Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 2202 549003 512318 2024-11-30T14:18:13Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 549003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Uk topo en.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Birtaniya.]] [[Fayil:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (St Edward's Crown).svg|thumb|tambarin '''Birtaniya''']] [[Fayil:The British Empire- A survey.JPG|thumb|the British empire]] '''Birtaniya''' ko '''Biritaniya''' (da Turanci: British), kasa ce, da ke a nahiyar [[Turai|Turai.]] Birtaniya tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i 242,495. Biritaniya tana da yawan jama'a kimanin mutane 4,954,645, bisa ga jimillar kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida (2016). Biritaniya tana da iyaka da [[Ayilan]]. Babban birnin [[Birtaniya Kamaru|Biritaniya]], [[Landan]] ne, Magana sosai, '''Birtaniya''', ta kunshi [[Ingila]], Weyilz kuma da Sukotilan. '''United Kingdom''' (da Hausance '''Masarauta daya''' ko '''Masarauta Haɗaɗɗiya'''), ya kunshi Ingila, Weyilz, Sukotilan kuma da Ayilan ta Arewa. '''Tsibirin Birtaniya''', ya kunshi [[Ingila]], Weyilz, [[Sukotilan]], [[Ayiland]] ta Arewa, kuma da kasar Ayilan. Sarauniyar Birtaniya [[Charles 3]]. Birtaniya ta samu 'yanci kafin karni na goma. == Tarihi == == Mulki == === Sarauta === === Damakaradiyya === == Mulkin mallaka == == Arzikin kasa == == Ilimi == == Wasanni == === Kwallan ƙafa === === Kiriket === == Al'adu == === Yarika === === Abinci === A kasar Ingila suna da abinci kala daban-daban.<gallery> File:Bowl of chips at Sainsbury's Low Hall, Chingford, London.jpg|Dan kalin turawa soyayye sala sala File:Crispy chicken and rice at Highgate Cricket Club, Crouch End, plan view focus 1.jpg|Barbadin naman kaza da shinkafa File:An Indian Brunch (Unsplash).jpg|Abinci mai suna Brunch File:Aappe 01571.jpg|Abinci mai suna Aappe, amman daidai yake da waina a kasar Hausa File:Side salad at Sainsbury's Low Hall, Chingford, London 1 top view.jpg| Kwado na kayan ganye </gallery> == Addini == === Kiristanci === === Musulunci === == Tsaro == === Sojoji === === Yan sanda === == Kiwon lafiya == ==Sufuri== ===Jirgin sama=== ===Jirgin ƙasa=== == Yanayi == A kasar Ingila akwai yanayin zafi da sanyi.<gallery> File:Avenue of Atlantic Cedars in the War Memorial Park in Coventry, England.jpg|Wani fili mai suna Avenue File:Ashton Court Field 03.jpg|Fili mai suna Aston court File:Lake at Clumber Park - panoramio.jpg|Gulbi a Clumber Park File:Autumn leaves in Woolley wood, Wincobank - geograph.org.uk - 1780609.jpg|Ganyen bishiya suna zubewa a lokacin sanyi </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Turai}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Birtaniya}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Turai]] 26dlrqtjqo05z9d2xkok9hr6h68h8a9 0 2606 549001 486222 2024-11-30T14:13:47Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 549001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Pigs in the Altai Mountains. Village Ortolyk.jpg|alt=#WPWP HWUG |thumb|#WPWP HWUG]] [[File:Sow with piglet.jpg|250px|thumb|Aladu]] [[Fayil:Pot-bellied pigs in Lisbon Zoo 2008.jpg|thumb|aladu]] [[Fayil:Pig heads in a market.jpg|thumb|kawunan aladu]] [[Fayil:Sus scrofa f domesticus - Réserve africaine de Sigean 01.jpg|thumb|Alade]] [[Fayil:Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).jpg|thumb|Alade]] [[Fayil:Saitama Domestic Pigs In Pasture 1.jpg|thumb|pigs]] [[Fayil:Cerdo negro canario.jpg|thumb|Baccin alade]] [[Fayil:Pigs Sus scrofa domesticus 390 Possuja C.JPG|thumb|garken alade]] '''Alade''' ko '''Aladu''' a jam'i, daya ne daga cikin dabbobi marasa tasiri a al'ummar Hausawa saboda tasiri na addinin [[musulunci]] a yankin. [[Fayil:Pig farm Vampula 9.jpg|thumb|aladu]] [[Fayil:Cochon domestique (Sus scrofa domesticus) (2).jpg|thumb|alade]] [[Fayil:Sus scrofa domesticus, miniature pig, juvenile.jpg|thumb|Karamin alade]] {{Commonscat|Sus scrofa domesticus}} == Yanayin rayuwa == == Yanayin haihuwa == == yanayin dabi'a == == Ire iren alade == == Yadda ake kiwon alade == == Alade a matsayin dabbar gida == [[Fayil:Sus scrofa domesticus - Piétrain pig - Hamburg, Tierpark Hagenbeck - 2.jpg|thumb|gunkin alade]] == Amfani da alade wurin kiyon lapiyar dan adam == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dabba]] svo5o4vte2p3smn5der621ze3jai0ru 0 4339 549102 511946 2024-11-30T16:44:44Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg|240px|right|thumbnail|Reagans a cikin jirgin ruwa a California, 14 ga Agusta 1964]] [[Fayil:Ronald Reagan with cowboy hat 12-0071M edit.jpg|thumb|Ronald Reagan]] [[Fayil:Ronald Reagan 1985 presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ronald Reagan]] '''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' wanda aka sani da '''Ronald Reagan''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga watan Oguste, 1911) a birnin [[Tampico, Illinois|Tampico]] dake yankin Illinois a ƙasar [[Amurika]]. [[File:Portrait_of_Ronald_Reagan,_Neil_Reagan,_Jack_Reagan,_and_Nelle_Reagan_in_Galesburg,_Illinois.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Jack Reagan, Neil Reagan, Ronald Reagan (Mai dan aski a suma), da Nelle Reagan, 1915]] [[File:Ronald_Reagan_at_East_High_School_in_Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Reagan a Makarantar Gabas a Des Moines, 1936]] ==Manazarta== {{Shugabannin Amurka}} [[Category:'Yan siyasan Tarayyar Amurka]] [[Category:Shugabannin Amurka]] rf8aznklmt93pdwudwmitf6xlomzq9h 0 5113 549099 518480 2024-11-30T16:39:18Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Steve Baker MP.jpg|thumb|Steve Baker]] [[Fayil:Official portrait of Mr Steve Baker MP crop 3.jpg|thumb|Steve Baker]] [[Fayil:The Oak Leaf Vol. 40 (February 3 - November 17, 1978) (IA TheOakLeafVol401978February3November17).pdf|thumb|Steve Baker (1978)]] '''Steve Baker''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Baker, Steve}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] [[Category:Mutanen Ingila]] h63kte0rnsknisa6fqks6d2u6mmizzq 0 5514 549343 509948 2024-12-01T08:01:37Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 549343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[file:ERS_2.jpg|thumb|left|alt= tauraron dan adam|Wannan tauraron dan adam ne a sararin samaniya wadda yake nazarin duniyarmu]] [[File:Animate orbit.gif|thumb|hoton tauraron dan adam]] [[Fayil:Mount Pleasant Radio Telescope.jpg|thumb|Na'urar Tauraron Dan Adam]] '''Tauraron Dan Adam''',<ref>"Ma'ana da tarihin tauraron dan adam - Aminiya" http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.in/2008_10_01_archive.html</ref> kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, shine duk wata [[na'ura]] mai cin gashin kanta da ake harbawa zuwa sararin [[Sama|samaniya]] don mikawa da karɓo bayanan yanayi, ko ɗauko hotunan wasu wurare da [[Dan Adam|Ɗan Adam]] baya iya kaiwa garesu ta daɗi, ko kuma shinshino irin yanayin da muhalli zai kasance a wasu lokuta na daban. Ire-iren waɗannan taurari suna shawagi ne a cikin falakin wannan [[duniya]] tamu, ko duniyar wata da taurarin da Allah ya halitta, kokuma cikin falakin wasu duniyoyi makamantan namu. A halin wannan shawagi ne suke gudanar da aiyukansu na nemo bayanai, ko karɓowa daga wani bangaren wannan duniya don yaɗa bayanan zuwa wasu bangarorin daban, ko kuma nemo bayanan da ke da nasaba da falakin da suke shawagi a ciki, don aiko sakon da suka taskance zuwa garemu a wannan duniya, ko kuma, a wasu lokutan, su dauko mana hotunan abinda ke faruwa ga manya-manyan tekunan da ke zagaye da mu a duniya gaba daya. Shi tauraron dan Adam duk karkonsa, ba ya dawwama a muhallin da aka jefa shi ciki don shawagi; yana da muddar rayuwa da aka deba masa. Da zarar aikinsa ya kare, zai dawo wannan duniya tamu, ko kuma, a wasu lokutan ma, yana kan aikinsa sai ya samu matsala ya wargaje ba tare da masu shi sun iya kaiwa gare shi ba. Idan ma ya gama lafiya, yana iya samun matsala wajen shigowa wannan duniya lafiya garau. A takaice dai, duk wani tauraron ɗan Adam na da iya kwanaki ko watanni ko shekarun da aka deba masa. Sannan yana da irin aikin da aka harba shi ya yi; tauraron ɗan Adam da ke gano yanayin muhalli da falakin da ke sararin samaniya yana dauke ne da na’urar daukar hoto, wacce ta dace da tsarin aikinsa. Wanda aka harba don gano yanayin zafi ko sanyi na dauke ne da na’urar da ke taimaka masa shinshino yanayin muhallin. Haka waɗanda aka harbawa don yaɗa shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo da talabijin, duk suna da nasu sifa da ta sha bamban da sauran. An fara harba ire-iren wadannan taurarin wucin-gadi ne zuwa cikin falaki shekaru kusan hamsin da biyu da suka gabata (1957), kuma zuwa yanzu, an harba wajen dubu-daruruwa masu zuwa don karɓowa da aikawa da bayanai ko shinshino yanayi ko kuma ɗauko hotunan sararin samaniya, don amfanin ɗan Adam. A karon farko ana amfani ne da roket, mai ɗauke da kumbo (space shuttle), don cilla wani tauraro zuwa sararin samaniya. <ref>"Tarihin tauraron dan adam - " http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.in</ref> Daga baya aka zo ana amfani da jiragen sama masu masifar gudu, duk da yake shi ma wannan tsari na bukatar roket wanda ke harba jirgin zuwa wani mizanin nisa cikin samaniya, kafin wannan jirgi ya ingiza tauraron cikin falaki. Ana cikin haka sai kuma masana [[kimiyya]]r sararin samaniyar [[Amirka]] suka bullo da wata hanya wacce ta sha bamban da sauran wajen sauki da inganci. Wannan hanya kuwa itace ta cilla tauraron ɗan Adam daga babbar kumbon tashar binciken sararin samaniya da ke can sararin samaniya, watau US ''Space Shuttle''. Hakan na faruwa ne domin masana na iya kera tauraron ɗan Adam a halin zamansu cikin wannan kumbo da ke tashar, har su harba shi. Haka idan ya lalace ko ya gama aikinsa, suna iya sanya shi cikin wani kumbo karami don aikowa dashi wannan duniya tamu don a gyara shi yadda ya kamata. Nan gaba, masana harkar falaki a Amurka na tunanin bullo da wani tsari mai suna ''"Single Stage to Orbit"'', watau “tsalle daya zuwa falaki” a misali Wannan tsari zai rage yawan tashoshin da tauraron dan Adam zai bi kafin kaiwa ga falakin da aka umarce shi da zuwa. Idan har suka dace, wannan tsari zai zo ne da kumbon sararin samaniya guda daya, tafkeke, mai iya daukan taurarin dan Adam da dama, don aikawa dasu zuwa cikin falakin da ya dace dasu, cikin harbawa guda! Tauraron ɗan Adam na farko da ya fara shiga cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu shine '''Sputnik''' 1, wanda ƙasar [[Rasha]] ta harba a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1957. Wannan tauraro yayi shawagi cikin falaki yana aiko sakonni har tsawon kwanaki ashirin da ɗaya. Bayan ya kamo hanyarsa ta dawowa duniya, sai ya kone a hanya. Hakan ya faru ne ranar 4 ga watan Janairun, shekarar 1958. Daga nan ƙasar ta sake cilla wani tauraron mai suna '''Sputnik''' 2,a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwanba, na shekarar 1957 dai har wayau. A ciki suka sanya wata karya don gwaji, wacce a ƙarshe ta mace, sa’o’i biyu da harba ta, sanadiyyar tsananin zafin da ke cikin tauraron da aka sanya ta ciki. Tauraron, Sputnik 2 ya dawo wannan duniya tamu ranar 14 ga water Afrailun, shekarar 1958, inda ya ƙone bayan ya shigo shi ma. Da ganin haka sai ƙasar Amurka ta fara narkewa da kishi. Ana cikin haka sai kawai aka ji ita ma ta harba tauraronta na farko zuwa cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu, mai suna '''Explorer''' 1, ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1958. Bayan nan ta sake cilla wani [[tauraro]] mai suna '''Discoverer''' 13, tauraron dan Adam na farko da ya fara zuwa falaki, ya taskance bayanan da yake bukata ta hanyar wata na’ura, sannan ya cillo wannan na’ura zuwawannan duniya tamu, masu binciken kasar [[Amurka]] suka ɗauka don tantance sakonnin da ta kalato musu.Wannan aiki ta gudanar dashi ne cikin shekarar 1960, ranar 10 ga watan Agusta. Daga nan sauran kasashe suka biyo baya. == Anazarci == [[Category:Sararin sama‎]] taurarun Hamidu 47c1yylylw8z7v6d8k67mto46hqwml9 0 6547 548987 521081 2024-11-30T13:51:08Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na kara mahada 548987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}} [[File:Aminu Kano.jpg|300px|right|Aminu_Kano]] {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Aminu Kano and Abubakar Rimi.jpg|thumb|'''Aminu Kano da Abubakar Rimi''']] '''Malam Aminu Kano''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da ɗari tara da ashirin (1920) miladiya- ya rasu a ranar 17 ga watan afrilu, shekara ta alif dubu daya da ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (1983) Miladiyya Ac. [[Dan'siyasa|Dan siyasa]] ne mai matuqar kima, kuma ya yi yaki sosai don kare hakkin yan kasa a [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]] Kamar yadda siyasarsa ta nuna, ta hanyar goyon bayan [[Dimokuraɗiyya|dimukuradiyya]], tallafawa mata da kuma goyon baya ga 'yancin furuci kuma yana daga cikin mutanen da sukayi yaqi wajen neman 'yancin kasa a wancan lokaci. Yana daga cikin wadanda suka jogoranci mutane wajen gwagwarmayar kin yarda da turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] kafin bada 'yancin kai a shekara ta alif 1960.<ref name=n>{{cite web |url=http://www.nigeriainfonet.com/nigeriahistory.htm |title=Reference Page on Federal Republic of Nigeria |accessdate=2007-05-17 |work=NigeriaInfonet.com |publisher=KEK Technology Inc |archive-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728014535/http://www.nigeriainfonet.com/nigeriahistory.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Shi ne shugaban jam'iyar PRP. == Farkon rayuwa == An haifeshi ne a Kano a shekara ta alif 1920, mahaifinshi mai suna Malam Yusufu malamin islama ne kuma faqihi ne, sannan kuma alkali ne a kotun [[Kano]]. kawunshi Malam Halilu shi ne ya karantar da shi [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur’ani]], malam Halilu ya kasance Limami ga masarautar Kano ga sarki [[Abdullahi Bayero]] (1929-1953). Wanda aka bashi suna da ''mai tantabaru''.<ref name=":0">Abba, Alkasim. (2006). The Politics of Mallam Aminu Kano. p.1 ISBN-978-2557-32-3</ref> == Karatu == '''Malam Aminu Kano''' ya yi makaranta ne a jahar Kano ya yi makarantar [[Shahuci Primary School]] da [[Kano Middle School]] a tsakanin shekara ta 1930 zuwa 1937, a lokacin yana dan shekara goma, kuma ya yi karatu a Kaduna college (Katsina College wanda yanzu Takoma Barewa College) a shekara ta 1937. Bayan ya gama ya karantar a [[Bauchi Middle School]] a shekara ta 1942, a lokacin [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] shi ne shugaban makarantan, daga nan sai aka mayar da shi zuwa Maru Teacher’s College, Sokoto.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin watan Satumban shekara ta alif 1946 an ba shi tallafin karatu zuwa Jami'ar Institute of Education da ta ke a Landan tare da Prime minister na farko a Najeriya wato Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.<ref name=":1" /> Dawowarsa ke da wuya, aka kafa kungiyar malamai na Arewa wato (Northern Teachers Association) a Kano a watan Mayun shekara ta alif 1948, wadda wannan kungiya ita ce kungiya ta farko da aka fara kafawa a arewacin Najeriya a Kano a matsayin cibiyar kungiyar malamai. == <ref name=":1" />Siyasa == '''Malam Aminu Kano''' ya fara siyasa ne tare da [[Sa'adu Zungur]] a tsakanin shekara ta 1943 – 1946, inda suka fara kafa General Improvement Union. Su biyun sun yi hoɓɓasa wajen kafa Nothern Elements Progressive Association (NEPA).<ref>Abba, Alkasim. (2006). The Politics of Mallam Aminu Kano,p.2. ISBN-978-2557-32-3</ref> Malam Aminu Kano ya kasance dan adawa ne kwarai ga turawan mulkin mallaka. Yana sukansu da barna da dukiyar kasa, da kuma 'yan siyasa da ke biyewa turawa bukatunsu na kansu. Hakan ya jawo masa cutarwa matuka daga turawa don su rufe masa baki. A farkon shekara ta 1950 sun kafa jam'iyyun arewa guda biyu, Northern People's Congress (NPC) wacce aka kafa a kan tsarin MacPherson constitution na shekarar 1951 da kuma jam'iyyar Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) == Rasuwa == '''Malam Aminu Kano''' ya rasu ne a ranar Lahadi 17 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1993 wacce uwar gidansa Shatu ta sami gawarsa sanadiyar shanyewar ɓarin jiki da ya samu bayan ya yi jinyar cerebral [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|malaria.]]<ref name=":1">"Aminu Kano". ''ZODML''. 2014-09-22. Retrieved 2021-04-21.</ref> == Bibiliyo == * Abba, Alkasim. (2006). The Politics of Mallam Aminu Kano, ISBN-978-2557-32-3. * == Bincike == * Callaway, Barbara J (July 1987). "Women and Political Participation in Kano City". ''Comparative Politics''. '''19''' (4): 379–393. doi:10.2307/421813. JSTOR 421813. * Feinstein, Alan; Feinstein, Alan (1988). "African Revolutionary: The Life and Times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano". ''Canadian Journal of African Studies''. '''22''' (2): 347. doi:10.2307/485917. JSTOR 485917. * ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kano, Aminu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Malami]] [[Category:Mutane daga Kano]] [[Category:Ɗan siyasa]] [[Category:Malaman Musulunci]] 5avh5vq519t1of2suqi9yigq1wpr034 0 8669 549187 516332 2024-11-30T21:10:26Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 549187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Ajin karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU)''' tana [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa shi a shekara ta 2004. Yana da ikon koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da makarantu guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban kasa na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] p3rax209ow4yx5057twtoy7pewc84ry 0 8699 549126 542176 2024-11-30T17:42:57Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa language map.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Flag of the Hausa people.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Hausa Group.jpg|thumb|yanda hausawa ke yin hawan sallah]]tutar hausawa kenam Wanda [[sardaunan sokoto Ahmadu Bello]] ya sa Wanda wannan alamun carbinsa ne]] [[Fayil:Kayan kida na gargajiya.jpg|thumb|Kayan gargajiyan hausawa]] [[Fayil:Hausa cap (ƙube) 02.jpg|thumb|Hulan Hausa]] '''Harshen Hausa,''' na ɗaya daga cikin rukunin Harsunan Chadic, kuma a ƙungiyar Harsunan Chadic kan, wanda ke cikin iyalin harshen [[Afrasia Bank Zimbabwe Limited|Afroasia]]. [[File:MaganarHannu.jpg|thumb|Wani mutum da yake magana da hannu]] Harshen [[Hausa]] ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne yare mafii girma a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Masu magana da harshen [[Hausa]] a [[Najeriya]] sun kai kashi hamsin da biyar (55%) na al'ummar ƙasar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper|language=en}}</ref> Harshen [[Hausa]] yana yaďuwa ne ta hanyar [[Yar Kasuwa|ƴan-kasuwa]]. Wato yan kasuwan da suke tafiya daga ƙasar Hausa zuwa wasu ƙasashe da Nufin yin kasuwanci, hakan ya ƙara daukaka harshen. Hausa da Hausawa a fadin duniya. Idan aka ce Hausa ana nufin duk wani abu da yake da alaƙa da Hausawa ko kuma ƙasashensu, da harshen su.<ref>{{Cite web|last=chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|language=en}}</ref> Hausawa nada asali a Kasar [[Najeriya]] da kasar Habasha wato ([[Ethiopia]]), wanda ya yaɗu a duk fadin duniya. Ana kuma kiran masu amfani da harshen da suna Hausawa, ƙasar Hausa tana da tarihi mai yawa, tun kafin zuwan [[Turawa]] da [[Larabawa|Larabarawa]] kasar Hausa, Hausawa suna da sarakuna da sutturu da sana'oi masu tarin yawa. Misalan [[Sarakunan Gargajiya na Najeriya|sarakuna sarkin musulmi, sarkin Kano, Sarkin Zazzau, Sarkin Katsina, Sarkin Daura, Sarkin Gombe da sauran su.]] Misalan sutura babbar riga, kwado da linzami, yar shara da sauran su. Misalan sana’oi [[fawa]], [[noma]], [[kiwo]], [[saka]], [[farauta]], [[kira]] da sauran su. Akwai yardar cewa yaren Hausa ya samo asali ne daga [[Bayajidda]] wanda [[Balarabe]] ne, ya zo kasar Hausa [[Daura|a garin Daura]] domin kasuwanci. Amma Kuma wannan magana ta tarihin Bayajidda akwai maganganu a kanta. ==Boko== {| aji="wikitable" samfari="kalmomi-align: center;" ! A a || B b || [[Ɓ|Ɓ ɓ]] || C c || D d || [[Ɗ|Ɗ ɗ]] || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i || J j || K k || [[Ƙ|Ƙ ƙ]]|| L l |- | {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|ɓ}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|ɗ}} || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|ɸ}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/kʼ/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} |- ! M m || N n || O o || R r || (R̃ r̃) || S s || [[Sh (digraph)|Sh sh]]|| T t || [[Ts (digraph)|Ts ts]]|| U u || W w || Y y || ([[Ƴ|Ƴ ƴ]]) || Z z || [[Apostrophe|ʼ]] |- | {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|ɽ}} || {{IPA|r}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/ʔʲ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || |} == kalmomin aro == Hausa yare ne da ya samu raino daga yaruka guda biyu na [[Duniyoyi|duniya]], a fari larabawa suka fara shigowa kasar Hausa . Sai turawa kuma daga baya; hakan ya sanya wasu daga cikin kalmomin da hausawa ke amfani da su sun samo asali ne daga larabci (wato [[ajami]]) ko kuma turanci (wato boko). misali; albasa - wacce ta samo asali daga kalmar larabci albasl. ko kuma kalmar bula wacce ta samo asali daga turanci ko boko wato blue.<ref name=":0">Sani, M. A. Z. (1999). ''Tsarin sauti da nahawun Hausa''. Ibadan [Nigeria]: University Press. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-978-030-535-2</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;48668741.</ref> == misalin wasu daga cikin kalmomin aro sun haɗa da; == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+wasu kalmomin da aka aro daga turanci !s/n !Turanci !Hausa |- |1. |blue |bula |- |2. |plan |pilan |- |3. |spring |sifirin |- |4. |clear |kiliya |- |5. |grease |girisi |- |6. |rod |rodi |- |7. |bandage |bandeji |- |8. |court |kotu |- |9. |bail |beli |- |10. |bank |banki |- |12. | | |} {| class="wikitable" |+wasu daga cikin kalmomin da aka aro daga larabci !s/n !Larabci !Hausa |- |1. |adab |adabi |- |2. |zaman |zamani |- |3. |dalil |dalili |- |4. |sanad |sanadi |- |5. |balid |balid |- |6. |ziná |zina |- |7. |shirk |shirka |- |8. |sarq |sata |- |9. |haram |haramun |- |10. |wajib |wajibi |- |11. | | |} == Ƙa'idojin Rubutu == Hausa na bin tsarin rubutun larabci wato ajami daga farko, amma daga baya sun koma amfani da tsarin rubutun zamani wato boko. == Tsarin rubutun boko: == Rubutun Zamani wato ''boko'' yana da harrufan ''Latin'' wanda Ķungiyar turawa suka kirkiro a shekarun 1930.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !A a !B b ![[:en:Ɓ|Ɓ ɓ]] !C c !D d ![[:en:Ɗ|Ɗ ɗ]] !E e !F f !G g !H h !I i !J j !K k ![[:en:Ƙ|Ƙ ƙ]] !L l |- |{{IPA|/a/}} |{{IPA|/b/}} |/[[:en:Ɓ|ɓ]]/ |{{IPA|/tʃ/}} |{{IPA|/d/}} |/[[:en:Ɗ|ɗ]]/ |{{IPA|/e/}} |/ǿ/ |{{IPA|/ɡ/}} |{{IPA|/h/}} |{{IPA|/i/}} |{{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} |{{IPA|/k/}} |{{IPA|/kʼ/}} |{{IPA|/l/}} |- !M m !N n !O o !R r !(R̃ r̃) !S s ![[:en:Sh_(digraph)|Sh sh]] !T t ![[:en:Ts_(digraph)|Ts ts]] !U u !W w !Y y !([[:en:Ƴ|Ƴ ƴ]]) !Z z !’ |- |{{IPA|/m/}} |{{IPA|/n/}} |{{IPA|/o/}} |/ɽ/ |/r/ |{{IPA|/s/}} |{{IPA|/ʃ/}} |{{IPA|/t/}} |{{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} |{{IPA|/u/}} |{{IPA|/w/}} |{{IPA|/j/}} |{{IPA|/ʔʲ/}} |{{IPA|/z/}} |{{IPA|/ʔ/}} |} Ana amfani da harafin ''[[:en:Ƴ|ƴ]]'' (y mai lanƙwasa a dama) a Ƙasar Nijer Kawai, ana rubuta shi a ''ʼy a Najeriya''. Ba'a bambamce tsawon sauti ko amo a cikin rubutu, misali a daga - daagaa - daga duka ana rubuta su a kalmar daga sai dai a bambamtasu wajen fada. == Tsarin Rubutun Ajami == A da can baya, an rubuta yaren Hausa da ajami watau haruffan larabci tun a karni na 17. Rubutu na farko da aka fara yi da ajami shi ne wallafi na Riwayar Nabi Musa by Abdullahi Suka a karni na 17. kaman ko wane harshe larabci na da ka'idojin rubutunsa inda ake amfani da wasula a kan bakake wadanda akan iya karatun larabci ko babu wasula kuma an fi amfani da wasula a cikin Al-Qurani.<ref><nowiki>''</nowiki>Verde, Tom (October 2011). "From Africa, in Ajami". ''Saudi Aramco World''. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30. Retrieved [tel:2021-057-12 2021-057-12].</ref> In the following table, short and long ''e'' are shown along with the Arabic letter for ''t'' ({{lang|ar|ت}}). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:120%" !<span style="font-size:83.5%">Latin</span> !<span style="font-size:83.5%">[[:en:Help:IPA|IPA]]</span> !<span style="font-size:83.5%">Arabic ''ajami''</span> |- |a |/a/ |&nbsp; ء |- |a |/a:/ |&nbsp; ݴ |- |b |/b/ |&nbsp; ب |- |ɓ |/ɓ/ |&nbsp; ٻ <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |c |/tʃ/ |&nbsp; ث |- |d |/d/ |&nbsp; د |- |ɗ |/ɗ/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:83.5%">ط</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">(a</span><span style="font-size:83.5%">kanyi amfani dashi a wajen</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">ts)</span> |- |e |/e/ |&nbsp; ݑ <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |e |/e:/ |&nbsp; ݑ<span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |f | {| class="wikitable" |/ɸ/ |} |&nbsp;ف |- |g |/g/ |&nbsp; غ |- |h |/h/ |&nbsp; ه |- |i |/i/ |&nbsp; ئ |- |i |/i:/ |&nbsp; ئ |- |j |{{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} |&nbsp; ج |- |k |/k/ |&nbsp; ك |- |ƙ |/kʼ/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:83.5%">(akanyi amfani da ك ),</span> ق |- |l |/l/ |&nbsp; ل |- |m |/m/ |&nbsp; م |- |n |/n/ |&nbsp; ن |- |o |/o/ |&nbsp; ـُ &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana kama da harafin u)</span> |- |o |/oː/ |&nbsp; ـُو‎ &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana kama da harafin u)</span> |- |r |/r/, /ɽ/ |&nbsp; ر |- |s |/s/ |&nbsp; س |- |sh |/ʃ/ |&nbsp; ش |- |t |/t/ |&nbsp; ت |- |ts |{{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} |&nbsp;ط <span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana nuna <span style="letter-spacing:2pt">ɗ</span>), ڟ</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |u |/u/ | |- |u |/u:/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ـُو]]</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(same as o)</span> |- |w |/w/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[و]]</span> |- |y |/y/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ی]]</span> |- |z |/z/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ز]]</span> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ذ]]</span> |- |ʼ |/'/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ع]]</span> |} === Other systems === ==Duba kuma== *[[Ranar Hausa]] *[[Harsunan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin Hadin Waje == *[http://hausadictionary.com/Main_Page HausaDictionary.com] - Ƙamusun Hausa da Turanci (wiki) *[http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws/ Ƙamusun Hausa-Turanci] (Bargery 1931) *[http://www.koshigaya.bunkyo.ac.jp/hslaiman Ƙamusun Hausa-Turanci] (Bargery 1931) - Jami'ar Bunkyo a Koshigaya *[http://adammanvell.info/sites/default/files/pdfs/Manvell%20%282012%29%20A%20Preliminary%20Hausa%20Bird%20Lexicon.pdf Preliminary Hausa Bird Lexicon] * [http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Nigeria_linguistic_1979.jpg&filetimestamp=20060628234948 - ''mapo''] * [http://www.univie.ac.at/Hausa/oracle/KofarHausa1.html KofarHausa] * [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Hausa/hausa.html Hausa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050301214145/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Hausa/hausa.html |date=2005-03-01 }} * [http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=4&linksPage=356 Hausa-Fulani] * [http://www.reise-know-how.de/hausa-wort-fuer-wort-p-275.html?osCsid=59edaa87ca6650e6a80c4040e5a0ca58 Hausa – Wort für Wort Hausa – Wort für Wort, Vögele, Hannelore ISBN 978-3-89416-271-9 S. 160] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928062630/http://www.reise-know-how.de/hausa-wort-fuer-wort-p-275.html?osCsid=ce64dbc700fcf4d852b1b941d3536c5c |date=2011-09-28 }} [[Category:Hausa]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Chadic]] 216w58uzdfcof6voai90x3vge141frz 549127 549126 2024-11-30T17:47:53Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa language map.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Flag of the Hausa people.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Hausa Group.jpg|thumb|yanda hausawa ke yin hawan sallah]]tutar hausawa kenam Wanda [[sardaunan sokoto Ahmadu Bello]] ya sa Wanda wannan alamun carbinsa ne]] [[Fayil:Kayan kida na gargajiya.jpg|thumb|Kayan gargajiyan hausawa]] [[Fayil:Hausa cap (ƙube) 02.jpg|thumb|Hulan Hausa]] '''Harshen Hausa,''' na ɗaya daga cikin rukunin Harsunan Chadic, kuma a ƙungiyar Harsunan Chadic kan, wanda ke cikin iyalin harshen [[Afrasia Bank Zimbabwe Limited|Afroasia]]. [[File:MaganarHannu.jpg|thumb|Wani mutum da yake magana da hannu]] Harshen [[Hausa]] ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne yare mafii girma a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Masu magana da harshen [[Hausa]] a [[Najeriya]] sun kai kashi hamsin da biyar (55%) na al'ummar ƙasar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper|language=en}}</ref> Harshen [[Hausa]] yana yaďuwa ne ta hanyar [[Yar Kasuwa|ƴan-kasuwa]]. Wato yan kasuwan da suke tafiya daga ƙasar Hausa zuwa wasu ƙasashe da Nufin yin kasuwanci, hakan ya ƙara daukaka harshen. Hausa da Hausawa a fadin duniya. Idan aka ce Hausa ana nufin duk wani abu da yake da alaƙa da Hausawa ko kuma ƙasashensu, da harshen su.<ref>{{Cite web|last=chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|language=en}}</ref> Hausawa nada asali a Kasar [[Najeriya]] da kasar Habasha wato ([[Ethiopia]]), wanda ya yaɗu a duk fadin duniya. Ana kuma kiran masu amfani da harshen da suna Hausawa, ƙasar Hausa tana da tarihi mai yawa, tun kafin zuwan [[Turawa]] da [[Larabawa|Larabarawa]] kasar Hausa, Hausawa suna da sarakuna da sutturu da sana'oi masu tarin yawa. Misalan [[Sarakunan Gargajiya na Najeriya|sarakuna sarkin musulmi, sarkin Kano, Sarkin Zazzau, Sarkin Katsina, Sarkin Daura, Sarkin Gombe da sauran su.]] Misalan sutura babbar riga, kwado da linzami, yar shara da sauran su. Misalan sana’oi [[fawa]], [[noma]], [[kiwo]], [[saka]], [[farauta]], [[kira]] da sauran su. Akwai yardar cewa yaren Hausa ya samo asali ne daga [[Bayajidda]] wanda [[Balarabe]] ne, ya zo kasar Hausa [[Daura|a garin Daura]] domin kasuwanci. Amma Kuma wannan magana ta tarihin Bayajidda akwai maganganu a kanta. ==Boko== {| aji="wikitable" samfari="kalmomi-align: center;" ! A a || B b || [[Ɓ|Ɓ ɓ]] || C c || D d || [[Ɗ|Ɗ ɗ]] || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i || J j || K k || [[Ƙ|Ƙ ƙ]]|| L l |- | {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|ɓ}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|ɗ}} || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|ɸ}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/kʼ/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} |- ! M m || N n || O o || R r || (R̃ r̃) || S s || [[Sh (digraph)|Sh sh]]|| T t || [[Ts (digraph)|Ts ts]]|| U u || W w || Y y || ([[Ƴ|Ƴ ƴ]]) || Z z || [[Apostrophe|ʼ]] |- | {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|ɽ}} || {{IPA|r}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/ʔʲ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || |} == kalmomin aro == Hausa yare ne da ya samu raino daga yaruka guda biyu na [[Duniyoyi|duniya]], a fari larabawa suka fara shigowa kasar Hausa . Sai turawa kuma daga baya; hakan ya sanya wasu daga cikin kalmomin da hausawa ke amfani da su sun samo asali ne daga larabci (wato [[ajami]]) ko kuma turanci (wato boko). misali; albasa - wacce ta samo asali daga kalmar larabci albasl. ko kuma kalmar bula wacce ta samo asali daga turanci ko boko wato blue.<ref name=":0">Sani, M. A. Z. (1999). ''Tsarin sauti da nahawun Hausa''. Ibadan [Nigeria]: University Press. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-978-030-535-2</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;48668741.</ref> == misalin wasu daga cikin kalmomin aro sun haɗa da; == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+wasu kalmomin da aka aro daga turanci !s/n !Turanci !Hausa |- |1. |blue |bula |- |2. |plan |pilan |- |3. |spring |sifirin |- |4. |clear |kiliya |- |5. |grease |girisi |- |6. |rod |rodi |- |7. |bandage |bandeji |- |8. |court |kotu |- |9. |bail |beli |- |10. |bank |banki |- |12. | | |} {| class="wikitable" |+wasu daga cikin kalmomin da aka aro daga larabci !s/n !Larabci !Hausa |- |1. |adab |adabi |- |2. |zaman |zamani |- |3. |dalil |dalili |- |4. |sanad |sanadi |- |5. |balid |balid |- |6. |ziná |zina |- |7. |shirk |shirka |- |8. |sarq |sata |- |9. |haram |haramun |- |10. |wajib |wajibi |- |11. | | |} == Ƙa'idojin Rubutu == Hausa na bin tsarin rubutun larabci wato ajami daga farko, amma daga baya sun koma amfani da tsarin rubutun zamani wato boko. == Tsarin rubutun boko: == Rubutun Zamani wato ''boko'' yana da harrufan ''Latin'' wanda Ķungiyar turawa suka kirkiro a shekarun 1930.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !A a !B b ![[:en:Ɓ|Ɓ ɓ]] !C c !D d ![[:en:Ɗ|Ɗ ɗ]] !E e !F f !G g !H h !I i !J j !K k ![[:en:Ƙ|Ƙ ƙ]] !L l |- |{{IPA|/a/}} |{{IPA|/b/}} |/[[:en:Ɓ|ɓ]]/ |{{IPA|/tʃ/}} |{{IPA|/d/}} |/[[:en:Ɗ|ɗ]]/ |{{IPA|/e/}} |/ǿ/ |{{IPA|/ɡ/}} |{{IPA|/h/}} |{{IPA|/i/}} |{{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} |{{IPA|/k/}} |{{IPA|/kʼ/}} |{{IPA|/l/}} |- !M m !N n !O o !R r !(R̃ r̃) !S s ![[:en:Sh_(digraph)|Sh sh]] !T t ![[:en:Ts_(digraph)|Ts ts]] !U u !W w !Y y !([[:en:Ƴ|Ƴ ƴ]]) !Z z !’ |- |{{IPA|/m/}} |{{IPA|/n/}} |{{IPA|/o/}} |/ɽ/ |/r/ |{{IPA|/s/}} |{{IPA|/ʃ/}} |{{IPA|/t/}} |{{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} |{{IPA|/u/}} |{{IPA|/w/}} |{{IPA|/j/}} |{{IPA|/ʔʲ/}} |{{IPA|/z/}} |{{IPA|/ʔ/}} |} Ana amfani da harafin ''[[:en:Ƴ|ƴ]]'' (y mai lanƙwasa a dama) a Ƙasar Nijer Kawai, ana rubuta shi a ''ʼy a Najeriya''. Ba'a bambamce tsawon sauti ko amo a cikin rubutu, misali a daga - daagaa - daga duka ana rubuta su a kalmar daga sai dai a bambamtasu wajen fada. == Tsarin Rubutun Ajami == A da can baya, an rubuta yaren Hausa da ajami watau haruffan larabci tun a karni na 17. Rubutu na farko da aka fara yi da ajami shi ne wallafi na Riwayar Nabi Musa by Abdullahi Suka a karni na 17. kaman ko wane harshe larabci na da ka'idojin rubutunsa inda ake amfani da wasula a kan bakake wadanda akan iya karatun larabci ko babu wasula kuma an fi amfani da wasula a cikin Al-Qurani.<ref><nowiki>''</nowiki>Verde, Tom (October 2011). "From Africa, in Ajami". ''Saudi Aramco World''. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30. Retrieved [tel:2021-057-12 2021-057-12].</ref> In the following table, short and long ''e'' are shown along with the Arabic letter for ''t'' ({{lang|ar|ت}}). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:120%" !<span style="font-size:83.5%">Latin</span> !<span style="font-size:83.5%">[[:en:Help:IPA|IPA]]</span> !<span style="font-size:83.5%">Arabic ''ajami''</span> |- |a |/a/ |&nbsp; ء |- |a |/a:/ |&nbsp; ݴ |- |b |/b/ |&nbsp; ب |- |ɓ |/ɓ/ |&nbsp; ٻ <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |c |/tʃ/ |&nbsp; ث |- |d |/d/ |&nbsp; د |- |ɗ |/ɗ/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:83.5%">ط</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">(a</span><span style="font-size:83.5%">kanyi amfani dashi a wajen</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">ts)</span> |- |e |/e/ |&nbsp; ݑ <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |e |/e:/ |&nbsp; ݑ<span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |f | {| class="wikitable" |/ɸ/ |} |&nbsp;ف |- |g |/g/ |&nbsp; غ |- |h |/h/ |&nbsp; ه |- |i |/i/ |&nbsp; ئ |- |i |/i:/ |&nbsp; ئ |- |j |{{IPA|/(d)ʒ/}} |&nbsp; ج |- |k |/k/ |&nbsp; ك |- |ƙ |/kʼ/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:83.5%">(akanyi amfani da ك ),</span> ق |- |l |/l/ |&nbsp; ل |- |m |/m/ |&nbsp; م |- |n |/n/ |&nbsp; ن |- |o |/o/ |&nbsp; ـُ &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana kama da harafin u)</span> |- |o |/oː/ |&nbsp; ـُو‎ &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana kama da harafin u)</span> |- |r |/r/, /ɽ/ |&nbsp; ر |- |s |/s/ |&nbsp; س |- |sh |/ʃ/ |&nbsp; ش |- |t |/t/ |&nbsp; ت |- |ts |{{IPA|/(t)sʼ/}} |&nbsp;ط <span style="font-size:83.5%">(yana nuna <span style="letter-spacing:2pt">ɗ</span>), ڟ</span> <span style="font-size:83.5%">(ba'a amfani dashi a larabci)</span> |- |u |/u/ | |- |u |/u:/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ـُو]]</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size:83.5%">(same as o)</span> |- |w |/w/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[و]]</span> |- |y |/y/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ی]]</span> |- |z |/z/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ز]]</span> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ذ]]</span> |- |ʼ |/'/ |&nbsp; <span style="font-size:140%">[[ع]]</span> |} == Other systems == ==Duba kuma== *[[Ranar Hausa]] *[[Harsunan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin Hadin Waje == *[http://hausadictionary.com/Main_Page HausaDictionary.com] - Ƙamusun Hausa da Turanci (wiki) *[http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws/ Ƙamusun Hausa-Turanci] (Bargery 1931) *[http://www.koshigaya.bunkyo.ac.jp/hslaiman Ƙamusun Hausa-Turanci] (Bargery 1931) - Jami'ar Bunkyo a Koshigaya *[http://adammanvell.info/sites/default/files/pdfs/Manvell%20%282012%29%20A%20Preliminary%20Hausa%20Bird%20Lexicon.pdf Preliminary Hausa Bird Lexicon] * [http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Nigeria_linguistic_1979.jpg&filetimestamp=20060628234948 - ''mapo''] * [http://www.univie.ac.at/Hausa/oracle/KofarHausa1.html KofarHausa] * [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Hausa/hausa.html Hausa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050301214145/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Hausa/hausa.html |date=2005-03-01 }} * [http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=4&linksPage=356 Hausa-Fulani] * [http://www.reise-know-how.de/hausa-wort-fuer-wort-p-275.html?osCsid=59edaa87ca6650e6a80c4040e5a0ca58 Hausa – Wort für Wort Hausa – Wort für Wort, Vögele, Hannelore ISBN 978-3-89416-271-9 S. 160] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928062630/http://www.reise-know-how.de/hausa-wort-fuer-wort-p-275.html?osCsid=ce64dbc700fcf4d852b1b941d3536c5c |date=2011-09-28 }} [[Category:Hausa]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Chadic]] ssodahf5aq797xq2yh9xrnh46ofyce4 0 9152 549000 491817 2024-11-30T14:12:02Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 549000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Karamar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu karamar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma karamar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da karamar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin ka’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] mi0qz48l5mwseujftms9hzfph5u6mq4 0 9372 549123 508303 2024-11-30T17:34:27Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Babban Gwani.jpg|thumb|masaurautar Bauchi]] '''Dass''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake [[Jihar Bauchi]], a Arewa maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]]. Wannan ƙaramar hukuma, {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] lpd72nxipepsq8ee20m881vr5oqstum 4 9885 549330 538186 2024-12-01T07:43:44Z DonCamillo 4280 update 549330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hausa Wikipedia articles stats.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Yawan muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia daga Yuli 2018 zuwa Fabrairu 2019]] ===Adadin Mukaloli=== *01/11/2017 : 1529 *01/12/2017 : 1544 (+15) *01/01/2018 : 1637 (+93) *01/02/2018 : 1662 (+25) *01/03/2018 : 1676 (+14) *01/04/2018 : 1733 (+57) *01/05/2018 : 1747 (+14) *01/06/2018 : 1784 (+37) *01/07/2018 : 1856 (+68) *15/07/2018 : 1870 (+14) *01/08/2018 : 1883 (+13) *15/08/2018 : 1896 (+16) *01/09/2018 : 1908 (+12) *15/09/2018 : 1911 (+3) *01/10/2018 : 1914 (+3) *15/10/2018 : 1913 (-1) *01/11/2018 : 2030 (+127) *15/11/2018 : 2049 (+19) *01/12/2018 : 2199 (+150) *15/12/2018 : 2265 (+66) *01/01/2019 : 2680 (+415) *15/01/2019 : 2977 (+297) *01/02/2019 : 3186 (+209) *15/02/2019 : 3314 (+128) *01/03/2019 : 3350 (+36) *15/03/2019 : 3408 (+58) *01/04/2019 : 3456 (+48) (198th/303) *15/04/2019 : 3468 (+12) *01/05/2019 : 3474 (+6) *01/06/2019 : 3518 (+44) *01/07/2019 : 3611 (+93) *01/08/2019 : 3726 (+115) *01/09/2019 : 3782 (+56) *01/10/2019 : 3896 (+114) *01/11/2019 : 3952 (+56) *01/12/2019 : 4055 (+103) (191st/305) *01/01/2020 : 4287 (+232) *01/02/2020 : 4534 (+247) (188th/309) *01/03/2020 : 4632 (+98) *01/04/2020 : 4736 (+104) (185th/309) *01/05/2020 : 4937 (+201) (184th/309) *01/06/2020 : 5117 (+180) (183th/309) *01/07/2020 : 5129 (+12) *01/08/2020 : 5156 (+27) *01/09/2020 : 5222 (+66) *01/10/2020 : 5334 (+112) *01/11/2020 : 5472 (+138) *01/12/2020 : 6608 (+1136) (170th/314) *01/01/2021 : 6724 (+116) *01/02/2021 : 6799 (+75) *01/03/2021 : 7078 (+279) *01/04/2021 : 8397 (+1319) *01/05/2021 : 8550 (+153) (160th/321) *01/06/2021 : 8799 (+249) *01/07/2021 : 10 099 (+1300) (154th/321) *01/08/2021 : 10 903 (+904) (151st/323) *01/09/2021 : 11 683 (+780) (146th/323) *01/10/2021 : 12 280 (+597) (145th/323) *01/11/2021 : 12 910 (+630) (143rd/325) *01/12/2021 : 13 550 (+640) (140th/325) *01/01/2022 : 13 691 (+141) (139th/325) *01/02/2022 : 13 905 (+214) (136th/325) *01/03/2022 : 14 102 (+197) (136th/325) *01/04/2022 : 14 932 (+830) (135th/326) *01/05/2022 : 15 101 (+169) (134th/326) *01/06/2022 : 15 513 (+412) (132nd/327) *01/07/2022 : 16 675 (+1162) (126th/327) *01/08/2022 : 17 357 (+678) (125th/328) *01/09/2022 : 18 151 (+794) (124th/329) *01/10/2022 : 18 953 (+802) (124th/329) *01/11/2022 : 19 067 (+114) (124th/329) *01/12/2022 : 19 655 (+588) (124th/329) *01/01/2023 : 20 231 (+576) (123rd/329) *01/02/2023 : 20 639 (+408) (123rd/329) *01/03/2023 : 21 091 (+452) (123rd/329) *01/04/2023 : 23 843 (+2752) (119th/332) *01/05/2023 : 25 057 (+1214) (119th/332) *01/06/2023 : 26 435 (+1388) (117th/332) *01/07/2023 : 27 510 (+1075) (116th/333) *01/08/2023 : 28 630 (+1120) (115th/334) *01/09/2023 : 29 901 (+1271) (114th/335) *01/10/2023 : 31 850 (+1949) (111th/335) *01/11/2023 : 32 475 (+625) (111th/336) *01/12/2023 : 33 295 (+820) (110th/336) *01/01/2024 : 35 607 (+2312) (107th/339) *14/03/2024 : 41 999 (+6392) (106th/339) *01/04/2024 : 43 880 (+1881) (105th/339) *01/05/2024 : 44 899 (+1019) (105th/342) *01/08/2024 : 49 102 (+4203) (103rd/344) *09/10/2024 : 50 565 (+1463) (102nd/347) *01/10/2024 : 50 813 (+248) (102nd/352) *01/12/2024 : 51 667 (+854) (102nd/352) ===Adadin Maziyarta=== [[File:Pageviews Hausa Wikipedia 2015-2023.png|400px|thumb|right|Yawan duba shafukan Hausa Wikipedia daga Yuni 2015 zuwa Maris 2023 (trimester average of daily pageviews]] (Daily average per trimester) (Data from [https://tools.wmflabs.org WMF Labs]). *3/2015 : 2382 *4/2015 : 2056 *1/2016 : 2510 *2/2016 : 2781 *3/2016 : 2082 *4/2016 : 2531 *1/2017 : 3074 *2/2017 : 2823 *3/2017 : 5152 *4/2017 : 3837 *1/2018 : 3125 *2/2018 : 2996 *3/2018 : 3427 *4/2018 : 7607 *1/2019 : 5944 *2/2019 : 7331 *3/2019 : 10387 *4/2019 : 9669 *1/2020 : 10856 *2/2020 : 11160 *3/2020 : 11596 *4/2020 : 9966 *1/2021 : 25763 *2/2021 : 12051 *3/2021 : 10809 *4/2021 : 10846 *1/2022 : 20469 *2/2022 : 18646 *3/2022 : 17298 *4/2022 : 17195 *1/2023 : 20282 *2/2023 : 18710 *3/2023 : 21625 *4/2023 : 18753 *1/2024 : 20019 *2/2024 : 19747 *3/2024 : 26013 ---- (Daily average per month) (Data from [https://tools.wmflabs.org WMF Labs]). *1/2019 : 5521 *2/2019 : 5585 *3/2019 : 6690 *4/2019 : 7166 *5/2019 : 7645 *6/2019 : 7170 *7/2019 : 9993 *8/2019 : 10609 *9/2019 : 10564 *10/2019 : 10314 *11/2019 : 9589 *12/2019 : 9439 *1/2020 : 10825 *2/2020 : 11021 *3/2020 : 10733 *4/2020 : 13163 *5/2020 : 11197 *6/2020 : 8581 *7/2020 : 11682 *8/2020 : 10312 *9/2020 : 12446 *10/2020 : 11436 *11/2020 : 9932 *12/2020 : 8529 *01/2021 : 9716 *02/2021 : 48438 *03/2021 : 21330 *04/2021 : 11865 *05/2021 : 11641 *06/2021 : 12660 *07/2021 : 10546 *08/2021 : 11554 *09/2021 : 10310 *10/2021 : 10634 *11/2021 : 10990 *12/2021 : 10918 *01/2022 : 12800 *02/2022 : 21874 *03/2022 : 26074 *04/2022 : 19645 *05/2022 : 16290 *06/2022 : 20083 *07/2022 : 16511 *08/2022 : 17619 *09/2022 : 17893 *10/2022 : 16756 *11/2022 : 18645 *12/2022 : 16501 *01/2023 : 16869 *02/2023 : 20063 *03/2023 : 23892 *04/2023 : 16639 *05/2023 : 18156 *06/2023 : 21354 *07/2023 : 21875 *08/2023 : 23076 *09/2023 : 20470 *10/2023 : 20696 *11/2023 : 17028 *12/2023 : 18479 *01/2024 : 19212 *02/2024 : 18507 *03/2024 : 22241 *04/2024 : 21531 *05/2024 : 19583 *06/2024 : 18133 *07/2024 : 28950 *08/2024 : 26120 *09/2024 : 22869 *10/2024 : 30818 *11/2024 : 31815 Maziyarta a Shekara: *2016 : 0,906 M *2017 : 1,361 M *2018 : 1,569 M *2019 : 3,058 M *2020 : 3,987 M *2021 : 5,408 M *2022 : 6,712 M *2023 : 7,243 M *2024 : 7,925 M (a ranar 1 ga Disamba) ===Percentage of articles using data from Wikidata=== (Data from [https://wikidata-analytics.wmcloud.org/app/WikidataAnalytics]) *15/01/2019 : 31,14 % (1071/3439) *06/02/2019 : 40,97 % (1522/3715) *01/03/2019 : 42,83 % (1629/3803) *15/03/2019 : 47,39 % (1833/3868) *31/03/2019 : 51.48 % (2019/3922) *30/04/2019 : 56.83 % (2200/3871) *31/05/2019 : 57.04 % (2219/3890) *11/07/2019 : 63,87 % (2551/3988) *01/08/2019 : 66,17 % (2680/4050) *01/09/2019 : 70,26 % (2868/4082) *01/10/2019 : 70,58 % (2951/4181) *01/11/2019 : 71,82 % (3043/4237) *01/12/2019 : 73,44 % (3180/4330) *01/01/2020 : 75,82 % (3433/4528) *01/02/2020 : 79,41 % (3819/4809) *01/03/2020 : 81,07 % (3944/4865) *01/04/2020 : 81,01 % (4022/4965) *01/05/2020 : 82,65 % (4253/5146) *01/06/2020 : 83,93 % (4386/5351) *01/07/2020 : 83,65 % (4496/5375) *01/09/2020 : 83,82 % (4585/5470) *01/10/2020 : 83,33 % (4700/5640) *01/11/2020 : 83,74 % (4856/5688) *01/12/2020 : 82.33 % (5784/7025) (...) *06/10/2022 : 69.52 % (14011/20155) ; articles with sitelinks: 89.15 % *03/12/2022 : 71.27% (14854/20843) ; articles with sitelinks: 89.39 % [https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FitemDescription%20%3Farticle%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Farticle%20%09schema%3Aabout%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fha.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wikibase%3Asitelinks%20%3Fsl%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%28%20%3Fsl%20%3D%201%20%29%0A%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22ha%2Cen%22%20%7D%0A%7D Query] giving all Wikidata items that are connected to one and only one article on Wikipedia in Hausa. 83ysyug5csp46nampvtu8oftaf67rxi 0 9984 549349 441902 2024-12-01T08:07:15Z Maryamarh 29382 549349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ohaji/Egbema,'''na ɗaya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|ƙananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[Jihar Imo|jihar Imo]] a kudu maso Gabas, [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo]] 4six13cek853vnuk1hf11hpkatqry4g 0 10260 549350 511070 2024-12-01T08:08:05Z BnHamid 12586 549350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Latin letter B.svg|thumb|B Babba da karama]] [[Fayil:Forms of B in Alphonse Chassant, Dictionnaire des abréviations latines et françaises, 1876.png|thumb|ributun kalma B]] '''B''' ko '''b''' ([[Bakaen turanci#sunaye|furucci]]) <ref>citation |contribution=B |title=Oxford English Dictionary, ''2nd ed.'' |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=1989</ref><ref>citation |contribution=B |title=Merriam-Webster's 3rd New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged |date=1993</ref> ita ce harfi ta biyu daga cikin bakaken da ake amfani dasu wajen rubutu a harsuna daban-daban, wanda yahada da Tuaranci, Hausa da sauransu. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Haruffan Latin}} 4p4venvkdwjtgn4bhfy2j8a17525p5d 0 10540 548980 541345 2024-11-30T13:43:14Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na sa mahada 548980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Wedding rings.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|[[Zoben aure]] guda biyu.]] [[File:Sofia Magdalenas brudklänning, robe de cour, 1766.jpg|thumb|Kayan bikin sarakai a kasar Sweden a 1766 acikin [[Livrustkammaren]] dake garin Stockholm]] [[File:Wiki Loves love (7).jpg|thumb|Aure]] [[File:Marriage Forgiveness.jpg|thumb|Auren soyayya ]] [[File:Weeding Ange 14.jpg|thumb|wasu masoya a ranar auren su]] '''[[Aure]]''' kuma ana kiransa da '''matrimony''' a [[Turanci|turance]] ko '''daurin aure''', ita ce zamantakewa tsakanin [[miji]] da [[mata]], wanda haduwar ke haifar da iko da wajabci a tsakanin ma'auratan, da kuma tsakaninsu da 'ya'yan, da zasu haifa ko su dauki riko ta hanyar wannan auren.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=Prins |first2=Harald E.L. |last3=McBride |first3=Bunny |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |year=2011 |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81178-7 |edition=13th}} "A nonethnocentric definition of marriage is a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws."</ref> Akwai ire-iren aure iri biyu: i. [[Auren Hausawa|Auren]] [[Gargajiya]]; ii. [[Zamanin Zamani|Auren Zamani]] Dukkansu aure ne wanda akeyi tsakanin masoya biyu tare da yardar masoyan da kuma iyayensu.<ref>https://lawpadi.com/types-of-marriages-in-nigeria/</ref> == ''Bayani Akan Ire-iren Aure.'' == Idan akace kasuwar aure musamman akasa irin nijeriya To yakasu zuwa ukune [[File:Marriage certificate LCCN2002710020.jpg|thumb|Shaidar Aure]] b. Auren zamani shine wanda akeyin shi a kotu tare da shaidawar alkali watau mai shara'a, ma'auratan suna biyan kudin fom daza su cika a gaban alkali. Bayan cika fom din za'a wallafa fom din a gidan jarida na kwan ashirin da daya (21), idan bayan wannan lokaci wani bai zo yace komai a kai ba, alkali zai basu takardan shaida daurin aure tsakanin masoyan biyu watau wanda da turanci ake kiranshi da "Marriage certificate" daga nan sai alkali yayi umarni da suje choci ko massalaci don aiwatarwa biza tsarin addinan da suke bi. ==Manazarta.== {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Zaman jama'a]] s4vd1rmskxecv1eh79evbeyf4cm1r19 0 11628 549101 512729 2024-11-30T16:42:19Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Market superintendent in Dikoa.jpg|thumb|Kalan mutanan madara]] [[Fayil:Mandara-ji, Main Hall 001.jpg|thumb|Mandara]] '''Mutanen Mandara''' ko '''Wandala''' ko kuma '''Mandwara''' kungiyar kabila ce dake Tsakiyar Afurka wacce ake samunsu a yankin arewacin [[Kamaru]] da sashin arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], da kuma kudu maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]].<ref name=":0">Mandara/Wandala Muller-Kosack Ethnic Handbook (1999).</ref> Suna magana da harshen Wandala wanda ke daga cikin reshen yarukan Chadi na Afro-Asiatic da ake samu a yankunan arewa maso gabashin Afurka.<ref>(Wandala, Ethnologue; Wandala: A language of Cameroon.</ref> Babu tsayayyen labari akan asalinsu. Suna rayuwa a yankin tsaunuka da kwari dag arewacin Kogin Benue na kasar [[Kamaru]], kuma sun dade da zama sashen Masarautar Musulunci na Mandara.<ref name=":2">J. D. Fage; Richard Gray; Roland Anthony Oliver (1975). ''The Cambridge History of Africa''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–83, 87–88, 99–106, 129–135. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20413-2|<bdi>978-0-521-20413-2</bdi>]].</ref> Yankin ta fuskanci cinikayyar bayi da kuma fataucin sashin sahara na Afurka har zuwa karni na 19.<ref name=":3">J. D. Fage; Richard Gray; Roland Anthony Oliver (1975). ''The Cambridge History of Africa''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–135. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20413-2|<bdi>978-0-521-20413-2</bdi>]].</ref> An san mutanen Mandara da kwarewa a fannin tseren dawaki da kuma sarrafa karafuna,<ref>David Nicholas (2012, Editor), Metals in Mandara mountains' society and culture, Africa World Press, [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1592218905|978-1592218905]], see Cameroon and Nigeria-related chapters: ''The development of endogamy among smiths of the Mandara mountains eastern piedmont: myths, history and material evidence'' by Olivier Langlois; and ''The wife of the village: understanding caste in the Mandara mountains'' by James H. Wade</ref> da al'ummarta dake zamantakewa cikin tsari.<ref>Sterner, Judy; David, Nicholas (1991). "Gender and Caste in the Mandara Highlands: Northeastern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon". ''Ethnology''. University of Pittsburgh Press. '''30''' (4): 355–369. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/3773690. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 3773690.</ref><ref>Michael S. Bisson; Terry S. Childs; De Philip Barros; et al. (2000). ''Ancient African Metallurgy: The Sociocultural Context''. AltaMira. pp. 160, 174–177. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-0592-5|<bdi>978-1-4617-0592-5</bdi>]].</ref><ref>Nicholas David; Carol Kramer (2001). ''Ethnoarchaeology in Action''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 75, 102–103, 206–221, 341. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66779-1|<bdi>978-0-521-66779-1</bdi>]].</ref> == Tarihi == Mutanen Mandara sun samo asaline daga [[Daular Mandara]], wanda Kuma ke zaune a yankin Tsaunin Mandara, na arewacin [[Kamaru]] da kuma iyakar ta na kuma arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a tsakanin [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]] da [[Mora, Kamaru]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">E Mohammadou (1982), Le royaume du Wandala ou Mandara au XIXe siecle, African Languages and Ethnography 14, Tokyo, pages 7-9</ref> Babu takamaiman labari akan kafuwarsu, wani labari na baka na cewa sun fara ne da wani Sarki Agamakiya a karni na sha uku 13, wanda ya jagorance su a yayinda ake kawo masu hari daga Sahel. Sun amshi addinin musulunci na Sunni a lokacin mulkin Sultan Bukar Aaji a cikin shekarun 1720s. Wani labarin ya sanar cewa Wandala Mbra ta samo asali ne daga 'ya'yan Mbra na Turu da Katala, diyar Vaya, ya amshi musulunci a dalilin haka ya kafa kungiya ta kabilar musulmai.<ref name=":1" /> Wata kila an sauya wadannan labarai a lokacin da masu jihadi na Fulani suka mamaye yankin Mandara, kama bayi, da sauran kabilu.<ref name=":2" /> Masana tarihi na musulunci sun lissafo mutanen Mandara, amma basu bada cikakken bayani akan asalin su ba. Wata majiyar daga Fartuwa ta ayyana cewa a da ba musulmai bane, sun musulunta ne a karni na sha shida 16. Wata majiya kuma ta sanar cewa, sarkin garin ne ya gayyaci wasu mutanen [[Fas]] na Morocco, don su zauna dashi. Sai ya karbi musulunci, suka koya masa da mutanensa al'adun musulmai kaman kaciya, sallah, zakkah, azumi a karni na sha takwas 18.<ref name=":2" /> Acikin karni na sha takwas 18 da na sha tara 19, arna sun zagaye yankin Mandara, kuma sune tushen cinikayyar bayi da kai hare-hare dan daukan bayi da kuma Ayarin bayi na Afurka.<ref name=":3" /> == Yammacin Afirka == * Harshen Mandara shine ɗ Bayan daga cikin harsunan Chadi * Masarautar Mandara ta Kamaru * Duwatsun Mandara na Kamaru * Mutanen Mandara, wanda kuma ake kira Mandrawa, na arewacin Kamaru da arewa maso gabashin Najeriya == Sauran == * El Mandara, wani yanki ne a [[Alexandria]], Egypt * Bali Mandara Toll Road, hanya ce mafi tsayi a Bali, Indonesia * Mandara ko Mandala, Hindu da Buddha abubuwan addini * Mutanen Mandara (Ostiraliya), ƙabilar Aboriginal ta Australiya * Itace Mandara, [[Legum|Legric]] ''Erythrina stricta'' * Itace Mandaraba, Itace Coral na Coral ( ''Erythrina variegata'' ) * ''Itatuwan'' kambin fure ''Calotropis gigantea'' * Dutsen Mandara, wani tsaunin almara ne a cikin Puranas na Hindu * Mandara< (jerin talabijin), jerin talabijin na Jamus * Yaren Mandara, yaren Austronesian wanda aka yi magana da shi a ƙungiyar Tabar na tsibiran, lardin New Ireland, Papua New Guinea * Mandara Spa, kamfani ne mai kula da harkar baki na duniya wanda aka kafa a Bali kuma yanzu yana Karkashin kamfanin ''Steiner Leisure Limited'' == Dubi kuma == * Mandala (disambiguation) * Mandar (disambiguation) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kabilu a Cameroon]] [[Category:Kabilu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kabilu a Chad]] 2w4dec5u2o4ohfil8s9lv2hdckcvz6o 0 12166 549348 498662 2024-12-01T08:06:08Z Maryamarh 29382 549348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Suhayb ibn Sinan ar-Rumi Masjid an-Nabawi Calligraphy.svg|thumb|suhayb ar rumi]] '''Suhayb dan Roma''' ko kuma Suhayb al-Rumi (da larabci: صُهَيْب ٱلرُّومِيّ‎, Ṣuhayb ar-Rūmīy, haihuwa c.587), kuma ana kiran shi da Suhayb ɗan Sinan (da larabci: صُهَيْب ٱبْن سِنَان‎), wanda a da ya kasance bawa ne. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sahabbai]] [[Category:Musulunci]] envmqjg7e3pqesj4cyhehnha47sapy6 0 12220 549092 534264 2024-11-30T16:29:48Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Germany Ghana Locator.png|thumb|yankin jamani]] [[Fayil:Regions of Ghana by HDI (2017).svg|thumb|yankin ghana]] [[Fayil:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Yankin ghana]] [[Fayil:Regions of Ghana by HDI (2017).svg|thumb|Ƙaura daga Ghana zuwa Jamus]] [[Fayil:Regions of Ghana by HDI (2017).svg|thumb|Ƙaura daga Ghana zuwa Jamus]] '''Hijira daga Ghana zuwa Jamus''' ya fara a farkon shekarun 1950 a lokacin da wata manufa ta yammacin Jamus ta ba da izinin tafiya tsakanin ɗalibai daga wasu kasashen Afirka zuwa Jamus don cigaba da karatunsu. Wannan manufar ita ce samar wa daliban ilimi da za su yi amfani a kasarsu ta asali lokacin da suka dawo. Kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2009, akwai 'yan kasar Ghana kimani 40,000 wadanda ke da asalin kaura a Jamus; Inda 'yan kasar ta Ghana da ke kaura ta Ghana 'da kuma' karni na biyu da na uku na 'yan Ghana da aka hakura a Jamus da yaran daga kawancen hadin gwirar da ba su yi kaura ba da kansu<nowiki>''</nowiki> , a cewar ''Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit'' (GTZ). A cewar (GTZ), akwai adadi mai yawa na baki ba tare da izini ba, yawancinsu sun isa Jamus tare da takardar izinin shiga amma suna zama ba tare da izinin zama ba bayan lokacin da aka ba su. == Sanadi da Dalilai na Kaura == [[File:Palm Beach Qld Surf Life Saving Club - Members visiting a surf carnival 1950s - Photo Robert McPherson IMG 0008 - Copy (6).jpg|thumb|hijira domin zuwa turai saboda rashin abinyi ]] Matsalar tattalin arziki, yake-yake, rikice-rikice na kabilanci da gwagwarmaya na rayuwa sune dalilin mutane da yawa sun bar kasarsu ta asali. Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a cikin duniya ya hadu da karancin tsoro kuma yana karuwa kowace shekara. Dalilan tattalin arziki, yawaitar talauci da kuma yawan jama'a suna daga wasu dalilan da ke tasiri ga mutane su bar gidajensu ko kuma asalinsu. == Nau'ikan Hijira daga Ghana zuwa Jamus == Za'a iya ganin nau'ikan kaura guda uku a cikin tarihin mutanen Ghana da ke kaura zuwa Jamus. Sun hada da kaura don ilimi, kaura neman mafaka, da kaura don haduwa da iyali. Ba kasafai aka ba wa bakin hauren 'yan kasar ta Ghana takardar izinin shiga ba. === Hijira ta Neman Ilimi === Yawancin baki masu neman ilimi suna kaura zuwa kasashe na uku bayan sun kammala karatunsu a Jamus. === Hijirar mai Neman Mafaka === Baki daga wannan lema sun zama wadanda ke dawwama a cikin Jamus a yau. Tun daga shekarun 1970, mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki da rikice-rikice siyasa a lokacin gwamnatocin sojoji a Ghana sun fadada adadin 'yan gudun hijirar Ghana da suka nemi mafaka a kasashen Turai da na Afirka. Takaddar karbar 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa daga Ghana ta cigaba da kasancewa kasa da kashi daya, yayin da hukumomi ke nuna yawancin Ghanaan gudun hijirar Ghana a matsayin yan gudun hijirar tattalin arziki. Mutane 112 ne kacal tsakanin 1983 da 2007 aka karba a matsayin a yan gudun hijirar siyasa.. === Haduwa ta Iyali === Baƙi a cikin wannan lema suna ɗaukar matsayin waɗanda ke dawwama a cikin Jamus a yau. Sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yan ƙasar Ghana na ƙaura suna zuwa Jamus ta hanyar haɗuwa da dangi. == Hijirar yau da Kullum da kan Lokaci zuwa Jamus == Kungiyar kasashen Duniya don Hijira ta fassara kaura ta yau da kullum a matsayin kaura wanda ke faruwa a cikin bin ka'idodi na kasar asalin, kaura, da makoma. (IOM) ta kuma bayyana kaura ta al'ada kamar motsin mutane wadanda ke faruwa a waje da dokoki, ka'idoji, ko yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da ke jagorantar shigowa ko fita daga asalin, jigilar kaya, ko makoma. Akwai hanyoyi don kaura don duka motsi na yau da kullum. === Hanyoyi na Yau da Kullum === Ofishin harkokin waje na tarayyar Jamus ya ba da shawarar hanyoyi daban-daban don aminci da kaura bisa doka dangane da dalilin kaura. Hanyan yau da kullum ana nufin samun visa. ==== Samun Visa ==== ===== '''Gajeran zaman visa''' ===== Ofishin jakadancin na Jamus ya ba da izinin karbar takardar visa ta Schengen na dan gajeran lokacin (har zuwa 90 kwanakin a tsakanin tsawon kwanaki 180) a cikin Jamus (da kasashen Turai a cikin yankin Schengen) don yawon shakatawa, ziyarar ko kuma dalilai na kasuwanci. Ana bukatar masu neman izini don cike fom, sanya alkawura. Ofishin jakadancin dake Accra ya ba da jerin abubuwan da ake bukata na takaddar visa. ===== '''Visa na Tsawon Lokaci''' ===== Ofishin jakadancin ya kuma ba da takardar izinin zama na dalibai ga dalibi, haduwa da iyali, takardar neman aiki a tsakanin wasu, da bayar da bukatunsu. === Hijira na Lokaci === [[File:LE_Eithne_Operation_Triton_(18645098829).jpg|alt=A boat with migrants, off the Libyan coast.|thumb| Jirgin ruwa tare da baki, a gefen tekun Libya. ]] Shiga da fice Afirka zuwa Turai ta hanyoyin da ba bisa doka ba yana da muhimmanci. Yawancin baki da ke yin irin wadannan tafiye-tafiye sun fito ne daga kasashen [[Afirka]] masu tasowa da ke neman ingancin rayuwa a Turai. Baki yawanci sukan je Arewacin Afirka, musamman [[Libya]], wanda ya zama farkon tashi kaura zuwa Turai ba bisa ka'ida ba. Daga Libya, suna tafiya cikin jirgi a tekun Bahar Rum. Wadansu bakin haure kuma suna bi ta kasa ta hanyar ''Enutawan na Ceuta da Melilla'', suna fuskantar mummunan rauni har ma da mutuwa. Masu fataucin mutane da masu fataucin mutane sun yi amfani da halin da ake ciki don samun kudi a ciki, galibi suna yin wa baki kawancen game da dama a Turai. A watan Yuni na shekarar 2019, IOM kididdiga ta nuna cewa mutuwar da aka yi wa lakabi da manyan hanyoyin uku na Tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Italiya, [[Malta]] da [[Cyprus]] a watan Yumi na 2019 sun kai mutane 555. Zuwa watan Disamba na 2019, adadin ya haura zuwa 738 tare da nutsar da ruwa, cin zarafi ta jiki, cin zarafin jima'i, matsananciyar yunwa, rashin lafiya da rashin damar kiwon lafiya da rashin ruwa a jiki sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa. An bayar da rahoton cewa 'yan kasar Ghana na kan gaba sosai a tsakanin bakin haure da ke fatan zuwa Turai duk da cewa kasar ta aminta da kwanciyar hankali ta fuskar siyasa fiye da sauran kasashen da bakin haure suke. Kimanin 'yan kasar Ghana 5,636 ne suka isa Italiya ta jirgin ruwa a shekarar 2016. A cikin 2017, yankin Brong-Ahafo, wanda yanzu ya kasu kashi uku na Ahafo, Brong da Bono Gabas, suna da mafi yawan kaura. Cikin mutane 4,092 da suka dawo daga Libya, mafi yawan 1,562, wanda ke wakiltar kaso 38.17 bisa dari, sun fito ne daga Brong Ahafo. Yankin Ashanti yana da 601, wanda ke nuna kashi 13.63. == Amincewa da Hijira na yasar Jamus == Yawancin mutanen da suka zo neman zama a Jamus ana tura su gudun hijira saboda da'awar su na neman mafaka, da 'yancin sake saduwa da dangi, ba su yi nasara ba. Masu neman mafaka kawai wadanda suka karbi dayan nau'ikan kariya hudu an ba su ikon zama. Siffofin guda hudu sun hada da Kariyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira, Shigarwa zuwa Mafaka, Kariyar Tallafi, da kuma dokar hana fitar dangi. Yawancin lokaci, masu neman nasara sune wadanda ba za su iya ba da shaidar zalunci a kasarsu ta asali da sauran manyan kalubalen gida ba. Mutanen da suka zo Jamus don inganta yanayin tattalin arzikin su ba 'yan gudun hijira bane. Bugu da kari, kaura daga wannan kasar ta EU zuwa wancan baya izinin sake neman izinin zama a wata kasar EU. Hakanan Jamus tana ba da taimako don dawo da son rai na wasu bakin haure. == Hanyoyin sadarwa na waje == [https://www.daad-ghana.org/en/study-research-in-germany/ghanaians-in-germany/ 'Yan Ghana a Jamus - DAAD] [https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration Yarjejeniyar Duniya don Hijira] [https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/sites/default/files/180713_agreed_outcome_global_compact_for_migration.pdf PDF] [https://accra.diplo.de/gh-en/service/05-VisaEinreise Visa da Tafiya zuwa Jamus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525063204/https://accra.diplo.de/gh-en/service/05-VisaEinreise |date=2019-05-25 }} [https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/africa Mutuwar Hijira] == Tunani == freekk493qad51r7s7juqur8y6g79ko 0 13225 549186 220343 2024-11-30T21:09:25Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 549186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} *[[Mopti (birni)]] *[[Mopti (yanki)]], eba7aac0167lenhmx7f497twln6k1sa 0 13303 548988 520732 2024-11-30T13:53:40Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na kara mahada 548988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Global Information Society Watch 2015 - Sexual Rights and the Internet.pdf|thumb]] '''Amina Wadood''' (an haife ta ranar 25, ga wutan satimba shekara ta alif 1952) Musulma ce yar [[Amurka]], mai ilimin [[Falsafa]] da ta mayar da hankali a kan tafsirin [[Al Kur'ani|Alkur'ani]] mai girma (fassarar littafi mai tsarki da rubutu). Amina ta musulunta kuma ta himmatu ga batun jiƙungiyoyin lunci.Ta kasance cikin kungiyoyin fararen hula da dama da kuma yunkuri don inganta ka'idodin daidaito na mata a karkashin ka'idodin [[Musulunci]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == Wadud an haife ta da suna Mary Teasley daga dangin Afirkawa-yan'Amurka a Bethesda, Maryland. Mahaifinta minista ne na Methodist. A shekarar ta alif 1972, ta musulunta, yayin da wata daliba a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, wacce ta halarta daga 1970 zuwa 1975. Ta sauya sunan ta zuwa Amina Wadud bayan shekaru biyu. == Karatu == A shekara ta 1975, Wadud ta sami digiri a jami'ar Pennsylvania tare da digiri na farko. [[Fayil:Amina Wadud.jpg|thumb|Amina Wadud]] Ta sami MA a Near Eastern Studies da Ph.D. a cikin [[Larabci]] da [[Ilimin Musulunci|Nazarin Addinin Musulunci]] daga Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1988. A lokacin karatun digiri makaranta, ta yi karatu a [[Misra|Misira]],ciki har da ci-gaba Larabci a [[American]] University a birnin [[Alkahira]], da kuma nazarin [[Alkur'ani]] ''da tafsirin'' ( tafsirin ko addini fassarar) a Alkahira University, da kuma [[falsafa]] a Al-Azhar University. == Aiki == Wadud ta kware ne akan karatun jinsi da na Kur’ani. Daga 1989 zuwa 1992, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Karatun Alqur’ani a IIUM. Yayin da take can, ta buga rubutunta na ''Qur'ani da Mace: Karatun Alƙur'ani mai girma daga Ra'ayin Mace'' da haɗin gwiwar istersungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Sisters a cikin Islama. <ref name="sistersinislam.org.my">[http://www.sistersinislam.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=916&Itemid=312 New Straits Times - The day I met Amina Wadud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061557/http://www.sistersinislam.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=916&Itemid=312 |date=2018-08-16 }} By Siti Nurbaiyah Nadzmi</ref> Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suke amfani da littafin har yanzu a matsayin rubutu na asali na masu fafutuka da masana, amma an dakatar dashi a [[Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar]] Daular [[Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa|Larabawa]]. A shekarar 1992, Wadud ta amince da matsayin Farfesa a Addini da Falsafa a Jami’ar ta Virginia. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2008, sannan ta dauki matsayin farfesa na ziyarar a Cibiyar Nazarin Addinin Addini da Cross na Jami’ar Gadjah Mada da ke Yogyakarta, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]. Wadud ta yi magana a jami'o'i, kazalika da tsarin tattaunawa, tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatoci da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba a duk faɗin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Gabas ta Tsakiya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, [[Afirka]] da [[Turai]]. Kasancewarta na magana sun hada da babban jigon taken "Musulunci, Adalci, da Jinsi" a taron kasa da kasa na 2008 ''Fahimtar Rikice-rikicen: Mabiyan Addinai'', Wanda aka gudanar a Jami'ar Aarhus, Denmark; takarda mai taken "Islama ''Na Iya Zaman Lafiya Ta Hanyar Hadin'' Gwiwar Cikakken Alkur'ani" a ''Musawah na'' 2009 ''- Adalci da Adalci a cikin'' taron ''Iyali'' ; Taron Yanki game da Inganta Nasihu Jinsi da karfafawa Mata a cikin Kungiyoyin Musulmi, wanda Asusun Raya Al'umma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNIFEM) da Cibiyar Addinin Musulunci da Pluralism (ICIP) suka gabatar a [[Jakarta]], Indonesia, a cikin Maris 2009; bita game da "Sharia da 'yancin ɗan adam" a Jami'ar Bergen, Norway a ƙarshen Nuwamba 2009; laccoci na jama'a mai taken "Matan Musulmai da Adalcin Jinsi: Hanyoyi, Hankali da ma'anar" ga Kwalejin Arts, Cibiyar Asiya, a Jami'ar Melbourne, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a watan Fabrairu 2010; lacca kan "Tawhid da Ci gaba na Ruhaniya don zamantakewar zamantakewa" a cikin Musulmai don Ci gaban Matsayi a Makarantar Addini ta Pacific a Berkeley, California a Yuli 2011. Wadud ta kuma fito fili ta ba da sanarwar "jam'i" da "daidaito" azaman goyan baya ga 'yancin LGBTQ +. == Jayayya == === Kiran 1994 === A watan Agusta shekara ta 1994, Wadood tsĩrar da wani Jumma'a xabi'a ''Khutbah'' (hadisin) a kan "Musulunci a matsayin tsunduma saranda" a Claremont Main Road Masallaci a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Matan da suke isar da jawabi ma kafin gabatar da Khutbah ba su ji ba a duniyar Musulmai . An ba da labari sosai cewa an ruwaito Wadud ya kawo khutbah (wa'azin larabci na yau da kullun da aka kawo daga bagade), wanda ba ta ba (ta gabatar da babban magana - a cikin Ingilishi kuma ba daga bagade ba - duk da haka jawabin pre-khutbah magana ne ba wani bangare na bikin Juma'a na al'ada). Sakamakon haka, wasu musulmai sun yi ƙoƙarin neman a kore ta daga matsayinta a jami’ar Virginia Commonwealth . === Jagorancin Sallah a 2005 === Fiye da shekaru goma bayan haka, Wadud ya yanke shawarar jagorantar sallar Juma'a ( ''[[Sallah|salat]]'' ) ga ikilisiya a Amurka, wanda ya karya da dokokin Musulunci, wanda ya ba da damar [[Liman|limamai limamai]] (shugabannin addu'o'i) a cikin majami'u masu jinsi. (Duba Mata a matsayin limamai don tattaunawa kan batun. ) Ranar Juma'a 18 ga Maris 2005, Wadud ya zama jagora a matsayin limami ga majami'ar mata kusan 60 da maza 40 suna zaune tare, ba tare da bambancin jinsi ba. Wata mata, Suheyla El-Attar ce ta yi [[Kiran Sallah|kiran salla]] . Tawagar ta 'Yan Matan Musulmai ta' Yanci, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Asra Nomani, ta yanar gizo Muslim WakeUp !, da kuma membobin ƙungiyar ungiyar musulmai masu ci gaba . Dayawa daga cikin masu zanga-zangar sun hallara a waje domin yin sallar. An gudanar da wannan taron ne a Gidan Taro, mallakinsa da kuma kusa da Cibiyar Episcopal Cathedral na St. John the Divine, a Manhattan's Morningside Heights, bayan [[Masallaci|masallatai]] uku sun ki karbar bakuncin sabis din kuma Dandalin Sundaram Tagore ya janye tayin sa bayan barazanar bam. Wadud ta ce yayin da ta fara son gabatar da addu’ar a wuri mai tsaka tsaki, amma bayan barazanar bam din, ta yanke hukunci kan cocin, ba don yin furuci ba, amma saboda tana son gudanar da addu’o’in ne a wuri mai tsarki. Ta ce, "Bana son canja masallatan musulmai. Ina so in karfafa zukatan musulmai, a cikin al'amuransu na jama'a, da masu zaman kansu da al'adunsu, su yarda cewa sun yi daidai. ==== Martani ==== Aikin ɗinyin addu'ar ya haifar da jayayya, tare da haɗuwa da rahusa daga al'ummar Musulmi. Maza da mata sama da 100 ne suka halarci addu’o’in, kuma kusan mutane 15 sun yi zanga-zanga a wajen cocin. [[Shehu|Sheikh]] [[Yusuf Alkardawi|Yusuf Al-Qaradawi]] na Qatar ya bayyana cewa, yayin da wata mace ta iya kai wasu mata da kuma ko da yiwu ta matasa da yara a cikin ''[[sallah]]'', ta iya ba kai a gauraye ƙungiyar ciki har da maras waɗanda ba muharramansu ba maza. Sheikh Sayyid Tantawi na masallacin Al-Azhar na Alkahira ya soki addu'ar a jaridar ''Al-Ahram ta'' Masar cewa: "Idan ta jagoranci maza a cikin salla, a wannan yanayin, ba daidai bane a gare su su kalli macen da jikinta yake a gabansu. . " Wasu masana ilimin addinin musulinci sun goyi bayan Wadud. Gamal al-Banna, masanin ilimin Masar ya bayar da hujjar cewa, dalilan musulinci ne ke tallafa mata ayyukanta. <ref name="sistersinislam.org.my"/> Mawallafi kuma malamin Makaranta na Harvard Divinity Leila Ahmed ta ce ta jawo hankali ga batun mata a cikin Islama. Malami malamin Islama Ebrahim EI Moosa ya kira addu'ar "gagarumin motsawa". Khaled Abou El-Fadl, malamin Nazarin Addinin Islama a UCLA, [[California|California ya]] ce: "Abin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke damuwa da su shine cewa za a sami sakamako mai kyau ba kawai a Amurka ba amma a duk faɗin duniyar Musulmi. Matan da aka koya musu da takaici da ba za su iya zama Imam ba, za su ga wani ya sami zage-zage ya karya mukaman sa kuma ya aikata su. " Saboda Wadud ta ce ta zama barazanar kisa, 'yan sanda da maigidanta, suna tsoron kariyar ta da mayar da martani game da damuwar da iyayen suka yi game da amincin yaransu, sun nemi ta gudanar da karatuttukan ta daga gida ta hanyar bidiyo . <ref>[http://articles.dailypress.com/2005-10-07/news/0510070026_1_muslim-women-amina-wadud-prayer-service Singing A Song Many Women Have Been Humming] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721121023/http://articles.dailypress.com/2005-10-07/news/0510070026_1_muslim-women-amina-wadud-prayer-service |date=2011-07-21 }} By Richmond Times</ref> A hirarta ta farko bayan sallar, Wadud ya musanta karbar barazanar kisa kuma ya bayyana su da matsayin kafofin yada labarai. Wadud ta ci gaba tare da yin jawabinta na yin magana da kuma jagorantar aiyukan sallar juma'a masu hade da juna. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2005, bayan jawabinta a babban taron kasa da kasa game da Feminism Islamic in [[Barcelona]], [[Hispania|Spain]], an gayyace ta ta jagoranci wata majami'un mutane kusan talatin. Sakamakon gayyatar da Cibiyar Ilimi Musulmi na Oxford ta gabatar, ta jagoranci sallar auratayya a kasar Burtaniya, duk da cewa Musulmai da ke shirin halartar sun kasance suna fuskantar barazanar cewa za su yi watsi da limamai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta hanyar ziyartar masallatai. === 2013 rigima a Jami'ar Madras === Wadud zata gabatar da lacca a ranar 29 ga Yulin 2013 kan 'Jinsi da Canji a Islama' a Jami'ar Madras da ke [[Chennai]], India. An soke karatuttukan da aka shirya saboda 'yan sanda sun kawo damar yin amfani da doka tare da ba da umarni ga matsaloli a saboda adawa da ƙungiyoyin Musulmi. SM Syed Iqbal, sakatare janar na Indiya Towheed Jamad, ta ce ta zo tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Amurka kuma tana ba da ra'ayin da ake kira ci gaban da ya sabawa ka'idojin addinin Musulunci, kuma cewa kayanta za su yi zanga-zanga a gaban wuraren wasannin. an ba ta damar magana. == Kyaututtuka == A cikin 2007, Wadud ta karbi kyautar Demokradiyya ta Danish.   == Rayuwarta == Amina Wadud tana da 'ya'ya biyar da jikoki uku. Tana zaune a Oakland, [[California]] . == Bayyana a labarai == Wadud ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga shirin fim na ''Muhammad: Gano Annabi'' (2002) wanda Gidauniyar Hadin kai ta Unityungiyar Halittu ta samar da kuma watsa shirye-shirye akan PBS . An yi hira da Wadud ta rediyon WNYC a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2006, don tattaunawa kan littafinta ''<nowiki/>'Inuwa da Jihad'' . Ta amsa tambayoyi da sharhi game da sauran ayyukan da suka haɗa da mata cikin hidimar sallar juma'a da aka haɗa. A shekara ta 2007, Wadud ya kasance batun shirin fim ɗin Iran-Dutch, Elli Safari, wanda ake kira " ''The Noble Struggle of the Amina Wadud'' ". == Zaɓaɓɓun littaf == * Wadud, Amina (1999). Alkur’ani da mace suna karatun alƙur’ani daga hangen nesa na mace . New York: Jami'ar Oxford. ISBN   <bdi> Wadud, Amina (1999). </bdi> Wadud, Amina (1999). * Wadud, Amina (2006). A cikin Jihad din jinsi: gyaran mata a Musulunci . Oxford: Dunkulalliya. ISBN   <bdi> Wadud, Amina (2006). </bdi> Wadud, Amina (2006). Ya ci gaba da binciken Kur'ani na Wadud kuma yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da ta samu a matsayinta na Musulma, matar, uwa, 'yar uwa, masanin ilimi, da gwagwarmaya. === Babobi a cikin littattafai === * Wadud, Amina (2005), "Citizenship and faith", in Friedman, Marilyn (ed.), Women and citizenship,Studies in Feminist Philosophy,Oxford New York: Oxford University Press,pp.170–187,ISBN 9780195175356. == Duba kuma == * Asma Barlas * Asma Lamrabet * Fatema Mernissi * Ziba Mir-Hosseini * Azizah Y. al-Hibri * Hada Masallaci Tsarkaka. == Karin karatu == * Lichter, Ida (2009). Muslim women reformers : inspiring voices against oppression. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1591027160. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.ciis.edu/academics/graduate-programs/womens-spirituality/amina-wadud Amina Wadud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613091940/https://www.ciis.edu/academics/graduate-programs/womens-spirituality/amina-wadud |date=2020-06-13 }}, Cibiyar Nazarin Hadin Kai ta California * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/interviews/wadud.html Tattaunawa da Amina Wadud], "Musulmai" na ''Frontline'' * [http://www.halalmonk.com/amina-wadud-reformed-theology Hirar Amina Wadud], Halal Monk * [http://www.newint.org/features/2002/05/01/aishahs-legacy/ Asalin A'ishah] da Amina Wadud ta buga a mujallar ''New Internationalist'' (Baiti na 345, Mayu 2002) [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mutanan Malezia]] [[Category:Mai gare yakin mata]] ekpsekxiztvq192z0uoggg9wd9vmy4o 0 13409 549004 501038 2024-11-30T14:21:58Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 549004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Bellifortis Queen of Sheba.jpg|thumb|zannen bilkisu]] [[Fayil:Gertrud Bock-Schnirlin Solomon and the Queen of Sheba 1930.jpg|thumb|zanen hoton bilkisu]] '''Sarauniyar Sheba''' (Hebrew; Arabic Al Malikah Balqis) suna ne na wata shahararriyar mace da aka fara ambata a cikin littafin Hibranci. A cikin asalin labarin na farko, ta kawo kyautuka cikin amalanku da yawa ga Sarki Sulemanu na Isra'ila. Wannan labarin ya sami cikakkun Ƙarin bayanai game da yahudanci, da [[Musulunci|Islama]], da Habasha, kuma ya zama batun dayan manyan labarai na tarihin Afirka. Masana tarihi na zamani sun kuma gano da cewa Sheba itace dake Daular Sheba a Arabiya ta Kudu yanzu itace [[Yemen]]. An yi jayayya game da kasantuwar Sarauniyar a tsakanin masana tarihi. <ref>National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45.</ref> [[File:Queen of Sheba0027.jpg|thumb| Sarauniyar Sheba]] == Labaran tarihi == === Littafin Injila === Amfani da kalmar ' ''doiddot'' ko' ' ''tatsuniyoyi'' ' ( 1 Sarakuna 10: 1), kalmar ''lafazin'' Aramaic wacce siffarta ke nuna motsi mai motsi bai wuce karni na shida kafin haihuwar Yesu ba, yana nuna ƙarshen asalin rubutun. Tunda babu ambaton faɗuwar Babila a cikin 539 BC, Martin Noth ya riƙe cewa Littafin Sarakuna ya sami cikakkiyar ma'amala a kusan 550 BC. Kusan dukkan malamai na zamani sun yarda cewa Sheba ita ce masarautar Arab ta Kudu ta Saba, wadda ke kewaye da yankin Marib, a cikin [[Yemen]] yau. Sheba sanannun sanannun duniya ne, kuma ana kiran ƙasarsa Arabia Felix. A kusan tsakiyar karni na farko BC, akwai kuma mutanen Sabiya a yankin Afirka, a yankin da daga baya suka zama daular Aksum. Akwai biyar wuraren a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki inda marubucin ya bambanta ''Sheba''), Watau Yemenite Sabaeans, daga ''Seba''), watau 'yan Sababin Afirka. A cikin Zab. 72:10 an ambace su tare: "Sarakunan Sheba da Seba za su ba da kyaututtuka". Wannan bambance-bambancen kalma, koyaya, na iya zama ma'anaitaccen bayani ne; Rubutun 'yan asalin ƙasa ba su da wannan bambanci, kuma duka' yan Yaman da na 'yan Afirka ba a can aka haife su dai-dai iri ɗaya. Rubuce-rubucen haruffan daga Kudancin Arabia ba su da wata hujja ga mata masu mulkin, amma rubutattun bayanan Assuriyawa sun ambaci sarakunan Arabiya a arewa. Queens suna da kyau sosai a cikin Arabia, duk da cewa bisa ga Kitchen, ba bayan 690 BC ba ''Furthermoreari'' , kabilun Sabae sun san taken ''mqtwyt'' ("babban jami'in"). ''Makada'' ko ''Makueda'', sunan sarauniyar a cikin tatsuniyar Habasha, ana iya fassara shi a matsayin sanannen ma'anar fassara ta taken ''mqtwyt''. Wannan taken ana iya samo shi daga tsohuwar ''m'asar'' Masar ta ''m'kit'' (𓅖𓎡𓇌𓏏𓏛) "uwargida, uwargida". Ziyarar sarauniyar na iya zama manufa ta kasuwanci. Kasuwancin farko na Kudancin Arabiya tare da Mesopotamiya wanda ya haɗa da itace da kayan yaji waɗanda raƙuma ke jigilar su an tabbatar da su a farkon karni na tara BC kuma watakila an fara shi har zuwa na goma. Tsohuwar Masallacin Awwām na Sabaic, wanda aka fi sani da ''tatsuniyoyi'' kamar ''Maḥram'' ("Wuri Mai Tsarki") ''Bilqīs'', ba da ''daɗewa ba masana archaeoji sun haƙa'', amma ba a gano asalin Sarauniyar Sheba ba har yanzu a cikin rubutattun rubuce-rubuce da dama da aka samu a wurin. Wani Sabean Haikalin, da Barran Haikali (Arabic), kuma ana kiranta da ''<nowiki/>'Arash Bilqis'' ("Al'arshi na Bilqis"), wanda kamar gidan nan na Awam mai kusa kuma an sadaukar dashi ga allahn Almaqah, amma haɗin da ke tsakanin gidan ibadar Barran da Sheba ba a kafa shi ba ta hanyar archaeologically ko dai. Labarun Littafi Mai-Tsarki game da Sarauniyar Sheba da jiragen ruwa na Ofir sun kasance tushen al'adar tatsuniyoyi game da Isra'ilawa suka yi tafiya a cikin Sarauniyar Sheba yayin da ta dawo ƙasarta don ta haife shi da Sulemanu. === Kiristanci === [[Sabon Alkawari|Nassosin Kirista sun]] ambaci wata “sarauniyar Kudu” (Greek, Latin), wanda “ya zo daga ƙarshen duniya”, watau daga ƙarshen duniya ta sanannu, don ya ji hikimar Sulemanu ( [[Matiyu|Mt]] 12:42; Lk. 11:31). Ma'anar su ta asali game da Waƙar Waƙoƙi, wacce ake jin tana iya samar da ainihin tushen ra'ayoyin waɗanda ake zargin, ta bayyana a farkon ta a cikin Origen, wanda ya rubuta sharhi mai zurfi game da Waƙar Waƙoƙi. A cikin sharhinsa, Origen ya bayyana amarya ta Waƙar Waƙoƙi tare da "sarauniyar Kudu" ta Linjila, watau Sarauniyar Sheba, wacce ake zaton ta Habasha ce. Wasu sun ba da shawarar ko dai auren Sulaiman tare da 'yar Fir'auna, ko kuma aurensa da wata mace Ba'isra'ile, Shulamite. Tsohon shine ra'ayin da aka fi so daga masu fassarar asusai har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 18; na ƙarshen ya samu tun farkon gabatarwar ta Good (1803). Ana zaton amaryar Canticles ta kasance baƙaƙen saboda wani sashi na Waƙar Waƙoƙi 1: 5, wanda Revised Standard Version (1952) fassara a matsayin "Ina da duhu, amma kyakkyawa", kamar yadda Jerome ( [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] : ''Nigra jimla, sed formosa'' ), yayin da New Revised Standard Version (1989) yana da "Ni baƙi ne kyakkyawa", kamar yadda Septuagint (Ancient Greek). Wata almara tana nuna cewa Sarauniyar Sheba ta kawo wa Sulemanu duk irin kyaututtukan da Magi daga baya suka ba wa Kristi. A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, Kiristocin wani lokaci sukan bayyana Sarauniyar Sheba da sibyl ''Sabba''. ==== 'Yan Koftik ==== Labarin Sulaiman da sarauniya ya shahara tsakanin 'yan Kofi, kamar yadda aka nuna a wasu gungun almara na' yan Koftik a cikin Papyrus na Berlin. Sarauniyar, tun da yaudarar ta ya ba ta, ta ba wa Sulemanu wani ginshiƙi wanda duk aka yi rubutu a kimiyyan duniya. Sulaiman ya aiko da ɗaya daga aljannunsa ya jero dutsen daga Habasha, inda ya sauka nan take. A cikin waƙar gargajiyar waƙoƙi, Sarauniyar Yesaba ta Cush tana tambayar gumbuka na Sulaiman. ==== Habasha ==== [[File:The_Queen_of_Sheba_(2131716999).jpg|thumb| Hoton Sarauniyar Sheba ta ƙarni na 17 a cikin wata coci a Lalibela, Habasha kuma a yanzu a Gidan Tarihi na Habasha a [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] ]] Cikakken kuma ingantaccen juzu'in labari ya bayyana a cikin ''Kebra Nagast'' (Daukaka na Sarakuna), Fadan Habasha wanda aka fassara daga Larabci a 1322. Anan Menelik Ni ɗan Sulaiman ne da ''Makeda'' (sunan Italiyanci ga sarauniyar Sheba) daga wanda daular Habasha ta ce daga yau. Yayin da labarin Abisiniya ya ba da cikakkun bayanai, amma ba a ambaci wani ambaton kafafun Sarauniya ba ko wani abin da zai yi tasiri a kan ta. Dangane da Linjilar [[Matiyu|Matta]] (12:42) da Luka (11:31), "sarauniyar Kudu" ana iƙirarin itace sarauniyar Habasha. A waɗancan lokatai, sarki Sulemanu ya nemi merchantsan kasuwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya don siyan kayayyakin don ginin Haikalin. Daga cikinsu akwai Tamrin, babbar 'yar kasuwar Sarauniya Makeda ta Habasha. Bayan da ta koma Habasha, Tamrin ta faɗa wa sarauniyar abubuwan ban al'ajabi da ya gani a Urushalima, da kuma hikimomi da karimcin Sulemanu, inda ta yanke shawarar ziyartar Sulaiman. An yi mata maraba sosai, aka ba ta fadar inda take zama, ana karɓar kyaututtuka masu yawa kowace rana. Sulaiman da Makeda sun yi magana da hikima sosai, kuma suka koyar da shi, sai ta koma addinin Yahudanci. Kafin ta tafi, an yi babban biki a gidan sarki. Makeda ta kwana a gidan dare, bayan da Solomon ya rantse ba zai yi mata wata lahani ba, alhali kuwa ta rantse cewa ba za ta yi sata daga gare shi ba. Tun da abinci ya ke yaji, Makeda ta farka da daddare, da dare ta sha ruwa, lokacin da Sulaiman ya bayyana, yana tunatar da shi rantsuwa. Ta amsa: "Yi watsi da rantsuwar ka, kawai bari in sha ruwa." A wannan daren, Sulaiman ya yi mafarki game da rana ta fito kan Isra’ila, amma da yahudawa suka wulakanta su suka raina shi, rana ta karkata ta haskaka kan Habasha da Rome (watau daular Byzantine). Sulaiman ya ba wa Makeɗa zobe kamar alamar imani, sannan ta tafi. Tana kan hanyarta ta zuwa gida, ta haifi ɗa, wanda ta sanya wa suna Baina-leḥkem (watau Bin al-ḥakīm, "ofan Mai hikima", wanda ake kira Menilek daga baya). Bayan yaron ya girma a Habasha, ya je Urushalima yana ɗaukar zoben, kuma aka karɓe shi da babbar daraja. Sarki da jama'a sunyi kokarin banza don shawo kansa ya zauna. Sulemanu ya tattara manyansa ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai aiko ɗan farinsa zuwa Habasha tare da Ethiopiaa firstansu na fari. Ya kara da cewa yana tsammanin yana da dan na uku, wanda zai auri Sarkin 'yar Rome ya kuma yi mulkin Rome, ta yadda zuriyar Dauda za ta mallaki duk duniya. Zadok babban firist kuwa ya naɗa shi sarki, ya sa masa suna Dawuda. Manyan noan fari da suka biyo shi suna, kuma har wa yau wasu iyalai na Habasha suna da'awar zuriyarsu daga wurinsu. Kafin su tafi, 'ya'yan firistocin sun sace akwatin alkawari, bayan shugabansu Azaryas ya miƙa hadaya kamar yadda malaikan Allah ya umurce shi. Tare da kuka da yawa, rundunarsu ta bar Urushalima a kan motar jigilar iska kuma shugaban mala'ikan Mika'ilu ya ɗauka. Bayan sun isa Jar Teku, Azaryas ya bayyana wa mutane cewa jirgin yana tare da su. Dauda ya yi wa akwatin alkawari, mutanen kuwa suka yi murna, suna raira waƙa, suna rawa, masu busa ƙaho, suna busa kakoki. Akwatin ya nuna ikonsa na mu'ujiza yayin tsallaka Tekun Hadari, kuma dukkansu sun iso ba a tsira ba. Da Sulemanu ya ji an saci akwatin, sai ya aika da mahayan dawakai bayan masu satar, har ma ya ba da kansa, amma ba su iya kama su. Sulemanu ya koma Urushalima, ya kuma umarci firistocin su yi shuru game da sata kuma su sanya akwatin a cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki, don al'umman baƙi ba za su iya cewa Isra'ila ta yi fice ba. A cewar wasu bayanai, Sarauniya Makeda wani bangare ne na daular da Za Besi Angabo ya kafa a 1370 kafin haihuwar Kristi, tare da kakanta da mahaifinta kuma sune mazan karshe na masarautar. Zabi dangi ya zabi sarauta Aksum shine dan uwan Makeda, Yarima Nourad, amma rasuwarsa a farkon shine ya haifar da magajin nasa. A bayyane ta mallaki masarautar Habasha sama da shekara 50. A cikin Littafin Aksum na Habasha, an bayyana Makeda da kafa sabon birni a Azeba.   Edward Ullendorff ya ce ''Makeda'' cin hanci ce ta Candace, sunan ko taken sarakunan Habasha da dama daga Meroe ko Seba . Candace sunan waccan Sarauniyar Habasha wanda shugabansu ya karɓi Kristanci a ƙarƙashin wa'azin Philip mai Bishara (Ayukan Manzanni 8:27) a cikin 30 AD A cikin karni na 14 (? ) Siffar bidiyon bidiyon soyayyar Alexander, [[Alakszandira|Alexander the Great]] of Macedonia (Ethiopic ''Meqédon'') an ce ya hadu da wata sarauniya ''Kandake'' ta Nubia. Masana tarihi sun yi imani da cewa daular Sulemanu ta fara ne a 1270, tare da mai martaba Yekuno Amlak, wanda, tare da goyon bayan Cocin Habasha ya kifar daular Zagwe, wanda ya mallaki Habasha tun daga wani lokaci a cikin karni na 10. Haɗin da Sarki Sulaiman ya ba da tushe mai ƙarfi ne ga haɗin kan Habasha. "Habasha suna ganin kasarsu a matsayin ƙasar da Allah ya zaɓa, wurin hutu na ƙarshe da ya zaɓa don jirgin - kuma Sheba da ɗanta sune hanyar da ta shigo wurin". Duk da cewa daular ta kasance a hukumance a 1769, tare da Emperor Iyoas, sarakunan Habasha sun ci gaba da gano alakar tasu, har zuwa lokacin da sarki na karni na 20, Haile Selassie. A cewar wata al'ada, Yahudawan Habasha ( Beta Isra'ila, "Falashas") su ma suna bin asalin zuriyarsu ne ga Menelik I, ɗan Sarki Solomon da Sarauniyar Sheba. Wani ra'ayin da ya fi bayyana tarihi shi ne cewa Falashas sun fito ne daga waccan yahudawan da suka zauna a Masar bayan hijira na farko, kuma wanene, bayan faduwar mulkin Farisa (539-333 BC) a kan iyakar Kogin Nilu, ya shiga cikin Sudan., daga nan suka shiga sassan yamma na Abisiniya. Sarakuna da yawa sun jaddada mahimmancin ''Kebra Negast'' . Misalin farko na wannan za'a iya samo shi a cikin wata wasika daga Yar Kasa Kasa (King John IV) zuwa ga Sarauniya Victoria a 1872. Kasa ta ce, "Akwai wani littafi mai suna ''Kebra Nagast'' wanda ya ƙunshi dokar ƙasar Habasha gaba ɗaya, kuma sunayen shuwagabannin (gwamnoni), majami'u da larduna suna cikin wannan littafin. Ina rokon ku gano wanda ya sami wannan littafin, ya aika min, gama a ƙasata mutanena ba za su yi biyayya ga umarnina ba tare da shi ba. ” Duk da mahimmancin tarihi da aka baiwa ''Kebra Negast'', har yanzu akwai shakku kan ko Sarauniya ta hau kujerar. === Bayahude === A cewar Josephus ( Ant. 8: 165 - 173), sarauniyar Sheba ita ce sarauniyar Misira da Habasha, kuma ta kawo wa Isra’ila samfurori na farko na balsam, wanda ya girma a cikin ƙasa mai tsarki a lokacin masanin tarihin. Josephus (Antiquities 2.5‒2.10) yana wakiltar Cambyses kamar yadda ya mamaye babban birnin Aethiopia, da canza sunansa daga Seba zuwa Meroe. Josephus ya tabbatar da cewa Sarauniyar Sheba ko ta Saba ta fito daga wannan yankin, kuma tana ɗauke da sunan Saba kafin ta san Meroe. Haka kuma akwai kusanci tsakanin kalmar Saba da suna ko taken sarakunan Aethiopians, Sabaco. Talmud ( Bava Batra 15b) ya nace cewa ba mace ba ce amma kuma mulkin Sheba (wanda ya danganci fassarorin fassarar Ibrananci ''mlkt'' ) da ya je Urushalima, a fili yake da niyyar rage labarun da ke akwai game da ''alaƙar'' da ke tsakanin Sulemanu da Sarauniya. Baba Bathra 15b: "Duk wanda ya ce ''malkath Sheba'' (I Sarakuna X, 1) yana nufin mace ta yi kuskure; ... yana nufin masarautar (מַלְכֻת) na Sheba". An yi bayanin wannan da ma'anar cewa ita mace ce da ba ta kasance a matsayinta ba saboda ta auri sarki, amma ta iyakancinta. <ref>Maharsha Baba Bathra 15b</ref> Mafi kyawun bayani dalla-dalla game da ziyarar da Sarauniya ta kawo wa Sulaiman an ba shi cikin Targum Sheni ga Esta (duba: [[wikisophia:Translation:Colloquy of the Queen of Sheba|Colloquy na Sarauniyar Sheba]] ). Wani hoopoe ya sanar da Sulaiman cewa masarautar Sheba ita ce masarautar da ba ta da iko a duniya kuma sarauniya tana bauta wa rana. Ya aika da shi ga Kitor a ƙasar Sheba tare da wasiƙar da aka haɗe da reshensa wanda ke umurta sarauniya ta zo masa da batun. Bayan haka sai ta aika masa da dukkan jiragen ruwa na teku waɗanda aka ɗauke da kyautai masu tamani da samari 6,000 masu daidaita, waɗanda duka aka haife su a lokaci guda, suka sa riguna masu launin shunayya. Sun dauki wasika suna shelanta cewa za ta iya zuwa Urushalima cikin shekaru uku dukda cewa tafiyar ta dauki shekaru bakwai. Lokacin da Sarauniyar ta zo, ta zo gaban gidan Sulemanu, tana tunanin ƙasan gilashin ruwa ne, sai ta ɗora rigarta, ta buɗe ƙafafunta. Sulaiman ya sanar da ita kuskurensa kuma ya tsauta mata saboda gashin ta. Ta nemi shi uku ( Targum Sheni zuwa Esta 1: 3) ko kuma, bisa ga Midrash ( Mis. Ii 6; Yalḳ. Ii., § 1085, Midrash ha-Hefez ), mafi tsarguwa don gwada hikimarsa. Rubutun wani dan kasar Yemen mai taken "Midrash ha-Hefez" (wanda S. Schechter ya buga a ''Folk-Lore'', 1890, pp. &nbsp; 353 et seq.) Yana ba da gwanaye goma sha tara, yawancinsu ana samunsu warwatse cikin Talmud da Midrash, wanda marubucin "Midrash ha-Hefez" ya ba Sarauniyar Sheba. Yawancin waɗannan tsarukan roƙo ne kawai tambayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wasu basu da haɓaka mai haɓaka. Abubuwa biyu wadanda suke da tatsuniyoyi na hakika sune: "Ba tare da motsi ba yayin da yake raye, yana motsa yayin da aka yanke kan kansa", da kuma "An samar da shi daga ƙasa, mutum yana samarwa da shi, yayin da abincin shi ne 'ya'yan ƙasa". Amsar tsohuwar ita ce, "itace, wanda idan an cire saman sa, za a iya sanya shi cikin jirgin ruwa mai motsi"; Amsar ƙarshen ƙarshen ita ce, "wick". Malaman da ke tir da Sulaiman sun fassara 1 Sarakuna 10:13 da ma'anar cewa Sulemanu ya yi ma'amala da Sarauniyar Sheba, wacce ita ce Nebukadnesar, wanda ya rushe haikalin (hada. Rashi ad local. ). A cewar wasu, zunubin aka danganta wa Sulaiman a cikin 1 Sarakuna 11: 7 et seq. kawai alamu ne: ba ana nufin cewa Sulaiman ya faɗi cikin bautar gumaka bane, amma yana da laifin ƙin hana matansa ayyukan gumaka ( Shab. 56b). Haruffan Sirach sun nuna cewa Nebukadnezzar ɗan itacen ne na haɗin tsakanin Sulemanu da Sarauniyar Sheba. A cikin Kabbalah, ana daukar Sarauniyar Sheba a matsayin daya daga cikin sarakunan aljanu kuma wani lokacin ana danganta shi da Lilith, da farko a cikin Targum na Ayuba (1:15), daga baya kuma a cikin Zohar da litattafai masu zuwa. Wani camfi na Yahudu da na Larabawa ya tabbatar da cewa Sarauniya hakika aljannu ce, rabin mutum da rabin aljan. A cikin tarihin Ashkenazi, ita ana haɗa ta da sanannen hoton Helen na Troy ko kuma Frau Venus na tatsuniyoyin Jamusanci. Haushin Ashkenazi yawanci suna wakiltar Sarauniyar Sheba a matsayin mawakiya mai lalata. Har zuwa tsararraki da suka gabata an nuna hotonta a matsayin mai satar yara da maita. === Musulunci === A cikin ''ayar da ta gabata'', bayan ta tsinkaye ƙasashe na kusa, tsuntsayen da aka sani da ''hud-hud'' ( hoopoe ) ya koma wurin Sarki Sulemanu yana ba da labarin cewa Sarauniya ce ta mallake ƙasar Sheba. A cikin wata wasika, Sulaiman ya gayyaci Sarauniyar Sheba, wanda kamar mabiyanta sun bauta wa rana, don miƙa wuya ga Allah. Ta bayyana cewa wasikar tana da daraja kuma tana tambayar manyan masu ba da shawara ga abin da ya kamata a ɗauka. Sun ba da amsa ta ambaton cewa an san masarautarta don ƙarfin ƙarfinta da karkata zuwa yaƙi, kodayake umarnin yana hannun ta kawai. A wani mataki da ke nuna halayen diflomasiya na shugabancinta, ta amsa da karfin gwiwa ba, amma ta hanyar tura jakadanta don gabatar da kyauta ga Sarki Sulaiman. Ya ki yarda da kyautar, yana mai cewa Allah ya ba mafi kyautuka kyauta kuma jakadu su ne kawai kyautar da kyautar suke bayarwa. Sarki Sulaiman ya umarci jakadun da su koma hannun Sarauniya da sakon batanci cewa idan ya yi mata nasiha, zai kawo abin da ba za ta iya kayar da ita ba. Daga nan Sarauniya ta yi shirin ziyartarsa a fadarsa. Kafin tazo, Sarki Sulaiman ya sa kursiyinsa ya koma fadarsa tare da taimakon masanin littafi, wanda ya sami damar motsa kursiyin a cikin idanuwa. Sarki Sulaiman ya rushe da kursiyinsa don gwada wayewarsa, ya tambaye ta ko da alama ta saba. Ta ba da amsa cewa yayin tafiyarta zuwa gare shi, koturta ta sanar da ita cewa kursiyin ya shuɗe kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ita da mabiyanta sun ƙuduri niyyar yin biyayya ga Allah. Daga nan sai Sarki Sulaiman ya yi bayanin cewa Allah ne kawai abin bautawa da za ta bauta, kada a hada shi da sauran allolin da ta kasance suna bauta wa. Daga baya aka nemi Sarauniyar Sheba ta shiga babban zauren. Da farko kallonta yayi kuskure zauren don tafki kuma ta ɗaga rigarta don kar rigar rigarta. Sarki Sulaiman ya sanar da ita cewa ita ba ruwa ba ce face taushi ce ta gilashi. Ganin cewa wannan abin al'ajabi ne wanda ba'a ta'ba ganin irinta ba, ta bayyana cewa a baya ta cutar da ranta amma yanzu tayi biyayya ga Sarki Sulaiman, ga Allah (27: 22 - 44). Labarin Sarauniyar Sheba a cikin [[Al Kur'ani|Alqur’ani ya yi]] musayar wasu kamanni da na Baibul da kuma sauran kafofin yahudawa. Wasu masu sharhi kan al'amuran musulmai kamar Al-Tabari, Al-Zamakhshari da Al-Baydawi sun kara bada labarin. Ga suka yi da'awar cewa Sarauniya sunan ne ''Bilqīs'' (Arabic), mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga Greek ko da Hebraised ''pilegesh'' ( "ƙwarƙwarar"). The Quran ba suna da Sarauniya, nufin ta a matsayin "wata mace wadda tanã su" (Arabic), <ref>[https://quran.com/27/23 Surat an-Naml 27:23]</ref> al'ummar Sheba. <ref>[https://quran.com/27/22 Surat an-Naml 27:22]</ref> === Yarbanci === The Yoruba Ijebu clan of [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]], [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]], claim that she was a wealthy, childless noblewoman of theirs known as ''[[Oba|Oloye]] Bilikisu Sungbo''. They also assert that a medieval system of walls and ditches, built sometime around the 10th century, was dedicated to her. After excavations in 1999, the archaeologist Patrick Darling was quoted as saying, "I don't want to overplay the Sheba theory, but it cannot be discounted&nbsp;... The local people believe it and that's what is important&nbsp;... The most cogent argument against it at the moment is the dating." == A rubuce-rubuce == === Medieval === Harkar da Sulaiman a cikin adabi, zane-zane, da kade-kade sun hada da maudu'in Sarauniyar Sheba da Shulammite na Waƙoƙin Waƙoƙi . Sarki Sulemanu da Sarauniyar Sheba ba batun gama gari ba ne har zuwa ƙarni na 12. A cikin tarihin kirista Sulemanu ya wakilci Yesu, kuma Sheba yana wakiltar Ikilisiyar da ke mara baya; Saboda haka haduwar Sheba tare da Sulemanu wanda ke ɗauke da kyaututtukan kyaututtuka ya nuna matsayin masu sihiri. A gefe guda, Sheba ya hau kujerar mulki wakilcin matsayin budurwa. An samo zane-zane na Sarauniyar Sheba a kan manyan mashahuran Gothic kamar Chartres, Rheims, Amiens, da Wells. Katolika na ƙarni na 12 a Strasbourg, Chartres, Rochester da Canterbury sun haɗa da zane-zane na zane-zane a cikin windows gilashi da kayan ado na ƙofar. <ref name="autogenerated1">Byrd, Vickie, editor; Queen of Sheba: Legend and Reality, ([[Santa Ana, California]]: The Bowers Museum of Cultural Art, 2004), p. 17.