiagh y [[praase|phraase]] ayns lieh jerrinagh y 16-oo eash cleayney mooar er y choagyraght Yernagh veih shen magh. Chur boghtinys mooar creeaght ayns aght croit as 'sy 19-oo eash veanagh va'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobbyl gee bee va jeant seose jeh praaseyn as bainney.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garrow |first=John |title =Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500-1920 |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=95 |pages=160–161 |date=March 2002 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279494/ |accessdate=2010-03-30 |issn=1758-1095 }}</ref> Dee lught thie sampleyragh, va jeant seose jeh fer, ben, as kiare paitçhyn 18 claghyn (110 kg) dy phraaseyn dagh shiaghtyn.<ref name="food_companion" /> Rere shen, ta lhongaghyn ta coontit myr lhongaghyn ashoonagh cur seose neu-ghalaantaght vunneydagh rish coagyraght, lheid as yn [[anvroie Yernagh]], [[bagoon as caayl]], [[bacstaí]] (sorçh dy phannag phraase), ny [[caayl kionnan]], lhongey ta jeant seose jeh [[praaseyn lahnit]] as [[anvroie caayl]] ny [[caayl]].<ref name="food_companion" /> Veih'n cherroo jerrinagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, lesh çheet magh reesht yn argid ayns Nerin, ta "Coagyraght Yernagh Noa" er ny heet magh as ee bunnit er mynayrnyn tradishoonagh agh goaill stiagh cleanaghyn eddyrashoonagh.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ireland for Dummies |first=Elizabeth |last=Albertson |publisher=Wiley Publishing |location=Hoboken, NJ |year=2009 |isbn=0470105720|page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite|title=Ireland|first=Fionn|last=Davenport|publisher=Lonely Planet |place=London|year=2008 |isbn=1741046963|page=65}}</ref> Ta'n choagyraght shen bunnit er glassraghyn oorey, eeastyn ([[braddan]]yn, [[breck|brick]], [[ooastyr]]yn, [[gob doo|gobyn doo]] as eastyn shliggagh elley), myrane lesh arranyn soda tradishoonagh as y reamys lheeadagh jeh caashaghyn laue-jeant ta troarit er feie ny çheerey. Ta'n praase foast ny hro bunneydagh jeh'n choagyraght shen as ta ny Yernee gee y chooid smoo jeh praaseyn rere dooiney<ref name="food_companion" /> mastey eederyn 'syn Oarpey. She sampleyr jeh'n choagyraght shen na "Dublin Lawyer": gimmagh ta aarlit ayns ushtey bea as key.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dublin|first1=Fionn|last1=Davenport|fist2=Martin|last2=Hughes|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Lunnin |year=2006 |isbn=1741047102 |page=15}}</ref> Ta bee ardjynagh tradishoonagh ry-gheddyn er feie ny çheerey, lheid as [[cadal]] ayns Divlyn ny [[drisín]] ayns Corkee, y daa jeu nyn sorçh dy [[pronnag|phronnag]], ny [[blaa]], arran teaystagh bane ta ry-gheddyn ayns [[Purt Largey]]. [[Coadan:Distillerie OldBushmills.jpg|thumb|right|Yn [[Old Bushmills Distillery]], [[Coontae Aontrym]]]] Keayrt va Nerin ny çheer smoo scanshoil son troarey [[ushtey bea]], as va 90% jeh ushtey bea 'sy theihll troarit ayn rish toshiaght y 20-oo eash. Ansherbee, myr eiyrtys jeh ny smuggleyderyn alcoal car y [[Meelowalys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|veelowalys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] (as ushtey vea jeh drogh-whaalid er ny chreck lesh enmyn "Yernagh" orroo as eh shen jeeilley yn foayr cadjin son cowraghyn Yernagh)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture|first=W. J. |last1=McCormack |publisher=Blackwell |location=Aah yn Ollee|year=2001 |isbn=0631165258|page=170 }}</ref> as myr eiyrtys jeh ny [[custym]]yn er ushtey bea Yernagh harrish [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] car y [[Caggey Traghtee Anglo-Yernagh|Chaggey Traghtee Anglo-Yernagh]] ayns ny 1930yn,<ref>{{cite|first1=Brian |last1=Leavy |first2=David |last2=Wilson |title=Strategy and Leadership|publisher=Routledge|location=Lunnin|year=1994|page=63}}</ref> huitt creck jeh ushtey bea Yernagh er feie ny cruinney gys 2% rish mean y 20-oo eash.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Conor |last1=O'Clery|title=Whiskey Resists the Downturn|publisher=GlobalPost|date=25 Toshiaght Arree |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ireland/090225/whiskey-resists-the-downturn |accessdate=2010-04-05 }}</ref> Ayns 1953, rere creear veih'n reiltys Yernagh, v'eh feddynit magh nagh row [[ushtey bea Yernagh]] er fys ec 50% jeh iuderyn ushtey bea ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Jack |last1=Blocker |first2=David |last2=Fahey |first3=Ian|last3=Tyrrell|title=Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|year=2003 |isbn=1576078337|page=653}}</ref> Ansherbee, va iu yn ushtey bea Yernagh foast ennoil ayns Nerin, as ayns ny jeihaghtyn jeianagh, ta'n ushtey bea Yernagh girree ny smoo scanshoil er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="not_luck">{{cite news|title=Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck|date=2009-03-19|first=Christina|last=Berk|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/29636538/Irish_Whiskey_s_Growth_Not_Just_About_Luck|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=2010-04-04|archivedate=2012-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606171645/http://www.cnbc.com/id/29636538/Irish_Whiskey_s_Growth_Not_Just_About_Luck}}</ref> Dy cadjin, cha nel ushtey bea Yernagh cha jaaghagh as [[ushtey bea Albinagh]], agh cha nel eh cha millish as [[ushtey bea Americaanagh]] ny [[ushtey bea Canadagh|Canadagh]].<ref name="not_luck"/> Ta'n ushtey bea ny vun da [[Kay Yernagh|liggooryn kay]], lheid as [[Baileys Irish Cream|Baileys]], as ta'n "[[caffee Yernagh]]" ([[jinlag]] dy chaffee as ushtey bea va cummit, rere rish, ayns [[Faing|stashoon etlan marrey Faing]]) coontit myr y jinlag Yernagh smoo ennoil, foddee. Ta [[Lhune doo|bainney ny baa doo]], sorçh dy lhune doo, as [[Guinness]] er lheh, kianglt rish Nerin dy mennick, agh v'eh kianglt rish [[Lunnin]] dy bunneydagh. Ta bainney ny baa doo foast ennoil ayns Nerin, agh t'eh er choayl e foayr veih mean y 20-oo eash da [[lhune freillagh]]. Ta [[lhune ooyl]], as Bulmers er lheh (t'er ny chreck çheumooie jeh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] myr ''[[Magners]]''), ny yough ennoil chammah. Ta'n jough ghlass [[limonaid yiarg]] iuit lhee hene as myr mesteyder, lesh ushtey bea er lheh.<ref>{{cite|title=Unlike: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases|publisher=Icon Group International|location=San Diego|year=2008|page=516}}</ref> == Jeeagh er neesht == * [[Steatyn Yernagh veih'n vlein 1171]] * [[Rolley ellanyn rheynnit]] * [[Rolley ellanyn Nerin]] * [[Pobblaght Nerin]] * [[Nerin Hwoaie]] == Noteyn == <references group="Note"/> == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn|3}} == Claare lioaragh == {{ToshiaghtImraa|2}} * {{cite book | last = Arnold | first = Bruce | title = Irish Art: A Concise History | publisher = Thames & Hudson | year = 1977 | location = Lunnin | page = 180 | isbn = 0-500-20148-X }} * {{cite book | last = Becker| first = Annette | authorlink = | coauthors = Wang, Wilfried | title = 20th-century Architecture: Ireland | publisher = Prestel | year = 1997 | location = München | page = 198 | isbn = 3-7913-1719-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Collins | first = Neil | coauthors = Cradden, Terry | title = Irish Politics Today | publisher = [[Manchester University Press]] | year = 2001 | location = Manchuin, RU | page = 163 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=081Qopn2zbUC | isbn = 0-71906-174-1 }} * {{Cite book|last=Cullinane|first= J.P.|year=1973|title=Phycology of the south coast of Ireland|publisher= University College Cork}} * {{cite book | last = Dennison | first = Gabriel | coauthors = Ní Fhloinn, Bairbre | title = Traditional Architecture in Ireland | publisher = Environmental Institute, University College Dublin | year = 1994 | location = Divlyn | page = 94 | isbn = 1-898473-09-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Dooney | first = Sean | coauthors = O'Toole, John | title = Irish Government Today | publisher = Gill and Macmillan | year = 1992 | location = Divlyn | page = 247 | url = http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/Ecom/Library3.nsf/CatalogByCategory/86E3F0EC0519FDAF80256AE000373702?OpenDocument | isbn = 0-71711-703-0 | access-date = 2010-04-03 | archive-date = 2006-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060923222323/http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/Ecom/Library3.nsf/CatalogByCategory/86E3F0EC0519FDAF80256AE000373702?OpenDocument | url-status = dead }} * {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Steven G. |title=The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland |year=1921 |publisher=The Irish Publishing Co |location=Nerin |page=768 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YPgEAAAACAAJ |isbn=0-517-06408-1 }} * {{Cite book|last= Fairley|first= J.S.|year= 1975|title=An Irish Beast Book. A Natural History of Ireland's Furred Wildlife|publisher= Blackstaff Press, Beeal Feirshtey|isbn= 85640 090 4}} * {{cite book | last = Foster | first = Robert Fitzroy | authorlink = R. F. Foster (screeudeyr shennaghys) | title = Modern Ireland, 1600-1972 | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 1988 | location = | page = 688 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=h95zAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 | isbn = 0-7139-9010-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Hackney, P. Ed. | title =Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland | publisher =Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University | year = 1992 | location = Beeal Feirshtey| isbn = 0 85 389 4469}} * {{cite Journal | last =Haigh | first =A. | coauthors =Lawton, C. | title =Wild mammals of an Irish urban forest | journal=The Irish Naturalists' Journal | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=395–403 | publisher = I.N.J. Committee | location =Beeal Feirshtey | year =2007 | issn =0021-1311 }} * {{Cite book|last1=Hardy|first1= F.G.|last2= Guiry|first2= M.D.|year= 2006|title=A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland|edition=revised|pages= x + 435|place= Lunnin |publisher= British Phycological Society, available from Koeltz Books, Germany|isbn= 3-906166-35-X}} * {{Cite book | last = Herm | first = Gerhard | year = 2002 | title = The Celts | place = Nerin | publisher = St. Martin's Press | isbn = 0312313438 }} * {{Cite journal|last=Knowles|first= M.C.|year= 1929|title= The Lichens of Ireland|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume=38|pages=179– 434}} * {{Cite book|last=Morton|first= O.|year= 1994|title= Marine Algae of Northern Ireland|publisher= Ulster Museum|isbn= 0 900761 28 8}} * {{Cite journal|last=Morton|first= O.|year= 2003|title= The marine algae macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland|journal=Bulletin Irish biogeog. Society|volume=27|pages=3–164}} * {{Cite book | last = Nunn | first = J.D. | title = Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters | place = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2002 | volume = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | edition = Publication no. 8 }} * {{cite book | last = Ó Cróinín | first = Dáibhí | authorlink = Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title = Prehistoric and Early Ireland | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | location = Aah yn Ollee, RU | page = 1219 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=SJSDj1dDvNUC | isbn = 0-19821-737-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Ó Gráda | first = Cormac | title = A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s | publisher = Manchester University Press | year = 1997 | location = | page = 246 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zVHgO4-nkhkC | isbn = 0-71904-584-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Oppenheimer | first = Stephen | title = Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story | publisher = [[Carroll & Graf]] | year = 2006 | location = York Noa | page = 534 | isbn = 0-78671-890-0 }} * {{Cite book | last = O'Rahilly | first = T. F. | author-link =T. F. O'Rahilly | year = 1947 | title = Early Irish History and Mythology | place = SUA | publisher = Medieval Academy of America}} * {{cite book | last =Scannell | first =Mary J.P. | coauthors =Synnott, Donal M. | title =Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland | publisher =Department of Agriculture & Fisheries | year =1972 | location =Divlyn }} * {{Cite journal|last=Seaward|first= M.R.D.|year= 1984|title=Census Catalogue of Irish Lichens|journal=Glasra|volume=8|pages= 1–32}} * {{cite book | last = Woodcock | first = N.H. | coauthors = Strachan, Robin A. | title = Geological History of Britain and Ireland | publisher = [http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/contents.asp?ref=9780632036561&site=1 Blackwell Publishing] | year = 2000 | location = Hoboken, New Jersey | page = 423 | url = http://books.google.ie/books?id=dTkKn8Ufzd4C | isbn = 0-63203-656-7 }} * {{cite book | last = Wallis | first = Geoff | coauthors = Wilson, Sue | title = The Rough Guide to Irish Music | publisher = [[Rough Guides]] | year = 2001 | location = | page = 599 | isbn = 1-85828-642-5 }} {{JerreyImraa}} == Kianglaghyn mooie == {{commonscat|Ireland (island)|Nerin}} * [http://www.gov.ie/ Reiltys Nerin] * [http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/ Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie] {{Yn Europey}} {{Celtee}} [[Ronney:Nerin| ]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn rheynnit]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Heear]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] t1swo8fd6pcdk18unxce2s7yppvxfox 0 2369 348291 335995 2024-11-13T05:32:47Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kishtey fys boayl | ennym_oikoil_gienneydagh = | ennym_oikoil = Caayr as Coontae Chayr Deeth | ennym = Cayr Deeth | çhengey_ennym_dooghyssagh = Bretnish | ennym_dooghyssagh = Dinas a Sir Caerdydd | çhengey_ennym_elley = Baarle | ennym_elley = City and County of Cardiff | enmys_bunneeaght = | far-ennym = | sorçh_balley = [[Aarheynnyn Vretin|Ard-ard]], [[Stayd caayragh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Caayr]], [[Preeu-valley]] | jarroo-raa = ''"Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn"''<br/><small>''"Leeidee y dragan jiarg y raad"''</small> | jalloo_bun_speyrey = Cardiff_castle_autumn.jpg | mooadys_jalloo = | fo-heidyl_jalloo = Cashtal Chayr Deeth | jalloo_brattagh = | mooadys_brattagh = | jalloo_armys = | kiangley_armys = | mooadys_armys = | jalloo_caslys-çheerey = Cardiff UK location map.svg | mooadys_caslys-çheerey = 250px | jalloo_caslys-çheerey1 = WalesCardiff.png | mooadys_caslys-çheerey1 = 150px | fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = Cayr Deeth ayns Bretyn | sorçh_aarheynn = [[Rolley çheeraghyn y theihill|Çheer]] | ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|the United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} | sorçh_aarheynn1 = [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çheer cho-ayrnagh]] | ennym_aarheynn1 = {{brattagh|Wales|Bretyn}} | sorçh_aarheynn2 = [[Ardjyn Vretin|Coontae Freilt]] | ennym_aarheynn2 = [[De Morgannwg]] | sorçh_aarheynn3 = [[Shenn choondaeghyn Vretin|Shenn choontae]] | ennym_aarheynn3 = [[Morgannwg]] | sorçh_reiltys = [[Lught-reill unnaneagh]] | colught_reirey = [[Coonceil Chaayr as Coontae Chayr Deeth]] | enmys_fer-toshee = Fer toshee ny coonceil | ennym_fer-toshee = [[Rodney Berman]] | enmys_fer-toshee1 = [[Oltey Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|OHAyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee1 = [[Jenny Rathbone]]<br>[[Julie Morgan]]<br>[[Vaughan Gething]]<br>[[Mark Drakeford]] | enmys_fer-toshee2 = [[MP|MPyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee2 = [[Jenny Willott]]<br> [[Jonathan Evans (politickeyr)|Jonathan Evans]]<br>[[Alun Michael]]<br>[[Kevin Brennan (politickeyr)|Kevin Brennan]] | enmys_fer-toshee3 =[[Oltey Ard-whaiyl ny h-Oarpey|OAOyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee3 = [[John Bufton]], [[Jill Evans]], [[Kay Swinburne]], [[Derek Vaughan]] | enmys_bunneeaght1 = Soieaghey | date_bunneeaght1 = Roie-hendeeagh | enmys_bunneeaght2 = Cashtal Romanagh | date_bunneeaght2 = 75 RJC | enmys_bunneeaght3 = Balley coontae | date_bunneeaght3 = 1536 BNJ | enmys_bunneeaght4 = Kaart reeoil | date_bunneeaght4 = 1581<ref name="Cardiffians">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl| kiangley=http://www.cardiffians.co.uk/timeline.html| soilsheyder=Cardiffians| ennym=Cardiff Timeline| datefeddyn=2008-02-29}}</ref> | enmys_bunneeaght5 = Stayd caayragh | date_bunneeaght5 = 1905<ref>{{enmyslioar| sjerree=Beckett| kied=J.V.| ennym=City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002| soilsheyder=Ashgate Publishing Ltd| blein=2005| duillag=2|isbn=9780754650676| kiangley=http://books.google.com/?