</ref> Hakanan zane-zane na Romanesque, zane mai ban dariya na mace baƙar fata a gidan sufi na Klosterneuburg. <ref>[[Nicholas of Verdun]]: Klosterneuburg Altarpiece, 1181; column #4/17, row #3/3. NB the accompanying subject and hexameter verse: "Regina Saba." "Vulnere dignare regina fidem Salemonis." [http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/record.php?record=33463 The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220746/http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/record.php?record=33463|date=2016-03-03}}; retrieved 24 December 2013.</ref> Sarauniyar Sheba, tana tsaye a ruwa a gaban Sulaiman, an nuna hoton ta a wata taga a Masarautar Kwalejin King, Cambridge. === Renaissance === [[File:Saabaghiberti.jpg|thumb| Doorofar baftisma Florence, Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378‒1455), taimako na tagulla. ]] Liyafar sarauniyar ta kasance wani sanannen zance a lokacin Renaissance na Italiya.Ya bayyana a cikin ƙofofin tagulla zuwa Florence Baptistery ta Lorenzo Ghiberti, a cikin frescoes daga Benozzo Gozzoli ( Campo Santo, Pisa ) da kuma cikin Raphael Loggie ( [[Vatican]] ). Misalan zane-zane na Venetian na Tintoretto ( Prado ) da Veronese ( Pinacotheca, [[Torino|Turin]] ). A cikin karni na 17, Claude Lorrain ta zana ''Zangon Sarauniyar Sheba'' (Gidajen Kasa, [[Landan]] ). Piero della Francesca's frescoes a Arezzo (c. 1466) akan ''Legend of the True Cross'' na dauke da panels biyu akan ziyarar sarauniya Sheba zuwa ga Solomon. An aiyana yadda sarauniyar tayi mamakin rukuni rukuni na pillars da a fadar Sarki Sulaiman.. [[File:Berta_Golahny_and_her_sculpture_"Sheba".jpg|thumb|Berta Golahny with her sculpture ''Sheba'']] === Literature === Boccaccio's ''On Famous Women'' ya biyo Josephus da yake kiran sarauniyar Sheba ''Nicaula''. Boccaccio ya bada bayanin cewa bawai kadai ita sarauniya ce a [[Ethiopia]] da [[Misra|Egypt]], amma ita sarauniya ce ga Arabia. Har wayau an rawaito ta da mallakar wata babbar fada a Meroe, wanda ke kusa da [[Nil|Nile rive"]], "practically on the other side of the world". From there Nicaula crossed the deserts of Arabia, through Ethiopia and Egypt and up the coast of the Red Sea, to come to Jerusalem to see "the great King Solomon". O takaitaccen labarin O. Henry ' Kyautar' yan Magi "ya ƙunshi bayanin da ya gabata don isar da darajar gashi na mata:" Da a ce Sarauniyar Sheba ta zauna a ɗakin bayan ƙetaren jirgin sama, Della za ta kyale gashinta ya rataye taga wata rana ta bushe dan kawai taji darajar kayanta da kyaututtukan girmamawa. ''Littafin'' Christine de Pizan ''Littafin Birnin Ladies ya'' ci gaba da babban taron da ake kira Sarauniyar Sheba "Nicaula". Mawallafin ya yaba wa Sarauniya saboda hikimar wayewar kai da ta addini kuma ya jera ta ban da matan Annabawan Ibrananci da na Ibrananci kamar yadda ta farko a jerin jarumai mata masu daraja.   Christopher Marlowe's ''Doctor Faustus'' refers to the Queen of Sheba as ''Saba'', when Mephistopheles is trying to persuade Faustus of the wisdom of the women with whom he supposedly shall be presented every morning. r daGérard de Nerval's autobiographical novel, ''Voyage to the Orient'' (1851), details his travels through the Middle East with much artistic license. He recapitulates at length a tale told in a Turkish cafe of King Soliman's love of Balkis, the Queen of Saba, but she, in turn, is destined to love Adoniram (Hiram Abif), Soliman's chief craftsman of the Temple, owing to both her and Adoniram's divine genealogy. Soliman grows jealous of Adoniram, and when he learns of three craftsmen who wish to sabotage his work and later kill him, Soliman willfully ignores warnings of these plots. Adoniram is murdered and Balkis flees Soliman's kingdom. Léopold Sédar Senghor 'Elégie zuba la Reine de Saba ", wanda aka buga a cikin ''fitattun labarun Elégies'' a 1976, ya yi amfani da Sarauniyar Sheba cikin waƙar soyayya da kuma saƙon siyasa. A cikin shekarun 1970s, ya yi amfani da Sarauniyar Sheba tatsuniya don fadada ra'ayinsa game da Negritude da Eurafrique ta hanyar "Arab-Berber Africa". Littafin Rudyard Kipling ''Just So Labarun'' ya hada da tatsuniyar "The Butterfly That Stffin". A ciki, Kipling yana bayyana Balkis, "Sarauniya wacce ta kasance ta Sheba da Sable da Kogin Zinare na Kudu" mafi kyau, kuma watakila kawai, ƙaunatattun matan 1000 na Suleiman-bin-Daoud, Sarki Sulaiman. A bayyane ya nuna babban hikima, "Balkis, kusan mai hikima ne kamar Mafi Sulaiman-bin-Daoud"; amma duk da haka Kipling na iya nuna wata hikima a wurin ta fiye da mijinta, ta yadda zata iya yin amfani da miji a hankali, azancinsa da kuma abubuwan da ya yi umarni, da sauran matan 999 na Suleimin-bin-Daoud, marubucin malam buɗe ido da taken matar malam buɗe ido, ta haka ne ya kawo jituwa da farin ciki ga duka. Sarauniyar Sheba ta bayyana a matsayin hali a cikin ''The ring of Sulaiman'', littafi na huɗu a cikin Jonathan Stroud 's ''Bartimaeus Sequence''. An nuna shi a matsayin macen da ba ta da amfani, wanda, yana tsoron girman ikon Sulemanu, ya aika da shugaban maigidansa don kashe shi, yana saita abubuwan da ke cikin littafin a motsi. === Fim === [[File:Betty_Blythe_Queen_of_Sheba_adjusted.jpg|right|thumb| Betty Blythe a matsayin sarauniya a ''cikin Sarauniyar Sheba'' (1921). ]] === Music === {{Listen|filename=Handel - Arrival of the Queen of Sheba.ogg|title=Arrival of the Queen of Sheba|description=''Arrival of the Queen of Sheba'' by [[Georg Friedrich Händel]].}} * ''Sulaiman'' (wanda aka haɗa a 1748; an fara yi a 1749), oratorio na George Frideric Handel ; da "Zuwan Sarauniyar Sheba" daga wannan aikin yawanci ana yin ta azaman yanki ne * ''La reine de Saba'' (1862), wanda Charles Gounod ya sarrafa * ''Die Königin von Saba'' (1875), ta Karl Goldmark ta opera * ''La Reine de Scheba'' (1926), ta Reynaldo Hahn ta opera * ''Belkis, Regina di Saba'' (1931), ballet ta Ottorino Respighi * ''Sulaiman da Balkis'' (1942), Randall Thompson ne suka ''kunna'' opera * "Black kyakkyawa" (1970), waƙa ta Maimaitawa * "Makeda" (1998), R&B na Faransa daga Chadian duo Les Nubians * " Aïcha " (1996), na Khaled * "Balqis" (2000), waƙa ta Siti Nurhaliza === Talabijin === == Manazarta == {{reflist}} * Thaʿlabī, ''Qiṣaṣ'' ̣ (1356 AH), 262 -4 * Kisāʾī, ''Qiṣaṣ'' (1356 AH), 285–92 * G. Weil, ''Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Kur'ani, da Talmud ...'' (1846) * G. Rosch, ''Die Königin von Saba als Königin Bilqis'' (Jahrb. F. Prot. Theol., 1880) 524‒72 * M. Grünbaum, ''Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sagenkunde'' (1893) 211‒21 * E. Littmann, ''Tarihin Sarauniyar Sheba a al'adar Axum'' (1904) * L. Ginzberg, ''Legends of the Yahudawa'', 3 (1911), 411; 4 (1913), 143–9; (1928), 288–91 * H. Speyer, ''Die biblischen Erzählungen im Qoran'' (1931, repr. 1961), 390–9 * E. Budge, ''Sarauniyar Sheba da danta guda daya Menyelek'' (1932) * J. Ryckmans, ''L'Institution monarchique en Arabie Emiridionale avant l'Islam'' (1951) * E. Ullendorff, ''Candace (Ayyukan Manzanni VIII, 27) da Sarauniyar Sheba'' (Nazarin Sabon Alkawari, 1955, 53-6) * E. Ullendorff, ''Abubuwan Hebraic-Yahudawa a Abisiniya (monophysite) Kiristanci'' (JSS, 1956, 216-55) * D. Hubbard, ''Tushen rubuce-rubuce na Kebra Nagast'' (Jami'ar St. Andrews Ph. D. thesis, 1956, 278‒308) * ''La Persécution des chrétiens himyarites au sixième siècle'' (1956) * Bulletin na Makarantun Amurkawa na Nazarin Oriental 143 (1956) 6-10; 145 (1957) 25-30; 151 (1958) 9-16 * A. Jamme, ''La Paléographique sud-arabe de J. Pirenne'' (1957) * R. Bowen, F. Albright (eds.) ), ''Binciken Gano kayan tarihi a Kudancin Arabia'' (1958) * ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Bible'' (1963) 2067-70 * T. Tamrat, ''Coci da Jihohi a Habasha'' (1972) 1270–1527 * W. Daum (ed. ), ''Die Königin von Saba: Kunst, Legende und Archäologie zwischen Morgenland und Abendland'' (1988) * J. Lassner, ''Nuna Sarauniyar Sheba: Iyakokin Jinsi da Al'adu a Bayanin Yahudanci da Matsayi Na Islama'' (1993) * M. Brooks (ed. ), ''Kebra Nagast (Daukakar Sarakuna)'' (1998) * J. Breton, ''Arabia Filik daga lokacin Sarauniyar Sheba: Karnin na takwas BC zuwa karni na farko AD'' (1999) * D. Crummey, ''Land and Society in the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: Daga karni na goma sha uku zuwa karni na Ashirin'' (2000) * A. Gunther (ed. ), ''Masarautun Caravan: Yemen da Kasuwancin Tsohuwar Turawa'' (2005) {{Authority control}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Mata]] 2ddoei8drips5sotpde1xogc770xacc 0 13903 549093 475803 2024-11-30T16:31:15Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bimbo Ademoye in Sugar Rush - cropped.png|thumb|Bimbo Ademoye]] '''Bimbo Ademoye''' '(An haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1991) yar wasan fim ce ta Najeriya. A cikin shekarar( 2018) an zaɓe ta don Mafi kyawun ressan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin Comedy / TV a Zaɓaɓɓun Masu Ra'ayoyi na Afirka na Magic don Zaɓar Aiki don rawar da ta taka a cikin fim ɗin ''Ajiyayyen na shekara ta'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/complete-list-of-winners-for-the-2018-amvca/|title=Complete List Of Winners For The 2018 AMVCA|last=AGBO|first=NJIDEKA|date=2018-09-01|website=Guardian|access-date=2019-02-08|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013202725/https://guardian.ng/life/complete-list-of-winners-for-the-2018-amvca/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == Ademoye an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar, 1991, a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ta samu makarantar sakandare ne daga Makarantar Mayflower kuma dalibi ce ta [[ Jami'ar Alkawari|Jami’ar]] Co [[ Jami'ar Alkawari|alkawari]] inda ta yi karatun Harkokin Kasuwanci. A wata hirar da tayi da jaridar ''[[ The Punch|The Punch]]'', ta ce ta samu uba daya da ya goyi bayan sana’ar da ta zaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/my-dad-took-me-to-my-first-audition-bimbo-ademoye/|title=My dad took me to my first audition – Bimbo Ademoye|date=2018-09-16|website=The Punch|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="thisday">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/09/bimbo-ademoye-marks-birthday-in-style/|title=Bimbo Ademoye Marks Birthday in Style|website=ThisDay|access-date=2019-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/ng/actress-bimbo-ademoye-celebrates-her-birthday-with-stunning-photos/|title=Actress Bimbo Ademoye celebrates her birthday with stunning photos|date=2019-02-09|access-date=2019-02-09|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013202826/http://www.ghafla.com/ng/actress-bimbo-ademoye-celebrates-her-birthday-with-stunning-photos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == [[Fayil:Bimbo Ademoye in Sugar Rush - cropped.png|thumb|Bimbo Ademoye]] A wata hira da ''jaridar Daily Independent'', ta ce aikinta ya fara ne a shekarar (2014) lokacin da aka jefar da ita a cikin [[ Short fim|gajeren fim]] ''Inda Talent Lies'' . Fim din ya karɓi kasidu daga bikin nuna fina-finai na duniya na Afirka . Ta bayyana [[ Uduak Isong|Uduak Isong]] a matsayin mashawarta, wanda ya taimaka mata ta samu shiga harkar.<ref name="thisday2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/09/bimbo-ademoye-marks-birthday-in-style/|title=Bimbo Ademoye Marks Birthday in Style|website=ThisDay|access-date=2019-02-11}}</ref><ref name="nation">{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/bimbo-ademoye-ill-never-lobby-to-win-awards/|title=BIMBO ADEMOYE: I’ll never lobby to win awards|last=AYINLA-OLASUKANMI|first=DUPE|date=November 10, 2018|website=The Nation|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="pt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/254580-five-nollywood-stars-watch-2018.html|title=Five Nollywood stars to watch out for in 2018|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-01-05|website=Premium Times|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="bon">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn|title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition|last=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=2018-12-12|website=Pulse|access-date=2019-02-11}}</ref> A shekarar (2015) an jefa ta a fim dinta na farko mai suna ''Its About Your Husband'', wanda Isong shi ma ya samar. A cikin rubutun na shekara ta (2018) da jaridar ''Premium Times ta'' buga, an lissafa Ademoye a matsayin daya daga cikin ‘yan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyar wadanda aka yi hasashen za su kuma iya samun nasarorin aiki kafin karshen shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nea-2018-omotola-jalade-funke-akindele-and-odunlade-adekola-nominated-for-nigerian/e3khb67|title=Omotola Jalade, Funke Akindele and Odunlade Adekola nominated for Nigerian Entertainment Awards|website=Pulse|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="di">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ng/dont-enjoy-single/|title=I Don’t Enjoy Being Single – Bimbo Ademoye|date=2017-11-25|website=Daily Independent|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="na">{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/working-with-stella-boosted-my-morale-bimbo-ademoye/|title=Working with Stella boosted my morale, Bimbo Ademoye|last=Adesanya|first=Samuel|date=April 24, 2018|website=Nation|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/|title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST]|date=2018-09-08|website=City People|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/between-bimbo-ademoye-and-isong-uduak-oguamanam/|title=BETWEEN BIMBO ADEMOYE AND ISONG UDUAK OGUAMANAM|date=December 7, 2018|website=City People|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="di" /> A watan Afrilun shekara ta (2018) ta ba da labari tare da [[ Stella Damasus|Stella Damasus]] a ''Gone'', wanda Daniel Ademinokan ya jagoranta. Ta bayyana yin aiki tare da Damasus a matsayin wani lokaci mai motsa sha'awa na rayuwarta. A cikin shekara ta (2018) City People Movie Awards, an zaɓe ta don Ru'ya ta Yohanna, the New New Actress and Best Soyayya mai zuwa. Matsayinta a cikin ''Ajiyayyen Wife'' kuma ya sami nata zaɓi na Mafi kyawun Jagoranci a shekarar (2018) Nigeria Entertainment Awards . An karɓi wanda aka zaɓa guda biyu a Kyauta mafi kyawun Nollywood na shekarar (2018) don rawar da ta taka a cikin ''Mataimakin Na sirri'', ta lashe kyautar don Mafi kyawun ressan wasan Aiki mai Tallafi da samun zaɓi ga Mafi kyawun Kiss a Fim. Ademoye shima ya bayyana shi a matsayin shahararren gumaka wanda wasu kafofin yada labarai suka bayyana shi.<ref name="zumi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/|title=Why Bimbo Ademoye Is The Underrated Style Star We All Need To Watch|last=OBIUWEVBI|first=JENNIFER|date=2018-12-10|website=Zumi|access-date=2019-02-08|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124535/https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/10-hot-new-nollywood-divas-to-look-out-for.html|title=10 hot, new Nollywood divas to look out for|last=Matazu|first=Hafsah Abubakar|website=Daily Trust Newspaper|access-date=2019-02-09|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131206/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/10-hot-new-nollywood-divas-to-look-out-for.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fina finai == * ''Girlfriends'' (2019) * ''The Family'' (2019) * ''Kamsi'' (2018) * ''Getting Over Him'' (2018) * ''Light in the Dark'' (2018) * ''Personal Assistant'' (2018) * ''Desperate Housegirls'' * ''Gone'' (2018) * ''Last Days'' * ''The Backup Wife'' * ''Diary of a Crazy Nigerian Woman'' * ''It's About Your Husband'' * ''Charmed'' * ''Rofia Tailor Loran'' * ''[[:en:This_Is_It_(TV_series)|This Is It]]'' (2016) * ''Looking for Baami'' (2019) * ''Special Package'' (2019) * ''[[:en:Dear_Affy|Dear Affy]]'' (2020) * ''Reach (2020)<ref name="pt2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/254580-five-nollywood-stars-watch-2018.html|title=Five Nollywood stars to watch out for in 2018|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-01-05|website=Premium Times|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="nation2">{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/bimbo-ademoye-ill-never-lobby-to-win-awards/|title=BIMBO ADEMOYE: I’ll never lobby to win awards|last=AYINLA-OLASUKANMI|first=DUPE|date=November 10, 2018|website=The Nation|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="pt2" /><ref name="zumi2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/|title=Why Bimbo Ademoye Is The Underrated Style Star We All Need To Watch|last=OBIUWEVBI|first=JENNIFER|date=2018-12-10|website=Zumi|access-date=2019-02-08|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124535/https://www.zumi.ng/fashion/why-bimbo-ademoye-is-the-underrated-style-star-we-all-need-to-watch/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="na2">{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/working-with-stella-boosted-my-morale-bimbo-ademoye/|title=Working with Stella boosted my morale, Bimbo Ademoye|last=Adesanya|first=Samuel|date=April 24, 2018|website=Nation|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="pt2" /><ref name="zumi2" /><ref name="thisday3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/09/bimbo-ademoye-marks-birthday-in-style/|title=Bimbo Ademoye Marks Birthday in Style|website=ThisDay|access-date=2019-02-11}}</ref><ref name="bon2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn|title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition|last=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=2018-12-12|website=Pulse|access-date=2019-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/getting-over-him-bimbo-ademoye-deyemi-okanlawon-monalisa-chinda-attend-premiere/89zjkjp|title=Bimbo Ademoye, Deyemi Okanlawon, Monalisa Chinda attend premiere [Photos]|date=January 23, 2018|website=Pulse|access-date=2019-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/kabat-esosa-egbon-cast-bimbo-ademoye-rekiya-yusuf-for-girlfriends/t1q7pse|title=Kabat Esosa Egbon cast Bimbo Ademoye, Rekiya Yusuf, for a new movie, ‘Girlfriends’|last=Bada|first=Gbenga|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/get-the-scoop-on-judith-audus-new-film-the-family-starring-tina-mba-bimbo-ademoye-mofe-duncan-omowunmi-dada-beverly-osu/|title=Get the Scoop on Judith Audu’s New Film "The Family" starring Tina Mba, Bimbo Ademoye, Mofe Duncan, Omowunmi Dada, Beverly Osu|date=2019-02-05|website=BellaNaija|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1991]] 38f01x056e0oht4o6t0vnbyrcfr5c1p 0 14563 549400 482271 2024-12-01T10:38:57Z Hamza DK 12444 549400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a cikin 1755. Ƙirƙirarsa ta ƙunshi allura mai nuni biyu da ido a gefe ɗaya. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2rbhxx6xdrl4bq0cw6jg316a67kgunc 549402 549400 2024-12-01T10:39:32Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 549402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya ne haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a cikin 1755. Ƙirƙirarsa ta ƙunshi allura mai nuni biyu da ido a gefe ɗaya. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ber57qvqmdke19b8xup3yxxqxe5ydlc 549403 549402 2024-12-01T10:40:09Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 549403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya ne haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a shekarar 1755. Ƙirƙirarsa ta ƙunshi allura mai nuni biyu da ido a gefe ɗaya. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} oxxcehxtf7tprr06k1p4134dic4sl8c 549405 549403 2024-12-01T10:40:49Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 549405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya ne haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a shekarar 1755. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} k8cv9oonmuvnau85cxylgc60ible18j 549407 549405 2024-12-01T10:42:57Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 549407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya ne haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a shekarar 1755. A shekara ta 1790, wani ɗan ƙasar Ingila Thomas Saint ya ƙirƙiro na'urar ɗinki ta farko. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} bfishq6cba5punk3o3kozzxi5iaen4d 0 14602 548999 498976 2024-11-30T14:09:52Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na sa mahada 548999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2.jpg|thumb| Tashar duniya a cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam a Raisting, Bavaria, Jamus]] [[Fayil:InternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg|thumb|taswirar sadarwa]] '''Sadarwa''' ita ce watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban ta hanyar [[waya]], [[rediyo]], [[talabijin]], ko wasu [[Lantarki|tsarin lantarki]]. <ref>Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Annex (Geneva, 1992)</ref> Ta samo asali ne a cikin sha'awar mutane don sadarwa a kan nisa fiye da yadda za a iya yiwuwa tare da muryar mutum, amma tare da ma'auni na dacewa; don haka, tsarin jinkirin (kamar sakon gidan waya) an cire su daga filin. Kafofin watsa labarai na watsawa a cikin sadarwa sun samo asali ne ta matakai masu yawa na fasaha, daga tashoshi da sauran sigina na gani (kamar siginar hayaki, telegraphs na semaphore, siginar sigina, da heliographs na gani), zuwa kebul na lantarki da hasken lantarki, gami da haske. Irin wadannan hanyoyin watsawa galibi ana rarraba su zuwa tashoshi na sadarwa, wadanda ke ba da fa'ida ta mafi yawan lokutan sadarwar lokaci guda. Ana yawan amfani da ''sadarwa'' ta jam'i. Sauran misalan sadarwar na nesa na zamani sun hada da sakon sauti, kamar kwakkwaran ganga, Kaho mai huhu, da karar busa. Fasaha na karni na 20 da 21 da sadarwa mai nisa yawanci sun haɗa da fasahar lantarki , kamar telegraph, tarho, talabijin da na'urar buga waya, cibiyoyin sadarwa, rediyo, microwave, fiber na gani, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa. [[File:Family watching television 1958 cropped2.jpg|thumb|sadarwa ta talabijin kenan]] An fara juyin juya hali a cikin sadarwar wireless a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 tare da ci gaban farko a cikin [[Rediyo|sadarwar rediyo]] ta Guglielmo Marconi, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1909, da sauran fitattun majagaba masu kirkira da masu habakawa a fagen sadarwar lantarki. Wadannan sun haɗa da Charles Wheatstone da Samuel Morse (masu ƙirƙira na telegraph), Antonio Meucci da Alexander Graham Bell (wasu masu ƙirƙira da masu haɓaka tarho, duba Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstrong da Lee de Forest (masu ƙirƙira na rediyo), haka kuma Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird da Philo Farnsworth (wasu daga cikin masu kirkiro talabijin). An kirkiri cibiyoyin sadarwa na farko tare da wayoyi na tagulla a matsayin matsakaici na zahiri don watsa sigina. Shekaru da yawa, ana amfani da wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa don sabis na waya na asali, wato murya da telegram. Tun daga tsakiyar 1990s, yayin da intanit ta habaka cikin shahara, a hankali an maye gurbin murya ta hanyar bayanai. Ba da dadewa ba wannan ya nuna karancin jan karfe a cikin watsa bayanai, wanda ya haifar da habaka na'urorin gani. == Asalin kalma == Kalmar ''sadarwa'' wani fili ne na prefix na Hellenanci ''tele-''(τῆλε), ma'ana ''nesa'', ''nesa'', ko ''nesa'', da kuma ''sadarwar'' Latin, ma'ana ''raba''. An daidaita amfani da shi na zamani daga Faransanci, saboda rubutaccen amfani da shi an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1904 ta injiniyan Faransa kuma marubuci Édouard Estaunié. <ref>''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] (2nd edition), 2005.</ref> An fara amfani da ''sadarwa'' a kalmar Ingilishi a karshen karni na 14. Ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Sadarwar ta Faransa (14c., Sadarwar Faransa na zamani), daga Latin communicationem (communicatio nominative), sunan aiki daga bangaren sadarwa na baya, "don raba, rarraba; sadarwa, bayarwa, sanarwa; shiga, hadin kai, shiga," a zahiri, "don zama gama gari," daga kwaminis." [[File:OptischerTelegraf.jpg|thumb| Kwafi na daya daga cikin hasumiya na semaphore na Chappe]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Delta_Power_Supply_for_Intel_Network_Router.jpg|Delta Power Supply for Intel Network Router. File:Bosque_Alegre1.JPG|Bosque Alegre </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8uu93r30t2aj5iwdbvmiwp52chc06bx 0 14901 549352 548024 2024-12-01T08:10:21Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 549352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kemi Adetiba.png|thumb|kemi adetiba]] '''Kemi Adetiba,''' ta kasance yar shirin fim, darekta a telebijin, darektan waƙa, wanda ayyukan ta ke fitowa a Channel O, [[MTV Base]], [[Soundcity TV]], [[BET]] da [[Netflix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/05/being-only-female-director-no-big-deal/|title=Being only female director? No big deal|work=Vanguard News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/entertainment/378943/kemi-adetiba-sworn-defend-visual-images|title=Kemi Adetiba: Sworn To Defend All Visual Images - Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|work=Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|access-date=2020-10-22|archive-date=2017-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421000725/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/378943/kemi-adetiba-sworn-defend-visual-images|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== [[Fayil:Kemi Adetebi Young CEO.png|thumb|Kemi Adetiba]] An haife ta a Jihar Lagos, ranar 8 Janairun shekarar 1980,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/01/kemi-adetiba-gets-really-naughty-for-her-34th-birthday-photos/|title=Kemi Adetiba Gets Really Naughty For Her 34th Birthday [PHOTOS] {{!}} Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=2014-01-12|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|access-date=2016-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203060625/http://thenet.ng/2014/01/kemi-adetiba-gets-really-naughty-for-her-34th-birthday-photos/|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta itace [[Mayen Adetiba]] wacce injinya ce kuma yar'fim. Kemi Adetiba ta fara aikin shirin fim ɗinta ne tun tana ƙarama inda take gabatar da tallace-tallacen [[Omo (detergent)|OMO]], da bin sawun mahaifin ta, Dele Adetiba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/kemi-adetiba-6-things-you-didnt-know-about-nigerias-bruce-lee-of-visuals-id3280814.html|title=Kemi Adetiba: 6 Things You Didn't Know About Nigeria's 'Bruce Lee of Visuals'|last=Okafor|first=Onnaedo|website=pulse.ng|access-date=2016-05-13|archive-date=2017-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811032541/http://www.pulse.ng/celebrities/kemi-adetiba-6-things-you-didnt-know-about-nigerias-bruce-lee-of-visuals-id3280814.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Aiki== Kemi ta fara aikin tane a gidan [[Rhythm 93.7 FM Lagos|Rhythm 93.7 FM]] inda take gabatar da shirye-shirye, wanda take gudanar da shirye-shirye kamar su: ''Soul’d Out'' da ''Sunday at the Seaside''. Adetiba sannan ta rika yada shirye-shiryen ta a kafafen intanet kamar a Spotify da Soundcloud karkashin sunan 'hule'. Kemi Adetiba ta fara canja fasalin aiki daga kasancewa mai zance a radiyo zuwa mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen vidiyo a [[M-Net|Mnet]], wanda ya hada da Studio 53, Temptation Nigeria wanda take gabatarwa tare da [[Ikponmwosa Osakioduwa]]. Kemi ta kuma zama mai gabatar da shiri a Soundcity TV da kuma karbar shirin Maltina Dance na tsawon shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/people_and_places/media-personality-kemi-adetiba-i-have-been-blessed-id2504609.html|title=Media Personality, Kemi Adetiba- "I Have Been Blessed!!!"|author=Pulse|date=11 April 2012|publisher=|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012222137/http://pulse.ng/people_and_places/media-personality-kemi-adetiba-i-have-been-blessed-id2504609.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan nasarori na tsawon shekaru, Adetiba ta shiga makarantar [[New York Film Academy]] dan ta koyi ayyukan da zaisa ta kasance korarriya, ayyukan ta sunsa tazamo shahararriya acikin Afirka da kewayensa. Gajeren shirin Kemi Adetiba film ''Across a Bloodied Ocean'' an nuna fim din a 2009 [[Pan African Film Festival]] da [[National Black Arts Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/CELEB-OF-THE-WEEK-Kemi-Adetiba-Taking-The-Media-By-Storm|title=Happenings - CELEB OF THE WEEK: Kemi Adetiba, Taking The Media By Storm|publisher=|access-date=2020-10-22|archive-date=2014-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012005655/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/CELEB-OF-THE-WEEK-Kemi-Adetiba-Taking-The-Media-By-Storm|url-status=dead}}</ref> A 8 Satumba, 2016, Fim ɗin Kemi Adetiba film na farko da ya shahara "The Wedding Party" (a Nigerian Rom-com film) an nuna fim ɗin amatsayin mabuɗin taro na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), matsayin film ɗin bude City-to-City Spotlight. [[File:Kemi Adetebi Young CEO.png|thumb|Kemi Adetiba]] A 2017, tana gabatar da shirin "King Women" inda ta tattaunawa da mahaifiyarta [[Mayen Adetiba]]. Wasu manyan matan da ta tattaunawa da sun hada da "King Women" included [[Chigul]], [[Taiwo Ajai-Lycett]], [[TY Bello]] and [[Tara Durotoye]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idafrica.ng/mayen-adetiba-king-women/|title=Mayen Adetiba speaks on how she dealt with patriarchy at work on the latest episode of King Women|date=2017-06-28|website=ID Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-24|archive-date=2022-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307001545/https://idafrica.ng/mayen-adetiba-king-women/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kyautuka da gabatarwa== Wasu daga cikin Kyautukan data samu sun haɗa da Best Female Video na wakar "Ekundayo" daga [[TY Bello]] a [[Soundcity TV]] Music Video Awards, Best Female Video a wakar "Today na Today" na [[Omawumi]] a [[2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]. Ayyukan Adetiba na kwananan sun haɗa da [[Waje]]’s "Onye" wanda yayi da [[Tiwa Savage]], [[Olamide]]'s "Anifowose", "Sitting on the Throne" da kuma [[Bez (musician)|Bez]]'s [[R&B]] single "Say". An gabatar da Kemi amatsayin Best Music Video Director of the Year a [[The Headies 2014]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/10/kemi-adetiba-honoured-by-headies-and-bentv-nominations/|title=Kemi Adetiba honoured by Headies and BenTv Nominations|author=Editor|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|access-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202001013/http://thenet.ng/2014/10/kemi-adetiba-honoured-by-headies-and-bentv-nominations/|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> She won the [[City People Entertainment Awards|City People Entertainment Award]] for Best Music Video Director Of The Year (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eafrique.tv/kemi-adetiba-bags-best-music-video-director-city-people-entertainment-awards/|title=Kemi Adetiba bags best music video director City People Entertainment Awards - Entertainment afriqueEntertainment afrique|date=2015-08-17|website=Entertainment afrique|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305010425/http://eafrique.tv/kemi-adetiba-bags-best-music-video-director-city-people-entertainment-awards/|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> da kuma [[HNWOTY]] Award for Woman of the Year a [[Film]] da [[Television]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fabwoman.ng/kemi-adetiba-wins-2017-her-network-woman-of-the-year-award/|title=Kemi Adetiba Remains Thankful As She Bags Her Latest Achievement|date=2017-11-12|website=Fab Woman Ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> ==Fina-finai== *''[[The Wedding Party (2016 film)|The Wedding Party]]'' (2016) *''[[King of Boys]]'' (2018) * ==Shirye-shirye== *2017: King Women<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/03/nigerians-react-to-kemi-adetibas-new-project-king-woman/ |title=Nigerians react to Kemi adetibas new project KING WOMAN}}</ref> *2015: "Last Bus-Stop" by [[Niyola]] *2015: "[[Dance Go (Eau de Vie)]]" for Hennessy Artistry '15 <small>(feat. [[Wizkid (musician)|Wizkid]] and [[2face Idibia]])</small> *2015: "Out A Magazine" by [[Lindsey Abudei]] *2014:"My Darlin" by [[Tiwa Savage]] *2014:"My Place" by Lynxxx<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/14/lynxxx-stephanie-coker-place/|title=New Video: Lynxxx & Stephanie Coker In "My Place"|work=Channels Television}}</ref> *2014:"Love to Love You" by Niyola <small>(featuring [[Banky W.]])</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/niyola-goes-topless-new-video/|title=Niyola goes topless for new video|publisher=}}</ref> *2014:"Sitting on the Throne" by [[Olamide]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2014/03/19/olamide-baddo-drops-hot-new-videos/|title=Olamide "Baddo" Drops Hot New Videos - Channels Television|work=Channels Television}}</ref> *2014:"Anifowose" by [[Olamide]] *2014:"Onye" by [[Waje]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/22/waje-release-onye-video-featuring-tiwa-savage/|title=Waje Release "Onye" Video Featuring Tiwa Savage|work=Channels Television}}</ref> *2013:"Toh Bad" by Niyola<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/niyola-releases-new-video/|title=Niyola releases new video|publisher=}}</ref> *2013:"Say" by [[Bez (musician)|Bez]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/|title=Bez Drops New Video, Say|work=Channels Television}}</ref> *2012:"If I Die" by [[Da Grin]] *2012:"[[Tease Me/Bad Guys]]" by [[Wizkid (musician)|Wizkid]] *2011:"I Believe" by Ego *2011:"Follow You Go" by [[Banky W.]] *2011:"The Future" by [[TY Bello]] *2010:"Fall in Love" by Ego *2010:"Lagos Party" by [[Banky W.]] *2010:"More You" by Banky W. *2011:"Today Na Today" by [[Omawumi]] *2008:"Ekundayo" by TY Bello ==Duba kuma== * [[Jerin Nigerian cinematographers]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Hadin waje== *{{Official website|http://www.kemiadetiba.com}} *{{imdbname|2989430|Kemi Adetiba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adetiba, Kemi}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 95xt2vfrl80m2lur9rf3ffixe9iovpx 0 15229 549039 416570 2024-11-30T15:45:45Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan kasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don daukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9qgl2hfnyu2qwnrbw69wet5do6qsalz 549041 549039 2024-11-30T15:45:54Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan kasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don daukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 2ie57qfw0fmsrpzexp99il0k2xemz4z 549042 549041 2024-11-30T15:46:03Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan kasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don daukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 2wfs4j96cbgl0k0r5nqhyf7734h5gco 549043 549042 2024-11-30T15:46:12Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan kasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don daukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] q9v9eb3xxb3zdgcp1wgpqn94hvrm6qz 549045 549043 2024-11-30T15:46:24Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan ƙasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don daukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] t6flrup0ls8l2r4q6weztv76048ahgj 549046 549045 2024-11-30T15:46:45Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Chukwunonye''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1992) ’yar [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] kafa ce ta Najeriya, wacce ke taka leda a Kungsbacka a Damallsvenskan, kuma da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . Ta taɓa taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Angels na tsawon shekaru bakwai, sannan ta buga wasa a Washington Spirit a gasar kwallon mata ta kasa . == Kariyan ta na kulubdin == Bayan shekara bakwai yana taka leda a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rivers Angels a Gasar Matan Najeriyar, a watan Yunin a shekara ta 2015 aka sanar da Chukwunonye ya shiga ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington Spirit ta ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata. An sanya hannu a lokaci guda tare da dan ƙasar Australia Hayley Raso, tare da sanarwar tana zuwa washegari kafin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya ta kara da Australia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2015 . Chukwunonye ta ce a lokacin, "Ina matukar farin cikin shiga cikin Iyalin Ruhun Washington; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina son yin wasa da manyan 'yan wasa kamar Crystal Dunn, wanda na fuskanta a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 a shekarar 2012 . Ina matukar farin ciki da aiki tare da kocin Parsons saboda na san zai fitar da kyawawan halaye na a cikina. " Chukwunonye shi ne dan Najeriya na biyu a cikin tawagar, tare da [[Francisca Ordega]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Bayan ta buga wa kungiyar wasanni biyu, an sake ta a watan Disambar shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|access-date=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekarar 2016, duka biyu Chukwynonye da kuma 'yan'uwanmu Nijeriya duniya Ngozi Okobi aka sanya hannu da Swedish gefe Vittsjö GIK . A baya sun taba wasa tare a kungiyar Washington Spirit, kuma a kan tafiyarsu zuwa Vittsjö GIK, sun shiga tare da wasu 'yan wasan biyu na Najeriya, Nkem Ezurike da Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye ta ce "Na yi farin ciki da shiga cikin dangin Vittsjo; abin farin ciki ne kuma burina ya cika mini, ina da burin tabbatar da kaina kuma na ba da mafi kyawu na don ɗaukaka kulob din zuwa daukaka".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|access-date=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ta wakilci Nijeriya a matakan ƙarami a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 a shekara ta 2008 da Kofin Duniya na Mata U-20 na shekara ta 2012. A matakin ƙoli ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na shekarar 2011 da kuma shekarar 2015 da kuma Gasar Mata ta Afirka a bugun 2010, 2012 da 2014, inda ta lashe gasar sau biyu ( 2010 da 2014 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=29 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Lamban girma == === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (2): 2010, 2014 === Kulab === ; Kogin Mala'iku * Gasar Matan Nigeria (1): 2010 * Kofin Matan Najeriya (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record * Josephine Chukwunonye at Soccerway [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] fspqm872lrlsspqbz3f707kt04ncfjk 0 15856 549347 417607 2024-12-01T08:05:24Z Maryamarh 29382 549347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eucharia Anunobi''', (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Mayun, shekarar alif 1965), ƴar fim ce ta [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]], furodusa, kuma fasto. An fi saninta da rawa a fim ɗin ''[[Abuja]] Connection . '' ''An zaɓe ta ne a shekarar 2020 Africa Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards for Best Supporting Actress a cikin Fim ko finafinan [[talabijin]] masu dogon zango.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/why-im-missing-on-social-scene-eucharia-anunobi/ | title=Why I’m missing on social scene – Eucharia Anunobi | newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=6 July 2013 | accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AMVCA 2020|url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/nominees|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Africa Magic - AMVCA 2020|language=en}}</ref>'' == Farkon rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Eucharia a [[Owerri]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]], kuma ta ci gaba da kammala karatun firamare da sakandare a can kafin ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Enugu inda ta kammala da difloma ta ƙasa a fannin sadarwa . Har ila yau, ta yi karatun Digiri na farko, bayan karatun Fannin [[Turanci|Turanci,]] a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Nijeriya]], dake [[Nsukka]] . Eucharia ta samu daukaka ne saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin fim din ''Glamour Girls'' a shekarar 1994 kuma ta ci gaba da fitowa a fina-finai sama da 90 ciki har da ''Abuja Connection'' da ''Haruffa zuwa Baƙo'' . A yanzu haka tana aiki ne a matsayin mai wa’azin bishara a wata coci da ke Egbeda, [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . Eucharia ta rasa ɗanta tilo, Raymond, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin ƙawarta mafi kyau ga rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa daga cutar sikila a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 2017. Tana da shekaru 15.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/08/how-actress-eucharia-anunobi-snubbed-her-mother.html | title=How actress, Eucharia Anunobi snubbed her mother. | publisher=Information Nigeria | date=15 August 2012 | accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/02/07/nollywood-actress-eucharia-ordained-pastor/ | title=Nollywood Actress, Eucharia Ordained Pastor | publisher=[[P.M. News]] | author=Henry Ojelu | date=7 February 2012 | accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=My late son was my best friend –Eucharia Anunobi|url=http://punchng.com/my-late-son-was-my-best-friend-eucharia-anunobi/|website=The Punch News Paper}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Eucharia Anunobi loses only son|url=http://punchng.com/eucharia-anunobi-loses-only-son/|website=The Punch Newspapers}}</ref> ==Finafinai== * ''The Foreigner's God'' (2018) * ''Breaking Heart'' (2009) * ''Heavy Storm'' (2009) * ''Desire'' (2008) * ''Final Tussle'' (2008) * ''My Darling Princess'' (2008) * ''Black Night in South America'' (2007) * ''Area Mama'' (2007) * ''Big Hit'' (2007) * ''Bird Flu'' (2007) * ''Confidential Romance'' (2007) * ''Cover Up'' (2007) * ''Desperate Sister'' (2007) * ''Drug Baron'' (2007) * ''Fine Things'' (2007) * ''[[Letters to a Stranger]]'' (2007) * ''Sacred Heart'' (2007) * ''Short of Time'' (2007) * ''Sister’s Heart'' (2007) * ''Spiritual Challenge'' (2007) * ''The Trinity'' (2007) * ''Titanic Tussle'' (2007) * ''When You are Mine'' (2007) * ''Women at Large'' (2007) * ''19 Macaulay Street'' (2006) * ''Emotional Blunder'' (2006) * ''Evil Desire'' (2006) * ''Heritage of Sorrow'' (2006) * ''Joy of a Mother'' (2006) * ''My Only Girl'' (2006) * ''Occultic Wedding'' (2006) * ''Thanksgiving'' (2006) * ''The Dreamer'' (2006) * ''Unbreakable Affair'' (2006) * ''100% Husband'' (2005) * ''Dangerous Blind Man'' (2005) * ''Dorathy My Love'' (2005) * ''Extra Time'' (2005) * ''Family Battle'' (2005) * ''Heavy Storm'' (2005) * ''Home Apart'' (2005) * ''No Way Out'' (2005) * ''Rings of Fire'' (2005) * ''Second Adam'' (2005) * ''Secret Affairs'' (2005) * ''Shadows of Tears'' (2005) * ''Sins of My Mother'' (2005) * ''The Bank Manager'' (2005) * ''To Love a Stranger'' (2005) * ''Torn Apart'' (2005) * ''Total Disgrace'' (2005) * ''Tricks of Women'' (2005) * ''Unexpected Mission'' (2005) * ''War for War'' (2005) * ''[[Abuja Connection]]'' (2004) * ''Deadly Kiss'' (2004) * ''Deep Loss'' (2004) * ''Diamond Lady 2: The Business Woman'' (2004) * ''Expensive Game'' (2004) * ''Falling Apart'' (2004) * ''For Real'' (2004) * ''Home Sickness'' (2004) * ''Last Decision'' (2004) * ''Love & Marriage'' (2004) * ''Miss Nigeria'' (2004) * ''My Own Share'' (2004) * ''Never Say Ever'' (2004) * ''Not By Power'' (2004) * ''Official Romance'' (2004) * ''Price of Hatred'' (2004) * ''The Maid'' (2004) * ''[[Abuja Connection]]'' (2004) * ''Armageddon King'' (2003) * ''Computer Girls'' (2003) * ''Emotional Pain'' (2003) * ''Expensive Error'' (2003) * ''Handsome'' (2003) * ''Hot Lover'' (2003) * ''Lagos Babes'' (2003) * ''Mother’s Help'' (2003) * ''Reckless Babes'' (2003) * ''Show Bobo: The American Boys'' (2003) * ''Sister Mary'' (2003) * ''Society Lady'' (2003) * ''The Only Hope'' (2003) * ''The Storm is Over'' (2003) * ''What Women Want'' (2003) * ''Evil-Doers'' (2002) * ''Not with my Daughter'' (2002) * ''Orange Girl'' (2002) * ''Death Warrant'' (2001) * ''Desperadoes'' (2001) * ''[[The Last Burial]]'' (2000) * ''Benita'' (1999) * ''Heartless'' (1999) * ''Died Wretched'' (1998) * ''Battle of Musanga'' (1996) * ''Back Stabber'' (1995) * ''Glamour Girls'' (1994)|colwidth=35em}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƴan fim]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] 5il2vftzpbsvnovcv09qcqi4i4q2qfi 0 17792 549419 497443 2024-12-01T11:58:35Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:St_alban.jpg |thumb|St Alban ]] [[File:Sint-Albanuskerk_(Vlijtingen)_13-09-2020_10-13-42.jpg |thumb|Cocin Sint-Albanuskerk (Vlijtingen) an saka sunasa a matsayin Sunan Cocin]] [[File:St_Mary,_Cadogan_Street_IMG_4067_(8937206307).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|St Mary, Cadogan Street]] [[File:Salisbury_Cathedral_St_Alban.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Salisbury Cathedral St Alban]] '''St. Alban''' shi ne na farko Birtaniya [[Kiristancìì|Kirista]] shahidi. Ya kasance sojan Rome ne wanda ya zama kirista. Romawa suna bin wani firist kuma St Alban yana musanya tufafi tare da firist ɗin don ya tsere. Lokacin da suka gano haka, sai romawan suka bada umarnin kashe St. Alban. Da yake shi kyakkyawan soja ne, an yarda a sare shi da takobi fiye da gatari, saboda ya fi daraja. Lokacin da suka yanke kan St. Alban, sai wanda ya zartar da hukuncin ya faɗi a hannunsa, kuma ya makance. An ajiye ƙasusuwan St. Alban a cikin wani wurin bauta a cikin St. Albans Abbey. An sace su a lokacin ƙarni na 19. Sunan garin St. Albans. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kiristoci]] [[Category:Sojoji]] [[Category:Romainiya]] j7p9y5ogi947wohsbt1ywv339anwlg9 0 20409 549166 448378 2024-11-30T19:37:53Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da karatu, horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin kimiyya, aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da kasuwanci, ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoba 2019 - |} A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] 8969brq93qqmhofle6449ohib8e70jr 549167 549166 2024-11-30T19:38:43Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da karatu, horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin kimiyya, aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da kasuwanci, ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] 0q3lumnjd8zwxciehojn1qkf1iy851r 549168 549167 2024-11-30T19:40:17Z Mahuta 11340 549168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da karatu, horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin kimiyya, aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da kasuwanci, ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] 1ke9sfsq8j6hnsp7fmovb1qnbkmrpgd 549169 549168 2024-11-30T19:40:41Z Mahuta 11340 549169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin kimiyya, aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da kasuwanci, ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] fykploi7sym5b4ex4hdiw0tyz13g6t4 549170 549169 2024-11-30T19:41:03Z Mahuta 11340 549170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin kimiyya, aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] scxvmvrzbs7v6e3jrmkej3v4c2fyvr5 549171 549170 2024-11-30T19:41:18Z Mahuta 11340 549171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin [[kimiyya]], aikin injiniya, gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] 8esqn07j8a8bblvfxdb6nnqeokt4p5n 549172 549171 2024-11-30T19:41:51Z Mahuta 11340 549172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin [[kimiyya]], aikin [[injiniya]], gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] gjtf4kf4ia1tpv1h9etzyiopnsza36t 549173 549172 2024-11-30T19:42:08Z Mahuta 11340 549173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin [[kimiyya]], aikin [[injiniya]], gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar [[kimiyya da fasaha]] ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] hk5w6frmy46gtchrlycfw272rbxowpk 549174 549173 2024-11-30T19:42:25Z Mahuta 11340 549174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin [[kimiyya]], aikin [[injiniya]], gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar [[kimiyya da fasaha]] ta [[jihar Kwara]] ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] f3cn72oozru6cbc6zrn5hrpdnshcjhm 549175 549174 2024-11-30T19:42:55Z Mahuta 11340 549175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwara''' ita ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|babbar jami'ar Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1973 wanda Gwamnan Soja na wancan lokacin na [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] Col. David Bamigboye bayan yanke shawarar kafa kwalejin kere kere a jihar Kwara an sanar da shi a shekarar 1971. Tana cikin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. == Tarihi == Kwalejin kere-kere ta jihar Kwara ta fara ne da daliban farko 110, kuma tana bayar da difloma ta kasa da babbar difloma ta kasa a kwasa-kwasai a matakin digiri. Kwalejin ta wanzu bayan wanzuwar Dokar Jihar Kwara . 4 na shekarar 1972 (yanzu dokar ta mamaye. 21 na shekarar 1984 doka mai lamba 13 a shekara ta 1987 da kuma doka mai lamba 7 na shekarar 1994) a matsayin jiki wanda aka ba shi iko ta hanyar doka "don samar da [[karatu]], horo, bincike da ci gaban fasahohi a fannin zane-zane da yare, ilimin [[kimiyya]], aikin [[injiniya]], gudanarwa da [[kasuwanci]], ilimi da kuma sauran fannonin ilmantarwa ". Makarantar [[kimiyya da fasaha]] ta jihar Kwara ta fara aiki ne a watan Janairun shekarar 1973 tare da injinan kere-kere wanda ya dace sosai da na jami'o'in kasar nan. ==Rektocin == A ƙasa jerin Rektoci ne daga kafuwar: {| class="wikitable" |+JARI NA POLYTECHNIC NA KWARAI ! S / N ! SUNAYE ! LOKACI A matsayin RECTOR ! SAURARA |- | 1 | Farfesa RWH Wright | 1973 - 1976 |- | 2 | Cif Zacchaeus Olorunfemi Mowaiye | 1976 - 1978 | Marigayi |- | 3 | Dr. JO Amode | 1978 - 1982 |- | 4 | Dr. Samuel Adeyemi Oladosu | 1990 - 1997 | Rasuwa |- | 5 | Dokta NO Oyeleke | 1997 - 1998 | |- | 6 | Farfesa MA Olatunji | 1998 - 2002 | |- | 7 | Dr. AA Saadu | 2002 - 2004 | |- | 8 | Cif Ogunsola | 2004 - 2008 | |- | 9 | Alh. Ibrahim Abdulkareem | 2008 – Yunin 2009 | |- |10 | Alh. Masood Elelu | Jun09 – Jun2019 | |- |11 | Dr. Abdul Jimoh Mohammed | Oktoban shekarar 2019 |} A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2019, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Kwara ta samu sabon Shugaban Kwaleji bayan amincewar '''Gwamnan Jihar Kwara''' AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Shugaban hukumar, Engr. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed Ya Cire Alhaji Mas'ud Elelu wanda wa'adinsa ya kare a watan Yuni, shekara ta 2019. Dokta Abdul Jimoh Mohammed ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi) a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Offa, Jihar Kwara. Yana da digirin digirgir guda biyu, ciki har da daya a fannin karafa da kimiyyar abu daga jami’ar Witwatersrand Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha a Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] okbicz7sjny5mdqb63350d527s59l6d 0 20589 549091 514402 2024-11-30T16:28:43Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] '''Hamza al-Mustapha''' (An haife shi a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Yulin, Shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin 1960), Babban hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai mulkin soja Janar [[Sani Abacha]] daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku 1993 zuwa shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998. == Rayuwar farko == Hamza al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin [[Nguru]]. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya]] kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin Najeriya a matsayin Laftana ta biyu. == Aikin soja == Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar 1985, zuwa watan Agusta shekara alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in 1990, Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar Sani Abacha. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya ƙara nuna shi a matsayin mai ƙarfin faɗa aji na soja. === Jami'in leken asirin soja === An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja ; [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Tsaro]] da [[Aso Rock Villa|Fadar Shugaban Kasa]] . Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a ƙasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo . == Zamanin Abacha == === Gabobin ta'addanci === An naɗa Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Abacha (a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 - zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin [[Ismaila Gwarzo]] ; Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa ; Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja ; da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an naɗa shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila]] da [[Koriya ta Arewa]] . Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha</ref> === Siyasar iko === <mapframe latitude="9.058702" longitude="8.525391" zoom="4" width="200" height="145" align="right"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 9.7119140625, 7.2534960500695 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.1663003819032 ], [ 9.68994140625, 7.2099003143688 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4278365287383 ], [ 9.580078125, 6.6427829003562 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.66796875, 7.1444988496473 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4931964701223 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.3842578283093 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.2752923363722 ], [ 9.73388671875, 7.297087564172 ], [ 9.84375, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.3624668655358 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.1008926686237 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.0790880260717 ], 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* Kudu maso Yamma : [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], da [[Ogun]], da [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], da [[Osun]] da kuma [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] . Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo. === Canja mulki === A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] . == Kamawa da shiga ciki == === Kama === Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau huɗu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai - wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya. === Kashewa === A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa na mulkin soja, [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya . A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu. === Saki daga horo === Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] . A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]], don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 . == Tuhuma == === Niyyar kisa === A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, [[Alex Ibru]], mawallafin jaridar ''The Guardian'' da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni . === Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo === A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga [[Benin]] . === Azabtar ta mata === A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa [[Maryam Abacha]], an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce. === Safarar miyagun kwayoyi === A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Mustapha Hamza - Oputa Panel] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJAAV_ae1Fw Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola - Oputa Panel] == Manazarta == * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] fmgi59pzzer4nuc5530jdekoeq7g23f 549182 549091 2024-11-30T20:11:57Z Mahuta 11340 549182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] '''Hamza al-Mustapha''' (An haife shi a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Yulin, Shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin 1960), Babban hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai mulkin soja Janar [[Sani Abacha]] daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku 1993 zuwa shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998. == Rayuwar farko == Hamza al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin [[Nguru]]. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya]] kuma an ba shi izini a cikin [[Sojojin Najeriya]] a matsayin Laftana ta biyu. == Aikin soja == Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar 1985, zuwa watan Agusta shekara alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in 1990, Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar Sani Abacha. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya ƙara nuna shi a matsayin mai ƙarfin faɗa aji na soja. === Jami'in leken asirin soja === An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja ; [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Tsaro]] da [[Aso Rock Villa|Fadar Shugaban Kasa]] . Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a ƙasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo . == Zamanin Abacha == === Gabobin ta'addanci === An naɗa Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Abacha (a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 - zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin [[Ismaila Gwarzo]] ; Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa ; Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja ; da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an naɗa shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila]] da [[Koriya ta Arewa]] . Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha</ref> === Siyasar iko === <mapframe latitude="9.058702" longitude="8.525391" zoom="4" width="200" height="145" align="right"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 9.7119140625, 7.2534960500695 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.1663003819032 ], [ 9.68994140625, 7.2099003143688 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4278365287383 ], [ 9.580078125, 6.6427829003562 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.66796875, 7.1444988496473 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4931964701223 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.3842578283093 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.2752923363722 ], [ 9.73388671875, 7.297087564172 ], [ 9.84375, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.3624668655358 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.1008926686237 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.0790880260717 ], 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* Kudu maso Yamma : [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], da [[Ogun]], da [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], da [[Osun]] da kuma [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] . Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo. === Canja mulki === A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] . == Kamawa da shiga ciki == === Kama === Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau huɗu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai - wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya. === Kashewa === A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa na mulkin soja, [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya . A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu. === Saki daga horo === Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] . A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]], don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 . == Tuhuma == === Niyyar kisa === A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, [[Alex Ibru]], mawallafin jaridar ''The Guardian'' da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni . === Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo === A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga [[Benin]] . === Azabtar ta mata === A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa [[Maryam Abacha]], an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce. === Safarar miyagun kwayoyi === A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Mustapha Hamza - Oputa Panel] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJAAV_ae1Fw Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola - Oputa Panel] == Manazarta == * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] 2nj0dsjptu7xknyrbam2jxrm80opv71 549183 549182 2024-11-30T20:12:12Z Mahuta 11340 549183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] '''Hamza al-Mustapha''' (An haife shi a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Yulin, Shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin 1960), Babban hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai mulkin soja Janar [[Sani Abacha]] daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku 1993 zuwa shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998. == Rayuwar farko == Hamza al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin [[Nguru]]. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya]] kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin [[Najeriya]] a matsayin Laftana ta biyu. == Aikin soja == Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar 1985, zuwa watan Agusta shekara alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in 1990, Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar Sani Abacha. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya ƙara nuna shi a matsayin mai ƙarfin faɗa aji na soja. === Jami'in leken asirin soja === An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja ; [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Tsaro]] da [[Aso Rock Villa|Fadar Shugaban Kasa]] . Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a ƙasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo . == Zamanin Abacha == === Gabobin ta'addanci === An naɗa Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Abacha (a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 - zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin [[Ismaila Gwarzo]] ; Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa ; Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja ; da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an naɗa shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila]] da [[Koriya ta Arewa]] . Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha</ref> === Siyasar iko === <mapframe latitude="9.058702" longitude="8.525391" zoom="4" width="200" height="145" align="right"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 9.7119140625, 7.2534960500695 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.1663003819032 ], [ 9.68994140625, 7.2099003143688 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4278365287383 ], [ 9.580078125, 6.6427829003562 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.66796875, 7.1444988496473 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4931964701223 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.3842578283093 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.2752923363722 ], [ 9.73388671875, 7.297087564172 ], [ 9.84375, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.3624668655358 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.1008926686237 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.0790880260717 ], 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* Kudu maso Yamma : [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], da [[Ogun]], da [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], da [[Osun]] da kuma [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] . Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo. === Canja mulki === A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] . == Kamawa da shiga ciki == === Kama === Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau huɗu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai - wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya. === Kashewa === A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa na mulkin soja, [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya . A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu. === Saki daga horo === Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] . A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]], don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 . == Tuhuma == === Niyyar kisa === A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, [[Alex Ibru]], mawallafin jaridar ''The Guardian'' da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni . === Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo === A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga [[Benin]] . === Azabtar ta mata === A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa [[Maryam Abacha]], an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce. === Safarar miyagun kwayoyi === A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Mustapha Hamza - Oputa Panel] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJAAV_ae1Fw Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola - Oputa Panel] == Manazarta == * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] mbut4x7x982qal9q8wqmzhcfkqcks90 549184 549183 2024-11-30T20:12:42Z Mahuta 11340 549184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] '''Hamza al-Mustapha''' (An haife shi a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Yulin, Shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin 1960), Babban hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai mulkin soja Janar [[Sani Abacha]] daga shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku 1993 zuwa shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998. == Rayuwar farko == Hamza al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin [[Nguru]]. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya]] kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin [[Najeriya]] a matsayin Laftana ta biyu. == Aikin soja == Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar 1985, zuwa watan Agusta shekara alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in 1990, Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar [[Sani Abacha]]. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya ƙara nuna shi a matsayin mai ƙarfin faɗa aji na soja. === Jami'in leken asirin soja === An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja ; [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Tsaro]] da [[Aso Rock Villa|Fadar Shugaban Kasa]] . Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a ƙasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo . == Zamanin Abacha == === Gabobin ta'addanci === An naɗa Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Abacha (a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 - zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin [[Ismaila Gwarzo]] ; Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa ; Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja ; da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an naɗa shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila]] da [[Koriya ta Arewa]] . Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha</ref> === Siyasar iko === <mapframe latitude="9.058702" longitude="8.525391" zoom="4" width="200" height="145" align="right"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 9.7119140625, 7.2534960500695 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.1663003819032 ], [ 9.68994140625, 7.2099003143688 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4278365287383 ], [ 9.580078125, 6.6427829003562 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.66796875, 7.1444988496473 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4931964701223 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.3842578283093 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.2752923363722 ], [ 9.73388671875, 7.297087564172 ], [ 9.84375, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.3624668655358 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.1008926686237 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.0790880260717 ], 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7.264394325339779 ] } } ] } </mapframe> Al-Mustapha ya lura da sake tsarin yankin baki ɗaya na Najeriya zuwa shiyyoyi shida na siyasa, a cikin wannan ya samar da tarin 'yan leken asiri da masu ba da labarai a fadin tarayyar; * Arewa ta Tsakiya : [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benuwai]], da [[Kogi]], da [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], da [[Nasarawa]], da [[Neja]], da [[Plateau (jiha)|Filato]] da Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya . * Arewa Maso Gabas : [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], da [[Borno]], da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], da [[Taraba]] da [[Yobe]] . * Arewa maso Yamma : [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa, da Jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], da [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], da [[Kebbi]], da [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]] da [[Zamfara]] . * Kudu maso Gabas : [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], da [[Anambra]], da [[Ebonyi]], da [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu,]] da [[Imo]] . * Kudu Ta Kudu : [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Edo]] da [[Rivers|Ribas]] . * Kudu maso Yamma : [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], da [[Ogun]], da [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], da [[Osun]] da kuma [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] . Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo. === Canja mulki === A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] . == Kamawa da shiga ciki == === Kama === Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau huɗu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai - wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya. === Kashewa === A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa na mulkin soja, [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya . A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu. === Saki daga horo === Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] . A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]], don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 . == Tuhuma == === Niyyar kisa === A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, [[Alex Ibru]], mawallafin jaridar ''The Guardian'' da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni . === Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo === A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga [[Benin]] . === Azabtar ta mata === A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa [[Maryam Abacha]], an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce. === Safarar miyagun kwayoyi === A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Mustapha Hamza - Oputa Panel] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJAAV_ae1Fw Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola - Oputa Panel] == Manazarta == * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] 9h5xjd6iuanjrn2t24d7z4vrogv55ug 0 20964 549100 498221 2024-11-30T16:40:39Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Zakaria Ben Mustapha.jpg|thumb|Zakaria Ben Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Zakaria Ben Mustapha.jpg|thumb|Zakaria Ben Mustapha]] '''Zakaria Ben Mustapha''' (7 ga watan Yulin a shekarar,ta 1925 - 4 ga watan Yuni, 2019) ɗan siyasan Tunusiya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Al'adu daga 1987 zuwa 1988 da Magajin Garin [[Tunis]] daga shekara ta 1980 har zuwa 1986. == Mutuwa == Mustapha ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Yunin shekarata ta 2019, yana da shekara 94. == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Category:Maza]] [[Category:Minista]] [[Category:Mutanan Tunusiya]] 8zdf9i4d1zfolforbcouw9jzpjlqx28 0 21178 549108 509841 2024-11-30T16:52:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United v Zorya Luhansk, September 2016 (08) - Zlatan Ibrahimović (edited).jpg|thumb|zlatan Ibrahimovic]] [[Fayil:Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2018.jpg|thumb|Zlatan Ibrahimović]] '''Zlatan Ibrahimovic''' (An haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan oktoba, 1981) a garin [[malmo]], ya kasance kwarraran ɗan kwallan kafa ne, ɗan kasar [[Sweden]]. [[File:Zlatan Ibrahimovic (cropped).jpg|thumb|wannan shine zlatan ibrahimovic a kasar sweden]]. == Hotuna== <Gallery> Zlatan Ibrahimovic y Xavi Hernandez.jpg|Zlatan ibrahimovic Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2018.jpg Manchester United v Zorya Luhansk, September 2016 (08) - Zlatan Ibrahimović (edited).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimović-5.jpg Zlatan Ibrahimovic (11668830745).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimovic (cropped).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2019.jpg|zlatan a america </Gallery> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1981]] h13pjkq5yukc67xb1hoexq4g6w1y5lr 549134 549108 2024-11-30T18:11:42Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United v Zorya Luhansk, September 2016 (08) - Zlatan Ibrahimović (edited).jpg|thumb|zlatan Ibrahimovic]] [[Fayil:Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2018.jpg|thumb|Zlatan Ibrahimović]] '''Zlatan Ibrahimovic''' (An haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1981) a garin [[malmo]], ya kasance kwarraran ɗan kwallan kafa ne, ɗan kasar [[Sweden]]. [[File:Zlatan Ibrahimovic (cropped).jpg|thumb|wannan shine zlatan ibrahimovic a kasar sweden]]. == Hotuna== <Gallery> Zlatan Ibrahimovic y Xavi Hernandez.jpg|Zlatan ibrahimovic Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2018.jpg Manchester United v Zorya Luhansk, September 2016 (08) - Zlatan Ibrahimović (edited).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimović-5.jpg Zlatan Ibrahimovic (11668830745).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimovic (cropped).jpg Zlatan Ibrahimović June 2019.jpg|zlatan a america </Gallery> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1981]] hndrgt4opnoynqau5u78a7o11nkyzr7 0 21288 549094 505936 2024-11-30T16:32:12Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Elena Chebanu. Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metres T12 5.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Katrin Müller-Rottgard. Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metres T12 5 (cropped).jpg|thumb|katrin mueller]] [[Fayil:Katrin Müller-Rottgard. Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metres T12 5 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Katrin Mueller-Rottgardt]] '''Katrin Mueller-Rottgardt''' (an haife tane a ranar sha biyar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyu 1982) Yar wasan kasar Jamus ce, sannan kuma ɗan wasan tsere. Ita 'yar wasa ce mai rarrabuwa a T12 / F12 ma'ana tana da karancin hangen nesa kuma tana gudu da taimakon jagora mai hangen nesa. == Wasanni == Ta yi gasar ne a wasannin nakasassu na nakasassu na shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha shida 2016 a tseren mita ɗari 100, mita ɗari biyu 200 da tsalle mai tsayi . Ta yi tagulla a cikin tsaran mita ɗari 100 tare da mafi kyawun abin da ke da kyau na dakika sha ɗaya da ɗigo casa'in da tara 11.99. Ta gudu tare da Noel Philippe Fiener. == Duba kuma == * Jamus a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha shida 2016 == Manazarta ==   == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Katrin Mueller-Rottgardt at the International Paralympic Committee (also here) [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Matan Jamus]] [[Category:Matan karni na 21th]] qyzawcnepbvvrl6ggw8p7ccb1wwhe6b 0 21511 549010 172472 2024-11-30T15:39:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malik Asselah''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1986) [[Aljeriya|dan]] [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] Algeria ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga na kungiyar Al-Hazem da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Algeria . == Na sirri == An haife shi a [[Aljir|Algiers]], Asselah asalin ta ƙauyen Ighil Imoula ne na Lardin Tizi Ouzou . == Klub din == Samfurin NA Hussein Dey ƙarami ne, Asselah ya fara zama ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2006. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar2009-2010, ya bar NA Hussein Dey bayan da suka sauka. Daga baya kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie . == Ayyukan duniya == A ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar, 2007, Asselah ya fara buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ' yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Algeria wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] a [[Riyadh]] . A ranar 17 ga Afrilun shekarar, 2008, an gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar A 'National Algerian don wasan neman cancantar buga gasar cin kofin Afirka [[Moroko|da Morocco]] amma ya fice daga kungiyar da rauni. An gayyaci Asselah cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Algeria don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2017 da Seychelles a ranar 2 ga Yulin shekarar 2016. == Daraja == * Sunyi Kofin Algeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a 2010–11 == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] t8qe10i4gqjorywr54j8q1703js4pue 549011 549010 2024-11-30T15:39:37Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malik Asselah''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1986) [[Aljeriya|dan]] [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] Algeria ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar Al-Hazem da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Algeria . == Na sirri == An haife shi a [[Aljir|Algiers]], Asselah asalin ta ƙauyen Ighil Imoula ne na Lardin Tizi Ouzou . == Klub din == Samfurin NA Hussein Dey ƙarami ne, Asselah ya fara zama ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2006. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar2009-2010, ya bar NA Hussein Dey bayan da suka sauka. Daga baya kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie . == Ayyukan duniya == A ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar, 2007, Asselah ya fara buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ' yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Algeria wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] a [[Riyadh]] . A ranar 17 ga Afrilun shekarar, 2008, an gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar A 'National Algerian don wasan neman cancantar buga gasar cin kofin Afirka [[Moroko|da Morocco]] amma ya fice daga kungiyar da rauni. An gayyaci Asselah cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Algeria don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2017 da Seychelles a ranar 2 ga Yulin shekarar 2016. == Daraja == * Sunyi Kofin Algeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a 2010–11 == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] n6ifveg5e2ya6nrkytdadllyqs2hy1o 549013 549011 2024-11-30T15:39:55Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malik Asselah''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1986) [[Aljeriya|dan]] [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] Algeria ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar Al-Hazem da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Algeria . == Na sirri == An haife shi a [[Aljir|Algiers]], Asselah asalin ta ƙauyen Ighil Imoula ne na Lardin Tizi Ouzou . == Klub din == Samfurin NA Hussein Dey ƙarami ne, Asselah ya fara zama ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2006. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar2009-2010, ya bar NA Hussein Dey bayan da suka sauka. Daga baya kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie . == Ayyukan duniya == A ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar, 2007, Asselah ya fara buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 ta Algeria wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] a [[Riyadh]] . A ranar 17 ga Afrilun shekarar, 2008, an gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar A 'National Algerian don wasan neman cancantar buga gasar cin kofin Afirka [[Moroko|da Morocco]] amma ya fice daga kungiyar da rauni. An gayyaci Asselah cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Algeria don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2017 da Seychelles a ranar 2 ga Yulin shekarar 2016. == Daraja == * Sunyi Kofin Algeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a 2010–11 == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] 49nle4grp42bl28wgvxcqr1gznwe4eu 549014 549013 2024-11-30T15:40:02Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malik Asselah''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1986) [[Aljeriya|dan]] [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] Algeria ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar Al-Hazem da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Algeria . == Na sirri == An haife shi a [[Aljir|Algiers]], Asselah asalin ta ƙauyen Ighil Imoula ne na Lardin Tizi Ouzou . == Klub din == Samfurin NA Hussein Dey ƙarami ne, Asselah ya fara zama ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2006. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar2009-2010, ya bar NA Hussein Dey bayan da suka sauka. Daga baya kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie . == Ayyukan duniya == A ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar, 2007, Asselah ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 ta Algeria wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] a [[Riyadh]] . A ranar 17 ga Afrilun shekarar, 2008, an gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar A 'National Algerian don wasan neman cancantar buga gasar cin kofin Afirka [[Moroko|da Morocco]] amma ya fice daga kungiyar da rauni. An gayyaci Asselah cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Algeria don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2017 da Seychelles a ranar 2 ga Yulin shekarar 2016. == Daraja == * Sunyi Kofin Algeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a 2010–11 == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] nfdrq4g2olbx5kea2n1ogbq75s3s6fr 549015 549014 2024-11-30T15:40:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malik Asselah''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1986) [[Aljeriya|dan]] [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] Algeria ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar Al-Hazem da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Algeria . == Na sirri == An haife shi a [[Aljir|Algiers]], Asselah asalin ta ƙauyen Ighil Imoula ne na Lardin Tizi Ouzou . == Klub din == Samfurin NA Hussein Dey ƙarami ne, Asselah ya fara zama ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2006. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar2009-2010, ya bar NA Hussein Dey bayan da suka sauka. Daga baya kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie . == Ayyukan duniya == A ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar, 2007, Asselah ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 ta Algeria wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] a [[Riyadh]] . A ranar 17 ga Afrilun shekarar, 2008, an gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar A 'National Algerian don wasan neman cancantar buga gasar cin kofin Afirka [[Moroko|da Morocco]] amma ya fice daga kungiyar da rauni. An gayyaci Asselah cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Algeria don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2017 da Seychelles a ranar 2 ga Yulin shekarar 2016. == Daraja == * Sunyi Kofin Algeriya sau ɗaya tare da JS Kabylie a 2010–11 == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] guerjfo3kfkh940d2vjnu9xpst0m902 0 21743 548982 510794 2024-11-30T13:46:31Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 548982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ibn_Ghanims_gun.jpg |thumb|Ibn Ghanims gun ]] [[File:A_blood_measuring_device_by_Al-Jazari.jpg |thumb|A blood measuring device at the moment ]] [[Fayil:15th century egyptian anatomy of horse.jpg|thumb|lokacin egyp]] '''Zamanin Zinare na Islama''' (Larabci: العصر الذهبي للإسلام, boko: al-'asr al-dhahabi lil-islam), wani zamani ne na al'adu, tattalin arziki, da kimiyya a cikin tarihin musulunci, wanda aka saba tun daga karni na 8 zuwa karni na. A bisa ga al’ada an fahimci cewa wannan lokacin ya fara ne a zamanin halifan Abbasawan Harun al-Rashid (786 zuwa 809) tare da buɗe Gidan Hikima a Baghdad, birni mafi girma a duniya a lokacin, inda malaman addinin Islama da polymaths daga sassa daban-daban na duniya da ke da al'adu daban-daban an wajabta su tattara da kuma fassara duk sanannun ilimin gargajiya na duniya zuwa Syriac da Larabci. al’adance an ce lokacin ya ƙare tare da rugujewar khalifancin [[Abbasiyya]] saboda mamayar Mongol da Kewayen Baghdad a shekarar alif 1258. Wasu scholarsan malamai sun ba da ƙarshen zamanin zinariya kusan dari uku da hamsin (1350) wanda ke alaƙa da Renaissance na Timur yayin da masana tarihi da masana da yawa na zamani suka sanya ƙarshen Zamanin Zamanin Islama har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 zuwa 16 da suka hadu da zamanin Bindiga na Musulunci.(Zamanin daular Musulunci yana da kamanni sosai idan ba iri daya ba, inda wata majiya ta bayyana shi a matsayin 900-1300 CE). '''Abubuwan da ke ciki''' Tarihin dabaru Dalilin 2.1 Tasirin addini 2.2 Tallafin Gwamnati 2.3 Gudummawa iri-iri 2.4 Sabon fasaha 3 Ilimi 4 Doka 5 Tiyoloji 6 Falsafa 6.1 Tsarin Jari 6.2 Epistemology 7 Lissafi 7.1 Algebra 7.2 Geometry 7.3 Trigonometry 7.4 Lissafi 8 Kimiyyar Halittu 8.1 Hanyar kimiyya 8.2 Falaki 8.3 Kimiyyar lissafi 8.4 Chemistry 8.5 Geodesy 8.6 Ilimin halittu 9 Injiniya 10 Ilimin zamantakewa 11 Kiwon lafiya 11.1 Asibitoci 11.2 Pharmacy 11.3 Magunguna 11.4 Yin tiyata 12 Kasuwanci da tafiya 12.1 Noma 13 Arts da al'adu 13.1 Adabi da waka 13.2 Art 13.3 Kiɗa 13.3.1 Masu tunani da polymaths na Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa suna mai da hankali kan kiɗa 13.4 Gine-gine 14 Ragewa 14.1 Ragewa 14.2 Tattalin Arziki 14.3 Al'adu 15 Duba kuma 16 Bayanan kula 17 Nassoshi 18 Kara karantawa 19 Hanyoyin waje. '''Tarihin dabaru''' Fadada Kalifofi, 622-750 Fadada a karkashin Muhammad, 622-632 Fadada yayin daular Rashidun, 632-661 Fadada yayin daular Umayyawa, 661-750 An fara amfani da kwatancen zamanin zinare a cikin littattafan ƙarni na 19 game da tarihin Islama, a cikin yanayin yanayin kyawawan halaye na yamma waɗanda ake kira Orientalism. Marubucin Littafin Jagora don Matafiya a Siriya da Falasdinu a 1868 ya lura cewa mafi kyawun masallatan Dimashƙu sun kasance "kamar Mohammedanism kanta, yanzu yana saurin lalacewa" da abubuwan tarihi na "zamanin zinariya na Islama Babu cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmar, kuma ya danganta da ko ana amfani da shi tare da mai da hankali kan al'adu ko cimma nasarar soja, ana iya ɗauka don yin nuni zuwa ga ɓarna tsakanin lokacin. Don haka, marubuci na ƙarni na 19 zai so ya ƙara tsawon lokacin halifancin, ko zuwa "ƙarni shida da rabi yayin da wani zai ce ya ƙare bayan 'yan shekaru kaɗan na yaƙin Rashidun, tare da mutuwar Umar da Fitina ta Farko. A farkon karni na 20, ana amfani da kalmar ne kawai lokaci-lokaci kuma galibi ana kiranta da nasarorin soja na farko na khalifofin Rashidun. Ya kasance ne kawai a rabi na biyu na ƙarni na 20 lokacin da aka fara amfani da kalmar tare da kowane irin yanayi, yanzu galibi ana magana ne akan cigaban al'adun kimiyya da lissafi a ƙarƙashin halifofi a lokacin ƙarni na 9 zuwa 11 (tsakanin kafa malanta a cikin Gidan Hikima da farkon yakin jihadi), amma galibi ana fadada shi har ya hada da wani bangare na karshen 8 ko 12 zuwa farkon karni na 13. Ma'anar har yanzu na iya bambanta da yawa. Daidaita ƙarshen zamanin zinariya da ƙarshen khalifofi abu ne mai sauƙi na yankewa dangane da tarihin tarihi, amma ana iya jayayya cewa al'adun Islama sun fara raguwa sannu a hankali da wuri; don haka, Khan (2003) ya nuna zamanin da ya dace na kasancewa ƙarni biyu tsakanin 750 da 950, yana mai cewa farkon asarar yankuna a ƙarƙashin Harun al-Rashid ya taɓarɓare bayan mutuwar al-Ma'mun a shekara ta 833, kuma yaƙin jihadi ne a cikin. '''Dalilin Tasirin addini''' Babban Labari: Halayyar Musulunci ga kimiyya Umarnin Alkur'ani daban-daban da Hadisi (ko ayyukan Muhammad), wadanda suke fifita dabi'u kan ilimi da kuma jaddada mahimmancin neman ilimi, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin tasiri ga musulmin wannan zamanin a cikin neman iliminsu da ci gaban jikin kimiyya. '''Tallafin gwamnati''' Daular Musulunci ta kasance mai daukar nauyin malamai. Kudin da aka kashe akan Harkar Fassara don wasu fassarar an kiyasta sun kai kusan biyu na kasafin kudin bincike na shekara shekara na Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta United Kingdom. Mafi shahararrun malamai kuma fitattun masu fassara, kamar su Hunayn ibn Ishaq, suna da albashi wanda aka kiyasta sun yi daidai da kwararrun 'yan wasa a yau. Gidan Hikima dakin karatu ne wanda khalifa al-Mansur ya kafa a zamanin Abbasiyya na Baghdad, Iraki. '''Gudummawa iri-iri''' Manyan labarai: Gudummawar Girka ga duniyar Islama, tasirin Indiya akan kimiyyar Islama, tasirin Kirista a cikin Islama, da tasirin China a kan tukwanen Islama A wannan lokacin, Musulmai sun nuna babbar sha'awa ga mamaye ilimin kimiyya na wayewar kan da aka ci da yaki. Yawancin ayyukan gargajiya na zamanin dā waɗanda watakila sun ɓace an fassara su daga Girkanci, Syriac, Persian na Tsakiya, da Sanskrit zuwa Syriac da Larabci, wasu daga baya kuma daga baya aka juya su zuwa wasu harsunan kamar Ibrananci da Latin Kiristoci, musamman mabiya Cocin Gabas (Nestorians), sun ba da gudummawa ga wayewar Musulunci a lokacin mulkin Ummayads da Abbasiyawa ta hanyar fassara ayyukan masana falsafa na Girka da tsohuwar ilimin kimiyya zuwa Syriac sannan daga baya zuwa Larabci.Sun kuma yi fice a fannoni da yawa, musamman falsafa, kimiyya (kamar Hunayn bin Ishaq, Yusuf Al-Khuri, Al Himsi, Qusta ibn Luqa, Masawaiyh, 27 Eutychius na sarki, da Jabril bn Bukhtishu da tiyoloji. Na dogon lokaci likitocin Khalifofin Abbasiyawa galibi Kiristocin Assuriya ne. Daga cikin mashahuran dangin Krista da suka yi aiki a matsayin likitoci ga khalifofi sun hada da daular Bukhtishu.Likitan kirista Hunayn ibn Ishaq ya jagoranci gidan Hikima.A cikin ƙarni na 4 zuwa 7, aikin malanta na Kirista a cikin Hellenanci da Syriac ya kasance sabon fassara ne ko kuma an adana shi tun zamanin Helenawa. Daga cikin shahararrun cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yada hikimomin gargajiya akwai kwalejojin Kirista kamar Makarantar Nisibis] da Makarantar Edessa,cibiyar koyar da arna a Harran, da mashahurin asibiti da makarantar koyon aikin likita. na Jundishapur, wanda ya kasance cibiyar ilimi, tauhidi da kimiyya na Cocin na Gabas. Gidan Hikima an kafa shi a Baghdad a cikin 825, wanda aka tsara shi da Makarantar Koyon Kasuwancin Gondishapur. Likitan kirista Hunayn ibn Ishaq ne ya jagorance ta, tare da tallafin maganin Rumawa. Yawancin ayyukan falsafa da kimiyya masu mahimmanci na tsohuwar duniyar aka fassara, gami da aikin Galen, Hippocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy da Archimedes. Yawancin malamai na gidan Hikima sun kasance asalin Krista ne. Daga cikin kasashe da al'adu daban-daban da aka ci nasara ta hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe na Musulunci a jere, ƙwararrun masanan kimiyya sun samo asali ne daga Farisa, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ƙwarai wajen bunƙasa ilimin kimiyya na zamanin Zamanin Islama. A cewar Bernard Lewis: "A al'adance, a siyasance, kuma mafi birgewa har ma ta fuskar addini, gudummawar mutanen Farisa ga wannan sabon wayewar ta Musulunci na da matukar muhimmanci. Ana iya ganin aikin Iraniyawa a kowane fanni na al'adu, gami da wakokin Larabci, zuwa wacce mawaka asalinsu Iraniyawa suke tsara wakokinsu cikin larabci sun bayar da gagarumar gudummawa. '''Sabuwar fasaha''' Wani rubutu wanda aka rubuta akan takarda yayin zamanin Abbasiyyawa. Tare da sabon tsarin rubutu mai sauki da sauki, da kuma gabatar da takarda, bayanai sun kasance masu dimokiradiyya har ta yadda, mai yiwuwa karo na farko a tarihi, ya zama mai yuwuwar samun rayuwa daga kawai rubutu da sayar da littattafai. Amfani da takarda ya bazu daga China zuwa yankuna Musulmai a ƙarni na takwas, ya isa Al-Andalus a tsibirin Iberia (Spain da Fotigal na zamani) a ƙarni na 10. Ya fi sauƙin kerawa fiye da takarda, wanda ba zai iya fashewa fiye da papyrus ba, kuma zai iya shan tawada, yana mai da wuya a share shi kuma ya dace da adana bayanai. Masu yin takardu na Musulunci sun kirkiro hanyoyin hada-hadar rubuce-rubucen hannu don fitar da fitowar da ta fi duk wacce ake samu a Turai girma tsawon karnoni. Daga wadannan kasashe ne sauran kasashen duniya suka koyi yin takarda daga leda. '''Ilimi''' Karin bayani: Madrasa Matsakaicin nassi da nazarinsa a cikin al'adun musulunci ya taimaka wajen mayar da ilimi ya zama ginshikin addinin a kusan kowane lokaci da wurare a tarihin Musulunci. Mahimmancin ilmantarwa a cikin al'adar addinin Islama ya bayyana a cikin hadisai da dama da aka danganta ga Muhammad, ciki har da wanda ke umurtar masu aminci da "neman ilimi, har ma a China An ga wannan umarnin da ya shafi malamai musamman, har ma zuwa ga sauran musulmin da yawa, kamar yadda misalin al-Zarnuji ya nuna, "an wajabta ilmantarwa gare mu baki daya ] Duk da yake ba zai yuwu a kirga yawan karatu da rubutu ba a cikin al'ummomin musulinci kafin zamani, amma kusan a iya cewa sun yi yawa, a kalla idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na Turai. Shirya umarni a cikin Masallacin Al-Azhar na Alkahira ya fara ne a cikin 978 Ilimi zai fara ne tun yana karami tare da karatun larabci da alqurani, ko a gida ko a makarantar firamare, wanda galibi yake hade da masallaci. Wasu daliban za su ci gaba da samun horo a tafsiri (tafsirin Alqur'ani) da fiqhu (fikihun musulunci), wanda ake ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ilimi ya maida hankali kan haddacewa, amma kuma ya horar da daliban da suka ci gaba don su zama masu karatu da marubuta a al'adar sharhi a kan rubutun da aka karanta. Hakanan ya hada da tsarin zamantakewar malamai masu son zama, wadanda suka fito daga kusan dukkanin bangarorin zamantakewa, zuwa cikin malamai. A karnonin farko na Musulunci, tsarin ilimi bai kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma farawa a karni na 11 da 12, manyan masu mulki sun fara kafa cibiyoyin karatun addini da aka fi sani da madrasas a kokarin samun goyon baya da hadin kan malamai. Madrasas ba da daɗewa ba sun yawaita a duk duniyar musulinci, wanda ya taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin musulunci a bayan biranen birni da kuma haɗa kan al'ummomin musulmai daban-daban a cikin aikin al'adu da aka raba. Duk da haka, koyarwa ta kasance tana mai da hankali kan alaƙar mutum da ɗalibai da malamin su. Tabbacin shaidar samun ilimi, ijaza, wani malami ne ya bayar da shi maimakon cibiyoyin, kuma ya sanya mai shi a cikin tsatson asalin malamai, wanda shine kawai tsarin da aka sani a tsarin ilimi. Yayin da karatun boko a cikin madrasas ya kasance ga maza ne kawai, mata na manyan mashahuran iyalai na birane suna da ilimi koyaushe a kebantattun wurare kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun samu kuma daga baya sun ba da ijazas a karatun hadisi, rubutun rubutu da karatun waƙa. Mata masu aiki suna koyon rubuce-rubucen addini da dabarun aiki da farko daga juna, kodayake sun sami wasu koyarwa tare da maza a masallatai da gidajen masu zaman kansu. Madrasas sun ba da himma musamman don nazarin shari'a, amma kuma suna ba da wasu fannoni kamar ilimin tauhidi, magani, da lissafi.Hadadden madrasa yawanci ya kunshi masallaci, gidan kwana, da dakin karatu.Wakafi ne ya kula dashi, wanda yake biyan malaman jami'a albashinsu, alawus na dalibai, da kuma yin watsi da kudin gini da gyaran su. Madrasa ta kasance ba kamar ta kwaleji ta zamani ba ta yadda ba ta da ingantaccen tsarin karatu ko tsarin ba da takardar sheda. Musulmai sun bambance ilimin da aka gada daga wayewar jahiliyya, kamar falsafa da magani, wadanda suke kira "ilimin magabata" ko "ilimin hankali", daga ilimin addinin Musulunci, Ilimin kimiyyar na farko ya bunkasa tsawon karnoni da dama, kuma ya yada su ya zama wani bangare na tsarin ilimi a addinin musulunci da na da. A wasu lokuta, cibiyoyi kamar su Gidan Hikima a Baghdad sun tallafa musu, amma galibi ana yada su ne ta hanyar sadarwa daga malami zuwa dalibi. Jami'ar Al Karaouine, wacce aka kafa a shekara ta alif 859 Miladiyya, tana cikin littafin The Guinness Book Of Records a matsayin tsohuwar jami'ar da ke ba da digiri a duniya Jami'ar Al-Azhar wata tsohuwar madrasa ce wacce yanzu aka amince da ita a matsayin jami'a. Madrasa tana daga cikin kayan tarihin halifancin Fatimiyya. Fatimids sun samo asali ne daga diyar Muhammad Fatimah kuma suka sanya mata sunan ta hanyar amfani da wani nau'I na taken girmamawarta Al-Zahra (mai fasaha). An fara koyar da tsari a cikin Masallacin Al-Azhar a shekarar 978. '''Doka''' Babban Labari: Shari'a Tunani na shari’a ya bunkasa a hankali a cikin dawarorin karatu, inda malamai masu zaman kansu suka hadu don koyo daga maigida na cikin gida da tattauna batutuwan addini.] Da farko, wadannan da'irorin sun kasance suna da ruwa a cikin membobinsu, amma tare da lokaci daban-daban makarantun lauyoyi na yanki aka zana su a kusa da tsarin da aka raba na ka'idoji.Yayin da iyakokin makarantu suka zama a bayyane suke, sai aka sami ikon mallakar ka'idojin koyarwarsu a hannun wani masanin shari'a a zamanin da, wanda daga yanzu aka gano, shi ne wanda ya kafa makarantar. A karnoni ukun farko na musuluinci, duk makarantun lauyoyi sun yarda da shimfidaddun ka'idoji na shari'ar gargajiya, wanda ya zama dole ne shari'ar musuluinci ta kasance mai tushe a cikin Alqur'ani da hadisi, Ka’idar gargajiya ta shari’ar Musulunci ta yi bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda ya kamata a fassara nassoshi ta mahangar ilimin harshe da magana. Hakanan ya kunshi hanyoyi don tabbatar da ingancin hadisi da kuma tantance lokacin da aka shafe ikon shari'a na nassi ta hanyar nassi da aka saukar a wani lokaci na gaba. Baya ga Alqur'ani da sunna, ka'idar ilimin fiqhu na Sunni ta yarda da wasu tushe biyu na shari'a: ijma'i na shari'a (ijmaʿ) da dalilan misalai (qiyas). Don haka yana nazarin aikace-aikace da iyakokin kwatankwacinsu, gami da kimantawa da iyakokin yarjejeniya, tare da wasu ka'idoji, wadanda wasu makarantun shari'a ne kawai ke karbar su. [58] An kawo wannan kayan aikin tawilin ne a karkashin tsarin ijtihadi, wanda yake nuni ga aikin malami a kokarin isa ga hukunci kan wata tambaya takamaimai. [58] Ka'idar fikihun Shi'a goma sha biyu ta yi daidai da ta mazhabobin Sunna da ke da wasu bambance-bambance, kamar yarda da hankali (ʿaql) a matsayin madogara ta shari'a a madadin qiyasi da fadada ra'ayin sunna don hada hadisan imamai.Jikin masana shari'ar musulunci masu zaman kansu (muftis) ne suka kirkireshi. Ra'ayoyinsu na fatawa (fatawoyin) sun kasance la'akari da alƙalai da aka nada waɗanda ke jagorantar kotunan ƙāḍī, da kotunan maẓālim, waɗanda majalisar masarautar ke iko da su da kuma zartar da dokar laifi. '''Tiyoloj'''i Babban Labari: Tauhidin Musulunci Tauhidin addinin Musulunci na gargajiya ya samo asali ne daga takaddama ta farko ta koyarwar da ta haifar da gwagwarmayar ahl al-hadisi, karkashin jagorancin Ahmad ibn Hanbal, wanda ya dauki Alqur'ani da ingantaccen hadisi a matsayin kawai karbabbun hukuma a al'amuran imani, da Mu'tazilites da sauran hanyoyin ilimin tauhidi. , wanda ya inganta koyaswar tiyoloji ta amfani da hanyoyin hankali. A shekara ta alif 833, khalifa al-Ma'mun ya yi kokarin sanya tiyolojin Mu'tazilite a kan dukkan malaman addini kuma ya kafa bincike (mihna), amma kokarin sanya khalifa a rubuce a cikin al'amuran da suka shafi ka'idojin addini daga karshe ya ci tura. [61] Wannan takaddama ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da al-Ash'ari (874–936) ya sami tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin Mu'tazilite da rubuce-rubucen Hanbalite, ta amfani da hanyoyin hankali da Mu'tazilites suka gabatar don kare akidun da Ahl al-hadisi ya inganta. Yarjejeniyar adawa tsakanin hankali da rubuce-rubuce ta samo asali ne daga aikin al-Maturidi (dc 944), kuma, kodayake wasu tsirarun malamai sun kasance masu aminci ga akidar ahl al-hadisi na farko, ilimin tauhidin Ash'ari da Maturidi sun mamaye musulunci na Sunni daga karni na 10 akan. '''Falsafa''' Wani rubutun larabci daga karni na 13 wanda ke nuna Socrates (Soqrāt) yana tattaunawa tare da daliban sa Babban Labari: Falsafar Musulunci Ibn Sina (Avicenna) da Ibn Rushd (Averroes) sun taka rawa wajen fassara ayyukan Aristotle, wanda tunaninshi ya zo ya mamaye tunanin mara addini ga duniyar Kiristan da ta Musulmai. A cewar Stanford Encyclopedia of Falsafa, fassarar matanin ilimin falsafa daga Larabci zuwa Latin a Yammacin Turai "ya haifar da sauya kusan dukkanin fannonin ilimin falsafa a duniyar Latin ta da Tasirin masana falsafa na Islama a cikin Turai yana da ƙarfi musamman a falsafar halitta, halayyar mutumtaka da ilimin tauhidi, kodayake hakan ma ya rinjayi nazarin dabaru da ɗabi'a Metaphysics Ibn Sina yayi jayayya game da tunaninsa na "Mutumin da ke Shawagi" game da wayewar kai, a inda mutum ya hana kwarewar hankali ta hanyar rufe masa ido da kuma faduwa kyauta zai kasance da sanin wanzuwarsa. '''Epistemology''' A ilimin ilimin halayyar dan adam, Ibn Tufail ya rubuta labari mai suna Hayy ibn Yaqdhan sannan a martanin da Ibn al-Nafis ya rubuta littafin Theologus Autodidactus. Dukansu suna magana ne game da yanayin rayuwar mutum kamar yadda aka haskaka ta rayuwar yaro mai ɓarna kai tsaye wanda aka samar cikin kogo a tsibirin hamada. '''Lissafi''' Babban Labari: Lissafi a cikin Daular Musulunci Algebra Tsarin lissafi: wata hanyar da ke bakin titin Sultan a cikin Masallacin Green Ottoman a Bursa, Turkey (1424), girih madauri ta samar da taurari 10 da pentagons Masanin lissafi dan kasar Farisa Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa algebra, lissafi da kuma adadi na Hindu-Arabiya. An bayyana shi a matsayin uba ko wanda ya kafa na aljebra Wani masanin ilmin lissafi na Farisa, Omar Khayyam, ana yaba shi da gano tushen ilimin lissafi. Omar Khayyam ya sami cikakken bayani game da yanayin lissafin sukari. Littafinsa mai suna Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems of Algebra (1070), wanda ya shimfida ka'idojin algebra, wani bangare ne na lissafin Farisanci wanda daga karshe aka yada shi zuwa Turai. Har ila yau wani masanin ilmin lissafi dan kasar Farisa, Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, ya samo maganin algebra da adadi ga lamura daban-daban na lissafin sukari. Ya kuma haɓaka tunanin aiki '''Geometry''' Karin bayani: Tsarin alamomin Musulunci Ayyukan fasaha na Islama suna amfani da alamun geometric da alamomi a yawancin fasalolin fasaha, musamman a cikin girih tilings. Ana kirkirar waɗannan ta amfani da saiti na siffofin tayal guda biyar, waɗanda suka hada da kayan ado na yau da kullun, hexagon mai tsayi, kambun baka, rhombus, da pentagon na yau da kullun. Duk bangarorin wadannan tayal din suna da tsayi iri daya; kuma dukkan kusurwoyinsu sun ninka na 36 ° (π / 5 radians), suna ba da riba biyar da goma. An yi ado da fale-falen tare da layin madauri (girih), galibi ya fi bayyane fiye da iyakokin tayal. A shekara ta 2007, masanan kimiyyar lissafi Peter Lu da Paul Steinhardt sun yi gardama cewa girih daga karni na 15 ya yi kama da quasicrystalline Penrose tilings. Ayyukan tayal na aikin kere kere wani yanki ne na musamman a tsarin gine-ginen Morocco. Muqarnas vaults masu girma uku ne amma an tsara su cikin girma biyu tare da zane na ƙwayoyin geometrical. '''Tsarin aiki'''<nowiki> Alwatiran da aka yiwa alama tare da abubuwan da dokokin zunubi ya ƙunsa. Babban birnin A, B da C sune kusurwa, kuma ƙananan ƙananan a, b, c sune gefen da ke gaba da su. (kishiyar A, da sauransu) Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī ɗayan masana ilimin lissafi ne na Islama waɗanda aka jingina musu hukuncin zunubi; ya rubuta Littafinsa na Uncs Arcs of a Sphere a cikin karni na 11. Wannan dabara ta danganta tsayin bangarorin kowane alwatika, maimakon madaidaita murabba'i daya kawai, da sinadarin kusurwoyinta. [79] A cewar doka, {\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ sin A} {a}} \, = \, {\ frac {\ sin B} {b}} \, = \, {\ frac {\ sin C} {c}}. } \ frac {\ sin A} {a} \, = \, \ frac {\ sin B} {b} \, = \, \ frac {\ sin C} {c}. inda a, b, da c suke tsayin bangarorin alwatika, kuma A, B, da C sune kusurwa kusurwa (duba hoto).</nowiki> '''Cididdiga''' Alhazen ya gano tsarin hada karfi na hudu, ta hanyar amfani da wata hanyar da za'a iya amfani da ita gaba daya wajen tantance kudin ga dukkan wani karfi. Yayi amfani da wannan don gano ƙarar paraboloid. Zai iya nemo tsarin da zai iya amfani da kowane irin abu ba tare da ya kirkiro wata dabara ba '''Hanyar kimiyya''' Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) ya kasance mutum mai mahimmanci a tarihin hanyar kimiyya, musamman ma wajen tsarin gwaji, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "masanin gaskiya na farko na duniya Avicenna ta yi dokoki don gwajin tasirin kwayoyi, gami da cewa sakamakon da kwayar gwajin ta samar ya kamata a gan shi akai-akai ko bayan maimaitawa da yawa, don a kirga shi. Likita Rhazes ya kasance farkon mai ba da shawarar gwajin gwaji kuma ya ba da shawarar amfani da iko don binciken asibiti. Ya ce: "Idan kuna son yin nazarin tasirin zub da jini a kan wani yanayi, sai ku raba marasa lafiya gida biyu, ku yi jini a wani rukuni kawai, ku kalli duka biyun, sannan ku gwada sakamakon." '''Falaki''' Babban labarin: Falaki a cikin Daular Islama Ma'aurata Tusi A wajajen 964 AD, masanin Falasdinu Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, yana rubutu a cikin Littafinsa na Kafaffen Taurari, ya bayyana “tabo mai ban tsoro” a cikin taurarin Andromeda, farkon bayanin tabbatacce ga abin da muka sani yanzu shine Andromeda Galaxy, the galaxy mafi kusa da galaxy din mu. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ya kirkiri wata fasahar kere-kere wacce ake kira Tusi-couple, wacce ke samar da layi daga lissafin motsi biyu domin maye gurbin matsalar Ptolemy mai matsala. Ma'auratan Tusi daga baya an yi musu aiki a tsarin ilimin ƙasa na Ibn al-Shatir da samfurin heliocentric na Nicolaus Copernicus [90] kodayake ba a san ko wanene mai shiga tsakani ba ko kuma idan Copernicus ya sake gano dabarar da kansa ba. Sunayen wasu taurari da aka yi amfani da su, gami da Rigel da Vega, har yanzu ana amfani da su. '''Jiki''' Babban labarin: ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na Musulunci Alhazen ya taka rawa wajen bunkasa gani da ido. Oneaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin hangen nesa a zamaninsa da wurinsa shine ka'idar watsi da Euclid da Ptolemy suka goyi bayansa, inda gani ya yi aiki ta hanyar hasken ido da ke fitar da haske, ɗayan kuma shine ka'idar Aristotelean cewa gani yayi aiki lokacin da asalin abubuwa ke gudana cikin idanu. Alhazen ya yi daidai da hujja cewa hangen nesa ya faru ne lokacin da haske, ke tafiya cikin layi madaidaici, yana nuna abu a cikin idanu. Al-Biruni ya rubuta bayanai game da haske, yana mai cewa dole ne hanzarta ta zama babba idan aka kwatanta ta da saurin sauti. '''Chemistr'''y Babban labarin: Alchemy da ilmin sunadarai a tsohuwar zamanin Islama Zamanin farko na musulunci ya ga kafa wasu daga cikin mafi tsayi tsarukan tsarin ilimin kimiya da ilmin sunadarai. Ka'idar sulphur-mercury na karafa, an fara tabbatar da ita a cikin karya-Apollonius na Tyana Sirr al-khalīqa ("Asirin Halitta", c. 750-850) kuma a cikin rubuce-rubucen larabci da ake dangantawa da Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (an rubuta c. 850950), zai ci gaba da zama asalin dukkan ka'idojin kayan karafa har zuwa karni na goma sha takwas.Hakanan, Emerald Tablet, ƙaramin rubutu mai cike da annashuwa wanda duk masana masu zuwa har zuwa ciki har da Isaac Newton (1642-1727) za su ɗauka a matsayin tushen fasaharsu, ya fara faruwa a cikin Sirr al-khalīqa kuma a ɗayan ayyukan da ake dangantawa zuwa Jābir.Hakanan an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin kimiya. Ayyukan da aka danganta ga Jābir, da na masanin ilimin kimiya na Farisanci da kuma likita Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (854-925), sun ƙunshi farkon sanannun tsarin tsarin abubuwa masu sinadarai. Koyaya, masana alchemists ba wai kawai sha'awar ganowa da rarraba abubuwa masu sinadarai bane, har ma da ƙirƙirar su ta hanyar hannu. Muhimmin misalai daga duniyar musulunci ta daɗaɗɗen zamani sun haɗa da hadawar ammonium chloride daga abubuwan ƙirar jiki kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan da aka danganta su ga Jābir, da Abū Bakr al-Rāzī na gwaje-gwajen tare da vitriol, wanda a ƙarshe zai kai ga gano ƙwayoyin ma'adanai kamar sulfuric acid da nitric acid ta ƙarni na goma sha uku masanan alchemists kamar na ƙarya-Geber. '''Geodesy''' Babban labarin: Tarihi da zane-zane a cikin tsohuwar daular Musulunci Al-Biruni (973–1048) ya kiyasta radius na duniya kamar kilomita 6339.6 (ƙimar zamani ta kai kimanin 6,371 km), mafi kimantawa a lokacin. '''Biolog'''y Babban Labari: Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta da Ido, a cewar Hunain ibn Ishaq. Daga rubutun da aka rubuta kwanan nan kimanin 1200. A cikin tsarin jijiyoyin zuciya, Ibn al-Nafis a cikin Sharhinsa kan Anatomy a cikin Avicenna's Canon shi ne masanin da aka sani na farko da ya saba wa batun Makarantar Galen cewa jini na iya wucewa tsakanin sassan zuciya a cikin zuciya ta hanyar sassan jikin zuciya da ke raba su. , yana cewa babu hanyar wucewa tsakanin sassan ventricles a wannan lokacin. Madadin haka, ya yi daidai da hujja cewa duk jinin da ya isa ga kafar hagu ya yi ne bayan ya wuce ta huhun. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dole ne a sami kananan hanyoyin sadarwa, ko pores, tsakanin jijiyoyin huhu da jijiyar huhu, hasashen da ya gabata gabanin gano bakin ciki na Marcello Malpighi da shekaru 400. An sake gano Sharhin ne a karni na ashirin a cikin Laburaren Gwamnatin Prussia da ke Berlin; ko ra'ayin ta game da jujjuyawar jini ya shafi masana kimiyya irin su Michael Servetus bai tabbata ba. A cikin tsarin juyayi, Rhazes ya bayyana cewa jijiyoyi suna da motsa jiki ko aiki na azanci, yana bayanin 7 cranial da 31 jijiyoyin jijiyoyi. Ya sanya lamba ta lamba ga jijiyoyin kwanyar daga gani zuwa jijiyoyin hypoglossal. Ya rarraba jijiyoyin jijiyoyi zuwa 8 mahaifa, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 3 sacral, da kuma jijiyoyin coccygeal 3. Ya yi amfani da wannan don danganta alamun asibiti na rauni zuwa daidai wurin raunuka a cikin tsarin juyayi. Masu sharhi na zamani sun kamanta bayanan zamani na "gwagwarmayar rayuwa" a masarautar dabbobi da tsarin ka'idar juyin halitta. Don haka, a bincikensa na tarihin ra'ayoyin da suka haifar da ka'idar zabin yanayi, Conway Zirkle ya lura cewa al-Jahiz na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tattauna a kan "gwagwarmayar rayuwa", a cikin Kitāb al-Hayawān (Littafin Dabbobi ), an rubuta shi a karni na 9. A karni na 13, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ya yi amannar cewa mutane an samo su ne daga dabbobin da suka ci gaba, yana mai cewa, "Irin wadannan mutane [watakila birai anthropoid]] suna zaune ne a Yammacin Sudan da sauran bangarorin duniya masu nisa. Suna kusa da juna. ga dabbobi ta hanyar dabi'unsu, ayyukansu da halayensu. A cikin 1377, Ibn Khaldun a cikin Muqaddimah ya ce," Mulkin dabba ya sami ci gaba, nau'ikansa sun yawaita, kuma a hankali tsarin Halitta, ya ƙare da mutum kuma ya samo asali daga duniyar birai '''Injiniya''' Duba kuma: Jerin abubuwan kirkire-kirkire a duniyar Musulunci ta da 'Yan uwan ​​Banū Mūsā, a cikin Littafinsu na Ingantattun Na'urori, sun bayyana mai sare sarewa ta atomatik wanda watakila ita ce na'urar da aka fara amfani da ita. An samar da sautunan sarewa ta hanyar tururi mai zafi kuma mai amfani zai iya daidaita na'urar zuwa wasu alamu don su sami sautuna daban-daban daga gare ta. '''Kimiyyar zaman jama'a''' Ibn Khaldun ana ganin yana daga cikin wadanda suka assasa ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewar zamani, tarihin tarihi, dimokradiyya, da kuma tattalin arziki.] [n 2] Taskar kayan tarihi matsayi ne mai daraja a wannan lokacin a musulunce kodayake yawancin takaddun mulki sun ɓace akan lokaci. Koyaya, daga wasiƙa da sauran takaddun suna ba da alamun yanayin zamantakewar jama'a tare da nuna cewa wuraren adana bayanai suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa a lokacinsu. Duk wasiƙun da aka karɓa ko aika a madadin hukumomin an kwafa, adana su kuma an lura da su don yin rajistar. An ga matsayin mai binciken tarihin a matsayin wanda dole ne ya sami babban sadaukarwa yayin da suke rike da dukkan ayyukan da suka dace. '''Kiwon lafiya Asibitoci''' Babban labarin: Bimarestan Ofar shiga Qalawun hadaddun wanda ke dauke da sanannen asibitin Mansuri a Alkahira An gina asibitin Musulunci na farko a shekarar 805 a Bagadaza bisa umarnin Harun Al-Rashid, kuma mafi mahimmancin asibitocin Baghdad an kafa shi ne a cikin 982 ta mai mulkin Buyid 'Adud al-Dawla. Mafi kyawun rubutattun asibitocin musulinci na farko sune manyan cibiyoyin Siro-Misra na ƙarni na 12 da na 13. Zuwa karni na goma, Baghdad na da karin asibitoci biyar, yayin da Dimashka ke da asibitoci shida a ƙarni na 15 kuma Córdoba ita kaɗai ke da manyan asibitoci 50, da yawa na sojoji ne kawai. Asibiti na asibiti ya kasu kashi zuwa sassa kamar cututtukan tsari, tiyata, da kuma kasusuwa, tare da manyan asibitoci masu fannoni daban daban. "Cututtukan tsarin" ya kasance daidai da maganin cikin gida na yau kuma an ƙara raba shi zuwa ɓangarori kamar zazzabi, cututtuka da lamuran narkewa. Kowane sashe yana da mai kula da aiki, shugaban majalisa da ƙwararren mai kulawa. Hakanan asibitocin suna da dakunan wasan kwaikwayo da dakunan karatu. Ma’aikatan asibitocin sun hada da masu kula da tsabtace jiki, wadanda ke tsara tsafta, da akawu da sauran ma’aikatan gudanarwa. Asibitocin galibi ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar mutane uku da suka hada da wani mai kula da marasa magani, babban likitan magunguna, da ake kira shaykh saydalani, wanda ya yi daidai da matsayin babban likita, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mutwalli (shugaban makaranta). A al'adance ana rufe wuraren kiwon lafiya kowane dare, amma zuwa karni na 10 an zartar da dokoki don barin asibitoci bude awanni 24 a rana. Don ƙananan maganganu, likitoci sun ba da asibitin shan magani. Garuruwa kuma suna da cibiyoyin bayar da agaji na farko wanda likitoci ke aiki da su game da abubuwan da ke faruwa na gaggawa wanda galibi ana sanya su a wuraren taruwar jama'a, kamar manyan tarurruka don sallar Juma'a. Hakanan yankin yana da rukunin wayoyin hannu da ke aiki da likitoci da masana harhada magunguna wadanda ya kamata su biya bukatar al'ummomin da ke nesa. An kuma san Baghdad da samun wani asibiti na daban na wadanda aka yankewa hukunci tun a farkon karni na 10 bayan da vizier ‘Ali ibn Isa ibn Jarah ibn Thabit ya rubuta wa babban hafsan likitancin na Baghdad cewa“ dole ne gidajen yari su kasance da likitocin su da ya kamata su duba su a kowace rana ”. Asibiti na farko da aka gina a Misira, a yankin kudu maso yamma na Alkahira, shine wuri na farko da aka tanada don kula da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa. A asibitin Arghun na Aleppo, kula da cutar tabin hankali ya haɗa da haske mai yawa, iska mai tsabta, ruwan famfo da kiɗa. Daliban likitanci zasu bi likitocin kuma zasu shiga cikin haƙuri. Asibitoci a wannan zamanin sune farkon wadanda suka bukaci difloma ta likitanci don ba likitocin lasisi. Gwajin lasisin da gwamnatin yankin da aka nada babban jami'in lafiya ya gudanar. Jarabawar tana da matakai biyu; na farko shi ne rubuta takaddar rubutu, kan batun da dan takarar ke son samun takardar shedar, na asali bincike ko sharhi na rubuce-rubucen da ake da su, wanda aka karfafa musu gwiwa don bincika kurakurai. Mataki na biyu shi ne amsa tambayoyin a cikin hira da babban jami'in likitan. Likitocin sunyi aiki tsayayyun sa'o'i kuma doka ta kayyade albashin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Don daidaita ingancin kulawa da yanke hukunci, yana da nasaba da cewa idan mara lafiya ya mutu, dangin su na gabatar da umarnin likitan ga babban likitan da zai yi hukunci idan mutuwar ta halitta ce ko kuma ta sakaci ne, a cikin wannan yanayin sai iyalin su samun damar biyan diyya daga likita. Asibitocin suna da wuraren maza da mata yayin da wasu asibitocin kawai suka ga maza da wasu asibitocin, waɗanda ke da mata likitoci, mata kawai suka gani. Yayinda likitocin mata ke yin aikin likitanci, da yawa sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan haihuwa. Doka ta hana asibitoci juya marasa lafiyar da ba su iya biya.Daga karshe, sai aka kirkiro gidauniyar sadaka da ake kira waqfs don tallafawa asibitoci, da kuma makarantu.Wani sashi na kasafin kudin jihar kuma ya tafi wajen kula da asibitoci Duk da yake aiyukan asibitin kyauta ne ga dukkan ‘yan kasa kuma a wasu lokutan akan ba marasa lafiya karamin tallafi don tallafawa murmurewa bayan fitowar su, kowane lokaci likitocin suna karbar kudade. A cikin wata baiwa, wani gwamna a ƙarni na 13 na Masar Al-Mansur Qalawun ya kafa gidauniya ga asibitin Qalawun wanda zai ƙunshi masallaci da ɗakin sujada, wuraren da ake keɓe cututtuka daban-daban, dakin karatu na likitoci da kuma kantin magani da ana amfani da asibiti a yau don maganin ido. Asibitin Qalawun ya kasance ne a tsohuwar fadar Fatimid wacce ke da masauki ga mutane 8,000 "yana kula da marassa lafiya 4,000 a kullum.Waqf din ya ce,Asibiti zai kiyaye dukkan majiyyata, maza da mata, har sai sun warke sarai. Duk kudin da za'a biya sai asibiti ko mutane sun zo daga nesa ko kusa, ko mazauna ne ko baƙi, masu ƙarfi ko marasa ƙarfi, ƙasa ko ƙasa, mawadata ko matalauta, masu aiki ko marasa aikin yi, makafi ko masu gani, marasa lafiya a jiki ko hankali, koya ko karatu. Babu wasu sharuɗɗa na la'akari da biyan kuɗi, babu wanda ke adawa ko ma a kaikaice ya nuna alamar rashin biya. '''Wuraren magani''' Malaman larabawa sun yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da na al'adu don ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓaka ilimin kimiyyar magunguna. Sun yi imani cewa Allah ya ba da hanyar warkar da kowace cuta. Koyaya, an sami rikicewa game da yanayin wasu tsoffin tsirrai da suka wanzu a wannan lokacin.Wani sanannen mutum wanda ke da tasiri a ci gaban kantin magani ya yi amfani da sunan Yūhannā ibn Māsawaiyh (circa 777-857). Malaman Turai sun ambace shi da "Mashahurin Allahntaka" da "Yariman Magani". Māsawaiyh ya jagoranci makarantar likitanci mai zaman kanta ta farko a Baghdad kuma ya rubuta manyan magunguna guda uku. Wadannan rubutattun labaran sun kunshi ayyuka a kan hada magunguna, barkwanci, da girke-girke na magunguna wadanda suka ba da umarni kan yadda za a shirya su. A cikin Latin Latin, galibi ana buga waɗannan ayyukan tare a ƙarƙashin taken "Opera Medicinalia" kuma an rarraba su zuwa "De simplicubus", "Grabadin", da "Canones universales". Duk da cewa tasirin Māsawaiyh yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa rubuce-rubucensa sun zama mafi rinjayen tushen rubuce-rubucen magunguna, ainihin asalinsa har yanzu ba a sani ba.A da, duk abubuwan da za a gabatar da su, a kan ko kusa da jikin mutum an sanya su a matsayin magani, tun daga magunguna, abinci, abubuwan sha, har ma da turare zuwa kayan shafawa. ya fara ne a karni na bakwai, lokacin da masu hada magunguna da masu ba da magani suka bayyana a asibitocin farko. Buƙatar ƙwayoyi ya karu yayin da yawan ya ƙaru. Zuwa karni na tara inda aka kafa kantin magani a matsayin sana'a mai zaman kanta kuma ingantacciya ta masana musulmai. Malaman tarihi da yawa sun ce buɗewar kantin magani na farko mai zaman kansa a cikin ƙarni na takwas yana nuna 'yancin kantin magani daga magani.Samuwar magani da kantin magani a cikin halifancin musulunci a karni na tara ya faru ne a daidai lokacin da fadada cibiyoyin kimiyya da yawa, dakunan karatu, makarantu, asibitoci da kuma wuraren sayar da magani a biranen Musulmai da yawa. karni na tara kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa don haɓakar ilimin kimiyyar zamani. Duk da yake masana harhada magunguna na Larabawa ba su yi nasara ba wajen sauya karafa wadanda ba su da daraja a cikin karafa masu daraja, ayyukansu na ba da cikakkun bayanai game da fasahohi da kayan aikin lab sun kasance manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kantin magani. An yi amfani da dabarun hada sinadarai kamar narkewa, sandaro, danshin ruwa da narkarda abubuwa. Kur'ani ya bayar da tushe don ci gaban ɗabi'a mai ƙwarewa inda haɓakar wankan ɗabi'a ya kuma rinjayi mahimmancin tsabta a cikin ilimin likitanci. Lokutan-lokaci likitocin gwamnati da ake kira muhtasib suka ziyarci asibitocin, wadanda suka duba don ganin cewa an gauraya magungunan yadda ya kamata, ba a narke su ba kuma ana ajiye su a cikin kwalba masu tsabta. Aikin da muhtasib yayi anyi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin litattafan da suka bayyana hanyoyin bincikowa da gano magungunan karya, abinci da kayan yaji. An haramta wa masu harhada magunguna yin magani ba tare da kasancewar likita ba, yayin da likitoci suka takaita ga shiri da sarrafa magunguna. An yi fargabar cewa girke-girke na iya fadawa hannun wani ba tare da ingantaccen horo kan harhada magunguna ba. [Ana bukatar] Ana bukatar lasisi don gudanar da ayyukan sirri. An ci tarar waɗanda suka karya doka. '''Magan'''i Babban Labari: Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta da Ka'idar Humorism ta kasance mafi rinjaye a wannan lokacin. Likitan Balarabe Ibn Zuhr ya ba da tabbaci cewa cutar cizon sabulu ne daga ƙaiƙayin ƙaiƙayi kuma ana iya warkewa ta cire ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da buƙatar tsarkakewa, zubar jini ko wasu magunguna da ake kira da izgili ba, yin hutu tare da izgilin Galen da Ibn Sina . [Rhazes ya banbanta ta hanyar lura da cututtukan nan guda biyu na kananan yara da kyanda, wadanda a da ake dunkule su wuri guda a matsayin cuta guda da ke haifar da rashes. Wannan ya ta'allaka ne da wuri da kuma lokacin bayyanar alamomin sannan kuma ya kara girman tsanani da kuma hangen nesa na kamuwa da cutuka daidai da launi da wurin da fatar take. Al-Zahrawi shine likita na farko da ya bayyana ciki na ciki, kuma likita na farko da ya gano yanayin gadon haemophilia. A kan ayyukan tsabtace jiki, Rhazes, wanda aka taɓa tambayarsa ya zaɓi wurin da za a gina sabon asibiti a Baghdad, ya dakatar da yankan nama a wurare daban-daban a cikin birni, kuma ya ba da shawarar gina asibiti a wurin da naman ke nuna rashin jinkiri. Ga malaman addinin Islama, likitocin Indiya da Girka da masu binciken kiwon lafiya Sushruta, Galen, Mankah, Atreya, Hippocrates, Charaka, da Agnivesa sun kasance manyan hukumomi. Don sa al'adun Indiya da Girkanci su zama masu sauƙin fahimta, fahimta, da iya koyarwa, Malaman Islama sun ba da umarni da sanya ƙwararrun ilimin likitancin Indiya da na Greco-Roman ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen encyclopedias da taƙaitawa. Wasu lokuta, ana sukar malaman da suka gabata, kamar Rhazes wanda ya soki da karyata ka'idojin girmamawa na Galen, musamman, Ka'idar Humors don haka aka zarge shi da jahilci. Ta hanyar fassarorin larabci na karni na 12 ne turawan da suka zo na biyu suka sake gano magungunan Hellenic, gami da ayyukan Galen da Hippocrates, kuma suka gano tsoffin magungunan Indiya, gami da ayyukan Sushruta da Charaka. Ayyuka kamar su Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine an fassara shi zuwa Latin kuma an yaɗa shi ko'ina cikin Turai. A lokacin karni na 15 da 16 kadai, An buga Canon of Medicine fiye da sau talatin da biyar. An yi amfani dashi azaman ingantaccen littafin karatun likitanci har zuwa karni na 18 a Turai. '''Tiyata Al-Zahraw'''i ya kasance likitan larabawa karni na goma. Wani lokaci ana kiransa "Uban tiyata Ya bayyana abin da ake tsammani shine ƙoƙari na farko na rage mammaplasty don gudanar da gynaecomastia da kuma farkon mastectomy don magance ciwon nono.] An yaba masa da aikin aikin gyaran kafa na farko Ya rubuta litattafai uku a kan aikin tiyata, ciki har da "Manual of Medial Practitioners" wanda ya kunshi kasida na kayan aiki 278 da aka yi amfani da su wajen tiyata '''Kasuwanci da tafiya''' Manyan labarai: Juyin Juya Halin Noma na Larabawa, Tarihin tattalin arzikin Islama, da Geography da kuma zane-zane a cikin Islama na da Taswirar taƙaitaccen bayani game da taswirar duniya ta al-Idrisi ta 1154 (lura cewa Kudu yana saman saman taswirar). Baya ga Kogin Nilu, Tigris, da Yufiretis, koguna masu saurin tafiya ba sabon abu ba ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya, saboda haka jigila ta teku yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ilimin motsa jiki ya sami ci gaba sosai, yana amfani da mahimmin abu mai mahimmanci (wanda aka sani da kamal). Lokacin da aka haɗu da cikakkun taswira na lokacin, masu jirgi sun sami damar yin tafiya a ƙetaren tekuna maimakon siket a bakin tekun. Musulmin jirgin ruwa su ma suna da alhakin sake dawo da manyan jiragen ruwa na masta zuwa mashigar ruwa. [Ana bukatar] Sunan caravel na iya samo asali ne daga wani jirgin ruwan larabawa da ya gabata wanda ake kira da qārib.Musulmai da yawa sun tafi kasar Sin don fatauci, kuma wadannan musulmin sun fara samun tasirin tattalin arziki sosai a kasar. Musulmai kusan sun mamaye masana'antar shigowa / fitarwa a zamanin daular Sung (960-1279).] Muhammad al-Idrisi ne ya kirkiro Tabula Rogeriana, mafi kyawun taswirar Zamani na Tsakiya, wanda masu bincike daban-daban suka yi amfani da shi kamar Christopher Columbus da Vasco Da Gama don tafiye-tafiyensu a Amurka da Indiya. '''Noma''' Yaduwar rake daga yankin Indiya zuwa yankin Sifen a lokacin mulkin Musulunci. Larabawan Al-Andalus sun yi tasiri sosai ga aikin noma na Sifen, gami da maido da magudanan ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa a zamanin Roman, gami da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi irin su acequias (wanda ya samo asali daga qanats na Farisa) da kuma lambun Farisa ( kamar a Janar). A Spain da Sicily, Larabawa sun gabatar da kayan gona da kayan abinci daga Farisa da Indiya kamar shinkafa, rake, lemu, lemo, ayaba, shuffron, karas, apricots da eggplants, tare da maido da noman zaitun da rumman daga zamanin Greco-Roman. . Palmeral na Elche a kudancin Spain yanki ne na UNESCO na Duniya wanda ke alamta gadon Musulunci na noma a Turai. '''Arts da al'adu Adabi da waka Manyan labarai:''' Adabin Musulunci da waƙoƙin Musulunci Duba kuma: adabin larabci, adabin farisanci, da Dare Dubu da Daya Centuryarni na 13 mai waƙoƙin Seljuq Rumi ya rubuta wasu kyawawan waƙoƙi a cikin harshen Farisanci kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaƙan fatawa a Amurka. Sauran shahararrun mawaka na yaren Persia sun hada da Hafez (wanda William Jones, Thoreau, Goethe, Ralph Waldo Emerson da Friedrich Engels suka karanta aikinsu), Saadi (wanda Goethe, Hegel da Voltaire suka ambaci waƙinsa sosai), Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam da Amir Khusrow. Dare dubu da daya, tatsuniyoyin almara ne na tatsuniyoyin Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda aka tattara cikin harshen larabci a zamanin Halifancin Abbasawa, ya yi tasiri sosai a kan adabin Yammacin da Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma sanannun al'adun gargajiya tare da irin su Aladdin, Ali Baba da Barayi Arba'in da Sinbad Matukin jirgin. Tatsuniyoyin 'Sinbad the Sailor' har ila yau sun sami wahayi kai tsaye daga wallafe-wallafen Helenanci kamar na almara na gida (wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci zuwa Larabci a ƙarni na 8 AZ) da Alexander Romances (tatsuniyoyin Alexander the Great mashahuri a Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Indiya ) '''Ar'''t Babban Labari: Fasaha ta Musulunci Teburin marquetry da tayal, 1560 Hasken rubutun ya kasance fasaha mai mahimmanci, kuma zanen ɗan Persia ya sami ci gaba a duniyar Farisa. Calligraphy, muhimmin al'amari ne na rubutaccen Larabci, ya inganta cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma adon gine-gine. '''Waƙa''' Babban Labari: Waƙar Larabci Karni na tara da na goma ya ga furannin kiɗan Larabci. Masanin Falsafa kuma malami Al-Farabi, a ƙarshen karni na tara, ya kafa harsashin koyarwar kiɗan Larabci na zamani, bisa ga maqammat, ko kuma hanyoyin kiɗa. Aikinsa ya ta'allaka ne da kiɗan Ziryab, mawaƙin kotu na Andalusia. Ziryab sanannen polymath ne, wanda gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga wayewar yamma ya haɗa da cin abinci na yau da kullun, aski, dara, da ƙari, ƙari ga mamayar da yake yi a fagen kiɗan duniya a karni na tara. '''Masu tunani da polymaths na Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa suna mai da hankali kan kiɗa''' Mutanen Sumeriya da Akkadiyawa, Helenawa, da Farisawa duk sun yi amfani da lissafi don ƙirƙirar bayanan da aka yi amfani da su da kayan kaɗe-kaɗe da sauran kayan kaɗe-kaɗe. Ta yin amfani da ra'ayin cewa kirtani da aka cire ko an sunkuya yana samar da sanarwa, sun lura da banbancin sauti lokacin da aka tsayar da zaren. "Babban abin da aka gano" yana jin yadda ake magana ne game da octave, cewa ragargaza kirtani ya samar da rubutu mai kyau octave daya a saman layin. An rubuta shi azaman rabo 2: 1.Sun auna nauyin tsawo na kirtani a gefe daya dayan kuma inda aka matse kirtani, hakan ya samar da rabo. Waɗannan abubuwan sun ba su damar kwatanta sautuna, misali na uku, na huɗu, na biyar. Sun sami damar raɗa ɗaya igiya a kan ɗayan a waɗancan tsaka-tsalle a kan molaye, garayu, molo, molaye. Lutes ya ba su ƙarin ikon ƙirƙirar waɗannan tazarar a kan igiya ɗaya, ta hanyar ƙara frets a nesa ta hanyar lissafi, gwargwadon yanayin. Ba kamar kayan aikin zamani ba, inda za'a iya sanya frets har abada a cikin wuya, kamar a guitar, tsofaffin kayan aikin sun yi amfani da igiyoyin hanji da aka ɗaura a wuya don frets, kuma wannan ya sa kayan aikin su su daidaita. Mawaƙan farko zasu iya kunna kayan aikin su zuwa yanayi daban-daban. Playersan wasan laute na iya ɗora igiyar zuwa tazara daban-daban, kuma suna iya ƙara daidaita frets don yanayin.Safi al-Din ya zana wata ƙazamar magana daga kwafin littafin 1333, Kitab al-Adwār. Tsohon kwafi yakai 1296. Al'adar cakuda al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa sun samar da masu tunani da yawa waɗanda suka yi rubutu game da kiɗa, gami da wani abu game da larurar cikin ayyukansu, gami da Al-Kindi (c. 801 - c. 873), Ziryab (789-857), Al-Farabi ( c. 872 - c.950), Avicenna (c. 980 - 1037), da Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (1216-1294). Sun yi rubuce-rubuce cikin larabci, abin da ya zama mai amfani da harshe mai amfani a lokacinsu, kuma suka shiga cikin al'adun musulmai da al'adunsu. Koyaya sun girma cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Larabawa suna da sikeli na kida, wanda al-Farabi ya bayyana, wanda wasu ke amfani da shi har zuwa ƙarni na 13 miladiyya Wancan ma'aunin tanbar, wanda ya raba igiyar zuwa "kashi 40 daidai" zai iya zama saura daga Babila da Assuriya. Duk da haka, Larabawa sun yi ciniki tare da cin nasarar Farisawa, kuma sun dauki sikeli na Farisa a kan lamuransu, kamar yadda suka dauki layigajere na Farisa. Ziryab ya tashi daga Baghdad zuwa al-Andalus, inda ya kafa makarantar waƙa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya ƙara layi na biyar ko hanya a kan oud, "tsakanin 822 da 852).Al-Andalus, inda ya zauna zai zama cibiyar haɓaka kayan kiɗa ga Turai. Al-Kindi polymath ne wanda ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce kamar su 15 masu alaƙa da kiɗa. Ya kasance daga farkon waɗanda suka fara amfani da ka'idar mawaƙa ta Girka ga utesan gajeren lute na Asiya-Larabawa. Ya kara sautin-sauti tsakanin goro da zaren farko. Ya kuma kara da kirtani na biyar a bakinsa na gabas, kamar yadda Ziryab ya yi a yamma.Al-Farabi "ya sanya ayyukan Aristoxenus da Ptolemy a cikin ka'idar tetrachords", kuma ya rubuta a cikin litattafai a fannoni da yawa, Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir, Babban Littafin Waƙoƙi, wanda a ciki ya yi bayanin yadda ake tunatar oud, ta amfani da lissafin lissafi.Ya ba da umarni ga duka frets 10 da 12, yana faɗin inda za a ɗora igiyar da aka ɗaura (kuma mai motsi) a wuya. Hanyar sa ta sauyawa ta ba da izinin "12-fret 'ud tuning - wanda ke haifar da ...' octave 'double", tare da rubutu 22 a cikin kowane octave. '''Gine-gine Babban Labari:''' Tsarin Musulunci Babban Masallacin Kairouan (a Tunisia), kakan dukkan masallatan yammacin duniya ban da Turkiya da Balkans, shine ɗayan mafi kyawun kiyayewa kuma mafi mahimman misalai na manyan masallatan farko. An kafa shi a cikin 670, yana farawa a cikin yanayin da yake yanzu galibi daga ƙarni na 9.Babban Masallacin Kairouan an gina shi ne daga minaret mai hawa uku, da wani babban tsakar gida da ke kewaye da hotunan zane, da kuma wani katafaren zauren salla wanda aka rufe shi da shi da cupola biyu. [139] Babban Masallacin Samarra a Iraki an kammala shi a shekara ta 847. Ya haɗu da gine-ginen gine-ginen layuka na layuka masu goyan baya, wanda a sama aka gina babbar minaret mai jujjuyawa. Farkon ginin Babban Masallaci a Cordoba a shekara ta 785 ya nuna farkon tsarin gine-ginen Islama a Spain da Arewacin Afirka. Masallacin an san shi da bangon da yake ciki. Gine-ginen Moorish sun kai kololuwa tare da gina Alhambra, babban gida mai faɗi / kagara na Granada, tare da buɗe ido da iska mai kyan gani wanda aka kawata shi da ja, shuɗi, da zinariya. An yi wa bangon ado da kayan kwalliyar da aka ƙera, kayan rubutu na Larabci, da aikin zane na larabawa, tare da bangon da aka rufe shi da tayal mai ƙyalli. Yawancin alamomin gine-ginen Fatimid sun wanzu a Alkahira a yau, manyan misalai sun haɗa da Jami'ar Al Azhar da masallacin Al Hakim. '''Ragewa Mamayewa''' Hanyoyin kasuwanci da wayewar musulmai suka gada sun lalace ta hanyar mamaye Mongoliya, wanda a cewar Ibn Khaldun ya lalata tattalin arziki A cikin 1206, Genghis Khan ya kafa daula mai ƙarfi tsakanin Mangolwa na tsakiyar Asiya. A cikin karni na 13, wannan daular Mongol ta mamaye mafi yawan yankunan kasar Eurasia, gami da China a gabas da yawancin tsohuwar halifancin Islama (da Kievan Rus ') a yamma. Rushewar Bagadaza da Gidan Hikima da Hulagu Khan ya yi a shekarar 1258 wasu na ganin karshen Zamanin Zinare ne na Musulunci.Mamayar daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da ke magana da Larabci a cikin 1516-17 ya sanya zuciyar al'adar duniyar Islama a ƙarƙashin ikon Turkawan Ottoman. Kimiyyar hankali ta ci gaba da bunkasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin Ottoman. '''Tattalin arziki''' Don yin bayani game da faduwar ilimin addinin Islama, an yi jayayya cewa Tarurrukan Sunni a karni na 11 da 12 sun samar da jerin sauye-sauye na hukumomi wanda ya rage biyan dangi zuwa samar da ayyukan kimiyya. Tare da yaduwar madrasas da mafi girman tasirin shugabannin addini, ya zama mafi riba don samar da ilimin addini Ahmad Y. al-Hassan ya yi watsi da rubutun cewa rashin tunanin kirkire-kirkire ne ya haifar da hakan, yana mai cewa koyaushe ana kebe kimiyya daga takaddama ta addini; a maimakon haka sai yayi nazarin raguwa ta fuskokin tattalin arziki da siyasa, ta hanyar aikin marubucin karni na 14 Ibn Khaldun. Al-Hassan ya tsawaita zamanin gwal har zuwa karni na 16, yana mai cewa ayyukan kimiyya suna ci gaba da bunkasa har zuwa lokacin. Da yawa daga cikin masana na wannan zamani suma sun fadada shi zuwa kusan karni na 16 zuwa na 17, kuma sun yi nazarin faduwar ta fuskar abubuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya kalubalanci batun cewa ya ragu ko da a wancan lokacin, yana mai cewa farfaɗo da ayyukan da aka samar kan batutuwan kimiyya na hankali yayin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai.Binciken na yanzu ya kai ga yanke hukunci cewa "shaidun da ake da su sun yi daidai da tunanin cewa karuwar karfin ikon wadannan masanan ne ya haifar da raguwar kwarewar kimiyya. '''Al'adu''' Masanin tarihin tattalin arziki Joel Mokyr yayi hujja da cewa masanin falsafar musulunci al-Ghazali (1058-1111) "babban jigo ne a cikin koma bayan ilimin addinin Islama", saboda ayyukansa sun taimaka wajen hauhawar sufanci da kuma samun lokaci-lokaci a duniyar musulinci.Dangane da wannan ra'ayin, Saliba (2007) ya ba da misalai da dama musamman na binciken sararin samaniya da ke bunƙasa bayan zamanin al-Ghazali. '''Duba kuma''' Tashar Musulunci Makarantar Baghdad Tasirin Kirista a cikin Islama Jerin masanan kristoci da masana na zamanin musulunci na da Zamanin Zinare na Danmark Yaren mutanen Dutch Golden Ag Masarautar Sicily Zamanin zinariya na al'adun yahudawa a Spain Kwalejin Ilimin Kimiyya da Ilimin Kimiyya ta Zamani na Ibn Sina Falaki na Islama Karatun addinin musulunci Jerin masana kimiyyar Iran Ophthalmology a cikin zamanin da Musulunci Zamanin Zinaren Mutanen Espanya Lokaci na ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na Islama '''Bayanan kula''' wasu Turawan yamma suna daukarsa a matsayin mahaifin gaskiya na tarihi da zamantakewar al'umma An yi iƙirarin Ibn Khaldun a matsayin wanda ya share fagen masu yawan tunani na Turai, galibi masanan ilimin zamantakewar al'umma, masana tarihi, da masana falsafa". (Boulakia 1971) "Mahaifin da ya kafa ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma na Gabas Wannan babban makircin neman sabon kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma ya sanya shi gaba ga yawancin ƙarni na sha takwas da goma sha tara masu ginin tsarin kamar Vico, Comte da Marx." "A matsayina na daya daga cikin farkon wadanda suka assasa ilimin zamantakewar al'umma "Wasu suna daukarsa a matsayin uba na tattalin arziki na zamani, ko kuma a kalla babban mai gaba. Duniyar Yammacin duniya na daukar Khaldun a matsayin mahaifin ilimin halayyar jama'a amma yana jinkirin amincewa da shi a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya kafa tushensa. Shi ne farkon wanda bincika tsarin tattalin arziki, mahimmancin fasaha, ƙwarewa da cinikayyar ƙasashen waje a rarar tattalin arziki da rawar da gwamnati da manufofinta ke ciki don haɓaka samarwa da samar da aiki.Haka kuma, ya magance matsalar haraji mafi ƙaranci, mafi ƙarancin aiyukan gwamnati, ihisani, tsarin hukumomi, doka da oda, tsammanin, samarwa, da ka'idar darajar ".Cosma, Sorinel (2009). "Tunanin Tattalin Arziki na Ibn Khaldun". Tarihin Tattalin Arziki na Jami'ar Ovidius (Jami'ar Ovidius Press) XIV: 52-57 '''Bayani''' George Saliba (1994), Tarihin ilmin taurari na larabci: Ka'idojin tsarin rayuwa yayin zinaren zamanin musulunci, shafi na 245, 250, 256-57. Jami'ar New York Press, <nowiki>ISBN 0-8147-8023-7</nowiki>. Sarki, David A. (1983). "Astronomy na Mamluks". Isis. 74 (4): 531-55. Doi: 10.1086 / 353360. S2CID 144315162. Hassan, Ahmad Y (1996). "Dalilai Bayan Raguwar Ilimin Addinin Musulunci Bayan Karni Na Sha Shida". A cikin Sharifah Shifa Al-Attas (ed.). Addinin Musulunci da Kalubalantar Zamani, Ci gaban Taron Taro na Musamman kan Musulunci da Kalubalantar Zamani: Litattafan Tarihi da na Zamani, Kuala Lumpur, 1 ga Agusta 1-5, 1994. Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci da wayewa ta Duniya (ISTAC). shafi na 351-99. An adana daga asali ranar 2 Afrilu 2015. Gutas, Dimitri 1998. Tunanin Girka, Al'adun Larabawa: Movementungiyar Fassarar Graeco-Larabci a Bagadaza da Earlyungiyar Abbāsid ta Farko (2ndarnoni na 2 zuwa 4/8 zuwa 10). London: Routledge. Tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama da Siyasar Al'adu. Taylor & Francis. 2011-03-01. shafi na. 9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-95960-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 26 Agusta 2012. "Kimiyya da fasaha a cikin Medieval Islam" (PDF). Tarihin Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya. An dawo da 31 Oktoba 2019. Ruggiero, Guido (15 Afrilu 2008). Aboki ne ga Duniyar Renaissance, Guido Ruggiero. <nowiki>ISBN 9780470751619</nowiki>. An adana daga asali ranar 8 Nuwamba 2016. An dawo da 7 Nuwamba Nuwamba 2016. Barlow, Glenna. "Arts na Duniyar Islama: Zamanin Zamani". Kwalejin Khan. An dawo da 31 Oktoba 2019. Josias Leslie Porter, Littafin Jagora don Matafiya a Siriya da Falasdinu, 1868, p. 49. "Tsawon karni shida da rabi, a zamanin daular Islama ta Musulunci, ta wanzu da wannan Halifanci, har sai da sarakunan Osmanli suka kashe shi kuma a mutuwar wanda ya mutu daga jinin gidan Mahomet. Haƙƙin Halifa na gaskiya ya ƙare da faduwar Bagdad. ". Sabuwar Outlook, Mujalladi na 45, 1892, p. 370. "Zamanin zinariya na Islama, kamar yadda Mista Gilman ya nuna, an ƙare da Omar, na biyu cikin Kalifs." Duniyar Adabi, Volume 36, 1887, p. 308. "Karni na tara, na goma da na sha ɗaya sune zamanin zinariya na Islama" mujallar Life, 9 May 1955, [1]. don haka Linda S. George, The Golden Age of Islam, 1998: "daga shekarun ƙarshe na ƙarni na takwas zuwa ƙarni na goma sha uku." Arshad Khan, Musulunci, Musulmai, da Amurka: Fahimtar Asalin Rikicinsu, 2003, p. 19. Groth, Hans, ed. (2012). Yawan Jama'a a Muslimasashen Musulmi: Haɗa Jigsaw. Masana Kimiyyar Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci. shafi na. 45. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-642-27881-5</nowiki>. Rafiabadi, Hamid Naseem, ed. (2007). Kalubale ga Addinai da Musulunci: Nazarin Ra'ayoyin Musulmai, Halayensu, Batun Latsa. <nowiki>ISBN 0-7486-0455-3</nowiki>, shafi na. 4 "Nestorian - darikar kirista". An adana daga asali ranar 2016-10-28. An dawo da 2016-11-05. Rashed, Roshdi (2015). Ilmin Lissafi na gargajiya daga Al-Khwarizmi zuwa Descartes. Routledge. shafi na. 33. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-415-83388-2</nowiki>. "Hunayn bn Ishaq - malamin larabawa". An adana daga asali ranar 2016-05-31. An dawo da 2016-07-12. O'Leary, Delacy (1949). Yadda Kimiyyar Girka ta Shiga Larabawa. Yanayi. 163. shafi. 748. Bibcode: 1949Natur.163Q.748T. Doi: 10.1038 / 163748c0. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-84748-9</nowiki>. S2CID 35226072. Sarton, George. "Tarihin Kimiyyar Musulunci". An adana daga asali ranar 2016-08-12. Nancy G. 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Ruano, Eloy Benito; Burgos, Manuel Espadas (1992). 17th International Congress of Historical Sciences: Madrid, 26 ga Agusta zuwa 2 ga Satumba, 1990. Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Kimiyyar Tarihi. shafi na. 527. <nowiki>ISBN 978-84-600-8154-8</nowiki>. Rémi Brague, Assuriyawa sun ba da gudummawa ga wayewar addinin Islama 2013-09-27 a Wayback Machine Britannica, Nestorian Archived 2014-03-30 a Wayback Machine Mai kulawa, John (1939). Cocin daular T'ang. Burtaniya: Jama'a don Inganta Ilimin Kirista. shafi na. 31. An rufe makarantar sau biyu, a cikin 431 da 489 Makarantar Edessa Archived 2016-09-02 a Wayback Machine, Nestorian.org. Frew, Donald (2012). "Harran: Mafaka a ofarshe na Maguzancin gargajiya". Rumman: Jaridar Duniya ta Nazarin Maguzawa. 13 (9): 17–29. Doi: 10.1558 pome.v13i9.17. Bayanin Jami'ar Tehran / Abubuwan Tarihi da Aka 2011auka 2011-02-03 a Wayback Machine Kaser, Karl Balkans da Gabas ta Gabas: Gabatarwa ga Tarihin Rabawa p. 135. 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Oxford Encyclopedia na Duniyar Islama. Oxford: Jami'ar Jami'ar Oxford. Doi: 10.1093 / acref / 9780195305135.001.0001. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5</nowiki>. Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1999). John Esposito (ed.). Doka da Al'umma. Tarihin Oxford na Islama. Oxford University Press (Kindle edition). shafi. 121–22. Lapidus, Ira M. (2014). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Islama. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge (Kindle edition). shafi. 130–31. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9</nowiki>. Blankinship, Khalid (2008). Tim Winter (ed.). Tunanin farko. Abokin Cambridge ɗin ga Tauhidin Addinin Musulunci. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge (Kindle edition). shafi na. 53. Tamara Sonn (2009). "Tawud". A cikin John L. Esposito (ed.). Oxford Encyclopedia na Duniyar Islama. Oxford: Jami'ar Jami'ar Oxford. Doi: 10.1093 / acref / 9780195305135.001.0001. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5</nowiki>. Dag Nikolaus Hasse (2014). "Tasirin Larabci da Falsafar Musulunci a Yankin Yammacin Latin". Stanford Encyclopedia na Falsafa. An adana daga asali akan 2017-10-20. An dawo da shi 2017-07-31. "A Zamaninmu: Kasancewa". bbcnews.com. 8 Nuwamba 2007. An ajiye daga asali a ranar 2013-10-17. An sake dawo da Maris 27, 2013. Boyer, Carl B., 1985. Tarihin Lissafi, p. 252. Princeton Jami’ar Latsa. S Gandz, Tushen aljabbar al-Khwarizmi, Osiris, i (1936), 263–277 Calder, Norman (2009). "Doka. Tunanin shari'a da '''Kara karantawa''' George Makdisi "Scholasticism da Humanism a Addinin Musulunci da Yammacin Kirista". Jaridar Oriungiyar Gabashin Amurka 109, a'a. 2 (1982) Josef W. Meri (2005). Civilaramar Islama ta Zamani: Encyclopedia. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 0-415-96690-6</nowiki>. shafi na. 1088. Tamara Sonn: Musulunci: Takaitaccen Tarihi. Wiley 2011, <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4443-5898-8</nowiki>, shafi na. 39-79 (kwafin kan layi, p. 39, a Google Books) Maurice Lombard: Zamanin Zinare na Islama. Ba'amurke Elsevier 1975 George Nicholas Atiyeh; John Richard Hayes (1992). Hankalin wayewar Larabawa. Jami'ar New York Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-8147-3485-5</nowiki>, 978-0-8147-3485-8. shafi na. 306. Falagas, M. E.; Zarkadoulia, Effie A.; Samonis, George (Agusta 1, 2006). "Ilimin larabawa a zamanin zinare (750-1258 CE) da kuma yau". Jaridar FASEB. 20 (10): 1581-86. Doi: 10.1096 / fj.06-0803ufm. <nowiki>PMID 16873881</nowiki>. S2CID 40960150. Starr, S. Frederick (2015). Rashin Haskakawa: Zamanin Zinari na Tsakiyar Asiya daga Yunkurin Larabawa zuwa Tamerlane. Jami'ar Princeton. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-691-16585-1</nowiki>. Allsen, Thomas T. (2004). Al'adu da Nasara a Mongol Eurasia. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-60270-9</nowiki>. Dario Fernandez-Morera (2015) Labari na Aljanna Andalus. Musulmai, Krista, da yahudawa a karkashin Mulkin Musulunci a Spain na da. ISI Littattafan <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-61017-095-6</nowiki> (hardback) Joel Epstein (2019) Harshen Zuciyar Juwal bugawa ISBN 978-1070100906 '''Hanyoyin haɗin waje''' Kafofin watsa labarai da suka danganci Zamanin Zinar Musulunci a Wikimedia Commons Islamicweb.com: Tarihin Zamanin Zinare Khamush.com: Baghdad: Ginin garin Khalifancin Abbasawa - Fasali na 5, daga Gaston Wiet.L aburaren (asar Amurka na Congress.gov: Kirkor Minassian Collection - ya ƙunshi misalan ɗaure littattafan Musulunci 9vdamrsh8iiw28ielyrao2kdhnebfu4 0 21768 549002 485770 2024-11-30T14:15:39Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 549002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Aloe vera farm Tenerife 2.jpg|300px|right|Aloe_vera_farm_Tenerife_2]] [[File:Farmer plowing with oxen.jpg|thumb|manomi yana huda da galmar shanu]] [[Fayil:Borgboda2006 web.jpg|thumb|Gidan gona]] [[Fayil:Saskatchewan Farm Elevator.jpg|thumb|Gona]] [[Fayil:Catoctin Mountain and farm MD1.jpg|thumb|gona]] [[Fayil:Saffronfarm-860808.jpg|thumb|gona]] [[Fayil:Einböck Aerostar Hackstriegel tined weeder herse étrille 022.jpg|thumb|gona]] [[Fayil:Kirchspiel, Rödder, Mäusescheune -- 2014 -- 2915-19.jpg|thumb|gona]] ''' Gona:''' Wani waje ne ko kuma wani fili ne mai GIRMA da manoma suke kebewa don aikace-aikacen [[Noma a ƙasar India|noma.]] Kama daga noman [[Tsirrai na abinci|tsirrai]] da kuma kiwon dabbobi da kiwon kifi, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da kayayyakin aikin gona iri-iri kamar, [[fatanya]], [[galma|garma]], [[Gatari]] [[Adda]], [[sungumi]] da dai sauransu. Wani lokaci manoma ko kuma masu aikin gona suna fuskantar matsaloli, na rashin wadatattun kudin siyen kayayyakin aikin gona, Kamar: takin zamani da wadansu abubuwan [[Noma]]. Haka kuma manoma suna fuskantar kalubale dangane da matsalar ambaliyar [[Ruwa]],<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-45589593</ref> itama tana kawo musu cikas, haka kuma [[fari]] shima yana karya manoma. [[Fayil:Rice farming in akko.jpg|thumb|Gona]] [[Fayil:Prawn Farming in Ulavaipu Kerala 01.jpg|thumb|gona]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} chlu71pflely77ttz37b5mjs3h5n821 4 21908 549211 548726 2024-11-30T21:28:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 549211 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:RobertMsk|RobertMsk]] |[[Special:Contributions/RobertMsk|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |2 |[[User:Mononesh Das Muktagacha|Mononesh Das Muktagacha]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mononesh Das Muktagacha|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |3 |[[User:Prof Abiodun Oluropo|Prof Abiodun Oluropo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Prof Abiodun Oluropo|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |4 |[[User:Junemoon19|Junemoon19]] |[[Special:Contributions/Junemoon19|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |5 |[[User:Favkinstin27|Favkinstin27]] |[[Special:Contributions/Favkinstin27|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |6 |[[User:Proxima Centaurix|Proxima Centaurix]] |[[Special:Contributions/Proxima Centaurix|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |7 |[[User:Jossisad|Jossisad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jossisad|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |8 |[[User:Taabii|Taabii]] |[[Special:Contributions/Taabii|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |9 |[[User:Khalil Ibrahim Saleh|Khalil Ibrahim Saleh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Khalil Ibrahim Saleh|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |10 |[[User:LFC Ninja1892|LFC Ninja1892]] |[[Special:Contributions/LFC Ninja1892|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |11 |[[User:Summerbell|Summerbell]] |[[Special:Contributions/Summerbell|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |12 |[[User:Xa Sancle|Xa Sancle]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xa Sancle|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |13 |[[User:Splend34|Splend34]] |[[Special:Contributions/Splend34|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |14 |[[User:Web-julio|Web-julio]] |[[Special:Contributions/Web-julio|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |15 |[[User:Kleon3|Kleon3]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kleon3|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |16 |[[User:Henrykez|Henrykez]] |[[Special:Contributions/Henrykez|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |17 |[[User:MICHIRO YAMANO|MICHIRO YAMANO]] |[[Special:Contributions/MICHIRO YAMANO|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |18 |[[User:Chamblyen|Chamblyen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chamblyen|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |19 |[[User:মনোনেশ দাস সমর্থক|মনোনেশ দাস সমর্থক]] |[[Special:Contributions/মনোনেশ দাস সমর্থক|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |20 |[[User:উইকিপিডিয়া মনোনেশ দাস|উইকিপিডিয়া মনোনেশ দাস]] |[[Special:Contributions/উইকিপিডিয়া মনোনেশ দাস|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |21 |[[User:মফস্বলে মনোনেশ দাস|মফস্বলে মনোনেশ দাস]] |[[Special:Contributions/মফস্বলে মনোনেশ দাস|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |22 |[[User:360Bites|360Bites]] |[[Special:Contributions/360Bites|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |23 |[[User:Shreyash1554|Shreyash1554]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shreyash1554|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga 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|[[Special:Contributions/Tijjani Idris Abdullahi|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |33 |[[User:Aliyu A Haidar|Aliyu A Haidar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu A Haidar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |34 |[[User:Gmss876|Gmss876]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gmss876|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |35 |[[User:M.boli|M.boli]] |[[Special:Contributions/M.boli|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 30 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |} 8m5aehvv4b2qjh9pyb6naanplntoref 0 22389 549120 517842 2024-11-30T17:28:05Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannensu an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] === 1945–1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa === CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga Nuwamban shekarata 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8 na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8.) 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na 1946 da na Turai na karshe na 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka ta 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. === 1949–1966: Canji daga Turai === Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekarata 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. === 1957–1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba === [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a 1967. A cikin 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. === 1975–1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International === Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1973. A cikin 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin 1945 da 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a 1987. === 1990 – yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan === Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} 6qrwpi4fivmoalglwf6i80m3w4h4fxq 549139 549120 2024-11-30T18:17:44Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannensu an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8 na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8.) 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na 1946 da na Turai na karshe na 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka ta 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. === 1949–1966: Canji daga Turai === Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekarata 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. === 1957–1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba === [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a 1967. A cikin 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. === 1975–1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International === Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1973. A cikin 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin 1945 da 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a 1987. === 1990 – yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan === Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} 7whmwz4jr93mix9nscpdwigvwlc0szi 549140 549139 2024-11-30T18:20:37Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannensu an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8 na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ===A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekarata 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. === 1957–1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba === [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a 1967. A cikin 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. === 1975–1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International === Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1973. A cikin 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin 1945 da 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a 1987. === 1990 – yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan === Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} lwc20axjxei9ntcljsjwbwzf7nmzuz5 549141 549140 2024-11-30T18:22:44Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannen su an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon shekara ta 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8m na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na shekarar 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na shekarar 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ===A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin shekarar 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekarata 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. === 1957–1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba === [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a 1967. A cikin 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. === 1975–1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International === Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1973. A cikin 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin 1945 da 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a 1987. === 1990 – yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan === Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} pkheoe39aq6essa86z9kee43q4dsc4u 549142 549141 2024-11-30T18:24:54Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannen su an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon shekara ta 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8m na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na shekarar 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na shekarar 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ===A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin shekarar 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin shekara ta 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekara ta 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin shekarar 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin shekarar 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin shekara ta 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin shekarar 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na shekarar 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. ==A shekara t1957 zuwa shekarar 1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba == [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a shekara ta 1967. A cikin shekara ta 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin shekarar 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin shekarar 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake a shekarar 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. A shekara ta 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. === 1975–1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International === Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1973. A cikin 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin 1945 da 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a 1987. === 1990 – yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan === Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} 5fvutnn38jp26rkduwifb4gthp9xxqw 549143 549142 2024-11-30T18:26:59Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannen su an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon shekara ta 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8m na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na shekarar 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na shekarar 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ===A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin shekarar 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin shekara ta 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekara ta 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin shekarar 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin shekarar 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin shekara ta 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin shekarar 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na shekarar 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. ==A shekara t1957 zuwa shekarar 1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba == [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a shekara ta 1967. A cikin shekara ta 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin shekarar 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin shekarar 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake a shekarar 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. A shekara ta 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. ==A shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International == Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin shekara ta 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin shekarar 1973. A cikin shekara ta 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin shekarar 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin shekarar 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin shekara ta 1945 da shekarar 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a shekarar 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a shekarar 1987. == A shekara ta 1990 yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan == Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin shekarar 1980s da farkon 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekarar 1983-1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar 1991 - 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumbar 2016. ==== Microfinance ==== A farkon 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . ==== Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 ==== A cikin 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamba 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). === Amsar gaggawa === CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} e9pc6w2em09k0gbh8m9blx6g7662ols 549144 549143 2024-11-30T18:33:48Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannen su an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon shekara ta 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8m na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na shekarar 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na shekarar 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ==A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin shekarar 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin shekara ta 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekara ta 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin shekarar 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin shekarar 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin shekara ta 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin shekarar 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na shekarar 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. ==A shekara 1957 zuwa shekarar 1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba == [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a shekara ta 1967. A cikin shekara ta 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin shekarar 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin shekarar 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake a shekarar 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin shekarar 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. A shekara ta 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin shekara ta 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. ==A shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International == Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin shekara ta 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin shekarar 1973. A cikin shekara ta 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin shekarar 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin shekarar 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin shekara ta 1945 da shekarar 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a shekarar 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a shekarar 1987. == A shekara ta 1990 yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan == Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin shekarun 1980s da farkon shekarun 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekarar 1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar a shekara ta 1991 da shekarar 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . Shekara ta 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon shekarun 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumban shekarar 2016. == Microfinance == A farkon shekarun 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin shekarar 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin a shekarar 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . == Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 == A cikin shekarar 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a shekarar 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon shekarun 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin shekarar 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga shekarar 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban shekarar 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin shekara ta 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin shekarar 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin shekarar 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta a shekarar 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). ==Amsar gaggawa == CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} fbol6c78bzkgat523yz6x3rotymer1q 549163 549144 2024-11-30T19:26:10Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|type=[[International non-governmental organization|International NGO]]|name=CARE International}} [[Fayil:CARE international au burundi.jpg|thumb|Hoton mai nuni da taimakawa na burindi]] [[Fayil:CARE International – friendship and love.jpg|thumb|Hoto mai nuni da dankon zuminchi]] [[Fayil:Collaborating Across CEE and Beyond CEE Meeting 2023.pdf|thumb|Hadin gwiwa]] '''C.A.R.E''' ( '''Hadin gwiwa don Taimakawa da Taimakawa a Koina''', a baya ta kasance '''Hadin gwiwar Turawa Amurkawa zuwa Turai''' ) babbar hukuma ce ta kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da ke sadar da agajin gaggawa da ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa na dogon lokaci. An kafa ta a shekarar ta 1945, CARE ba ta da tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba ta nuna bambanci, kuma ba ta gwamnati ba.Ita ce dayan mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kungiyoyin agaji da ke ba da agaji don yakar talauci a duniya. A cikin shekarar ta 2019,CARE ta ba da rahoton aiki a cikin kasashe 104, suna tallafawa [[Talauci|ayyukan talauci na]] 1,349 da ayyukan agaji,da kai sama da mutane miliyan 92.3 kai tsaye da mutane miliyan 433.3 kai tsaye. Shirye-shiryen CARE a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna magance batutuwa da dama wadanda suka hada da amsawar gaggawa, wadatar abinci, ruwa da tsafta, habaka tattalin arziki, [[canjin yanayi]], [[Noma|aikin gona]], ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. CARE tana kuma ba da shawarwari a matakan gida, na kasa, da na duniya don sauya manufofi da kuma hakkin talakawa. A cikin kowane daga cikin yankunan da dake da su CARE tana mai da hankali kan karfafawa da biyan bukatun [[Mace|mata]] da girlsan mata da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. CARE International kungiya ce tana da membobin CARE na kasa guda goma sha huɗu, kowannen su an yi masa rijista a matsayin kungiyar mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a kasar da mambobin membobi hutu. == Tarihi == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S1207-502,_Inhalt_eines_CARE-Paket.jpg|thumb| An kawo KUNshin KYAUTA a cikin 1948.]] ==A shekara ta 1945 zuwa shekarar 1949: Asali da Kunshin Kulawa == CARE, sannan Hadin gwiwar Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Turai, an kafa ta bisa hukuma a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1945, kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama kungiyar ta dan lokaci. [[Yakin Duniya na II]] ya Kare a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. Bayan matsin lamba daga jama'a da Majalisa, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya yarda ya bar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu su ba da agaji ga wadanda ke fama da yunwa saboda yakin. CARE ta kasance kungiyar ta farko a kasar amruka domin hada kan jama'a, addini, haɗin kai, gonaki, da kungiyoyin kwadago ) tare da manufar isar da taimakon abinci zuwa [[Turai]] bayan Yakin Duniya na II . Kungiyar ta gabatar da kayan abinci na farko a cikin shekarar 1946. Taimakon kayan abinci na CARE ya dauki nau'ikan CARE Packages, wadanda aka fara isar da su ga takamaiman mutane: mutanen Amurka sun biya $ 10 don aikawa da Kayan CARE na kaura zuwa kaunataccen a turai, galibi dan uwa. Shugaba Truman ya sayi kayan hadin CARE na farko. {{Rp|p.1}} kyauta ta ba da tabbacin bayarwa cikin watanni hudu ga kowa a Turai, koda kuwa sun bar adireshin su na karshe, kuma sun dawo da takardar isar da sa hannu ga mai aikawa. Saboda aiyukan gidan waya na Turai ba abin dogaro bane a lokacin wadannan takaddun da aka sa hannu a wasu lokuta sun bada tabbaci na farko ne na cewa wanda ya karba ya tsira daga yakin. Farkon CARE ya kasance a gaskiya ragi “Goma-a-Daya” fakitin kayan abincin sojojin Amurka (wanda aka tsara don kunsar abincin yini daya na mutane goma). A farkon shekara ta 1946 CARE ta sayi miliyan 2.8m na wadannan fakitin kayan abinci, wadanda aka tsara da farko don mamaye Japan, kuma suka fara talla a Amurka. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1946, watanni shida bayan shigar da hukumar, an kawo kunshin CARE na farko a Le Havre, [[Faransa]] . Wadannan fakitin sun kunshi kayan abinci irin su naman gwangwani , madarar foda, busassun drieda fruitsan itace, da kitse tare da itemsan kayan jin dadi kamar su cakulan, kofi, da sigari . (Da yawa a kan Hukumar Daraktocin CARE sun so cire sigarin, amma ya zama ba shi da kyau a bude kuma a sake akwatinan miliyan 2.8m)a shekara ta 1946 kuma ya nuna alamar fadada CARE ta farko daga Amurka tare da kafa ofishi a [[Kanada]] . A farkon shekarar 1947 wadatar kayan abinci "Goma-a-Daya" ta kare kuma kamfanin CARE ya fara hada kayan aikinsa. An tsara wadannan sababbin fakitin ne tare da taimakon mai ilimin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba su hada da sigari ba kuma an tsara su ta dan yadda za su tafi: An inganta fakitin Kosher, kuma misali fakiti na [[Birtaniya|forasar Ingila]] sun hada da [[shayi]] maimakon kofi, kuma fakitin [[Italiya]] sun haɗa da taliya. Zuwa shekarar 1949 CARE ya bayar kuma ya shigo da fakitoci daban daban goma sha biyu. Kodayake kungiyar ta yi niyyar isar da fakitin ga wasu mutane da aka ayyana kawai, a cikin shekara guda CARE ta fara isar da fakitin da aka gabatar misali "ga malami" ko kuma kawai "ga mai yunwa a Turai." {{Rp|p.18}} Wadannan gudummawar da ba a bayyana su ba sun ci gaba kuma a farkon shekarar 1948 CARE's Board sun kada kuri'a don matsawa bisa hukuma zuwa ga gudummawar da ba a bayyana ta ba kuma fadada cikin karin taimako na gaba daya. Domin a samu sauyi Wasu daga cikin hukumomin membobin da ba su yarda da wannan sauyin ba, suna masu cewa karin taimako gaba daya zai zama kwafi ne na aikin wasu hukumomin, amma masu bayar da gudummawa sun karba da kyau, gudummawa sun karu, kuma wannan shawarar za ta nuna farkon sauyawar CARE zuwa umarni mai fadi. Tsakanin isarwar farko na shekarar 1946 da na Turai na karshe na shekarar 1956, an rarraba miliyoyin CARE Packages ko'ina cikin Turai, sama da 50% daga cikin su na zuwa [[Jamus]] gami da da yawa da aka isar a matsayin wani bangare na jirgin sama na Berlin sakamakon martani ga toshewar Soviet na shekarar 1948 na Berlin . Dokar Noma ta Amurka a shekarar 1949 ta samar da wadatattun kayayyakin amfanin gonar Amurka don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ko ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da CARE. A cikin shekara ta 1954 Dokar Jama'a 480, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Abinci don Zaman Lafiya, ya Kara fadada wadatar rarar abincin Amurka a matsayin taimako. Wannan harka yarda CARE fadada da ciyar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da kuma shekara ta 2009 CARE amfani da daruruwan miliyoyin daloli 'darajar da ragi kayayyaki a agaji da kuma shirye-shirye kamar makaranta abincin rana arziki. ==A shekara ta 1949 zuwa shekarar 1966: Canji daga Turai == Koda yake tun da farko kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Turai, a watan Yulin shekarar 1948 CARE ta bude aikinta na farko da ba na Turai ba, a [[Japan]] . Isar da kayayyaki zuwa [[Sin|China]] da Koriya sun biyo baya, wanda CARE ta bayyana a matsayin taimako ga yankunan "da matsalar WWII". {{Rp|p.119}} A cikin shekara ta 1949 CARE ya shiga kasashe masu tasowa a karo na farko, yana kaddamar da shirye-shirye a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Ayyuka a [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], da [[Mexico (kasa)|Mexico]] sun fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. 1949 kuma ya ba da alama fadadawar CARE ta farko zuwa taimakon ba abinci tare da haɓaka kunshin "taimakon kai" wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin noma, kafinta, da sauran sana'oi da kwn taimaka. A cikin shekara ta 1953, saboda fadada shi zuwa ayyukan da ke wajen Turai, CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeriyar kalma zuwa "Hadin gwiwa don Amurkan Amurkawa zuwa Koina". Yayinda Turai ta Farfado da tattalin arziki, CARE ta fuskanci bukatar sake kimanta aikinta: a cikin shekarar 1955 membobin kwamitin da yawa suna jayayya cewa tare da dawo da Turai dokar CARE ta Kare kuma kungiyar ya kamata ta narke. Sauran membobin kwamitin duk da haka suna ganin cewa aikin CARE ya kamata ya ci gaba duk da cewa yana da sabon ci gaba ga kasashe masu tasowa. A watan Yulin shekarar 1955 Hukumar Daraktocin sun zabi don ci gaba da fadada ayyukan CARE a wajen Turai. Paul French, babban darakta a lokacin, ya yi murabus kan muhawarar. Sabon darakta Richard W. Reuter ya hau mulki a cikin shekara ta 1955 kuma ya taimaka jagorantar kungiyar zuwa wata sabuwar alkibla. Ofishin Jakadancin guda 22 da CARE sun rufe ayyuka arba'in da biyu, galibi a kasashen Turai, an Kuma daga martaba da inganta sashen . A cikin shekarar 1956 CARE ta rarraba abinci ga 'yan gudun hijirar juyin juya halin Hungary na shekarar 1956, kuma wannan zai kasance daga cikin ayyukan CARE na ƙarshe a cikin Turai tsawon shekaru. ==A shekara 1957 zuwa shekarar 1975: Canji zuwa fadada aikin ci gaba == [[File:CARE_8c_1971_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg|right|thumb| Kula da hatimin Amurka]] Tare da fadada yanayin wuri ya sami fadada hanya yayin da CARE ta fara faɗaɗa fiye da ainihin shirinta na rarraba abinci. Domin tuno da wadannan sabbin manufofin, a shekarar 1959 CARE ta canza ma'anar gajeruwar kalmar a karo na biyu, ta zama "Hadin gwiwa don Bayar da Agaji na Amurka a Koina". Da yake nuna wannan fa'idar, CARE ta shiga cikin 1961 tare da kafa Shugaba John F. Kennedy na Peace Corps . An caji CARE da zaba da horar da rukunin farko na masu sa kai, wadanda daga baya za a tura su zuwa ayyukan ci gaba a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] . Peaceungiyar Peace Corps ta karbi iko sosai kan horar da Volan Agaji na Peace Corps a cikin manufa na gaba, amma CARE ta ci gaba da ba da daraktocin kasa zuwa Peace Corps har sai ayyukan hadin gwiwar CARE-Peace Corps sun Kare a shekara ta 1967. A cikin shekara ta 1962 CARE ta hadu tare da shugabar da kungiyar ba da agajin likita ta MEDICO, wacce ta kasance tana aiki tare da shi na shekaru da yawa a baya. Hadin kan ya haɓaka karfin CARE sosai don sadar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ciki har da kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin wannan canji an cire Kunshin CARE na asali. An kawo kunshin abinci na karshe a cikin shekarar 1967 kuma kayan aiki na karshe a cikin shekarar 1968. Fiye da Kayan Gudun CARE miliyan 100 aka kawo a duk duniya tun farkon jigilar su zuwa Faransa. Kodayake a shekarar 1968 ta nuna alamar "ritaya" a hukumance na CARE Package za a sake amfani da tsarin lokaci-lokaci, misali a cikin sassaucin CARE ga jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da wadanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Bosniya. Hakanan an sake farfado da manufar a cikin shekarar 2011 azaman kamfen kan layi na karfafa masu ba da gudummawa don cika "virtualunshin CARE mai kama da juna" tare da taimakon abinci da ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya da tsaftar lafiya. A shekara ta 1967 kuma ya sanya alama kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta farko da CARE tare da gwamnati: don gina makarantu a [[Honduras]] . Yarjejeniyar kawance da gwamnatoci ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen zama cikin kasar gaba daya maimakon 'yan tsirarun al'ummomi. Shirye-shiryen CARE a wannan zamanin sun fi mai da hankali kan gina makarantu da cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaba da rarraba abinci. Cibiyoyin abinci mai gina jiki musamman zasu zama dayan manyan wuraren kulawa na CARE, haduwa da shirye-shiryen ciyar da makaranta da ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara akan sabbin uwaye. A cikin shekara ta 1975 CARE ta aiwatar da tsarin tsara shekaru da yawa, kuma sake ba da damar shirye-shirye su zama masu faɗaɗa da zurfin fage. Ayyuka sun zama da yawa ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna ba da misali ba kawai ilimin kiwon lafiya ba har ma da samun ruwa mai tsafta da shirin noma don inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin tsare-tsaren shekaru da yawa ya kuma kara girman ayyukan kasa baki daya da kawance da kananan hukumomi. Aikin 1977 misali an samar dashi don gina makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 200 a duk [[Chile|ƙasar Chile]] tsawon shekaru, wanda CARE da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile suka ba da kuɗi tare. ==A shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 1990: Daga CARE zuwa CARE International == Kodayake CARE ta bude ofishi a Kanada a cikin shekara ta 1946, amma har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s da gaske kungiyar ta fara zama kungiyar kasa da Kasa. Kula Kanada (da farko Kulawa na Kanada) ya zama jiki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin shekarar 1973. A cikin shekara ta 1976 CARE Turai aka kafa a Bonn biyo bayan nasarar kamfen din tara kudi "Dank an CARE" (Godiya ga CARE). A cikin shekarar 1981 aka kirkiri CARE Jamus kuma CARE Turai ta kaura da hedkwatarta zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] . An kirkiro CARE Norway a cikin shekarar 1980, kuma an kafa CAREs a cikin Italiya da Burtaniya. Shaharar ofisoshin CARE a Turai an danganta ta ne da cewa yawancin Turawa sun tuna da karɓar taimakon CARE da kansu tsakanin shekara ta 1945 da shekarar 1955. A shekara ta 1979 aka fara shirin kafa kungiyar laima don daidaitawa da hana kwafi a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na CARE. Wannan sabon jikin an sa masa suna CARE International kuma sun hadu a karon farko a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1982, tare da CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, da CARE USA (wanda a da kawai ake kira CARE). CARE International zata fadada sosai yayin shekarun 1980, tare da kari na CARE Faransa a 1983; CARE International UK a cikin 1985; Kula da Austria a shekarar 1986; da CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, da CARE Japan a shekarar 1987. == A shekara ta 1990 yanzu: Tarihin kwanan nan == Tare da fadada ayyukan ci gaban ayyukan CARE a cikin shekarun 1980s da farkon shekarun 1990s sun mai da hankali musamman kan dabarun kera gonaki kamar sake dasa bishiyoyi da kiyaye ƙasa a gabashin Afirka da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . CARE kuma ta ba da amsa ga manyan matsaloli na gaggawa a wannan lokacin, musamman ma matsalar yunwar da ta faru a shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekarar 1985 a Habasha da kuma yunwar a shekara ta 1991 da shekarar 1991 a [[Somaliya]] . Shekara ta 1990s kuma sun ga juyin halitta a cikin tsarin CARE na talauci. Asali CARE ta kalli talauci da farko kamar rashin kayan masarufi da sabis kamar abinci, ruwa mai tsafta, da kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda ikon CARE ya fadada duka geographically da kuma a saman wannan hanyar an fadada ta yadda ya hada da ra'ayi cewa talauci ya kasance a lokuta da yawa sanadiyyar wariyar al'umma, banbanci, da wariya . A farkon shekarun 1990s CARE ta dauki tsarin tsaro na rayuwar rayuwar iyali wanda ya hada da ra'ayi mai yawa na talauci kamar ya kunshi ba kawai albarkatun jiki ba har ma da matsayin zamantakewar jama'a da karfin dan adam. A sakamakon wannan, a shekara ta 2000, CARE ta kaddamar da tsarin tushen Hakkokin don ci gaba . An kai hari kan daya daga cikin gine-ginensu, kuma mutane sun mutu da jikkata, yayin hare-haren Kabul na watan Satumban shekarar 2016. == Microfinance == A farkon shekarun 1990s CARE kuma ta habaka abin da zai zama muhimmin abin koyi don karancin Kudi . Wannan samfurin ana kiransa ingsungiyoyin Kudi da Lamuni na geauye kuma an fara shi a cikin shekarar 1991 azaman aikin gwaji na Ofishin Casar CARE a [[Nijar (kasa)|Nijar]] . An gabatar da aikin gwajin Mata Masu Dubara sannan kamfanin CARE Niger ya kirkiro wannan samfurin ta hanyar daidaita tsarin Kamfanin Tarawa da kuma Bashi . Samfurin ya kunshi kungiyoyi kimanin mutane 15-30 waɗanda ke adanawa koyaushe kuma suna yin aro ta amfani da asusun kungiyar. Savingsarin kudaden da ka yada za'a ingata su memba yana Kirkirar kudade da za a iya amfani da shi don lamuni na dan gajeren lokaci da babban birni kuma an raba riba tsakanin kungiyar a karshen lokacin da aka bayar (yawanci kusan shekara guda), a wannan lokacin kungiyoyi sukan sake yin tsari don fara sabon zagaye . Saboda ajiyar litattafan da ake bukata don gudanar da Savungiyar Ajiye Loungiyoyi da Lamuni mai sauki ne kuma yawancin kungiyoyi sun sami nasarar zama masu cin gashin kansu a cikin shekara daya kuma suna jin dadin rayuwa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci. CARE ta kirkiro sama da kungiyoyi dubu 40 na Ajiye Kungiyoyi da Kungiyoyi (sama da membobi miliyan 1) a duk fadin Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka sannan a shekara ta 2008 sun kaddamar da Access Africa wanda ke da niyyar fadada horar da ingsungiyar Ba da Lamuni da ansungiyar Lamuni ga kasashe 39 na Afirka kafin a shekarar 2018 Hakanan an maimaita samfurin a cikin [[Afirka]] da [[Asiya]] da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ciki har da Oxfam, Plan International, da Katolika Relief Services . CARE UK daga baya kaddamar lendwithcare.org, wanda damar jama'a su yi microloans, ciki har da kore rance, to, 'yan kasuwa a Afrika da Asiya. Ya guji yawancin sukar da ake yi a Kiva.org . == Sanarwa da ma'anar kalmomi da cika shekaru 50 == A cikin shekarar 1993 CARE, don yin tunaninta tsarin kungiya na kasa da Kasa, ya canza ma'anar karancin sunansa a karo na uku, inda ya dauki sunan da yake yanzu "perative gungiyar taimakawa da taimakawa a Koina". CARE ta kuma sanya bikin cika shekaru 50 a shekarar 1994. CARE ta fadada ƙungiyar zuwa mambobi goma sha biyu a farkon shekarun 2000s, tare da CARE Netherlands (tsohuwar Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Bala'i) wasu yarjejeniyar da tsare tsare ta shiga cikin shekarar 2001 da CARE Thailand (da ake kira Raks Thai Foundation) suka shiga shekarar 2003, suka zama memba na Cungiyar CARE ta farko a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa. Sanannen kamfen ɗin "I am Powerful" wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin USA a watan Satumban shekarar 2006 kuma an shirya shi ne don ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga ƙungiyar da ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata . CARE ta bayyana cewa shirye-shiryenta suna maida hankali ne akan mata da 'yan mata duk saboda talakan duniya mata ne wadanda basu dace ba kuma saboda ana ganin karfafa mata ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kawo ci gaba da nasarori sosai. CARE ta kuma jaddada cewa tana daukar yin aiki tare da samari da maza wani muhimmin bangare na karfafawa mata, kuma karfafawa mata yana amfanar maza da mata. A cikin shekara ta 2007 CARE ta sanar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2009 ba za ta ƙara karɓar wasu nau'ikan taimakon abinci na Amurka na kimanin dala miliyan 45 a shekara ba, suna masu jayayya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan taimakon abinci ba su da inganci kuma suna cutarwa ga kasuwannin cikin gida. Musamman, CARE ta sanar da cewa zata yi watsi da duk taimakon abinci (rarar abincin Amurka da ake turawa ga kungiyoyin agaji a kasashe masu tasowa wadanda kuma suke siyar da abincin a kasuwannin karkara dan tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba) da duk taimakon abinci da nufin samar da fa'idar kasuwanci. ga mai bayarwa da taimakawa, kuma zai kara sadaukar da kai ga sayen taimakon abinci a cikin gida. CARE kuma ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake karbar abincin USDA ba ta hanyar Title 1 (tallace-tallace na ba da izini) ko Sashe na 416 (rarar kudi) saboda wadannan shirye-shiryen an yi niyya ne musamman don samar da fa'idar kasuwanci ga Noman Amurka. A cikin shekarar 2011 CARE ta Kara memba na farko, CARE India, kuma a cikin 2012 kwamitin CI ya karbi CARE Peru a matsayin memba na biyu na CARE. CARE Indiya ta zama cikakkiyar memba a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2013. Hukumar ta CI ta karbi CARE Peru a matsayin cikakken memba na Kungiyar a watan Yunin shekarar 2015. CARE a halin yanzu manyan Mafi yawan su masu zaman kansu ne kawai don yin adana bayanan kimantawar aikin su a bainar jama'a, da kuma gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na hanyoyin kimantawa da tasirin ƙungiya gabaɗaya. == Tsarin CARE == CARE International kungiya ce ta AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREungiyoyin AREasa goma sha hudu, wadanda ke kula da sakatariyar kasa da Kasa ta CARE. Sakatariyar tana da gindin zaune ne a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Brussels don yin Hulda da [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da cibiyoyin Turai bi da bi. Kowane Nationalungiyar AREasa ta Nationalasa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a cikin kasa, kuma kowane memba yana gudanar da shirye-shirye, tattara kudi, da ayyukan sadarwa a cikin kasarsa da kuma a kasashe masu tasowa inda CARE ke aiki dama inda yake Sanya ido. Akwai Membobin Nationalasa goma sha hudu. Membobin CARE goma sha hudu da mambobin membobi hudu sune: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Membobi na Nationalasa da iliungiyoyi ! scope="col" | Kulawa Mamba ! scope="col" | Ya shiga cikin Kungiyar har zuwa: ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Yanar Gizo |- | Kula Australia | 1987 | [http://www.care.org.au/ www.care.org.au] |- | Kula Kanada | 1946 | [http://www.care.ca/ www.care.ca] |- | Chrysalis Sri Lanka * | 2017 | http://chrysaliscatalyz.com/ |- | CARE Danmark | 1987 | [http://www.care.dk/ www.care.dk] |- | CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg | 1981 | [http://www.care.de/ www.care.de] |- | Kula da Misira * | 2017 | [http://www.care.org.eg/ www.care.org.eg/] |- | Kula Faransa | 1983 | [http://www.carefrance.org/ www.carefrance.org] |- | Kula Indiya | 2011 | [http://www.careindia.org/ www.careindia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727215626/https://www.careindia.org/ |date=2021-07-27 }} |- | Kula da Indonesia * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Japan | 1987 | [http://www.careintjp.org/ www.careintjp.org] |- | Kula da Morocco * | 2017 | |- | Kula da Nederland | 2001 | [http://www.carenederland.org/ www.kazaza.ir] |- | KYAUTA Norge | 1980 | [http://www.care.no/ www.care.no] |- | Kula da Österreich | 1986 | [http://www.care.at/ www.care.at] |- | Kula Peru | 2012 | [http://www.care.org.pe/ www.care.org.pe] |- | Gidauniyar Raks Thai (CARE Thailand) | 2003 | [http://www.raksthai.org/ www.raksthai.org] |- | CARE International UK | 1985 | [http://www.careinternational.org.uk/ www.careinternational.org.uk] |- | Kula Amurka (memba mai kafa: asali kawai CARE) | 1945 | [http://www.care.org/ www.care.org] |} ''Ana yiwa mambobin hadin gwiwa alama tare da alama (*)'' == Tsarin shirye-shirye == A cikin 2016 CARE tana aiki a cikin kasashe masu zuwa (har ma a cikin membobin da kasashe masu alaka): {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Yanki ! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Kasashen da CARE ke aiki a cikin 2014 |- | [[Asiya|Asia]] da Pacific | [[Afghanistan]], Australia, Fiji, [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Timor-Leste]], Japan, [[Vanuatu]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Habasha, Kenya, Ruwanda, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Tanzania da Uganda |- | Latin Amurka | [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Brazil]], Dominican Republic, [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], [[Honduras]], [[Ecuador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], Panama, [[Peru]], Mexico |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, West Bank da kuma Gaza, da Yemen. |- | Amirka ta Arewa | Kanada da Amurka. |- | [[Afirka|Afirka ta Kudu]] | Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambiya da Zimbabwe |- | Afirka ta Yamma | Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Saliyo da Togo. |} An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba da taimakon jin kai 962 a wadannan kasashen, inda kai tsaye aka kai mutane miliyan 80,120,323. Rushewar yanki ya kasance kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kula da Ayyuka ta Yanki ! scope="col" | Yanki ! scope="col" | Kai tsaye Mahalarta ! scope="col" | Ayyuka |- | Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka | 9,086,533 | 200 |- | Latin Amurka da Caribbean | 965,705 | 93 |- | Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai | 3,616,754 | 194 |- | Asiya da Fasifik | 56,738,386 | 329 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 4,640,456 | 80 |- | Afirka ta Yamma | 5,072,468 | 137 |} A cikin shekarar kasafin kudi ta a shekarar 2016, CARE ta ba da rahoton kasafin kudi sama da Euro miliyan 574 da ma'aikatan 9,175 (94% daga cikin su 'yan asalin kasar da suke aiki). ==Amsar gaggawa == CARE tana tallafawa taimakon gaggawa gami da rigakafi, shirye-shirye, da shirye-shiryen dawowa. A cikin shekarar 2016, CARE a gwargwadon rahoto ya kai sama da mutane miliyan 7.2 ta hanyar taimakon agaji. Babban mahimman sassan CARE don amsar gaggawa sune Tsaron Abinci, Mahalli, WASH da Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa. CARE shine mai sanya hannu kan manyan ka'idodin agaji na duniya da ka'idodi gudanarwa ciki har da Code of Conduct for the [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|International Red Cross]] and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) ka'idodi da Kima. == Hanyoyin sadarwa da kawance == CARE mai sa hannu ne ga ka'idodi masu zuwa na shiga tsakani: Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As da kyau, CARE memba ne na wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa da nufin inganta inganci da daidaito na taimakon agaji: Tsarin Ginin Gaggawar Gaggawa, Consortium na Britishungiyoyin Agaji na Biritaniya, Learningungiyar Koyon Aiki don Kula da Aiki Ayyukan Jin Kai, Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Amincewa da Jin Kai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Hukumomin Agaji, da Yarjejeniyar Kula da InGO. Hakanan CARE tana shiga cikin kamfen neman tallafi tare da wasu manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Gangamin Duniya na Canjin Yanayi misali guda ne. == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.care-international.org}} diwphbjqm3zo1f6id552nrw6rl12u5h 0 22417 549286 464364 2024-12-01T05:22:05Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi 549286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox organization|name=International Partnership for Human Rights|type=[[Non-profit organisation|Non-profit]]<br />[[NGO]]}} '''Ƙawancen Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan-Adam''' (IPHR), ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙ[[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|asa da ƙasa da ke rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam]] tare da wurin zama a Brussels, [[Beljik|Belgium]] . An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 2008. Organization ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO, wacce aka yiwa rijista tare da Kotun Kasuwanci ta Brussels a matsayin ''ƙungiya ba tare da cin nasara ba'', ko (ASBL)). == Manufa == Babbar manufar IPHR ita ce ta karfafa ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na cikin gida da ke ƙarfafa [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a ƙasashe daban-daban tare da taimaka musu wajen bayyana damuwar su a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Yin aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, IPHR na aiki ne don ciyar da hakkokin al'ummomin masu rauni, waɗanda ke fuskantar wariya da cin zarafin ɗan adam a sassa daban-daban na duniya, ta hanyar sanya ido, bayar da rahoto, wayar da kan jama'a, gina iyawa da ƙasa da ƙasa da bayar da shawarwari. <ref>See mission statement on [http://www.iphronline.org/index.html IPHR's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520050624/http://www.iphronline.org/index.html |date=2013-05-20 }}</ref> == Tarihi == IPHR an ƙirƙira ta a cikin bazarar shekarar 2008 ta ƙungiyar masu rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam <ref>See People on [http://www.iphronline.org/people.html IPHR's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715035822/https://www.iphronline.org/people.html |date=2021-07-15 }}</ref> waɗanda a baya suka yi aiki tare don Federationungiyar Hasashen Helsinki ta Vasa ta [[Vienna]] . <ref>The IHF filed for bankruptcy in 2007 following a massive fraud committed by its financial manager. For further information, see the [http://www.ihf-hr.org IHF's website and archives]</ref> == Ayyukan == IPHR tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na haƙƙin ɗan adam daga ƙasashe daban-daban kan haɓaka ayyukan da aiwatarwa, ayyukan bincike da wallafe-wallafe, har ma da bayar da shawarwarin ƙasashe (a gaban [[Tarayyar Turai|EU]], Majalisar Turai, Organizationungiyar Tsaro da Hadin Kai a Turai (OSCE), da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Al'umma]] ). IPHR ta hadin gwiwa tare da abokin tarayya kungiyoyin da nufin musamman a inganta da yancin m al'ummomin, kamar kabilanci da addini, 'yan tsiraru . masu fafutukar kare [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokiradiyya]], 'yan gwagwarmayar kungiyoyin farar hula, mambobin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da sauran wadanda ke fuskantar zalunci . IPHR kuma yana ba da sabis na shawarwari ga sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. IPHR a halin yanzu tana aiwatar da ayyuka dangane da [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], [[Rasha]], [[Belarus]] da sauran ƙasashe na tsohuwar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . Ayyukanta sun kuma fadada zuwa wasu yankuna na duniya, gami da ƙasashen Tekun Fasha da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . IPHR memba ce ta cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a da yawa, gami da Anna Lindh Euro-Rum Foundation don Tattaunawa Tsakanin Al'adu, Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam da kungiyar Demokraɗiyya [http://www.hrdn.eu/], Kungiyar Kare Hakkin kasashen Turai [http://fra.europa.eu/en/cooperation/civil-society/about-frp], kungiyar Hadin Kai ta Jama'a [http://www.civicsolidarity.org/] da kungiyar al'umma na ƙasashen EU-Russia [http://www.eu-russia-csf.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729134827/https://eu-russia-csf.org/ |date=2021-07-29 }} . == Littattafai == IPHR sun buga bayanai da yawa, roko, takaddun bayanai da rahotanni. Yawancin waɗannan an bayar da su tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na tarayya daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Duk ana samun su a gidan yanar sadarwar IPHR [http://www.iphronline.org/publications.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628164112/http://www.iphronline.org/publications.html |date=2015-06-28 }} . 'Yan misalai kaɗan na haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da: * [http://www.iphronline.org/eu_centralasia_appeal_20120619_e.html] Rokon Civilungiyar Jama'a: Sanya haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a ƙasan aikin EU a Asiya ta Tsakiya * [http://www.iphronline.org/ca_report_20120307_e.html] 'Yanci na asali da ke cikin babbar barazana a Asiya ta Tsakiya shekaru ashirin bayan rushewar Soviet * [http://www.iphronline.org/ca_internet_20111128_e.html] Tantancewar Intanet da sarrafawa a Asiya ta Tsakiya * [http://www.iphronline.org/osce_20110922_e.html] Gudummawa ga Taron Nazarin OSCE: Civilungiyoyin fararen hula da ke cikin matsi a ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya == Kungiyoyi == IPHR tana da hukumomi guda uku: Babban Taro, Kwamitin Daraktoci da Darakta mai kula da gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun. Babban Taron ya ƙunshi dukkan mambobi masu tasiri. Sannan akalla dole ne a gudanar da taro guda daya kowace shekara don amincewa da takardun kudi da kuma nada mambobin kwamitin. Kwamitin Daraktoci yana kula da gudanarwar ƙungiyar kuma yana aiwatar da duk ƙarfin da ba a bayyana shi ga Babban Taron ba. Ya ƙunshi mambobi 3 zuwa 9 waɗanda aka zaɓa tsakanin mambobi masu tasiri; har zuwa 1/3 na membobin kwamitin na iya zama daraktocin waje. <ref>See IPHR's Statutes on [http://www.iphronline.org/statutes.html IPHR's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608072402/http://www.iphronline.org/statutes.html |date=2012-06-08 }}</ref> == Kudi == IPHR tana ɗaukar kuɗaɗen ayyukanta da ayyukanta ta hanyar tallafi (daga masu ba da taimako na masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, kamar su Hukumar Turai <ref>For more information on the EC's external cooperation programmes, see [http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/finance/eidhr_en.htm the EIDHR page]</ref> ) da kuma kuɗaɗe. == Manazarta == [[category:Manufa]] [[category:Tarihi]] [[category:Ayyuka]] [[category:Kudade]] == Majiyoyi == * [http://www.IPHRonline.org Partungiyar Kawancen Duniya don 'Yancin Dan Adam (IPHR) Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [https://www.facebook.com/IPHRonline www.facebook.com/IPHRonline] * [https://twitter.com/IPHR twitter.com/IPHR] * [http://www.ihf-hr.org Hungiyar Helsinki ta Duniya don 'Yancin Dan Adam] * [http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/finance/eidhr_en.htm RANAR EIDHR] 3nijr0d9xmv35di0skwpk5cz2pap0oa 0 22548 549116 220244 2024-11-30T17:06:43Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Kinshasa_&_Brazzaville_-_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kinshasa_&_Brazzaville_-_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron ɗan adam wanda yake nuna Kogin Malebo / Stanley]] [[Fayil:Kinshasa & Brazzaville - ISS007-E-6305.jpg|thumb|Mbamu]] '''Mbamu''' (kuma: '''M´Bamou''' da '''Bamu''') tsibiri ne a cikin Pool Malebo, babban tafki wanda aka faɗaɗa shi ta faɗaɗa a [[Kogin Congo]]. Tsibirin yanki ne na Jamhuriyar Congo (Congo Brazzaville). Mbamu yanki ne da aka keɓe shi a ƙarƙashin mulkin tsaka tsaki wanda aka kafa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Franco-Belgium a shekarar 1908, lokacin da waɗannan ƙasashe biyu suka yi mulkin mallaka a kan yankuna a kowane gefen Kogin Congo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=B0YC55a-GTEC&pg=PA511&dq=Mbamu+island+neutral#v=onepage&q=Mbamu%20island%20neutral&f=false|title=International Law in Historical Perspective|isbn=9789021890500|last1=Verzijl|first1=J. H. W.|date=1970-12-31}}</ref> Pool Malebo yana da fadin ƙasa kilomita 180.<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/359978/Malebo-Pool "Malebo Pool"]. [http://www.britannica.com Encyclopædia Britannica]. Accessed June 2017.</ref> Manyan biranen ƙasa biyu suna can ƙasa sosai: zuwa arewa maso yamma kusa da kogin akwai Brazzaville, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Congo. A kudancin tafkin da kogin akwai Kinshasa, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (Congo-Kinshasa). == Manazarta == 32ocnja4js35jjqeou2x2gyq1xdrfqd 0 23354 549119 498302 2024-11-30T17:26:15Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dzifa Affainie 2.JPG|thumb|Dzifa Affainie]] [[Fayil:Dzifa.JPG|thumb|yar jarida Dzifa Affainie]] '''Dzifa Affainie''' (née '''Smith''', an haife ta 11 ga Maris Shekara ta 1980) mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen talabijin ce ta Ghana kuma anga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host {{!}} Entertainment News|url=http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206081011/http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|archive-date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Scaro|first=V. J.|title=No More The Late Nite Celebrity Show! Details Emerge On Dzifa Affainie's New Show, Unplugged With Dzifa - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/late-nite-celebrity-show-details-emerge-dzifa-affainies-new-show-unplugged-dzifa/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ''Late Nite Celebrity Show'' akan e.tv Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Queen Of Talk – Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/24968/the-queen-of-talk-dzifa-affainie-returns.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Affainie da sunan Deborah Dzifa Klu. Mahaifinta daga baya ya canza sunan dangi zuwa Smith. Affainie tana da karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren St. Mary da ke Korle Gonno, Accra, inda ta koyi manyan sana'o'in ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Affainie ta fara aikin talabijin a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Teen Beat a Gidan Talabijin na Ghana (GTV), inda ta yi fice kuma ta lashe zukatan 'yan Ghana da yawa a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar TV. A shekarar 2001 tana da shekaru 21, ta shiga Top Radio a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo da ke gabatar da Labarai da sauran shirye -shirye. A shekara ta 2003, ta koma TV Africa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban mai shirya fim ɗin Ghana Kwaw Ansah. Ita ce Anchor na TV Africa na farko, Mai watsa shiri na shirin Afirka na ''Obaa Mbo'' da kuma mai watsa shiri na ''Day Break'', shirin safe na tashar. A cikin 2010, ta shiga E.tv Ghana a matsayin mai masaukin baki a shirin 'Celebrity Soccer' wanda aka kirkira don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta ci gaba da ba da amsa ga shirin lashe lambar yabo ta E.tv Ghana ''The Late Nite Celebrity Show''. Ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da manyan mashahuran mutane a Ghana da bayanta kuma ƙwazonta almara ne. Ta dauki sunan showbiz DzifAffainie yayin da ita ce mai masaukin shirin Nate Celebrity Show.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A cikin Janairu 2014, ta bar E.tv Ghana kuma ta haɗu tare da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jot Agyeman wanda ya ci lambar yabo don samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'', ƙwarewar TV ta ɓangarori 26 da aka kirkira don haskaka masu motsi da girgiza a Ghana da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=The Queen of Talk–Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|archive-date=6 May 2016|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Citifm online}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> An cire haɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'' haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin IF Media Consult da Cibiyar Ayyukan Media.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Dzifa ta auri Lt. Col (Rtd) Edward Affainie a halin yanzu tare da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da 'ya'ya mata 4. ta haifi ɗiyarta ta huɗu a watan Satumba na 2013 a Englewood Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey, Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title="Late Nite Celebrity Show" Hostess, Dzifa Delivers Fourth Baby Girl {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201309/175474.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == ta ci la mbobin yabo da dama da suka hada da Mai Gabatar da Talabijin na shekarar 2007 a Gasar Al'adu ta Ghana, Mai Gabatar da Gidan Talabijin Mai Kyau a Kyautar RTP a 2011.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] gnqe80trxfiqp61y9mk3o1obpa5wdpi 549176 549119 2024-11-30T19:44:27Z Mahuta 11340 549176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dzifa Affainie 2.JPG|thumb|Dzifa Affainie]] [[Fayil:Dzifa.JPG|thumb|yar jarida Dzifa Affainie]] '''Dzifa Affainie''' (née '''Smith''', an haife ta 11 ga Maris Shekara ta 1980) mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen talabijin ce ta Ghana kuma anga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host {{!}} Entertainment News|url=http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206081011/http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|archive-date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Scaro|first=V. J.|title=No More The Late Nite Celebrity Show! Details Emerge On Dzifa Affainie's New Show, Unplugged With Dzifa - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/late-nite-celebrity-show-details-emerge-dzifa-affainies-new-show-unplugged-dzifa/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ''Late Nite Celebrity Show'' akan e.tv Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Queen Of Talk – Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/24968/the-queen-of-talk-dzifa-affainie-returns.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Affainie da sunan Deborah Dzifa Klu. Mahaifinta daga baya ya canza sunan dangi zuwa Smith. Affainie tana da karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren St. Mary da ke Korle Gonno, Accra, inda ta koyi manyan sana'o'in ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Affainie ta fara aikin [[talabijin]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Teen Beat a Gidan Talabijin na Ghana (GTV), inda ta yi fice kuma ta lashe zukatan 'yan Ghana da yawa a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar TV. A shekarar 2001 tana da shekaru 21, ta shiga Top Radio a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo da ke gabatar da Labarai da sauran shirye -shirye. A shekara ta 2003, ta koma TV Africa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban mai shirya fim ɗin Ghana Kwaw Ansah. Ita ce Anchor na TV Africa na farko, Mai watsa shiri na shirin Afirka na ''Obaa Mbo'' da kuma mai watsa shiri na ''Day Break'', shirin safe na tashar. A cikin 2010, ta shiga E.tv Ghana a matsayin mai masaukin baki a shirin 'Celebrity Soccer' wanda aka kirkira don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta ci gaba da ba da amsa ga shirin lashe lambar yabo ta E.tv Ghana ''The Late Nite Celebrity Show''. Ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da manyan mashahuran mutane a Ghana da bayanta kuma ƙwazonta almara ne. Ta dauki sunan showbiz DzifAffainie yayin da ita ce mai masaukin shirin Nate Celebrity Show.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A cikin Janairu 2014, ta bar E.tv Ghana kuma ta haɗu tare da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jot Agyeman wanda ya ci lambar yabo don samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'', ƙwarewar TV ta ɓangarori 26 da aka kirkira don haskaka masu motsi da girgiza a Ghana da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=The Queen of Talk–Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|archive-date=6 May 2016|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Citifm online}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> An cire haɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'' haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin IF Media Consult da Cibiyar Ayyukan Media.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Dzifa ta auri Lt. Col (Rtd) Edward Affainie a halin yanzu tare da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da 'ya'ya mata 4. ta haifi ɗiyarta ta huɗu a watan Satumba na 2013 a Englewood Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey, Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title="Late Nite Celebrity Show" Hostess, Dzifa Delivers Fourth Baby Girl {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201309/175474.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == ta ci la mbobin yabo da dama da suka hada da Mai Gabatar da Talabijin na shekarar 2007 a Gasar Al'adu ta Ghana, Mai Gabatar da Gidan Talabijin Mai Kyau a Kyautar RTP a 2011.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 1ug5ru8knjanlma8ro2q31ni1iosqh8 549177 549176 2024-11-30T19:44:44Z Mahuta 11340 549177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dzifa Affainie 2.JPG|thumb|Dzifa Affainie]] [[Fayil:Dzifa.JPG|thumb|yar jarida Dzifa Affainie]] '''Dzifa Affainie''' (née '''Smith''', an haife ta 11 ga Maris Shekara ta 1980) mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen talabijin ce ta Ghana kuma anga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host {{!}} Entertainment News|url=http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206081011/http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|archive-date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Scaro|first=V. J.|title=No More The Late Nite Celebrity Show! Details Emerge On Dzifa Affainie's New Show, Unplugged With Dzifa - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/late-nite-celebrity-show-details-emerge-dzifa-affainies-new-show-unplugged-dzifa/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ''Late Nite Celebrity Show'' akan e.tv Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Queen Of Talk – Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/24968/the-queen-of-talk-dzifa-affainie-returns.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Affainie da sunan Deborah Dzifa Klu. Mahaifinta daga baya ya canza sunan dangi zuwa Smith. Affainie tana da karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren St. Mary da ke Korle Gonno, Accra, inda ta koyi manyan sana'o'in ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Affainie ta fara aikin [[talabijin]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Teen Beat a Gidan Talabijin na [[Ghana]] (GTV), inda ta yi fice kuma ta lashe zukatan 'yan Ghana da yawa a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar TV. A shekarar 2001 tana da shekaru 21, ta shiga Top Radio a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo da ke gabatar da Labarai da sauran shirye -shirye. A shekara ta 2003, ta koma TV Africa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban mai shirya fim ɗin Ghana Kwaw Ansah. Ita ce Anchor na TV Africa na farko, Mai watsa shiri na shirin Afirka na ''Obaa Mbo'' da kuma mai watsa shiri na ''Day Break'', shirin safe na tashar. A cikin 2010, ta shiga E.tv Ghana a matsayin mai masaukin baki a shirin 'Celebrity Soccer' wanda aka kirkira don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta ci gaba da ba da amsa ga shirin lashe lambar yabo ta E.tv Ghana ''The Late Nite Celebrity Show''. Ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da manyan mashahuran mutane a Ghana da bayanta kuma ƙwazonta almara ne. Ta dauki sunan showbiz DzifAffainie yayin da ita ce mai masaukin shirin Nate Celebrity Show.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A cikin Janairu 2014, ta bar E.tv Ghana kuma ta haɗu tare da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jot Agyeman wanda ya ci lambar yabo don samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'', ƙwarewar TV ta ɓangarori 26 da aka kirkira don haskaka masu motsi da girgiza a Ghana da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=The Queen of Talk–Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|archive-date=6 May 2016|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Citifm online}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> An cire haɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'' haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin IF Media Consult da Cibiyar Ayyukan Media.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Dzifa ta auri Lt. Col (Rtd) Edward Affainie a halin yanzu tare da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da 'ya'ya mata 4. ta haifi ɗiyarta ta huɗu a watan Satumba na 2013 a Englewood Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey, Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title="Late Nite Celebrity Show" Hostess, Dzifa Delivers Fourth Baby Girl {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201309/175474.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == ta ci la mbobin yabo da dama da suka hada da Mai Gabatar da Talabijin na shekarar 2007 a Gasar Al'adu ta Ghana, Mai Gabatar da Gidan Talabijin Mai Kyau a Kyautar RTP a 2011.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] jurrmyvw5x9dpookxae8fsfm97sawns 549178 549177 2024-11-30T19:45:05Z Mahuta 11340 549178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dzifa Affainie 2.JPG|thumb|Dzifa Affainie]] [[Fayil:Dzifa.JPG|thumb|yar jarida Dzifa Affainie]] '''Dzifa Affainie''' (née '''Smith''', an haife ta 11 ga Maris Shekara ta 1980) mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen talabijin ce ta Ghana kuma anga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host {{!}} Entertainment News|url=http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206081011/http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|archive-date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Scaro|first=V. J.|title=No More The Late Nite Celebrity Show! Details Emerge On Dzifa Affainie's New Show, Unplugged With Dzifa - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/late-nite-celebrity-show-details-emerge-dzifa-affainies-new-show-unplugged-dzifa/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ''Late Nite Celebrity Show'' akan e.tv Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Queen Of Talk – Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/24968/the-queen-of-talk-dzifa-affainie-returns.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Affainie da sunan Deborah Dzifa Klu. Mahaifinta daga baya ya canza sunan dangi zuwa Smith. Affainie tana da karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren St. Mary da ke Korle Gonno, Accra, inda ta koyi manyan sana'o'in ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Affainie ta fara aikin [[talabijin]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Teen Beat a Gidan Talabijin na [[Ghana]] (GTV), inda ta yi fice kuma ta lashe zukatan 'yan Ghana da yawa a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar [[TV]]. A shekarar 2001 tana da shekaru 21, ta shiga Top Radio a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo da ke gabatar da Labarai da sauran shirye -shirye. A shekara ta 2003, ta koma TV Africa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban mai shirya fim ɗin Ghana Kwaw Ansah. Ita ce Anchor na TV Africa na farko, Mai watsa shiri na shirin Afirka na ''Obaa Mbo'' da kuma mai watsa shiri na ''Day Break'', shirin safe na tashar. A cikin 2010, ta shiga E.tv Ghana a matsayin mai masaukin baki a shirin 'Celebrity Soccer' wanda aka kirkira don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta ci gaba da ba da amsa ga shirin lashe lambar yabo ta E.tv Ghana ''The Late Nite Celebrity Show''. Ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da manyan mashahuran mutane a Ghana da bayanta kuma ƙwazonta almara ne. Ta dauki sunan showbiz DzifAffainie yayin da ita ce mai masaukin shirin Nate Celebrity Show.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A cikin Janairu 2014, ta bar E.tv Ghana kuma ta haɗu tare da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jot Agyeman wanda ya ci lambar yabo don samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'', ƙwarewar TV ta ɓangarori 26 da aka kirkira don haskaka masu motsi da girgiza a Ghana da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=The Queen of Talk–Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|archive-date=6 May 2016|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Citifm online}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> An cire haɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'' haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin IF Media Consult da Cibiyar Ayyukan Media.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Dzifa ta auri Lt. Col (Rtd) Edward Affainie a halin yanzu tare da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da 'ya'ya mata 4. ta haifi ɗiyarta ta huɗu a watan Satumba na 2013 a Englewood Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey, Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title="Late Nite Celebrity Show" Hostess, Dzifa Delivers Fourth Baby Girl {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201309/175474.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == ta ci la mbobin yabo da dama da suka hada da Mai Gabatar da Talabijin na shekarar 2007 a Gasar Al'adu ta Ghana, Mai Gabatar da Gidan Talabijin Mai Kyau a Kyautar RTP a 2011.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] gezqkr51dahcqe40f324ybltqdgj7cc 549179 549178 2024-11-30T19:45:35Z Mahuta 11340 549179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dzifa Affainie 2.JPG|thumb|Dzifa Affainie]] [[Fayil:Dzifa.JPG|thumb|yar jarida Dzifa Affainie]] '''Dzifa Affainie''' (née '''Smith''', an haife ta 11 ga Maris Shekara ta 1980) mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen talabijin ce ta Ghana kuma anga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host {{!}} Entertainment News|url=http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206081011/http://graphic.com.gh/archive/Entertainment-News/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|archive-date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Scaro|first=V. J.|title=No More The Late Nite Celebrity Show! Details Emerge On Dzifa Affainie's New Show, Unplugged With Dzifa - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/late-nite-celebrity-show-details-emerge-dzifa-affainies-new-show-unplugged-dzifa/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ''Late Nite Celebrity Show'' akan e.tv Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Queen Of Talk – Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/24968/the-queen-of-talk-dzifa-affainie-returns.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Affainie da sunan Deborah Dzifa Klu. Mahaifinta daga baya ya canza sunan dangi zuwa Smith. Affainie tana da karatunta na farko da na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandaren St. Mary da ke Korle Gonno, Accra, inda ta koyi manyan sana'o'in ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Affainie ta fara aikin [[talabijin]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a Teen Beat a Gidan Talabijin na [[Ghana]] (GTV), inda ta yi fice kuma ta lashe zukatan 'yan Ghana da yawa a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar TV. A shekarar 2001 tana da shekaru 21, ta shiga Top Radio a matsayin mai gabatar da rediyo da ke gabatar da Labarai da sauran shirye -shirye. A shekara ta 2003, ta koma TV Africa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban mai shirya fim ɗin Ghana Kwaw Ansah. Ita ce Anchor na TV Africa na farko, Mai watsa shiri na shirin Afirka na ''Obaa Mbo'' da kuma mai watsa shiri na ''Day Break'', shirin safe na tashar. A cikin 2010, ta shiga E.tv Ghana a matsayin mai masaukin baki a shirin 'Celebrity Soccer' wanda aka kirkira don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta ci gaba da ba da amsa ga shirin lashe lambar yabo ta E.tv Ghana ''The Late Nite Celebrity Show''. Ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da manyan mashahuran mutane a [[Ghana]] da bayanta kuma ƙwazonta almara ne. Ta dauki sunan showbiz DzifAffainie yayin da ita ce mai masaukin shirin Nate Celebrity Show.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/dzifaffanie-the-celebrity-host.html|title=Dzifaffanie, the celebrity host|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A cikin Janairu 2014, ta bar E.tv Ghana kuma ta haɗu tare da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jot Agyeman wanda ya ci lambar yabo don samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'', ƙwarewar TV ta ɓangarori 26 da aka kirkira don haskaka masu motsi da girgiza a Ghana da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=The Queen of Talk–Dzifa Affainie Returns|url=http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://citifmonline.net/news/the-queen-of-talkdzifa-affainie-returns|archive-date=6 May 2016|access-date=3 March 2021|website=Citifm online}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> An cire haɗin ''Unplugged with Dzifa'' haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin IF Media Consult da Cibiyar Ayyukan Media.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Dzifa ta auri Lt. Col (Rtd) Edward Affainie a halin yanzu tare da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan ta Kudu.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da 'ya'ya mata 4. ta haifi ɗiyarta ta huɗu a watan Satumba na 2013 a Englewood Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey, Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title="Late Nite Celebrity Show" Hostess, Dzifa Delivers Fourth Baby Girl {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201309/175474.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == ta ci la mbobin yabo da dama da suka hada da Mai Gabatar da Talabijin na shekarar 2007 a Gasar Al'adu ta Ghana, Mai Gabatar da Gidan Talabijin Mai Kyau a Kyautar RTP a 2011.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] m9q0ugohyy3lzjwhvzqipu9f9n21tcu 0 23664 549107 277009 2024-11-30T16:51:29Z Maryamarh 29382 549107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sally Esinam Torpey,''' 'yar ƙasar Ghana ce mai zanen kaya kuma' yar kasuwa. Har ila yau ita ce ma'aji ga Babbar Accra na Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Ghana (AGI) da Jakada daga Afirka don Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Amurka. Tana da ayyukan kasuwanci a duk duniya waɗanda suka haɗa da Amurka, Ingila da Japan. Ita memba ce ta KYEN (Kufuor Young Entrepreneurs).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sally Torpey|url=https://agiaccra.org/sally-torpey/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=AGI Accra|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai gidan Sallet Fashion House Ghana; Gidauniyar Sallet; da samfuran Oheema, Masu Tafiya Masu Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Gida (TCMC), da JAK Gentle Giant Collection.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=2018-06-30|title=Meet Sally Esinam Torpey, CEO & Creative Director at Sallet Fashion House of Ghana|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/sally-esinam-torpey-sallet-fashion-house/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=TheAfricanDream|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Amenyanyo|first=Gerrard-Israel|date=2019-10-10|title=Ghanaian Fashion Designer, Sally Torpey Changing The African Narrative Through Fashion.|url=https://www.gbafrica.net/ghanaian-fashion-designer-sally-torpey-changing-the-african-narrative-through-fashion/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=GBAfrica|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai magana da yawun duniya tare da sha'awa a cikin salo, kasuwanci, karfafawa mata, da ci gaban mutum.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-09|title=Ghanaian fashion designer Sally Torpey changing the African narrative through fashion|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-fashion-designer-Sally-Torpey-changing-the-African-narrative-through-fashion-787672|access-date=2021-02-15|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> An nuna ta a cikin wallafe -wallafe da mujallu kamar Afrikan Post, jaridar Washington DC, gidan yanar gizo na Ghana, mujallu na Caribbean, The CCWC da Magazine Creative of Miami. Ta kasance mai nazarin yanayin Growth Cap UK da sauran su.<ref name=":2" /> == Sallet Fashion House == An fara Sallet Fashion House a cikin 2010 tare da Gidauniyar Sallet. Wannan don sauƙaƙe haɓaka iya aiki don ɗorewa da yanayin masana'antar kera fasaha don kera riguna. Ma'aikatar ciniki tana taimaka wa gidan fashion da gidauniyar kafa cibiyoyin koyar da sutura da cibiyoyin samarwa don rage rashin aikin yi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=2018-06-30|title=Meet Sally Esinam Torpey, CEO & Creative Director at Sallet Fashion House of Ghana|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/sally-esinam-torpey-sallet-fashion-house/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=TheAfricanDream|language=en-US}}</ref> Haɓakawa ga wasu samfura da masu zanen kaya shine yuwuwar gidan Sallet Fashion House ya mallaka. Tufafin Kayan Matafiya (TCMC) yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ta ƙirƙira. TCMC tana samar da tufafin da aka ƙera na al'ada kuma yana ba da su ga matafiya waɗanda ke kashe aƙalla kwana uku kuma suna kan tafiya. Ta baje kolin dandamali da kuma yawa a Ghana da ma na duniya kamar wasan kwaikwayon sada zumunci na Afirka mai dorewa (Ghana) da makwannin salo na Miami da New York.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-09|title=Ghanaian fashion designer Sally Torpey changing the African narrative through fashion|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-fashion-designer-Sally-Torpey-changing-the-African-narrative-through-fashion-787672|access-date=2021-02-15|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Sympathy International == Sympathy International wanda da farko ake kira Millennium Ladies Club, an kafa shi ne a 2003 lokacin Sally ɗalibin Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'a a Cape Coast. Daya daga cikin manufarta ita ce raya ɗaliban makarantar sakandare zuwa mata masu ɗawainiya. Babban burinta shi ne rage matsalolin da ke damun mutane, musamman mata a yankunan karkara na yankin tsakiyar Ghana. Abin hangen nesa shi ne samar da yanayi na dindindin wanda zai samar da rayuwa mai mutunci ga mutane ta hanyar shawo kan cututtuka, rashi da talauci. Shirin 'yan mata na shekarun zuwa makaranta shine ilimin kiwon lafiyar haihuwa, da tsarawa nan gaba. Ana yin hakan tare da taimakon ma’aikatan lafiya, masu ba da shawara kan aiki da Hukumar Kanjamau ta Ghana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=2018-06-30|title=Meet Sally Esinam Torpey, CEO & Creative Director at Sallet Fashion House of Ghana|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/sally-esinam-torpey-sallet-fashion-house/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=TheAfricanDream|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-12-01|title=Sally Esinam Torpey|url=https://www.fundsforngos.org/all-listings/sally-esinam-torpey/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=fundsforNGOs - Grants and Resources for Sustainability|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3gi8u053yfe6tvjw659o6ietxtiag6s 0 24493 549300 508619 2024-12-01T07:07:57Z Saudarh2 14842 549300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:MatheusAias.jpg|thumb|Matheus Aiás]] '''Matheus Aiás Barrozo Rodrigues''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1996), da aka sani da '''Matheus Aiás,''' Dan kasar Brazil, sana'a [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] da suka taka a matsayin gaba na Real Oviedo a Segunda Division, a matsayin aro daga Major League Soccer tawagar Orlando City . == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === An haife shi a Palmares Paulista, São Paulo, Matheus ya taka leda a ƙungiyar matasa a Cruzeiro da Ponte Preta . A watan Janairun shekarar 2014 ya amince ya kulla yarjejeniya da kungiyar Udinese ta Serie A ta Italiya daga kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ta Ponte Preta. Daga baya an tura shi zuwa Granada CF, kulob a cikin rukunin mallakar mallakar kamar Udinese a Giampaolo Pozzo, ya shiga ƙungiyar ajiyar su a watan Nuwamba na 2014 amma ana iya yin rijista kawai a watan Janairu mai zuwa bayan ya cika shekaru 18. Matheus ya fara buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga ga watan Maris 2015, yana wasa mintuna 12 na ƙarshe a cikin 0 - 1 Segunda División B da rashin nasara a hannun Arroyo CP . Burinsa na farko ya zo ne a ranar 4 ga Oktoba shekarar 2015, yayin da ya ci ƙwallo ta farko a wasan da aka tashi 1-1 gida da Mérida AD . A ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 2017, Matheus ya koma ƙungiyar Lorca FC ta ƙungiyar a matakin aro na tsawon watanni biyu, a matsayin maye gurbin Chumbi, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta sami ci gaba zuwa Segunda División ta hanyar buga wasannin farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. A watan Yuli shekarar 2017, yanzu mallakar Watford, wani kulob na dangin mallakar Pozzo, Matheus ya koma rukuni na uku na Spain a matsayin aro tare da CF Fuenlabrada . A ranar 30 ga watan Janairu 2018, an ba Matheus aron Valencia Valencia Mestalla . === Mirandés === A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2015, Matheus ya amince da yarjejeniyar ba da lamuni na shekara guda tare da abokin aikin sa CD CD Mirandés, samun ci gaba a ƙarshen kakar 2018-19 . An sabunta rancensa na ƙarin kakar wasa yayin da ƙungiyar ta shiga LaLiga 2 . Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, inda ya fara canjaras 2-2 da Rayo Vallecano . A yayin tseren kungiyar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Copa del Rey na shekarar 2019–20, Matheus ya gama a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a gasar bayan Alexander Isak kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko a cikin shekaru goma da ya ci kwallo a kan abokan hamayyar La Liga hudu daban-daban don kungiya a cikin mafi kankanta. rarrabuwar kawuna bayan Celta Vigo, Sevilla, Villarreal da Real Sociedad . [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] da [[Luis Suárez|Luis Suárez ne kawai]] suka yi hakan a lokacin. === Birnin Orlando === A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2020, Matheus ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi tare da kungiyar Orlando City ta MLS . Bayan jinkiri na watanni biyu, Matheus a ƙarshe ya sami damar yin wasansa na farko a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin lokaci a cikin rashin nasara 2-1 da Inter Miami . Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko a kulob din a wasan da ya biyo baya, nasara ta 4-1 da Atlanta United . Kasancewa kawai ya yi wasa na mintuna 31 na Orlando City, Matheus ya koma Segunda División na Spain a matsayin aro tare da Real Oviedo a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 2021 gabanin kakar 2021-22 tare da zaɓi don siyan. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko na Oviedo a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2021, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin minti na 67 a cikin rashin nasara 2-1 da Almería . == Ƙididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|28 August 2021.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Matheus Aias Soccerway profile|url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/matheus-ais-barrozo-rodrigues/400182/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matheus Aias oGol profile |url=https://www.ogol.com.br/player.php?id=400833 |website=www.ogol.com.br |language=pt}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Granada B |2014–15 | rowspan="3" |Segunda División B |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |2015–16 |17 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |2 |- |2016–17 |33 |16 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |16 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !53 !18 !0 !0 !0 !0 !53 !18 |- |Lorca (loan) |2016–17 |Segunda División B |2 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 |4 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Watford |2017–18 | rowspan="3" |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2018–19 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2019–20 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |Fuenlabrada (loan) | rowspan="2" |2017–18 | rowspan="3" |Segunda División B |13 |3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |15 |3 |- |Valencia B (loan) |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Mirandés (loan) |2018–19 |34 |8 |1 |0 |5 |3 |40 |11 |- |2019–20 |LaLiga 2 |27 |6 |7 |6 | colspan="2" |— |34 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !61 !14 !8 !6 !5 !3 !74 !23 |- | rowspan="3" |Orlando City |2020 | rowspan="2" |MLS |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |4 |1 |- |2021 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !6 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !6 !1 |- |Real Oviedo (loan) |2021–22 |LaLiga 2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !140 !37 !10 !6 !7 !3 !157 !46 |}   == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin waje == * Matheus * {{Soccerway|matheus-ais-barrozo-rodrigues/400182|Matheus}} * [https://www.orlandocitysc.com/players/246/matheus-aias Bayanin Matheus] Orlando City [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 10n5mw6ku6nak7u3i71zvmurvztynz4 0 25433 549118 533921 2024-11-30T17:24:46Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:NumberSetinC.svg|thumb| Rukunin lambobi masu rikitarwa]] '''Lamba''' abu ne na lissafi da ake amfani da shi don ƙidaya, auna, da kuma lakabi. Misalai na asali sune lambobi na halitta [[1 (alƙalami)|1]], [[2 (alƙalami)|2]], [[3 (alƙalami)|3]], [[4 (alƙalami)|4]], da sauransu. Ana iya wakilta lambobi cikin harshe tare da kalmomin lamba . Ƙari a duniya, ana iya wakilta lambobi ɗaya ta hanyar alamomi, da ake kira ''lambobi'' ; misali, "5" lamba ce da ke wakiltar [[5 (alƙalami)|lamba biyar]]. Kamar yadda kawai ƙananan adadin alamomin za a iya haddace su, ƙananan lambobi yawanci ana tsara su a cikin tsarin lambobi, wanda hanya ce mai tsari don wakiltar kowace lamba. Mafi yawan tsarin lambobi shine tsarin lambobi na Hindu-Larabci, wanda ke ba da izinin wakilcin kowane lamba ta amfani da haɗuwa da alamomin ƙididdiga guda goma, da ake kira lambobi. {{Efn|In [[linguistics]], a [[numeral (linguistics)|numeral]] can refer to a symbol like 5, but also to a word or a phrase that names a number, like "five hundred"; numerals include also other words representing numbers, like "dozen".}} Baya ga amfani da su wajen kirgawa da aunawa, ana amfani da lambobi sau da yawa don lakabi (kamar yadda suke da lambobin tarho ), don yin oda (kamar yadda tare da lambobin serial ), da kuma lambobin (kamar yadda suke da ISBNs). A cikin amfanin gama-gari, ''lamba'' ba ta bambanta a fili da ''lambar'' da take wakilta ba. A cikin [[Lissafi|ilimin lissafi]], an tsawaita ra'ayin lamba a cikin ƙarni don haɗawa da [[0 (alƙalami)|sifili]] (0), lambobi mara kyau, lambobi masu ma'ana kamar rabi ɗaya. <math>\left(\tfrac{1}{2}\right)</math>, lambobi na ainihi kamar tushen murabba'in 2 <math>\left(\sqrt{2}\right)</math> da [[Pi|π]], da lambobi masu rikitarwa<ref>{{Cite book|last3=René Descartes}}</ref> waɗanda ke tsawaita ainihin lambobi tare da tushen murabba'i na−1 (da haɗe-haɗe tare da lambobi na ainihi ta ƙara ko rage yawan adadinsa).<ref name=":0" /> Ana yin ƙididdigewa tare da lambobi tare da ayyukan lissafi, wanda aka fi sani da ƙari shine ƙari, raguwa, ninkawa, rarrabawa, da ƙari. Nazarin su ko amfani da su ana kiran su lissafi, kalma wanda kuma yana iya komawa zuwa ka'idar lamba, nazarin kaddarorin lambobi. Bayan amfaninsu na amfani, lambobi suna da mahimmancin al'adu a duk faɗin duniya. Misali, a cikin al'ummar Yamma, ana ɗaukar [[13 (alƙalami)|lamba 13]] a matsayin rashin sa'a, kuma "miliyan" na iya nuna "mai yawa" maimakon ainihin adadi.<ref name="Gilsdorf" /> Ko da yake yanzu ana ɗaukarsa azaman pseudoscience, imani da mahimmancin sufi na lambobi, wanda aka sani da numerology, ya mamaye tunanin da da na da. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban ilimin lissafi na Girkanci, yana ƙarfafa binciken matsalolin da yawa a ka'idar lamba waɗanda har yanzu suna da sha'awa a yau.<ref name="Ore" /> [[File:Example-singapore-phone-number-format.jpg|thumb|lamba]] A cikin karni na 19, masu ilmin lissafi sun fara haɓaka ƙididdiga daban-daban waɗanda ke raba wasu kaddarorin lambobi, kuma ana iya ganin su suna faɗaɗa ra'ayi. Daga cikin na farko akwai lambobin hypercomplex, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban ko gyare-gyare na tsarin lambobi masu rikitarwa. A cikin ilimin lissafi na zamani, ana ɗaukar tsarin lambobi masu mahimmanci misalai na musamman na ƙarin tsarin algebra gaba ɗaya kamar zobba da filayen, kuma aikace-aikacen kalmar "lambar" lamari ne na al'ada, ba tare da mahimmancin mahimmanci ba. == Tarihi == === Lambobi === Ya kamata a bambanta lambobi daga '''lambobi''', alamomin da ake amfani da su don wakiltar lambobi. Masarawa sun ƙirƙiro tsarin ƙididdiga na farko, kuma Girkawa sun bi taswirar ƙidayar su akan haruffan Ionian da Doric. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=485–96}}</ref> Lambobin Roman, tsarin da ya yi amfani da haɗin haruffa daga haruffan Roman, ya kasance mafi rinjaye a Turai har zuwa yaduwar tsarin lambobi mafi girma na Hindu-Larabci a kusa da ƙarshen karni na 14, kuma tsarin lambobi na Hindu-Larabci ya kasance mafi yawan tsarin wakilci don wakiltar. lambobi a duniya a yau.   Makullin tasirin tsarin shine alamar [[0 (alƙalami)|sifili]], wanda tsoffin masana lissafin Indiya suka haɓaka a kusa da 500 AD. <ref name="Cengage Learning2" /> === Amfani da lambobi na farko === An gano kasusuwa da sauran kayan tarihi tare da yanke alamomin da mutane da yawa suka yi imani da alama tally ne. Wataƙila an yi amfani da waɗannan alamomin don kirga lokacin da suka wuce, kamar adadin kwanaki, zagayowar wata ko adana bayanai na adadi, kamar na dabbobi. Tsarin ƙididdigewa ba shi da ra'ayi na ƙimar wuri (kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na zamani), wanda ke iyakance wakilcin adadi masu yawa. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar tsarin ƙididdigewa a matsayin nau'in tsarin ƙididdiga na farko. Tsarin da aka sani na farko tare da ƙimar wuri shine tushen Mesopotamiya<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwhQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>tsarin 60 ( {{Circa|3400}}&nbsp;BC) da kuma sansani na farko&nbsp;10 tsarin kwanakin zuwa 3100&nbsp;BC a [[Misra|Misira]]. === Sifili ===   Sanin farko da aka rubuta amfani da kwanakin [[0 (alƙalami)|sifili]] zuwa AD 628, kuma ya bayyana a cikin ''Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'', babban aikin masanin lissafin Indiya Brahmagupta. Ya yi magani&nbsp;0 a matsayin lamba kuma sun tattauna ayyukan da suka haɗa da shi, gami da rarraba. A wannan lokacin (7th&nbsp;karni) manufar ta kai ga Cambodia a matsayin lambobin Khmer, kuma bayanai sun nuna ra'ayin daga baya ya yadu zuwa kasar Sin da [[Duniyar Musulunci|kasashen musulmi]]. [[File:Khmer_Numerals_-_605_from_the_Sambor_inscriptions.jpg|thumb| Lambar 605 a cikin lambobin Khmer, daga rubutu daga 683 AD. Fara amfani da sifili azaman adadi na goma.]] ''Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'' na Brahmagupta shine littafi na farko da ya ambaci sifili a matsayin lamba, don haka Brahmagupta yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farkon wanda ya tsara manufar sifili. Ya ba da ka'idojin amfani da sifili tare da lambobi marasa kyau da masu kyau, kamar "sifili da lambar tabbatacce ita ce lamba mai kyau, kuma lambar mara kyau da sifili ita ce mummunan lamba." ''Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'' shine rubutun farko da aka sani don ɗaukar sifili azaman lamba a kansa, maimakon a matsayin kawai lamba mai riƙewa a wakiltar wata lamba kamar yadda Babila suka yi ko kuma a matsayin alama don ƙarancin yawa kamar yadda Ptolemy ya yi kuma Romawa. Amfani da 0 a matsayin lamba ya kamata a bambanta daga amfani da shi azaman adadin ma'auni a tsarin ƙimar wuri . An yi amfani da litattafai na dā da yawa&nbsp;0. Nassosin Babila da na Masar sun yi amfani da shi. Masarawa sun yi amfani da kalmar ''nfr'' don nuna sifili&nbsp;ma'auni a cikin lissafin shiga biyu. Rubutun Indiya sun yi amfani da kalmar Sanskrit {{Lang|sa-Latn|Shunye}} ko {{Lang|sa|shunya}} don komawa ga manufar ''banza'' . A cikin rubutun lissafi wannan kalma sau da yawa tana nufin lamba sifili. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, Pāṇini (ƙarni na 5 BC) ya yi amfani da ma'aikacin null (sifili) a cikin ''Ashtadhyayi'', misali na farko na nahawu na algebra don harshen Sanskrit (kuma duba Pingala ). Akwai sauran amfani da sifili kafin Brahmagupta, kodayake takaddun ba su cika kamar yadda yake a cikin ''Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'' . Bayanai sun nuna cewa Girkawan zamanin da ba su da tabbas game da matsayin&nbsp;0 a matsayin lamba: sun tambayi kansu "ta yaya 'babu' zai zama wani abu?" haifar da ban sha'awa [[falsafa]] da kuma, ta hanyar Medieval zamani, addini muhawara game da yanayi da wanzuwar&nbsp;0 da vacuum. Paradoxes na Zeno na Elea sun dogara da wani sashi akan fassarar rashin tabbas na&nbsp;0. (Tsohon Helenawa ma sun yi tambaya ko&nbsp;1 ya kasance lamba.) Marigayi Olmec na kudancin tsakiyar Mexico sun fara amfani da alamar sifili, harsashi glyph, a cikin Sabuwar Duniya, mai yiwuwa a 4th century BC amma tabbas ta hanyar 40.&nbsp;BC, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na lambobi na Maya da kalandar Maya. Mayan lissafin da aka yi amfani da tushe&nbsp;4 da gindi&nbsp;5 an rubuta azaman tushe&nbsp;20. George I. Sánchez a cikin 1961 ya ba da rahoton tushe&nbsp;4 ,baza&nbsp;5 "yatsa" abacus. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=George I. Sánchez}}</ref>  A shekara ta 130 AD, Ptolemy, wanda Hipparchus da Babila suka rinjaye shi, yana amfani da alamar&nbsp;0 (ƙaramin da'ira mai tsayi mai tsayi) a cikin tsarin lambobi na jima'i in ba haka ba ta amfani da lambobin haruffa na Helenanci. Domin an yi amfani da shi shi kaɗai, ba a matsayin mai riƙe da wuri kawai ba, wannan sifili na Hellenistic shine farkon ''rubuce-rubucen'' amfani da sifilin gaskiya a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya. A cikin rubuce-rubucen [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantine]] daga baya na ''Syntaxis Mathematica'' ( ''Almagest'' ), sifilin Hellenistic ya rikiɗe zuwa harafin Helenanci Omicron (in ba haka ba ma'ana).&nbsp;70). [[File:ISBN Besonderhede.svg|thumb|lambabo kenan ]] An yi amfani da wani sifili na gaskiya a cikin tebur tare da lambobin Roman ta 525 (wanda Dionysius Exigus yayi amfani da shi na farko), amma a matsayin kalma, {{Lang|la|nulla}} . ma'ana ''ba komai'', ba a matsayin alama ba. Lokacin da aka samar&nbsp;0 a matsayin saura, {{Lang|la|nihil}} , kuma ba ma'anar ''komai ba'', an yi amfani da shi. Wadannan sifilai na tsakiya duk masu kwamfutoci na gaba (masu ƙididdigewa na Easter ) sun yi amfani da su. An yi amfani da keɓantaccen amfani da farkon su, N, a cikin tebur na lambobi na Romawa ta Bede ko abokin aiki kusan 725, alamar sifili na gaskiya. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Alƙaluma]] [[Category:Lambobi]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] db92ccl5hweqmvdu00l32xrnwh1xt3p 0 26096 549397 534778 2024-12-01T10:36:47Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 549397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sample Syllabus for Wikipedia assignment.pdf|thumb|Manhaja]] [[Fayil:Sample Syllabus for Wikipedia assignment.pdf|thumb|Manhaja]] A '''manhaja''' ( /s ɪ l ə b ə s / ; jam'i ''syllabuses'' ko ''syllabi'' <ref>Merriam-Webster Dictionary <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/syllabus></ref> ) ko '''jaddadawa''' shi ne wani daftarin aiki da Magana ko bayani game da wani taƙamaiman ilimi hanya ko aji da ma'anar tsammanin da kuma nauyi. Gabaɗaya taƙaitaccen bayani ne ko taƙaitaccen tsarin karatu ne. Kwamitin jarrabawa na iya tsara manhajar ko mai koyarwa ko malamin da ke koyarwa ko sarrafa kwas ɗin. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar gabaɗaya don fa'ida ko shirin ilimi, kuma an fi sanin ta a wannan ma'anar tana nufin kundin bayanai guda biyu na matsayin koyarwar da Cocin Katolika ya la'anci a shekara ta 1864 da shekara ta 1907. <ref>''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', 1998, p. 1674.</ref> == Etymology == Dangane da Dictionary na Ingilishi na Oxford, kalmar ''manhajar ta'' samo asali daga {{Lang|la|syllabus}} Latin ta zamani 'list', bi da bi daga {{Lang|grc|σίττυβος}} {{Lang|grc-latn|sittybos}} (lakabin fata na fata wanda ya ba da take da abin da ke cikin takaddar), wanda ya fara faruwa a cikin bugun ƙarni na 15 na wasikun Cicero zuwa Atticus. Dictionaries na Latin da suka gabata kamar Lewis da Short sun ƙunshi {{Lang|la|syllabus}} , danganta shi da kalmar Helenanci babu {{Lang|grc|σύλλαβος}} , wanda ya zama kuskuren karanta {{Lang|grc-latn|syllaba}} 'harafi'; sabon Dictionary na Oxford Latin bai ƙunshi wannan kalma ba.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> Canje-canje a bayyane daga {{Lang|grc-latn|sitty-}} da {{Lang|grc-latn|sylla-}} an bayyana shi azaman hypercorrection ta kwatankwacin {{Lang|grc|συλλαμβάνω}} ( {{Lang|grc-latn|syllambano}} 'taru, tara'). <ref name="Epectasis" /> Kamus din Chambers ya yarda cewa ya samo asali daga Girkanci don lakabin littafi, amma ya yi iƙirarin cewa asalin Girkanci sunan mace ne, {{Lang|grc-latn|sittybā}} , {{Lang|grc|σίττυβα}} , wanda aka aro ta Latin, {{Lang|la|sittybas}} . <ref>''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', 1998, p. 1674.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Tsarin darasi * ''Manufofin Kurakurai'' * ''Lamentabili sane exitu'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Koyarwa]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ilimin Fasahan shuke-shuke]] [[Category:Ilimin Kimiyyar ruwa]] 7v438awwyadi9c9tzjayg0ylvnafq5r 0 26286 549105 444993 2024-11-30T16:49:09Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:Goudoumaria RN1 01.jpg|thumb|Goudoumaria]] '''Goudoumaria''', [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]] (var. ''Goudomaria'', ''Gudumaria'' ) birni ne a kudu maso gabashin ƙasar, a [[Yankin Diffa]], arewa maso yamma na [[Diffa (gari)|Diffa]] . Goudoumaria matsayi ne na gudanarwa a cikin [[Maine-Soroa (sashe)|Sashin me na Maine-Soroa]], kuma kusan. &nbsp;kilomita 50 ne daga arewa da [[Ɗan Nijeriya|iyakar Najeriya]] da kusan 50&nbsp;km gabas da ƙaramin birni Soubdou . == Yanayi == Goudoumaria, a tarihi yanki ne na kiwo da noman rani, yana cikin yankin Sahel, yana iyaka da [[Sahara]] . Hamada ya haifar da haɓakar noman dabino a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Nijar]] rl36tb67rnltepcqgnvyipf72k64o1d 0 26985 549189 369861 2024-11-30T21:13:49Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 549189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Death for Sale, a''''' (Hausa: Mutuwar Sayarwa''), fim ne na 2011 wanda Faouzi Bensaïdi ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/cinefoundation/ficheFilmAtelier/id/10888064/year/2009.html|title=Death for Sale|publisher=festival-cannes.fr|accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|2043822}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|2043822}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin a matsayin wanda za'a ba kyauta ta Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje gasar Oscar ta 85th Academy Awards, amma bai zo a jerin sunayen ƙarshe ba. '' == Labari == Labarin matasa ,da ke tafiya a ƙarƙashin sararin samaniyar Tetouan, wani birni a arewacin Maroko. Malik, Allal da Soufiane, ƙananan ƴan laifuka ne, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin gujewa rayuwa ta talauci da abin duniya. Babu ɗayansu da ya sami mafita: Malik yana ƙaunar karuwa mai suna Dounia kuma don taimaka mata ta yarda da aiki tare da insifeton ɗan sanda, Allal ya tura kwayoyi kuma ya sa 'yan sanda su yi zafi sosai, Soufiane ya huce haushinsa ta hanyar rungumar dalilin. na tsatstsauran ra'ayi. Abokan ukun sun yanke shawarar ƙoƙarin yin aiki a cikin kayan ado don dama ta ƙarshe. <ref>[http://www.festivalcinemaafricano.org/eng/index.php?pag=vis_film&id_film=839 African, Asian and Latin American Film Festival - Milan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711015248/http://www.festivalcinemaafricano.org/eng/index.php?pag=vis_film&id_film=839 |date=2012-07-11 }} - 22nd edition ([http://www.festivalcinemaafricano.org license CC BY-SA])</ref> ==`Yan wasa== == Kyauta == * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin 2012 * Bikin Fim na Brussels 2012 * Bikin Fim na Ƙasar Moroko 2012 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|2043822|Death for Sale}} [[Category:Fina-finai]] 9z7azkcjuufsiqbqrpe6v95bg8lxhd2 0 28469 549180 510072 2024-11-30T19:48:34Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Woman early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and white baby.jpg|thumb|Ciki]] [[Fayil:PregnantWoman.jpg|thumb|Ciki]] '''Ciki''' wanda kuma aka sani da '''gestation''', shi ne [[Lokacin Hijira|lokacin]] da [[1 (alƙalami)|daya]] ko fiye da [[Zuciya|zuriya]] ke tasowa a cikin mace.<ref name="NIH2013Def">{{cite web|title=Pregnancy: Condition Information|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]]|access-date=14 March 2015|date=December 19, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319163902/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=19 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Yawan Yawancin ciki ya kunshi zuriya fiye da ɗaya, kamar tare da tagwaye.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Wylie|first1=Linda|title=Essential anatomy and physiology in maternity care|date=2005|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-443-10041-3|page=172|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgpOvSDxGGYC&pg=PA172|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181340/https://books.google.com/books?id=QgpOvSDxGGYC&pg=PA172|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Yawanci yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i, amma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar fasahar haihuwa.<ref name="She2016">{{cite book|last1=Shehan|first1=Constance L. |title=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 4 Volume Set|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-65845-1|page=406|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gSeCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181340/https://books.google.com/books?id=-gSeCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA406|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ciki zai iya kare a cikin raye-raye, zubar da ciki, ko haihuwa. Haihuwa yawanci tana faruwa kusan makonni 40 daga farkon hailar karshe (LMP).<ref name="NIH2013Def" /><ref name="Ab2011">{{cite book|last1=Abman|first1=Steven H. |title=Fetal and neonatal physiology|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4160-3479-7|pages=46–47|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyVDJoOIvbYC&pg=PA46}}</ref> Wannan ya wuce watanni tara - (shekarun haihuwa) inda kowane wata ke cika kwanaki 31.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /><ref name="Ab2011" /> Lokacin amfani da shekarun haihuwa yana kusan makonni 38.<ref name="Ab2011" /> Amfrayo ita ce zuriya masu tasowa a cikin makonni takwas na farko bayan haihuwa, (shekarun haihuwa na makonni goma) bayan haka, ana amfani da kalmar tayin har zuwa haihuwa.<ref name="Ab2011" /> Alamomin ciki na farko na iya hadawa da rashin haila, kirji mai laushi, tashin zuciya da amai, yunwa, da yawan fitsari.<ref name=":0" /> Ana iya tabbatar da ciki tare da gwajin ciki.<ref name="NIH2012Diag">{{cite web|title=How do I know if I'm pregnant?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/know.aspx|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]]|access-date=14 March 2015|date=November 30, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165852/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/know.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> An raba ciki zuwa uku trimesters, kowanne yana daukar kusan watanni 3.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Na farko trimester ya hada da daukar ciki, wanda shi ne lokacin da maniyyi taki kwai.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Kwai da aka haifa sai ya gangara zuwa cikin bututun fallopian ya manne zuwa cikin mahaifar, inda ya fara samar da amfrayo da mahaifa.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> A cikin farkon watanni uku, yiwuwar zubar da ciki (mutuwar amfrayo ko tayin) yana kan mafi girma.<ref name="John2012">{{cite book|title=The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics|date=2012|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-4511-4801-5|page=438|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PA438|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181311/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PA438|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A kusa da tsakiyar trimester na biyu, ana iya jin motsin tayin.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> A makonni 28, fiye da kashi 90% na jarirai za su iya rayuwa a wajen mahaifa idan an ba su kulawar likita mai inganci.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Kulawa da haihuwa yana inganta sakamakon ciki.<ref name="NIH2013Prenatal">{{cite web|title=What is prenatal care and why is it important?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/prenatal-care.aspx|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]]|access-date=14 March 2015|date=July 12, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095646/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/prenatal-care.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kulawar haihuwa na iya haɗawa da shan garin folic acid, guje wa ƙwayoyi, shan taba, da barasa, yin motsa jiki akai-akai, gwajin jini, da gwaje-gwaje na jiki akai-akai.<ref name="NIH2013Prenatal" /> Matsalolin ciki na iya hadawa da cutar hawan jini, ciwon sukari na ciki, karancin karfi da kuma tashin zuciya tare da amai mai tsanani.<ref name="NIH2013Compli">{{cite web|title=What are some common complications of pregnancy?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/complications.aspx|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]]|access-date=14 March 2015|date=July 12, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226221631/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/complications.aspx|archive-date=26 February 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A cikin manufa haihuwa aiki fara da kanta a lokacin da mace "a ajali".<ref name="ACOGfive-2">{{Citation|author1=American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|author1-link=American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|date=February 2013|title=Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question|publisher=[[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]]|work=[[Choosing Wisely]]: an initiative of the [[ABIM Foundation]]|page=|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/|access-date=August 1, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901094916/http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/|archive-date=1 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Yaran da aka haifa kafin makonni 37 sun kasance "pre-term" kuma suna cikin hadari mafi girma na matsalolin kiwon lafiya irin su cerebral palsy.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Yaran da aka haifa tsakanin makonni 37 da 39 ana daukarsu “farkon lokaci” yayin da wadanda aka haifa tsakanin makonni 39 da 41 ana daukarsu “cikakken lokaci”.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Yaran da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 41 zuwa 42 ana daukar su a matsayin "karshen lokaci" yayin da bayan mako 42 ana daukar su "post term".<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Bayarwa kafin makonni 39 ta hanyar shigar da haihuwa ko sashin caesarean ba a ba da shawarar ba sai dai idan an bukata don wasu dalilai na likita.<ref name="NIH2013Compli" /> Kimanin masu juna biyu miliyan 213 ne suka faru a shekarar 2012, daga cikinsu, miliyan 190 (89%) suna cikin kasashe masu tasowa kuma miliyan 23 (11%) suna cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.<ref name="Sed2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sedgh G, Singh S, Hussain R | title = Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends | journal = Studies in Family Planning | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 301–314 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25207494 | pmc = 4727534 | doi = 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00393.x }}</ref> Adadin ciki a cikin mata masu shekaru tsakanin 15 zuwa 44 shine 133 cikin 1,000 na mata.<ref name="Sed2014" /> Kusan kashi 10 zuwa 15% na masu juna biyu da aka sani suna ƙarewa a cikin zubar da ciki.<ref name="John2012" />A cikin shekara ta 2016, rikice-rikice na ciki ya haifar da mutuwar mata 230,600, ya ragu daga mutuwar 377,000 a shekarar 1990.<ref name="GBD2016">{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 | journal = Lancet | volume = 390 | issue = 10100 | pages = 1151–1210 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28919116 | pmc = 5605883 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9 | author1 = GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators }}</ref> Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sun hada da zubar jini, cututtuka, cututtuka masu hawan jini na ciki, toshewar aiki, da matsalolin da ke hade da zubar da ciki, zubar da ciki, ko ciki na ectopic.<ref name="GBD2016" /> A duniya, kashi 44% na masu juna biyu ba su da shiri.<ref name="NIH2013Def" /> Fiye da rabin (56%) na ciki marasa shiri ana zubar da ciki.<ref name="Bea2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G | title = Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model | journal = The Lancet. Global Health | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = e380–e389 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29519649 | pmc = 6055480 | doi = 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30029-9 }}</ref> Daga cikin masu juna biyu da ba a yi niyya ba a Amurka, kashi 60% na mata sun yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa zuwa wani lokaci a cikin watan da ya faru.<ref name="Ab2011" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mefszrh583zivt7b1q5i6p9txsv1v2a 0 32543 549018 544363 2024-11-30T15:41:02Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Benin ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, ƙungiyar''' kwallon kwando ce ta ƙasar [[Benin]], wacce hukumar kwallon kwando ta Béninoise de ta ke gudanarwa . <ref>[http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/247/nfProf.html Profile - Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722193713/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/247/nfProf.html |date=2017-07-22 }}, FIBA.com, Retrieved 2 May 2016.</ref> Tana wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa da shekaru 18 (ƙasa da shekara 18). == Duba kuma == * Ƙungiyar kwando ta maza ta Benin ta kasa da kasa da shekaru 18 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//tid/247/_//teams.html An adana bayanan]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} shiga tawagar Benin [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cpteib2puiumwc2lobl90072xbdot5a 549019 549018 2024-11-30T15:41:12Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Benin ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, ƙungiyar''' kwallon kwando ce ta ƙasar [[Benin]], wacce hukumar kwallon kwando ta Béninoise de ta ke gudanarwa . <ref>[http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/247/nfProf.html Profile - Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722193713/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/247/nfProf.html |date=2017-07-22 }}, FIBA.com, Retrieved 2 May 2016.</ref> Tana wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa da shekaru 18 (ƙasa da shekara 18). == Duba kuma == * Ƙungiyar kwando ta maza ta Benin ta ƙasa da ƙasa da shekaru 18 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//tid/247/_//teams.html An adana bayanan]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} shiga tawagar Benin [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ghj2zkf932rn25mjum6ijocvy63ah46 0 33550 549021 369528 2024-11-30T15:41:40Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Rwanda,''' ita ce tawagar da ke wakiltar [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] a wasan kurket na mata na duniya. A cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 2018, Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya (ICC) ta ba da cikakken matsayin mata Twenty20 International (WT20I) ga duk membobinta. Saboda haka, duk wasanni Ashirin20 da aka buga tsakanin matan Rwanda da sauran membobin ICC tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Yuli na shekarar 2018 sun cika WT20Is. A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2019, Rwanda ta buga WT20I ta farko da Najeriya wanda shine farkon WT20I ga Najeriya kuma. Wasan wasa 5 ne na WT20I tsakanin wadannan ƙasashen biyu wanda Najeriya ta samu nasara da ci 3-2. A cikin Disamba 2020, ICC ta sanar da hanyar cancantar Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2023 ICC T20 . Rwanda ta kasance cikin rukunin yanki na gasar cin kofin duniya na mata ta ICC na 2021 T20, tare da wasu kungiyoyi goma. == Tarihi == Sun halarci wasannin yankin Afirka daban-daban Daga cikin lambobin yabo na 6, sun kasance lambar yabo na shirin shiga cricket na mata na shekara 100 da kuma haɗin gwiwar mata na shekara wanda ya nuna ci gaban wasan kurket na mata a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . a cikin 2018 ƙungiyar mata ta fara shirin tare da haɗin gwiwar Cricket yana ƙarfafa bege wanda aka sake tsara shi a duniya. Shiri ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke taimaka wa matasa mata da ke zaune a kusa da filin wasa na Gahanga Cricket don samun kwarewa a cikin jagoranci da gudanar da kasuwanci. == Rikodi da kididdiga == '''Takaitaccen Match na Ƙasashen Duniya&nbsp;- Matan Rwanda''' ''An sabunta ta ƙarshe 18 Yuni 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Yin Rikodi''' |- ! Tsarin ! M ! W ! L ! T ! NR ! Wasan farko |- | align="left" | Twenty20 Internationals | 44 | 22 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 26 ga Janairu, 2019 |} === Twenty20 International === * Mafi girman ƙungiyar duka: 246/1 v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Mali|Mali]], 21 Yuni 2019, a Gahanga International Cricket Stadium . * Mafi girman maki: 114 *, Marie Bimenyimana v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Mali|Mali]], 21 Yuni 2019, a Gahanga International Cricket Stadium, [[Kigali]] da Gisele Ishimwe v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Eswatini|Eswatini]], 12 Satumba 2021, a Botswana Cricket Association Oval, [[Gaborone]] . * Mafi kyawun alkalumman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa: 4/0, Margueritte Vumiliya v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Eswatini|Eswatini]], 12 Satumba 2021, a Botswana Cricket Association Oval, [[Gaborone]] . {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} '''Most T20I runs for Rwanda Women'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=10;id=4463;type=team |title=Records / Rwanda Women / Twenty20 Internationals / Most runs |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#bdb76b ! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span |- |Gisele Ishimwe || 661 || 18.88 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Marie Bimenyimana]] || 515 || 16.09 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Henriette Ishimwe]] || 389 || 11.78 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Sarah Uwera]] || 367 || 11.46 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Cathia Uwamahoro]] || 362 || 15.08 || 2019–2022 |} {{Col-break}} '''Most T20I wickets for Rwanda Women'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=10;id=4463;type=team |title=Records / Rwanda Women / Twenty20 Internationals / Most wickets |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#bdb76b ! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span |- |Margueritte Vumiliya || 37 || 12.94 || 2019–2022 |- |Immaculee Muhawenimana || 33 || 13.21 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Henriette Ishimwe]] || 33 || 16.87 || 2019–2022 |- |Josiane Nyirankundineza || 22 || 21.59 || 2019–2022 |- |Sifa Ingabire || 21 || 12.71 || 2019–2022 |} {{Col-end}}''An kammala rikodin zuwa WT20I #1131.'' ''An sabunta ta ƙarshe 18 Yuni 2022.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" !Abokin hamayya ! M ! W ! L ! T ! NR ! Wasan farko ! Nasara ta farko |- | colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | '''Cikakkun membobin ICC''' |- | align="left" |</img> Zimbabwe | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 ga Mayu, 2019 | |- | colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | '''Membobin Mataimakin ICC''' |- | align="left" |</img> Botswana | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 ga Yuni, 2021 | 6 ga Yuni, 2021 |- | align="left" |</img> Brazil | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 Yuni 2022 | 10 Yuni 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Eswatini | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 ga Satumba, 2021 | 12 ga Satumba, 2021 |- | align="left" |</img> Gambia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Afrilu 1, 2022 | Afrilu 1, 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Jamus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 Yuni 2022 | 12 Yuni 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Ghana | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 Maris 2022 | 28 Maris 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Kenya | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 Yuni 2021 | |- | align="left" |</img> Mali | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 ga Yuni 2019 | 18 ga Yuni 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Mozambique | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 ga Mayu, 2019 | 8 ga Mayu, 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Namibiya | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 ga Yuni 2021 | |- | align="left" |</img> Najeriya | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 26 ga Janairu, 2019 | 28 ga Janairu, 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Saliyo | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Maris 30, 2022 | Maris 30, 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Tanzaniya | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 11 ga Mayu, 2019 | |- | align="left" |</img> Uganda | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 19 Yuni 2019 | |} == Tawagar ta yanzu == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Suna ! Shekaru ! Salon yin wasa ! Salon wasan kwallon raga |- ! colspan="4" | Captain da All-rounder |- | Marie Bimenyimana |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- ! colspan="4" | Batter |- | Gisele Ishimwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Cathia Uwamahoro |  | Hannun dama | - |- | Diane Dusabemungu |  | Hannun dama | A hankali orthodox na hagu-hannu |- | Delphine Mukarurangwa |  | - | - |- | Antoinette Uwimbabazi |  | hannun dama | - |- ! colspan="4" | All-rounders |- | Henriette Ishimwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Alice Ikuzwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Sifa Ingabire |  | Hannun dama | Kashe karyewar hannun dama |- ! colspan="4" | Masu tsaron gida |- | Sarah Uwera | 26 | Hannun dama | - |- | Flora Irakoze |  | Hannun dama | - |- ! colspan="5" | Spin Bowler |- | Margueritte Vumilia |  | Hannun dama | Karyewar ƙafar hannun dama |- ! colspan="5" | Pace Bowlers |- | Immaculee Muhawenimana |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Belyse Murekatete |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Josiane Nyirankundineza |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |} An sabunta ta Satumba 2021 == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kurket na kasa da kasa na mata ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da biyu na Rwanda * Kungiyar wasan cricket ta kasar Rwanda == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Mata]] 141u21o9uk7dzi9551zzh0t836cu3hc 549023 549021 2024-11-30T15:41:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Rwanda,''' ita ce tawagar da ke wakiltar [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] a wasan kurket na mata na duniya. A cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 2018, Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya (ICC) ta ba da cikakken matsayin mata Twenty20 International (WT20I) ga duk membobinta. Saboda haka, duk wasanni Ashirin20 da aka buga tsakanin matan Rwanda da sauran membobin ICC tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Yuli na shekarar 2018 sun cika WT20Is. A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2019, Rwanda ta buga WT20I ta farko da Najeriya wanda shine farkon WT20I ga Najeriya kuma. Wasan wasa 5 ne na WT20I tsakanin wadannan ƙasashen biyu wanda Najeriya ta samu nasara da ci 3-2. A cikin Disamba 2020, ICC ta sanar da hanyar cancantar Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2023 ICC T20 . Rwanda ta kasance cikin rukunin yanki na gasar cin kofin duniya na mata ta ICC na 2021 T20, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi goma. == Tarihi == Sun halarci wasannin yankin Afirka daban-daban Daga cikin lambobin yabo na 6, sun kasance lambar yabo na shirin shiga cricket na mata na shekara 100 da kuma haɗin gwiwar mata na shekara wanda ya nuna ci gaban wasan kurket na mata a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . a cikin 2018 ƙungiyar mata ta fara shirin tare da haɗin gwiwar Cricket yana ƙarfafa bege wanda aka sake tsara shi a duniya. Shiri ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke taimaka wa matasa mata da ke zaune a kusa da filin wasa na Gahanga Cricket don samun kwarewa a cikin jagoranci da gudanar da kasuwanci. == Rikodi da kididdiga == '''Takaitaccen Match na Ƙasashen Duniya&nbsp;- Matan Rwanda''' ''An sabunta ta ƙarshe 18 Yuni 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Yin Rikodi''' |- ! Tsarin ! M ! W ! L ! T ! NR ! Wasan farko |- | align="left" | Twenty20 Internationals | 44 | 22 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 26 ga Janairu, 2019 |} === Twenty20 International === * Mafi girman ƙungiyar duka: 246/1 v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Mali|Mali]], 21 Yuni 2019, a Gahanga International Cricket Stadium . * Mafi girman maki: 114 *, Marie Bimenyimana v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Mali|Mali]], 21 Yuni 2019, a Gahanga International Cricket Stadium, [[Kigali]] da Gisele Ishimwe v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Eswatini|Eswatini]], 12 Satumba 2021, a Botswana Cricket Association Oval, [[Gaborone]] . * Mafi kyawun alkalumman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa: 4/0, Margueritte Vumiliya v [[Kungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Eswatini|Eswatini]], 12 Satumba 2021, a Botswana Cricket Association Oval, [[Gaborone]] . {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} '''Most T20I runs for Rwanda Women'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=10;id=4463;type=team |title=Records / Rwanda Women / Twenty20 Internationals / Most runs |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#bdb76b ! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span |- |Gisele Ishimwe || 661 || 18.88 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Marie Bimenyimana]] || 515 || 16.09 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Henriette Ishimwe]] || 389 || 11.78 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Sarah Uwera]] || 367 || 11.46 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Cathia Uwamahoro]] || 362 || 15.08 || 2019–2022 |} {{Col-break}} '''Most T20I wickets for Rwanda Women'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=10;id=4463;type=team |title=Records / Rwanda Women / Twenty20 Internationals / Most wickets |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#bdb76b ! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span |- |Margueritte Vumiliya || 37 || 12.94 || 2019–2022 |- |Immaculee Muhawenimana || 33 || 13.21 || 2019–2022 |- |[[Henriette Ishimwe]] || 33 || 16.87 || 2019–2022 |- |Josiane Nyirankundineza || 22 || 21.59 || 2019–2022 |- |Sifa Ingabire || 21 || 12.71 || 2019–2022 |} {{Col-end}}''An kammala rikodin zuwa WT20I #1131.'' ''An sabunta ta ƙarshe 18 Yuni 2022.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" !Abokin hamayya ! M ! W ! L ! T ! NR ! Wasan farko ! Nasara ta farko |- | colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | '''Cikakkun membobin ICC''' |- | align="left" |</img> Zimbabwe | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 ga Mayu, 2019 | |- | colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | '''Membobin Mataimakin ICC''' |- | align="left" |</img> Botswana | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 ga Yuni, 2021 | 6 ga Yuni, 2021 |- | align="left" |</img> Brazil | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 Yuni 2022 | 10 Yuni 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Eswatini | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 ga Satumba, 2021 | 12 ga Satumba, 2021 |- | align="left" |</img> Gambia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Afrilu 1, 2022 | Afrilu 1, 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Jamus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 Yuni 2022 | 12 Yuni 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Ghana | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 Maris 2022 | 28 Maris 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Kenya | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 Yuni 2021 | |- | align="left" |</img> Mali | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 ga Yuni 2019 | 18 ga Yuni 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Mozambique | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 ga Mayu, 2019 | 8 ga Mayu, 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Namibiya | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 ga Yuni 2021 | |- | align="left" |</img> Najeriya | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 26 ga Janairu, 2019 | 28 ga Janairu, 2019 |- | align="left" |</img> Saliyo | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Maris 30, 2022 | Maris 30, 2022 |- | align="left" |</img> Tanzaniya | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 11 ga Mayu, 2019 | |- | align="left" |</img> Uganda | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 19 Yuni 2019 | |} == Tawagar ta yanzu == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Suna ! Shekaru ! Salon yin wasa ! Salon wasan kwallon raga |- ! colspan="4" | Captain da All-rounder |- | Marie Bimenyimana |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- ! colspan="4" | Batter |- | Gisele Ishimwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Cathia Uwamahoro |  | Hannun dama | - |- | Diane Dusabemungu |  | Hannun dama | A hankali orthodox na hagu-hannu |- | Delphine Mukarurangwa |  | - | - |- | Antoinette Uwimbabazi |  | hannun dama | - |- ! colspan="4" | All-rounders |- | Henriette Ishimwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Alice Ikuzwe |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Sifa Ingabire |  | Hannun dama | Kashe karyewar hannun dama |- ! colspan="4" | Masu tsaron gida |- | Sarah Uwera | 26 | Hannun dama | - |- | Flora Irakoze |  | Hannun dama | - |- ! colspan="5" | Spin Bowler |- | Margueritte Vumilia |  | Hannun dama | Karyewar ƙafar hannun dama |- ! colspan="5" | Pace Bowlers |- | Immaculee Muhawenimana |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Belyse Murekatete |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |- | Josiane Nyirankundineza |  | Hannun dama | Matsakaicin hannun dama |} An sabunta ta Satumba 2021 == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kurket na kasa da kasa na mata ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da ashirin da biyu na Rwanda * Kungiyar wasan cricket ta kasar Rwanda == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Mata]] 1pnkhi2ra083op50oywgwffw9wlrk08 0 33838 549122 326169 2024-11-30T17:33:17Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edmilson Gabriel Dove''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a ƙungiyar [[Cape Town|Cape Town City]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar [[Mozambique]]. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron gida]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.<ref>"[[Mozambik|Mozambique]]- [[Edmilson]]-Profile with news, career statistics and history-Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob/ƙungiya == Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de [[Maputo]] a shekarar ta 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ta 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar [[Lisbon]] don yin gwaji tare da kulob din [[Portugal]] Sporting CP.<ref>Pinto, Pedro (18 May 2016). "[[Edmilson Dove]] à experiência no [[Sporting]]" (in Portuguese). supersporting.net. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</ref> A cikin watan Janairun 2017, kulob din [[Cape Town]] City na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan [[Aubrey Modiba|ficewar Aubrey Modiba]], zabin farko na [[Mai buga baya|hagu]]. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen [[Mozambique]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park.<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] estreia-se com vitória sobre Highlands Park por 3-0" (in Portuguese). desportomais.com. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina.<ref>Opiyo, Vincent (5 May 2015). "COSAFA Cup: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] team named". Futaa. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."<ref>[[Namibiya|Namibia]] are Cosafa Cup champions". The Namibian. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar [[Mozambique]] a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan [[Malawi]].<ref>Muhinde, Jejje (1 June 2016). "[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]/ [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] Team Expected Tomorrow Ahead of Amavubi Clash". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da [[Namibiya]]. Ya buga wa [[Mozambique]] wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Seychelles]] da [[Zambia]] kafin [[Mozambique]] ta fitar da ita daga gasar. An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afrika]] ta 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da [[Mozambique]].<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 25 May 2017.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Birnin Cape Town | 2016-17 | Gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 10 ! 0 |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 25 March 2017.}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=59276|accessdate=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | 2015 | 7 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 13 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == === Kulob === ; Ferroviário de Maputo * Shekara : 2015 ; Birnin Cape Town * MTN 8 : 2018 === Ƙasashen Duniya === ; Mozambique * Kofin COSAFA : 2015 ta zo ta biyu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] d8hsa1rajzjrnw7l0pj9kfyb0su3yez 549135 549122 2024-11-30T18:13:12Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edmilson Gabriel Dove''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a ƙungiyar [[Cape Town|Cape Town City]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar [[Mozambique]]. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron gida]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.<ref>"[[Mozambik|Mozambique]]- [[Edmilson]]-Profile with news, career statistics and history-Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob/ƙungiya == Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de [[Maputo]] a shekarar ta 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta a shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ta 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar [[Lisbon]] don yin gwaji tare da kulob din [[Portugal]] Sporting CP.<ref>Pinto, Pedro (18 May 2016). "[[Edmilson Dove]] à experiência no [[Sporting]]" (in Portuguese). supersporting.net. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</ref> A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2017, kulob din [[Cape Town]] City na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan [[Aubrey Modiba|ficewar Aubrey Modiba]], zabin farko na [[Mai buga baya|hagu]]. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen [[Mozambique]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park.<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] estreia-se com vitória sobre Highlands Park por 3-0" (in Portuguese). desportomais.com. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina.<ref>Opiyo, Vincent (5 May 2015). "COSAFA Cup: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] team named". Futaa. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."<ref>[[Namibiya|Namibia]] are Cosafa Cup champions". The Namibian. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar [[Mozambique]] a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na shekarar 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan [[Malawi]].<ref>Muhinde, Jejje (1 June 2016). "[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]/ [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] Team Expected Tomorrow Ahead of Amavubi Clash". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da [[Namibiya]]. Ya buga wa [[Mozambique]] wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Seychelles]] da [[Zambia]] kafin [[Mozambique]] ta fitar da ita daga gasar. An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afrika]] ta 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da [[Mozambique]].<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/aiki == == Kulob == {{Updated|match played 25 May 2017.