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC&pg=PP8&lpg=PP1| datefeddyn=2008-10-02}}</ref> | sorçh_slane = Caayr | slane_eaghtyr_km2=6.652 | slane_eaghtyr_mi_ker = | mooadys_eaghtyr =1 E7 | eaghtyr_baljagh_km2 = 140 | eaghtyr_baljagh_mi_ker = | eaghtyr_moir_km2 = | eaghtyr_moir_mi_ker = | earroo_yn_phobble_er = 2007 | slane_earroo_yn_phobble = {{Earroo pobble ard Vretin|POB=00PT}} ({{Earroo pobble ard Vretin|RKP=00PT}}) | earroo_yn_phobble_baljagh = {{WD Population for Infobox}} | earroo_yn_phobble_moir = 841,600 | glooaght_y_phobble_km2 = 4392 | glooaght_y_phobble_mi_ker = | sorçh_deynoaylleeaght1 = [[Kynneeaght]] | fys1_deynoaylleeaght1=91.57% | enmys1_deynoaylleeaght1 = Bane | fys2_deynoaylleeaght1=1.99% | enmys2_deynoaylleeaght1 = meshtit | fys3_deynoaylleeaght1=3.96% | enmys3_deynoaylleeaght1 = Aishanagh | fys4_deynoaylleeaght1=1.28% | enmys4_deynoaylleeaght1 = Gorrym | fys5_deynoaylleeaght1=1.20% | enmys5_deynoaylleeaght1 = elley | fo-noteyn_deynoaylleeaght1 = <ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276879&c=cardiff&d=13&e=13&g=421922&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1317035452769&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 | obbyr = Ethnic Group (UV09) | ennym = Cardiff | soilsheyder = Office for National Statistics | datefeddyn = 2011-09-24}}</ref> | sorçh_deynoaylleeaght2 = Çhengey | fys1_deynoaylleeaght2 = 13% | enmys1_deynoaylleeaght2 = Bretnish | fo-noteyn_deynoaylleeaght2 = <ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276879&c=cardiff&d=13&e=13&g=421922&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1317035543316&enc=1&dsFamilyId=197 | obbyr = Welsh Language Skills (UV84) | ennym = Cardiff | soilsheyder = Office for National Statistics | datefeddyn = 2011-09-20}}</ref> | cryss_hraa = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich]] | ashchur_utc = +0 | cryss_hraa_TTSL = [[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh]] | ashchur_utc_TTSL = +1 | latd=51|latm=29|latNS=N|longd=3|longm=11|longEW=W | sorçh_coor = | taishbyney_coordnaidyn=inline,title | yrjid_m = | sorçh_coad_postagh = Coad postagh | coad_postagh = [[Ard postagh CF|CF3, CF5, CF10, CF11, CF14, CF15, CF23, CF24]] | coad_ardjynagh = 029 | blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] | blank_info = GB-NTL | blank1_name = [[Coad ONS]] | blank1_info = 00PT | blank2_name = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 | blank2_info = UKL22 | blank3_name = [[Corys coadyn cleeah ashoonagh Goaldagh|Coad OS]] | blank3_info = ST181764 | blank4_name = Rheynn-reih [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] | blank4_info = [[Cayr Deeth Heear (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)|Cayr Deeth Heear]], [[Cayr Deeth Hwoaie (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)|Cayr Deeth Hwoaie]], [[Cayr Deeth Yiass as Penarth (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)|Cayr Deeth Yiass as Penarth]], [[Cayr Deeth Veanagh (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)|Cayr Deeth Veanagh]] | blank5_name = Rheynn-reih [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] | blank5_info = [[Cayr Deeth Heear (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)|Cayr Deeth Heear]], [[Cayr Deeth Hwoaie (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)|Cayr Deeth Hwoaie]], [[Cayr Deeth Yiass (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)|Cayr Deeth Yiass]], [[Cayr Deeth Veanagh (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)|Cayr Deeth Veanagh]] | blank6_name = Rheynn-reih [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Oarpey|ny h-Oarpey]] | blank6_info = Bretyn | blank7_name = [[Earroo-chlaare|Earrooyn-chlaare]] | blank7_info = CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CJ, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO | ynnyd-eggey = [http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ www.cardiff.gov.uk] }} Ta '''Cayr Deeth''' ({{lang-cy|Caerdydd}}, {{lang-en|Cardiff}}) ny choontae, ny phreeu-valley as ny valley smoo ayns [[Bretin]]. Ta'n balley soit 'sy çhenn choontae [[Morgannwg]] ayns jiass ny çheerey. Rere staydraa yn choyrle valjagh, va ny smoo na {{WD Population}} cummaltee. T'ad gra dy vel bun yn ennym focklyn çheet er ''Castell ar y Taff'', dy gra myr shen, "Cashtal er y Taff".<ref name=hwo>{{enmyslioar | screeudeyr = Hywel Wyn Owen | ennym = The Place-names of Wales | blein = 1998 | isbn = 0-7083-1458-9}}</ref> == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210201055624/https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Pages/default.aspx Ynnyd-eggey Choonseil Chayr Deeth] {{Ardjyn Vretyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Cayr Deeth| ]] [[Ronney:Preeu-valjyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Caayryn ayns Bretyn]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn Vretyn]] [[Ronney:Morgannwg]] [[Ronney:Puirt ayns Bretyn]] [[Ronney:Ard-ardjyn Vretyn]] [[Ronney:Baljyn coontae ayns Bretyn]] [[Ronney:Rally GB]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns ny 50yn]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltagh bunnit 'sy 1d eash]] 30jksyv05590u27uppbp7uxpwbqot74 0 4082 348277 307845 2024-11-13T01:07:38Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |boayl_ruggyr = [[Skúvoy]], [[Ellanyn ny Geyrragh]] |boayl_baaish = [[Sandvík]], Ellanyn ny Geyrragh }} [[Image:Skuvoy-sigmundarsteinur.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Tomman Sigmundur (er chlee) ayns ruillick keeill [[Skúvoy]]]] Hug '''Sigmundur Brestisson''' (961 &ndash; 1005) y [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] gys [[Ellanyn ny Geyrragh]] 'sy vlein 999. V'eh ruggit ayns 961 ayns [[Skúvoy]], [[Ellanyn ny Geyrragh]]. Hooar eh baase ayns [[Sandvík]] 'sy vlein 1005. Rere tradishoon, ta'n chlagh oaie echey soit ayns ''Sigmundarsteinur'' ayns Skúvoy. Ta crosh grauit er as v'eh ny chooid jeh'n çhenn-cheeill. == Kianglaghyn magh == * [http://www.heimskringla.no/islandsk/sagaer/faereyingasaga/index.php Feniagh-skeeal ''Færeyinga''] * [http://www.faroestamps.fo/index.php?side=db6efa6c9ab07d5f22bc8bfac1a50417#ENGLISH Faroestamps.fo] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brestisson, Sigmundur}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 961]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1005]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Baljaght Skúvoy]] [[Ronney:Faaroee jeh sluight Norlynnagh]] [[Ronney:Sushtallee Chreestee Norlynnagh]] [[Ronney:Sushtallee Chreestee ayns Ellanyn ny Geyrragh]] 6zvg691mkb1g3592e4nm5c2r0efndei 14 4083 348276 278738 2024-11-13T01:06:29Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|961 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 961}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|0961]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 960yn| 1]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 961]] mj4pkesuu31r1anynbekbjks3tqs1u2 0 4739 348284 328430 2024-11-13T01:11:38Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Ree |ennym =Harral Godwinson |ard-ennym =Ree Hostyn |caslys =Harold bayeux tapestry.png{{!}}250px |fo-heidyl =<small>Y Ree Harral ta taishbynit er [[Tapeish Bayeux]]</small> |lhing =5 Jerrey Geuree — 20 Jerrey Fouyir 1066 |roie-immeeaght =[[Edard Feyshtyney]] |eiyrtyssagh =[[Edgar Ætheling]] |reeraghtys =Godwin |sheshey =Ealdgyth |laa_ruggyr =c.1022 |boayl_ruggyr =Wessex, [[Sostyn]] |laa_baaish =14 Jerrey Fouyir 1066 |boayl_baaish =Cah Hastings, Sussex Hiar |jarroo-raa = |}} Va '''Harral Godwinson''' ny yn '''Ree Harral II''' ([[Shenn Vaarle]]: ''Harold Gōdwines sunu''; m. 1022 &ndash; 14 Jerrey Fouyir 1066) ny Ree [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] er feiy traa giare eddyr baase [[Edard Feyshtyney]] as ruegys ny [[Ny Normanee|Normanagh]] as goaill magh pooar da [[Illiam I Hostyn]]. Hooar eh baase ayns [[Cah Hastings]] 'sy vlein 1066. {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harold Godwinson}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1020yn]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1066]] [[Ronney:Blein ruggyree gyn fys]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn Anglo-Loghlynagh]] [[Ronney:Anglo-Hostnee]] [[Ronney:Feallee chaggee Anglo-Hostnagh]] [[Ronney:Anglo-Hostnee va marrooit ayns caggey]] [[Ronney:Eearlaghyn Anglia Hiar]] [[Ronney:Eearlaghyn Herefordshire]] [[Ronney:Eearlaghyn Wessex]] [[Ronney:Sostynee jeh sluight Danvargagh]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Hostynagh]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Godwin]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn va marrooit ayns caggey]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn Hostyn roish 1066]] [[Ronney:Barriaght Normanagh er Sostyn]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Bosham]] {{bun}} 06wvibwx2afg4dqy7nrlop38vopfm6j 14 4740 348283 278858 2024-11-13T01:11:07Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1022 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1022}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|1022]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1020yn| 2]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1022]] 9ikfb8oy76mo4scowvpq6r9itdb81od 0 4940 348281 302134 2024-11-13T01:10:02Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Ree |ennym =Mylecholumb III<br />''(Máel Coluim mac Donnchada)'' |ard-ennym =Ree ny h-Albinee |caslys =Margaret and Malcolm Canmore.jpg{{!