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Birnin Cape Town | 2016-17 | Gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 10 ! 0 |} == Ƙasashen Duniya == {{Updated|match played 25 March 2017.}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=59276|accessdate=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | 2015 | 7 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 13 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == ==Kulob == ; Ferroviário de Maputo * Shekara : 2015 ; Birnin Cape Town * MTN 8 : 2018 == Ƙasashen Duniya == ; Mozambique * Kofin COSAFA : A shekarar 2015 ta zo ta biyu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 4xaj9su7p8tvq9cocex4hd525tdpq7u 549136 549135 2024-11-30T18:14:04Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edmilson Gabriel Dove''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a ƙungiyar [[Cape Town|Cape Town City]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar [[Mozambique]]. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron gida]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.<ref>"[[Mozambik|Mozambique]]- [[Edmilson]]-Profile with news, career statistics and history-Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob/ƙungiya == Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de [[Maputo]] a shekarar ta 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta a shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ta 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar [[Lisbon]] don yin gwaji tare da kulob din [[Portugal]] Sporting CP.<ref>Pinto, Pedro (18 May 2016). "[[Edmilson Dove]] à experiência no [[Sporting]]" (in Portuguese). supersporting.net. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</ref> A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2017, kulob din [[Cape Town]] City na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan [[Aubrey Modiba|ficewar Aubrey Modiba]], zabin farko na [[Mai buga baya|hagu]]. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen [[Mozambique]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park.<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] estreia-se com vitória sobre Highlands Park por 3-0" (in Portuguese). desportomais.com. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina.<ref>Opiyo, Vincent (5 May 2015). "COSAFA Cup: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] team named". Futaa. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."<ref>[[Namibiya|Namibia]] are Cosafa Cup champions". The Namibian. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar [[Mozambique]] a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na shekarar 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan [[Malawi]].<ref>Muhinde, Jejje (1 June 2016). "[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]/ [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] Team Expected Tomorrow Ahead of Amavubi Clash". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da [[Namibiya]]. Ya buga wa [[Mozambique]] wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Seychelles]] da [[Zambia]] kafin [[Mozambique]] ta fitar da ita daga gasar. An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afrika]] ta a shekarar 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da [[Mozambique]].<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/aiki == == Kulob == {{Updated|match played 25 May 2017.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Birnin Cape Town | 2016-17 | Gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 10 ! 0 |} == Ƙasashen Duniya == {{Updated|match played 25 March 2017.}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=59276|accessdate=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | 2015 | 7 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 13 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == ==Kulob == ; Ferroviário de Maputo * Shekara : 2015 ; Birnin Cape Town * MTN 8 : 2018 == Ƙasashen Duniya == ; Mozambique * Kofin COSAFA : A shekarar 2015 ta zo ta biyu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 239cuj86xt9d3sphoy7iq6w2dg88jtl 549137 549136 2024-11-30T18:15:00Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edmilson Gabriel Dove''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a ƙungiyar [[Cape Town|Cape Town City]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar [[Mozambique]]. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron gida]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.<ref>"[[Mozambik|Mozambique]]- [[Edmilson]]-Profile with news, career statistics and history-Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob/ƙungiya == Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de [[Maputo]] a shekarar ta 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta a shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ta 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar [[Lisbon]] don yin gwaji tare da kulob din [[Portugal]] Sporting CP.<ref>Pinto, Pedro (18 May 2016). "[[Edmilson Dove]] à experiência no [[Sporting]]" (in Portuguese). supersporting.net. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</ref> A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2017, kulob din [[Cape Town]] City na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan [[Aubrey Modiba|ficewar Aubrey Modiba]], zabin farko na [[Mai buga baya|hagu]]. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen [[Mozambique]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park.<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] estreia-se com vitória sobre Highlands Park por 3-0" (in Portuguese). desportomais.com. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina.<ref>Opiyo, Vincent (5 May 2015). "COSAFA Cup: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] team named". Futaa. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."<ref>[[Namibiya|Namibia]] are Cosafa Cup champions". The Namibian. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar [[Mozambique]] a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na shekarar 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan [[Malawi]].<ref>Muhinde, Jejje (1 June 2016). "[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]/ [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] Team Expected Tomorrow Ahead of Amavubi Clash". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da [[Namibiya]]. Ya buga wa [[Mozambique]] wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Seychelles]] da [[Zambia]] kafin [[Mozambique]] ta fitar da ita daga gasar. An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afrika]] ta a shekarar 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da [[Mozambique]].<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/aiki == == Kulob == {{Updated|match played 25 May 2017.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Birnin Cape Town | 2016-17 | Gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 10 ! 0 |} == Ƙasashen Duniya == {{Updated|match played 25 March 2017.}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=59276|accessdate=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | 2015 | 7 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 13 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == ==Kulob == ; Ferroviário de Maputo * Shekara ta: 2015 ; Birnin Cape Town * MTN 8 : a shekarar 2018 == Ƙasashen Duniya == ; Mozambique * Kofin COSAFA : A shekarar 2015 ta zo ta biyu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ndde90v6u1x9h6hdv4qkuadiqxegkih 549138 549137 2024-11-30T18:16:41Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edmilson Gabriel Dove''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli, Shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a ƙungiyar [[Cape Town|Cape Town City]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar [[Mozambique]]. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron gida]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.<ref>"[[Mozambik|Mozambique]]- [[Edmilson]]-Profile with news, career statistics and history-Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob/ƙungiya == Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de [[Maputo]] a shekarar ta 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta a shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ta 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar [[Lisbon]] don yin gwaji tare da kulob din [[Portugal]] Sporting CP.<ref>Pinto, Pedro (18 May 2016). "[[Edmilson Dove]] à experiência no [[Sporting]]" (in Portuguese). supersporting.net. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</ref> A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2017, kulob din [[Cape Town]] City na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan [[Aubrey Modiba|ficewar Aubrey Modiba]], zabin farko na [[Mai buga baya|hagu]]. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen [[Mozambique]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park.<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] estreia-se com vitória sobre Highlands Park por 3-0" (in Portuguese). desportomais.com. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina.<ref>Opiyo, Vincent (5 May 2015). "COSAFA Cup: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] team named". Futaa. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."<ref>[[Namibiya|Namibia]] are Cosafa Cup champions". The Namibian. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar [[Mozambique]] a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na shekarar 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan [[Malawi]].<ref>Muhinde, Jejje (1 June 2016). "[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]/ [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]: [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] Team Expected Tomorrow Ahead of Amavubi Clash". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da [[Namibiya]]. Ya buga wa [[Mozambique]] wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Seychelles]] da [[Zambia]] kafin [[Mozambique]] ta fitar da ita daga gasar. An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin [[Afrika]] ta a shekarar 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da [[Mozambique]].<ref>[[Edmilson Dove]] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/aiki == == Kulob == {{Updated|match played 25 May 2017.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Birnin Cape Town | 2016-17 | Gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 10 ! 0 |} == Ƙasashen Duniya == {{Updated|match played 25 March 2017.}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=59276|accessdate=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | 2015 | 7 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 13 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == ==Kulob == ; Ferroviário de Maputo * Shekara ta: 2015 ; Birnin Cape Town * MTN 8 : a shekarar 2018 == Ƙasashen Duniya == ; Mozambique * Kofin COSAFA : A shekarar 2015 ta zo ta biyu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9ojdhyltj5d60kaznddt6j0nitc2g95 0 43770 549393 488856 2024-12-01T10:32:06Z Maryamarh 29382 549393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire_-_Serbie-et-Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro_(coupe_du_monde_2006_-_86e_minute_-_penalty_de_Kalou).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ivory Coast - Serbia da Montenegro (Cup World Cup 2006 - minti 86 - Kalou fenariti).]] [[Fayil:Côte d'Ivoire - Serbie-et-Monténégro (coupe du monde 2006 - 86e minute - penalty de Kalou).jpg|thumb|Bonaventure Kalou]] '''Bonaventure KalouKalou,''' (an haife shi 12 ga watan Janairu, 1978), tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari . Ya zama zaɓaɓɓen magajin garin Vavoua .<ref name="Mayor Vavoua">{{cite web |last1=Alfa Shaban |first1=Abdur Rahman |title=Ex Ivorian footballer Bonaventure Kalou elected mayor |url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/10/15/ex-ivorian-footballer-bonaventure-kalou-elected-mayor/ |website=Africanews.com|date=15 October 2018 }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Oumé, Kalou ya fara bugawa ASEC Mimosas a ƙasarsa, kafin ya koma Feyenoord na tushen Dutch. Ya taka leda a [[Rotterdam]] tsawon yanayi shida a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta yau da kullun. Ya fi taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe, amma kuma ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba idan ya cancanta. A halin yanzu, ɗan'uwansa, [[Salomon Kalou|Salomon]], wanda ya zo ya ziyarce shi, ya burge ma'aikatan Feyenoord kuma an sanya hannu a matsayin matashin ɗan wasa. Lokacin da Bonaventure ya yanke shawarar barin Feyenoord kuma ya gwada sa'arsa a wata gasar Turai, Ligue 1, a AJ Auxerre, An aika Salomon zuwa abokin tarayya na Feyenoord Excelsior a matsayin aro, kafin ya karɓi aikin ɗan'uwansa. Bonaventure ya taka leda sau biyu a Auxerre, inda ya ci gaba a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari sabanin winger. Sai dai har yanzu ya samu nasarar zura ƙwallaye makamancin haka idan aka kwatanta da lokutan baya. A cikin wannan lokacin ne ya yi magana da ɗan'uwansa, wanda har yanzu yana taka leda a Feyenoord, don samun zama ɗan ƙasar Holland, wanda Ministan Shige da Fice Rita Verdonk ya ƙi amincewa da shi daga ƙarshe. Yayin da yake Auxerre, Kalou ya zira ƙwallayen nasara a lokacin rauni a wasan karshe na Coupe de France na 2005 yayin da suka doke kulob ɗin [[Paris Saint-Germain]] na gaba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voetbalkrant.com/nieuws/2005-06-05/auxerre-pakt-franse-beker |title=Auxerre pakt Franse beker |website=voetbalkrant.com |date=5 June 2005 |access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2005-2006, an canza shi zuwa abokan hamayyar Auxerre's Ligue 1 Paris Saint-Germain. Ya zira ƙwallaye ɗaya daga cikin ƙwallayen PSG yayin da suka lashe gasar Coupe de France Final 2006 ; a karo na biyu a jere ya zura ƙwallo a wasan ƙarshe. <ref>{{cite news |title=PSG win French Cup |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/coupe-de-france/2005-2006/psg-win-french-cup_sto876477/story.shtml |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=Eurosport |date=29 April 2006}}</ref> PSG ta fara zama kungiyar da ke fuskantar barazanar koma baya kuma nan da nan ya sanya hannu kan wata ƙungiyar Faransa, RC Lens . Makomar ta yi musu haske, amma abin mamaki an yi watsi da su a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana. Kalou ya koma Netherlands a shekarar 2008 tare da SC Heerenveen, wanda tare da wanda ya lashe Kofin Dutch a shekarar 2009. Heerenveen ta doke FC Twente a wasan ƙarshe, kuma Kalou ya zura kwallo a raga. A ƙarshen shekarar 2009, yana kan gwaji a Crystal Palace da Le Mans, amma duka gwaje-gwajen ba su yi nasara ba. A watan Fabrairun 2011, Kalou ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa Combs-la-Ville don kamfen na 2011–2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Bonaventure Kalou at WorldFootball.net [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1978]] 3563ctu6hcl32ba5t6f3wawsson8xgy 0 43818 549303 507503 2024-12-01T07:10:35Z Saudarh2 14842 549303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ferran Torres 2019.png|thumb|ferran Torres tare da qungiyar Valencia a shekarai 2019]] [[Fayil:Jugadors pretemporada pels Estats Units.jpg|thumb|Ferran Torres]] '''Ferran Torres'''<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferran_Torres</ref><ref>https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/43098/ferran-torres</ref> (an haife shi ne a ranar 29 ga watan fabrairu a shekarata 2000)<ref>https://www.premierleague.com/players/43098/Phil-Foden/overview</ref><ref>https://www.besoccer.com/player/f-torres-342274</ref> a Foios qaramar hukuma anan qasar sipaniuya, Community Valencian, Torres ya shiga tsarin matasa na qungiyar a sipaniya [[Valencia CF]] a cikin shekarai 2006, yana da shekaru shida.<ref>https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/ferran</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2016, yayin da yake ƙarami, ya fara halarta na farko tare da ƙungiyar ajiyar ta hanyar zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Grego a 2 – 0 Segunda División B asarar gida da Mallorca B.<ref>https://www.goal.com/en/player/ferran-torres/2szgrzcosfeifh664tgt3mfvt</ref> An haɓaka da sanin yaran matashin dan qwallai Torres zuwa B-gefen gabanin yaƙin neman zaɓe na shekarai dubu biyu da sha bkwai zuwa sha takwas 2017–18, kuma ya zura babban burinsa na farko a kan 26 ga watan Agusta 2017 ta hanyar jefa ƙungiyarsa ta biyu a cikin gida 4-1 akan Peralada-Girona B . A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, bayan an danganta shi da [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], ya sabunta kwantiraginsa, wanda ya kara adadin sakinsa zuwa € 25.&nbsp;miliyan. An kuma kara masa girma zuwa tawagar farko a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 2018. Torres ya fara buga wasansa cikin manyan yan wasa na farko a ranar talatin ga watan Nuwamba shekarai dubu bioyu da sha bakwai 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Nacho Gil wanda ya kammala karatunsa na farko a wasan da suka samu nasara daci hudu da daya ci 4-1 a gida na Real Zaragoza, don gasar Copa del Rey a qasar sipaniya ta kakar wasa ta bana. Ya fara wasansa na farko a gasar La Liga dake qasar tasa ta sipaniya a ranar sha shidda 16 ga watan Disamba, inda ya buga minti tara na karshe a cikin rashin nasarar da sukayi inda aka dokesu daci biyu da dayaa hannun eibar na qasar sipaniya1-2 a Eibar, ya zama dan wasa na farko da aka haifa a cikin 2000s da ya taka leda a gasar. Torres ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 23 ga Watan Oktoba 2018, yana farawa a kunnen doki 1-1 da Young Boys . Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar La Liga a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2019, mintuna goma bayan ya ci gaba da zama a madadinsa a ci 2-1 da Celta Vigo . Ya ci gaba da zama a kan benci yayin da Valencia ta doke Barcelona da ci 2-1 a gasar cin kofin Copa del Rey na 2019 a Estadio Benito Villamarín a Seville, ranar 25 ga Mayu. [[Fayil:Jugadors pretemporada pels Estats Units.jpg|thumb|Ferran Torres]] A ranar biyar biyar 5 ga watan Nuwamba shekarai dubu biyu da sha tara 2019, Torres ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar zakarun nahirar Turai, inda ya zura kwallo ta karshe a kungiyarsa a wasan da suka doke Lille daci hudu mai ban haushi 4-1 gida, ya zama matashin dan wasan Valencia a gasar. A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, Torres ya yi wa Valencia wasa na 50 a gasar La Liga da ci 2-1 a waje da Real Betis, ya zama matashin dan wasan ''Los Ches'' da ya buga wasanni 50 na gasar yana da shekaru 19 da kwanaki 254, ya karya 38- Rikodin shekara na Miguel Tendillo (mai shekaru 19 da kwanaki 351). ==Aikin Kungiya== '''Manchester City''' A ranar hudu 4 ga watan Agusta shekarai dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, kulob din [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na qasar burtaniya ya tabbatar da rattaba hannun kwantiraginsa kan Torres kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar, har zuwa dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025, kan farashin canja wurin fam miliyan ashirin da uku(£20.8&nbsp;miliyan). Daga baya kulob din ya bayyana cewa Torres ya gaji riga mai lamba 21 wanda tsohon dan wasan kulob din David Silva ya sa a baya, wani dan wasa dan kasar Sipaniya wanda shi ma ya zo daga Valencia. Torres ya fara buga wasansa na farko a City a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Wolverhampton Wanderers 3-1 a waje a gasar Premier. A ranar 30 ga Satumba, Torres ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kulob din, a wasan da suka doke Burnley da ci 3-0 a gasar cin kofin EFL . A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2020, ya fara buga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai tare da Manchester City, inda ya zira kwallo a ragar Porto da ci 3-1. Bayan mako guda kawai, Torres ya fara zira kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai a cikin nasara 0-3 a kan Olympique de Marseille, ya zama dan wasan Spain mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwallaye a wasanni uku a jere a gasar, yana da shekaru 20 da 241. A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, Torres ya ci wa City kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin Premier da suka doke Burnley da ci 5-0. A ranar 14 ga Mayu, Torres ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko a City a wasan da suka doke Newcastle United da ci 4-3 a waje. [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Ferran Torres García.png|Ferran File:Jugadors pretemporada pels Estats Units.jpg|Ferran tare da tawagar kungiyarsa ta Barcelona </gallery> ==Manazarta== edlei24vzz0j70b452zytiq8ee9omef 0 43906 549295 451396 2024-12-01T07:02:41Z Saudarh2 14842 549295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chadi Riad Dnanou''' (an haife shi ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 2003) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasa mai tsaron baya]] na kungiyar Barcelona Atlètic . An haife shi a kasar Spain, matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Maroko. == Aikin kungiya == An haife shi a [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], tsibirin Balearic wanda iyayensa suka kasance 'yan asalin kasar Moroccan, Riad ya wakilci CD Atlético Rafal, RCD Mallorca (biyu) da CD San Francisco kafin ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru uku da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta [[FC Barcelona]] a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2019, mai tasiri har zuwa Yuli. A cikin 2020, ya koma CE Sabadell FC a matsayin aro na shekara guda, ana sanya shi cikin tawagar ''Juvenil A.'' Riad ya fara halarta a karon farko a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba,a shekarar 2020, an fara dashi ne a wasan da sukayi nasara da ci 2-0 a waje da CD Ibiza Islas Pitiusas, don gasar Copa del Rey na kakar wasa. Wasan sa na Segunda División ya faru ne a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, yayin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Aleix Coch a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 a gida da CD Lugo . A lokacin rani na shekarar 2022, Riad ya ci gaba zuwa Barcelona Atlètic, inda ya zira kwallon samun nasara a raga a kan kakar-bude wasan, da Castellón . <ref>[https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/barca-b/noticies/2765277/barca-atletic-cd-castellon-marquez-sestrena-amb-un-triomf-dinfart-3-2 Barça Atlètic- CD Castellón: Márquez s'estrena amb un triomf d'infart (3-2) (in [[Catalan language|catalan]]).</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 13 ga watan Maris a shekarar 2023, Manaja Walid Regragui ya kira Riad zuwa ga cikakken tawagar domin buga wasan sada zumunci da Brazil da Peru . == Kididdigar sana'a == === Kungiya === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Turai ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Sabadell | 2020-21 | Segunda División | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! colspan="2" | - ! colspan="2" | - ! 2 ! 0 |- | rowspan="2" | Barcelona Atlétic | 2022-23 | Primera Federación | 22 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 22 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 22 ! 1 ! colspan="2" | - ! colspan="2" | - ! colspan="2" | - ! 22 ! 1 |- | rowspan="2" | [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | 2022-23 | La Liga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 24 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 25 ! 1 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * Chadi Riad at LaPreferente.com (in Spanish) * {{Soccerway|chadi-riad/671113}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2003]] 0qmfrm4kfd3d7n5poxtc5y0rumgzpad 0 47654 549113 525187 2024-11-30T16:58:33Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kwale.jpg|thumb|kwale]] [[Fayil:Hamburg Dradenau MV Kwale MV Likoni 3735.jpg|thumb|Kwale, Nijeriya]] '''Kwale''' al'umma ce ta mutanen Ukwuani masu magana da yaren mutanen [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]], Najeriya kuma tana cikin lardin Warri na mulkin mallaka. Garin Kwale dai yana karɓar baƙuncin kamfanonin mai da iskar gas, wasu daga cikinsu akwai a sassa daban-daban na birnin na Afirka kamar wurin da ake tafiyar da iskar gas da ke Ebedei kusa da Unguwar Umukwata da kuma wani wuri a Ebendo da Umusadege mai bututun mai daga Aboh da kogin Ase.<ref name=ThisDay>{{cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/03/23/mart-oil-resources-launches-new-brand-identity |title=Mart oil resources launches new brand identity|date=March 23, 2018 |accessdate=April 21, 2018|publisher=ThisDay}}</ref> Anyi la'akari game da kafa matatun mai na zamani a cikin yankin.<ref name=TheNation>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/delta-build-three-modular-refineries/ |title=Delta to build three modular refineries |date=February 22, 2018|accessdate=April 21, 2018|publisher=TheNation}}</ref> Kwale gida ne ga mutanen [[Ƙabilar Ukwuani|Ukwuani]] da ke magana da yaren mutanen [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/ukwuani-an-ethnic-people-and-language/ | title=Ukwuani: An ethnic people and language | date=26 November 2021 | access-date=22 April 2023 | archive-date=22 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422143639/https://guardian.ng/opinion/ukwuani-an-ethnic-people-and-language/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gari a Jihar Delta]] 1q12en46kyw92jdqf5f4e6jq5o37utp 0 48238 549124 542981 2024-11-30T17:34:59Z Clarinetguy097 9506 549124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bruise - ring resolution.jpg|thumb|kadan daga yanayin kalan rauni kenam Amma yakanzo kalakal]] '''Rauni wani''' nau'in taruwar jini ne na tsoka, mafi yawan sanadin kasancewar lalacewar ''capillaries'' ta hanyar rauni, wanda take haifar da zubar da jini wanda ya wuce zuwa cikin tsakankanin nama na kewaye. Yawancin raunuka suna faruwa a kusa da fata, saboda haka, zubar da jini ya haifar da chanjin launi na bayyane. Daga nan sai raunin ya kasance a bayyane har sai jinin ya shanye ko kuma ya share ta hanyar aikin garkuwowin jiki . raunin da bata ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na iya shafar kananun jijiyoyin jini a matakin fata, nama na ''subcutaneous'', tsoka, ko kashi. kada a rikita rauni da sauran raunuka masu kama da juna. Irin waɗannan raunuka sun haɗa da (1) petechia (kasa da 3 mm (0.12 a), wanda ze iya zuwa sakamako masu yawa da bambance-bambance irin su mummunan halayen daga magunguna irin su warfarin, damuwa, asphyxiation, cututtuka na platelet da cututtuka irin su ''cytomegalovirus'' ); <ref>Jain, B. (2004). ''Guide to Forensic Medicine & Toxicology''. B. Jain Publishers. p. 64. ISBN <bdi>978-81-8056-526-7</bdi>.</ref> da (2) purpura ( 3–10 mm (0.12-0.39 in) ), wanda aka rarraba shi azaman ɓacin rai ko purpura mara kyau kuma yana nuna yanayin cututtuka daban-daban kamar thrombocytopenia . <ref>Kapoor, Rajat; Barnes, Katy I. (2013). ''Crash Course Paediatrics – E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-7234-3793-2</ref> Bugu da ƙari, (3) kodayake ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga da yawa suna magance '''ecchymosis''' (jam'i, ecchymoses) (girman, fiye da 1 . ) kamar yadda yake daidai da rauni, a cikin wasu tsare-tsare, za'a iya banbanta cutar ta ecchymosis ta hanyar nisan sa daga tushe da kuma yanayin zubar jini, tare da kuma yadda jinin yake shiga rarraba jini ta jiragen nama da kuma zama a wani yanki mai nisa daga wurin rauni ko rauni. har ma da cututtukan cututtukan da ba su da rauni, kamar a cikin ecchymosis na periorbital (" idon raccoon "), wanda ya taso daga karayar kwanyar kai ta basilar ko kuma daga neuroblastoma .<ref>contusion" at ''Dorland's Medical Dictionary''</ref>A matsayin wani nau'in hematoma, rauni yana haifar da nau'in zubar da jini na ciki wanda ba ya keta ta, yawanci yakan fara ta hanyar [[Tashin hankali|raunin na abu mai tsini]], wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar [[Matsi (na jiki)|takurar jiki]] da kuma susucewa.yanayin da ya isa ya haifar da rauni zai iya faruwa daga yanayi iri-iri daban daban wanda suka haɗa da haɗari, faɗuwa, da tiyata. yanayin cututtuka irin su rashin isasshen ko rashin aiki [[Platelet|na platelet]], sauran cututtukan [[coagulation]], ko cututtuka na jijiyoyi, irin su toshewar jijiyoyi da ke hade da [[Allergy|rashin lafiya]] mai tsanani <ref name="allergynursing">''Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine'' (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2008.</ref> na iya haifar da samuwar purpura wanda ba za a rikitashi da rauni ba.<ref>"Easy Bruising Symptoms".</ref> duk raunin da isa ya tsaga fata kuma ya ba da damar jini ya fita daga cikin naman jiki , raunin ba rauni ba ne, sedai akirashi da zubar jini, nau'in zubar da jini daban-daban. Irin wannan zubar jinin da ya faru na iya kasancewa rauni ya biyo baya .<ref name="Robbins">Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007).</ref> == Alamomi == Rauni sau da yawa yakan haifar da ciwo nan da nan bayan dalilin da ya haifar da samuwar shi, amma ƙananan raunuka ba su da haɗari. Wani lokaci raunuka na iya zama mai tsanani, wanda zai haifar da wasu nau'o'in hematoma masu barazana ga rayuwa, kamar lokacin da aka hade da raunuka masu tsanani lokacin [[Karaya (kashi)|karaya]] da [[Zubar ciki na ciki|zubar da jini]] mai tsanani. Yiwuwa da tsananin rauni ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da nau'i da lafiyar tsokar jikn da abin ya shafa. Ana iya gane ƙananan raunuka cikin sauƙi a cikin mutanen da ke da launin fata ta siffa mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi (wanda aka kwatanta da "baƙar fata da shuɗi") a cikin kwanakin da suka biyo baya. Hematomas za a iya rarraba ta girman. Ta hanyar ma'anar, ecchymoses suna da girman santimita 1 ko girma, don haka sun fi [[Pethia|petechiae]] girma (kasa da milimita 3 a diamita) <ref name=":0">Lotti, Torello (January 1994). "The Purpuras". ''International Journal of Dermatology''. '''33''' (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01483.x. <nowiki>PMID 8112930</nowiki>. S2CID 43261698</ref> ko [[purpura]] (3 zuwa 10 millimeters a diamita). <ref>Gumus, Koray (30 May 2007). "A child with racoon eyes masquerading as trauma". ''Int Ophthalmol''. '''27''' (6): 379–381. doi:10.1007/s10792-007-9089-y. <nowiki>PMID 17534581</nowiki>. S2CID 5921</ref> Ecchymoses kuma suna da iyaka mai yaduwa fiye da sauran purpura. <ref name="urlCase Based Pediatrics Chapter">Turley, Lois (2004-03-10). "Shiners-dark circles & swollen eyes". Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2009-10-08.</ref> Faɗin ma'anar ecchymosis shine tserewar jini zuwa cikin kyallen takarda daga fashewar tasoshin jini. <ref>Merriam-Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis; accessed 1/2/2012</ref> <ref>Gould, George M. ''The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary'', P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311</ref> Kalmar kuma ta shafi launin fata na subcutaneous wanda ya haifar da zubar jini a cikin nama da ya ji rauni.[[File:Blåmärken.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Rauni]] ==Manazarta== 7zzk2oye2xvdnc6nojks1qp99uq8o91 0 48473 549395 459498 2024-12-01T10:34:40Z Maryamarh 29382 549395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mali map.png|thumb|Taswiran Mali a zane]] '''Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli a Mali,''' sun haɗa da kwararruwar hamada, [[Gandun daji|Sare Dazuka]], zaizayar ƙasa, fari, da rashin wadataccen ruwan sha. Sare dazuzzuka matsala ce ta musamman kuma mai girma. A cewar ma'aikatar muhalli, al'ummar ƙasar Mali na cin ton miliyan 6 na itace a duk shekara domin yin katako da kuma man fetur. Domin biyan wannan buƙata, ana yin asarar murabba'in kilomita 4,000 a duk shekara, wanda kusan ke tabbatar da lalacewar gandun daji na ƙasar. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli a [[Mali]] shi ne kwararowar hamada. Ƙasar Mali ta faɗa cikin fari shekaru da dama a yanzu kuma hakan yana shafar ƙasar. Zaizayar ƙasa, sare dazuzzuka, da asarar wuraren kiwo, duk manyan matsaloli ne a Mali. Mali kuma tana da ƙarancin ruwa.<ref>"Mali- Environment." Encyclopedia of The Nations. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2013</ref> Don taimakawa wajen ɗorewar matsalar da ke ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa a ƙasar Mali gwamnati ta ware kashi 3.7 cikin 100 na ɗaukacin yankin ƙasar ta Mali. Ta amince da yarjejeniyoyin muhalli na ƙasa da ƙasa da suka shafi bambancin halittu, [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]], kwararowar hamada, [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|nau'ukan da ke cikin haɗari]], da kuma kariya ta fuskar ozone . <ref>"Land and Resources, Environmental Issues." countries quest. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 20.</ref> A cewar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|hukumar ta]] FAO, kashi 10.2% ko kuma kusan hekta 12,490,000 na [[Mali|ƙasar Mali]] na da dazuzzuka. Mali tana da dajin da aka shuka hekta 530,000. Canjin dazuzzukan : Tsakanin shekarar 1990 da ta 2010, Mali ta yi asarar matsakaicin ha 79,100 ko kuma 0.56% a kowace shekara, jimilla ta yi hasarar 11.2%, ko kuma kusan 1,582,000 ha, a wannan lokacin. Ƙasar Mali tana da maki 7.16/10 a shekarar 2018, inda take matsayi na 51 a duniya cikin kasashe 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Canjin yanayi == [[File:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa-Mali--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb| Hasashen canjin yanayin zafi a Mali, 1901 zuwa 2020.]] Ko da yake Mali ba ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga hayaƙin iskar gas a duniya ba (GHG), tana cikin jerin ƙasashen da suka fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Badal|first=Lionel|date=2021-12-09|title=Mali in the Frontlines of Climate Change - Our World|url=https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/mali-the-frontlines-of-climate-change|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Our World: United Nations University}}</ref> Sauyin yanayi na ƙaruwar duka da tsanani da yawaitar ambaliya da fari a ƙasar da kuma yiwuwar afkuwar bala'o'in yanayi. <ref name=":0" /> Hakanan yana iya yin illa ga samar da abinci da cututtuka, kuma yana ƙara raunin zamantakewa tsakanin mazauna ƙasar. <ref name=":0" /> == Duba kuma == * Namun daji na Mali * Rally for Education about Sustainable Development, jam'iyyar siyasa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tkbq8xejybhjz8d9vb2a5pp0th9eub4 0 49738 549392 517707 2024-12-01T10:30:41Z Maryamarh 29382 549392 wikitext text/x-wiki Wanzamai [[kauye|ƙauye]] ne dake cikin ƙaramar hukumar malumfashi ta [[katsina]] .<ref><ref>"Polling Unit Locator Tool". Abuja, Nigeria: Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.</ref></ref> ==Manazarta== gu89hpe752ftzdwgquvhzj4tjljzqy7 0 50055 549095 510197 2024-11-30T16:33:18Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Malësi e Madhe District.svg|thumb|malesia]] [[Fayil:ZailanMoris.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:ZailanMoris.jpg|thumb|zailan moris]] [[Fayil:ZailanMoris.jpg|thumb|Zailan Moris]]  {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Zailan Moris''' masani ne dan [[Maleshiya|kasar Malesiya]] na falsafar Musulunci <ref>See: </ref> kuma tsohon farfesa ne a Makarantar Ilimin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia.<ref>See: </ref> Babban abin da take so shi ne falsafar Musulunci, addinin kamanta da kuma [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Zailan Moris ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia sannan ta kammala digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Carleton da ke [[Ottawa]],[[Kanada]].Ta fara sha'awar ilimin falsafar Musulunci ne bayan samun wahayi daga masanin falsafa dan kasar Iran Seyyed Hossein Nasr, kuma ta sami digiri na uku a shekarar 1994 daga Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington,DC,karkashin kulawar sa.Ta rubuta kasidarta kan falsafar Mulla Sadra wadda aka buga a ƙarƙashin taken ''Wahayi,fahimtar hankali da tunani a cikin falsafar Mulla Sadra:nazarin al-Hikmah'' al-arshiyyah.Da yake ta kasance ɗalibin Nasr mai ƙwazo,tana ba da ra'ayoyinsa da yawa kuma ta tattauna tare da yin sharhi kan fannoni daban-daban na tunanin falsafarsa.Ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ra'ayin gargajiya a Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=193–236 [197]}}</ref> Moris ya koyar a Sashen Falsafa a Makarantar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia har sai da ta yi ritaya a cikin shekarar 2017. == Ayyuka == Moris ta rubuta kuma ta hada littafai da kasidu da dama na ilimi kan bangarori daban-daban na falsafar Musulunci.Wasu daga cikin littattafanta sun haɗa da: ; A matsayin marubuciya * Ka'idar farin ciki ta Al-Ghazali Kimiya-yi-sa adat (1982) * Allah da Siffofinsa: Darussa Akan Rukunan Musulunci ( Tushen Rukunan Musulunci) (1989). * Musuluntar Malaysiya : nazarin falsafa na Bahr Al-Lahut Rubutun metaphysical na Musulunci na ƙarni na 12 (2010) * Wahayi, hankali da tunani a cikin falsafar Mulla Sadra : nazarin al-Hikmah al-arshiyyah (2013) ; A matsayin edita * Ilimi haske ne :kasidu a cikin karatun addinin Musulunci da dalibansa suka gabatar wa Sayyid Hossein Nasr don girmama cikarsa shekaru sittin da shida (1999). * Babban Ilimi a cikin Asiya Pasifik: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Koyarwa da Koyo (2008) == manazarta == * <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rtjluw646l74rtk4eok8e436pdo3c1d 549181 549095 2024-11-30T20:11:07Z Mahuta 11340 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Bashir nuhu usman|Bashir nuhu usman]] ([[User talk:Bashir nuhu usman|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] 510197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Malësi e Madhe District.svg|thumb|malesia]] [[Fayil:ZailanMoris.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:ZailanMoris.jpg|thumb|zailan moris]]  {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Zailan Moris''' masani ne dan [[Maleshiya|kasar Malesiya]] na falsafar Musulunci <ref>See: </ref> kuma tsohon farfesa ne a Makarantar Ilimin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia.<ref>See: </ref> Babban abin da take so shi ne falsafar Musulunci, addinin kamanta da kuma [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Zailan Moris ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia sannan ta kammala digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Carleton da ke [[Ottawa]],[[Kanada]].Ta fara sha'awar ilimin falsafar Musulunci ne bayan samun wahayi daga masanin falsafa dan kasar Iran Seyyed Hossein Nasr, kuma ta sami digiri na uku a shekarar 1994 daga Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington,DC,karkashin kulawar sa.Ta rubuta kasidarta kan falsafar Mulla Sadra wadda aka buga a ƙarƙashin taken ''Wahayi,fahimtar hankali da tunani a cikin falsafar Mulla Sadra:nazarin al-Hikmah'' al-arshiyyah.Da yake ta kasance ɗalibin Nasr mai ƙwazo,tana ba da ra'ayoyinsa da yawa kuma ta tattauna tare da yin sharhi kan fannoni daban-daban na tunanin falsafarsa.Ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ra'ayin gargajiya a Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=193–236 [197]}}</ref> Moris ya koyar a Sashen Falsafa a Makarantar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Sains Malaysia har sai da ta yi ritaya a cikin shekarar 2017. == Ayyuka == Moris ta rubuta kuma ta hada littafai da kasidu da dama na ilimi kan bangarori daban-daban na falsafar Musulunci.Wasu daga cikin littattafanta sun haɗa da: ; A matsayin marubuciya * Ka'idar farin ciki ta Al-Ghazali Kimiya-yi-sa adat (1982) * Allah da Siffofinsa: Darussa Akan Rukunan Musulunci ( Tushen Rukunan Musulunci) (1989). * Musuluntar Malaysiya : nazarin falsafa na Bahr Al-Lahut Rubutun metaphysical na Musulunci na ƙarni na 12 (2010) * Wahayi, hankali da tunani a cikin falsafar Mulla Sadra : nazarin al-Hikmah al-arshiyyah (2013) ; A matsayin edita * Ilimi haske ne :kasidu a cikin karatun addinin Musulunci da dalibansa suka gabatar wa Sayyid Hossein Nasr don girmama cikarsa shekaru sittin da shida (1999). * Babban Ilimi a cikin Asiya Pasifik: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Koyarwa da Koyo (2008) == manazarta == * <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b3dx9fu1bvf99nuxl08rag6txatl1va 0 51019 549399 410600 2024-12-01T10:38:05Z Maryamarh 29382 549399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obi Owodi,''' yanki ne a ƙaramar hukumar Aniocha South, gundumar Nsukwa dake a cikin jihar Delta.<ref> "Polling Unit Locator Tool". Abuja, Nigeria: Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.</ref> ==Manazarta== tmo50o2429uon7s5o0n5reg8hkjtitj 0 51854 549096 346865 2024-11-30T16:34:20Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ruth_Maierová.jpg|thumb| Ruth Maier]] [[File:Ruth_Maier_snublestein.jpg|thumb| Stolperstein a gidan Maier na ƙarshe a Oslo]] [[Fayil:Ruth Maierová.jpg|thumb|Ruth Maier]] '''Ruth Maier''' (10 Nuwamba 1920 a [[Vienna]],[[Austriya|Austria]]-1 Disamba 1942 a Auschwitz,[[Poland]]) wata 'yar [[Austriya]] ce wadda aka buga littafin tarihinta da ke bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na [[The Holocaust|kisan kiyashi]] a Austria da [[Norway]] a 2007;reviews sun bayyana ta a matsayin " [[Anne Frank]] ta Norway." == Rayuwar farko == [[File:Ludwig_and_Irma_Maier,_Ruth's_parents.jpg|thumb| Iyayen Ruth Maier Ludwig da Irma Maier]] An haifi Ruth Maier a Vienna ga ɗiyar dangin [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da aka fi sani da Ludwig [b.1882] da Irma [1895-1964].Mahaifinta, Dokta Ludwig Maier,tana da digiri na uku a [[Falsafa|falsafar]],ta kasance polyglot (masanin harsuna tara),kuma ya kasance babban matsayi a cikin sabis na gidan waya na Austrian.Ta mutu a 1933 na erysipelas. Dan uwanta na farko,wanda ya tsira daga yakin,shine masanin falsafa Stephan Körner. Kanwarta Judith ta yi nasarar tserewa zuwa [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]].Ta hanyar abokan hulɗar mahaifinta, Ruth ta sami damar samun mafaka a Norway, inda ta isa ta jirgin kasa a ranar 30 ga Janairu 1939. An zaunar da ita na ɗan lokaci tare da dangin Norway. Ta zama gwanin yaren Yaren mutanen Norway a cikin shekara guda, ta kammala jarrabawar artium, kuma ta yi abota da mawaƙin nan gaba Gunvor Hofmo a sansanin aikin sa kai a Biri . Su biyun sun zama ma'aurata, sun sami masauki da aiki a wurare daban-daban a Norway. == Model ga sculptor Gustav Vigeland == ==Manazarta== en93kye84t2hi3odulmhiuoxz72u3kf 0 52520 549284 547402 2024-12-01T01:22:52Z Usman nura 29568 Sunan gari 549284 wikitext text/x-wiki === RUWAN GODIYA District: === {{Databox}} {{Ruwan godiya}}[[Fayil:Katsina State Nigeria.png|thumb|Ruwan godiya,katsina state Nigeria ]] [[Fayil:Ruwan godiya.jpg|alt=Town|thumb|Ruwan godiya]] == '''Ruwan godiya''' garine dake a karamar hukumar [[funtua]] daga shekarar 1976. kafin a yanki karamar hukumar faskari, Wanda daga baya aka yanki karamar hukumar [[faskari]] a shekarar 1989 ruwan godiya ta kasance cikin yankin faskari har zuwa wanna lokaci. Iyakoki: yankin ruwan godiya yayi iyaka da yankin karamar hukumar bakori daga gabas:guga da kakumi ward a gabas da arewa maso gabas.bangaren kudu:tafoki da daudawa ward,bangaren yamma:sheme da yankara ward,bangaren arewa:'yan malamai ward duk a yankin faskari lga.albabarkatu: _{'''arzikin ruwan godiya'''} <ref>Arziki</ref>ruwan godiya nada tarin [[Arziƙi|arziki]]:[[noma]] na daya daga cikin abin alfahari na al'ummar wannan yankin.[[kiwo]] na daya daga cikin arziki na wannan yanki.[[kasuwanci]] abin dogarone ga al'ummar wannan gari.[[ilimi]] na addini da na zamani al'ummar wannan gari suna da shi,da aiki da shi. [[Arziƙi|ARZKI]]<nowiki/>n ruwan godiya noma,kiwo,kasuwanci dama sawransu. [[sarauta]] abuce me dadadden tarihi a dunia.haka ruwan godiya na da dadaddar sarauta. [[addini]] al'ummar garin ruwan godiya da yankunan ta suna da addinin da suke bi,wanda mafi yawan su suna bin addinin [[Musulunci]] ne. == l6ewf832hh7hchrrd0umaprvh7icbw4 0 53392 549379 483200 2024-12-01T08:36:13Z BnHamid 12586 +databox 549379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 3-Series E36-2C 02 China 2015-04-18.jpg|thumb|300px|right|BMW 3 Series E36 2C 2015]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 Series Cabriolet E36 (5012383121).jpg|thumb|BMW E36 3]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 Series E36.png|thumb|BMW E36 3 Series]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 Series Pick Up E36 (6652869621).jpg|thumb|BMW E36 3 Series pick up]] [[Fayil:Dave's BMW E36 318i Convertible.jpg|thumb|Budaddiyan BMW E36 3 Series]] [[Fayil:BMW-E36-sedan.jpg|thumb|farar BMW E36 3 Series]] The BMW E36 3 Series, samar daga 1990 zuwa 2000, shi ne ƙarni na uku na BMW ta wurin hutawa m mota. Ya yi nasara da E30 kuma ya kawo ci gaba mai mahimmanci a ƙira, injiniyanci, da fasaha. Jerin E36 3 yana samuwa a cikin nau'ikan jiki daban-daban, gami da sedan, coupe, mai iya canzawa, da wagon, yana ba da dama ga abokan ciniki. An san shi don daidaitaccen sarrafa sa, daidaitaccen tuƙi, da ƙwarewar tuƙi, E36 ya zama sananne sosai a tsakanin masu sha'awar tuƙi. Zaɓuɓɓukan injin sun bambanta daga raka'a mai silinda huɗu na tattalin arziki zuwa injunan layi-shida masu ƙarfi, gami da bambance-bambancen BMW M3 na almara tare da babban layinsa mai girma na 3.0-lita-shida, yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki. Jerin E36 3 ya kasance abin ƙaunataccen ƙira a tarihin BMW, ana godiya saboda ƙirar sa maras lokaci, kuzarin tuki, da ingantaccen ingantaccen gini. ==Manazarta== hmpi01ge5nvv299z11uwpuo2pc83j45 0 53393 549375 483018 2024-12-01T08:34:19Z BnHamid 12586 549375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:1988-1995 BMW 5 Series E34.jpg|BMW 5 Series E34 |300px|thumb|right]] [[Fayil:BMW 5 Series E34 (7200160498).jpg|thumb|BMW E34 ]] The BMW E34 5 Series, wanda aka samar daga 1988 zuwa 1996, ta yi alama ƙarni na huɗu na BMW's midsize alatu sedan jeri. A matsayin magajin E28, E34 ya gabatar da ingantaccen ƙira mai kyau yayin da yake ci gaba da yin suna na BMW don ƙwararren injiniya. Jerin E34 5 ya ba da kwanciyar hankali da jin daɗi na ciki, ya haɗa da kayan inganci masu inganci da fasahar yankan don lokacin sa. Ƙarƙashin kaho, masu siye za su iya zaɓar daga injuna iri-iri, kama daga ingantattun raka'a-hudu da na layi-shida zuwa V8 mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙirar 540i. Tare da haɗe-haɗe na aikin sa, ta'aziyya, da haɓaka, E34 5 Series ya yi kira ga masu zartarwa da masu sha'awar sha'awa iri ɗaya, tare da tabbatar da matsayin BMW a matsayin jagora a ɓangaren motar alatu. ==Manazarta== 63murzv73p0hjrzhgmpqaahup9at7n2 0 53394 549383 282086 2024-12-01T08:39:16Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 549383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 5 SERIES (E39) China.jpg|BMW_5_SERIES_(E39)_China|300px|right]] BMW E39 5 Series, wanda aka samar daga 1995 zuwa 2003, ya wakilci ƙarni na biyar na BMW's midsize alatu sedan jeri. Gina kan nasarar magabata, E39 ya haifar da ƙira mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya haɗa fitilun fitillu na musamman, jiki mai kyan gani, da silhouette maras lokaci. A cikin gidan, an yi wa mazauna cikin gida mai daɗaɗɗa da ergonomically ƙera, wanda ke ɗauke da kayan ƙima da ɗimbin abubuwa na ci gaba. Jerin E39 5 ya ba da zaɓin injin da yawa, gami da injunan layi guda shida masu inganci mai ƙarfi, V8s masu ƙarfi, da bambance-bambancen flagship M5 tare da ingin V8 mai girma. Shahararru don ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfin tuƙi na musamman, ingantaccen ingancin tafiya, da fasaha mai ƙima, E39 5 Series ya kafa sabbin ka'idoji a cikin ɓangaren sedan na alatu, yana barin gado mai ɗorewa a tarihin BMW. ==Manazarta== m9kr7dnp0g908bthvl1btx9g46iu7wt 0 53395 549384 483338 2024-12-01T08:39:50Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 549384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 3 SERIES (E46) China.jpg|BMW 3 SERIES E46|300px|right]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 SERIES COUPE (E46) China.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 SERIES (E46) China (2).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:BMW E46 2x.JPG|thumb|BMW E46 3 ajere]] [[Fayil:BMW 3 Series Touring E46 (14082716168).jpg|thumb|BMW E46 3 Series ]] [[Fayil:BMW E46 3 Series white.jpg|thumb|Farar BMW E46 3 Series]] BMW E46 3 Series, kerarre daga 1998 zuwa 2006, wakiltar ƙarni na hudu na BMW ta shahararriyar m mota. E46 da aka gina akan nasarar E36, yana ƙara inganta ƙira da abubuwan aiki. Tare da layukan sa na sumul, kaho mai tsayi, da gasasshen koda mai ƙarfi, E46 ya nuna ma'anar wasanni da ƙayatarwa. Ciki yana ba da shimfidar ergonomic da direba-centric, wanda ya haɗa da kayan inganci da fasaha na zamani. Jerin E46 3 ya ƙunshi zaɓin injuna da yawa, yana ba da zaɓin ayyuka daban-daban da buƙatun ingancin mai. Musamman ma, E46 M3 ya zama alama a tsakanin masu sha'awar wasan kwaikwayon, sanye take da injunan layi-shida mai haɓakawa wanda ke ba da iko na musamman da ƙarfin sarrafawa. Jerin E46 3 ya kasance abin da aka fi so tsakanin BMW aficionados, wanda aka yi bikin saboda ƙwarewar tuƙi da kuma roƙo mai dorewa. ==Manazarta== 6ltjnw3j6ghqnw9mccayaob64q01sk3 0 53397 549381 499387 2024-12-01T08:37:46Z BnHamid 12586 +databox 549381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 7-Series E38 iL 02 China 2018-03-26.jpg|BMW_7-Series_E38_iL_02_China_2018-03-26|right|300px]] [[Fayil:BMW 7 Series E38 (8159683405).jpg|thumb|BMW E38 7 Series]] [[Fayil:Dülmen, Kirchspiel, Börnste, BMW Mini -- 2019 -- 7207-13.jpg|thumb|bmw e]] [[Fayil:BMW E28 520i JM 1707.jpg|thumb|bmw e]] The BMW E38 7 Series, samar daga 1994 zuwa 2001, wakiltar ƙarni na uku na BMW ta flagship alatu sedan jeri. E38 ya nuna himmar BMW ga alatu, fasaha, da ƙirƙira. Yana alfahari da wani tsayin daka na musamman, layuka masu kyau, da nagartaccen bayani, E38 ya nuna farin ciki na kasancewar zartarwa. Ciki ya kasance haɗuwa da wadata da zamani, yana nuna kayan aiki masu inganci, tsarin lantarki na ci gaba, da kwanciyar hankali maras misaltuwa. Jerin E38 7 ya ba da kewayon zaɓin injin, gami da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na V8 da V12 don waɗanda ke neman aiki mara ƙarfi. Fasalolin fasaha na majagaba kamar kewayawa tauraron dan adam, fitilolin mota masu daidaitawa, da sarrafa kwanciyar hankali na lantarki sun sanya E38 ya zama jagora na gaskiya a cikin sashin sedan na alatu. Ana girmama shi don haɗuwa da ta'aziyya, aiki, da fasali mai mahimmanci, E38 ya kasance alamar alatu na mota da gyare-gyare. ==Manazarta== dampsciy6aj0a695hlpv2vi6ij2j588 0 53398 549374 483325 2024-12-01T08:33:53Z BnHamid 12586 549374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Silver BMW E31 8 series coupé.jpg|Silver_BMW_E31_8_series_coupé|right|300px]] [[Fayil:1995 BMW E31 8 Series Coupe (46138484524).jpg|thumb|BMW E31 8 Series]] [[Fayil:BMW 6 And 8 Series (14311189172).jpg|thumb|BMW E31 8 Series kakkyawan]] [[Fayil:BMW 8-Series (50571167707).jpg|thumb|Bakar BMW E31 8 Series]] BMW E31 8 Series, wanda aka samar daga 1989 zuwa 1999, ya kasance babban ƙwaƙƙwaran yawon shakatawa wanda ya misalta himmar BMW don haɗa babban aiki tare da alatu da salo. An gabatar da shi azaman ƙirar ƙira, E31 ya nuna ƙirar ƙira mai kyau da iska mai ƙarfi, yana nuna fitilun fitillu da ƙarancin ƙima. A ciki, E31 ya ba da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ciki da naɗaɗɗen ciki, yana haɗa kayan ƙima tare da fasahar zamani. Ƙarƙashin kaho, E31 8 Series yana samuwa tare da kewayon injuna masu ƙarfi, gami da ƙaƙƙarfan 5.0-lita V12, yana ba da aiki mai ban sha'awa da damar yin balaguro mara ƙarfi. E31 8 Series ya kafa sabon ma'auni don BMW cikin sharuddan alatu da aiki, kuma yayin da yake da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ayyukan samarwa, ya kasance babban abin nema-bayan kuma mai karɓuwa a yau. ==Manazarta== 6z8oauemz1uenwjq5gjte566emyghrs 0 53402 549380 496581 2024-12-01T08:37:00Z BnHamid 12586 549380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Fassara}} [[File:BMW M3 E36 purple.jpg|BMW_M3_E36_purple|right|thumb|300px]] [[Fayil:Action Day Renntaxi Drift BMW M3 mod-3907.jpg|thumb|BMW E36 M3 Yanda take juyawa in ana wasa dasu]] [[Fayil:BMW M3 Evo E36 Convertible - Flickr - The Car Spy (1).jpg|thumb|Injin BMW E36 M3]] BMW E36 M3, manufactured from 1992 to 1999, was the second generation of the M3 series, known for its exceptional performance and versatility. Sharing the platform with the E36 3 Series, the M3 variant showcased distinctive body modifications, including flared fenders, aerodynamic mirrors, and exclusive M badging. The E36 M3 offered multiple engine options over its production run, including a 3.0-liter inline-six engine and a 3.2-liter variant for later models. Renowned for its balanced handling and precise steering, the E36 M3 provided a thrilling driving experience both on the track and on everyday roads. With its combination of performance, practicality, and style, the E36 M3 found favor among driving enthusiasts seeking a high-performance sports car with daily usability. ==Manazarta== gd8z2shebfy5pfodr0my5eno8xhsif0 0 53405 549376 282119 2024-12-01T08:34:46Z BnHamid 12586 549376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW M5 3.8 E34 (8517447471).jpg|BMW_M5_3.8_E34_(8517447471)|right|300px|thumb]] BMW E39 M5, wanda aka kera daga 1998 zuwa 2003, ya wakilci kololuwar jeri na E39 5, wanda ke nuna jajircewar BMW na samar da sedan na alatu mai inganci. An bambanta shi da fasikacin gabanta na gaba, wuraren shaye-shaye na quad, da keɓaɓɓen ƙafafun M-takamaiman, E39 M5 ya nuna babban gaban. Ciki yana ba da haɗaka na wasanni da alatu, yana nuna kujerun tallafi, kayan ƙima, da sabbin ci gaban fasaha. Zuciyar E39 M5 ita ce injin sa na V8 mai nauyin lita 4.9, yana ba da ƙarfin dawakai mai ban sha'awa da bayanin kula mai fitar da kashin baya. An sanye shi da madaidaicin akwatin gear mai sauri guda shida, E39 M5 ya ba da ƙwarewar tuƙi mai jan hankali, yana ba da saurin ƙyalli da kulawa na musamman don abin hawa mai girmansa. An girmama shi azaman babban sedan da ma'auni don aikin alatu, E39 M5 ya kasance abin ƙima a tsakanin masu sha'awar BMW. ==Manazarta== ix6f1s3y5ivhclmk8t5ntvy9fplmbrm 0 53406 549372 534589 2024-12-01T08:32:34Z BnHamid 12586 549372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW E31 840Ci and 850CSi crop.jpg|BMW_E31_840Ci_and_850CSi_crop|right|300px|thumb]] [[Fayil:BMW 850i E31 - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot Crop.jpg|thumb|BMW E31 850CSi]] BMW E31 850CSi, kerarre daga 1992 zuwa 1996, shi ne babban-yi version na E31 8 Series grand yawon shakatawa<ref>https://www.bmw-m.com/en/topics/magazine-article-pool/bmw-850-csi-e31.html</ref>. Injiniya ta BMW's M division, 850CSi yana nuna ingantaccen aiki da keɓancewa akan daidaitattun takwarorinsa. Wanda aka bambanta ta aikin gyaran jikin sa, keɓaɓɓen ƙafafu, da keɓaɓɓen grille na gaba, 850Ci ya nuna kasancewar umarni. Cikin ciki ya nuna yanayi mai ban sha'awa, yana ba da haɗin kai da jin dadi da wasanni tare da kujerun tallafi da kayan ƙima. Ƙaddamar da 850CSi ya kasance babban injin 5.6-lita V12, yana alfahari da ƙarfin dawakai mai ban sha'awa da adadi mai ƙarfi. Watsawa mai saurin gudu shida ta ƙara jaddada yanayin aikin motar, yana ba da damar tuƙi mai ruhi da daidaitaccen iko. E31 850Ci ya kasance keɓantaccen samfurin da ake nema, wanda ake girmamawa don injin sa mai ƙarfi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira, da ƙarancin samarwa. ==Manazarta== edbvadf7saowz995kp62pk3chg5q24a 0 53409 549378 282130 2024-12-01T08:35:36Z BnHamid 12586 549378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 328i E36 (14084169614).jpg|BMW_328i_E36_(14084169614)|300px|right]] The BMW E36 328i, kerarre daga 1995 zuwa 2000, ya kasance wani babba-mataki model a cikin E36 3 Series kewayon, miƙa wani saje na yi da alatu. Tare da ƙarancin ƙira da ingantaccen ƙira, 328i ya haɗu da abubuwan salo na BMW na yau da kullun tare da taɓawa na zamani. A ciki, 328i ya fito da ingantaccen naɗaɗɗen ciki, yana nuna kayan ƙima da shimfidar tuƙi. A karkashin hular, 328i an sanye shi da injuna mai ƙarfi na 2.8-lita-shida, yana ba da isasshen iko don ƙwarewar tuƙi na wasanni. E36 328i yana ba da ma'auni na ta'aziyya da aiki, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga waɗanda ke neman haɓakawa daga daidaitattun samfura ba tare da shiga cikin yanki mai girma ba. Ƙwaƙwalwar sa da yanayin da ya dace ya ba E36 328i damar yin kira ga ɗimbin masu sha'awar BMW da masu siyan mota na alfarma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 0whfwbys0qjo2q8jss4fzt9slurbyk5 0 53410 549382 495002 2024-12-01T08:38:44Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 549382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:BMW 540i E39 (5712935122).jpg|BMW_540i_E39_(5712935122)|right|300px]] [[Fayil:BMW E28 520i JM 1707.jpg|thumb|bmw e]] BMW E39 540i, Wanda aka samar daga 1996 zuwa 2003, ya kasance babban tsari na E39 5 Series, wanda ke ba masu sha'awar tuki da waɗanda ke neman manyan matakan iko da alatu. Tare da ingantacciyar ƙira da sa hannu na gasa koda, E39 540i ya haskaka ma'anar ladabi da sophistication. A ciki, 540i ya ba da gida mai ban sha'awa da gayyata, an ƙawata shi da kayan ƙima da fasaha mai ƙima. Karkashin kaho, E39 540i yana aiki da injin V8 mai ƙarfi 4.4-lita, yana ba da umarni da ƙarfin dawakai da adadi mai ƙarfi. Haɗe tare da santsi kuma mai saurin watsawa ta atomatik ko akwatin kayan aiki na zaɓi, 540i yana ba da ƙwarewar tuƙi mai ƙarfi da kuzari. E39 540i ya misalta cikakkiyar ma'auni tsakanin ta'aziyya da yin aiki, tare da haɗa gyare-gyaren da ake tsammani daga motar alatu tare da sha'awar tuki da ke hade da babban aikin BMW. ==Manazarta== g01w4dfryb2n7oseebwbjobizkgr3mp 0 53411 549377 482806 2024-12-01T08:35:14Z BnHamid 12586 549377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:1996-1998 BMW 323i (E36) sedan 01.jpg|1996-1998_BMW_323i_(E36)_sedan_01|right|300px]] [[Fayil:'97-'99 BMW 323i Convertible E36 (Hudson).JPG|thumb|Mai budaddiyar kofa]] BMW E36 323i, wanda aka ƙera daga 1995 zuwa 2000, ya kasance ƙirar tsaka-tsaki a cikin jeri na E36 3, yana ba da fakitin aiki da kwanciyar hankali. Tare da ƙirar sa maras lokaci da kyan gani, 323i ya nuna himmar BMW ga alatu da ba a bayyana ba. A ciki, 323i ya ƙunshi wani tsari mai kyau da kuma ergonomic ciki, yana ba da wuri mai dadi da gayyata ga mazauna. Ƙaddamar da E36 323i ya kasance mai santsi kuma ingantaccen injin layi-shida na 2.5-lita, yana ba da haɗin wutar lantarki da ingantaccen mai. E36 323i ya ba da ingantaccen ƙwarewar tuki mai daɗi, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi ga waɗanda ke neman ƙwarewar tuƙi mai ƙima ba tare da ƙarin aikin ƙirar ƙira ba. Ƙaƙƙarfansa da roko mai dorewa sun ƙarfafa E36 323i a matsayin abin ƙaunataccen abin ƙima a tarihin BMW. ==Manazarta== gysbznteylxfknr9o0zmcu0id1zmihu 0 54943 549340 289771 2024-12-01T07:54:42Z Maryamarh 29382 549340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Safietou Sagna''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1994),ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa ta Bourges Foot 18 kuma shi ne kyaftin ɗin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Senegal|tawagar mata ta Senegal]] . == Aikin kulob == Sagna ya taka leda a Casa Sports, Lycée Ameth Fall da US Parcelles Assainies a Senegal. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sagna ta buga wa Senegal wasa a babban matakin gasar cin kofin mata na Afirka ta shekarar 2012 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == *   {{Senegal squad 2012 African Women's Championship}}{{Senegal squad 2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] iyhad4x1igejwovkr4ajf790v9ulcd6 0 55657 549418 502767 2024-12-01T11:57:07Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Spanish pre-match preparations - Japan vs. Spain, 2024 Summer Olympic men's association football, 2024-08-02.jpg|thumb|Lofez a wasansi da jafan]] '''Fermín López Marín'''<ref>https://www.goal.com/en-ng/lists/fermin-lopez-barcelona-young-star-whole-package/blt848b823ea7cad891</ref> (an haife shi ranar 11 ga watan Mayu,Shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3610338/fermin-lopez-explodes-onto-the-clasico-stage</ref><ref>https://www.football-espana.net/2023/07/30/who-is-fermin-lopez-barcelonas-20-year-old-el-clasico-sensation</ref> Fermín ya fara buga kwallon kafa tare da kungiyar din El Campillo na gida,<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2023/07/30/newest-fc-barcelona-star-fermin-lopez-could-leave-club-for-free-after-stunning-cameo-in-el-clasico/?sh=24ab205e2e4e</ref> kuma ya bi shi tare da zama a Recreativo Huelva kafin ya koma kungiayr Real Betis a shekarar ta 2012.A lokacin rani na shekarar ta 2016 ne, ya koma makarantar matasa na kungiyar kwallon kafan Barcelona. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta a shekarata 2022 ne, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru tare da kungiyar Barcelona Atlètic na tsawon shekaru biyu har zuwa shekarar 2024, kuma nan da nan ya tafi rance tare da Linares Deportivo a cikin Primera Federación na kakar 2022-23. Bayan da ya yi aiki mai karfi a horo tare da kungiyar Barcelona kafin preseason, an kira shi zuwa ga manyan 'yan wasan preseason a watan Yulin shekarar 2023. Ya sami karɓuwa na kasa da kasa bayan da ya yi rawar gani ga kungiyar tasa ta Barcelona a wasan sada zumunta da suka ci 3-0 a kan abokan hamayyarsu Real Madrid. Wanda aka buga a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli a shekarata 2023. Bayan wasan, Xavi ya tabbatar da cewa Fermín zai ci gaba da zama tare da babbar kungiyarsu don kakar 2023-24. == Tsarin Wasanshi == Fermín ɗan wasan tsakiya ne mai kuzari, mai ƙafar ƙafar hagu, wanda kuma yana da damar itama a fagen taka leda sannan ya kasance matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari da winger. Ya ƙware a fasaha, yana da matuƙar motsi daga ƙwallon, ƙware wajen yin amfani da sararin samaniya, kuma yana da ƙwazo da maƙasudi da taimako. == Hotuna == <gallery> </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2003]] l7e4qco2f3fukpy8vus06kf80qryh8y 0 55880 549301 535207 2024-12-01T07:08:25Z Saudarh2 14842 549301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nico Gonzalez (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nico González]] '''Nicolás González Iglesias'''<ref>https://www.whoscored.com/Players/422939/Show/Nico-González</ref> (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2002)<ref>https://www.whoscored.com/Players/422939/Show/Nico-González</ref>, wani lokaci ana kiransa kawai Nico, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta kasar Portugal wato fc Porto.<ref>https://www.footballtransfers.com/en/players/nicolas-gonzalez-iglesias</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/nico-gonzalez_prs599638/person.shtml</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Barcelona''' An haifi Nico ne a A Coruña, Galicia, kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Montañeros na gida yana da shekaru bakwai kacal. A cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 2012 ne, ya amince ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barcelona , tasiri kamar na gaba Yuli. A ranar 19 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2019, yana ɗan shekara 17 kawai, Nico ya fara halarta na farko don ajiyar kuɗi, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Kike Saverio a cikin 2 – 1 Segunda División B rashin nasara da Castellón. A cikin 2020– 21 kakar, da farko ya kasance memba na Juvenil A kafin ya fara nunawa akai-akai don ƙungiyar B daga watan Nuwamba a 2020 zuwa gaba. A ranar 12 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2021, Nico ya sabunta kwantiraginsa har zuwa shekarar 2024, tare da batun siyan Yuro miliyan 500. Bayan da ya fito a cikin babban qungiyar a lokacin kakar wasa, ya sanya tawagarsa ta farko - da La Liga - na farko a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, ya maye gurbin Sergio Busquets a wasan farko na 2021 – 22 La Liga kakar, 4 – 2 nasara akan Real Sociedad.Nico ya zira kwallonsa na farko na ƙwararrun a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 2021, inda ya zura mabudin a wasan da suka tashi 2–2 da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Osasuna. '''Valencia''' A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 2022, Nico ya sabunta kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2026, kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Valencia kan lamuni na aro har zuwa tsawon kaka daya. '''FC Porto''' A ranar 29 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 2023, kungiyar din Porto na Portugal ta ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Nico kan Yuro miliyan 8.5, tare da Barcelona tana da batun sake siyansa daga baya. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Nico Gonzalez (cropped).jpg|Nico </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] jxzfd0ksnl90np2h1oy7hespaudjnxr 549302 549301 2024-12-01T07:09:06Z Saudarh2 14842 549302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nico Gonzalez (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nico González]] '''Nicolás González Iglesias'''<ref>https://www.whoscored.com/Players/422939/Show/Nico-González</ref> (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2002)<ref>https://www.whoscored.com/Players/422939/Show/Nico-González</ref>, wani lokaci ana kiransa kawai Nico, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta kasar Portugal wato fc Porto.<ref>https://www.footballtransfers.com/en/players/nicolas-gonzalez-iglesias</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/nico-gonzalez_prs599638/person.shtml</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Barcelona''' An haifi Nico ne a A Coruña, Galicia, kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Montañeros na gida yana da shekaru bakwai kacal. A cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 2012 ne, ya amince ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barcelona , tasiri kamar na gaba Yuli. A ranar 19 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2019, yana ɗan shekara 17 kawai, Nico ya fara halarta na farko don ajiyar kuɗi, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Kike Saverio a cikin 2 – 1 Segunda División B rashin nasara da Castellón. A cikin shekarar 2020– 21 kakar, da farko ya kasance memba na Juvenil A kafin ya fara nunawa akai-akai don ƙungiyar B daga watan Nuwamba a 2020 zuwa gaba. A ranar 12 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2021, Nico ya sabunta kwantiraginsa har zuwa shekarar 2024, tare da batun siyan Yuro miliyan 500. Bayan da ya fito a cikin babban qungiyar a lokacin kakar wasa, ya sanya tawagarsa ta farko - da La Liga - na farko a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, ya maye gurbin Sergio Busquets a wasan farko na shekarar 2021 – 22 La Liga kakar, 4 – 2 nasara akan Real Sociedad.Nico ya zira kwallonsa na farko na ƙwararrun a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 2021, inda ya zura mabudin a wasan da suka tashi 2–2 da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Osasuna. '''Valencia''' A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 2022, Nico ya sabunta kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2026, kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Valencia kan lamuni na aro har zuwa tsawon kaka daya. '''FC Porto''' A ranar 29 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 2023, kungiyar din Porto na Portugal ta ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Nico kan Yuro miliyan 8.5, tare da Barcelona tana da batun sake siyansa daga baya. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Nico Gonzalez (cropped).jpg|Nico </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] 8ixg0kzy7ood8esg0w9ddlrpu3793gt 0 56618 549115 503002 2024-11-30T17:03:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Abdul Ghani Minhat.jpg|thumb|Hutun Abdul Ghani Minhat ]] [[Fayil:Abdul Ghani Minhat with Johan Cruyff.jpg|thumb|Abdul Ghani Minhat]] Tan Sri Datuk '''Abdul Ghani bin Minhat,''' PSM PJN AMN DSSA DIMP ( Jawi : عبدالغاني منحة; &#x200E; an [[Haile Selassie|haife]] shi a [[Wata|watan]] [[Disamba|Disambar]] [[Shekara|shikara]] 1935 - ya rasu a ranar 28 ga watan [[Satumba|Satumbar]] na shikara2012) <ref name="'Dato' Abdul Ghani Minhat">{{cite web|url=http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/553|title='Dato' Abdul Ghani Minhat|publisher=[[National Archives of Malaysia]]|accessdate=2 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229101701/http://www.arkib.gov.my/web/guest/553|archivedate=29 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/11726505964/posts/pfbid02ad8TipBVzYjfH1dy6i5U7W1zunSzGZ2Qs6zQQyHrKMzyX5CdUz5doPcCr2smtcLql/?app=fbl|publisher=[[Astro Awani]]|via= [[Facebook]]|number=11726505964|title=Peristiwa 28 September 2012|lang=Malay|access-date=28 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711093030/https://www.facebook.com/11726505964/posts/pfbid02ad8TipBVzYjfH1dy6i5U7W1zunSzGZ2Qs6zQQyHrKMzyX5CdUz5doPcCr2smtcLql/?app=fbl|archive-date=11 July 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya wakilci ƙungiyar Selangor FA da Negeri Sembilan FA a cikin shekarun 1950 har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1960s. Ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba da winger yayin da yake wakiltar Malaya da Malaysia . An san shi da Raja Bola<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2cda016055da633b/original/ia8yz6l83vasbn9j7geb-pdf.pdf|title=63rd FIFA Congress 2013 - In Memoriam|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=1 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107075506/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2cda016055da633b/original/ia8yz6l83vasbn9j7geb-pdf.pdf|archivedate=7 January 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> ( Malay for King of ball) kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Malaysia.<ref name="The King of Football">{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org.my:80/museum/hof/ind/dhagm.htm|title= "The King of Football", Dato' Hj Abd Ghani Minhat|publisher=OCM Sport Museum & Hall of fame at [[Wayback Machine]]|year=2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111027233038/http://www.olympic.org.my:80/museum/hof/ind/dhagm.htm|accessdate=27 October 2011|archive-date= 27 October 2011}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Tan Sri Datuk Abdul Ghani Minhat a ranar 23 ga watan Disambar shekarar 1935 a [[:ms:Kampung Solok, Rantau|Kampung Solok]], Rantau, Negeri Sembilan .<ref name="early life">{{cite web|url=https://bebasnews.my/2018/12/14/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|title=Ghani Minhat: Raja Bola Malaya|language=Malay|publisher=Bebas News|accessdate=18 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218162009/https://bebasnews.my/2018/12/14/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|archivedate=18 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya Abdul Ghani ya halarci makarantar Gimbiya Road School (yanzu Sekolah Kebangsaan Jalan Raja Muda) yana ɗan shekara 10 a shekara ta 1945. <ref name="early life">{{cite web|url=https://bebasnews.my/2018/12/14/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|title=Ghani Minhat: Raja Bola Malaya|language=Malay|publisher=Bebas News|accessdate=18 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218162009/https://bebasnews.my/2018/12/14/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|archivedate=18 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya wakilci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar kuma ya taka leda sosai. Bayan shekaru biyu, Abdul Ghani ya halarci Sekolah St. John's Kuala Lumpur kuma ya ci gaba da taka leda a ƙungiyar makaranta. A cikin shekarar 1951, jami'an 'yan sanda na gida sun gano gwanintarsa wanda daga bisani suka ba shi takalman ƙwallon ƙafa na farko. A wancan lokacin, ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kaɗai ke iya samun takalmin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda yana da tsada sosai a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17, daga baya jami'an 'yan sanda sun gano hazaƙarsa waɗanda daga baya suka gayyaci Abdul Ghani ya buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan sanda a gasar Selangor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia/20120929/284283887272759|title= Goalscorer Supreme|via=[[PressReader]]|accessdate=29 September 2012}}</ref> An nemi ya taka leda a ɓangaren hagu, duk da cewa yana da ƙafar dama. Ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen bunƙasa fasahar ƙafar hagu. A cikin shekarar 1955, an zaɓi Abdul Ghani don buga wasa tare da Selangor FA a ƙoƙarinsu na lashe kofin HMS Malaya a karon farko cikin shekaru 6. Selangor ya kara da Singapore a gasar cin kofin Malaya a shekarar 1956. <ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay56.html Malaysia 1956 - RSSSF]</ref> Abdul Ghani ya taimakawa Selangor ta doke Singapore da ci 2-1 ta hanyar zura ƙwallo a ragar Selangor. Abokan wasansa sun yaba da kwazonsa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wasan, kocin ƙasar Neoh Boon Hean ya kira shi don ya wakilci tawagar ƙasar Malaya a wasan sada zumunci da Cambodia . Abdul Ghani ya ci gaba da taka leda a Selangor tsawon shekaru kuma an ɗauki Selangor a matsayin kulob mafi kyau a Malaya mai suna The Red Giants. Abdul Ghani, tare da M. Chandran, Stanley Gabrielle, Robert Choe da Arthur Koh, Selangor ya kasance mai ƙarfi da tsoro a duk faɗin [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da Singapore. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya fi dacewa da shi an aika shi a kan abubuwan da aka makala don samun ƙwarewa da kuma samun horo mafi kyau ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa a Ingila ( West Ham United, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], Spurs ), Wales ( Cardiff City ) da Jamus ( Eintracht Frankfurt ) a 1962.<ref name="The King of Football">{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org.my:80/museum/hof/ind/dhagm.htm|title= "The King of Football", Dato' Hj Abd Ghani Minhat|publisher=OCM Sport Museum & Hall of fame at [[Wayback Machine]]|year=2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111027233038/http://www.olympic.org.my:80/museum/hof/ind/dhagm.htm|accessdate=27 October 2011|archive-date= 27 October 2011}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1967, Abdul Ghani ya taimaka wa Selangor don samun cancantar shiga gasar zakarun kulob na Asiya na shekarar 1967 . Sun yi nasarar zuwa wasan ƙarshe ne bayan da suka doke ƙungiyar Tungsten Mining FC ta [[Koriya ta Kudu]] . Kulob ɗin Hapoel Tel Aviv na Isra'ila ya yi nasarar doke Selangor ta hanyar lallasa ɓangaren Abdul Ghani da ci 2-1 a [[Bangkok]] . <ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup67.html#cc Champion Teams' Cup 1967 - RSSSF]</ref> Koyaya, Selangor ya yaba da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Malaysia ta kasancewa ƙungiyar farko da ta cancanci zuwa wasan ƙarshe a gasar zakarun kulob na Asiya . Abdul Ghani ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekara ta 1968 tare da wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin Malaysia na shekarar 1968 ya kasance wasan ƙarshe na Abdul Ghani a ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isportsasia.com/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|title=GHANI MINHAT: RAJA BOLA MALAYA|language=Malay|publisher=i sports Asia|accessdate=22 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222063202/https://www.isportsasia.com/ghani-minhat-raja-bola-malaya/|archivedate=22 December 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Selangor ta samu nasara da ci 8-1. <ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay68.html Malaysia 1968 - RSSSF]</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na maza masu kwallaye 50 ko fiye na kasa da kasa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100603224800/http://www.olympic.org.my/museum/hof/ind/dhagm.htm Hall of Fame = Dato' Hj Abd Ghani Minhat] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926191231/http://www.arkib.gov.my/ghani_minhat Arkib Negara – Dato' Abdul Ghani Minhat] [[Category:Matattun 2012]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1935]] ciaek09mi01npnu2t5zp7osvn1is7lr 0 56915 549117 436948 2024-11-30T17:21:41Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gari ne da yake a Yankin Purnia dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a kasar indiya. Akidayar shekarar ta 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 30,421. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 40ee89yclfqh3sfp0n8i3elogtno4f1 0 57137 549188 342168 2024-11-30T21:11:41Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 549188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Aiimspatnamain.png|thumb|Phulwari Sharif]] Gari ne da yake a Yankin Patna dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a kasar indiya. Akidayar shekarar 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 81,740. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 8yji4vkoic1jjg8xbzakzeuw1yd45y3 0 59694 549298 492153 2024-12-01T07:07:08Z Saudarh2 14842 549298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Álex Baena 2019.jpg|thumb|Álex Baena]] '''Alejandro "Álex" Baena Rodríguez'''<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lex_Baena</ref> (an haife shi ne a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 2001)<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/alex-baena/profil/spieler/548111</ref> ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe na hagu ko kuma mai kai hari ga ƙungiyar La Liga ta Villarreal da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain.<ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/518f2234/Alex-Baena</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Baena a Roquetas de Mar, Almería, Andalusia, kuma ya shiga tsarin matasa na Villarreal CF a cikin shekarar 2011, daga CD Roquetas. Ya yi babban wasansa na farko tare da C-team a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2018, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin rabin na biyu a wasan da ci 2 – 0 Tercera División na gida da UD Rayo Ibense.<ref>https://www.barcablaugranes.com/platform/amp/2023/9/12/23869752/xavi-still-keen-to-bring-alex-baena-to-barcelona</ref> Gabanin lokacin 2019 – 20, an sanya Baena zuwa ga ajiyar a cikin Segunda División B, kuma ya fara halarta a gefe a kan 14 Satumba 2019 ta hanyar farawa a cikin nasara 3 – 0 a UE Llagostera.A ranar 13 ga Yuli na shekara mai zuwa, ya sanya tawagarsa ta farko - da La Liga - na farko, ya maye gurbin abokin karatunsa na matasa Manu Trigueros a cikin rashin nasara na gida 1-2 da Real Sociedad.<ref>https://www.herald.ng/transfer-news-barcelona-eyes-villarreal-midfielder-alex-baena/</ref> Baena ya ci kwallonsa ta farko ta kwararru a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwanba,Shekara ta 2020, inda ya zura kwallo ta uku a wasan da ci 4-0 na UEFA Europa League na Maccabi Tel Aviv FC. Bayan kwana bakwai, ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2025. A ranar 19 ga Agusta 2021, Baena ya koma kungiyar Segunda División Girona FC kan yarjejeniyar lamuni na shekara guda.Ya koma Submarine na Yellow bayan ya zama dan wasa a cikin tallan Catalans, kuma ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Real Valladolid da ci 3-0 a waje a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2022. A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, Shekarar 2022, Baena da abokin wasansa Nicolas Jackson sun sami cikakkiyar haɓaka zuwa babban ƙungiyar. == Sana'ar Kasa == Baena ya wakilci Spain a shekarun 16, under-17, under-18, under-19 da under-20 matakan, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 2018 UEFA European Championship Under-17. [[Fayil:Spanish pre-match preparations - Japan vs. Spain, 2024 Summer Olympic men's association football, 2024-08-02.jpg|thumb|Álex Baena a cikin yan wasa ]] A cikin watan Agusta a shekarar 2023, Baena ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa babban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain ta babban koci Luis de la Fuente, don wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro 2024 na UEFA da Georgia da Cyprus. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] klaux5hdxmw7s1ayukmb8c8o8egepfv 0 59786 549104 474166 2024-11-30T16:48:16Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} [[Fayil:Lightning cloud to cloud (aka).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Global tropical cyclone tracks-edit2.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Stormy weather Vezere river Dordogne.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Generation III Extended Cold Weather Clothing System.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Show Your Stripes change in temperature graphic for All of Uganda with bars.png|thumb|Chanjin yanayi]] chanjin yanayi wani Abu ne dake faruwa bayan lokaci zuwa lokaci mai tsayi wanda adadinsa zai iyya kaiwa shekara 36-37 Wanda sakamakon hakan yakan kawo sauye sauye a cikin kasa dakuma duniya baki data. Chanjin yanayi yakan sa dumamar yanayi ko rashin ruwan sama ko kuma rashi da kuma bacewa na wash kalar tsirai hakan yana faruwa duba da yawan anfani da abubuwan da sukr haifar da gurbataccen hayyaki da has Wanda sukewa sarararun samaniya banna. Za a iyya Samar da hangar rage.chanjin yanayi ta rage ywayan anfani da man fetur da kalanzir da kuma sauransu == Manazarta == 1-Matthews, J.B. Robin; Möller, Vincent; van Diemen, Renée; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Masson-Delmotte, Valérie; Méndez, Carlos; Semenov, Sergey; Reisinger, Andy (2021). "Annex VII. Glossary: IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" (PDF). ''IPCC Sixth Assessment Report''. p. 2222. Archived (PDF)from the original on 2022-06-05. Retrieved 2022-05-18. ou60w3co2yw6lxno17623nrs509uf90 0 62521 549112 528562 2024-11-30T16:57:15Z Maryamarh 29382 549112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shahara''' ( {{Lang-ar|شهارة}} {{Transl|ar|Shahārah}} ),ƙauye ne a saman dutse, kuma wurin zama na [[Gundumar Shaharah|gundumar Shahara]] na [['Amran Governorate|lardin Amran]] a [[Yemen|ƙasar Yemen]]. Ƙauyen yana da nisan mita 2,600 kuma yana kallon tsaunin tsaunuka zuwa kudanci. <ref name="WalkerButler2010"/> Ƙauyen yana a saman wani dutse mai suna <nowiki>''Jabal Shahara''</nowiki><ref name="Mackintosh-Smith2011">{{cite book|last=Mackintosh-Smith|first=Tim|title=Yemen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bC9SS5-1wWgC&pg=PT92|accessdate=13 April 2012|date=8 December 2011|publisher=John Murray|isbn=978-1-84854-696-7|page=92}}</ref> wanda shi ne tsiron [[Jabal al-Ahnum]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert T.O. |title=Gazetteer of Historical North-West Yemen |date=1989 |publisher=Georg Olms AG |location=Germany |page=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnMrAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> Ƙauyen ya ƙunshi tsofaffin gidaje na dutse da kuma rijiya. An lura da yankin don gadar Dutsuna a ƙasa, wanda wani ubangidan gida ne ya gina shi a ƙarni na 17 don haɗa ƙauyuka biyu a kan wani kwazazzabo mai zurfi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/yemen/sights/bridge|title=Bridge|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="WalkerButler2010">{{cite book|last1=Walker|first1=Jenny|last2=Butler|first2=Stuart|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781741791457|url-access=registration|accessdate=13 April 2012|date=1 October 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781741791457/page/464 464]}}</ref> Ko da yake a tarihi yankin [[Hashid]], Shahara da al-Ahnum a yau yankin [[Bakil]] ne.<ref name="Smith 1997">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=G.R. |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C.E. |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W.P. |editor4-last=Lecomte |editor4-first=G. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10422-4 |page=201 |url=https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf |access-date=13 June 2022 |chapter=SHAHĀRA}}</ref> Shahara tana da kofofi uku: Bab al-Nahr, Bab al-Nasr, da Bab al-Saraw.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Babban sansanin tarihi na Shaharat al-Fish yana gabas.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Ana kuma kiran garin da sunan: Shaharat al-Ra's saboda wurin da yake acan kolin dutsen.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> == Tarihi == Garin naɗs alaƙa da sarkin jahiliyya [[Abu Karib|As'ad al-Kamil]].<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Amir Zul-Sharafayn Muhammad bn Ja'afar ɗan limamin al-Qasim bn Ali al-Ayyani (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1085) ya mai da Shahara a matsayin babban birninsa, daga baya kuma aka binne shi a nan.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Garin a tarihi ana kiransa da Shaharat al-Amir bayansa.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Wani tsohon sunan garin shine Mi'attiq.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Marubucin ƙarni na 10 [[Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani|al-Hamdani]] ya ambato Shahara a matsayin dutse da kagara, kuma ya bayyana a madogaran tarihi a tsawon tsakiyar zamanai da farkon zamani.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> A tarihi cibiyar ilimi ce kuma ta kasance gida ga fitattun [[Fiƙihu|malaman fikihu]], malamai, da mawaƙa.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Yana da muhimmanci musamman a lokacin [[Yemeni-Ottoman conflicts|Rikicin Yemen da Ottoman]] a ƙarni na 16 da na 17, lokacin da ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin muhimman tungaye a tsaunukan yammacin Yemen.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Daular Usmaniyya sun yi yunƙurin kama Shahara, amma sau ɗaya kawai suka yi nasara - a shekara ta 1587 ( 995H ) a ƙarƙashin Gwamna [[Mustafa Asim Pasha]].<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam Zaidi na Yaman, ya rasu a Shahara a shekara ta 1620 Miladiyya (1029H). <ref name="Gazetteer"/> Shahara ya kasance babban birninsa, kuma masallacin jam'i na garin ana danganta shi da shi.<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Mawaƙiya [[Zaynab bint Muhammad al-Shahariyyah|Zainab bint Muhammad al-Shahariyyah]], wacce ta rasu a shekara ta 1702 (1114H), ta fito daga Shahara; Ba a taɓa haɗa waƙarta zuwa diwan ba amma tana da "wuri mai daraja a cikin adabin Yemen".<ref name="Smith 1997"/> Daular Usmaniyya sun yi yunkurin yiwa Shahara ƙawanya a shekarar 1905 amman haƙa bata cimma ruwa ba-(ba suyi nasara ba).<ref name="Smith 1997"/> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Shehara 02.jpg| File:Shaharah Bridge.jpg| File:Shehara 01.jpg| </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗin na waje== {{commonscat}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tms30dLcEdQ Video of Shaharah] 93ttja98hbv2zey3n4pcvkhw8gshzf5 0 63399 549106 346318 2024-11-30T16:50:49Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Christiane Desroches Noblecourt - UNESCO Photobank (80306881).jpg|thumb|Christiane Desroches Noblecourt]] == Nunin ''Tutankhamun da Zamaninsa'' == A cikin 1963,Desroches Noblecourt ya buga ''Tutankhamen:Rayuwa da Mutuwar Fir'auna'',kuma a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya,a matsayin shugaban Antiquities na Masar a Louvre,Desroches Noblecourt ya shirya nunin Tutankhamun a 1967.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|url-status=1–12}}</ref>Baje kolin mai taken "Tutankhamun and His Times"ya samu halartar mutane sama da miliyan guda. <ref name=":5" /> Abubuwan da aka samu daga baje kolin sun je asusun ceto na Abu Simbel,wanda ya kai kusan dalar Amurka 500,000.<ref name=":1" /> Baje kolin ya fi girma,tare da abubuwa da yawa daga kabarin,fiye da yadda aka yi rangadin Arewacin Amurka da Japan a baya.Desroches Noblecourt ya yi shawarwari game da abubuwan da za su samar da nunin,kuma sun haɗa da abin rufe fuska na zinariya na Tutankhamun, wanda ke nuna alamar farko ta shiga Turai.<ref name=":1" /> [[Category:Mutuwan 2011]] a9g8kir6ugdmo85wu2aa1k89yfkccqo 0 63994 549097 479398 2024-11-30T16:36:57Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mazlan Othman 20090519.jpg|thumb|Mazlan Othman]] [[Fayil:UNOOSA 50 Years of Women in Space NHM Vienna 2013 01 Mazlan Othman.jpg|thumb|Mazlan Othman]] [[Fayil:Heads of Vienna based United Nations Organizations met 16 March 2012 at the CTBTO’s headquarters. - Flickr - The Official CTBTO Photostream.jpg|thumb|Mazlan Othman a cikin mutane ]] [[Fayil:Mazlan Othman 20100615.jpg|thumb|Mazlan Othman]] A cikin jerin girmamawar Agong na 1997, Tuanku Ja'afar,Yang di-Pertuan Agong na Malaysia na goma,ya ba da kayan ado na tarayya da kuma oda Panglima Jasa Negara(don hidima mai inganci) a kan Mazlan, yana ba ta lambar yabo ta "Datuk". {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] mwxjpyw295ko17jepjqsa3wg3cvud04 0 65732 549339 506899 2024-12-01T07:53:51Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 549339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sophien Kamoun Royal Society.jpg|thumb|Sophien kamoun]] [[Fayil:Sophien Kamoun.jpg|thumb|sophien kamoun]] '''Sophien Kamoun,''' FRS MAE<ref name=frs>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/sophien-kamoun-13822/|title=Sophien Kamoun|website=Royalsociety.org|access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref> an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1965, masanin ilimin halittau [[Tunisiya|ɗan ƙasar Tunisiya]]. Shi babban masanin [[kimiyya]] ne a ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Sainsbury kuma [[farfesa]] a fannin ilmin halittu a Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia (UEA). An san Kamoun don ba da gudummawa ga fahimtarmu game da cututtukan shuka/tsirrai da rigakafin shuka.<ref name=gs>{{Google scholar id}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Kamoun ya girma a [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]]. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie a [[Paris]] sannan kuma a Jami'ar [[California]], Davis inda ya sami digiri na uku a cikin shekarar 1991 don nazarin kwayoyin halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta, ''Xanthomonas campestris''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Keen/Pages/KamounSophien.aspx |title=Keen Award: Sophien Kamoun |publisher=American Phytopathological Society |access-date=2018-04-30 |archive-date=2018-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521213005/http://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Keen/Pages/KamounSophien.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == [[File:Sophien_Kamoun.jpg|alt=Sophien Kamoun|right|thumb| Kamun in 2017]] An san Kamoun da gudummawar da yake bayarwa wajen fahimtar cututtukan shuka da rigakafin shuka. Ya yi amfani da ilimin genomics da hanyoyin nazarin halittu don samun fahimta game da ilmin halittu da juyin halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta na eukaryotic.<ref name=frs/> Ya gano iyalai masu cutar jijiyoyi daga ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya nuna yadda za su iya canza rigakafin shuka. Ya nuna yadda haɗin kai tare da tsire-tsire masu masaukin baki ya yi tasiri ga gine-ginen ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogens, haɓaka juyin halittar kwayoyin halittau, da kuma haifar da bayyanar hanyoyin sadarwa masu karɓar rigakafi.<ref name=frs/> [[Fayil:Phytophtora.png|thumb]] Bayan yayi PhD, Kamoun ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta ƙasa (NSF) (Center for Engineering Plants for Resistance Against Pathogens) a Jami'ar [[California]], Davis,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8920216 |title=NSF Award Search: Award#8920216 - Engineering Plants for Resistance Against Pathogens |website=Nsf.gov |access-date=2018-04-30}}{{failed verification|date=May 2018}}</ref> kuma a Sashen Nazarin Halittu (Jami'ar Wageningen, [[Netherlands]]). Ya kasance a sashen koyarwa na cututtukan tsirrai (Jami'ar Jihar Ohio) daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2007, kafin ya shiga The Sainsbury Laboratory a shekara ta 2007. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Sainsbury daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014 kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu a Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia. Kamoun ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Duniya da Molecular Plant-Microbe daga shekarun 2012-2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ismpmi.org/About/Pages/History.aspx |title=History of the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |publisher=International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Kamoun ya samu kyaututtuka da karramawa da dama. Ya karɓi lambar yabo ta 2003 Syngenta<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Syngenta/Pages/default.aspx |title=Syngenta Award |publisher=American Phytopathological Society |access-date=2018-04-30 |archive-date=2018-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521154423/http://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Syngenta/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> da lambar yabo ta 2013 Noel Keen daga American Phytopathological Society,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Keen/Pages/default.aspx |title=Noel T. Keen Award for Research Excellence in Molecular Plant Pathology |publisher=American Phytopathological Society |access-date=2018-04-30 |archive-date=2018-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420210023/http://www.apsnet.org/members/awards/Keen/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daiwa Adrian Prize a shekara ta 2010,<ref name=daiwa>{{cite web |title=Daiwa Adrian Prizes 2010 |url=http://dajf.org.uk/grants-awards-prizes/daiwa-adrian-prizes/daiwa-adrian-prizes-2010 |publisher=[[Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation]] |access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> da Kuwait Prize a shekara ta 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kfas.org/Media-Publications/KFAS-News?NewsId=0d4f3707-6795-470d-be9e-ab1c61ae197a&MId= |title=KFAS announced the 2016 winners of the Kuwait Prize, the Scientific Production Prize, and Al-Nouri Prize for Best Ph.D. Thesis in Education |access-date=2018-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042349/http://kfas.org/Media-Publications/KFAS-News?NewsId=0d4f3707-6795-470d-be9e-ab1c61ae197a&MId= |archive-date=2017-10-17 }}</ref> An zaɓe shi memba na Academia Europaea (MAE) a cikin shekarar 2011,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Kamoun_Sophien |title=Academy of Europe: Sophien Kamoun |publisher=[[Academia Europaea]] |access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref> da European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tsl.ac.uk/news/professor-sophien-kamoun-elected-embo-member/ |title=Professor Sophien Kamoun elected as EMBO member |work=TNews |publisher=The Sainsbury Laboratory |access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref> Kamoun ya ci nasara a ci gaba na Hukumar Binciken [[Turai]] (ERC) Advanced Investigator grants a cikin shekarun 2011 da 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://erc.europa.eu/projects-figures/erc-funded-projects/results?search_api_views_fulltext=kamoun |title=ERC FUNDED PROJECTS |publisher=European Research Council |access-date=2018-04-30 |archive-date=2018-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093023/https://erc.europa.eu/projects-figures/erc-funded-projects/results?search_api_views_fulltext=kamoun |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2018, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Linnean saboda fitattun gudummawar da ya bayar ga kimiyyar shuka/tsirrai. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1965]] asnp61jme9620nb2zwpc3zn6qnxrvlx 0 67377 549111 417114 2024-11-30T16:54:57Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Shams al-Ma'arif.jpg|thumb|''Shams al-Ma'arif'']] '''''Shams al-Ma'arif''''' ko '''''Shams al-Ma'arif wa Lata'if al-'Awarif,''' littafi'' ne na ƙarni na 13 wanda ya ta'allaka kan [[Tsafi|sihirin]] [[Larabci]] kuma ya yi iƙirarin zama jagora don cimma sihirin [[Aljanu]] da ruhi. [[Ahmad al-Buni]] ne ya rubuta shi a lokacin da yana zaune a [[Aljeriya|kasar Aljeriya]] ; ya rasu a shekara ta 1225 miladiyya, [[Hijira kalanda|622H]] (Hijira)<ref>Owen Davies, ''Grimoires: A History of Magic Books'', Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 27</ref> Littafin wani ƙunshi ne na bita da guntu na ayyukan [[al-Buni]], da rubutun wasu marubuta duka a ciki. Malamai irin su [[Ibn Taymiyyah|Ibn Taimiyyah]] sun soki littafin tare da bayyana [[al-Buni]] a matsayin mai bautar [[shaidan]] mai ruguza aƙidar [[sunnah]] da bin harkokin [[tsafi]] tsaface-tsaface. A tsarin zamani, littafin ya ƙunshi juzu'i biyu; ''Shams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra'' (babba) da ''Shams al-Ma'arif al-Sughra (ƙarami),'' na farko shi ne mafi girma daga cikin biyun.<ref>''Shamsu al-Ma‘aref al-Kubrah'', Al Nour Library, Beirut, Lebanon: 2006.</ref><ref>''Shamsu al-Ma‘aref al-Sughra'', Al Nour Library, Beirut, Lebanon: 2005.</ref> Babikan farko sun gabatar da mai karatu zuwa murabba'i na sihiri, da haɗuwa da lambobi da [[haruffa]] waɗanda aka yi imani da su suna kawo tasirin sihiri, wanda marubucin ya yi iƙirarin cewa itace hanya ɗaya take da take bada damar magana da da [[aljani]], [[mala'iku]] da [[rohani]]. Teburin abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin bugu na baya da aka buga na aikin ya ƙunshi jerin babi-babi marasa adadi (''fasl''), waɗanda suka kai adadin 40. Duk da haka, kafin na'urar buga littattafai da wasu ma'auni daban-daban, akwai kundin littattafai masu zaman kansu guda uku da suke yaduwa, kowannensu ya bambanta da tsayi.<ref>Francis Maddison, [[Emilie Savage-Smith]], Ralph H. Pinder-Wilson, Tim Stanley, ''Science, Tools And Magic Vol. 12'', Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 65</ref> A lokacin da littafin ya fara shahara da kuma ƙaurin suna, Musulunci ya haramta amfani da littafin baki ɗaya saboda sihirin da yake ƙunshe a cikin sa. Duk da haka, yana ci gaba da watsuwa, ana karantawa da kuma nazarinsa har zuwa yau, duk da gaskiyar da ke nuni da sihiri da shakku akan littafin da kuma mummunan tasirin suhirin.<ref>Gardiner, Noah (2017), ''Esotericist Reading Communities and the Early Circulation of the Sufi Occultist Aḥmad al-Būnī’s Works'', Arabica 64 (2017) 405-441. Brill.</ref> Wasu daruruwan Sufaye, irin su na Naqshbandi-Haqqani, a wasu lokatan sun gane kimarsu ta ruhi, matukar dai mai karatu ya fahimce ta. Wani laƙabi na wannan marubucin, wato ''[[Manba' Usool al-Hikmah]]'' ("Tushen Mahimmancin Hikima"), ana ɗaukar sahabinsa. == Fassara a wasu Harsuna == [[File:Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mss_0556_fol_173b-174a.jpg|thumb|Rubutun Aljeriya na ''Shams al-Ma'arif'' daga shekarar 1868.]] Ko da yake ba a aiwatar da fassarar zuwa Turanci ba, an yi fassarar da yawa na wasu shahararrun al'adun gargajiya da aka samu a cikin babban rubutun, da kuma waɗanda ke cikin rubutun da ke tare da shi. Wadansu daga cikin waɗannan tsaface-tsafaceb sun shahara sosai, amma wanda aka fi ambato da maimatawa a da yawa daga cikin wajajen wallafe-wallafe shine ''Birhatiya.'' A shekarar 2022 an buga wani juzu'in fassarar Turanci ta [[Amina Inloes]] ta Revelore Press a matsayin "Shams al-Ma'arif: The Sun of Knowledge na Larabci Grimoire: Fassarar da aka zaɓa" A shekarar 2023 wani fassarar Turanci na ''Shams al Ma'arif'' Johann Voldemont ya buga a matsayin <nowiki>''</nowiki> Shams al-Ma'arif:Talismans and Magic Squares <nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan talismans da wuraren sihiri da ke cikin rubutun. A wajen kasashen Larabawa da yammacin duniya, an buga bugu na littafin a cikin harsunan Urdu da Turkawa. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category: Littattafai]] is2wbsiec9aqt9lic2hcis3zs8sq51y 0 69636 549109 374927 2024-11-30T16:53:12Z Maryamarh 29382 549109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Naitou, l'orpheline''''' ([[Turanci]]: ''Naitou The Orphan'' ), wani fim ne na Guinea wanda Moussa Kémoko Diakité ya jagoranta, wanda aka sake a cikin shekarar 1982. Fim ɗin, wanda aka yi shi da tatsuniyar Afirka ta Yamma, ya sha bamban da yadda ƙungiyar Ballet National de Guinée ta ruwaito shi da waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Naïtou (L'orpheline)|url=http://www.africine.org/film/naitou-lorpheline/243|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Naïtou (L'orpheline)|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=243|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Larousse|first=Éditions|title=Naitou Naitou - LAROUSSE|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/film/Naitou/6935|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.larousse.fr|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hjort|first1=Mette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7SBDwAAQBAJ&dq=Naitou+%28l%27orpheline%29%2C+film+de+Moussa+K%C3%A9moko+Diakit%C3%A9&pg=PA230|title=African Cinema and Human Rights|last2=Jørholt|first2=Eva|date=2019-03-01|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-03946-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6CAGqsOL0QC&dq=Naitou+%28l%27orpheline%29+Moussa+K%C3%A9moko+Diakit%C3%A9&pg=PA353|title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage|date=2008|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-84586-958-5|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61Ol3PLhYhsC&dq=Naitou+%28l%27orpheline%29+Moussa+K%C3%A9moko+Diakit%C3%A9&pg=PA162|title=Les cinémas d'Afrique: dictionnaire|date=2000-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-84586-060-5|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY8HsLXNCcsC&q=Naitou+(l'orpheline)+Moussa+K%C3%A9moko+Diakit%C3%A9|title=Information|date=1984|publisher=Le Ministère|language=fr}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Cikin tsananin kishi, wata mata ta sanya wa matar aure guba. Ba tare da iya ƙance kanta ba a bisa wannan laifi ɗaya ba, sai ta sa ido kan Naitou, ɗiyar marigayiyar. Daga ƙarshe "lamiri" na ƙauyen, alamar tsohuwar mace, ya sa ta hauka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naitou|url=https://www.3continents.com/fr/film/naitou/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Festival des 3 Continents}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] sjlys7c2nvmt5at89j21ygu98k0p53g 0 69855 549125 376108 2024-11-30T17:38:56Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Running the Sahara''''' wani fim ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2007 [[Documentary film|na gaskiya]] wanda ya ba da labarin Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle, da ƙoƙarin Kevin Lin na yin gudu a cikin [[Sahara|hamadar Sahara]] baki ɗaya.<ref>[http://www.runningthesahara.com The Official Running the Sahara Website]</ref> Sun yi tafiyar kilomita 6920 gaba ɗaya, inda suka isa [[Red Sea|tekun Bahar Maliya]] a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://www.runningthesahara.com The Official Running the Sahara Website]</ref> Furodusoshi [[Marc Joubert]], [[Keith Quinn (producer)|Keith Quinn]], Larry Tanz da darakta James Moll sun yi fim a matsayin wuri a [[Afirka]] a cikin ƙasashe shida: [[Senegal]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]], [[Libya]], [[Misra|Egypt]].<ref>[http://www.runningthesahara.com The Official Running the Sahara Website]</ref> Prepare2go.com ya goyi bayan ma'aikatan fim ɗin tare da dabaru a ko'ina.<ref>{{IMDb title|0481222}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] qak2dobflrzh9ee4bj4sy7brye6ipe0 0 69963 549114 517779 2024-11-30T17:02:16Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|suna=Talking About Trees|image=Talking About Trees art cover.png|caption=Film Poster|native_name=Suhaib Gasmelbari|citizenship=Sudanese Arabic}} [[Fayil:Visitors listening to a man talking about a tree in Yosemite National Park. (24e063a33c8442ca99702da830d0ab0d).jpg|thumb|Talking About Trees]] [[Fayil:Trees in summer.JPG|thumb|Trees]] [[Fayil:Rich is talking about the recent arrival of Christmas trees. Tune in LIVE at http ift.tt 1NtUC1A (31150683352).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Visitors listening to a man talking about a tree in Yosemite National Park. (24e063a33c8442ca99702da830d0ab0d).jpg|thumb|Talking About Trees]] '''''Magana Akan Bishiyoyi''''' ( {{Lang-ar|الحديث عن الأشجار}} ) [[Documentary film|fim din gaskiya]] ne na shekarar 2019 wanda daraktan fina-finan Sudan Suhaib Gasmelbari ya ba da umarni. Hakan ya biyo bayan kokarin da Kungiyar Fina-Finai ta kasar Sudan, da masu shirya fina-finai Ibrahim Shadad, da Manar Al Hilo, da Suleiman Mohamed Ibrahim da Altayeb Mahdi suka wakilta, suka wakilta, na sake bude wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo na waje a birnin [[Omdurman]], a daidai lokacin da aka shafe shekaru da dama ana tauye hakkin Islama da kuma gazawar gwamnati. . <ref>Jordan Mintzer, [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/talking-trees-review-1183323 'Talking About Trees': Film Review | Berlin 2019], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', 10 February 2019.</ref> A cewar mai sukar fim Jay Weissberg, taken fim ɗin "ya fito ne daga waƙar Bertolt Brecht na 1940 ''ga waɗanda aka Haifa daga baya'', inda ya koka da yadda ake murkushe tattaunawa a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya, da kuma yadda canza magana zuwa batutuwa na yau da kullun yana jawo hankali ga menene. ba za a iya magana da babbar murya ba." == Mahimman liyafar == A kan Rotten Tomatoes, fim din yana da amincewar amincewa na 100% bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/talking_about_trees|title=Talking About Trees (2019)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date={{RT data|access date|df=iso}}}}</ref> bita a cikin jaridar Burtaniya ''[[The Guardian]]'' ya bayyana fim din kamar haka: "Darakta na farko Suhaib Gasmelbari yana da tunani, mai hankali a nan. Ya zaɓi kada ya yi hira kai tsaye da masu yin fim guda huɗu; maimakon haka, abin da ya faru hoto ne mai kyau na abokantaka ta namiji, sha'awar fim da kuma girman kai".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clarke|first=Cath|date=2020-01-30|title=Talking About Trees review – how the lights went out in Sudan's cinemas|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/30/talking-about-trees-review-sudan-film-industry-documentary|access-date=2020-11-28|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan da aka fara farawa a Berlin International Film Festival, ''Magana game da Bishiyoyi'' sun sami lambobin yabo da yawa a bukukuwan fina-finai a duniya. A cikin 2019, an kuma ba da kyautar lambar yabo ta ''MENA Talent Award'' a bikin Fim na El Gouna a Masar, inda mai sukar fim Jay Weissberg ya ce: == Bayanin fina-finai na masu shirya fina-finan Sudan == [[Fayil:Visitors listening to a man talking about a tree in Yosemite National Park. (24e063a33c8442ca99702da830d0ab0d).jpg|thumb|Talking About Trees]] A cikin wannan shirin, Ibrahim Shadad ya yi magana game da ɗan gajeren fim ɗinsa na kammala digiri ''<nowiki/>'Jagdpartie' (Hunting party)'', wanda ya yi a 1964 a Deutsche Hochschule für Filmkunst Potsdam-Babelsberg a Jamus ta Gabas . An harbe wannan labari na alama game da wariyar launin fata a cikin daji a Brandenburg, kuma yana ɗaukar nau'ikan fina-finai na Yammacin Turai don farautar ɗan Afirka. Har ila yau, Shadad ya yi magana game da fim dinsa na tsawon mintuna 14 ''Jamal (Rakumi)'' da ya yi a Sudan a shekarar 1981, wanda ke nuna aikin rakumi a cikin injin din dinkin sesame. == Kyauta == * Kyautar Takardun Takardun Asali da Kyautar Masu sauraro, Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 69th Berlin, Jamus, 2019 <ref>Stephen Appelbaum, [https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/talking-about-trees-how-four-men-fought-to-revive-sudan-s-love-for-cinema-1.929100 'Talking About Trees': How four men fought to revive Sudan’s love for cinema], ''The National'', 27 October 2019.</ref> * Grand Jury Prize, Mumbai Film Festival, Indiya, 2019 <ref>Nyay Bhushan, [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/2019-mumbai-film-festival-winners-1249725 Mumbai: 'Honeyland', 'Eeb Allay Ooo!,' 'Bombay Rose' Among Festival Prize Winners], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', 24 October 2019.</ref> * Kyautar MENA iri-iri da Tauraron Zinare, Mafi kyawun Takardun Takaddama, Bikin Fim na El Gouna, Masar, 2019 <ref>[https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/04/what-were-the-highlights-of-el-gouna-film-festival-s-third-edition What were the highlights of El Gouna Film Festival’s third edition?], ''Euronews'', 4 October 2019.</ref> * Kyautar Jury, Hamptons International Film Festival, Amurka, 2019 <ref>Jennifer Landes, [https://easthamptonstar.com/20191014/hamptons-film-fest-announces-key-award-winners Hamptons Film Fest Announces Key Award Winners], ''The East Hampton Star'', October 14, 2019.</ref> * Kyautar Fina-Finan Duniya FIPRESCI da Kyautar Jury, Bikin Fim na Istanbul, Turkiyya, 2019. * Tanit d'Or don Mafi kyawun Documentary, JCC Carthage Film Festival, Tunis, 2019 * Grand Jury Prize, Mumbai International Film Festival, Indiya, 2019 * Mafi kyawun Takardun Fasalo, Bikin Fim na Palm Springs, Amurka, 2020 * Kyautar Masu Sauraro, Bikin Fim na Lama, Faransa, 2019 * Mafi kyawun Fim na Farko, Miradasdoc, Spain, 2019 * Documentaire sur Grand Ecran Award, Amiens Film Festival, Faransa, 2019 * Mafi kyawun shirin shirin, Kyautar Masu sukar, Cibiyar Cinema ta Larabawa, 2020 * Mafi kyawun Documentary, Malmo Arab Film Festival, Sweden, 2020 * Kyautar masu sauraro don mafi kyawun fim, bikin Fim ɗin Malmo Arab, Sweden, 2020 * Kyautar ACERCA na haɗin gwiwar Mutanen Espanya, Tarifa-Tangiers African Film Festival, 2020. * Kyautar masu sauraro don mafi kyawun fim, Tarifa-Tangiers African Film Festival, Spain, 2020 * Kyautar Kapok ta Golden (Kyauta mafi kyawun Fasalo na Farko), Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya na Guangzhou, China, 2020. * Jury Special ambaci: Athena Film Festival, Free Zone Human Rights FF, Gabes Film Festival == Duba kuma == * [[Sinima a Sudan|Cinema na Sudan]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|9658178}} * ''[https://cineuropa.org/en/video/rdid/366247/ Trailer for Talking about Trees]'' * [https://vimeo.com/275097975 ''Sudan’s forgotten films'' - Documentary by Souhaib Gasmelbari and Katharina von Schroeder] == Nassoshi == 1chxzuom3vtqr7csgvb7qjfg9bjugd9 0 71487 549128 541057 2024-11-30T17:50:30Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} === Ma'auni biyar === * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} === Wani sikelin === === Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. === .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> === Matakan juyar da canjin harshe === Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} === Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe === [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> === Farfadowar ilimin harshe === [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==== Dan gargajiya ==== ==== Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. ==== [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. === Afrika === Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> === Amurka === ==== Arewacin Amurka ==== A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> =====Tlingit===== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa 2017. Daga 2013 zuwa 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==== Kudacin Amurka ==== [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> === Asia === ==== Hebrew ==== Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Other Asian ==== yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> === Europe === A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". ==== Irish ==== {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Manx ==== {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na 2017-2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Cornish ==== An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==== Breton ==== {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==== Caló ==== Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. ==== Livonian ==== {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==== Old Prussian ==== Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==== Yola ==== Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> === Oceania === ==== Australia ==== Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== New Zealand ==== {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga 1996.<ref name=senft /> ==== Hawaiian ==== {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. === Mexico === A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> === Canada === In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> === Chile === Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin 2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] 96vmw2k3g3zh7vz0degk7z6ovo2dqc2 549129 549128 2024-11-30T17:54:10Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} === Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe === [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Other Asian ==== yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> === Europe === A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". ==== Irish ==== {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Manx ==== {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na 2017-2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Cornish ==== An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==== Breton ==== {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==== Caló ==== Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. ==== Livonian ==== {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==== Old Prussian ==== Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==== Yola ==== Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> === Oceania === ==== Australia ==== Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== New Zealand ==== {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga 1996.<ref name=senft /> ==== Hawaiian ==== {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. === Mexico === A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> === Canada === In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> === Chile === Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin 2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] 3uzf01h86qdg2rkdwjegybcwy0c4qz2 549130 549129 2024-11-30T17:56:43Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} === Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe === [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na 2017-2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==== Old Prussian ==== Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==== Yola ==== Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> === Oceania === ==== Australia ==== Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== New Zealand ==== {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga 1996.<ref name=senft /> ==== Hawaiian ==== {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. === Mexico === A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> === Canada === In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> === Chile === Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin 2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] mhgikoqjthoidk1983icxed8e9q12y9 549131 549130 2024-11-30T17:59:20Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} === Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe === [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na 2017-2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==Old Prussian == Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilun shekarar 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==Yola == Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> == Oceania == ==Australia == Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==New Zealand == {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga shekara ta 1996.<ref name=senft /> == Hawaiian == {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. ==Mexico == A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> ==Canada == In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Chile == Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin 2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] 728orvfbv3rk19bimyj7kgl1e5dvfmn 549132 549131 2024-11-30T18:06:19Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} == Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe == [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin shekarar 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na shekarun 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar shekarar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a shekarar 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na shekara ta 2017 zuwa shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==Old Prussian == Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin shekarar 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na shekarar 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin shekara ta 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na shekarar 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilun shekarar 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==Yola == Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> == Oceania == ==Australia == Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa shekara ta 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==New Zealand == {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta a shekarar 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta a shekarar 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a shekara ta 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga shekara ta 1996.<ref name=senft /> == Hawaiian == {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. ==Mexico == A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> ==Canada == In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Chile == Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin 2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] 3oq17okv7srvt73tne7a5lh9q1i1sj5 549133 549132 2024-11-30T18:10:59Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”). An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} == Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe == [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin shekarar 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na shekarar 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na shekarun 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar shekarar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (a shekarar 2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a shekarar 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na shekara ta 2017 zuwa shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==Old Prussian == Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin shekarar 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na shekarar 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin shekara ta 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na shekarar 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilun shekarar 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==Yola == Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> == Oceania == ==Australia == Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa shekara ta 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==New Zealand == {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta a shekarar 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta a shekarar 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a shekara ta 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga shekara ta 1996.<ref name=senft /> == Hawaiian == {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. ==Mexico == A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> ==Canada == In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Chile == Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun shekarar 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin shekara t2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] 65ymgmyomais330661znvnuaf0gx4jw 0 74056 549391 400169 2024-12-01T10:29:45Z Maryamarh 29382 549391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Lionheart,''''' wani gajeren fim ne na damben Amurka na shekara ta 2016 wanda Oscar DeRosa da Orlando Cicilia III suka rubuta kuma suka shirya. Fim ɗin ya haɗa da Oscar DeRosa da Marc Macaulay . Fim ɗin ya nuna ƙwararren ɗan damben Max Rossi wanda a ƙarshe aka gabatar masa da yaƙin da yake jira wanda zai ƙaddamar da aikinsa zuwa mataki na gaba amma da zarar ya fuskanci wata dama ta canza rayuwa dole ne ya yanke shawarar wacce zai bi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Herald|first1=Miami|title=Marco Rubio puts politics aside, watches a movie|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/celebrities/article71588257.html|accessdate=3 November 2016|agency=Newspaper|publisher=Miami Herald|date=April 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar DeRosa|url=http://www.filmweb.pl/person/Oscar+DeRosa-2097494|website=Filmweb|publisher=filmweb.com|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Out of the Lion's Den of Presidential Politics, Marco Rubio watches his nephew's film 'Lionheart'|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/out-of-the-lions-den-of-presidential-politics-marco-rubio-watches-his-nephews-film-lionheart-a-palm-beach-international-film-festival-entry-at-g-star-school-of-the-arts-300249829.html|accessdate=3 November 2016|agency=www.PRNewswire.com|publisher=PRNewswire|date=April 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Back to Back! "Lionheart" Wins Grand Jury Award at All Sports LA Film Festival|url=http://www.lionheart-movie.com/press-media/2016/4/20/back-to-back-short-film-lionheart-wins-grand-jury-award-at-all-sports-la-film-festival|website=www.lionheart-movie.com|publisher=Lionheart-Movie|accessdate=3 November 2016|archive-date=4 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002511/http://www.lionheart-movie.com/press-media/2016/4/20/back-to-back-short-film-lionheart-wins-grand-jury-award-at-all-sports-la-film-festival|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Award Winners|url=http://www.gasparillafilmfestival.com/single-post/2016/04/07/2016-Award-Winners|website=Gasparilla Film Festival|publisher=www.gasparillafilmfestival.com|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orlando Cicilia III and Oscar DeRosa attend Palm Beach International Film Festival|url=http://www.gettyimages.ae/event/palm-beach-international-film-festival-2016-filmmakers-meet-and-greet-627708467?#orlando-cicilia-iii-and-oscar-derosa-attend-palm-beach-international-picture-id520021872|website=www.gettyimages.com|publisher=Getty Images|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|4760396}} [[Category:Tv]] [[Category:Shirye-shiryen telebijin da aka shirya a Lagos]] [[Category:Fina-finai]] l2heg2gvmc3o7a6zbsorpisizut04dp 0 74905 549121 504684 2024-11-30T17:30:11Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 549121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Matthew Taylor, Gary Medel 2014.jpg|thumb|Matthew Taylor]] '''Matthew Simon Taylor''' (an haife shi 27 Nuwamba shekerar ta 1981) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila, wanda ya fi buga wa Portsmouth da Bolton Wanderers. Ya kasance kwanan nan kocin ƙungiyar League One ta garin Shrewsbury. A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, Taylor ya kasance dan wasan baya, da kuma dan wasan tsakiya a Premier League na Portsmouth, Bolton Wanderers, West Ham United, da Burnley kuma a cikin League ɗin kwallo na Luton Town, Northampton Town da garin Swindon. Ya zira kwallaye 84 a wasanni 658 a cikin shekaru 20 a wasan kwallon kafa na Ingila. Taylor ya fara aikin horaswa yayin da yake dan wasa a Swindon Town kuma, bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a 2019, ya koma Tottenham Hotspur don horar da yan ƙasa da shekara ta 18s. Ya sauka da aikinsa na farko na kwallon kafa a watan Mayu 2021, inda ya zama kocin Walsall. An kore shi a watan Fabrairun 2022 kuma an hayar shi a Shrewsbury Town a League One a watan Yunin 2023. An kore shi a watan Janairun 2024.<ref>Hugman, Barry J., ed. (2010). ''The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11''. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 401. ISBN <bdi>978-1-84596-601-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>"Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2018" (PDF). English Football League. p. 90. Retrieved 15 June 2018</ref> == Ayyukan kulob == === Luton Town === An haifi Taylor a garin Oxford, Oxfordshire . fara aikinsa a Division na biyu na Luton Town, inda ya fara bugawa a matsayin ɗan shekara 17 a farkon kakar 1999-2000. kafin ya lashe lambar kyautar Player of the season a 2000-01. [2] Koyaya, duk da samun kyakkyawan saka mako a kakar, bai iya hana kulob ɗin Luton ya koma Sashe na Uku ba. A kakar 2001–02-02 Luton ta lashe ci gaba a matsayin mai cin gaba na Division na uku, tare da Taylor ya zira kwallaye 11 kuma an kira shi a cikin PFA Division na Uku na Shekara.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/luton_town/2038081.stm</ref> == Portsmouth == [[Fayil:Matthew Taylor (Tucson).jpg|thumb|Matthew Taylor]] Nuna raayinsa <ref>{{cite news|title=Pompey seal Taylor switch|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/luton_town/2038081.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 July 2002|access-date=29 August 2007}}</ref> ya haifar da sha'awars daga kungiyoyin Premier League, amma a maimakon hakan se ya yanke shawarar, a watan Yulin 2002, ya sanya hannu a kungiyar [[Portsmouth FC|Portsmouth]] ta farko don £ 750,000. <ref>{{cite news|first=Jason|last=Burt|title=Taylor fights to keep career and Portsmouth afloat|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/taylor-fights-to-keep-career-and-portsmouth-afloat-83288.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/taylor-fights-to-keep-career-and-portsmouth-afloat-83288.html|archive-date=12 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|date=20 December 2003|access-date=17 September 2016}}</ref> saita kuɗin don hana buƙatar kotun, wanda ya sa manajan Luton [[Joe Kinnear]] ya koka: "akalla [[Dick Turpin]] yana da mutunci don sanya abin rufe fuska". == Bolton Wanderers == [[Fayil:Matthew Taylor.png|thumb|Matthew Taylor]] Bayan ya rasa matsayinsa a cikin kungiyar Portsmouth zuwa ga Niko Kranjčar a farkon rabin kakar 2007-08, Taylor ya koma Bolton Wanderers a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2008 akan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, bayan ya ƙi tayin daga Sunderland. ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, Taylor ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Bolton tare da a wasan da aka yi da Arsenal a gida 3-2. ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Taylor ya zira kwallaye na farko a Bolton tare da minti na karshe, inda ya sami Bolton 1-1 draw a kan Chelsea a ranar karshe ta kakar 2007-08 Premier League. A watan Yulin 2008, bayan da ya riga ya sa lambar 32, an ba Taylor lambar 7 da Stelios<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/4221111.stm</ref> == Burnley == [[Fayil:Matty Taylor playing for West Ham.jpg|thumb|Matthew Taylor]] A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2014, sabuwar shiga kungiyar Premier League ta Burnley ta tabbatar da cewa sun sanya hannu kan Taylor daga West Ham United kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu, a kan canja wurin kyauta. Taylor ya taka leda a wasanni uku na farko na Burnley na kakar 2014-15 amma ya sami wanda aka yi masa tiyata a watan Oktoba 2014. Taylor ya koma tawaga ta matakin farko a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2015, ya zo a matsayin wanda yake maye gurbi wanda sukayi nasara 1-0 a gida ga Arsenal. A wasan sa na uku, ya rasa kisa wanda zai sanya Burnley 1-0 a cikin wani muhimmin wasa da Leicester City don kauce wa sakewa daga Premier League. Leicester ta lashe wasan 1-0 ta zira kwallaye 59 bayan Taylor ya rasa hukuncinsa.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/match_of_the_day/4200450.stm</ref> == Birnin Northampton == [[Fayil:Lugers Taylor Morris and Matthew Mortenson 28423252.jpg|thumb|Matthew Taylor]] A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, Taylor ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kungiyar League One ta Northampton Town a kwangilar shekara guda. Ya fara bugawa a ranar budewa ta 2016-17 a 1-1 draw a gidada suka buga da Fleetwood Town . Goal dinsa na farko ga Northampton ya fito a cikin nasarar 3-2 a gida ga Milton Keynes Dons a ranar 4 ga Satumba, kuma wannan ya biyo baya da burin a wasan da ya biyo baya, nasarar 2-0 a gida ga Walsall.[2] Taylor ya gama kakar wasa tare da wasanni 48 da kwallaye takwas, kuma ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekara guda bayan an kaddamar da sashi a cikin kwangilarsa. == Aiki a matsayin mai horarwa == === Shekaru na farko === aylor ya kammala lambobin horar da shi a lokacin da yake wasa kuma ya shafe lokaci yana aiki tare da kungiyar Luton Town na kasa da shekaru 15 da kasa da shekaru 16 yayin da yake West Ham United<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/4366688.stm</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 4f0je657fxmonljquizj4sg6yx1c6gf 0 75461 549337 516847 2024-12-01T07:52:02Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 549337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Alex Greenwood (20028035116) cropped.jpg|thumb|yar wasa '''Alexander John Greenwood''' ]] '''Alexander John Greenwood''' (an haife ta a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin da ukku 1933 - ta mutu a watan Janairun, shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shida 2006) ta kasance ƙwararren ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila wanda ta taka leda a matsayin Ɗan wasan [[Mai buga baya|cikakken baya]] a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crystal Palace da Darlington . == Ayyuka == haife ta a Fulham, Greenwood ta buga wa Ferryhill Athletic, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Crystal Palace, Scarborough da Darlington.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player6/alexgreenwood.html|title=Alex Greenwood|website=Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database|publisher=Neil Brown|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Mutuwan 2006]] i3kkwuxolmmh4m642npkm1o0nckhvi9 549386 549337 2024-12-01T10:02:04Z Gwanki 3834 Gwanki moved page [[Alex Greenwood (ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1933)]] to [[Alex Greenwood]] 549337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Alex Greenwood (20028035116) cropped.jpg|thumb|yar wasa '''Alexander John Greenwood''' ]] '''Alexander John Greenwood''' (an haife ta a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin da ukku 1933 - ta mutu a watan Janairun, shekara ta alif dubu biyu da shida 2006) ta kasance ƙwararren ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila wanda ta taka leda a matsayin Ɗan wasan [[Mai buga baya|cikakken baya]] a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crystal Palace da Darlington . == Ayyuka == haife ta a Fulham, Greenwood ta buga wa Ferryhill Athletic, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Crystal Palace, Scarborough da Darlington.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player6/alexgreenwood.html|title=Alex Greenwood|website=Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database|publisher=Neil Brown|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Mutuwan 2006]] i3kkwuxolmmh4m642npkm1o0nckhvi9 0 76051 549032 545960 2024-11-30T15:43:32Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar''' ( {{Lang-ar|منتخب مصر لكرة القدم للسيدات}} ), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da " [[Cleopatra|Cleopatras]] ", yana wakiltar [[Misra|Masar]] a wasan kwallon kafa na duniya na mata . Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Masar ce ke kula da ita, hukumar kula da kwallon kafa a ƙasar. Kamar yawancin ƙasashen Afirka, wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Masar bai samu ci gaba ba, yayin da Ƙungiyar maza ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan al'ada a nahiyar. == Tarihi == Ƙungiyar ta fara tashin hankali, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Rasha da ci 17-0 a wasan sada zumunta na 1993 da ba a hukumance ba. Wani dan jarida da bai ji daɗi ba a jaridar ''Masar Mail'' ya rubuta game da 'yan wasan: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maume |first=Chris |date=24 December 1993 |title=Sports Quotes of the Year: Wit and women: Verbal volleys, wars of words: 'He gets my daughter and I get tickets to the internationals' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sports-quotes-of-the-year-wit-and-women-verbal-volleys-wars-of-words-he-gets-my-daughter-and-i-get-tickets-to-the-internationals-1469407.html |access-date=14 May 2013 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> {{Cquote|Their bucksome blubbery bodies played havoc, with their running becoming turtle-paced. And the crowd shouted at them to go back home.}} Bayan wasu ci gaba, Cleopatra's sun fara buga wasansu na farko a hukumance a gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 1998 bayan da suka doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Uganda|Uganda]] a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar. Sun yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasannin rukuni-rukuni guda uku, inda suka zura kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goloboy |first=James |date=10 July 2000 |title=Africa - Women's Championship 1998 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211112725/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012 sun fito a karo na huɗu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka . [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta ƙasar Habasha|Habasha]] ce ta yi waje da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2012 |title=Fixtures and results of qualifiers for the 2012 African Womens' Championship in Equatorial Guinea. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202165959/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> Masar ta samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata a shekarar 2016 bayan ta doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] wadda aka yi wa kallon bacin rai a yayin da Ivory Coast ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a 2015 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Soliman |first=Seif |date=7 April 2016 |title=Egypt win home to Ivory Coast in 2016 women’s AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/04/07/egypt-womens-ivory-coast/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> A gasar dai Masar ta sha kashi a hannun [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kamaru|Kamaru]] da ci 2-0 da Afrika ta Kudu da ci 5-0, amma sun samu nasarar kwace wasansu na farko da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] sakamakon kwallo da Salma Tarik ta ci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Egypt exit 2016 Africa Women’s Cup of Nations after heavy loss |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822034046/https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe vs. Egypt 0 - 1 |url=https://us.women.soccerway.com/matches/2016/11/22/africa/caf-championship--wc-qualifying-africa/zimbabwe/egypt/2366305/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Masar ba ta shiga zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 ba ko kuma gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta 2018 . Tawagar ta ƙasa samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata na 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Ali |date=21 October 2021 |title=Egypt suffer heavy defeat against Tunisia in Women AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822035830/https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> Tun daga 21 ga Agusta 2023, ƙungiyar ta kasance ta 88 a duniya ta [[FIFA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women’s Rankings: African teams make the biggest upward moves |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822033733/https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=CAF Online}}</ref> == Hoton kungiya == === Laƙabi === An san ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ko kuma aka yi mata lakabi da " Cleopatras ". === Filin wasa na gida === Masar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Cairo International Stadium . === Gabaɗaya rikodin gasa === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Competition ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Stage ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Opponent ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Result ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Position ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Scorers |- |1998 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|UGA}} |1–1 1–0 | | |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} '''[[1998 African Women's Championship|1998 African Championship]]''' |First round |{{Fbw|COD|1997}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|MAR}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|NGA}} |1–4<br /><br />1–4<br /><br />0–6 |4 / 4 | |- |2000 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|REU}} |3–4 1–1 | | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ERI}} |Walkover | | |- |Second round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |0–1 0–3 | |- |2008 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |Withdrew | | |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} '''[[2009 UNAF Women's Tournament|2009 North African Tournament]]''' |Single round |{{Fbw|TUN}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|ALG}} | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |2–6<br /><br />1–1 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |3 / 3 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" | |- |2010 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |Withdrew | | |- |2012 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ETH}} |4–2 0–4 | |[[Engi Atia|Atia]] (2), [[Salma Tarek|Tarek]], [[Haiam Abd El-Hafiz|Abd El-Hafiz]] |- |2014 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |0–3, 2–2 | |[[Salma Tarek|Tarek]] |- | rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations]] | rowspan="3" |First round |{{Fbw|CMR}} |2–0 | rowspan="3" |3 / 4 |[[Gabrielle Onguéné|Onguéné]], Manie |- |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |0–1 |Tarik |- |{{Fbw|RSA}} |5–0 |[[Andisiwe Mgcoyi|Mgcoyi]], [[Nothando Vilakazi|Vilakazi]], [[Refilo Jane|Jane]], [[Jermaine Seoposenwe|Seoposenwe]], Motlhalo |} == Sakamako da gyare-gyare == Mai zuwa shine jerin sakamakon wasa a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, da kuma duk wasu wasannin gaba da aka tsara. ; Labari        {{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|19|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|11:00|2}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/Mo1WYgnT/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=[[Syntia Salha|Salha]] {{Goal|15}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|53}} *[[Sarah Essam|Essam]] {{Goal|56}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|22|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|15:00|3}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/d6dlzDv0/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=*[[Lili Iskandar|Iskandar]] {{Goal|55}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|42}} *[[Hala Maustafa|Maustafa]] {{Goal|88}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|12|5|df=y}}|time={{UTZ||3}}|round=[[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification|2024 AFWCON qualification]] [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification#Second round|Second round]] 2nd leg|score=0–0|aggregatescore=0–4|report=|team1={{fbw-rt|EGY}}|goals1=|team2={{fbw|SEN}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Al Salam Stadium (Egypt)|Al Salam Stadium]]|location=[[Cairo]], Egypt|attendance=|referee=|result=d|note=Senegal won 4–0 on aggregate.}} == Ma'aikatan koyarwa == === Ma'aikatan horarwa na yanzu === {{As of|2022|10|1}}: {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Suna ! Ref. |- | Shugaban koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> Mohammed Mustafa Abdulhamid | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=اليوم.. 20 لاعبة في انطلاق معسكر منتخب مصر للكرة النسائية |url=https://www.vetogate.com/4699159}}</ref> |- | Mataimakin koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Marwa Al Hawat]] | |- | Kocin mai tsaron gida |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Mohamed Arafet|Mohammed Arafet]] | |} === Tarihin gudanarwa === * (20xx–yanzu) Mohamed Mostafa Abdelhamid == 'Yan wasa == === Tawagar ta yanzu === An gayyaci 'yan wasa masu zuwa don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na mata na 2024{{Fbw|SEN}}</img>{{Fbw|SEN}} a watan Disamba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2023 |title=قائمة منتخب مصر في مباراتين السنغال بتصفيات امم افريقيا |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=827677136030024&set=a.492219412909133 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=facebook}}</ref> * ''Maƙasudin maƙasudi daidai kuma gami da 26 ga Agusta 2021.'' {{National football squad start (no caps)}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=1|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Maha|Al-Demerdash|Maha Shehata}}|age={{Birth date and age|1989|02|13|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=ACS Piroș Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Nasra|Eid}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Habiba|Imed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=12|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Eman|Hassan}}|age={{Birth date and age|2000|11|6|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al Hilal SFC (women)|Al Hilal]]|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=6|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Nada|Emad}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|10|3|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[National Bank of Egypt SC|National Bank of Egypt]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=4|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Noura|Khaled}}|age={{Birth date and age|2003|1|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=7|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Sara|Ismael}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|1|23|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=9|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Hala|Maustafa}}|age={{Birth date and age|2002|6|2|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=Maadi & Yacht|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Samia Adam]]|sortname=Adam, Samya|age={{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|4|19}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Galatasaray S.K. (women's football)|Galatasaray]]|clubnat=TUR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=17|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mirna|Mohsen|Mirna Youssef}}|age={{Birth date and age|1996|2|5|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Tutankhamun FC|Tutankhamun]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=20|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Maya|Iheb|Maya Abdelrazek<!--fullname=Maya Ehab El Marghany Abou El Wafa Abdelrazek-->}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|2005|3|28}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Wadi Degla SC (women)|Wadi Degla]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=22|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mahira|Ali}}|age={{Birth date and age|1997|11|1|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (women)|Kryvbas]]|clubnat=UKR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Omnia|Mahmoud}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|6|14}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al-Riyadh SC (women)|Al-Riyadh]]|clubnat=KSA}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=14|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sally|Mansour}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|15}}|caps=|goals=|club=Piros Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=11|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Menna|Tarek}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|3|1}}|caps=|goals=|club=Al-Wahda|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=10|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sarah|Essam}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|4|6}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Fundación Albacete]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Amina|Samir}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Roudina|Abed Elrassoul}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nada|Algharib}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name=[[Nour Jawher]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|3|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Basma|Mouhamed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nour|Idris}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Asma|Ali}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Noura|Abdelwahed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Layla|Cherif}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs g end}} === Thg ta yhggttgggTawagar baya === ; Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka * Tawagar gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata ta 2016 == Rikodin gasa == === Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! GP ! W ! D* ! L ! GF ! GA ! GD |- |{{Flagicon|China|}}</img> [[1991 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|1991]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Sweden}}</img> [[1995 gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata|1995]] |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[1999 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|1999]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[2003 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|2003]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|China}}</img> [[2007 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2007]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Germany}}</img> [[2011 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2011]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Canada}}</img> [[2015 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2015]] | colspan="8" rowspan="3" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|France}}</img> [[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA 2019|2019]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}}</img>{{Flagicon|New Zealand}}</img>[[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2023|2023]] |- | '''Jimlar''' | 0/9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Wasannin Olympics === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin wasannin Olympics na bazara |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! ! ! * ! ! ! ! |- |{{Flagicon|United States}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996|1996]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Japan}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="8" | ''babu shi'' |- |{{Flagicon|FRA}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024|2024]] |- ! Jimlar ! 0/7 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Africa Women Cup of Nations record |- !Year !Round !GP !W !D !L !GS !GA !GD |- |1991 | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |1995 |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[1998 Women's African Football Championship|1998]] |Group Stage |3 |0 |0 |3 |2 |14 |−12 |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2000 Women's African Football Championship|2000]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2002 Women's African Football Championship|2002]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2004 Women's African Football Championship|2004]] |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2006 Women's African Football Championship|2006]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2008 Women's African Football Championship|2008]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[2010 African Women's Football Championship|2010]] |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2012 African Women's Championship|2012]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[2014 African Women's Championship|2014]] |- |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2016]] |Group Stage |3 |1 |0 |2 |1 |7 |−6 |- |{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018]] | colspan="8" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|CGO}} [[2020 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2020]] | colspan="8" |''Cancelled'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2022]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2024]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |'''Total''' |'''Group Stage''' |'''6''' |'''1''' |'''0''' |'''5''' |'''3''' |'''21''' |'''-18''' |} === Gasar Mata ta UNAF === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin gasar mata ta UNAF |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 2 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2009|2009]] | Wuri na uku | 3rd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | -4 |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="9" | ''Janye'' |- ! Jimlar ! Nasara ! 1/2 ! 2 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 3 ! 7 ! -4 |} === Gasar Matan Larabawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin Gasar Mata ta Larabawa |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 1 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta Larabawa ta 2006|2006]] | Na hudu | 4th | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 7 | +13 |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Larabawa 2021|2021]] | Na uku | 3rd | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 7 | +11 |- ! Jimlar ! Na uku ! 2/2 ! 10 ! 4 ! 3 ! 3 ! 33 ! 12 ! +21 |} == Rikodin kai-da-kai == ; Maɓalli    Tebu mai zuwa yana nuna tarihin ƙasar Bahrain na kowane lokaci a hukumance na kowane abokin gaba: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Opponent ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W%|Win percentage}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Confederation |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ALG}} |5 |1 |2 |2 |2 |5 | -3 |20.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CMR}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|COD}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ETH}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |4 |6 | -2 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|GHA}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IND}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 | -1 |00.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IRQ}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |15 |0 | +15 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CIV}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |2 |2 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|JOR}} |10 |4 |2 |4 |8 |10 | -2 |40.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|KEN}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBN}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |9 |1 | +8 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBY}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |12 |0 | +12 |100.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|MAR}} |5 |0 |0 |5 |4 |18 | -14 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|NGA}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 | -6 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|PLE}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |13 |0 | +13 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|REU}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |4 |5 | -1 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SEN}} |2 |1 |1 |0 |2 |1 | +1 |50.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|RSA}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |8 | -7 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SUD}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |10 |0 | +10 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SYR}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |6 |0 | +6 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|TUN}} |10 |2 |2 |6 |12 |25 | -13 |16.67 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|UGA}} |4 |3 |1 |0 |7 |2 | +5 |75.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZAM}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |5 |2 |1 |2 |8 |8 |0 |40.00 |CAF |- !Total !68 !25 !11 !32 !122 !111 !+11 !36.76 !— |} <small>An sabunta ta ƙarshe: Masar vs Jordan, 10 Oktoba 2022.</small> == Duba kuma ==   * Wasanni a Masar ** [[Kwallon kafa a Masar]] *** Kwallon kafa na mata a Masar * Mata musulmi a wasanni * Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Masar * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 20 * [[Egypt women's national under-17 football team|Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 17]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rnfuz248bazzc5pr09mlf03u4dabzye 549034 549032 2024-11-30T15:43:54Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar''' ( {{Lang-ar|منتخب مصر لكرة القدم للسيدات}} ), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da " [[Cleopatra|Cleopatras]] ", yana wakiltar [[Misra|Masar]] a wasan kwallon kafa na duniya na mata . Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Masar ce ke kula da ita, hukumar kula da kwallon kafa a ƙasar. Kamar yawancin ƙasashen Afirka, wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Masar bai samu ci gaba ba, yayin da Ƙungiyar maza ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan al'ada a nahiyar. == Tarihi == Ƙungiyar ta fara tashin hankali, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Rasha da ci 17-0 a wasan sada zumunta na 1993 da ba a hukumance ba. Wani dan jarida da bai ji daɗi ba a jaridar ''Masar Mail'' ya rubuta game da 'yan wasan: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maume |first=Chris |date=24 December 1993 |title=Sports Quotes of the Year: Wit and women: Verbal volleys, wars of words: 'He gets my daughter and I get tickets to the internationals' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sports-quotes-of-the-year-wit-and-women-verbal-volleys-wars-of-words-he-gets-my-daughter-and-i-get-tickets-to-the-internationals-1469407.html |access-date=14 May 2013 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> {{Cquote|Their bucksome blubbery bodies played havoc, with their running becoming turtle-paced. And the crowd shouted at them to go back home.}} Bayan wasu ci gaba, Cleopatra's sun fara buga wasansu na farko a hukumance a gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 1998 bayan da suka doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Uganda|Uganda]] a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar. Sun yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasannin rukuni-rukuni guda uku, inda suka zura kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goloboy |first=James |date=10 July 2000 |title=Africa - Women's Championship 1998 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211112725/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012 sun fito a karo na huɗu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka . [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta ƙasar Habasha|Habasha]] ce ta yi waje da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2012 |title=Fixtures and results of qualifiers for the 2012 African Womens' Championship in Equatorial Guinea. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202165959/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> Masar ta samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata a shekarar 2016 bayan ta doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] wadda aka yi wa kallon bacin rai a yayin da Ivory Coast ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a 2015 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Soliman |first=Seif |date=7 April 2016 |title=Egypt win home to Ivory Coast in 2016 women’s AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/04/07/egypt-womens-ivory-coast/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> A gasar dai Masar ta sha kashi a hannun [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kamaru|Kamaru]] da ci 2-0 da Afrika ta Kudu da ci 5-0, amma sun samu nasarar kwace wasansu na farko da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] sakamakon kwallo da Salma Tarik ta ci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Egypt exit 2016 Africa Women’s Cup of Nations after heavy loss |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822034046/https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe vs. Egypt 0 - 1 |url=https://us.women.soccerway.com/matches/2016/11/22/africa/caf-championship--wc-qualifying-africa/zimbabwe/egypt/2366305/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Masar ba ta shiga zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 ba ko kuma gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta 2018 . Tawagar ta ƙasa samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata na 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Ali |date=21 October 2021 |title=Egypt suffer heavy defeat against Tunisia in Women AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822035830/https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> Tun daga 21 ga Agusta 2023, ƙungiyar ta kasance ta 88 a duniya ta [[FIFA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women’s Rankings: African teams make the biggest upward moves |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822033733/https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=CAF Online}}</ref> == Hoton kungiya == === Laƙabi === An san ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ko kuma aka yi mata lakabi da " Cleopatras ". === Filin wasa na gida === Masar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Cairo International Stadium . === Gabaɗaya rikodin gasa === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Competition ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Stage ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Opponent ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Result ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Position ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Scorers |- |1998 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|UGA}} |1–1 1–0 | | |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} '''[[1998 African Women's Championship|1998 African Championship]]''' |First round |{{Fbw|COD|1997}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|MAR}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|NGA}} |1–4<br /><br />1–4<br /><br />0–6 |4 / 4 | |- |2000 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|REU}} |3–4 1–1 | | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ERI}} |Walkover | | |- |Second round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |0–1 0–3 | |- |2008 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |Withdrew | | |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} '''[[2009 UNAF Women's Tournament|2009 North African Tournament]]''' |Single round |{{Fbw|TUN}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|ALG}} | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |2–6<br /><br />1–1 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |3 / 3 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" | |- |2010 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |Withdrew | | |- |2012 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ETH}} |4–2 0–4 | |[[Engi Atia|Atia]] (2), [[Salma Tarek|Tarek]], [[Haiam Abd El-Hafiz|Abd El-Hafiz]] |- |2014 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |0–3, 2–2 | |[[Salma Tarek|Tarek]] |- | rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations]] | rowspan="3" |First round |{{Fbw|CMR}} |2–0 | rowspan="3" |3 / 4 |[[Gabrielle Onguéné|Onguéné]], Manie |- |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |0–1 |Tarik |- |{{Fbw|RSA}} |5–0 |[[Andisiwe Mgcoyi|Mgcoyi]], [[Nothando Vilakazi|Vilakazi]], [[Refilo Jane|Jane]], [[Jermaine Seoposenwe|Seoposenwe]], Motlhalo |} == Sakamako da gyare-gyare == Mai zuwa shine jerin sakamakon wasa a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, da kuma duk wasu wasannin gaba da aka tsara. ; Labari        {{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|19|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|11:00|2}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/Mo1WYgnT/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=[[Syntia Salha|Salha]] {{Goal|15}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|53}} *[[Sarah Essam|Essam]] {{Goal|56}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|22|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|15:00|3}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/d6dlzDv0/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=*[[Lili Iskandar|Iskandar]] {{Goal|55}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|42}} *[[Hala Maustafa|Maustafa]] {{Goal|88}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|12|5|df=y}}|time={{UTZ||3}}|round=[[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification|2024 AFWCON qualification]] [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification#Second round|Second round]] 2nd leg|score=0–0|aggregatescore=0–4|report=|team1={{fbw-rt|EGY}}|goals1=|team2={{fbw|SEN}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Al Salam Stadium (Egypt)|Al Salam Stadium]]|location=[[Cairo]], Egypt|attendance=|referee=|result=d|note=Senegal won 4–0 on aggregate.}} == Ma'aikatan koyarwa == === Ma'aikatan horarwa na yanzu === {{As of|2022|10|1}}: {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Suna ! Ref. |- | Shugaban koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> Mohammed Mustafa Abdulhamid | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=اليوم.. 20 لاعبة في انطلاق معسكر منتخب مصر للكرة النسائية |url=https://www.vetogate.com/4699159}}</ref> |- | Mataimakin koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Marwa Al Hawat]] | |- | Kocin mai tsaron gida |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Mohamed Arafet|Mohammed Arafet]] | |} === Tarihin gudanarwa === * (20xx–yanzu) Mohamed Mostafa Abdelhamid == 'Yan wasa == === Tawagar ta yanzu === An gayyaci 'yan wasa masu zuwa don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na mata na 2024{{Fbw|SEN}}</img>{{Fbw|SEN}} a watan Disamba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2023 |title=قائمة منتخب مصر في مباراتين السنغال بتصفيات امم افريقيا |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=827677136030024&set=a.492219412909133 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=facebook}}</ref> * ''Maƙasudin maƙasudi daidai kuma gami da 26 ga Agusta 2021.'' {{National football squad start (no caps)}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=1|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Maha|Al-Demerdash|Maha Shehata}}|age={{Birth date and age|1989|02|13|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=ACS Piroș Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Nasra|Eid}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Habiba|Imed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=12|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Eman|Hassan}}|age={{Birth date and age|2000|11|6|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al Hilal SFC (women)|Al Hilal]]|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=6|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Nada|Emad}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|10|3|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[National Bank of Egypt SC|National Bank of Egypt]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=4|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Noura|Khaled}}|age={{Birth date and age|2003|1|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=7|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Sara|Ismael}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|1|23|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=9|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Hala|Maustafa}}|age={{Birth date and age|2002|6|2|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=Maadi & Yacht|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Samia Adam]]|sortname=Adam, Samya|age={{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|4|19}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Galatasaray S.K. (women's football)|Galatasaray]]|clubnat=TUR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=17|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mirna|Mohsen|Mirna Youssef}}|age={{Birth date and age|1996|2|5|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Tutankhamun FC|Tutankhamun]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=20|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Maya|Iheb|Maya Abdelrazek<!--fullname=Maya Ehab El Marghany Abou El Wafa Abdelrazek-->}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|2005|3|28}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Wadi Degla SC (women)|Wadi Degla]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=22|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mahira|Ali}}|age={{Birth date and age|1997|11|1|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (women)|Kryvbas]]|clubnat=UKR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Omnia|Mahmoud}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|6|14}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al-Riyadh SC (women)|Al-Riyadh]]|clubnat=KSA}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=14|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sally|Mansour}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|15}}|caps=|goals=|club=Piros Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=11|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Menna|Tarek}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|3|1}}|caps=|goals=|club=Al-Wahda|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=10|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sarah|Essam}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|4|6}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Fundación Albacete]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Amina|Samir}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Roudina|Abed Elrassoul}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nada|Algharib}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name=[[Nour Jawher]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|3|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Basma|Mouhamed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nour|Idris}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Asma|Ali}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Noura|Abdelwahed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Layla|Cherif}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs g end}} === Thg ta yhggttgggTawagar baya === ; Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka * Tawagar gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata ta 2016 == Rikodin gasa == === Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! GP ! W ! D* ! L ! GF ! GA ! GD |- |{{Flagicon|China|}}</img> [[1991 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|1991]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Sweden}}</img> [[1995 gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata|1995]] |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[1999 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|1999]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[2003 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|2003]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|China}}</img> [[2007 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2007]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Germany}}</img> [[2011 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2011]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Canada}}</img> [[2015 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2015]] | colspan="8" rowspan="3" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|France}}</img> [[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA 2019|2019]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}}</img>{{Flagicon|New Zealand}}</img>[[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2023|2023]] |- | '''Jimlar''' | 0/9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Wasannin Olympics === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin wasannin Olympics na bazara |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! ! ! * ! ! ! ! |- |{{Flagicon|United States}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996|1996]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Japan}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="8" | ''babu shi'' |- |{{Flagicon|FRA}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024|2024]] |- ! Jimlar ! 0/7 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Africa Women Cup of Nations record |- !Year !Round !GP !W !D !L !GS !GA !GD |- |1991 | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |1995 |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[1998 Women's African Football Championship|1998]] |Group Stage |3 |0 |0 |3 |2 |14 |−12 |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2000 Women's African Football Championship|2000]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2002 Women's African Football Championship|2002]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2004 Women's African Football Championship|2004]] |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2006 Women's African Football Championship|2006]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2008 Women's African Football Championship|2008]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[2010 African Women's Football Championship|2010]] |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2012 African Women's Championship|2012]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[2014 African Women's Championship|2014]] |- |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2016]] |Group Stage |3 |1 |0 |2 |1 |7 |−6 |- |{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018]] | colspan="8" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|CGO}} [[2020 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2020]] | colspan="8" |''Cancelled'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2022]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2024]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |'''Total''' |'''Group Stage''' |'''6''' |'''1''' |'''0''' |'''5''' |'''3''' |'''21''' |'''-18''' |} === Gasar Mata ta UNAF === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin gasar mata ta UNAF |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 2 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2009|2009]] | Wuri na uku | 3rd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | -4 |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="9" | ''Janye'' |- ! Jimlar ! Nasara ! 1/2 ! 2 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 3 ! 7 ! -4 |} === Gasar Matan Larabawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin Gasar Mata ta Larabawa |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 1 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta Larabawa ta 2006|2006]] | Na hudu | 4th | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 7 | +13 |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Larabawa 2021|2021]] | Na uku | 3rd | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 7 | +11 |- ! Jimlar ! Na uku ! 2/2 ! 10 ! 4 ! 3 ! 3 ! 33 ! 12 ! +21 |} == Rikodin kai-da-kai == ; Maɓalli    Tebu mai zuwa yana nuna tarihin ƙasar Bahrain na kowane lokaci a hukumance na kowane abokin gaba: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Opponent ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W%|Win percentage}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Confederation |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ALG}} |5 |1 |2 |2 |2 |5 | -3 |20.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CMR}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|COD}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ETH}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |4 |6 | -2 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|GHA}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IND}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 | -1 |00.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IRQ}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |15 |0 | +15 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CIV}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |2 |2 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|JOR}} |10 |4 |2 |4 |8 |10 | -2 |40.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|KEN}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBN}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |9 |1 | +8 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBY}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |12 |0 | +12 |100.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|MAR}} |5 |0 |0 |5 |4 |18 | -14 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|NGA}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 | -6 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|PLE}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |13 |0 | +13 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|REU}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |4 |5 | -1 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SEN}} |2 |1 |1 |0 |2 |1 | +1 |50.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|RSA}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |8 | -7 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SUD}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |10 |0 | +10 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SYR}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |6 |0 | +6 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|TUN}} |10 |2 |2 |6 |12 |25 | -13 |16.67 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|UGA}} |4 |3 |1 |0 |7 |2 | +5 |75.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZAM}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |5 |2 |1 |2 |8 |8 |0 |40.00 |CAF |- !Total !68 !25 !11 !32 !122 !111 !+11 !36.76 !— |} <small>An sabunta ta ƙarshe: Masar vs Jordan, 10 Oktoba 2022.</small> == Duba kuma ==   * Wasanni a Masar ** [[Kwallon kafa a Masar]] *** Kwallon kafa na mata a Masar * Mata musulmi a wasanni * Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Masar * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 20 * [[Egypt women's national under-17 football team|Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 17]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3dxcdfaxke004nalk1jjl2r1ywwo0we 549036 549034 2024-11-30T15:44:50Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar''' ( {{Lang-ar|منتخب مصر لكرة القدم للسيدات}} ), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da " [[Cleopatra|Cleopatras]] ", yana wakiltar [[Misra|Masar]] a wasan kwallon kafa na duniya na mata . Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Masar ce ke kula da ita, hukumar kula da kwallon kafa a ƙasar. Kamar yawancin ƙasashen Afirka, wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Masar bai samu ci gaba ba, yayin da Ƙungiyar maza ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan al'ada a nahiyar. == Tarihi == Ƙungiyar ta fara tashin hankali, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Rasha da ci 17-0 a wasan sada zumunta na 1993 da ba a hukumance ba. Wani dan jarida da bai ji daɗi ba a jaridar ''Masar Mail'' ya rubuta game da 'yan wasan: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maume |first=Chris |date=24 December 1993 |title=Sports Quotes of the Year: Wit and women: Verbal volleys, wars of words: 'He gets my daughter and I get tickets to the internationals' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sports-quotes-of-the-year-wit-and-women-verbal-volleys-wars-of-words-he-gets-my-daughter-and-i-get-tickets-to-the-internationals-1469407.html |access-date=14 May 2013 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> {{Cquote|Their bucksome blubbery bodies played havoc, with their running becoming turtle-paced. And the crowd shouted at them to go back home.}} Bayan wasu ci gaba, Cleopatra's sun fara buga wasansu na farko a hukumance a gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 1998 bayan da suka doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Uganda|Uganda]] a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar. Sun yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasannin rukuni-rukuni guda uku, inda suka zura kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goloboy |first=James |date=10 July 2000 |title=Africa - Women's Championship 1998 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211112725/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women98.html |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012 sun fito a karo na huɗu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka . [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta ƙasar Habasha|Habasha]] ce ta yi waje da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2012 |title=Fixtures and results of qualifiers for the 2012 African Womens' Championship in Equatorial Guinea. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202165959/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9710710.stm |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> Masar ta samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata a shekarar 2016 bayan ta doke [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] wadda aka yi wa kallon bacin rai a yayin da Ivory Coast ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a 2015 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Soliman |first=Seif |date=7 April 2016 |title=Egypt win home to Ivory Coast in 2016 women’s AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/04/07/egypt-womens-ivory-coast/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> A gasar dai Masar ta sha kashi a hannun [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kamaru|Kamaru]] da ci 2-0 da Afrika ta Kudu da ci 5-0, amma sun samu nasarar kwace wasansu na farko da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] sakamakon kwallo da Salma Tarik ta ci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Egypt exit 2016 Africa Women’s Cup of Nations after heavy loss |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822034046/https://www.kingfut.com/2016/11/26/egypt-exit-2016-awcon-heavy-loss/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe vs. Egypt 0 - 1 |url=https://us.women.soccerway.com/matches/2016/11/22/africa/caf-championship--wc-qualifying-africa/zimbabwe/egypt/2366305/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Masar ba ta shiga zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 ba ko kuma gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta 2018 . Tawagar ta ƙasa samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata na 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Ali |date=21 October 2021 |title=Egypt suffer heavy defeat against Tunisia in Women AFCON qualifiers |url=https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822035830/https://www.kingfut.com/2021/10/21/egypt-women-lose-to-tunisia/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=KingFut}}</ref> Tun daga 21 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta kasance ta 88 a duniya ta [[FIFA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women’s Rankings: African teams make the biggest upward moves |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822033733/https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/fifa-women-s-rankings-african-teams-make-the-biggest-upward-moves/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=CAF Online}}</ref> == Hoton kungiya == === Laƙabi === An san ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ko kuma aka yi mata lakabi da " Cleopatras ". === Filin wasa na gida === Masar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Cairo International Stadium . === Gabaɗaya rikodin gasa === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Competition ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Stage ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Opponent ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Result ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Position ! style="background:#0070FF;color:white;" |Scorers |- |1998 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|UGA}} |1–1 1–0 | | |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} '''[[1998 African Women's Championship|1998 African Championship]]''' |First round |{{Fbw|COD|1997}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|MAR}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|NGA}} |1–4<br /><br />1–4<br /><br />0–6 |4 / 4 | |- |2000 African Championship qualifying |Single round |{{Fbw|REU}} |3–4 1–1 | | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ERI}} |Walkover | | |- |Second round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |0–1 0–3 | |- |2008 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |Withdrew | | |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} '''[[2009 UNAF Women's Tournament|2009 North African Tournament]]''' |Single round |{{Fbw|TUN}}<br /><br />{{Fbw|ALG}} | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |2–6<br /><br />1–1 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" |3 / 3 | bgcolor="#d2b48c" | |- |2010 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ALG}} |Withdrew | | |- |2012 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|ETH}} |4–2 0–4 | |[[Engi Atia|Atia]] (2), [[Salma Tarek|Tarek]], [[Haiam Abd El-Hafiz|Abd El-Hafiz]] |- |2014 African Championship qualifying |First round |{{Fbw|TUN}} |0–3, 2–2 | |[[Salma Tarek|Tarek]] |- | rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations]] | rowspan="3" |First round |{{Fbw|CMR}} |2–0 | rowspan="3" |3 / 4 |[[Gabrielle Onguéné|Onguéné]], Manie |- |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |0–1 |Tarik |- |{{Fbw|RSA}} |5–0 |[[Andisiwe Mgcoyi|Mgcoyi]], [[Nothando Vilakazi|Vilakazi]], [[Refilo Jane|Jane]], [[Jermaine Seoposenwe|Seoposenwe]], Motlhalo |} == Sakamako da gyare-gyare == Mai zuwa shine jerin sakamakon wasa a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, da kuma duk wasu wasannin gaba da aka tsara. ; Labari        {{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|19|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|11:00|2}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/Mo1WYgnT/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=[[Syntia Salha|Salha]] {{Goal|15}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|53}} *[[Sarah Essam|Essam]] {{Goal|56}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|2|22|df=y}}|time={{UTZ|15:00|3}}|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|team1={{fbw-rt|LBN}}|score=1–2|report=https://www.flashscore.com/match/d6dlzDv0/#/match-summary|team2={{fbw|EGY}}|goals1=*[[Lili Iskandar|Iskandar]] {{Goal|55}}|goals2=*[[Sara Ismael|Ismael]] {{Goal|42}} *[[Hala Maustafa|Maustafa]] {{Goal|88}}|stadium=[[Fouad Chehab Stadium]]|location=[[Jounieh]], Lebanon|attendance=|referee=[[Doumouh Al Bakkar]] ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])|result=W}}{{Football box collapsible|format=1|date={{Start date|2023|12|5|df=y}}|time={{UTZ||3}}|round=[[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification|2024 AFWCON qualification]] [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification#Second round|Second round]] 2nd leg|score=0–0|aggregatescore=0–4|report=|team1={{fbw-rt|EGY}}|goals1=|team2={{fbw|SEN}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Al Salam Stadium (Egypt)|Al Salam Stadium]]|location=[[Cairo]], Egypt|attendance=|referee=|result=d|note=Senegal won 4–0 on aggregate.}} == Ma'aikatan koyarwa == === Ma'aikatan horarwa na yanzu === {{As of|2022|10|1}}: {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Suna ! Ref. |- | Shugaban koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> Mohammed Mustafa Abdulhamid | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=اليوم.. 20 لاعبة في انطلاق معسكر منتخب مصر للكرة النسائية |url=https://www.vetogate.com/4699159}}</ref> |- | Mataimakin koci |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Marwa Al Hawat]] | |- | Kocin mai tsaron gida |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Mohamed Arafet|Mohammed Arafet]] | |} === Tarihin gudanarwa === * (20xx–yanzu) Mohamed Mostafa Abdelhamid == 'Yan wasa == === Tawagar ta yanzu === An gayyaci 'yan wasa masu zuwa don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na mata na 2024{{Fbw|SEN}}</img>{{Fbw|SEN}} a watan Disamba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2023 |title=قائمة منتخب مصر في مباراتين السنغال بتصفيات امم افريقيا |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=827677136030024&set=a.492219412909133 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=facebook}}</ref> * ''Maƙasudin maƙasudi daidai kuma gami da 26 ga Agusta 2021.'' {{National football squad start (no caps)}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=1|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Maha|Al-Demerdash|Maha Shehata}}|age={{Birth date and age|1989|02|13|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=ACS Piroș Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Nasra|Eid}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=GK|name={{Sortname|Habiba|Imed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=12|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Eman|Hassan}}|age={{Birth date and age|2000|11|6|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al Hilal SFC (women)|Al Hilal]]|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=6|pos=DF|name={{Sortname|Nada|Emad}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|10|3|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[National Bank of Egypt SC|National Bank of Egypt]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=4|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Noura|Khaled}}|age={{Birth date and age|2003|1|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Pyramids FC|Pyramids]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=7|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Sara|Ismael}}|age={{Birth date and age|1999|1|23|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=9|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Hala|Maustafa}}|age={{Birth date and age|2002|6|2|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=Maadi & Yacht|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Samia Adam]]|sortname=Adam, Samya|age={{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|4|19}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Galatasaray S.K. (women's football)|Galatasaray]]|clubnat=TUR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=17|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mirna|Mohsen|Mirna Youssef}}|age={{Birth date and age|1996|2|5|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Tutankhamun FC|Tutankhamun]]|clubnat=EGY}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=20|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Maya|Iheb|Maya Abdelrazek<!--fullname=Maya Ehab El Marghany Abou El Wafa Abdelrazek-->}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|2005|3|28}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Wadi Degla SC (women)|Wadi Degla]]|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=22|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Mahira|Ali}}|age={{Birth date and age|1997|11|1|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (women)|Kryvbas]]|clubnat=UKR|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=MF|name={{Sortname|Omnia|Mahmoud}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|6|14}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Al-Riyadh SC (women)|Al-Riyadh]]|clubnat=KSA}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=14|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sally|Mansour}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|15}}|caps=|goals=|club=Piros Security|clubnat=ROM|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=11|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Menna|Tarek}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|3|1}}|caps=|goals=|club=Al-Wahda|clubnat=KSA|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=10|pos=FW|name={{Sortname|Sarah|Essam}}|age={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|4|6}}|caps=|goals=|club=[[Fundación Albacete]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=}} {{nat fs break}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Amina|Samir}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Roudina|Abed Elrassoul}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nada|Algharib}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name=[[Nour Jawher]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|3|8|df=y}}|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=EGY|latest=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Basma|Mouhamed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Nour|Idris}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Asma|Ali}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Noura|Abdelwahed}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs player no caps|no=|pos=|name={{Sortname|Layla|Cherif}}|age=|caps=|goals=|club=|clubnat=}} {{nat fs g end}} === Thg ta yhggttgggTawagar baya === ; Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka * Tawagar gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata ta 2016 == Rikodin gasa == === Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! GP ! W ! D* ! L ! GF ! GA ! GD |- |{{Flagicon|China|}}</img> [[1991 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|1991]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Sweden}}</img> [[1995 gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata|1995]] |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[1999 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|1999]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|USA}}</img> [[2003 FIFA Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya|2003]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|China}}</img> [[2007 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2007]] | colspan="8" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Germany}}</img> [[2011 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2011]] | colspan="8" | ''Ban Shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Canada}}</img> [[2015 FIFA cin kofin duniya na mata|2015]] | colspan="8" rowspan="3" | ''Bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|France}}</img> [[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA 2019|2019]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}}</img>{{Flagicon|New Zealand}}</img>[[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2023|2023]] |- | '''Jimlar''' | 0/9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Wasannin Olympics === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin wasannin Olympics na bazara |- ! Shekara ! Sakamako ! ! ! * ! ! ! ! |- |{{Flagicon|United States}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996|1996]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Japan}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="8" | ''babu shi'' |- |{{Flagicon|FRA}}</img> [[Kwallon kafa a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024|2024]] |- ! Jimlar ! 