}}80px |fo-heidyl =Peintal noa-emshyragh jeh Mylecholumb as e nah ven, Margaid |lhing =1058–1093 |roie-immeeaght =[[Lulach ny hAlbey|Lulach]] |eiyrtyssagh =[[Donaghey III ny hAlbey|Donaghey]] |reeraghtys =Doon Chaillyn |sheshey =[[Ingebjorg Finnsdotter]]<br />[[Margaid Wessex]] |laa_ruggyr =26 Mayrnt 1031 |boayl_ruggyr =[[Nalbin]] |laa_baaish =13 Nollick 1093 |boayl_baaish =[[Alnwick]], [[Northumberland]], [[Sostyn]] |jarroo-raa = |}} Va '''Mylecholumb III''' ({{lang-gd|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada}}, Gaelg Albinagh noa-emshyragh: ''Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh'', {{lang-en|Malcolm III}}) (c. [[1031]] - [[13 Mee ny Nollick]] [[1093]]) ny Ree [[Nalbin|Albinagh]] v'ayns stiureydys ny h-Albinee veih 1058 derrey 1093. Hooar eh baase ayns [[Cah Alnwick]] 'sy vlein [[1093]] {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mylecholumb 3}} [[Ronney:Reeghyn as benreinyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Dùn Chailleann]] [[Ronney:Gaeil vean-eashagh]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1031]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Alnwick]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1093]] {{bun}} kai6i4bewkp7eljsbn9tkxfxivbegqo 348282 348281 2024-11-13T01:10:34Z MacTire02 219 goaill magh kianglaghyn date 348282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Ree |ennym =Mylecholumb III<br />''(Máel Coluim mac Donnchada)'' |ard-ennym =Ree ny h-Albinee |caslys =Margaret and Malcolm Canmore.jpg{{!}}80px |fo-heidyl =Peintal noa-emshyragh jeh Mylecholumb as e nah ven, Margaid |lhing =1058–1093 |roie-immeeaght =[[Lulach ny hAlbey|Lulach]] |eiyrtyssagh =[[Donaghey III ny hAlbey|Donaghey]] |reeraghtys =Doon Chaillyn |sheshey =[[Ingebjorg Finnsdotter]]<br />[[Margaid Wessex]] |laa_ruggyr =26 Mayrnt 1031 |boayl_ruggyr =[[Nalbin]] |laa_baaish =13 Nollick 1093 |boayl_baaish =[[Alnwick]], [[Northumberland]], [[Sostyn]] |jarroo-raa = |}} Va '''Mylecholumb III''' ({{lang-gd|Máel Coluim mac Donnchada}}, Gaelg Albinagh noa-emshyragh: ''Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh'', {{lang-en|Malcolm III}}) (c. 1031 &ndash; 13 Mee ny Nollick 1093) ny Ree [[Nalbin|Albinagh]] v'ayns stiureydys ny h-Albinee veih 1058 derrey 1093. Hooar eh baase ayns [[Cah Alnwick]] 'sy vlein 1093. {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mylecholumb 3}} [[Ronney:Reeghyn as benreinyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Dùn Chailleann]] [[Ronney:Gaeil vean-eashagh]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1031]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Alnwick]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1093]] {{bun}} 89m095fkczpmotnudjfc4cysikv663r 14 4944 348280 278808 2024-11-13T01:09:35Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1031 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1031}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|1031]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1030yn| 1]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1031]] 5g33znnp09he0ns3sib2r1m5jy81zx8 0 13383 348289 328837 2024-11-13T01:15:59Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Ree |ennym =Hugh de Lacy |ard-ennym =Çhiarn ny Mee |caslys = |fo-heidyl = |lhing = |roie-immeeaght =[[Tighearnán Ó Ruairc]] |eiyrtyssagh =[[Walter de Lacy]] |reeraghtys =[[De Lacy]] |sheshey = |laa_ruggyr =m. [[1138]] |boayl_ruggyr =[[Ewyas Lacy]], [[Sostyn]] |laa_baaish =[[25 Jerrey Souree]] [[1186]] |boayl_baaish =[[Darú, Coontae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Queiggey Lion]], [[Nerin]] |jarroo-raa = |}} By hiarn er Coontae ny Mee eh '''Hugh de Lacy, Çhiarn ny Mee''' (m. 1138<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.geneajourney.com/lacy.html | title = Lacy of Ireland, and Herefordshire, England | accessdate = 20 Mean Souree 2010 | language = Baarle | soilsheyder = GeneaJourney | archive-date = 2010-03-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100317184315/http://www.geneajourney.com/lacy.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> - 25 Jerrey Souree 1186). Rug eh ayns [[Ewyas Lacy]] ayns [[Gloucestershire]], [[Sostyn]] mygeayrt ny bleeaney 1138. Va thallooyn [[Reeriaght y Vee]] bronnit er liorish y [[Inry II Hostyn|Ree Inry II Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 1172. V'eh marrooit 'sy vlein 1186 ayns [[Darú, Coontae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[yn Tullagh Vooar]]. Ec y toshiaght v'eh oanluckit ayns [[Mannishter Gharú]], agh 'sy vlein 1195 v'eh jee-oanluckit as va'n corp echey oanluckit ayns [[Mannishter Veigthigh]] as va'n kione echey shiaullit gys Mannishter Noo Thomase, [[Divlyn]]. Va'n slane corp oanluckit ayns 1205 ayns Mannishter Noo Thomase. == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lacy, Hugh De, Chiarn ny Mee}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1130yn]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1186]] [[Ronney:Anglo-Normanee]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin]] [[Ronney:Lught ooasle Nerin]] slul9yy73vv0teh7l1bhf4bcdr0waaj 0 19147 348279 306749 2024-11-13T01:08:53Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Ree |ennym =Davy I<br />''(Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim)'' |ard-ennym =Ree ny h-Albinee |caslys =DavidIofScotland.jpg{{!}}120px |fo-heidyl = |lhing =Averil ny Boaldyn 1124 &mdash; 24 Boaldyn 1153 |roie-immeeaght =[[Alistair I ny h-Albey|Alistair]] |eiyrtyssagh =[[Mylecholumb IV ny h-Albey]] |reeraghtys =Doon Chaillyn |sheshey =[[Maud, Ben Eearley Huntingdon]] |laa_ruggyr =1084 |boayl_ruggyr =[[Nalbin]] |laa_baaish =24 Boaldyn 1153 |boayl_baaish =[[Carlisle]] |jarroo-raa = |}} She fer reiree 'sy 12oo eash va '''Davy I''' ([[Yernish Veanagh|Gaelg Vean-eashagh]]: ''Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim''; {{lang-gd|Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim}}; 1084 – 24 Boaldyn 1153). V'eh ny [[Flah ny Cumbriee|Lah er ny Cumbriee]] (1113-1124), ny Eearley er Northampton as Huntingdon as, ny s'anmey, ny [[Rolley reeaghyn as benreinyn ny h-Albey|Ree er ny h-Albinee]] (1124-1153). V'eh ny vac saa jeh [[Mylecholumb III ny h-Albey]] as [[Margaid Wessex]]. Cheau eh e vleeantyn beggey ayns Nalbin agh, lurg baase e phaarantyn ayns 1093, v'eh ceaut magh er eebyrtys fo laueyn e naim as y Ree noa, [[Donal III ny h-Albey]]. {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davy 1}} [[Ronney:Davy I ny h-Albey| ]] [[Ronney:Reeghyn as benreinyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Gaeil vean-eashagh]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1084]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1153]] [[Ronney:Nooghyn Albinagh]] {{bun}} kbjx9xn4e5mz21ui7mxnywxo902oar4 0 20265 348296 341676 2024-11-13T09:46:22Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Winnie the Pooh'' (fillym 2011)}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Fillym | jalloo = Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) logo.svg | aghteyryn = [[Jim Cummings]]<br />Jack Boulter<br />[[Travis Oates]]<br />[[Bud Luckey]]<br />[[Tom Kenny]]<br />[[Craig Ferguson]]<br />[[Kristen Anderson-Lopez]]<br />Wyatt Dean Hall<br />[[Huell Howser]] | skeaylley = 6 Averil 2011 (Y Velg)<br />15 Jerrey Souree 2011 (Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) | traa_roie = 63 minnidyn | bushaid = $30 millioonyn<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|title=Winnie the Pooh|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=winniethepooh.htm|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=14 Sauin2011}}</ref> | çheet_stiagh = $50.1 millioonyn<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|title=Winnie the Pooh (2011) - Financial Information|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|work=[[The Numbers (ynnyd-eggey)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=18 Boaldyn 2016|archive-date=2011-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108115956/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} She [[fillym aittys]] [[fillym contoyrtys|contoyrtys]] [[fillym kiaullee|kiaullee]] [[fillym bioghit|bioghit]] Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2011 eh '''''Winnie the Pooh'''''. Va'n fillym gientit liorish [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] as skeayllit magh liorish [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Y [[Rolley filmyn lesh Walt Disney Animation Studios|51d ard-fillym bioghit Disney]], t'eh bunnit er [[Winnie-the-Pooh (lioar)|y straih noaskeeal fo'n ennym cheddin]] liorish [[A. A. Milne]] as daahit liorish [[E. H. Shepard]]. V'eh stiurit ec [[Stephen Anderson (ellyneyr)|Stephen J. Anderson]] as [[Don Hall (jeantagh scannane)|Don Hall]], gientit ec [[Peter Del Vecho]] as [[Clark Spencer]], as inshit ec [[John Cleese]].<ref name="MovieWeb">{{cite news|last=Orange|first=Alan|title=Winnie the Pooh Trailer and Photos|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/winnie-the-pooh-trailer-and-photos|accessdate=31 Boaldyn 2011|newspaper=MovieWeb|date=11 Sauin 2010|archivedate=2011-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215080033/http://www.movieweb.com/news/winnie-the-pooh-trailer-and-photos}}</ref><ref name="LatinoReview">{{cite news|last=Patta|first=Gig|title=Poster for Winnie the Pooh Animated Movie|url=http://www.latinoreview.com/news/poster-for-winnie-the-pooh-animated-movie-12738|accessdate=31 Boaldyn 2011|newspaper=Latino Review|date=25 Toshiaght Arree 2011}}</ref> Ren Anderson as Hall screeu y skeeal marish [[Brian Kesinger]], Clio Chiang, Don Dougherty, Kendelle Hoyer, Nicole Mitchell, as Jeremy Spears. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Filmyn 2011]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 'sy Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bioghit 2011]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bioghit Americaanagh veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys fansee veih ny 2010]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys kiaullee veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bioghit paitçhyn veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn caarjys Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn fansee bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Americaanagh marish jantys bio as bioghys]] [[Ronney:Filmyn kiaullee bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys fansee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys kiaullee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn caarjys bioghit]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Winnie-the-Pooh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Walt Disney Animation Studios]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bioghit Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys 2011]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Americaanagh]] dflztcgqmepub5p4ql96jplmimmlc6t 14 21210 348285 301964 2024-11-13T01:13:26Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1194 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1194}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|1194]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1190yn| 4]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1194]] j5jg0hhiod4k3c7r7v1maqzsshu3pua 14 21211 348278 301965 2024-11-13T01:08:18Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1084 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1084}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|1084]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1080yn| 4]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1084]] sop0jxwjht9eml9kjlyb4d1ke3wigq5 0 22268 348292 304188 2024-11-13T06:50:12Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Coadan:Pigalle_shop_1.jpg|right|thumb|Shapp ayns Paarys ta creck fo-eaddeeyn ben]] Ta '''fo-eaddagh ben''' çheet er ronney eaddeeyn ben ta goaill stiagh [[fo-gharmad]]yn ([[coodagh keeagh|coodee cheeagh]] son y chooid smoo), [[eaddagh oie|eaddeeyn oie]], as gooynyn eddrymey. Ta fo-eaddagh ben jeant ass eaddagh eddrym, sheeyney, meein, glen, ny jesheenagh, lheid as [[sheeidey]], [[stroll]], [[Lycra]], [[charmeuse]], [[shiffon (eaddagh)|shiffon]], [[lieen (eaddagh)|lieen]], ny [[laatçhey]]. Foddee ny h-eaddeeyn ve jeant ass frauaigyn najooragh lheid as sheeidey ny [[cadee]]; ny ass frauaigyn taahit lheid as [[polyester]] ny [[neelane]]. ==Typ-oaylleeaght== [[Coadan:Lingerie.jpg|right|thumb|Fo-eaddagh ben er nyn daishbyney er mannakeenyn]] [[Coadan:A_(8324927127).jpg|right|thumb|Ben ta ceau [[corsaid]] as [[saineen (fo-eaddagh)|saineen]]]] * '''[[Bascagh (eaddeeyn)|Bascagh]]''' - bouin ny cooat çhionn ta towshit da'n chorp. * '''[[Bloomeryn]]''' - fo-eaddagh poagagh ta sheeyney dys, ny beggan ny s'inshley na, yn ghlioon. Va bloomeryn goll er ceau harrish ram jeihaghtyn car y chied lieh jeh'n 20oo eash, agh cha nel ad ceaut dy mennick jiu. * '''[[Bouin (eaddeeyn)|Bouin]]''' - fo-eaddeeyn ta coodaghey yn corp voish y wannal dys y wouin. Ta bouinyn giarrit dy giare ec yn oaie as dy h-ard ec y chooyl, as t'ad kianglt dy mennick liorish laatçhyn ny dooanyn. Foddee bouinyn ve aaniartit liorish staillin ny craue son ny keeaghyn y chummal seose. * '''[[Bustier]]''' - garmad corp-howshit ta ceaut son ny keeaghyn y hroggal seose as y wouin y chraishtey. * '''[[Cammee]]''' - garmad gyn vuinneel ta coodaghey yn chooid ard jeh'n chorp. Ta cammeeyn jeant ass stoo eddrym as t'ad goaill stiagh "[[yeeallyn spaghetti]]". * '''[[Cammee-hroosyn]]''' - fo-gharmad ta gollrish cullee snaue un-pheeshagh er shilley er-yn-oyr nagh vel muinneelyn echey as, keayrtyn, nagh vel yeeallyn echey. * '''[[Çhionneyder bouin]]''' - garmad ta filley mygeayrt y wouin gollrish corsaid agh nagh vel coodaghey ny keeaghyn. * '''[[Coodagh keeagh]]''' - garmad çhionn-towshit ta ceaut son ny keeaghyn y hroggal as y chummal seose. * '''[[Corsaid]]''' - bouin ta ceaut son y challin dy chummey as dy chraishtey. Ta'n eiyrtys shen feddynit liorish [[craue (corsaidaght)|craueyn]], foddee ad ve jeant ass plastagh ny staillin. * '''[[Corsaideen]]''' - garmad ta cur ry-cheilley yn coodagh keeagh as y chryss. Ta'n corsaideen coontit myr sorçh dy [[bun-gharmad|vun-gharmad]] as ta'n corsaideen noa-emshyragh goll er enney ny s'menkey myr fo-ghooyn craishtey. * '''[[Cryss (fo-eaddagh)|Cryss]]''' - sorçh dy vun-gharmad. Ayns ny shen laaghyn, va'n chryss sheeyney voish y wouin dys y cleeasid, agh ta modyn noa-emshyragh feer chosoylagh rish breeçhyn cuttagh roortagh. * '''[[Cryss-ghlioon]]''' - cryss ta ymmydit son [[oashyr]]yn y chummal seose. * '''[[Fo-gharmad]]''' - garmad ta ceaut fo eaddeeyn elley. * '''[[Fo-hroosyn ben|Fo-hroosyn]]''' - fockle keintagh da fo-eaddagh ta coodaghey ny commyssyn as, keayrtyn, y thoyn. T'ad ry-gheddyn ayns ram sorçhyn, cummaghyn, eaddeeyn, daaghyn, mooadyn as modyn. * '''[[Gooyn babban]]''' - gooyn oie giare, ny gooyn eddrym, ta kiarit myr eaddeeyn oie da mraane. She mod ny s'girrey t'echey, as dy mennick t'eh ceaut marish fo-hroosyn. Ta gooynyn babban beggan mooar er towshan marish [[gruaie impiroil]] as yeeallyn keyley. * '''[[Gooyn eddrym]]''' - gooyn coamree. Ny s'menkey, t'ee sheeyney dys y laare, agh foddee ad sheeyney dys ny glioonyn. Neughollrish gooynyn oie, ta gooynyn eddrymey jeant ass eaddeeyn glenney. * '''[[Gooyn oie]]''' - garmad oie croghee ta mooar er towshan, foddee ad sheeyney dys ny lheshyn (gooynyn babban) ny dys y laare (peignoir). * '''[[Lheiney oie]]''' - lheiney ta ceaut tra ta'n ceaueyder cadley. T'eh ny s'liurey as ny smoo er towshan na'n T-lheiney sampleyragh as dy mennick t'eh jeant ass eaddagh ny s'buiggey. * '''[[Myn-choodagh keeagh]]''' - baare ta cosoylagh rish coodagh keeagh er shilley agh gyn fo-snaieyn yiarn as gyn ablid troggal ny cummal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lingerie Terminology and Definitions - With Pictures |url=https://www.evasintimates.com/blog/lingerie-terminology/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Eva's Intimates |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302125323/https://www.evasintimates.com/blog/lingerie-terminology/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''[[Oanrey]]''' - fo-rumbyl. Va oanraghyn feer chadjin eddyr y 16oo as y 20oo eash. Jiu, t'ad ceaut son laneid y chur rish rumbyllyn 'sy fo-chultooryn [[Fassan Gothagh|Gothagh]] as [[Fassan Lolita|Lolita]]. * '''[[Oashyr kirpey]]''' - oashyraght ta ceaut er y challin, ny foddee ad ve ceaut er ny slhieeasidyn as er y volg. * '''[[Oashyraght]]''' - garmadyn lastagh corp-howshit ta coodaghey ny cassyn, lheid as oashyryn ny mynoashyryn laatçhey. * '''[[Saineen (fo-eaddagh)|Saineen]]''' - sorçh dy fo-hroosyn t'er enney liorish peesh veg d'eaddagh ta goll eddyr ny curpyn as ta kianglt rish boandey ta goll mygeayrt ny lheshyn. Foddee ad ve ceaut myr eaddagh snaue ny myr fo-eaddagh. * '''[[Smock]]''' - fo-gharmad un-pheesh ta gollrish gooyn neu-whuinneelagh. T'eh cosoylagh rish y ghooyn babban, agh t'eh toshit my s'girrey da ny lheshyn. ==Fockleyreen== {{fockleyreen fo-eaddagh}} ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Claare lioaragh== * Carter, Alison J. (1992). ''Underwear: the fashion history''. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-6222-1 * Cox, Caroline (2000). ''Lingerie: a lexicon of style''. Scriptum Editions. ISBN 1-902686-08-X ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat|Lingerie|Fo-eaddagh ben}} {{Fo-eaddagh ben}} {{eaddeeyn}} [[Ronney:Fo-eaddagh ben| ]] [[Ronney:Fo-eaddagh|Ben]] [[Ronney:Eaddeeyn ben]] 7qt0fvldpuolfcvy6hxtbmxdpugv7c4 0 24916 348295 344147 2024-11-13T09:29:19Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Stoya 2014.jpg | enmyn_elley = Stoya Doll | boayl_ruggyr = [[Wilmington, Carolina Hwoaie|Wilmington]], [[Carolina Hwoaie]], SUA | ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] | towshan = 34D-25-34 | trimmid = 57 kg (125 lb) | yrjid = 1.70 m (5' 7") }} She [[aghteyr pornograafagh|ben-aghteyr pornograafagh]], [[aghteyr fillym|ben-aghteyr fillym]], [[craishteyder an-ghraagh]], as screeudeyr Americaanagh ee '''Stoya''' (ruggit ayns [[Wilmington, Carolina Hwoaie|Wilmington]], [[Carolina Hwoaie]], er 15 Mean Souree 1986). Hoshee ee gobbraghey 'sy çhynskyl pornograafagh ayns 2007. Chammah's yn obbyr eck 'sy phornograafaght, ta Stoya er ny chloie 'sy straih hellveeish fansee lesbagh ''[[Dagger Kiss]]'' (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://divinemagazine.net/a-lesbian-lord-of-the-rings-makes-its-debut-on-valentines-day/|title=A lesbian 'Lord of the Rings' makes its debut on Valentine's Day|website=divinemagazine.net|accessdate=27 Toshiaght Arree 2016|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307095720/http://divinemagazine.net/a-lesbian-lord-of-the-rings-makes-its-debut-on-valentines-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref> chammah as 'sy fillym [[far-skeealaght heanse]] Serbagh ''[[A.I. Rising]]'' (2018).<ref>{{cite news |title="A.I. Rising" Android in Love |url=https://acedmagazine.com/a-i-rising-android-in-love/ |accessdate=24 Jerrey Souree 2020 |work=ACED Magazine |date=11 Mayrnt 2019}}</ref> Ta Stoya screeu colloonyn dy mennick son ''[[Slate (earishlioar)|Slate]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Do It|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/how-to-do-it|accessdate=2020-07-08|website=Slate|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Vice (earishlioar)|Vice]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/author/Stoya |title=Articles by Stoya|magazine=[[Vice (earishlioar)|Vice]]}}</ref> as ''[[The Verge]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/18/8994541/stoya-sex-advice-column-7-18-15 |title=Please meet our new sex columnist, Stoya |author=Stoya |publisher=Vox Media |work=The Verge |date= 18 Jerrey Souree 2015 |accessdate=3 Nollick 2015}}</ref> myrane lesh colloon coyrlee keintys son ''[[Refinery29]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.refinery29.com/2014/01/61597/stoya-sex-advice |title=The BEST Sex Advice, Courtesy Of Stoya |author=Stoya |date=31 Jerrey Geuree 2014}}</ref> T'ee er ny hoilshaghey peeshyn ayns ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="Stoya 2018a">{{cite news |author=Stoya |authorlink=Stoya |title=Can There Be Good Porn? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/04/opinion/stoya-good-porn.html |date=4 Mayrnt 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=5 Mayrnt 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Stoya 2018b">{{cite news |author=Stoya |title=What Is Porn? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/16/opinion/porn.html |date=16 Mayrnt 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=5 Mayrnt 2019 }}</ref> ''[[New Statesman]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/2015/05/what-porn-actors-don-t-talk-about |title=What porn actors don't talk about|author=Stoya|date=1 Mean Souree 2015|work=New Statesman}}</ref> ''[[Esquire (earishlioar)|Esquire]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/culture/masters-of-sex-stoya |title=10 Things Stoya Learned from ''Masters of Sex''|author=Stoya|date=4 Sauin 2013|publisher=Esquire}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/16/stoya-measureb-porn-condoms-la|title=Making porn actors wear condoms is not the best way to protect us|date=16 Sauin 2012|work=The Guardian|accessdate=28 Jerrey Souree 2017|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ''[[Nylon (earishlioar)|Nylon]]'', ''[[Playboy]]'', as ''[[XCritic]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avn.com/performer/articles/29750.html |title=XCritic.com Hosts Stoya Contest|author=Peter Warren|date=21 Averil 2008|publisher=[[AVN (earishlioar)|Adult Video News]]|accessdate=24 Sauin 2008}}</ref> chammah as art ayns ''[[Porn Studies]],'' jurnyl acadoil scrutee.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stoya|title=Feminism and the mainstream|publisher=[[Porn Studies]]|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=201–202|doi=10.1080/23268743.2014.888256|date=Jerrey Geuree 2014}}</ref> Hoilshee ee magh e chied lioar ayns 2018, fo'n enmys ''Philosophy, Pussycats, and Porn,'' çhaglym d'eabyn persoonagh as cremeydagh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/28/stoya-philosophy-pussycats-porn-interview|title=Stoya: 'I thought female sexuality was an OK thing?'|last=Reith|first=James|date=2018-06-28|website=The Guardian|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jezebel.com/stoya-is-over-talking-about-feminist-porn-1826771529|title=Stoya Is 'Over' Talking About Feminist Porn|last=Clark-Flory|first=Tracy|work=Jezebel|accessdate=2018-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Stoya|date=25 Mean Souree 2018|title=Philosophy, Pussycats, & Porn|url=https://www.notacult.media/books/pussycats |publisher=Not A Cult|isbn=978-1945649219}}</ref> Goaill toshiaght lesh e colloon ass 29 Mean Souree 2021 ayns ''Slate'' - "How to Do It" — hoshee ee goaill ymmyd jeh'n far-ennym "Jessica Stoya" ayn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/author/stoya|title=Jessica Stoya|website=Slate|language=en|accessdate=2021-07-09}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{official website}} * {{IMDb name|2851882}} * {{IAFD ennym|gender=f|id=Stoya}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1986]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn pornograafagh bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Serbagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn blog bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Colloonee woirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Serbagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Wilmington, Carolina Hwoaie]] kery7c1g7zhs6h0v3hsqnpowu5kidet 0 26512 348294 344944 2024-11-13T08:58:32Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Jõgeva]], yn Estaan | yrjid = 1.76 m (5' 9.5") }} She [[skyrrey bieauid|skyrreyder bieauid]] Estaanagh ee '''Saskia Alusalu''' (ruggit er 14 Averil 1994<ref>{{cite web|title=ALUSALU, SASKIA|url=http://www.esbl.ee/biograafia/Saskia_Alusalu|publisher=esbl.ee|accessdate=13 Toshiaght Arree 2018}}</ref>). Hass Alusalu er son yn Estaan ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Gheuree, 2018]], ayns [[Pyeongchang]], y Chorea Yiass. Chossyn ee y troar share eck tra haink ee stiagh 'sy 4oo ynnyd 'sy toshiaght vooar ec Cappan y Theihill 2017/2018 ayns [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]]. Roie ee magh 'sy toshiaght dy leah as vrish ee magh ass y vagher derrey ren tree roortee elley mygeayrt y chosneyder [[Claudia Pechstein]] freill urree as berraghtyn urree.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pechstein (GER) leaves pack trailing while Giovannini also exploits indecisive pack|url=https://www.isu.org/inside-speed-skating/other-ss/news-ss/11792-pechstein-takes-ladies-mass-start-gold?templateParam=15|accessdate=9 Mean Fouyir 2021|archive-date=2022-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214220525/https://www.isu.org/inside-speed-skating/other-ss/news-ss/11792-pechstein-takes-ladies-mass-start-gold?templateParam=15|url-status=dead}}</ref> She Alusalu va ymmyrkagh brattagh yn Estaan ec Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Gheuree ayns 2018. Ayns Luanistyn 2021, ren ee fogrey magh dy row ee irree ass e coorse bea myr skyrreyder bieauid as dy bee ee jeeraghey er e bea phersoonagh. Chammah's ny studeyryssyn ren ee ayns studeyryssyn lheeys neughruggagh ec [[Ollooscoill Tartu]], t'ee er ny gheddyn diploam greinnee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saskia Alusalu stopt met schaatsen: 'Lichaam is op breekpunt beland'|url=https://www.schaatsen.nl/nieuws/2021/augustus/saskia-alusalu-hangt-schaatsen-aan-de-wilgen/|accessdate=9 Mean Souree 2021}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alusalu, Saskia}} [[Ronney:Skyrreyderyn bieauid Olympagh yn Estaan]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1994]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Skyrreyderyn bieauid bwoirrin Estaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Jõgeva]] 9q0sdvuj5omj5sy9al4xn8mlvv1rgu2 0 31121 348288 328213 2024-11-13T01:15:19Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Saladin coin obverse.jpg | fo-heidyl = [[Dirham]] ayns ennynm Saladin (screeunyn: "Ree yn Varriaght, Cairys y Theihll as y Chredjue, Yusuf ibn Ayyub"). S'liklee dy nee mwyllin argid [[Mayyafariqin]] ren eh, veih'n date 1215.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balog |title=The Coinage of the Ayyubids |date=1980 |publisher=Royal Numismatic Society |location=London |page=Coin 182}}, jeeagh er Whelan Type III, 258-60; Albym 791.4 chammah</ref> Va cooinaghyn cosoylagh bwoailt car bea Saladin.<ref>Son cooiney cosoylagh ec y Thie Tashtee Goaldagh va bwoailt ayns AH 586/1190 BNJ: {{cite web |title=Saladin coin British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1865-0804-40-X |website=www.britishmuseum.org |language=en}}, as fer elley va bwoailt ayns 1190: [[Coadan:Saladin 1190 mint of Mayyafariqin.jpg|20px]]. Neesht, jeeagh-shiu er [https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=5085&lot=548], [https://www.coinarchives.com/w/lotviewer.php?LotID=6582815&AucID=7626&Lot=1243&Val=d89ed4f58f834cadef373b4bbd223b6a]</ref> She cowrey aahoiagh da Saladin va'n coodagh king ''[[sharbush]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lesley Baker |first1=Patricia |title=A History of Islamic Court Dress in the Middle East |date=1988 |publisher=SOAS, Ollooscoill Lunnin |page=119 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33676/1/11010439.pdf |quote=By the end of the 12th century, the wearing of the [[sharbush]] demonstrated support for Salah al-Din. Under the later Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and Syria it formed part of the [[khil'a]] given to an amir on his investiture. }}</ref> | ennym_ruggyr = Yusuf ibn Ayyub | date_ruggyr = {{circa|1137}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Tikrit]], [[Mesopotamia Heose]], [[Kaylifaght Abbasagh]] | date_baaish = 4 Mayrnt 1193 (55–56 bleeaney d'eash) | boayl_baaish = [[Yn Damask|Y Damask]], [[Yn Teer (ard)|y Teer]], [[Sultanaght Ayyubagh]] }} '''Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub'''{{efn|{{lang-ar|صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb''; slane ennym: '''al-Malik al-Nāṣir Abūʾl-Muẓaffar Yūsūf ibn Ayyūb'''{{Sfn|Richards|1995|p=910}}}} ({{Circa| 1137}} – 4 Mayrnt 1193), ta enmyssit '''Saladin''' ny s'menkey,{{efn|She aagherrid jeh'n ''[[laqab]]'' Arabagh {{lang-ar|صلاح الدین}} romanit myr: Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn, let. 'Onnor y Chredjue'.{{sfn|Lane-Poole|1906|p=6}} eh Saladin.}} she bunneyder y [[reeraghtys Ayyubidagh]] v'eh. Haink eh veih mooinjer [[Kurdee|Kurdagh]], as v'eh ny chied [[sultan|hultan]] er [[Yn Egypt ayns ny Mean Eashyn#Yn Eash Ayyubidagh|yn Egypt]] as [[Yn Teer (ard)|y Teer]]. She peiagh scanshoil v'eh car y [[Yn Trass Croshaid|Trass Croshaid]], hass eh ec kione yn eiyrtys caggee Moslymagh noi [[steatyn ny Croshaidee]] 'sy [[Yn Levaant|Levaant]]. Ec mullagh e phooar, heeyn y reamys Ayyubidagh magh harrish yn Egypt, y Teer, [[Mesopotamia Heose]], [[Hejaz]], [[yn Arabaght Yiass|y Yeaman]], as [[Nubia]]. Cur liorish e naim [[Shirkuh]], gineraal 'sy [[reeraghtys Zengidagh]], va Saladin currit da'n [[Kaylifaght Atimidagh|Egypt Atimidagh]] ayns 1164, rere saragheyn y reireyder Zengidagh [[Nur ad-Din (1118–1174)|Nur ad-Din]]. V'ad currit ayn dy chur cooney rish aachouyr [[Shawar]] myr [[Viseer (y Chaylifaght Atimidagh)|viseer]] da'n chaylif jeigeyr Fatimidagh [[al-Adid]]. Haghyr streeu pooar eddyr Shirkuh as Shawar tra va Shawar aacurrit stiagh. Ren Saladin, ec y traa cheddin, irree seose rhenkyn y reiltys Fatimidagh kyndagh rish e varriaghtyn as eh caggey noi soiaghyn Croshaidagh chammah as rish e chaarjys persoonagh lesh al-Adid. Lurg dunverys Shawar as baase Shirkuh ayns 1169, ren al-Adid pointeil Saladin myr viseer. Car e reill, hoshee Saladin, [[Islam Sunni|Moslymagh Sunni]], cleiy fo'n reiltys Fatimidagh; lurg baase al-Adid ayns 1171, scryss eh yn Chaylifaght Atimidagh [[Islam Shia|Voslymagh Shia]] [[Ismailaght|Ismailagh]] va bunnit ayns [[Cairo]], as ren eh aayeeraghey yn Egypt rish y [[Yn Chaylifaght Abbasidagh|Chaylifaght Abbasidagh]] va bunnit ayns [[Baghdad]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn eiyrtyssagh, stiur eh soiaghyn noi ny Croshaidee 'sy [[Yn Phalasteen (ard)|Phalasteen]], ren eh commishooney yn varriaght rahoil er y Yeaman, as va'n varriaght echey noi irreeyn-magh er son ny Fatimidyn 'syn Egypt. Tammylt beg lurg baase Nur ad-Din ayns 1174, ren Saladin launshey e ruegys er y Teer as hie eh stiagh 'sy [[Yn Damask|Damask]] er aghin e chiannoort. Roish 1175 meanagh, va [[Hama]] as [[Homs]] er nyn ruegey ec Saladin, tayrn noidys veih çhiarnyn Zengidagh elley, reireyderyn oikoil ny prinsaghtyn 'sy Teer; lurg shen, chur eh ny Zengidyn fo haart ec [[Cah Cayrnyn Hama]] ayns 1175, as v'eh fogrit magh myr '[[Sultan yn Egypt|Sultan yn Egypt as y Teer]]' liorish y chaylif Abbasidagh [[al-Mustadi]]. Ren Saladin launshey ruegyssyn as barriaghtyn s'odjey ayns twoaie yn Teer as Mesopotamia Heose, ren eh scapail veih daa eab er e heihll liorish [[Oardyr ny h-Assassinee|Assassinee]], roish my ren eh çheet er ash dys yn Egypt ayns 1177. Roish 1182, va'n Teer Islamagh slane goit ec Saladin tra ghow eh greim er [[Aleppo]], agh cha row eh jargal greim y ghoaill er y doon Zengidagh [[Mosul]]. Fo stiurey Saladin, chur yn armee Ayyubidagh ny Croshaidee fo haart ec [[Cah Hattin]] ayns 1187, as ghow ad greim er [[Jerusalem]] as chur ad çhiarnys caggee Mosylmagh er-ash 'sy Levaant. Ga dy row [[Reeriaght Jerusalem]] foast er mayrn derrey yn 13oo eash yeianagh, she boayl cassee va'n traartys ayns 1187 ayns faghtyssyn caggee Chreestee noi ny Moslymee 'syn ard shen. Hooar Saladin baase ayns 1193, erreish da chur eh yn chooid smoo jeh'n verçhys echey da e heyraanee; t'eh oanluckit ayns [[Tomman Mooar Saladin|tomman mooar]] faggys da'n [[Yn Mosk Umayyadagh|Vosk Umayyadagh]]. Ta ard-ghoo ec Saladin 'sy [[cultoor Islamagh|chultoor Moslymagh]], chammah as ayns cultooryn ny [[cultoor Kurdagh|Kurdee]], ny [[Cultoor Turkagh|Turkee]], as ny [[Cultoor Arabagh|h-Arabee]]. T'eh currit sheese myr y Kurdagh smoo ennoil v'ayn rieau er-dy-henney. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== ===Symnaghyn=== {{Reflist}} ===Farraneyn=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Lane-Poole|first=Stanley|author-link=Stanley Lane-Poole |title= Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]|location=Lunnin|year=1906|series= Heroes of the Nations |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M7pIVpjuyw0C|access-date=26 Mayrnt8 |pages=910–914}} * {{EI2 |last=Richards |first=D.S. |article=Sālāḥ al-Dīn |volume=8 |pages=910–914}} {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} {{EB1911 poster|Saladin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090304191952/http://www.third-millennium-library.com/readinghall/GalleryofHistory/Saladin/LIFE-DOOR.html Stanley Lane-Poole, "The Life of Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", ayns cummey "btm"] {{en jalloo}} * [http://www.medievalist.globalfolio.net/eng/r/rosebault_saladin/_content.php Rosebault Ch.J. Saladin. Prince of Chivalri] {{en jalloo}} * [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost12/Libellus/lib_expu.html#1 ''De expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum''] &ndash; Coontys Oarpagh er barriaghtyn Saladin er ny steatyn Croshaidagh. {{la jalloo}} * [http://www.shadowedrealm.com/articles/exclusive/richard_saladin_warriors_third_crusade Richard and Saladin: Warriors of the Third Crusade] {{en jalloo}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Saladin| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1130yn]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1193]] [[Ronney:Sultanyn Ayyubidagh yn Egypt]] [[Ronney:Reireyderyn Ayyubidagh]] [[Ronney:Moslymee Churdagh]] [[Ronney:Moslymee Sunni Churdagh]] [[Ronney:Asharee]] [[Ronney:Sufee Sunni]] [[Ronney:Emmiraidyn Ayyubidagh y Damask]] [[Ronney:Sultanyn Ayyubidagh yn Egypt]] [[Ronney:Meoiryn y Daa Vosk Casherick]] [[Ronney:Viseeryn y Chaylifaght Atimidagh]] [[Ronney:Gineraalyn y theihll Islamagh mean-eashagh]] [[Ronney:Mujaddid]] [[Ronney:Moslymee 'sy Nah Chroshaid]] [[Ronney:Moslymee 'sy Trass Croshaid]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Tikrit]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn y Yeaman]] [[Ronney:Skimmee chaggee Churdagh]] pqe35nkg9i8ey59ubj4h4a4iagi0igt 0 31252 348287 328428 2024-11-13T01:14:53Z MacTire02 219 ++ 348287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1133|3|5}} |date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|df=y|1189|7|6|1133|3|5}} }} She [[Ree Hostyn]] veih 1154 derrey laa e vaaish ayns 1189 va '''Inry II''' (5 Mayrnt 1133 – 6 Jerrey Souree 1189), ny '''Henry Curtmantle'''. Car e reill, v'eh ayns kioneys er [[Reeriaght Hostyn|Sostyn]], ayrnyn mooarey jeh [[Bretyn car ny Mean Eashyn|Bretyn]] as [[Çhiarnys Nerin|Nerin]], as er cooid vie jeh'n Rank (goaill stiagh y [[Diucaght y Norman|Norman]], [[Diucaght Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], as [[Coontae Anjou|Anjou]]), ard va currit ry-cheilley as enmyssit [[Impiraght Angevin]], as dreill eh pooar harrish [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as [[Diucaght y Vritaan]]. {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Inry 02 Hostyn}} [[Ronney:Inry II Hostyn| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1133]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1189]] [[Ronney:Monarkyn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Diucyn y Norman]] [[Ronney:Coontaghyn Anjou]] [[Ronney:Coontaghyn Maine]] [[Ronney:Coontaghyn Mortain]] [[Ronney:Coontaghyn Poitiers]] [[Ronney:Diucyn Aquitaine]] [[Ronney:Diucyn Gascogne]] [[Ronney:Sostynee jeh sluight Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Sostynee jeh sluight Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Creestiaght ayns Nerin vean-eashagh]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Plantagenet]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Le Mans]] [[Ronney:Reeraghtys Anjou]] [[Ronney:Paitçhyn y Ven-impir Matilda]] [[Ronney:Feallee chaggee Normanagh]] [[Ronney:Anglo-Normanee]] [[Ronney:Shellooderyn oik jure uxoris]] 29raz4r1haneppkhkn0q1quabjawnak 14 31254 348286 328432 2024-11-13T01:14:22Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 348286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|1133 births|Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1133}} {{categoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn rere blein|1133]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn ayns ny 1130yn| 3]] [[Ronney:Toshiaghtyn 'sy vlein 1133]] 0b7ufjraejggbtcw33lt8zipwy72u8c 0 31812 348290 346867 2024-11-13T05:15:44Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 348290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Bear McCreary, GDC 2019 (GEN1879 1) (cropped).jpg | fo-heidyl = McCreary ayns 2019 | boayl_ruggyr = [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1979|2|17}} }} She kiaulleyder as cummeyder reaghyssyn kiaullee da filmyn, çhellveeish, as gammanyn-feeshan ta bunnit ayns [[Los Angeles, California]], eh '''Bear McCreary''' (ruggit er 17 Toshiaght Arree 1979). Ta'n obbyr echey goaill stiagh reaghyssyn kiaullee da ny straihyn çhellveeish ''[[Battlestar Galactica (straih hellveeish 2004)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' (2004), ''[[Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.]]'', ''[[Outlander (straih hellveeish)|Outlander]]'', ''[[The Walking Dead (straih hellveeish)|The Walking Dead]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', ''[[The Serpent Queen]]'', ''[[Percy Jackson and the Olympians (straih hellveeish)|Percy Jackson and the Olympians]]'', ''[[Halo (straih hellveeish)|Halo]]'', ny gammanyn-feeshan ''[[Call of Duty: Vanguard]]'', ''[[God of War (gamman-feeshan 2018)|God of War]]'' as ''[[God of War Ragnarök]]'', as y fillym ''[[Godzilla: King of the Monsters (scannane 2019)|Godzilla: King of the Monsters]]''. Ta McCreary er ny ve enmyssit er lieh [[Aundyr Emmy|Emmy]] da Cummey Kiaullee Yindyssagh da Straih er son e obbyr er imbagh nane jeh'n straih ''Outlander''<ref name="Emmy Award Nominees and Winners-2015">{{cite web|title=67th Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners|url=http://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2015/outstanding-music-composition-for-a-series-original-dramatic-score|access-date=11 Jerrey Fouyir 2015|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|Television Academy]]}}</ref> as chossyn eh Emmy da'n ard-teidyl jeh ''[[Da Vinci's Demons]]''.<ref name="emmys-2013">{{cite news |last= Weisman |first= Jon| title= LIVE From the Creative Arts Emmys|url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/emmys-creative-arts-emmys-live-blog-1200612516/ |work= [[Variety (earishlioar)|Variety]] |access-date=16 Mean Fouyir 2013}}</ref> Chammah's shen, she cosneyder daa cheayrt [[British Academy Games Awards|Aundyr y British Academy Games da Kiaull]] as [[Aundyryn D.I.C.E.|Aundyr D.I.C.E da Cooilleeiney Ard-yindyssagh ayns Cummey Kiaullee Bunneydagh]] da'n obbyr ren eh er ''God of War'' as ''Ragnarök''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-03-11|title=BAFTA Games Awards winners 2019|url=https://www.bafta.org/games/awards/bafta-games-awards-nominations-winners-2019|access-date=2020-12-11|website=www.bafta.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category}} * {{IMDb name|id=0566970}} * [http://www.bearmccreary.com Ynnyd-eggey oikoil] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160411124801/http://www.vgmonline.net/bearmccrearyinterview-2/ Co-akin MAFgest 2016] * [http://www.geekson.com/archives/archiveepisodes/2005/episode100305.htm Audio Interview] er GeeksOn! * [https://www.academia.edu/7231992/Of_Duduks_and_Dylan_Negotiating_Music_and_the_Aural_Space_in_Battlestar_Galactica "Of Duduks and Dylan: Negotiating Music and the Aural Space in ''Battlestar Galactica''"], liorish Eftychia Papanikolaou; cabdil ayns ''Cylons in America: Critical Studies of Battlestar Galactica'', er ny reaghey ec Tiffany Potter as C. W. Marshall, 224–236. York Noa as Lunnin: Continuum, 2007. {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McCreary, Bear}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1979]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coardeen Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Cummeyderyn reaghys kiaullee scannane firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Armeanagh]] [[Ronney:Cummeyderyn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass Washington (steat)]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Bellingham, Washington]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn La-La Land Records]] [[Ronney:Cummeyderyn gamman-feeshan Americaanagh]] 6yupzkf8dwi6nyinh3l12p11mww5gb1