0/7 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 |} : ''*Jana'izar sun hada da wasan knockout da aka yanke akan bugun fanareti .'' === Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Afirka === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:50%;" ! colspan="9" |Africa Women Cup of Nations record |- !Year !Round !GP !W !D !L !GS !GA !GD |- |1991 | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |1995 |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[1998 Women's African Football Championship|1998]] |Group Stage |3 |0 |0 |3 |2 |14 |−12 |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2000 Women's African Football Championship|2000]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2002 Women's African Football Championship|2002]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|ZAF}} [[2004 Women's African Football Championship|2004]] |- |{{Flagicon|NGA}} [[2006 Women's African Football Championship|2006]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2008 Women's African Football Championship|2008]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[2010 African Women's Football Championship|2010]] |- |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[2012 African Women's Championship|2012]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[2014 African Women's Championship|2014]] |- |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2016]] |Group Stage |3 |1 |0 |2 |1 |7 |−6 |- |{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018]] | colspan="8" |''Did Not Enter'' |- |{{Flagicon|CGO}} [[2020 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2020]] | colspan="8" |''Cancelled'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2022]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2024]] | colspan="8" |''Did not qualify'' |- |'''Total''' |'''Group Stage''' |'''6''' |'''1''' |'''0''' |'''5''' |'''3''' |'''21''' |'''-18''' |} === Gasar Mata ta UNAF === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin gasar mata ta UNAF |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 2 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2009|2009]] | Wuri na uku | 3rd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | -4 |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta UNAF ta 2020|2020]] | colspan="9" | ''Janye'' |- ! Jimlar ! Nasara ! 1/2 ! 2 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 3 ! 7 ! -4 |} === Gasar Matan Larabawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" ! colspan="10" |Rikodin Gasar Mata ta Larabawa |- ! colspan="10" | Bayyanar: 1 |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- bgcolor="" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Mata ta Larabawa ta 2006|2006]] | Na hudu | 4th | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 7 | +13 |- bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{Flagicon|EGY}}</img> [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Larabawa 2021|2021]] | Na uku | 3rd | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 7 | +11 |- ! Jimlar ! Na uku ! 2/2 ! 10 ! 4 ! 3 ! 3 ! 33 ! 12 ! +21 |} == Rikodin kai-da-kai == ; Maɓalli    Tebu mai zuwa yana nuna tarihin ƙasar Bahrain na kowane lokaci a hukumance na kowane abokin gaba: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Opponent ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;" |{{Tooltip|W%|Win percentage}} ! style="background-color:#C8102E;color:white" |Confederation |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ALG}} |5 |1 |2 |2 |2 |5 | -3 |20.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CMR}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|COD}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ETH}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |4 |6 | -2 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|GHA}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |1 |4 | -3 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IND}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 | -1 |00.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|IRQ}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |15 |0 | +15 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|CIV}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |2 |2 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|JOR}} |10 |4 |2 |4 |8 |10 | -2 |40.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|KEN}} |2 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 |0 |50.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBN}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |9 |1 | +8 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|LBY}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |12 |0 | +12 |100.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|MAR}} |5 |0 |0 |5 |4 |18 | -14 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|NGA}} |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 | -6 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|PLE}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |13 |0 | +13 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|REU}} |2 |0 |1 |1 |4 |5 | -1 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SEN}} |2 |1 |1 |0 |2 |1 | +1 |50.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|RSA}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |8 | -7 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SUD}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |10 |0 | +10 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|SYR}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |6 |0 | +6 |100.00 |AFC |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|TUN}} |10 |2 |2 |6 |12 |25 | -13 |16.67 |CAF |- bgcolor="CCFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|UGA}} |4 |3 |1 |0 |7 |2 | +5 |75.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFDACC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZAM}} |2 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 | -2 |00.00 |CAF |- bgcolor="FFFFCC" | style="text-align:left;" |{{Fbw|ZIM}} |5 |2 |1 |2 |8 |8 |0 |40.00 |CAF |- !Total !68 !25 !11 !32 !122 !111 !+11 !36.76 !— |} <small>An sabunta ta ƙarshe: Masar vs Jordan, 10 Oktoba 2022.</small> == Duba kuma ==   * Wasanni a Masar ** [[Kwallon kafa a Masar]] *** Kwallon kafa na mata a Masar * Mata musulmi a wasanni * Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Masar * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 20 * [[Egypt women's national under-17 football team|Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Masar ta kasa da shekaru 17]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7jkg8fehwon7qsuj9ip0i6lzzch5gsw 0 76150 549164 405507 2024-11-30T19:33:25Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zabubbuka''' na iya nufin: == Fasaha, nishadi, da kafofin watsa labarai == * Zabin (album) , kundin shekarar 1982 na Kim Wilde * Zabin (mujallar) , mujallar kida ta Burtaniya a shekara ta 1990 da shekarar 2001. * MTV Select, shirin kida na talabijin na shekara ta 1996 zuwa shekarar 2001 * Zadi Live, shirin kida na talabijin na New Zealand na shekarar 2003 da shekara ta 2010 * <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">Zabubbuka</i></nowiki> (album) , kundi na 2002 na Zakir Hussain == Alamomi da kamfanoni == * Zabubbuka (sashin kayan ado) , mai sayar da kayan ado / tufafin mata na Burtaniya * Zabi Citywalk, wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Delhi, Indiya * Zabin Wasanni A / S, mai kera kayan wasanni na Denmark * Zabin (aperitif), dandano na Italiyanci == Fasaha == * Zabi (SQL), maballin kalma a cikin SQL * zabar (Unix), kiran tsarin (a cikin sys / select.h ko unistd.h) don jefa kuri'a masu bayyana fayil da yawa * , wani bangaren HTMLYanayin HTML * Zabin Cable, saiti a kan na'urorin Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) wanda ke ba da damar matsayi a kan kebul don kayyade rawar da ake takawa * Zabin sauri, algori^th don zabar karamin bangaren karami na tsararru == Sauran amfani == * SELECT (Kungiyar 'Yan kwangila na lantarki ta Scotland) * Selenium da Vitamin E gwajin rigakafin cutar kansa, gwajin rigakafi na cutar kansa ta prostate == Dubi kuma == [[Category:Pick]] [[Category:Nominate]] [[Category:Stipulate]] f6e5w2o4ykbpgbagk0ykzb5p4kf6gmz 549165 549164 2024-11-30T19:33:48Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 549165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zabubbuka''' na iya nufin: == Fasaha, nishadi, da kafofin watsa labarai == * Zabin (album) , kundin shekarar 1982 na Kim Wilde * Zabin (mujallar) , mujallar kida ta Burtaniya a shekara ta 1990 da shekarar 2001. * MTV Select, shirin kida na talabijin na shekara ta 1996 zuwa shekarar 2001 * Zadi Live, shirin kida na talabijin na New Zealand na shekarar 2003 da shekara ta 2010 * <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">Zabubbuka</i></nowiki> (album) , kundi na shekarar 2002 na Zakir Hussain == Alamomi da kamfanoni == * Zabubbuka (sashin kayan ado) , mai sayar da kayan ado / tufafin mata na Burtaniya * Zabi Citywalk, wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Delhi, Indiya * Zabin Wasanni A / S, mai kera kayan wasanni na Denmark * Zabin (aperitif), dandano na Italiyanci == Fasaha == * Zabi (SQL), maballin kalma a cikin SQL * zabar (Unix), kiran tsarin (a cikin sys / select.h ko unistd.h) don jefa kuri'a masu bayyana fayil da yawa * , wani bangaren HTMLYanayin HTML * Zabin Cable, saiti a kan na'urorin Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) wanda ke ba da damar matsayi a kan kebul don kayyade rawar da ake takawa * Zabin sauri, algori^th don zabar karamin bangaren karami na tsararru == Sauran amfani == * SELECT (Kungiyar 'Yan kwangila na lantarki ta Scotland) * Selenium da Vitamin E gwajin rigakafin cutar kansa, gwajin rigakafi na cutar kansa ta prostate == Dubi kuma == [[Category:Pick]] [[Category:Nominate]] [[Category:Stipulate]] t7t54h0jx8x3lq5rgl4hxea1xrunmex 0 76316 549103 509988 2024-11-30T16:46:39Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Wrestling (Men’s Freestyle 55Kg) Azhar Hussain of Pakistan (Gold), Ebikewenimo Welson of Nigeria (Silver) and Anil Kumar of India (Bronze), during the medal presentation ceremony.jpg|thumb|Nigeria a wasa n common wealth]] [[Fayil:Marie Du Bose (Mrs. Samuel Wragg).jpg|thumb|Bose Samuel]] [[Fayil:Marie Du Bose (Mrs. Samuel Wragg).jpg|thumb|Bose Samuel]] '''Bose Samuel''' ƴar gwagwarmayar Najeriya ce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrestling {{!}} Athlete Profile: Bose SAMUEL - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/wrestling/athlete-profile-n6020035-bose-samuel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173631/https://results.gc2018.com/en/wrestling/athlete-profile-n6020035-bose-samuel.htm |archive-date=2018-04-03 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=results.gc2018.com}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar azurfa a [[Wasannin Afirka]] kuma ta lashe lambar tagulla a Wasannin Commonwealth . == Ayyuka == Ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar cin kofin mata ta 53 kg a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Australia . A shekarar 2019, ta wakilci Najeriya a Wasannin Afirka da aka gudanar a Rabat, Morocco kuma ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin mata ta 53 kg.<ref name="wrestling_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games Wrestling Results Book |url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/results_08_eljadida.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707163602/https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/results_08_eljadida.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> [[Fayil:The Rt. Rev. Theodore DuBose Bratton.jpg|thumb|Bose Samuel]] A shekarar 2020, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin mata ta 53 kg a gasar zakarun Afirka da aka gudanar a Algiers, Aljeriya.<ref name="adekuoroye_climbs_no_1_2020">{{Cite news|last=Olanowski|first=Eric|url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/article/adekuoroye-climbs-world-no-1-after-winning-fifth-african-title|title=Adekuoroye Climbs to World No. 1 After Winning Fifth African Title|date=8 February 2020|work=United World Wrestling|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="african_wrestling_championships_results_book_2020">{{Cite web|title=2020 African Wrestling Championships Results Book|url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/results_02_alger.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616174611/https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/results_02_alger.pdf|archive-date=16 June 2020|access-date=16 June 2020|website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> Ta yi gasa a gasar cin kofin Olympic ta Afirka da Oceania ta 2021 tana fatan samun cancanta ga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan . == Babban sakamako == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" !Shekara !Gasar !Wurin da yake !Sakamakon !Abin da ya faru |- |2018 |Wasannin Commonwealth |Gold Coast, Ostiraliya | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" |Na uku |Freestyle 53 kg |- |2019 |Wasannin Afirka |Rabat, Maroko | align="center" bgcolor="silver" |Na biyu |Freestyle 53 kg |- |2020 |Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka |Algiers, Algeria | align="center" bgcolor="silver" |Na biyu |Freestyle 53 kg |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] egpv2e67nyehwnelzts9c4ppkby8dg0 0 76669 549024 461135 2024-11-30T15:42:20Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Aljeriya ta kasa da shekaru 18''' ita ce mai wakiltar [[Aljeriya]] a gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta ƙasa da kasa ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma hukumar kwallon kafar Aljeriya ce ke kula da ita. Ƙungiyar ta fafata a cikin Wasannin Bahar Rum, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara hudu. Kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 kuma tana halartar wasannin sada zumunta na gida da na waje. == Tawagar ta yanzu == * '''An kira 'yan wasan da ke zuwa don Kwallon kafa a Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022 . ''' * '''Kwanakin wasa:''' 26 Yuni - 5 Yuli 2022 * '''Kwallaye da kwallaye daidai kamar na:''' 12 Oktoba 2021, bayan wasan da suka yi da</img> Faransa  == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.faf.dz/ Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704163935/http://www.faf.dz/ |date=2009-07-04 }} - shafin hukuma {{In lang|fr}} cc3trd2udo7mhuuauheme7mi8mzqm2i 549026 549024 2024-11-30T15:42:33Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Aljeriya ta kasa da shekaru 18''' ita ce mai wakiltar [[Aljeriya]] a gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta ƙasa da kasa ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma hukumar kwallon kafar Aljeriya ce ke kula da ita. Ƙungiyar ta fafata a cikin Wasannin Bahar Rum, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara huɗu. Kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 kuma tana halartar wasannin sada zumunta na gida da na waje. == Tawagar ta yanzu == * '''An kira 'yan wasan da ke zuwa don Kwallon kafa a Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022 . ''' * '''Kwanakin wasa:''' 26 Yuni - 5 Yuli 2022 * '''Kwallaye da kwallaye daidai kamar na:''' 12 Oktoba 2021, bayan wasan da suka yi da</img> Faransa  == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.faf.dz/ Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704163935/http://www.faf.dz/ |date=2009-07-04 }} - shafin hukuma {{In lang|fr}} gnexp372hv8274id58tbz8p2xjs3r0z 549027 549026 2024-11-30T15:42:43Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Aljeriya ta kasa da shekaru 18''' ita ce mai wakiltar [[Aljeriya]] a gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta ƙasa da kasa ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma hukumar kwallon kafar Aljeriya ce ke kula da ita. Ƙungiyar ta fafata a cikin Wasannin Bahar Rum, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara huɗu. Kungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 kuma tana halartar wasannin sada zumunta na gida da na waje. == Tawagar ta yanzu == * '''An kira 'yan wasan da ke zuwa don Kwallon kafa a Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022 . ''' * '''Kwanakin wasa:''' 26 Yuni - 5 Yuli 2022 * '''Kwallaye da kwallaye daidai kamar na:''' 12 Oktoba 2021, bayan wasan da suka yi da</img> Faransa  == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.faf.dz/ Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704163935/http://www.faf.dz/ |date=2009-07-04 }} - shafin hukuma {{In lang|fr}} 840l3dch4okk85n6u35gqfqel6112d7 549028 549027 2024-11-30T15:42:52Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Aljeriya ta kasa da shekaru 18''' ita ce mai wakiltar [[Aljeriya]] a gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta ƙasa da kasa ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma hukumar kwallon kafar Aljeriya ce ke kula da ita. Ƙungiyar ta fafata a cikin Wasannin Bahar Rum, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara huɗu. Ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 kuma tana halartar wasannin sada zumunta na gida da na waje. == Tawagar ta yanzu == * '''An kira 'yan wasan da ke zuwa don Kwallon kafa a Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022 . ''' * '''Kwanakin wasa:''' 26 Yuni - 5 Yuli 2022 * '''Kwallaye da kwallaye daidai kamar na:''' 12 Oktoba 2021, bayan wasan da suka yi da</img> Faransa  == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.faf.dz/ Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704163935/http://www.faf.dz/ |date=2009-07-04 }} - shafin hukuma {{In lang|fr}} eczbu8gink4gyrro7htkoe9s9hxw3l3 549030 549028 2024-11-30T15:43:13Z Ummun Sultan 23935 549030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Aljeriya ta ƙasa da shekaru 18''' ita ce mai wakiltar [[Aljeriya]] a gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta ƙasa da kasa ta ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma hukumar kwallon kafar Aljeriya ce ke kula da ita. Ƙungiyar ta fafata a cikin Wasannin Bahar Rum, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara huɗu. Ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 kuma tana halartar wasannin sada zumunta na gida da na waje. == Tawagar ta yanzu == * '''An kira 'yan wasan da ke zuwa don Kwallon kafa a Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022 . ''' * '''Kwanakin wasa:''' 26 Yuni - 5 Yuli 2022 * '''Kwallaye da kwallaye daidai kamar na:''' 12 Oktoba 2021, bayan wasan da suka yi da</img> Faransa  == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.faf.dz/ Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704163935/http://www.faf.dz/ |date=2009-07-04 }} - shafin hukuma {{In lang|fr}} 83a7rlxgkqsz5xgso1juwzkujw4clhi 0 76856 549110 495680 2024-11-30T16:53:56Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:RC Lens - AS Béziers (04-01-2019) 24.jpg|thumb|redah atassi]] [[Fayil:RC Lens - AS Béziers (04-01-2019) 67.jpg|thumb|Rédah Atassi]] '''Rédah Atassi''' (an haife shi a ranar sha shida16 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Morocco wanda ke taka leda a [[Mai buga baya|tsakiya]] . [[Fayil:RC Lens - AS Béziers (04-01-2019) 45.jpg|thumb|redah atassi]] == Sana'ar sana'a == Samfurin matasa na Toulouse FC tun yana ɗan shekara 8, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview LDA : Redah Atassi |url=https://www.maghress.com/fr/lionsdelatlas/4037 |publisher=}}</ref> Atassi ya kasance kyaftin na ƙungiyar ajiyar su a 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Redah Atassi : "Le TFC 2 veut trop bien faire" |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2011/02/18/1016437-redah-atassi-le-tfc-2-veut-trop-bien-faire.html |publisher=}}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa da ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Getafe CF B da Fath Union Sport daga 2011 zuwa 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CMS |first=October |title=Atlas-Lions.nl - Botola Pro: Atassi tekent een contract bij FUS Rabat |url=https://atlas-lions.nl/nieuws/artikel/botola-pro-atassi-tekent-een-contract-bij-fus-rabat |website=atlas-lions.nl |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730053327/https://atlas-lions.nl/nieuws/artikel/botola-pro-atassi-tekent-een-contract-bij-fus-rabat |url-status=dead }}</ref> Atassi ya shiga AS Béziers lokacin da suke cikin mai son Championnat de France, kuma ya taimaka musu da ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa ƙwararrun Ligue 2 a cikin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=H1N1 |title=Redah Atassi monte en Ligue 2 avec l'AS Béziers |url=http://lionsdelatlas.ma/25819-redah-atassi-monte-en-ligue-2-avec-l-as-beziers |publisher= }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da Béziers a wasan da suka doke AS Nancy da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 2 a ranar 27 ga Yuli 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LFP.fr - Ligue de Football Professionnel - Domino's Ligue 2 - Saison 2018/2019 - 1ère journée - AS Nancy Lorraine / AS Beziers |url=https://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/84996 |website=www.lfp.fr}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Atassi a Faransa, kuma dan asalin Moroko ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title=Interview with Redah Atassi |url=https://www.sofoot.com/redah-atassi-apres-ma-carriere-je-serai-comme-un-indien-dans-la-ville-507419.html |publisher=foot.com}}</ref> Ya wakilci Maroko U20s a wasanni daban-daban a cikin 2011 da 2012 Toulon Tournament . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakkali |first=Achraf |title=26 convoqués pour affronter le Congo |url=http://mountakhab.net/www/modules/article_une/26_convoqu-french-13983.php?archive=1 |website=Mountakhab.net |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080420/http://mountakhab.net/www/modules/article_une/26_convoqu-french-13983.php?archive=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://mountakhab.net/www/modules/article_une/24_joueurs-french-14357.php?archive=1 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakkali |first=Achraf |title=Les 21 Olympiques retenus pour le tournoi de Toulon et du Var |url=http://mountakhab.net/www/modules/article_une/les_21_oly-french-21366.php?archive=1 |website=Mountakhab.net |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730050556/http://mountakhab.net/www/modules/article_une/les_21_oly-french-21366.php?archive=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] bhaht20z8dui1ytvv8yeoc0rczpgctf 3 78329 549385 423804 2024-12-01T09:37:58Z EmausBot 1782 Fixing double redirect from [[Tattaunawar user:M S Hassan]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Media Mender]] 549385 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Media Mender]] lwgr1rg7zx5vw2w993kdyfg67l54e23 0 78456 549356 498576 2024-12-01T08:13:29Z BnHamid 12586 549356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Ayodeji karim]] [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Hoton ayodeji]] '''Ayodeji Ismail Karim''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 1970) shine manajan darakta na kamfanin Costain West Africa Plc ==Tarihi== Ya yi karatun firamare a St George's Boys School Falomo, Ikoyi, Legas sannan ya yi sakandare a Metropolitan College, Isolo kafin ya wuce South Thames College, Wandsworth, Landan inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma a fannin Electro/Mechanical Sciences. Har ila yau, yana da digiri a cikin Bachelor of Materials Engineering da Engineering Design / Manufacturing duka daga Jami'ar Wales, Swansea, Birtaniya. <ref> "Costain raises shareholders hope over dividend". vanguardngr.com.</ref> <ref>"Chinese firms take nigerias rail construction sector". businessdayonline.com.</ref> <ref> "Costain How We Survived Global Financial Crisis/11052". proshareng.com.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] hu1qjo77ej2uky7uypld1m4ma7mjm1t 549357 549356 2024-12-01T08:15:07Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 549357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Ayodeji karim]] [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Hoton ayodeji]] '''Ayodeji Ismail Karim''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 1970) shine manajan darakta na kamfanin Costain West Africa Plc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/06/costain-raises-shareholders%E2%80%99-hope-over-dividend/|title= Costain raises shareholders hope over dividend|website= vanguardngr.com }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/news/article/chinese-firms-take-nigerias-rail-construction-sector/|title= Chinese firms take nigerias rail construction sector|website= businessdayonline.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Capital%20Market/Costain--How-We-Survived-Global-Financial-Crisis/11052|title= Costain How We Survived Global Financial Crisis/11052|website= proshareng.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.winne.com/ng/interviews/mr-ayodeji-karim |title= mr ayodeji karim |website= winne.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://insideoyo.com/2019-constain-owner-ayo-karim-joins-oyo-guber-race-launches-ayo-ni-o/|title=2019 constain owner ayo karim joins oyo guber race launches ayo ni o|website= insideoyo.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.projectlightupnigeria.com/corporate-nigeria/costain.html|title= Corporate Nigeria |website=projectlightupnigeria.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200005030057.html|title= Stories|website=allafrica.com}}</ref> ==Tarihi== Ya yi karatun firamare a St George's Boys School Falomo, Ikoyi, Legas sannan ya yi sakandare a Metropolitan College, Isolo kafin ya wuce South Thames College, Wandsworth, Landan inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma a fannin Electro/Mechanical Sciences. Har ila yau, yana da digiri a cikin Bachelor of Materials Engineering da Engineering Design / Manufacturing duka daga Jami'ar Wales, Swansea, Birtaniya.<ref> "Costain raises shareholders hope over dividend". vanguardngr.com.</ref><ref>"Chinese firms take nigerias rail construction sector". businessdayonline.com.</ref><ref> "Costain How We Survived Global Financial Crisis/11052". proshareng.com.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] ki0omieayk9qeu1k06hqysge30xrpkk 0 79927 549185 449230 2024-11-30T21:08:43Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 549185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi''' Presbyterian kwalejin ilimi ce a Abetifi-Kwahu (Kwahu East, Eastern, [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Gabas / Greater Accra. Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |archive-date=2016-05-22 |access-date=2017-12-28 |website=National Accreditation Board}}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa kwalejin tare da karuwar ɗaliban maza a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1952. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Presbyterian College of Education (Abetifi) - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/presbyterian-college-of-education-abetifi |access-date=2019-07-05 |website=t-tel.}}</ref> Abokan majagaba sun kasance ɗalibai maza 30. Cocin Presbyterian yana cikin iko da gudanarwa tare da marigayi Rev. H. T. Dako yana aiki a matsayin shugaban da aka nada. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1953, an canza sunan kwalejin zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Techiman - Abetifi, saboda an fara shirya shi a Techiman a yankin Brong Ahafo. An yi ƙoƙari don sake komawa kwalejin, amma a cikin 1962, an yanke shawarar ƙarshe don riƙe kwalejin a Abetifi. Saboda haka an sake sunan kwalejin Abetifi Training College. A shekara ta 1995, an canza sunan kwalejin zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Abetifi Presby, amma ya riƙe Acronym ABETICO, da kuma taken "GO FORTH AND SHINE". An fara kwalejin ne a matsayin kwalejin horar da maza kuma wurinsa yana cikin garin Abetifi a cikin gine-ginen haya. Dattawa biyu Opanin Addo Bruce da Yaw Tawiah (duka sun mutu) sun ba da gine-ginen su don zama kwalejin. An sami sabon shafin don kwalejin ta hanyar Nana Adontenhene na Kwahu da 'yan asalin garin Abetifi. Daga baya, an gina aji na raka'a shida don kwalejin. Daga wannan farkon, kwalejin ya tashi zuwa matsayinsa na yanzu dangane da ababen more rayuwa. Kolejin da farko ya ba da darasi na Cert 'B' na shekaru biyu har zuwa 1963, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da Takardar shaidar 'A' - darasi na shekaru 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JAK! Give Teachers University Degrees |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/JAK-Give-Teachers-University-Degrees-124316 |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> Cire wasu kwalejojin horar da malamai a kasar a cikin shekara ta 1973/74 ya bukaci sake sanya dalibai daga Kwalejin Horar da Anum da Wiawso zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi Presbyterian (ABETICO) A cikin shekara ta 1974/75 an shigar da maza saba'in a karo na farko a kwalejin shekaru biyu na horar da malamai. Daga cikin wannan rukunin ɗalibai akwai Rev. Herbert Anim Oppong (tsohon magatakarda na Babban Taron Ikilisiyar Presbyterian ta Ghana). Bayan yanke shawara don juya kwalejin zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Malamai, ba a shigar da wasu ɗalibai cikin kwalejin ba a lokacin 1975 zuwa 1976 da 1976 har zuwa shekarun ilimi na 1977. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi daga baya ta zama cibiyar haɗin gwiwa a lokacin shekara ta 1977/78 lokacin da aka shigar da rukunin farko na ɗaliban mata a kwalejin. Kwalejin ta shigar da daliban makafi a cikin shekara ta 1982/83. Wannan ya biyo bayan gabatarwar darasi na horar da malami na shekaru 2 a cikin 1984/85. Dukkanin darussan an cire su a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990/91. A farkon shekara ta 1987/88 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sabon Gyaran Ilimi na 1987, kwalejin ta shigar da dalibai don fara takardar shaidar Malami 'A' na shekaru 3 bayan shirin horo na sakandare, tare da rukunin farko da suka kammala karatu a 1991. Kolejin yana ba da difloma na shekaru 3 a cikin Kwarewar Ilimi ta asali. An fara shirin ne a lokacin shekara ta 2004/2005 da kuma rukunin farko na dalibai 225 waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu a watan Yulin 2007. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kwalejin horar da malamai na ilimi da ke murna da cika shekaru 55 a shekara ta 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abetifi Presbyterian College marks 55th anniversary |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/150691/abetifi-presbyterian-college-marks-55th-anniversary.html |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1952, kwalejin ta fitar da malamai masu horar da 5,662 na nau'o'i daban-daban don kamfanonin ilimi na kasar. A cikin 2016, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta yarjejeniya tare da Jami'ar Cape Coast . <ref>{{Cite web |last=louis.mensah |date=2016-07-02 |title=UCC and Colleges of Education sign MoU |url=https://ucc.edu.gh/news/ucc-and-colleges-education-sign-mou |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=University of Cape Coast |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Kolejin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-25 |website=t-tel.}}</ref> !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Rev. H.T. Dako |Fabrairu 1952 - Nuwamba 1965 |- |Rev. S.K. Yobo |Nuwamba 1965 - Satumba. 1973 |- |Mista D.A. Mamphey |Satumba 1973 - Satumba 1974 |- |Mista SA Birikorang |Satumba 1974 - Satumba 1982 |- |Mista Ofori Boahene |Satumba 1982 - Agusta 1987 |- |Mista E.K. Opoku |Agusta 1987 - Fabrairu 1995 |- |Rev. E. Osafo Boateng |Fabrairu 1995 - Oktoba 2002 |- |Rev. F.N. Appertey |Oktoba 2002 - |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/presbyterian-college-of-education-abetifi Gidan yanar gizon T-TEL] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rxktsp5gm23d8mfjg8oaep9r8hc1i6c 0 80122 549346 505922 2024-12-01T08:05:15Z BnHamid 12586 549346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''BAR Aviation Uganda''' ( HE :kamfanin jirgin sama ne na Uganda wanda ke ba da shirye-shiryen jiragen cikin gida, sabis na sashin, horo na matukin jirgi, sabis na motar asibiti, da sabis na kula da jirgin sama. Babban tushe shine Filin jirgin saman Entebbe. Har ila yau, kamfanin yana kula da cibiyar ta biyu a Filin jirgin saman Kajjansi, a cikin Gundumar Wakiso, a kan Kampala-Entebbe Road, a cikin Yankin Tsakiya na ƙasar.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Ch-aviation |date=28 March 2022 |title=Uganda's Bar Aviation debuts schedules to national parks |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/113927-ugandas-bar-aviation-debuts-schedules-to-national-parks |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=Ch-aviation.com}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Update News |date=22 January 2022 |title=BAR Aviation Launches Domestic Flights In Uganda |url=https://www.ugandaupdatenews.com/bar-aviation-launches-domestic-flights-in-uganda/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=UgandaUpdateNews.com}}</ref> == Wuraren da ake nufi == A cewar shafin yanar gizon, tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, BAR Aviation tana aiki da ayyukan jirgin sama na yau da kullun zuwa wurare masu zuwa: <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=ACT News |date=20 December 2021 |title=BAR Aviation Uganda publishes new flight schedules from Entebbe and Kajjansi |url=https://atcnews.org/2021/12/20/bar-aviation-uganda-publishes-new-flight-schedules-from-entebbe-and-kajjansi/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=ACTNews.org |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120104450/https://atcnews.org/2021/12/20/bar-aviation-uganda-publishes-new-flight-schedules-from-entebbe-and-kajjansi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="background-color:#FDEE00;color:Black" |Kasar ! style="background-color:#FDEE00;color:Black" |Birni ! style="background-color:#FDEE00;color:Black" |Filin jirgin sama ! style="background-color:#FDEE00;color:Black" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" style="background-color:#FDEE00;color:Black" |Refs |- |[[Uganda]] |Arua |Filin jirgin saman Arua | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/> |- |[[Uganda]] |Kihihi |Filin jirgin saman Kihihi | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Kisoro |Filin jirgin saman Kisoro | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Chobe |Filin jirgin saman Chobe Safari Lodge | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Bugungu |Filin jirgin saman Bugungu | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Entebbe |Filin jirgin saman Entebbe||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Semliki |Filin jirgin saman Semliki | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Pakuba |Filin jirgin saman Pakuba | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Kasese |Filin jirgin saman Kasese | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Mbarara |Filin jirgin saman Mbarara | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Mwayana |Filin jirgin saman Mweya | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Kajjansi |Filin jirgin saman Kajjansi||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> |- |[[Uganda]] |Jinja |Filin jirgin saman Jinja | align="center" |&#x2D; | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=FCC |date=22 April 2024 |title=Flights To Mbarara Airport (MBQ) |url=https://www.flightconnections.com/flights-to-mbarara-mbq/ |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=FlightConnections.com (FCC) |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422131617/https://www.flightconnections.com/flights-to-mbarara-mbq |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} == Jirgin Ruwa == Ya zuwa Mayu 2024, rundunar jiragen sama ta BAR ta haɗa da jiragen sama masu zuwa: <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Bar Aviation Uganda |date=23 May 2023 |title=Fixed Wing Aircraft Fleet |url=https://www.baraviationug.com/fleet/ |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=BAR Aviation Uganda}}</ref><ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Bar Aviation Uganda |date=23 May 2023 |title=Rotary Wing Aircraft Fleet |url=https://www.baraviationug.com/fleet/ |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |+Jirgin Sama na BAR Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Uganda ! rowspan="2" |Jirgin sama ! rowspan="2" style="width:30pt;" |A cikin jirgin ruwa ! rowspan="2" style="width:30pt;" |Dokoki ! colspan="4" |Fasinjoji ! rowspan="2" |Bayani |- ! style="width:30px;" |<abbr title="First class">F</abbr> ! style="width:30px;" |<abbr title="Business class">C</abbr> ! style="width:30px;" |<abbr title="Economy class">Y</abbr> ! style="width:30px;" |Jimillar |- |Hercules L100-30 |{{Center|1}} |0 |0 |0 |Jirgin Sama |0 |<ref name="4R"/><ref name="L1OOR">{{Cite web |last=Dominik Sipinski |date=19 April 2023 |title=Uganda's Bar Aviation adds first L-100 Hercules |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/126684-ugandas-bar-aviation-adds-first-l-100-hercules |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Ch-Aviation}}</ref> |- |Mai ƙalubalen - 604 | |0 |0 |0 |9 |9 |<ref name="4R" /> |- |Beechcraft 1900D | |0 |0 |0 |19 |19 |<ref name="4R" /> |- |Pilatus PC-12 | |0 |0 |0 |8 |8 |<ref name="4R" /> |- |Cessna 208 Caravan | |0 |0 |0 |12 |12 |<ref name="4R" /> |- |Cessna 172 | |0 |0 |0 |4 |4 |<ref name="4R" /> |- |Eurocopter EC130 |{{Center|1}} |0 |0 |0 |6 |6 |<ref name="5R"/> |- |B505 Jet Ranger X |{{Center|1}} |0 |0 |0 |4 |4 |<ref name="5R" /> |- |Bell 206 Jet Ranger |{{Center|1}} |0 |0 |0 |4 |4 |<ref name="5R" /> |- |Bell 412EPi |{{Center|1}} |0 |0 |0 |12 |12 |<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Mike Stones |date=23 March 2022 |title=Uganda's Bar Aviation buys medivac Bell 412Epi |url=https://www.helicopterinvestor.com/articles/ugandas-bar-aviation-buys-medivac-bell-412epi-123/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=HelicopterInvestor.com}}</ref> |- !Jimillar !19 |0 ! ! colspan="5" | |} == Tarihi == An kafa jirgin sama na BAR a Uganda a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ya fara ne da horar da matukin jirgi, sabis na sashin iska da sabis na kula da jirgin sama. Kamfanin jirgin sama ya fara ayyukan jirgin sama a Uganda a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2022.<ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Simon Kabayo |date=26 January 2022 |title=Government Confirms BAR Aviation To Provide Local Flights To Tourism Sites In Uganda |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2022/01/26/govt-confirms-bar-aviation-to-provide-local-flights-to-tourism-sites-in-uganda.html |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=Eagle Uganda Online |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=John Masaba |date=6 April 2022 |title=Four more companies apply to UCAA for air operation licenses |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/131051/four-more-companies-apply-to-ucaa-for-air-ope |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> BAR Aviation Uganda tana amfani da ''Tsarin ajiyar girgije na AeroCRS'' . <ref name="9R">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=AeroCRS Welcomes BAR Aviation |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/general-aviation/aerocrs-welcomes-bar-aviation |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=TimesAeroSpace.aero}}</ref> Kamfanin jirgin sama yana sa ran shiga cikin farfado da bangaren yawon bude ido, biyo bayan lalacewar Cutar COVID-19. Bugu da kari, tare da ci gaba da fadada masana'antar man fetur ta kasar, ana amfani da sayen jiragen sama da yawa don ayyukan kwashewar likita. BAR Aviation Uganda tana da yarjejeniyar layi tare da Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Uganda, kan tafiye-tafiye na cikin gida, a cikin Uganda.<ref name="12R">{{Cite web |date=January 2022 |title=Exploring The Pearl Of Africa Made Easy! Uganda Airlines Partners With Bar Aviation To Provide Local Flights To Tourism Sites In Uganda |url=https://ugandaonlinemedia.com/exploring-the-pearl-of-africa-made-easy-uganda-airlines-partners-with-bar-aviation-to-provide-local-flights-to-tourism-sites-in-uganda/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=UgandaOnlineMedia.com |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="13R">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Competition heats up in Uganda with startups lining up |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/114438-competition-heats-up-in-uganda-with-startups-lining-up |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=Ch-Aviation.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://baraviationug.com/ Shafin yanar gizon BAR Aviation Uganda] [[Category: Uganda]] 1jbmxgv7s6h704ujdileo7m8t0e6wy5 0 80599 549390 460789 2024-12-01T10:28:50Z Maryamarh 29382 549390 wikitext text/x-wiki Iman Al Sayed, (Arabic) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Falasdinawa|Palasɗinawa]] wanda aikinsa ke mai da hankali kan matakai da maimaitawa.Tana bincike da bincike kan yanayin ɗan adam da tasirin zamantakewar siyasa da aka haifar da ƙaura.Al Sayed tana amfani da kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban a cikin aikinta,ya bambanta daga siffofi da shigarwa zuwa hotunan motsi,sauti da kalmomi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO |url=http://www.imanalsayed.com/bio.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618201917/http://www.imanalsayed.com/bio.html |archive-date=18 June 2015 |website=imanalsayed.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ggxi4b7v0gdw2m2fz8rs1rryw5ksvjf 0 80967 549312 534093 2024-12-01T07:20:43Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 549312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta jihar Washington (wani lokacin ana kiranta kawai "Halitta") ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli ta Washington. An kirkireshi ne a watan Fabrairun [[1978|1970]], ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli ta farko a Amurka kafin kirkirar Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) da watanni da yawa.<ref>https://historylink.org/File/9703</ref> Ma'aikatar tana gudanar da dokoki da ka'idoji da suka shafi bangarorin ingancin ruwa, haƙƙin ruwa da albarkatun ruwa, kula da bakin teku, tsaftacewar guba, sharar nukiliya, sharar gida mai haɗari, da ingancin iska. Hakanan yana gudanar da saka idanu da kimantawar kimiyya. Sashen yana gudanar da dokoki da ka'idoji da suka shafi yankunan [[ingancin ruwa]], [[ruwa na dama]] da albarkatun ruwa, kula da bakin teku, tsaftace guba, sharar nukiliya, sharar gida mai haɗari, da ingancin iska. Har ila yau, yana gudanar da sa ido da kima na kimiyya. ==Ayyuka.== Hukumar tana da kasafin aiki na kusan dala miliyan 459, babban kasafin kudi na kusan dala miliyan 325 kuma kusan ma’aikata 1600<ref>[http://www.ecy.wa.gov/services/fs/budgetsnapshot.html] Sashen Nazarin Muhalli Hoton Budget</ref> Doka ta ba da izini ga sashen ita ce [[Revised Code of Washington | RCW]] 43.21A.<ref>[http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=43.21A RCW 43.21A: Sashen Ilimin Halittu] Ƙididdiga Mai Ba da izini</ref>Yana da alhakin gudanar da Dokar Gudanar da Shoreline (RCW 90.58), Lambar Ruwa (RCW 90.03), Dokar Kula da Gurbacewar Ruwa ta Jiha (RCW 90.48), Tsabtace Jihar. Dokar iska (RCW 70.94), da Model Toxics Control Dokar. Ana yin ƙarar ƙararrakin hukunce-hukuncen ilimin halittu ga ofishin sauraren mahalli, wanda ya haɗa da Hukumar Kula da Rarraba gurɓataccen yanayi da hukumar sauraron karar Shoreline, da kuma kwamitoci da yawa waɗanda ke magance ƙarar yanke shawara daga Sashen Kifi da namun daji na Jiha da Sashen Albarkatun Ƙasa. ==Gwamnati.== ===Shugabanci.=== [[Gwamnan Washington | Gwamna]] ne ke nada Darakta na Sashen Ilimin Halitta kuma [[Majalisar Dattawan Jihar Washington | Majalisar Dattawan Jiha] za ta tabbatar da shi]. Darakta na yanzu ita ce Laura Watson, wacce ta maye gurbin [[Maia Bellon]] a cikin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web| last=Weaver|first=Matiyu|title=Sabon Darakta Ecology: 'Kada mu bar kananan matsaloli su yi girma' |url=https://www.capitalpress.com/state/washington/new-ecology-director-lets-not-let-small-problems-get-any-bigger/article_afa15ba2-42d2-11ea-91e7-bf9e1b1a9b2e.html |access-date=2021-10-16|shafin yanar gizo = Babban Jarida|harshe=ha}}</ref> === Hedikwata da ofisoshin yanki === Ecology yana da ofishin hedkwatar sa a [[Lacey, Washington]], kusa da [[Olympia, Washington | Olympia]] da kuma mamaye harabar [[Jami'ar Saint Martin | St. Jami'ar Martin]. Yana da ofisoshin yanki guda huɗu waɗanda ke Lacey (Yankin Kudu maso Yamma), [[Yakima, Washington | Yakima]] (Yankin Tsakiya), [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue] (Yankin Arewa maso Yamma) da [[Spokane, Washington | Spokane]] (Yankin Gabas). Bugu da ƙari, tana da ƙananan ofisoshin filin a [[Bellingham, Washington | Bellingham]], [[Twisp, Washington|Twisp]], [[Richland, Washington | Richland]], <ref>{{cite yanar gizo|url=http ://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/nwp/|title=Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Washington - Hanford cleanup|shafin yanar gizo=www.ecy.wa.gov}}</ref> [[Vancouver, Washington]] da kuma [[Wenatchee, Washington | Wenatchee]]. ==Shirye-shirye.== The Ecology Youth Corps shiri ne na ayyukan rani ga matasa a Washington wanda Sashen Nazarin Halittu ke gudanarwa. An kafa shi a cikin 1975, shirin yana da alhakin tsaftace shara a manyan titunan jihar kuma yana biyan matasan da aka yi hayar mafi ƙarancin albashi.<ref><nowiki>{{cite news | last=Sullivan |first=Olivia |date=Satumba 5, 2019 |title= Matasan gundumar King tsaftace litter a gefen hanya |url=</nowiki>https://www.seattleweekly.com/news/king-county-teens-clean-up-roadside-litter/ |aiki=[[Seattle Weekly]] |access-date=Yuli 21, 2020}</ref><ref>{{cite yanar gizo |title=Ecology Youth Corps |url=https://ecology.wa.gov/Waste-Toxics/Solid-waste-litter/Litter/Ecology-Youth-Corps |publisher=Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Washington |access-date=Yuli 21, 2020}}</ref> Sashen nazarin halittu ya fara shirin [[binciken ababen hawa a Amurka | duban ababen hawa]] a cikin 1982, yana buƙatar motocin da aka yiwa rajista a cikin jihar a duba ingancin hayaki. Shirin ya ƙare ne a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2019, bayan shafe shekaru 14 da majalisar dokokin jihar ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2005 domin ingancin iska a biranen Washington ya ƙaru zuwa sama da matsayin tarayya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clarridge |first=Christine |date=January 30, 2019 |title=The end is near for emissions testing in Washington state |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/newer-cleaner-cars-mean-end-to-emissions-testing-in-washington-state-next-year/ |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gilmore |first=Susan |date=August 18, 2011 |title=State phasing out vehicle-emission testing |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-phasing-out-vehicle-emission-testing/ |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref> Wasu wuraren gwajin hayaki, gami da biyu a Seattle, an sake yin su azaman wuraren gwaji [[COVID-19]] a lokacin [[COVID-19] -19 annoba | annoba ta 2020]].<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Sullivan |first=Joseph |date=June 4, 2020 |title=With more test supplies on hand, Inslee announces expanded testing for new coronavirus |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/with-more-test-supplies-on-hand-inslee-announces-expanded-testing-for-new-coronavirus/ |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://ecy.wa.gov Department of Ecology official web site] * [http://eho.wa.gov Environmental Hearings office] {{Washington}} {{authority control}} arhh9fy7pckj8705h3ni2qznvotrv1g 0 84245 549314 522832 2024-12-01T07:21:57Z BnHamid 12586 549314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mil Mi-8''' jirgin sama ne mai saukar ungulu mai matsakaici, wanda Cibiyar Aerohydrodynamic ta Tsakiya ta Soviet (TsAGI) ta tsara a cikin shekarun 1960 kuma an sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Soviet a shekarar 1968. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da samar da samfurin jirgin sama na Rasha har zuwa 2024.[1] Baya ga aikin da ya fi dacewa a matsayin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, ana amfani da Mi-8 a matsayin tashar kwamandan iska, jirgin bindiga, da kuma dandalin leken asiri.<ref>https://defensebridge.com/article/mi-8-helicopter-a-versatile-aircraft-for-military-and-civilian-use.html</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== fnf8u8qkrbff5evyywukf0yh07a5fb2 0 84264 549310 522887 2024-12-01T07:19:08Z BnHamid 12586 549310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Zitvolleybal2.jpg|thumb|Hoton yan wasan paraympic]] [[Fayil:Men's Paralympic Football Game.jpg|thumb|Hoton yan wasan kwallon kafa na paralympic]] Wasannin Paralympiques na bazara na 2024 (Faransa: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Wasannin Paralympic na Paris 2024, kuma ana kiranta da Paris 2024, shine Wasannin Paralímpics na 17 na bazara, taron wasanni na kasa da kasa wanda kwamitin Paralympic na kasa da Kasa ke jagoranta, wanda aka gudanar a Paris, Faransa, daga 28 ga Agusta zuwa 8 ga Satumba 2024. Wadannan wasannin sun nuna karo na farko da Paris ke karbar bakuncin wasannin Paralympics na bazara kuma karo na biyu da Faransa ke karbar karbar bakasar wasannin Paralympic, yayin da Tignes da Albertville suka hada bakuncin Wasannin Paralympics na hunturu na 1992. Faransa kuma ta dauki bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024.<ref>https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1061155/paris-2024-to-start-week-earlier-than-planned-after-ioc-approve-date-change</ref> ==Manazarta== lclg9luktexwuipfo3b52o6jmxf6zry 0 85335 549369 528840 2024-12-01T08:26:36Z BnHamid 12586 549369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Anth''''' fim ne na Indiya na 1994 wanda Sanjay Khanna ya jagoranta, wanda Ashok Honda ya samar kuma ya fito da [[Suniel Shetty]], Somy Ali a cikin matsayi mai mahimmanci. Aloknath, Paresh Rawal, Mohan Joshi, Deepak Shirke, Vijayendra Ghatge, Neena Gupta, Makrand Deshpande suma sun fito a cikin fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anth Movie overview |url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/ANTH-SUNIL-SHETTY-SOMY-ALI-BOLLYWOOD-HINDI-DVD-/191525664357?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c97d1b665 |access-date=2015-03-22}}</ref> == Labarin Fim == Kali wani ɗan fashi ne na yankin wanda ke damun ɗalibai a kwalejinsa. Babban Satyaprakash ba shi da taimako don dakatar da shi saboda Kali dan Dabla ne, wanda yake daya daga cikin manyan 'yan daba a garin. Satyaprakash yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu Vikas da Vijay Saxena da kuma 'yar Pooja . Vijay Saxena yana cikin soyayya da Priya, abokin aiki a kamfanin injiniya. Kali ta yi wa Pooja fyade, sannan kuma mai cin hanci da rashawa mai suna Shirke ya zargi budurwar Pooja kuma ya kashe shi yayin da yake tsare. Wannan ya fusata Vijay kuma ya fara gwagwarmaya mai zubar da jini da tashin hankali don tsaftace birnin daga masu zalunci kamar Kali, Dabla da Shirke. ACP Kulkarni ya bayyana a cikin bayyanar musamman a matsayin mai gaskiya na ACP. == Ƴan Wasan Fim == * [[Suniel Shetty]] a matsayin Vijay Saxena * Somy Ali a matsayin Priya * Aloknath a matsayin Shugaba Satyaprakash Saxena * Paresh Rawal a matsayin Dabla * Deepak Shirke a matsayin Sufeto Shirke * Rita Bhaduri a matsayin Uwar Priya * Makrand Deshpande a matsayin Kali * Vijayendra Ghatge a matsayin Lauyan Vikas Saxena * Neena Gupta a matsayin Mrs. Vikas Saxena * Mohan Joshi a matsayin ACP Kulkarni * Vinay Sapru a matsayin Raja * Narendra Gupta a matsayin mai gidan waya == Sauti == Anand-Milind ne ya kirkiro waƙar, yayin da Sameer ya rubuta kalmomin. {| class="wikitable" !Waƙar !Mai raira waƙa |- |"Na Vaada Karte" |Suresh Wadkar, Sadhana Sargam |- |"Ka Deewani" |Kumar Sanu, Sadhana Sargam |- |"Aaja Jaan-E-Jaan" |Abhijeet, Kavita Krishnamurthy |- |"Dil Mera" |Sapna Mukherjee |- |"Jaan-E-Jaan" |Kumar Sanu, Kavita Krishnamurthy |- |"Aaja Sikha Doon" |Udit Narayan, Poornima |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|title=Anth}} [[Category:Fim]] [[Category: Fina-finan Indiya]] ee4anidn7f6fqv49zzvjvn2df0zuq2q 0 85478 549368 529911 2024-12-01T08:25:51Z BnHamid 12586 +Category 549368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Cosmo Callea''' mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Ostiraliya wanda ya yi fice a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a kakar 2004 na Australian Idol. Waƙar Callea ta halarta ta farko, murfin Celine Dion da waƙar Andrea Bocelli "The Prayer", ita ce mafi sauri-sayar da wani ɗan Australiya mai fasaha ya yi;<ref>McCabe, Kathy (18 July 2011). "Anthony Callea =Daily Telegraph".</ref> ta riƙe matsayi na ɗaya a kan ARIA Singles Chart na tsawon makonni biyar, rikodin don ɗaya na farko na ɗan takara na Idol na Australiya,<ref>"The Aria Report" (PDF). webarchive.nla.gov.au. 17 January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2005.</ref> kuma shine na biyu mafi girma a Ostiraliya a cikin 2000s.<ref>ARIA's End Of Decade Charts* Archived 21 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine(PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2010.</ref> Callea ya tattara lambobin yabo daban-daban, gami da lambar yabo ta ARIA Music, Channel V Artist of the Year, Pop Republic Artist of the Year, MTV Viewers' Choice Award, Iri na Matasan Nishaɗi na Shekara, lambar yabo ta MO, da lambar yabo ta kiɗan Bishara. . An san shi da ƙarfin muryarsa da aka horar da shi da kuma iyawar sa a cikin nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'i a cikin sakewa da wasan kwaikwayo. Sai dai daya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundi na biyu Sabon Babi shi ne ya rubuta shi. Oktoba 2011 ya ga Callea ya saki sabon kiɗan sa na farko a cikin shekaru huɗu, guda ɗaya mai taken "Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh", wanda ya ba da kuɗin kansa, <ref>"Callea goes it oh oh oh oh so alone". Heraldsun.com.au. 23 October 2011.</ref> ya sake shi kuma ya rarraba a matsayin cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa ta hanyar kamfanin samarwa nasa, Vox Enterprises. An haɗa waƙar rawa-pop a cikin LA tare da zaɓi na Grammy sau biyu da kuma DJ na hukuma don Black Eyed Peas, Rayuwar Mawaƙin Mawaƙi.<ref>"Two-time Grammy Nominee POET NAME LIFE". 23 October 2011. Archived from the original on 9 September 2011.</ref> Ya nuna alamar tashi daga ballads wanda aka san shi da shi kuma an sake shi ta hanyar dijital kawai. A cikin Maris 2013, an sanar da Callea ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodi tare da ABC Music kuma zai fitar da kundinsa na uku a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2013. Sabon fitowar, mai suna Talatin, shine farkon albam biyu da aka fitar a waccan shekarar, kuma Universal Music ne suka rarraba shi. <ref>"New callea... easy as abc". Auspop.blogspot.com.au. 2 March 2013.</ref> Na biyu, wanda aka saki a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2013 wani kundi ne na Kirsimeti mai taken Wannan Kirsimeti ne. A cikin Agusta 2014 Callea ya fitar da kundi na uku tare da kiɗan ABC amma, akasin wakokin da suka gabata, wannan DVD/CD Ladies & Gentlemen ne Live: Waƙoƙin George Michael ya yi fim kuma an yi rikodin su a Dabino a Crown Melbourne. DVD ɗin ya yi muhawara a lamba 1 akan Charts ARIA na Australiya. A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2016, bayan faifai uku tare da ABC Music, Callea ya sanar da cewa ya sake sanya hannu tare da Sony Music Ostiraliya kuma zai fitar da kundi na shida Backbone tare da rangadin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda zai fito a watan Satumba 2016. ] == Rayuwar Baya da Rayuwar Waka == Anthony Callea ya fara rera waƙa da yin wasa tun yana ƙarami. A wata hira da Sydney Unleashed, ya ce: "Na fara yin rikodi da rubutu tun ina ɗan shekara 16. Lokacin da na cika shekara 18, na fara yin dariya kuma daga ƙarshe ina yin aikin dare 2-3 a mako. Na kuma zama kocin murya kuma na kasance ina samun ɗalibai masu zaman kansu 32 a mako. Ina 21. Lokacin da na nemi Idol na Ostiraliya kuma hakan ya kasance farkon juyi a gare ni." <ref>Danny Canak (13 August 2014). "Anthony Callea Interview". Sydney Unleashed.</ref> == Gunkin Austaraliya 2024 == An zabe shi a matsayin 30 na karshe a cikin jerin talabijin na Australian Idol a 2004. Dangane da kuri'un masu kallo, bai samu nasarar shiga zagayen farko na gasar ba, amma an gayyace shi a matsayin "Katin Zabi na Alƙali", inda aikinsa ya ba shi damar samun nasara. wuri a karshen 12.[8]. An kammala gasar a cikin Nuwamba 2004 tare da Callea ta ƙare a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu zuwa Casey Donovan.<ref>Various Artists - Australian Idol Final 13: Australian Made - The Hits Album Reviews, Songs & More | AllMusic, retrieved 18 August 2023</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] l1rg6y4ixkmwh6yrccoig0hz17uog9t 0 85622 549370 530867 2024-12-01T08:30:54Z BnHamid 12586 549370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:View_of_Sanahin,_Debed_Valley.jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|Sanahin, ƙauyen Mikoyan, a cikin kwarin Debed River na [[Armeniya|Armenia]]]] '''Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan''' wani dan kabilar Armeniya, Mikoyan ya shiga Bolsheviks a shekarar 1915, kuma bayan Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na shekarar 1917 ya shiga cikin Baku Commune. A cikin shekarun 1920, shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar a Arewacin Caucasus. An zabi Mikoyan a Politburo a 1935, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan cinikayya na kasashen waje daga 1926 zuwa 1930 kuma daga 1938, kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya zama memba na Kwamitin Tsaro na Jiha. Bayan yakin, Mikoyan ya fara rasa tagomashi, ya rasa matsayinsa na minista a 1949 kuma Stalin ya soki shi a Majalisar Jam'iyyar ta 19 a 1952. Bayan rasuwar Stalin a shekara ta 1953, Mikoyan ya goyi bayan Khrushchev a cikin gwagwarmayar mulki, ya goyi bayansa a kan juyin mulki da ya gaza a shekara ta 1957, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara manufofinsa na de-Stalinization. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== g81i1kgc8xgndbgvkesfm14sihtjvfb 549371 549370 2024-12-01T08:31:24Z BnHamid 12586 549371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan''' wani dan kabilar Armeniya, Mikoyan ya shiga Bolsheviks a shekarar 1915, kuma bayan Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba na shekarar 1917 ya shiga cikin Baku Commune. A cikin shekarun 1920, shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar a Arewacin Caucasus. An zabi Mikoyan a Politburo a 1935, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan cinikayya na kasashen waje daga 1926 zuwa 1930 kuma daga 1938, kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya zama memba na Kwamitin Tsaro na Jiha. Bayan yakin, Mikoyan ya fara rasa tagomashi, ya rasa matsayinsa na minista a 1949 kuma Stalin ya soki shi a Majalisar Jam'iyyar ta 19 a 1952. Bayan rasuwar Stalin a shekara ta 1953, Mikoyan ya goyi bayan Khrushchev a cikin gwagwarmayar mulki, ya goyi bayansa a kan juyin mulki da ya gaza a shekara ta 1957, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara manufofinsa na de-Stalinization. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== hqvk1x5583a8iec529fehdds1a661bj 0 85674 549351 539461 2024-12-01T08:09:10Z BnHamid 12586 549351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aït Afra''' ƙauye ne a Lardin Boumerdès a cikin Kabylie, Aljeriya.<ref>"Béni Amrane : Les dangers des fosses septiques"</ref><ref>"Boumerdès : Les villages oubliés"</ref> Ƙauyen yana kewaye da Kogin Isser da kuma garin Ammal a cikin tsaunukan Khachna.<ref>"Des villages désertés par leurs habitants"</ref><ref>"La wilaya de Boumerdès se languit de ses villageois"</ref><ref>"Commune d'Ammal (Boumerdès) : Dénuement sur des sites paradisiaques"</ref> == Manazarta == 6pqflcxsbnf2ngajast18vl68eh31ry 549353 549351 2024-12-01T08:10:30Z BnHamid 12586 549353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aït Afra''' ƙauye ne a Lardin Boumerdès a cikin Kabylie, Aljeriya.<ref>"Béni Amrane : Les dangers des fosses septiques"</ref><ref>"Boumerdès : Les villages oubliés"</ref> ==Wuri== Ƙauyen yana kewaye da Kogin Isser da kuma garin Ammal a cikin tsaunukan Khachna.<ref>"Des villages désertés par leurs habitants"</ref><ref>"La wilaya de Boumerdès se languit de ses villageois"</ref><ref>"Commune d'Ammal (Boumerdès) : Dénuement sur des sites paradisiaques"</ref> == Manazarta == 9cn0n56jmxrc3pxvk07rjtj381c6pkj 549354 549353 2024-12-01T08:10:57Z BnHamid 12586 549354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aït Afra''' ƙauye ne a Lardin Boumerdès a cikin Kabylie, Aljeriya.<ref>"Béni Amrane : Les dangers des fosses septiques"</ref><ref>"Boumerdès : Les villages oubliés"</ref> ==Wuri== Ƙauyen yana kewaye da Kogin Isser da kuma garin Ammal a cikin tsaunukan Khachna.<ref>"Des villages désertés par leurs habitants"</ref><ref>"La wilaya de Boumerdès se languit de ses villageois"</ref><ref>"Commune d'Ammal (Boumerdès) : Dénuement sur des sites paradisiaques"</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Aljeriya]] svuibj2due1dih4u0azj12u7bx7w6ac 0 86236 549362 535198 2024-12-01T08:20:15Z BnHamid 12586 549362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{Gyara mukala}} datab A sai Ryōi (浅井 了意, c. 1612 - Janairu 29, 1691) marubucin Jafananci ne a farkon lokacin Edo. Wani limamin addinin Buddah na Shin wanda a wani lokaci ya kasance shugaban haikalin Kyoto, ana riƙe shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun marubutan Kanazōshi. Kanazōshi wani nau'i ne na sanannen adabi da aka rubuta da kaɗan ko babu kanji, don haka mutane da yawa suna iya samun damar yin amfani da su. Ko da yake ya ƙunshi nau'o'i da yawa, jigo na gama gari a cikin ayyukan Kanazōshi shine bikin rayuwar birni na zamani. Ayyukan Asai Ryōi musamman sun juya koyarwar addinin Buddah na gargajiya a kan kansa a cikin bayanin manufofin birane. == ''Ukiyo Monogatari'' == ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Ukiyo]''"(1666)Tales of the Floating World an dauke shi aiki na farko da ya nuna bambancin da ke tsakanin [[Buddha]] ukiyo da Edo lokacin ukiyo. Ukiyo shine ra'ayin cewa rayuwa ta ɗan lokaci ce kuma babu wani abu a duniya da ke dorewa har abada. Duk da yake koyarwar Buddha ta farko ta kammala cewa dole ne mutum ya sanya ƙarfin mutum a cikin al'amuran ruhaniya na dindindin waɗanda za su ci gaba da amfana da mutum a rayuwa mai zuwa, manufofin zamanin Edo na birane sun fi epicurean, kuma sun ƙarfafa mutum ya ji daɗin jin daɗin rayuwa kamar kowace rana ita ce ta ƙarshe. Jarumin wannan yanki, Ukiyobō, wani limamin addinin Buddah ne wanda ya koyi isashen rayuwa daga rayuwar lalata, caca da neman jin daɗi gabaɗaya don samun wayewa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin dattawansa. Muhimmancin samurai an yi satar kuma an yaba da rayuwar ɗan garin . == ''Otogi Boko'' == ''Otogi Bōko''"}(1666),data-ve-no-generated-contents" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Hand Puppets (, Otogi Bōko, 1666) karbuwa ce daga labarun da suka fi ban sha'awa daga Littafin Sinanci na gajerun labaru, ''[[Jiandeng Xinhua]]'' (Sabon Labarai a ƙarƙashin Hasken Haske). An canza labarun don nuna rayuwar birane ta zamani. Misali, a cikin "The Peony Lantern", mai gabatarwa na asali ya mutu da mummunar mummunar lalacewa sakamakon ba da jin daɗin jima'i tare da ruhun yarinya da ta mutu - saƙon ɗabi'a shine buƙatar karɓar impermanence kuma kada a cinye shi da sha'awar duniya. A cikin Ryōi version mai gabatarwa kusan ya ceci kansa daga irin wannan makomar, amma a ƙarshe ya zaɓi ya mutu a hannun masoyinsa na fatalwa maimakon ya mutu yana riƙe da ita <ref name="trans">[http://www.willamette.edu/~rloftus/peonylantern.htm The Peony Lantern]</ref> - bikin ainihin motsin zuciyar ɗan adam. Labaran da ke cikin Otogi Bōko sun cika ƙishirwa ga labarun allahntaka kuma sun bayyana rarrabuwa tsakanin wajibai na zamantakewa, ko ''[[Giri (Jafananci)|Giriri]]'', da gaskiyar kwarewar ɗan adam.<ref name="HJAS">{{Cite journal |last=Lane |first=Richard |date=December 1957 |title=The beginnings of the Modern Japanese Novel: Kana-zoshi 1600-1682 |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |publisher=Harvard-Yenching Institute |volume=20 |issue=3/4 |pages=644–701 |doi=10.2307/2718366 |jstor=2718366}}</ref> == Duba sauran Bayanai== * Kanazōshi * Botan Dōrō * Ukiyo * Chōnin * [[Augustine na Hippo]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s1zmw8awaju3n8xbaqibc9v1sfbcdp5 0 86237 548985 535533 2024-11-30T13:49:16Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na kara mahada 548985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shekarun Haske''' (wanda kuma aka sani da Shekarun nazari da kuma haske) wani yunkuri ne na [[ilimi]] da [[Falsafar zamani|falsafa]] wanda ya faru a Turai a cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Age of Enlightenment: A History From Beginning to End: Chapter 3 |url=http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123359/http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php |archive-date=3 March 2017 |access-date=3 April 2017 |website=publishinghau5.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Conrad |first=Sebastian |date=1 October 2012 |title=Enlightenment in Global History: A Historiographical Critique |url=https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/117/4/999/33183 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=999–1027 |doi=10.1093/ahr/117.4.999 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hasken ilimi ta ƙunshi ra'ayoyi masu yawa na zamantakewa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da darajar ilimin da aka koya ta hanyar tunani da kuma kwarewa da manufofin siyasa kamar dokar halitta, [['yanci]], da ci gaba, haƙuri da' yan uwantaka, kundin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|tsarin mulkin gwamnati]], da rabuwa da coci da jihar.<ref>Jacob, Margaret C. ''The Secular Enlightenment.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press 2019 1</ref> Zamanin Haske ta riga ta wuce kuma ta mamaye Juyin Juya Halin Kimiyya da aikin [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Galileo Galilei]], Francis Bacon, Pierre Gassendi, da [[Isaac Newton]], da sauransu, da kuma falsafar tunani na [[René Descartes|Descartes]], Hobbes, Spinoza, [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]], da [[John Locke]]. Wasu su nuna faruwar zamanin Haskakawa da wallafar [[René Descartes]]' “Discourse on the Method” a shekarar 1637, tare da hanyarsa ta rashin gaskata komai sai dai idan akwai kyakkyawan dalili don karɓar shi, kuma yana nuna sanannen maganarsa, Cogito, ergo sum ("Ina tsammanin, saboda haka ni ne"). Sauran sun ambaci wallafar na [[Isaac Newton]]'s ''Principia Mathematica'' (1687) a matsayin ƙarshen juyin juya halin kimiyya da farkon haskakawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=The Enlightenment |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-philosophy/The-Enlightenment |access-date=16 November 2023 |website= |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Casini |first=Paolo |date=January 1988 |title=Newton's Principia and the Philosophers of the Enlightenment |url= |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=35–52 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.1988.0006 |issn=0035-9149 |s2cid=145282986 |access-date=}}</ref> Masana tarihi na Turai sun nuna cewa lokacin ya fara ne da mutuwar Louis na 14 na Faransa a 1715 da kuma karshen sa da barkewar Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a 1789. Yawancin masana tarihi yanzu sun nuna ƙarshen Haskakawa a matsayin farkon karni na 19, tare da sabuwar shekarar da aka gabatar ita ce mutuwar [[Immanuel Kant]] a cikin 1804. <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Library- The Enlightenment |url=https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/the-enlightenment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824220906/https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/the-enlightenment |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref> A zahiri, lokutan tarihi ba su da kwanakin farawa ko ƙarshe. == References == fompp02txncnhz0e7fb91jvt534mde8 0 86412 549365 539358 2024-12-01T08:23:21Z BnHamid 12586 549365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} '''Arisepedia''' wata dandalin ilimi ce a kan layi wadda ke ba da cikakken bayani da sahihanci a kan batutuwa daban-daban. Ta ba da dama ga masu amfani su samar da abubuwan da ke ciki da kuma gyara tare don inganta labaran. == Tarihi == An kafa Arisepedia a cikin [shekarar] ta hannun [sunayen wanda suka kafa ta] da burin ƙirƙirar wata kyauta, kuma mai samuwa ga kowa da kowa, wadda ke ƙunshe da ilimi mai zurfi. Tun daga lokacin, dandalin ya bunkasa har ya ƙunshi miliyoyin labarai a harsuna da dama.<ref>https://www.marvel.com/articles/culture-lifestyle/explore-the-marvel-universe-with-the-marvel-encyclopedia </ref><ref>https://news.artnet.com/art-world/first-time-information-10000-years-indian-art-history-available-one-place-thanks-new-online-encyclopedia-2105730</ref> == Abubuwan Da Take Bayarwa == === Gyaran Tare Da Hadin Kai === Arisepedia tana ba da damar ga masu amfani da rajista su ƙirƙiri, su gyara, kuma su inganta labarai. Wannan hanyar haɗin kai tana tabbatar da cewa bayanai suna sabuntawa koyaushe ta hannun al'ummar masu ba da gudunmawa daga wurare daban-daban.<ref>https://www.huntington.edu/news/hu-professor-publishes-energy-in-american-history-encyclopedia</ref> === Goyon Bayan Harsuna Daban-daban === Dandalin yana goyon bayan harsuna da dama, tare da ƙirƙirar nau'ikan daban-daban ga yankuna da al'ummomin da ke magana da harsuna daban-daban. Wannan fasalin yana sa Arisepedia ta kasance mai samuwa ga masu amfani da harshen duniya. === Tsarin Kafa Hujja === Arisepedia tana mai da hankali sosai kan ingancin tushe. Labarai suna buƙatar ƙunshi ƙwaƙƙwaran hujjoji don tabbatar da bayanai, wanda hakan ke ƙara sahihancin abun ciki.<ref>https://minrel.gob.cl/news/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-presents-bilingual-encyclopedia-and</ref> === Bayanan Masu Amfani === Masu amfani da rajista suna iya ƙirƙirar bayanansu, suna iya bibiyar gudunmawarsu, da yin mu'amala da sauran mambobin al'ummar Arisepedia. == Ƙa'idojin Abun Ciki == Arisepedia tana bin tsauraran ka'idoji don tabbatar da inganci da sahihancin labaran da take bayarwa: 1. Ra'ayi mai tsaka-tsaki 2. Abin dogara 3. Babu bincike na asali 4. Mutunta haƙƙoƙin mallaka 5. Mutunci da haɗin kai == Sukar Da Kalubale == Kamar yadda sauran dandalu na abun ciki da masu amfani ke samarwa, Arisepedia tana fuskantar ƙalubale kamar: * Tabbatar da sahihancin bayanai * Yaƙi da lalata bayanai da yada bayanan karya * Magance ra'ayi mai son zuciya a cikin abun ciki da kuma daga guraben masu ba da gudunmawa == Tasiri Da Girmamawa == Arisepedia ta zama majiyar tunani da aka yarda da ita sosai ga ɗalibai, masu bincike, da jama'a gabaɗaya. Ta samu yabo don gudunmawar da ta bayar wajen watsa ilimi kyauta da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a ta hanyar fasahar dijital.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/worlds-largest-sanskrit-encyclopedia-pune-8168232/</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin Waje == * [https://arisepedia.com/wiki/Main_Page English Arisepedia] * [https://hi.arisepedia.com/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 Hindi Arisepedia] * [https://indpedia.in/wiki/Main_Page IndPedia] * [https://hindpedia.in/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 HindPedia] * [https://arisetimes.com/ Arise Times] stuasz8t1mpmqefp3oshcn5k1qhg38k 0 86602 549363 537073 2024-12-01T08:21:33Z BnHamid 12586 549363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Edward Harington Raikes''' (5 Fabrairu 1867 - 3 Maris 1915) wani jami'in sojan Burtaniya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin firayim minista, waziri kuma minista na farko ga dimbin Sarakunan Zanzibar. Yin hidima a cikin Regiment na Wiltshire Raikes ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin birgediya-janar a cikin sojojin Zanzibar kuma ya yi yaƙi a ɓangaren masu goyon bayan Burtaniya a yakin Anglo-Zanzibar. Ya kuma taimaka wajen yin shawarwarin shata iyaka tsakanin Zanzibari da yankin Birtaniyya a yankin Afirka. Raikes ya samu karramawa daga kasashe da dama a yayin gudanar da aikinsa. == Shekarun Baya == An haifi Raikes a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1867 ga Reverend Charles Hall Raikes da Charlotte d'Ende Arbuthnot.<ref>Entry at The Peerage</ref> Ta wurin 'yar uwarsa Madeline, matar Edmund Henry Clutterbuck, ya kasance kawun Walter Clutterbuck. Kakanninsa na uwa sune Sir Robert Arbuthnot, Baronet na biyu da tsohuwar Anne Fitzgerald ('yar Field Marshal Sir John Forster FitzGerald).<ref>Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. 2005</ref> Raikes jami'i ne a cikin Regiment na Wiltshire, ana ba da mukamin laftanar na biyu a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1888 kuma laftanar a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1890.<ref>"Hart's Army List 1894". Retrieved 26 January 2018.</ref> == Aiki == Raikes ya koma Sultanate na Zanzibar don ɗaukar alƙawari a matsayin Birgediya-Janar a cikin sojojin Sarkin Musulmi.<ref>Hernon 2003</ref><ref>Entry at The Peerage</ref> A cikin 1896 ya shiga cikin yakin Anglo-Zanzibar, wanda ya haifar da maye gurbin wani sarkin da bai dace ba ga Birtaniya, kuma ya jagoranci 900 masu goyon bayan Birtaniyyan Askaris lokacin harin bam a fadar Sarkin Musulmi.<ref>Hernon 2003</ref> A sakamakon hidimarsa an nada shi mamba na Daraja na Farko (Aji na Biyu) na Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1896, mamba na Daraja na Farko na Zanzibari Order na Hamondieh a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1897 sannan daga baya aka kara masa girma zuwa Kwamandan sojojin Zanzibari.<ref>No. 26886". The London Gazette. 27 August 1897. p. 4812.</ref><ref>No. 26780". The London Gazette. 25 September 1896. p. 5320</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1915]] ku9tkc4xzcc6exjpxw0bq2qsnnehrfs 0 86641 549098 537168 2024-11-30T16:38:05Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 549098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Afro-Portuguese ivory salt cellar (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saltcellar with Portuguese Figures]] '''Saltcellar with Portuguese Figures''' wani ma'ajin gishiri ne da ake sassaƙawa daga hauren giwa, wanda akayi a daular Benin dake afirka ta yamma a ƙarni na sha shidda da ake ƙera ma kasuwar Turawa. Ana danganta shi ga wani babban malami ko bita wanda ba a san shi ba wanda masana tarihi na fasaha suke kiranshi da '''Jagoran Heraldic Ship'''. Yana nuna wasu fitattun 'yan Portugal guda huɗu, biyu na manyan aji kuma sauran biyun wataƙila masu gadi ne da ke kare su. A cikin karni na 16. Maziyartan ƙasar Portugal sun b bada sautin mazubban gishiri na hauren giwa tare da maɗibansu masu irin abin nan. Wannan rumbun gishirin giwaye na Afro-Portuguese an sassaƙa shi da salon hauren giwar Benin, kwatankwacin shahararrun Tagullan Benin da kuma abin rufe fuska da akeyi dahga hauren giwa na Benin.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltcellar_with_Portuguese_Figures#cite_note-1</ref> ==MANAZARTA== mqrhs5ccjgq0078o1337f1le7x0ipvy 0 86947 549367 538536 2024-12-01T08:24:52Z BnHamid 12586 549367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Any Mother's Son''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 1997 wanda David Burton Morris ya jagoranta. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga labarin gaskiya, kisan Allen Schindler, wani jirgin ruwa na Amurka wanda aka kashe saboda kasancewa ɗan luwaɗi. Tauraron fim din Bonnie Bedelia, Hedy Burress, Sada Thompson da Paul Popowich . An fara shi ne a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1997 a kan Lifetime . Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Made for TV Movie, kuma an zabi Bedelia don Kyautar CableACE don fitaccen 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a fim ko Miniseries. == Labarin Fim == A shekara ta 1992, Allen Schindler, wani matukin jirgin ruwa mai shekaru 22 ya yi mummunan rauni har ya mutu har ya iya gano jikinsa ne kawai ta hanyar tattoos a hannunsa. Kisan ya faru ne a cikin gidan wanka na jama'a yayin da Schindler ke hutu a Sasebo, Japan. Mahaifiyar Schindler Dorothy Hajdys, ta damu lokacin da wakilan Sojan Ruwa suka ki ba ta cikakkun bayanai game da kisan ɗanta. Koyaya, wani mai ba da rahoto daga Pacific Stars and Stripes ya sanar da Dorothy cewa ɗanta ɗan luwaɗi ne, wanda Hajdys bai sani ba, kuma wannan na iya zama dalilin da ya sa aka kashe shi. Amma idan Sojojin Ruwa suna da wani abu da za su ce game da shi, duk batun zai kasance a ƙarƙashin kafet. An riga an yanke yarjejeniya tare da abokin tarayya, wanda bayan kotun soja ta sirri, ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin watanni huɗu, wanda ya yi kwanaki 78. Da yake ya kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi game da abin da ya faru da kuma sakamakonsa, Dorothy ta haɗu da sojoji tare da wani ɗan jarida don tilasta Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta bayyana dukan gaskiyar. == Ƴan Wasan Fim == * Bonnie Bedelia a matsayin Dorothy Hajdys * Paul Popowich a matsayin Allen Schindler * Hedy Burress a matsayin Kathy * Sada Thompson a matsayin Gertie * Fiona Reid a matsayin Doris * Allan Royal a matsayin Ben * Shawn Ashmore a matsayin Billy * Mimi Kuzyk a matsayin Peggy Evans * Peter Keleghan a matsayin Kyaftin John Curtis * Barry Flatman a matsayin Kwamandan Stevens * Scott Gibson a matsayin Terry Helvey * Michael Gabriel a matsayin Charles Vins == Bayanan samarwa == An ba da fim din ne daga ra'ayin Hajdys kuma ya dogara da wani bangare na takardun Sojan Ruwa na hukuma, da kuma maganganun rantsuwa na Terry M. Helvey da Charles E. Vins. Bruce Harmon, wanda ya rubuta rubutun, ya tattara fayil mai yawa game da batun Schindler da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da ke ciki. Daga cikin takardun da aka samu akwai wata sanarwa mai shafi huɗu da Helvey ya sanya hannu, yana cewa "kisan kai yana da banƙyama, rashin lafiya kuma yana da ban tsoro". <ref name="death of a sailor">{{Cite web |last=Lavin |first=Cheryl |date=August 10, 1997 |title=Death Of A Sailor |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-10-9708100361-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106125232/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-10-9708100361-story.html |archive-date=November 6, 2023 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Ma'anar fim ɗin ta zaɓi ainihin Dorothy Hajdys-Holman (wanda ya sake yin aure, a halin yanzu ana kiranta Clausen ko Hajdys, kuma ta sami $ 65,000 don aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na fasaha na fim ɗin. An harbe fim din a Toronto, Kanada, inda aka sake kirkirar wasu sassan gidanta. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta ki ba da hadin kai ga samarwa.<ref name="death of a sailor" /> Bonnie Bedelia ta ce ta sami labarin mai ban mamaki, bayan ta san abokan aikin gay a duk lokacin da take aiki. Ta kuma ce tsananin motsin rai na rawar ya fi tsananin yadda take tsammani.<ref name="cnn into spotlight">{{Cite web |last=Sylvester |first=Sherri |date=August 14, 1997 |title=Movie brings gay son's murder into spotlight |url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9708/14/any.mothers.son/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722074458/http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9708/14/any.mothers.son/ |archive-date=July 22, 2020 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="a sailors murder" /> Hajdys ta ce Bedelia ta kama zuciyar labarinta, kuma a karo na farko da ta kalli shi, ta yi kuka a duk abin.<ref name="cnn into spotlight" /> A cikin wani bangare a cikin fim din, Hajdys yana da rikici tare da jami'in hulɗa da jama'a na Navy, kuma ya gaya masa ba tare da la'akari ba; "ka gaya mini, tsakanin ɗana da Charles Vins, wanda kake tsammanin ya yi wa Rundunar Sojan Amurka da ƙasarsa hidima da girmamawa?" Vins, wacce kafofin watsa labarai suka tuntube shi kafin fitowar fim ɗin ya ce; <ref name="a sailors murder">{{Cite web |last=Strum |first=Charles |date=August 10, 1997 |title=A Sailor's Murder and a Mother's Crusade |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/10/tv/a-sailor-s-murder-and-a-mother-s-crusade.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430102745/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/10/tv/a-sailor-s-murder-and-a-mother-s-crusade.html |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Ba na jin duniya tana buƙatar sanin kasuwancin ta ba".<ref name="death of a sailor">{{Cite web |last=Lavin |first=Cheryl |date=August 10, 1997 |title=Death Of A Sailor |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-10-9708100361-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106125232/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-10-9708100361-story.html |archive-date=November 6, 2023 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> == Samun Muhimmiyar Karɓuwa == The Christian Science Monitor ya ce Bonnie Bedelia ta ba da karfi sosai, kuma ita ce "abu mafi kyau game da wannan wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya, wanda ke mai da hankali kan kuka fiye da mafita".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zipp |first=Yvonne |last2=Campbell |first2=Kim |date=August 7, 1997 |title=What's On |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/0807/080797.feat.tv.1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529055237/https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/0807/080797.feat.tv.1.html |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |website=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref> Binciken fim din na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya bayyana cewa, "fim din ba ya tafiya da sauƙi a kan abubuwan da ke cikin Sojan Ruwa, yana zana hoto mai ban mamaki na ɓoye-ɓoye na hukuma da ɓoye-ƙoye ... Bedelia yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki, wanda ba a bayyana shi ba yayin da asarar Hajdys ta zama wani ɓangare na maganganun jama'a game da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta soja a kan 'yan luwadi, da kuma kan halayen jama'a da wasu ke ɗauka don amincewa da cin zarafin' yan luwadi. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=August 11, 1997 |title=Homophobia at Heart of Any Mother's Son |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-11-ca-21373-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501105020/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-11-ca-21373-story.html |archive-date=May 1, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Wani bita na Burtaniya ya ce Bedelia "ya juya cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki.... daga raunin da ya ɓace na ɗanta zuwa wahayi da rikicewa game da ɗanta kasancewa ɗan luwaɗi ka yi imanin aikin Bedelia....amma yayin da [fim din] yana da kyau yana jin an hana shi, an daidaita shi don kada ya ɓata masu sauraro da yawa, wasan kwaikwayo da gaskiya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webb |first=Andy |date=1997 |title=Any Mother's Son (1997) Bonnie Bedelia, Hedy Burress, Paul Popowich, Fiona Reid Movie Review |url=https://www.themoviescene.co.uk/reviews/any-mothers-son-1997/any-mothers-son-1997.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208132731/https://themoviescene.co.uk/reviews/any-mothers-son-1997/any-mothers-son-1997.html |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |website=The Movie Scene (UK)}}</ref> Masanin tarihi Stephen Tropiano ya ce a cikin littafinsa The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV, "fim ne mai karfi da aka yi don talabijin" kuma ya nuna "aiki mai ban mamaki daga Bedelia a matsayin mahaifiyar Schindler". == Gabatarwa da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar CableACE don fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a fim ko miniseries (Bonnie Bedelia, wanda aka zaba) * GLAAD Media Award 1998 don Kyakkyawan Fim ɗin da aka yi don Fim ɗin Talabijin (mai nasara) <ref>{{Cite web |last=News Planet Staff |date=March 31, 1998 |title=GLAAD Awards Part I in NYC |url=http://www.planetout.com/news/article.html?1998/03/31/5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020201231248/http://www.planetout.com/news/article.html?1998%2F03%2F31%2F5 |archive-date=February 1, 2002 |publisher=[[Planet Out]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Yarinyar Soja * Rikicin da aka yi wa mutanen LGBT == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title}} * Any Mother's SonaAllMovie * ''[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/459695/any-mothers-son#overview Kowace Ɗan Uwa]'' a TCM [[Category:Fim]] [[Category:Fina-finan Amurika]] b9mh69rhdeh2boya8pcczcbxk7qxxab 0 87164 549361 540235 2024-12-01T08:19:23Z BnHamid 12586 549361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashley Jeein Park''' (haihuwa: shida ga Yuni a 1991) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mawakiya ta Amurka. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1991]] r34que868m45bkx1cwity2rf0sa9x5x 0 87457 549308 541836 2024-12-01T07:16:29Z BnHamid 12586 549308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hiroshima''' Babban gari ne a kasar Japan An kafa Hiroshima a cikin shekara ta 1589 a matsayin birni mai daraja a shekaran 1868, Hiroshima ta canza zuwa babban cibiyar birni da cibiyar masana'antu. A shekara ta 1889, Hiroshima ta sami matsayin birni a hukumance. Birnin ya kasance cibiyar ayyukan soja a lokacin mulkin mallaka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa kamar a yakin farko na Sin da Japan, Yaƙin Rasha da Japan, da yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya guda biyu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} jg7z6d3xgbh2babymxy2klc9sg25ed8 549309 549308 2024-12-01T07:18:21Z BnHamid 12586 549309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hiroshima''' Babban gari ne a kasar Japan An kafa Hiroshima a cikin shekara ta 1589 a matsayin birni mai daraja a shekaran 1868, Hiroshima ta canza zuwa babban cibiyar birni da cibiyar masana'antu. A shekara ta 1889, Hiroshima ta sami matsayin birni a hukumance. Birnin ya kasance cibiyar ayyukan soja a lokacin mulkin mallaka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa kamar a yakin farko na Sin da Japan, Yaƙin Rasha da Japan, da yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya guda biyu. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} b30p0jw33wxp5xqycc4gna47l1cf6c3 0 87459 549304 541846 2024-12-01T07:11:22Z BnHamid 12586 549304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Airways, Inc''''. kamfanin jirgin sama ne na Amurka wanda ke da hedikwata a Birnin Peachtree, Jojiya a Greater Atlanta . NYCAviation Staff (March 27, 2014). "BREAKING: World Airways Immediately Shutting Down". Retrieved November 8, 2015.</ref> Kamfanin yana aiki mafi yawan ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba amma ya tashi da sabis na fasinja da aka tsara, musamman tare da McDonnell Douglas DC-10 mai faɗi.[3] World Airways ta dakatar da dukkan ayyukan a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2014.<ref>"Only Pan Am Flies to all 6 continents!". everything Pan Am. 1948.<ref> "Feb. 15, 1985 Official Airline Guide (OAG), North American Edition". departedflights.com. Retrieved November 8, 2015.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== dwkqqcdjlefn8398zfln7m0vzz3jake 549305 549304 2024-12-01T07:13:07Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 549305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Airways, Inc''''. kamfanin jirgin sama ne na Amurka wanda ke da hedikwata a Birnin Peachtree, Jojiya a Greater Atlanta.<ref name="closure"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldairways.com/company-contact.php|title=World Airways: Contact Us|publisher=World Airways|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709203206/http://www.worldairways.com/company-contact.php|archive-date=July 9, 2014|access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref> Kamfanin yana aiki mafi yawan ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba amma ya tashi da sabis na fasinja da aka tsara, musamman tare da McDonnell Douglas DC-10 mai faɗi.[3] World Airways ta dakatar da dukkan ayyukan a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2014.<ref>"Only Pan Am Flies to all 6 continents!". everything Pan Am. 1948.<ref> "Feb. 15, 1985 Official Airline Guide (OAG), North American Edition". departedflights.com. Retrieved November 8, 2015.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== h89v8ggwcrt3eq6dtyspsk07qsax7f8 549306 549305 2024-12-01T07:14:57Z BnHamid 12586 549306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Airways, Inc'''. kamfanin jirgin sama ne na Amurka wanda ke da hedikwata a Birnin Peachtree, Jojiya a Greater Atlanta.<ref name="closure"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldairways.com/company-contact.php|title=World Airways: Contact Us|publisher=World Airways|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709203206/http://www.worldairways.com/company-contact.php|archive-date=July 9, 2014|access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref> Kamfanin yana aiki mafi yawan ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba amma ya tashi da sabis na fasinja da aka tsara, musamman tare da McDonnell Douglas DC-10 mai faɗi.<ref>h{{cite web|url=https://www.departedflights.com/coasttocoast84.html|title=Unknown}}{{dead link|date=September 2023|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> World Airways ta dakatar da dukkan ayyukan a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2014.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== n3ldxubq4n8ugl5tdc1oh4zbdj113jk 0 87795 549355 543668 2024-12-01T08:12:04Z BnHamid 12586 549355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayşenur Ezgi Eygi''' (27 Yuli 1998 - 6 Satumba 2024) ɗan ba'amurke ne haifaffen Ba'amurke mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama kuma mai ba da shawara ta tsara. Eygi ya kasance mai aikin sa kai na kungiyar hadin kan kasa da kasa (ISM) kuma mai fafutukar yaki da mamayar da Isra'ila ke yi wa yankunan Falasdinawa. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2024, wani maharbi na Sojojin Isra'ila (IDF) ya harbe ta a kai yayin wata zanga-zangar adawa da matsugunan haramtacciyar kasar Isra'ila a Beita, Nablus, a Yammacin Kogin Jordan. An garzaya da Eygi Asibitin tiyata na Rafidiya amma ya mutu ba da jimawa ba. Eygi shi ne dan ISM na uku da IDF ta kashe, tare da kashe Rachel Corrie a shekara ta 2003 ta hanyar bulldozer sannan Tom Hurndall ya kashe a 2004 kamar yadda Eygi ya yi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} dsp97pu2ds2zlxoxhzug21uqs5aj5ea 0 87929 549364 544442 2024-12-01T08:22:12Z BnHamid 12586 549364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Arthur James Gregg''' (Mayu 11, 1928 - Agusta 22, 2024) wani jami'in sojan Amurka ne wanda a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1977, ya zama Ba'amurke Ba'amurke na farko a cikin Sojojin Amurka da ya kai matsayin Laftanar Janar. A baya can, shi ne Birgediya Janar na farko na Ba’amurke a cikin rundunar sojojin Amurka Quartermaster Corps a ranar 1 ga Oktoba,, 1972.<ref>https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA326595.pdf</ref> Ya yi aikin sojan Amurka sama da shekaru 30 tare da aikinsa na karshe a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Sojoji (Logistics) kuma ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli. 24 ga Nuwamba, 1981.<ref>https://www.moaa.org/content/publications-and-media/news-articles/2021-news-articles/logistics-officer-rose-through-the-ranks-during-36-year-career/</ref> A cikin 2022, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta ba da sanarwar cewa Fort Lee a wajen Petersburg, Virginia, za a sake masa suna Fort Gregg–Adams don girmama Gregg da Lt. Col. Charity Adams Earley. Muhimmin ma'auni a cikin tsarin sake fasalin shine zaɓi mutane waɗanda aikinsu ya haɓaka kuma yayi daidai da shigarwar da ake sake suna. Gregg ƙwararren masani ne wanda aka sanya shi zuwa Fort Lee sau da yawa yayin aikinsa. Adams ya goyi bayan Adjutant General Corps (a matsayin WAC). Fort Gregg-Adams ita ce cibiya da gida na dabaru da dorewa ga Sojojin Amurka. Gregg ya halarci bikin sauya suna a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2023, kuma ya zama mutum na farko mai rai a tarihin Amurka na zamani da ya sami wata cibiyar sojan Amurka da aka sanya masa suna.<ref>https://www.fox5dc.com/news/virginias-fort-lee-to-become-fort-gregg-adams-next-month</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] gdlrtbr4rwnyncffdk97b9m7fm8jrpc 0 87930 549287 544446 2024-12-01T05:31:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 549287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William James Pascrell Jr.''' (Janairu 25, 1937 - Agusta 21, 2024) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ɗan Amurka ne. Wakili daga New Jersey daga 1997 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2024. Pascrell memba ne na Democratic Party kuma ɗan asalin Paterson. Kafin zabensa zuwa Majalisar Wakilai, Pascrell ya yi aiki a Babban Taro na New Jersey na wa'adi hudu tun daga 1988 kuma an zabe shi zuwa wa'adi biyu a matsayin magajin garin Paterson. An fara zabe shi a Majalisar a 1996 yana wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 8th ta New Jersey,. A cikin 2012, an mayar da gunduma ta 8 zuwa gunduma ta 9. Pascrell ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Steve Rothman a zaben fidda gwani kuma an zabe shi don wakiltar gunduma ta 9 a babban zaben 2012. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin daga gunduma ta 9 har zuwa rasuwarsa.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/06/nyregion/bill-pascrell-defeats-steve-rothman-in-new-jersey.html</ref> ==Manazarta== r96fij43e4061fnq8guzxtegtgjbq47 549288 549287 2024-12-01T05:32:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 549288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''William James Pascrell Jr.''' (Janairu 25, 1937 - Agusta 21, 2024) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne wanda ɗan Amurka ne. Wakili daga New Jersey daga 1997 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2024. Pascrell memba ne na Democratic Party kuma ɗan asalin Paterson. Kafin zabensa zuwa Majalisar Wakilai, Pascrell ya yi aiki a Babban Taro na New Jersey na wa'adi hudu tun daga 1988 kuma an zabe shi zuwa wa'adi biyu a matsayin magajin garin Paterson. An fara zabe shi a Majalisar a 1996 yana wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 8th ta New Jersey,. A cikin 2012, an mayar da gunduma ta 8 zuwa gunduma ta 9. Pascrell ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Steve Rothman a zaben fidda gwani kuma an zabe shi don wakiltar gunduma ta 9 a babban zaben 2012. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin daga gunduma ta 9 har zuwa rasuwarsa.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/06/nyregion/bill-pascrell-defeats-steve-rothman-in-new-jersey.html</ref> ==Manazarta== s47zzcz6in0o58b17h76zcj49kxjbyx 0 87931 549360 544453 2024-12-01T08:18:28Z BnHamid 12586 549360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Atsuko Tanaka''' (Fabrairu 10, 1932 - Disamba 3, 2005) ɗan ƙasar Japan ne mai zane-zane. Ta kasance babban jigo na Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Gutai daga 1955 zuwa 1965. Ayyukanta sun sami ƙarin kulawa da masana a duk faɗin duniya tun farkon shekarun 2000, lokacin da ta sami gidan kayan gargajiya na farko a Ashiya, Japan, wanda ya biyo baya ta farko. Komawa zuwa ƙasashen waje, a cikin New York da Vancouver.. An nuna aikinta a nune-nune da yawa kan fasahar Gutai a Turai da Arewacin Amurka.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/43188842</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2005]] 8xp0o7q6lrdcbcgvxap0000sw83ywlt 0 87995 549366 544708 2024-12-01T08:23:57Z BnHamid 12586 549366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arbutus mollis''' wani nau'in tsiro ne a cikin dangin heath. Ana samunsa a Mexico.<ref>Acta Botanica Mexicana 101: 49-81 (2012). Arbutus mollis</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] tu4dx2i20q70ap7ncj97s5e2yzsbvyc 0 88066 549373 545571 2024-12-01T08:33:25Z BnHamid 12586 549373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''BIH'''''' ko BIH na iya zama: * [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]], lambar ƙasa ce ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 <code>BIH</code> * Rashin hawan jini na intracranial, cuta na jijiyoyi * Matsayi na lokaci, tsarin bayanai don zane-zane na kwamfuta * Ofishin Lokaci na Duniya (Ofishin Lokaci ya Duniya) * Wani taƙaitaccen nau'in kalmar "bitch" == Harsuna == * Harshen Rade na Vietnam (Glottolog code: <code>bih</code>) * [Harshen Bihari] na Indiya da Nepal (ISO 639 alpha-3 lambar harshe bih) == Sufuri == * Filin jirgin saman Yankin Gabashin Sierra, California (IATA wuri identifier) * British International Helicopters, kamfanin jirgin sama da ke Ingila i89ea9whg8o8ius4prlgsvy396z7fsv 0 88142 549358 547615 2024-12-01T08:16:35Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 549358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland Park makaranta ce da ke cikin Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>Contact APAX". Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011</ref> An kafa makarantar ne a farkon shekarar karatu a shekara ta 2011. Tsarin karatun makarantar ya dogara ne akan tsarin karatun ƙasa kamar yadda Sashen Ilimi na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙulla.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/foundation.htm[permanent</ref> APAX kuma tana ba wa ɗalibanta tsarimusulunci.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/islamic.htm{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==matakai== Kamar yadda na 2017, Auckland Park Academy of Excellence ya ƙunshi maki 1 zuwa 12. Waɗannan ana kiran su Foundation, Intermediate da FET (Ƙarin Ilimi da Horarwa). Bayan farawa da maki 1 zuwa na 6 a cikin 2011, makarantar ta ƙara ƙarin maki kowace shekara ta ilimi har zuwa 2017.<ref>permanent dead li</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100830012303/http://www.education.gpg.gov.za/ Gauteng Department of Education] *[http://www.apax.co.za/ Auckland Park Academy of Excellence official site] djsl6hjsjag2iotip31tcx7qttugib5 549359 549358 2024-12-01T08:17:10Z BnHamid 12586 549359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland Park makaranta ce da ke cikin Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>Contact APAX". Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011</ref> An kafa makarantar ne a farkon shekarar karatu a shekara ta 2011. Tsarin karatun makarantar ya dogara ne akan tsarin karatun ƙasa kamar yadda Sashen Ilimi na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙulla.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/foundation.htm[permanent</ref> APAX kuma tana ba wa ɗalibanta tsarimusulunci.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/islamic.htm{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Matakai== Kamar yadda na 2017, Auckland Park Academy of Excellence ya ƙunshi maki 1 zuwa 12. Waɗannan ana kiran su Foundation, Intermediate da FET (Ƙarin Ilimi da Horarwa). Bayan farawa da maki 1 zuwa na 6 a cikin 2011, makarantar ta ƙara ƙarin maki kowace shekara ta ilimi har zuwa 2017.<ref>permanent dead li</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100830012303/http://www.education.gpg.gov.za/ Gauteng Department of Education] *[http://www.apax.co.za/ Auckland Park Academy of Excellence official site] 3qzvt9l2z5elm7fochx99yrchqmsbhq 0 88339 548977 548976 2024-11-30T12:00:58Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 548977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin Nama na Namibiya''', wanda aka fi sani da '''MeatCo''', wani kamfani ne na sarrafa nama da ke da hedikwata a [[Windhoek]], babban birnin [[Namibiya|Namibia]]. Ita ce mai fitar da naman sa mafi girma a [[Namibiya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=www.omalaetiit.com |first=Omalaeti Technologies, Namibia |title=Meat Corporation of Namibia (Meatco) - News - |url=http://www.meatco.com.na/news/meatco-chosen-as-leading-meat-processor-and-abattoir-in-namibia |access-date=2017-08-17 |website=www.meatco.com.na |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kamfanin Swameat a cikin shekarar 1986 a matsayin ƙungiyar jiha mai kula da samar da nama da fitarwa a [[Namibiya]]. A cikin shekarar 2001, ta canza suna zuwa Kamfanin Meat na [[Namibiya|Namibia]] (Meatco). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Meat Corporation of Namibia Act 1 of 2001 |url=https://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Meat%20Corporation%20of%20Namibia%20Act%201%20of%202001.pdf |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Lac.org.na}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, bayan da EU ta haramta shigo da naman Namibiya, Meatco ya mayar da kwantena 17 na sabo zuwa Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hugh Ellis |date=11 December 2003 |title=Namibia: Export Ban Costs Meatco N$5m |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200312110270.html |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2008, Meatco ya fara fitarwa zuwa Switzerland da Dubai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2008 |title=Meatco exports to new markets |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=40490&page=archive-read |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Namibian.com.na}}</ref> A cewar ''The Namibia'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-08 |title=Government's share in Meatco - negative and positive |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/news/marketplace/full-story/archive/2012/august/article/governments-share-in-meatco-negative-and-positive |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808043520/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/marketplace/full-story/archive/2012/august/article/governments-share-in-meatco-negative-and-positive |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> gwamnati ta sanar a watan Yuni 2012 cewa mallakar Meatco za ta kasance a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da mafi yawan hannun jari na 70 bisa ɗari, kuma gwamnati za ta mallaki sauran kashi 30 cikin ɗari. A cikin shekarar 2017, Meatco ya aika da naman sa na farko zuwa [[China]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2020 |title=China now prime market for Namibian beef |url=https://southerntimesafrica.com/site/news/china-now-prime-market-for-namibian-beef |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Southerntimesafrica.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, asarar da kamfanin ya yi ya ragu daga dalar Amurka miliyan 51 zuwa dala miliyan 18. A cikin watan Janairu 2020, Mwilima Mushokabanji, wanda a baya babban darektan kungiyar manoma ta Namibia, ya zama sabon Shugaba na kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuzeeko Tjitemisa |date=8 January 2020 |title=New Meatco CEO faces tough task - Jooste |url=https://neweralive.na/posts/new-meatco-ceo-faces-tough-task-jooste |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Neweralive.na}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Meatco ya zama farkon mai fitar da naman sa na Afirka zuwa Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2020 |title=Namibia first African country to export red meat to hungry U.S. market |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-namibia-usa-beef/namibia-first-african-country-to-export-red-meat-to-hungry-u-s-market-idUSKBN20E1BB |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref> kuma ya ci gaba da yin bincike tare da Tarayyar Turai a ƙoƙarin fitarwa zuwa Turai, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Meatco passes annual EU audits |url=https://neweralive.na/posts/meatco-passes-annual-eu-audits |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Neweralive.na}}</ref> amma kuma ya kai Botswana don shigo da ƙarin garken bayan tsananin fari a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2020 |title=Namibia looks to import cattle as drought decimates local herds |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/namibia-drought/namibia-looks-to-import-cattle-as-drought-decimates-local-herds-idUSL8N29Q371 |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref> Kamfanin ya karbi ragamar kula da mahautar Katima Mulilo daga hannun mai zaman kansa na kamfanin Zambezi Meat Corporation (Zamco). <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2020 |title=Meatco to run Katima abattoir again |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/198158/archive-read/Meatco-to-run-Katima-abattoir-again |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Namibian.com}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 2020, Johnnie Hamman, sanannen ɗan kasuwa kuma masanin shari'a, an naɗa shi sabon Shugaban kamfanin. == Bayani == Meatco galibi yana samar da daskararre, yankan naman sa mai cike da ruwa don fitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, an samar da nama da aka shirya don ci da naman sa. Duk samfuran halitta sun fito ne daga shanun Namibiya masu kyauta. Manyan abokan cinikin Meatco a halin yanzu sune [[Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] da [[Norway]], ko da yake ya ratsa wasu kasuwanni daban-daban ciki har da [[Jamus]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italiya]], [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], [[Sin|China]] da [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]]. Kamfanin yana da wurare a [[Windhoek]], Okapuka, [[Johannesburg]], [[Landan|London]], Oshakati, Katima Mulilo, Otjiwarongo, Grootfontein, [[Okahandja]] da sauransu. Makarantun sa sune HACCP <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meat Board of Namibia - Meat Industry |url=http://www.nammic.com.na/meat.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730063508/http://www.nammic.com.na/meat.php |archive-date=2012-07-30 |access-date=2012-10-31}}</ref> da ISO 9001 da aka amince da su kuma suna da matsayin fitarwa na [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Meatco ya mallaki 33.3% na GPS Norway AS. == Manazarta == amu5qzulu5w2d57cbwk7wp2ettmf2oe 0 88340 548978 2024-11-30T12:11:42Z Yazeed sada30281 32299 Kirkirar Sabuwar mukala 548978 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>'''Vladimir putin'''</nowiki>Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon jami’in leken asiri wanda yake shugabancin Rasha tun daga shekarar 2012, bayan ya taba shugabancin daga 2000 zuwa 2008. Putin kuma ya taba rike mukamin Firayim Ministan Rasha daga 1999 zuwa 2000 da kuma daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A cikin shekaru 24, watanni 10 da kwanaki 30 da yake kan mulki, shi ne shugaba mafi dadewa kan mulki a tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet tun lokacin shugabancin shekara 30 na Joseph Stalin.<ref>d]/ˈpuːtɪn/ POO-tin; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ⓘ.</ref>Putin ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in leken asirin ƙasashen waje na KGB na tsawon shekaru 16, inda ya kai matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1991 don fara sana'ar siyasa a birnin Saint Petersburg. A shekarar 1996, ya koma birnin Moscow don shiga cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin. Ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayya (FSB) sannan ya zama sakataren Majalisar Tsaro ta Rasha kafin a naɗa shi firaminista a watan Agustan 1999. Bayan Yeltsin ya yi murabus, Putin ya zama mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa kuma, a cikin ƙasa da watanni huɗu, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2004. Saboda iyakar wa’adin shugaban ƙasa biyu a jere da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada, Putin ya sake yin aiki a matsayin firaminista daga 2008 zuwa 2012 ƙarƙashin Dmitry Medvedev. Ya koma shugabancin ƙasa a shekarar 2012, bayan wani zaɓen da aka yi zargi da maguɗi da kuma zanga-zanga, sannan an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2018.A lokacin farko na shugabancinsa, tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da matsakaicin kashi bakwai cikin ɗari a kowace shekara<ref>[2]Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref>wanda aka samu ta dalilin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar farashin mai da iskar gas<ref>^[3] ''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9.</ref><ref>[4]Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17</ref> 5zpty5mg3kvre3nfkcjwtwt2ezsj0dl 549006 548978 2024-11-30T14:41:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 549006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir putin''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon jami’in leken asiri wanda yake shugabancin Rasha tun daga shekarar 2012, bayan ya taba shugabancin daga 2000 zuwa 2008. Putin kuma ya taba rike mukamin Firayim Ministan Rasha daga 1999 zuwa 2000 da kuma daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A cikin shekaru 24, watanni 10 da kwanaki 30 da yake kan mulki, shi ne shugaba mafi dadewa kan mulki a tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet tun lokacin shugabancin shekara 30 na Joseph Stalin.<ref>d]/ˈpuːtɪn/ POO-tin; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ⓘ.</ref>Putin ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in leken asirin ƙasashen waje na KGB na tsawon shekaru 16, inda ya kai matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1991 don fara sana'ar siyasa a birnin Saint Petersburg. A shekarar 1996, ya koma birnin Moscow don shiga cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin. Ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayya (FSB) sannan ya zama sakataren Majalisar Tsaro ta Rasha kafin a naɗa shi firaminista a watan Agustan 1999. Bayan Yeltsin ya yi murabus, Putin ya zama mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa kuma, a cikin ƙasa da watanni huɗu, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2004. Saboda iyakar wa’adin shugaban ƙasa biyu a jere da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada, Putin ya sake yin aiki a matsayin firaminista daga 2008 zuwa 2012 ƙarƙashin Dmitry Medvedev. Ya koma shugabancin ƙasa a shekarar 2012, bayan wani zaɓen da aka yi zargi da maguɗi da kuma zanga-zanga, sannan an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2018.A lokacin farko na shugabancinsa, tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da matsakaicin kashi bakwai cikin ɗari a kowace shekara<ref>[2]Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref>wanda aka samu ta dalilin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar farashin mai da iskar gas<ref>^[3] ''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9.</ref><ref>[4]Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17</ref> == Manazarta == 2y63n451zndmz3hjfciuhs81f6z9ew4 0 88341 548979 2024-11-30T13:42:23Z Saifullahi AS 19028 kirkirar mukala 548979 wikitext text/x-wiki Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura == Manazarta == 8035tyzzmzldzeolvoj01h51yds2bdx 548981 548979 2024-11-30T13:45:23Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 548981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura == Manazarta == rmouc7vab5jtxx01rs1dgnoa68ebnbd 548983 548981 2024-11-30T13:47:29Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 548983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. == Manazarta == 983zh95ck1xwggjun4xvqoc9m2eh493 548984 548983 2024-11-30T13:48:12Z Saifullahi AS 19028 548984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Manazarta == hd8h78vopl0a3ho92gtfs91kjg6gi5n 548986 548984 2024-11-30T13:49:16Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 548986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == == Manazarta == n0evgeqsdk0wmgiuhjp5ekwszrpfp9q 548989 548986 2024-11-30T13:58:12Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 548989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. == Manazarta == sr8ev38muf5ocmz0a4lcjqa6dpdeozh 548990 548989 2024-11-30T13:59:33Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 548990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi. == Manazarta == hfl9i4gfnvrnkjg2y23egiq1zakmwgu 548991 548990 2024-11-30T14:00:34Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 548991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. == Manazarta == 8b4gbmg3tkqxwqz600oqf5qwd74pu7k 548992 548991 2024-11-30T14:04:01Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 548992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki, tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 7qbr7cbyel9v282lnwchpisg1hpx83a 548993 548992 2024-11-30T14:04:40Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka manazarta 548993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri. == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 7ehwudjao22fo83qeur3k7wp4w4tlzs 548994 548993 2024-11-30T14:05:13Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka manazarta 548994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 0n86s0rr80pnzpipdeaw4ce77b2b1fs 548995 548994 2024-11-30T14:05:44Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka manazarta 548995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref><ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki. bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 6h25zn1n6vpg4h48tlltb6v8xlvyzth 548996 548995 2024-11-30T14:06:30Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayani 548996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref><ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki.<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/diagnosis.html</ref> bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 1mslvecwilrrkcmk9srxip1mh377ygn 548997 548996 2024-11-30T14:07:29Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 548997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref><ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki.<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/diagnosis.html</ref> bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, <ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 4 October 2019.</ref>yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka. == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == mude7u30vklzl5diu2w3m6i5vnkh1v0 548998 548997 2024-11-30T14:08:29Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka manazarta 548998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref><ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki.<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/diagnosis.html</ref> bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, <ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 4 October 2019.</ref>yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka.<ref>Chakraborty, Sanjukta; Gurusamy, Manokaran; Zawieja, David C.; Muthuchamy, Mariappan (July 2013). "Lymphatic filariasis: Perspectives on lymphatic remodeling and contractile dysfunction in filarial disease pathogenesis". ''Microcirculation''. '''20''' (5): 349–364. doi:10.1111/micc.12031. ISSN 1073-9688. PMC 3613430. <nowiki>PMID 23237232</nowiki></ref> == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 5qjpxympuk0v7cgtmg7scj2m4fd6930 549005 548998 2024-11-30T14:29:32Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Alamomin Cuta */ saka bayanai 549005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elephantiasis, wata cuta ce wadda take sa gabobin jiki suyi girma sukumayi karfi ko kuma tauri. saboda yanayin kumburin tsoka. ana gane wannan cutar ne a turance da wasu abubuwa da girman sassan jiki,<ref>James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 432. ISBN <bdi>9780323319690</bdi>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.</ref> tauri. wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tare maguana ta lymphatic, Yana iya shafar al'aura. Ana amfani da kalmar '''elephantiasis''' lokacin da samu cutar ta hanyoyin kwayoyin cutar parasite. kumburin ze iya kasancewa a a gabobin sirri.<ref>"Lymphatic filariasis Fact sheet N°102". ''World Health Organization''. March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.</ref><ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</ref> == Alamomin Cuta == Saudawa mukaten da suka kamu da cutar basu cika bayyanaba, sedai wasu kuma suka samun lalacewar lymphatic systerm na jiki.<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/diagnosis.html</ref> bayan shigar kwayoyin cutar acikin jiki,ana daukar watanni, sannan mutum ze iya farawa da zazzabi da kuma kumbi a wuraren lymph node. A wuraren da ke da filariasis lymphatic, <ref>"Lymphatic filariasis". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 4 October 2019.</ref>yawanci mutane suna kamuwa da cutar tun suna yara, kuma alamun suna farawa tun lokacin samartaka.<ref>Chakraborty, Sanjukta; Gurusamy, Manokaran; Zawieja, David C.; Muthuchamy, Mariappan (July 2013). "Lymphatic filariasis: Perspectives on lymphatic remodeling and contractile dysfunction in filarial disease pathogenesis". ''Microcirculation''. '''20''' (5): 349–364. doi:10.1111/micc.12031. ISSN 1073-9688. PMC 3613430. <nowiki>PMID 23237232</nowiki></ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention</ref> == Abinda ke haifar da cuta == == Manazarta == 694zuuqwwv9g85iebrroa3e2ia62rej 0 88342 549007 2024-11-30T15:36:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. 549007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. htxopnqxcwediy2h84am2ylyc4crly4 549008 549007 2024-11-30T15:37:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== lutt1l931bmhol73awmxghfwyh02vxq 549009 549008 2024-11-30T15:39:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935. b1gukm6jcp35vikffaxg8q9q8jmh3w0 549012 549009 2024-11-30T15:39:51Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953. 8uphlf2op1ll186ginbov54rc2qquhb 549016 549012 2024-11-30T15:40:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref></ref> da0df9vjolf6u6qwn1shf8256tjzjlq 549017 549016 2024-11-30T15:40:57Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref> l5z35zff72oei3q61kunxhouuhqa9uh 549020 549017 2024-11-30T15:41:25Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci. ld1ppzi1u75417mnooj4d0s3pcycyir 549022 549020 2024-11-30T15:41:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci. 2m72gj69w9ka3r1to0peefghsip1e2c 549025 549022 2024-11-30T15:42:22Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref> c40olb88p0b4ptt7dbo21jv7kkuy4ul 549029 549025 2024-11-30T15:42:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa. c4saadyv0kuq85c6can8d2ai7r0gsmn 549031 549029 2024-11-30T15:43:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref> ap8dcr4hilonffsp34h69pcinonfvx3 549033 549031 2024-11-30T15:43:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA. 8iwfyc1sahbb8hl0vkxtjrivca9b5za 549035 549033 2024-11-30T15:44:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref> o6mn92p9aowduwyly5epuqi7veddh52 549037 549035 2024-11-30T15:45:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957. tsmcbtkt8a5cfdyguj31h2lhzsrv1qr 549038 549037 2024-11-30T15:45:23Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref> rqxoaenzvoclwy8hsgkmy10ix3kr7rq 549040 549038 2024-11-30T15:45:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962. ajsg0ks400htlxgu0ksrieharhbvbva 549044 549040 2024-11-30T15:46:23Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> 4h6axd67utcaypuouo06ry7yphamgef 549047 549044 2024-11-30T15:47:43Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== dby8x6k7lcjv57zeub8x9w2edryj1u3 549048 549047 2024-11-30T15:48:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964. f3sos83jgq5xky8p0wca2glu9w63t33 549049 549048 2024-11-30T15:49:10Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988. ak034ptdh7ewvdrlz8q2qdmo0575ghu 549050 549049 2024-11-30T15:50:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> pg2sechuce4tls0mkmbqdg8pts9mtl9 549051 549050 2024-11-30T15:51:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' cod3yixo4pkg1ut5dqlby04q0u9whqp 549052 549051 2024-11-30T15:51:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993. 7z2y9iixqjnbbe9kakkn0i3kzcmv06j 549053 549052 2024-11-30T15:52:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> 857n5hnqe1ukwxpc07mnx2upu0m0t0t 549054 549053 2024-11-30T15:52:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa. jgyivukkebucgkfjwytp9fmbqc5t4s8 549055 549054 2024-11-30T15:53:31Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri. g14f5959o1tiwvjjl7ia9scjckaqfzw 549056 549055 2024-11-30T15:54:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990. 58ogqwxb1jluay4f5ofbsqtps5kjkoz 549057 549056 2024-11-30T15:54:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> gky8ut09n70cks4zcvrdiflc6gxyf00 549058 549057 2024-11-30T15:55:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994. 9hgcc37vkpejvtlosg9rt08867nrfx3 549059 549058 2024-11-30T15:55:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> 90szot2rfe2z949i9fi9wglxp8bi9xx 549060 549059 2024-11-30T15:56:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar. l9aahjav94o2ct0ys1h3uhmg72dh0mx 549061 549060 2024-11-30T15:56:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> boqel8l7lcn6xjhjmictfniwz6arpcl 549062 549061 2024-11-30T15:57:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== cf46gn1dykrzkzxb7tj2ig81e9n6aa3 549063 549062 2024-11-30T15:58:11Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002. t46fi155jvuwec52z6kppwuwcsziw7j 549064 549063 2024-11-30T15:59:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002.An zaɓi ɗansa, Henry Joseph Nowak, a matsayin mai shari'a na gundumar shari'a ta 8 ta Kotun Koli ta New York a cikin 2010 kuma ya zama alkali na Kotun Gidajen Buffalo daga 2003 zuwa 2010. cz4u08mltmioycs2k62d14blmb6eazm 549065 549064 2024-11-30T15:59:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002.An zaɓi ɗansa, Henry Joseph Nowak, a matsayin mai shari'a na gundumar shari'a ta 8 ta Kotun Koli ta New York a cikin 2010 kuma ya zama alkali na Kotun Gidajen Buffalo daga 2003 zuwa 2010.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/2010/12/30/nowak-sworn-in-as-state-judge/</ref> gzawams123g2tao567pbcg1nnuu009l 549066 549065 2024-11-30T16:00:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002.An zaɓi ɗansa, Henry Joseph Nowak, a matsayin mai shari'a na gundumar shari'a ta 8 ta Kotun Koli ta New York a cikin 2010 kuma ya zama alkali na Kotun Gidajen Buffalo daga 2003 zuwa 2010.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/2010/12/30/nowak-sworn-in-as-state-judge/</ref> Nowak ya mutu a Pompano Beach, Florida, a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 89. 4uwfmvn5r4too4428qdw2eb8hb43pnj 549067 549066 2024-11-30T16:00:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002.An zaɓi ɗansa, Henry Joseph Nowak, a matsayin mai shari'a na gundumar shari'a ta 8 ta Kotun Koli ta New York a cikin 2010 kuma ya zama alkali na Kotun Gidajen Buffalo daga 2003 zuwa 2010.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/2010/12/30/nowak-sworn-in-as-state-judge/</ref> Nowak ya mutu a Pompano Beach, Florida, a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 89.<ref>https://voterrecords.com/voter/7824848/henry-nowak</ref> 5ipwvepr6c6677na9ulze4d8nqlppcy 549068 549067 2024-11-30T16:01:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Henry James Nowak''' (Fabrairu 21, 1935 - Yuli 21, 2024) lauyan Ba'amurke ne, ɗan siyasa, kuma ɗan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka daga New York tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1993. ==rayuwa== Nowak an haife shi a Buffalo, New York, a cikin 1935.Ya halarci makarantun firamare na jama'a a Buffalo kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Riverside, Buffalo, a 1953.Ya sami B.A. daga Canisius College, Buffalo a 1957.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress</ref>A lokacin aikinsa na kwaleji, Nowak ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Golden Griffs. Lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa, shi ne shugaban kwalejin Canisius wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a kowane lokaci.A cikin shekaru uku a matsayin dan wasa, ya ci maki 1,449 kuma ya samu maki 18.6 a wasa. A yau, har yanzu yana matsayi na farko a cikin ƙwallo da kuma na uku a kowane lokaci.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/documents/2017/5/24//HistoryBook_100120.pdf?id=3530</ref>A matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando, Nowak ana yi masa lakabi da "Hammerin' Hank" saboda ƙaƙƙarfan playstyle ɗin sa.<ref>https://gogriffs.com/news/2024/7/22/mens-basketball-canisius-mourns-the-passing-of-henry-nowak-57.aspx</ref>Nowak ya jagoranci Griffs zuwa wasanni uku cikin hudu a gasar kwallon kwando ta NCAA.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220404213750/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/erik-brady-henry-nowak-remembers-when-his-little-school-from-buffalo-was-an-ncaa-tournament/article_cbad5ca4-b415-11ec-a040-23aefcc851c2.html</ref>Louis Hawks daga baya ya zana shi da zaɓi na 28 a cikin daftarin NBA na 1957.<ref>https://www.basketball-reference.com/draft/NBA_1957.html</ref>Daga 1957 zuwa 1958 Nowak ya yi aikin sojan Amurka, sannan ya sami digiri na J.D a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Buffalo a shekarar 1961. Sannan ya sake yin aikin soja daga 1961 zuwa 1962.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> ==Sana'ar siyasa== An shigar da shi mashaya na New York a cikin 1963, ya fara aiki a Buffalo, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauya na gundumar Erie, New York a 1964.Erie County Comptroller daga 1966 zuwa 1974, shi ma wakili ne zuwa babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na jihar New York a shekarar 1970, da kuma babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat a 1972 da 1988.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> '''Majalisa''' An zabi Nowak a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat a 1974 - a cikin gungun 'yan Democrat masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka zaba a waccan shekarar da aka fi sani da Watergate Babies - don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 37 ta New York a cikin Majalissar ta 94th, bayan wa'adin 4 Nowak an sake shi zuwa gunduma ta 33, wacce ya wakilta. na sharuddan 5. Ya yi aiki daga Janairu 3, 1975, zuwa Janairu 3, 1993.<ref>"Henry J. Nowak". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>Zabar ba don gwadawa da komawa gidan ba bayan an soke gunduma ta 33 yayin sake rarrabawa.A duk tsawon aikinsa na majalisa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan ayyukan jama'a da sufuri.An bayyana shi a cikin The Buffalo News a matsayin "mutumin da ya kai dala biliyan Buffalo", dan majalisa mai son kai wanda aka fi sani da samun tallafi don ayyukan more rayuwa a yankin Buffalo, gami da gina Interstate 990.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>A lokacin Majalisa na 103, Nowak ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a 1994.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref>Tare da sabbin membobin da ake tsammani a cikin 1995 saboda babban canji, an ba da rahoton cewa Nowak bai so ya ci gaba da zama a Majalisa ba har tsawon lokacin da magajinsa ya fara aikin House tare da babban rashin nasara, kodayake shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin shugabannin Democrat a cikin Buffalo da Albany. , babban birnin jihar.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/news/local/government-politics/henry-nowak-longtime-buffalo-congressman-and-canisius-basketball-star-has-died/article_64994930-8af9-11ee-8f2a-370fee0bc8f0.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Wani mazaunin Buffalo, New York, Nowak yana da 'ya, Diane (Nowak) Kent, wanda kuma yana cikin Gidan Wasannin Canisius na Fame, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2002.An zaɓi ɗansa, Henry Joseph Nowak, a matsayin mai shari'a na gundumar shari'a ta 8 ta Kotun Koli ta New York a cikin 2010 kuma ya zama alkali na Kotun Gidajen Buffalo daga 2003 zuwa 2010.<ref>https://buffalonews.com/2010/12/30/nowak-sworn-in-as-state-judge/</ref> Nowak ya mutu a Pompano Beach, Florida, a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 89.<ref>https://voterrecords.com/voter/7824848/henry-nowak</ref> ==MANAZARTA== onqny6gsrc922qfdgci93k57nyny6y6 0 88343 549069 2024-11-30T16:05:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024. 549069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024. rnp5ycscjkg96b66kf0qfx5qn2q0ba0 549070 549069 2024-11-30T16:06:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston. nc5z4d551rrb7wo9n5pjh7yjlpyt2ik 549071 549070 2024-11-30T16:07:09Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. oskmn914dvmoljmmof8ti6b2ytq0ygr 549072 549071 2024-11-30T16:07:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975. rw3xw938ntrrw47b961sesk84kvuwoh 549073 549072 2024-11-30T16:08:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> gwmqybv1djqbmfxv6gxutafmvxvcba0 549074 549073 2024-11-30T16:09:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni. 9w8meau0ha7sbzp1tas0p1du7y1ipv5 549075 549074 2024-11-30T16:09:41Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston. 8tf8ud8d9g5w04t0y0x9s3zuzifr68r 549076 549075 2024-11-30T16:10:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka. f0g0ifn9wubg1gzq0ztoitvxz6aiywb 549077 549076 2024-11-30T16:10:41Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. e9jidfathx7zmhfnun0ubgv0zxal8gi 549078 549077 2024-11-30T16:11:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk. affagn3ygmjw2nu9px7r6r07hb8gezf 549079 549078 2024-11-30T16:11:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref> qf8qye8nxonx5pahjrx2bbsad5vig2n 549080 549079 2024-11-30T16:12:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021. cyyy1ctqwrxbus6dhsxlraspfrf6u3g 549081 549080 2024-11-30T16:13:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa. 2oqmv9leagwl3kub1di05ceap2gasp7 549082 549081 2024-11-30T16:13:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee announced her candidacy for the 2023 Houston mayoral election in March of that year. 34krphm3vtuexu044fjt0nyt6uougaw 549083 549082 2024-11-30T16:15:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar. rav4wczslmnqzpezh6ltsqvbzl3pylp 549084 549083 2024-11-30T16:16:06Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire. 9np2a13hqfrpexahdaap1g2vdekkirj 549085 549084 2024-11-30T16:16:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023. dcov34iefvkh7khqd8akoft9qxok16e 549086 549085 2024-11-30T16:16:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. 7t64uhc2b1jt7kr5ud0wev3ozokki51 549087 549086 2024-11-30T16:17:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024. cexk7djxix4o8e2xpd20j3wkcgdxxic 549088 549087 2024-11-30T16:18:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic. dz71hidglzbh6wd4utizensq6u2negt 549089 549088 2024-11-30T16:18:40Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> eb4m4n93mcevveq0ixzkxxo2fdxv5of 549090 549089 2024-11-30T16:19:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== q1v4b3mb9xz6gty2nfgykyo2xd39mpg 549212 549090 2024-12-01T00:26:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950. mzsxc69dj7bwksdirjecuuzmml355bz 549213 549212 2024-12-01T00:27:10Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref> 9rtp675oaywccm96uwnay40wbc7iz5d 549214 549213 2024-12-01T00:27:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica. 7uhigvuk5tl0s7dwm29wvfpzwu6q1se 549215 549214 2024-12-01T00:28:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref> 5a0s7psjfqn8dwcuib3jpg7u9agedgd 549216 549215 2024-12-01T00:30:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens. bm3owaki1zfol0lc7a2h9527kgbrvkb 549217 549216 2024-12-01T00:31:00Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975. 0r05mqrg3p1b8xvnvrbow258xhf23r7 549218 549217 2024-12-01T00:31:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref> stk29ht3fvyoua47qwtda6cbg0jpv1f 549219 549218 2024-12-01T00:32:41Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston. 02ulhld2u0my0ea0vyd0mdst21d5ig5 549220 549219 2024-12-01T00:33:42Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990. tkqaqm81b9f1z8g6hcedu2j0hi202ii 549221 549220 2024-12-01T00:34:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref> pry0x44wnsumw29jmj8yy1x02ua1oxz 549222 549221 2024-12-01T00:35:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia. 6ggk1ysyi276bvqw8ygk4ytaa9ou440 549223 549222 2024-12-01T00:36:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994. 0gtqzqht5j58zgwwrtvmrcqahdyrdyo 549224 549223 2024-12-01T00:36:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref> hgasbmgnw2586hxordyu93jfeqag3jp 549225 549224 2024-12-01T00:37:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara. iabio2ez95o7aqo764d4tx9fx4879gc 549226 549225 2024-12-01T00:38:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi. mxt7i7vm4jzaogu29patdpmu3pimeor 549227 549226 2024-12-01T00:39:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> 7yp4rvffh97gu9ptc46g744j72zhoit 549228 549227 2024-12-01T00:41:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== sekgqtfd2n8sohx92fnsmtlnz1yfx1g 549229 549228 2024-12-01T00:42:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' 3wgzspr2vqbk57xxnjucax4r4ukw4c4 549230 549229 2024-12-01T00:43:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%. ccmnxpxuhoig0avlgncpzz1fpwli5pt 549231 549230 2024-12-01T00:44:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> quk12fb56282bj01b34c2elh6093zbl 549232 549231 2024-12-01T00:45:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' j8jxkspkaedisgmo6mccjsor7r0lyx9 549233 549232 2024-12-01T00:46:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC. i157fyaej803zoewos1hukfvuacoo5o 549234 549233 2024-12-01T00:46:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref> 705l4hl1ixmzyyisy05d42d98a48elh 549235 549234 2024-12-01T00:47:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin. prx6b4l8s9nnelxkk32z7dwpnmo61cx 549236 549235 2024-12-01T00:47:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref> g39z21rk5yyq1b2atmsoma6kv2yhaue 549237 549236 2024-12-01T00:48:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa. b7vh52879sx15o3is4anhnubo6dgfyx 549238 549237 2024-12-01T00:48:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> 9xdyqyt4ia04gcbsryr7o7kljsu2nbb 549239 549238 2024-12-01T00:49:25Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation. 06ecvwgb0hhd7fyjs14n49g408sgofe 549240 549239 2024-12-01T00:49:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015. klte6k4uwuvbdnum668d5kkth9yyvms 549241 549240 2024-12-01T00:50:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba. 10h6r11yglzn0grmklkph3x49e2unym 549242 549241 2024-12-01T00:50:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref> 0arx4p5584iafxd0cvjedjl6m8odfx7 549243 549242 2024-12-01T00:51:22Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar. jml0e4f1efqy5eeqfioh8t07lnahz1e 549244 549243 2024-12-01T00:51:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref> eglcux92nz8dcvxl9ck4g194olaizuw 549245 549244 2024-12-01T00:52:23Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma. bcw6p5we04h4hrgbxcblg3vldl49kwu 549246 549245 2024-12-01T00:52:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref> desjtnuinbiqehzmssnqy83iv2qowuk 549247 549246 2024-12-01T00:53:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight. 1zf4fbiqp8scsvxiis20yuy168i7yel 549248 549247 2024-12-01T00:54:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson. 5rl4kq1rw5yj9prhdpceoml68l6v0bb 549249 549248 2024-12-01T00:54:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> sptl52p2dkafzm61pfvht3w494grlhe 549250 549249 2024-12-01T00:55:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' 4r2pt0jetvgr3o4v3x927br7uul7ufx 549251 549250 2024-12-01T00:55:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara. rofjfkwpykbbysyxbr4yvlezrapq570 549252 549251 2024-12-01T00:56:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka." miq0t8450xfmtujz2m6maoenkp9xz6p 549253 549252 2024-12-01T00:56:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref> tu1vf26ofi2gg8figk5fs5bi2qvf7zy 549254 549253 2024-12-01T00:57:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa. lrkbkexowqrluckrax4dm3geis8vwsi 549255 549254 2024-12-01T00:58:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11. gdlg874ynf0dyyh8xezk0q5l4pi6gi3 549256 549255 2024-12-01T00:58:58Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref> b87jeedx4aow427difac3yk0geql7b1 549257 549256 2024-12-01T00:59:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma." mvhe61z0zfzg9u85rbp61kgbwr24vp5 549258 549257 2024-12-01T01:00:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref> bj9mc1dn6hjnipt4xgmoe8ye50f4xb9 549259 549258 2024-12-01T01:01:02Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa. crftc3keauwwq5sd9xx3hvsonpvr4bt 549260 549259 2024-12-01T01:01:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> 01rll29wvgio18u5h27hd1m37t4arho 549261 549260 2024-12-01T01:02:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata. c1bo819fzc552qt0y1sj93w5rlbhb8h 549262 549261 2024-12-01T01:02:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata. hnun2qx3wfbfttpatg1ljm6mk224bvi 549263 549262 2024-12-01T01:04:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire." 9d2chos2b4lxqll4p4fn00nfwzvupbv 549264 549263 2024-12-01T01:05:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> f5wvgsbshy36q6yqvoyv9610l3z3b9j 549265 549264 2024-12-01T01:06:57Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== hrletq8itbqltjmyjtezs1lf8cjzvgw 549266 549265 2024-12-01T01:07:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston. fvx6r2pgtapowdl6r65advxczhov474 549267 549266 2024-12-01T01:08:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref> 8drcunq89a59nxibcscxbu688fio09u 549268 549267 2024-12-01T01:09:34Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa. 8mndtyutcpdls3d1dts5d6ut5wond9d 549269 549268 2024-12-01T01:10:22Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref> cju05oxjvts0grocve5mptec124w2iv 549270 549269 2024-12-01T01:11:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links. s7tf05ztl0dirb1rnvcdo89vk8zdluz 549271 549270 2024-12-01T01:12:10Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> 5x6n3n5wuvka79ey1odbenqo1gh7is6 549272 549271 2024-12-01T01:12:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' 1wzn1245tf6huk6gr7bufyvyxrjuwx3 549273 549272 2024-12-01T01:13:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012. 067gspuwmj5ty2z0epulwnvjqf2ja1z 549274 549273 2024-12-01T01:13:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> h7753n1l799yp7fnqe9w6pozieey804 549275 549274 2024-12-01T01:14:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74. 797n8n6p4m1wnis2klz6luwbseel1xu 549276 549275 2024-12-01T01:15:25Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> a4o732gmsr1fd1udbapganavdkgvu4t 549277 549276 2024-12-01T01:16:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal. 24ukxwqr4a9ma0gppofcut14978ccwt 549278 549277 2024-12-01T01:16:59Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin. 9yk2wp0ix6qm1160jiitergnch0kt5w 549279 549278 2024-12-01T01:17:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> k2subkrbnehpjtaqli6qr6cbfwxro6m 549280 549279 2024-12-01T01:18:09Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> ==Kyaututtuka da karramawa== 5peq41soiunlnegew1ysbkwn2bw8lsc 549281 549280 2024-12-01T01:18:58Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> ==Kyaututtuka da karramawa== *Hilal-i-Pakistan (Crescent na Pakistan) lambar yabo (kyauta mafi girma na Pakistan) daga Shugaban Pakistan a cikin 2020, tare da sanin ayyukanta ga Pakistan. hn8ee0tma5ott6kpiycpcke6940ogqo 549282 549281 2024-12-01T01:19:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> ==Kyaututtuka da karramawa== *Hilal-i-Pakistan (Crescent na Pakistan) lambar yabo (kyauta mafi girma na Pakistan) daga Shugaban Pakistan a cikin 2020, tare da sanin ayyukanta ga Pakistan.<ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/1499419</ref> kodix1ooez9biohfmuis1lywj1ajuw8 549283 549282 2024-12-01T01:20:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> ==Kyaututtuka da karramawa== *Hilal-i-Pakistan (Crescent na Pakistan) lambar yabo (kyauta mafi girma na Pakistan) daga Shugaban Pakistan a cikin 2020, tare da sanin ayyukanta ga Pakistan.<ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/1499419</ref> ==Tarihin zabe== cl5n7zlht5h92avige68vriaon1nlnc 549285 549283 2024-12-01T01:32:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 549285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sheila Jackson Lee''' (yar uwarta Jackson; Janairu 12, 1950 - Yuli 19, 2024) lauya ce kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Amurka wacce ita ce wakiliyar Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta Texas ta 18, daga 1995 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2024.Gundumar ta ƙunshi yawancin tsakiyar Houston.Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Birnin Houston kafin a zabe ta a Majalisar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban tawagar majalisar Texas. An haife shi a Queens, New York, Jackson Lee ya sami guraben karatu ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata a Jami'ar New York kafin ya koma digiri na biyu tare da Bachelor of Arts a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Likitan Juris daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/20/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-dies-aged-74-family-says</ref> A cikin 1987, bayan ta koma Houston, Kathy Whitmire ta nada ta a matsayin alkali na birni.A cikin 1989, an zaɓi Jackson Lee a Majalisar Birnin Houston.Ta yi aiki a ofishin har zuwa 1994 lokacin da ta fara yakin neman kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.A zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, ta doke Craig Washington mai ci kuma ta ci gaba da lashe babban zaben cikin sauki. A lokacin zamanta na majalisa, Jackson Lee ya goyi bayan manufofin ci gaba kamar sarrafa bindiga da Medicare ga Duk.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/03/27/progressive-firebrand-rep-sheila-jackson-lee-running-for-houston-mayor/?sh=685423bd3fc5</ref>Ta gabatar da dokar tantance ma'aikatan sufuri mai mahimmanci a cikin 2013 da dokar lasisin lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm a 2021.A 2019, Jackson Lee ya sauka a matsayin shugaban gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation da kuma wani karamin kwamiti a cikin Majalisar Shari'a bayan shigar da karar. da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciya ta yi ikirarin cewa an kore ta ne saboda shirin daukar matakin shari’a kan zargin fyade da a mai kulawa.Jackson Lee ta sanar da takararta na zaben magajin garin Houston na shekarar 2023 a watan Maris na waccan shekarar.A zagayen farko, ta sanya na biyu a bayan dan majalisar dattawan jihar John Whitmire.Duk da haka, yayin da babu wani dan takara da ya tsallake matakin kashi 50 cikin 100 don yin nasara kai tsaye, an gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2023.Duk da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka amince da su, Jackson Lee ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Whitmire. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, ta shigar da kara don sake tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta kuma lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2024.A watan Yulin 2024, ta mutu a ofis bayan da aka gano tana da ciwon daji na pancreatic.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4808736-greg-abbott-sheila-jackson-lee-texas-special-election-november/</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki a Texas== An haifi Sheila Jackson a gundumar New York na Queens a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1950.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-texas-dies/index.html</ref>Mahaifinta, Ezra Clyde Jackson, wanda aka haife shi a Brooklyn, ɗan littafin ban dariya ne kuma ɗan baƙi na Jamaica.<ref>Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN 9781684055869. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</ref>Jackson ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Jamaica a Queens.Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Yale a 1972 da Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a 1975.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100925220614/http://www.jacksonlee.house.gov/Biography/</ref>Ta koma Houston a 1987 lokacin da mijinta, Elwyn Lee, ya karɓi matsayi a Jami'ar Houston.Ta sami aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Leon Jaworski. Ta yi yunƙuri uku da ba su yi nasara ba a alkalan gida kafin ta zama alkali na gundumar Houston, matsayin da ta rike daga 1987 zuwa 1990.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>Kathy Whitmire, magajin garin Houston, ta nada Jackson Lee a matsayin, tare da Sylvia Garcia.A cikin 1989, Jackson Lee ya sami babban matsayi don zama a Majalisar Birnin Houston, yana aiki har zuwa 1994.<ref>Feldman, Claudia (February 19, 1995). "Sheila Jackson Lee Goes to Washington". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.</ref>A majalisar birnin, ta taimaka wajen zartar da dokar tsaro da ta bukaci iyaye su kiyaye bindigoginsu daga yara.Ta kuma yi aiki don faɗaɗa sa'o'in bazara a wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyi.<ref>"For Congress, Dist. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.</ref> ==Majalisar Wakilan Amurka== '''A 1994 ya yi takara''' A cikin 1994, Jackson Lee ya kalubalanci Wakilin Amurka mai ci Craig Washington na wa'adi hudu a zaben fidda gwani na Democrat. Washington ta sha suka saboda adawa da ayyuka da yawa da za su amfana da yankin Houston. Jackson Lee ya doke Washington, 63% zuwa 37%. Nasarar ta kasance daidai da zaben da aka yi a wannan gunduma mai yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat. A babban zaben, ta doke dan takarar Republican Jerry Burley, 73% -24%.<ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29125</ref> '''Lokaci''' Kafin taron na 110th, Jackson Lee ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kimiyya na House da kuma a kan Kwamitin da ke kula da manufofin sararin samaniya da NASA. Ta kasance memba na Congressional Black Caucus da bulala na CBC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110809034734/http://www.houstonpress.com/1997-02-20/news/what-s-driving-miss-shelia/Sheila/</ref>A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2013, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da Dokar Ƙididdigar Shaida ta Ma'aikacin Sufuri (H.R. 3202; Majalisa ta 113), lissafin da zai jagoranci Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka don tantance ingancin Taimakon Shaida na Ma'aikatan Sufuri (TWIC) shirin.<ref>http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45526</ref>Kudirin zai bukaci tantance mai zaman kansa na yadda shirin TWIC ke inganta tsaro da rage kasada a wurare da jiragen ruwa da yake da alhakinsa.<ref>https://archive.today/20140805093859/http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=22235</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Jackson Lee ya yi niyyar yin murabus a matsayin shugaban Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation.Matakin ya biyo bayan karar da wata tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar ta shigar a farkon watan Janairu, inda ta ce an kori ma’aikaciyar ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan matakin shari’a da ta ke shirin yi dangane da zargin fyade da wani mai kula da shi ya yi a shekarar 2015.Murabus din ya zo ne kwana guda bayan da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙarshen Cin Hanci da Jima'i ta sanar da cewa ba za ta goyi bayan sanya Jackson Lee a matsayin jagoran jagorancin wata doka don sake ba da izini ga dokar cin zarafin mata ta tarayya ba.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-to-step-down-as-congressional-black-caucus-foundation-chairwoman-in-wake-of-ex-staffers-lawsuit-report</ref>Ta kuma sauka daga shugabancinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/sheila-jackson-lee-cbc-chairwoman.html</ref>A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2021, Jackson Lee ya gabatar da dokar ba da lasisi da rajista na Sabika Sheikh Firearm (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), lissafin da ya faɗaɗa buƙatun lasisin bindiga ga kowane bindiga kuma ya haramta duk wani harsashi na .50 caliber BMG ko mafi girma.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/127/text</ref>A cikin Majalisa ta 117 (2021–2023), Jackson Lee ya kada kuri'a tare da bayyana matsayin shugaban Amurka Joe Biden kashi 100 na lokacin, a cewar wani bincike na FiveThirtyEight.Jackson Lee da Wakili Lloyd Doggett sun zama shugabanni na tawagar majalisar Texas a cikin Janairu 2023 bayan ritayar Eddie Bernice Johnson.<ref>https://www.statesman.com/story/news/state/2024/07/19/democratic-congresswoman-sheila-jackson-lee-of-houston-has-died/74479818007/</ref> '''Matsalolin ma'aikata''' A cikin 1998, The Houston Press ta ruwaito cewa biyar daga cikin ma'aikatan Jackson Lee sun bar aikin bazara.Jaridar ta ruwaito tsohuwar mataimakiyar babban jami'inta na ofishin Capitol kuma mai tsara abubuwan da suka faru, Rhiannon Burruss, tana cewa "hanyoyin da'a na 'yar majalisa ba kawai ya kori ma'aikatan ba amma ya harzuka ma'aikatan kamfanin na Continental Airlines har ta kai ga wani ya ba da shawarar ta tashi a kan wata gasa a maimakon haka."<ref>Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". Washington Examiner.</ref>A cikin 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa Jackson Lee yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin yawan ma'aikata a Majalisa.Huffington Post da Houston Chronicle sun ruwaito cewa ta shiga cikin shugabannin ma'aikata 11 a cikin shekaru 11.<ref>http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/Jackson-Lee-and-Cuellar-see-heavy-turnover-in-1431222.php</ref>Wani rahoto na 2013 ya kammala da cewa "dan takarar Texas Democrat yana da mafi girman yawan kuɗin da aka samu ga duk Majalisa a cikin shekaru goma."<ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/22/who-are-the-best-and-worst-bosses-on-capitol-hill/</ref>Mujallar Washingtonian ta kira Jackson Lee a matsayin "meanest Democratic Congress memba" a cikin 2014 da 2017. A cikin 2018, LegiStorm ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan kuɗin da Jackson Lee ya samu a shekara, a 62%, shine mafi girma a Majalisa.<ref>Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> A cikin 2023, yayin tafiyar magajin garin Houston, wani faifan sauti da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ya fito na Jackson Lee yana zagin ma'aikatanta da lalata.Rikodin ya kasance kusan minti daya da rabi tsawonsa, inda ake zargin Jackson Lee ta gaya wa ma'aikaciyar cewa tana son ya sami "kwakwalwa" kuma "babu wanda ya san wani abu na Goddamn a ofishina - ba komai." Sannan ta bayyana wani ma’aikaci na daban a matsayin “wawa mai kiba” da cewa su biyun ‘yan iska ne kuma su ‘ya’ya ne masu girman kai guda biyu, ‘yan iskan banza wadanda ba su da wata manufa ta Allah. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na magajin gari ya ƙi tabbatar da sahihancin faifan bidiyon tare da zargin cewa "waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne daga shafukan yanar gizo masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan John Whitmire."Kamfen na Whitmire ya bayyana cewa ba su da hannu da nadin. Jackson Lee ya mayar da martani ga sakin faifan da ya ce, "Na yi nadama kuma ina fata za ku hukunta ni ba da wani abu da abokin adawar siyasa ya yi watsi da shi ba ... amma daga abin da na isar wa 'yan Houston tsawon shekarun da na yi aikin gwamnati." kuma ya ce "kowa ya cancanci a girmama shi da mutunci, kuma hakan ya hada da ma'aikatana."<ref>https://apnews.com/article/election-houston-mayor-jackson-lee-recording-21a6c108d82cf1cb72999bd0e0295145</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A cikin 1973, Jackson Lee ya auri Elwyn Lee, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban al'amuran ɗalibai a Jami'ar Houston.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDIR-2020-07-22/html/CDIR-2020-07-22-TX-H-18.htm</ref>Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da 'yarta Erica Lee Carter wanda ya maye gurbinta a Majalisa.<ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc224-3-17.pdf</ref>Jackson Lee ɗan Adventist ne na kwana bakwai. Ta kasance memba na Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority da kungiyar The Links.<ref>Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN 978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC 877899803. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</ref> '''Rashin lafiya da mutuwa''' A baya Jackson Lee yana da cutar kansar nono, amma an ayyana shi ba shi da kansa a cikin 2012.<ref>https://www.texastribune.org/2024/06/02/sheila-jackson-lee-cancer/</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2024, Jackson Lee ta sanar da cewa ta kamu da ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma tana jinya. Ta rasu a wani asibiti a Houston a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 74.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/07/19/sheila-jackson-lee-congresswoman-dead/</ref> Shugaba Joe Biden ya isa Houston a ranar Litinin, 29 ga Yuli, 2024 don girmama Jackson Lee. Yayin hidimar jana'izar Jackson Lee a Cocin Fallbrook na Houston a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ya ba da yabo. Wadanda suka gabatar da jawabai sun hada da Bill Clinton, matarsa da tsohuwar sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton, da kuma shugaban marasa rinjaye na majalisar dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries, da shugaban majalisar bakar fata ta majalisar Steven Horsford da shugabar jam'iyyar Progressive Caucus Pramila Jayapal.Sauran jawaban da suka gabatar sun hada da Ambasada Audrey Marks, tsohon shugaban Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Glenda Glover, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Amurka Randi Weingarten, tsohon magajin garin Houston Sylvester Turner, Alkalin gundumar Harris Lina Hidalgo, Reverend Al Sharpton da lauyan kare hakkin farar hula Benjamin Crump, tare da mai fafutuka Jesse. Jackson tare da su a kan mataki. Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Grammy Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Donnie McClurkin da Fasto Shirley Caesar ne suka gabatar da wasannin.<ref>https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/08/01/dignitaries-at-sheila-jackson-lees-funeral-include-glenda-glover-the-clintons-ben-crump-al-sharpton-kamala-harris/</ref> ==Kyaututtuka da karramawa== *Hilal-i-Pakistan (Crescent na Pakistan) lambar yabo (kyauta mafi girma na Pakistan) daga Shugaban Pakistan a cikin 2020, tare da sanin ayyukanta ga Pakistan.<ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/1499419</ref> ==MANAZARTA== 9v7u9pi7k0et2wmf92uf68oujsb8tac 0 88344 549145 2024-11-30T19:02:43Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1192074503|Filz]]" 549145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', wani nau'in karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Yana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin karamar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) d2nm97l0r4b3kubigad3ura992cy554 549146 549145 2024-11-30T19:03:11Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', wani nau'in karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Yana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin karamar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) 1p7fg2owfg5ftv083kdl941ppy7vjxs 549147 549146 2024-11-30T19:04:17Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin karamar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) er7jqmiudmyj8ouivl929ziunji6nin 549148 549147 2024-11-30T19:04:27Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin karamar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) 5kuxaa1e9puusw7boba4jof61uc0w6a 549149 549148 2024-11-30T19:04:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, da Kuma kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin karamar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) qjlz7yd1l37mjv88do8ojlf05pxmi3e 549150 549149 2024-11-30T19:05:18Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata ƙaramar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, da Kuma kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin ƙaramar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) 1413uqug7blbd4jv8bwqkxq60wswps7 549151 549150 2024-11-30T19:05:45Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata ƙaramar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, da Kuma kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin ƙaramar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ta kasance a Ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ta kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) bhvyn41cl7ix7i5z10jmfuz5auz8p0e 549152 549151 2024-11-30T19:06:07Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata ƙaramar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, da Kuma kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin ƙaramar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ta kasance a Ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ta kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta ƙunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, waɗanda aka zaba ta hanyar ƙuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaɓen birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) 9m8k2kakmrb4kjkztf0g6b6lk8r67uw 549153 549152 2024-11-30T19:06:44Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filz''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata ƙaramar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Ulmen, wanda wurin zama yake a cikin garin mai suna Filz. == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana cikin Kudancin Eifel, da Kuma kudancin Ulmen da gabashin Daun. == Tarihi == Mai mulkin ƙaramar hukumar a Zamanin Tsakiya shine Electorate na Trier . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Filz ta kasance a Ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A shekara ta 1815 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lardin Rhine na wannan masarautar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ta kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta ƙunshi mambobi 6 na majalisa, waɗanda aka zaba ta hanyar ƙuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaɓen birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Filz shine Helmut Römer . === Alamar makamai === .Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari kamar haka: Tierced a cikin mantle, dexter azure takobi mai laushi, pommel zuwa shugaban, argent, sinister gules ma'aikatan bishop mai laushi da kuma dexter motar da ke da baki bakwai Ko, kuma a tushe Ko kunnen alkama mai laushi biyu. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Waɗannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Catherine da Saint Nicholas (cocin reshe; Filialkirche St. Katharina und Nikolaus), Hauptstraße 25 - cocin da ba shi da hanya, game da 1730 * Ringstraße 14: gine-ginen gida; gini tare da rufin rabin, daga 1849 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3799252/j3buo1/index.html Takaitaccen hoto na Filz tare da fim] a SWR Fernsehen (a cikin Jamusanci) k1od3kvo51ag5x16fwi2jsd17r4yapv 0 88345 549154 2024-11-30T19:06:47Z Elsanbashh 21577 Kirkira sabuwar mukala 549154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashley Suzanne Johnson ''' (haihuwa: 9 ga Agusta 1983) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. ==Tarihin rayuwa== An haifi Ashley Suzanne Johnson a Camarillo dake jahar California a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1983.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Johnson#cite_note-behindthevoice-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Johnson#cite_note-Yahoo-2</ref> ==Manazarta== qkas6htt51pmti9vkxqklh05zzvaivo 0 88346 549155 2024-11-30T19:10:46Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1238367101|Brieden]]" 549155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', wani nau'in karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Yana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) 2vrjdmues5zo9miwsb67jgamtjgegm0 549156 549155 2024-11-30T19:11:10Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{databox}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', wani nau'in karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Yana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) cfkqwlf39hvrazfetyt73psvsns7qia 549157 549156 2024-11-30T19:12:04Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{databox}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) rs14ttyt0g7ac3oar6fdgg66pf1r8cn 549158 549157 2024-11-30T19:13:05Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{databox}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin shekarar 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin shekarar 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta kunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) ahku0cgrzu92f2807eczp2ukj2hzqhf 549161 549158 2024-11-30T19:14:13Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{databox}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin shekarar 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin shekarar 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta ƙunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) 6sk7kcsqyv354tvpkqmvci7xhwqhewj 549162 549161 2024-11-30T19:14:43Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 549162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{databox}} '''Brieden''' wani ''Ortsgemeinde'' ne - wata karamar hukuma ce ta ''Verbandsgemeinde'', karamar hukuka - a cikin gundumar Cochem-Zell a Rhineland-Palatinate, [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin <nowiki><i id="mwdw">Verbandsgemeinde</i></nowiki> na Kaisersesch . == Yanayin ƙasa == Garin yana kusa da gefen Eifel, a arewacin kogin Moselle. == Tarihi == A cikin shekarar 1231, Brieden ya sami ambaton rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma a wannan lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Electoral-Trier. Tsakanin 1698 da 1701, Abbot na Himmerod, Robert Bootz ne ya gina ɗakin sujada na gida, wanda aka keɓe wa Saint Joseph. Ya kasance a matsayin cocin reshe na Ikklisiya na Pommern . Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Brieden ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin shekarar 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta ƙunshi mambobi 12 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Brieden shine Erwin Thönnes . === Alamar makamai === Rubutun Jamusanci ya karanta: ''Schräggeviert von Silber und Grün. '' . ''Im ersten Feld eine schwarze Säge, imumise Feld pfahlweise zwei goldene Rosen, a cikin Feld 3 pfahl__hau____hau____hau__ zweiinandergeschlungene silberne Ringe und a cikin Feld 4 eine grüne Urne.'' Ana iya bayyana [[Coat of arms|makamai]] na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Per saltire in chief argent a saw fesswise sable, dexter vert biyu roses in pale Ko, sinister biyu annulets in pale, na sama da ya mamaye na ƙasa, na farko, kuma a cikin tushe argent wani kwalba na uku. Sanya shine halayyar Saint Joseph, don haka yana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin tun lokacin da aka gina ɗakin sujada na reshe a cikin shekara ta 1698. Ana nufin furanni don komawa ga Rosenthal Convent, wanda ya taɓa samun dukiya mai yawa a ƙauyen. Himmerod Abbey, ma, tun da wuri ya mallaki dukiya a Brieden, kuma ya zana zakka, don haka ya bayyana cajin da ya kunshi zobe biyu, wanda aka samo daga makaman Abbey. Urn wani abu ne na ainihi daga karni na 8 ko 9 wanda aka tono a 1959 a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Steinreich . == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == === Gine-gine === Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Joseph (''Kirche St. Joseph''), Hauptstraße 4 - cocin Baroque ba tare da wata hanya ba, 1698; gilashin gilashi, 1699. * Hauptstraße 24 - zane-zane na basalt, ƙarni na 18. * Hauptstraße 27 - gine-ginen gida; gida daga 1849, mai yiwuwa tsofaffi (karni na 16?), shekara ta 1704 da aka ɗauka a baya, ginin kasuwanci na katako, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk hadaddun. * Hauptstraße 40 - gidan gini na katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, ƙarshen karni na 19; duk wani hadaddun tare da lambu. * Hauptstraße / Kirchstraße - giciye na basalt daga 1723. * A gefen ƙauyen a kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, ginin da aka yi da gyare-gyare. * A kan ''Kreisstraße'' 30 yana zuwa Pommern - basalt wayside cross daga 1730 . == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Manazarta == * [http://www.brieden-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] (a cikin Jamusanci) 3mqsgxa4piivtvsko5vbhdp8nbgrrmt 0 88347 549159 2024-11-30T19:13:09Z Elsanbashh 21577 Kirkira sabuwar mukala 549159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Victoria Anderson''' (haihuwa: 28 ga Disamba 1988<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tori_Anderson#cite_note-distractify-1</ref>) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kanada. ==Manazarta== tc1s7bknxwmz41k9e2e8royrt56iy4u 549160 549159 2024-11-30T19:14:01Z Elsanbashh 21577 549160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Victoria Anderson''' (haihuwa: 27 ga Disamba 1988<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tori_Anderson#cite_note-distractify-1</ref>) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kanada. ==Manazarta== rgn6fwktc2hp1peiw6tw8b06bk65njw 3 88348 549190 2024-11-30T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549190 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, M.boli! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/M.boli|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) nkf1t9a97f03qb05l6o8xoyxmm8hgd5 3 88349 549191 2024-11-30T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549191 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gmss876! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gmss876|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) 611qjysjiyaxzxiomqlt6uqlq4wlmsk 3 88350 549192 2024-11-30T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549192 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aliyu A Haidar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aliyu A Haidar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) ouf88s2a1ezwxpnpvzsfvdnv3i6b3ry 3 88351 549193 2024-11-30T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549193 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tijjani Idris Abdullahi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tijjani Idris Abdullahi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) b7qddkfnmmtfr9w7jrc7ihlrxlcv2ae 3 88352 549194 2024-11-30T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549194 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mrshamsibk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mrshamsibk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) hmhzd9meogeorbnl9nkav73cy99i7m7 3 88353 549195 2024-11-30T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549195 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mr. Tamarize! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Tamarize|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) 3z9557z0fxcct19368zjtcu2j4vnwhe 3 88354 549196 2024-11-30T21:26:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549196 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tmnask! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tmnask|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) erukykxh6u0ra6wxszolre446ce7kof 3 88355 549197 2024-11-30T21:26:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549197 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Leefort! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Leefort|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) s9uzrl5vl6qguroukydifyv4yqtk289 3 88356 549198 2024-11-30T21:26:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549198 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Majiri23! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Majiri23|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) o7w0vlolwm0irn4mxn1pho21x6twy1v 3 88357 549199 2024-11-30T21:26:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549199 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hawoka! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hawoka|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) k28z17f3m2n49kv5uuhg0obnl0acrli 3 88358 549200 2024-11-30T21:26:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549200 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, আলাপ মনোনেশ দাস! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/আলাপ মনোনেশ দাস|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) 0hqgiu5z3tpdz0k0cgzqp4ar4npmwtr 3 88359 549201 2024-11-30T21:27:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549201 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Toyinenikuomehin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Toyinenikuomehin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) e2z6fph2a95p76rmuyqs53spwr4i5c9 3 88360 549202 2024-11-30T21:27:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549202 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shreyash1554! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shreyash1554|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) ge1cbej5rtqu74dtsgjprw861fvwreu 3 88361 549203 2024-11-30T21:27:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549203 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 360Bites! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/360Bites|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) k1w76uagtc1iphnmt4af6f9cz1lv2p2 3 88362 549204 2024-11-30T21:27:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549204 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, মফস্বলে মনোনেশ দাস! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/মফস্বলে মনোনেশ দাস|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) bghwzel1f419y1fag829nhuqmw49fna 3 88363 549205 2024-11-30T21:27:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549205 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, উইকিপিডিয়া মনোনেশ দাস! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/উইকিপিডিয়া মনোনেশ দাস|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) rner37rjhffa115appm1ladvvbly715 3 88364 549206 2024-11-30T21:27:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549206 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, মনোনেশ দাস সমর্থক! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/মনোনেশ দাস সমর্থক|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) rczmcz5mthtc02c0i05yquvuhr0fu31 3 88365 549207 2024-11-30T21:28:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549207 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chamblyen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chamblyen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) jsepmlx1x95rjt322ehmqkr7ggh1nk0 3 88366 549208 2024-11-30T21:28:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549208 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MICHIRO YAMANO! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MICHIRO YAMANO|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) lgsq0a165j1oomnfz5sp5adkl5a08l1 3 88367 549209 2024-11-30T21:28:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549209 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Henrykez! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Henrykez|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) j3subqraqw2xrc1y8aj5x31pkvk08xt 3 88368 549210 2024-11-30T21:28:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 549210 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kleon3! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kleon3|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 30 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) ns7exafpjw37fw0b4vkkp6oohqxkxwy 0 88369 549289 2024-12-01T06:50:49Z Abdultambura18 32142 Kirkirar mukala 549289 wikitext text/x-wiki Gerard Martín Langreo (an haife shi 26 ga Fabrairu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> 0sx357s6bdg2uhneyew2j3fuhz10gn2 549290 549289 2024-12-01T06:51:24Z Abdultambura18 32142 549290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga Fabrairu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> r3ldqz0xvoalix2gs6yaaa9myg9k6ww 549291 549290 2024-12-01T06:52:16Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga Fabrairu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == 8g7wtjyb7tjeyi5w9b0ee5e0uw3n3ix 549292 549291 2024-12-01T06:55:17Z Abdultambura18 32142 Gyara sashe 549292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga Fabrairu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> 11lnq709ahqkw2l156osh1vb38i42wi 549293 549292 2024-12-01T06:57:14Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga Fabrairu 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == hctbhb94aymvnyvizmif83543v02jqe 549294 549293 2024-12-01T07:01:48Z Saudarh2 14842 549294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == 5yhugy3504e3rb3mwanec91qjkfsn2w 549296 549294 2024-12-01T07:03:02Z Abdultambura18 32142 /* Sana'a */ 549296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaro".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref><references /> 9cgwoo2xubwgubq34e88hlafb6pnobq 549297 549296 2024-12-01T07:04:55Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaro".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref> == Salon Wasa == <references /> cm0r5rthfd7jpc5vi528x4c2vnvfzf9 549299 549297 2024-12-01T07:07:45Z Abdultambura18 32142 /* Salon Wasa */ 549299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaro".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref> == Salon Wasa == Martín galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsaron gida kuma an siffanta shi da “amintaccen abin dogaro wajen yin alama da kuma wasan iska”<ref>Gerard Martín, de marcar a Dembélé a aterrizar en can Barça". sport.es.</ref><references /> 2mv1zayq9hu5iu4738sp0mc5h60bl07 549307 549299 2024-12-01T07:16:08Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaro".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref> == Salon Wasa == Martín galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsaron gida kuma an siffanta shi da “amintaccen abin dogaro wajen yin alama da kuma wasan iska”<ref>Gerard Martín, de marcar a Dembélé a aterrizar en can Barça". sport.es.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> og6n7qf7adu1s1m850ox3t1iauw1i7l 0 88370 549311 2024-12-01T07:20:36Z Abdultambura18 32142 Kirkirar mukala 549311 wikitext text/x-wiki Ander Astralaga Aranguren (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref> qn5frrklkb4vsjuqix01gm1aec670ja 549313 549311 2024-12-01T07:21:10Z Abdultambura18 32142 549313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref> 0b6e32m4e8xbburot6mve575dbmurn1 549315 549313 2024-12-01T07:22:46Z Abdultambura18 32142 549315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> gaz6m2l5oxs8em5xu3umcplcpk694j8 549316 549315 2024-12-01T07:24:51Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == gdmyzjb31kskgsyeixeoclmao54xzuj 549317 549316 2024-12-01T07:26:06Z Abdultambura18 32142 /* Aikin Kungiya */ 549317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == Farkon aiki An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. jdqu1jj0yxirlagrb3zjmtdse3wsbwq 549318 549317 2024-12-01T07:26:33Z Abdultambura18 32142 549318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. 5wc1geh815k3ycg97v7m7xzjxbd9v9n 549319 549318 2024-12-01T07:29:09Z Abdultambura18 32142 Karin bayani 549319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. 0o5m3l3vsh81psrdq4m1i0eew6ctcy1 549320 549319 2024-12-01T07:31:12Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashr 549320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == j2vowmuuw5e2k3rbqv4203apkcgfa50 549321 549320 2024-12-01T07:32:07Z Abdultambura18 32142 /* Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa */ 549321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023[8] ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. 3j229sizs022i5xfyrhupyigjvbbvg9 549322 549321 2024-12-01T07:33:52Z Abdultambura18 32142 549322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023 <ref>UEFA.com. "Spain-Norway | UEFA Under-19 2023". UEFA.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. ci8z6ko49c0fndwvv9cov5p299q2sm0 549323 549322 2024-12-01T07:35:21Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023 <ref>UEFA.com. "Spain-Norway | UEFA Under-19 2023". UEFA.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. == Rayuwa ta sirri == tdgtv1oiwynuokh9jcbrwkakvttt5yw 549324 549323 2024-12-01T07:39:21Z Abdultambura18 32142 /* Rayuwa ta sirri */ 549324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023 <ref>UEFA.com. "Spain-Norway | UEFA Under-19 2023". UEFA.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ƙanwarsa Eunate (an haife ta a shekara ta 2005) ita ma 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce kuma mai tsaron gida wacce ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Femenino B da kuma ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma mai tsaron ragar.<ref>El futuro de la portería de La Roja pasa por Berango [The future of the Roja goal lies with Berango], El Correo, 7 November 2022 (in Spanish)</ref> 52w2c5ddkw32wof4wmgl6msqx4z3ugz 549326 549324 2024-12-01T07:39:51Z Abdultambura18 32142 Saka sashe 549326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023 <ref>UEFA.com. "Spain-Norway | UEFA Under-19 2023". UEFA.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ƙanwarsa Eunate (an haife ta a shekara ta 2005) ita ma 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce kuma mai tsaron gida wacce ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Femenino B da kuma ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma mai tsaron ragar.<ref>El futuro de la portería de La Roja pasa por Berango [The future of the Roja goal lies with Berango], El Correo, 7 November 2022 (in Spanish)</ref> == Manazarta == 3yq0lnauytkv3m8w8t4a4dp70m534xi 549328 549326 2024-12-01T07:41:24Z Abdultambura18 32142 549328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ander Astralaga Aranguren''' (an haife shi 3 Maris 2004) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"¿Quién es Ander Astralaga?". sport.es.</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, el portero vasco del Juvenil que llama a la puerta de </ref><ref>"Quien es Ander Astralaga y qué planes tiene Xavi con el en Barcelona". elfutbolero.es</ref><ref>"Ander Astralaga, de Lezama a debutar con el Barça B y entrenar con Xavi". eldesmarque.com</ref><ref><nowiki>https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-ascenso-de-ander-astralaga/</nowiki></ref><ref>"Onterview with Ander Astralaga". mundodeportivo.com</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == '''Farkon aiki''' An haife shi a Berango, Biscay, Basque Country, Astralaga ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob na Karabigane. A cikin shekarar 2014, sannan ya koma makarantar matasa ta Athletic Bilbao. A lokacin rani na 2018 Astralaga ya zo La Masia kuma ya shiga kungiyar U16. A can ya ci gaba da girma kuma, ta tsarin matasan kungiyar, ya buga wasansa na farko ga Barça Atlètic da Betis Deportivo a ranar 27 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2023 <ref>The FC Barcelona squad for the trip to Girona". www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> Astralaga an saka shi a karon farko cikin tawagar ranar wasa da Girona FC. A watan Afrilun 2023 ya cimma yarjejeniya da FC Barcelona na tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa watan Yuni 2025. A wasan karshe na 2023, a ranar 22 ga Disamba a Dallas, ya fara buga babbar kungiyarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin wasan sada zumunci da Club America. == Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa == Ander Astralaga ya wakilci Spain a matakin matasa na duniya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021 ya fara wasansa na farko don Spain U18 da Romania U18. Ya buga wasanni guda shida, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa kungiyar U19. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 Astralaga ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar U19 da Isra'ila U19 a wasan sada zumunci, wanda aka tashi 0-0. A wasansa na uku na kungiyar U19 a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2023 <ref>UEFA.com. "Spain-Norway | UEFA Under-19 2023". UEFA.com. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> ya buga da Norway U19 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta U19, wanda aka tashi 0-0. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ƙanwarsa Eunate (an haife ta a shekara ta 2005) ita ma 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce kuma mai tsaron gida wacce ke buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Femenino B da kuma ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma mai tsaron ragar.<ref>El futuro de la portería de La Roja pasa por Berango [The future of the Roja goal lies with Berango], El Correo, 7 November 2022 (in Spanish)</ref> == Manazarta == a0dn0kcgto0370xqix6qtpljpmyrf7d 0 88371 549325 2024-12-01T07:39:41Z BnHamid 12586 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1238620751|Jowhor Ile]]" 549325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.'' A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya. <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine'' . Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa. Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lsgr2z1ro2idpe46ozltstb5y2hc9ib 549327 549325 2024-12-01T07:40:24Z BnHamid 12586 549327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.'' A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya. <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine'' . Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa. Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ofgwxxuhadyiv5doqfg7qxoxson1h08 549329 549327 2024-12-01T07:42:22Z BnHamid 12586 Added external links and category 549329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.'' A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya. <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine'' . Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa. Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://www.jowhor.com/ Official website] * [https://lithub.com/jowhor-ile-on-how-literature-shapes-our-lives/ "Jowhor Ile on How Literature Shapes Our Lives"], [[Lit Hub]], 20 July 2020. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ile, Jowhor}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category: Marubuci]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kd33pkb9r9d38xd9jmknoau7a3xe90b 549331 549329 2024-12-01T07:43:47Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 549331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/03/books/review/and-after-many-days-by-jowhor-ile.html|title = 'And After Many Days,' by Jowhor Ile|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = April 2016|last1 = Obioma|first1 = Chigozie|author-link=Chigozie Obioma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2017/08/31/premier-roman-nigerians-plonges-dans-le-noir_5178880_3260.html|title=Premier roman. Nigérians plongés dans le noir|website=Le Monde.fr|date=31 August 2017|language=fr|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/and-after-many-days-jowhor-iles-resonating-family-testament/|title=And after many days… Jowhor Ile's resonating family testament|first=Anote |last=Ajeluorou|newspaper=The Guardian|location=Nigeria|date=12 February 2017|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya. <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine'' . Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa. Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://www.jowhor.com/ Official website] * [https://lithub.com/jowhor-ile-on-how-literature-shapes-our-lives/ "Jowhor Ile on How Literature Shapes Our Lives"], [[Lit Hub]], 20 July 2020. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ile, Jowhor}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category: Marubuci]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 42phak9t58u2hd2gs5hbruqk6bplad7 549332 549331 2024-12-01T07:45:45Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 549332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/03/books/review/and-after-many-days-by-jowhor-ile.html|title = 'And After Many Days,' by Jowhor Ile|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = April 2016|last1 = Obioma|first1 = Chigozie|author-link=Chigozie Obioma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2017/08/31/premier-roman-nigerians-plonges-dans-le-noir_5178880_3260.html|title=Premier roman. Nigérians plongés dans le noir|website=Le Monde.fr|date=31 August 2017|language=fr|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/and-after-many-days-jowhor-iles-resonating-family-testament/|title=And after many days… Jowhor Ile's resonating family testament|first=Anote |last=Ajeluorou|newspaper=The Guardian|location=Nigeria|date=12 February 2017|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya.<ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine''. Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://opencountrymag.com/jowhor-ile-adachioma-ezeano-win-o-henry-prizes-2021/|title=Jowhor Ile & Adachioma Ezeano Win O. Henry Prizes 2021|magazine=Open Country Mag|first=Ernest |last=Ogunyemi|date=23 April 2021|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://www.jowhor.com/ Official website] * [https://lithub.com/jowhor-ile-on-how-literature-shapes-our-lives/ "Jowhor Ile on How Literature Shapes Our Lives"], [[Lit Hub]], 20 July 2020. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ile, Jowhor}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category: Marubuci]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5svjyrxgrp6qcabyje5qwdlet4pezmc 549333 549332 2024-12-01T07:46:12Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 549333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jowhor Ile''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jowhor Ile |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/303429/jowhor-ile/ |website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> marubuci kuma ɗan Najeriya ne wanda aka sani da littafinsa na farko, mai suna: ''And After Many Days.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/03/books/review/and-after-many-days-by-jowhor-ile.html|title = 'And After Many Days,' by Jowhor Ile|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = April 2016|last1 = Obioma|first1 = Chigozie|author-link=Chigozie Obioma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2017/08/31/premier-roman-nigerians-plonges-dans-le-noir_5178880_3260.html|title=Premier roman. Nigérians plongés dans le noir|website=Le Monde.fr|date=31 August 2017|language=fr|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/and-after-many-days-jowhor-iles-resonating-family-testament/|title=And after many days… Jowhor Ile's resonating family testament|first=Anote |last=Ajeluorou|newspaper=The Guardian|location=Nigeria|date=12 February 2017|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an ba wa wannan littafin lambar yabo ta Etisalat don adabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jowhor Ile is the First Nigerian to Win the Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/05/photos-jowhor-iles-days-nigerian-win-etisalat-prize-literature/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> <ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== Ile ya girma a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], Najeriya.<ref name="THISDAY">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ |website=THISDAY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/22/nigerian-writer-jowhor-ile-is-2016-etisalat-prize-for-literature-winner/ "Nigerian Writer, Jowhor Ile, is 2016 Etisalat Prize for Literature Winner"]. ''THISDAY''. 22 May 2017.</cite></ref> [[Gajeren labari|Wani Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa]] ya bayyana a cikin ''Sewanee Review'', ''McSweeney's Quarterly'' da ''Litro Magazine''. Ya sami MFA a Jami'ar Boston, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar West Virginia, yana zaune a Najeriya da Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2020 |title=2020 Ako Caine Prize Shortlist {{!}} A Dialogue With Jowhor Ile |url=https://africaindialogue.com/2020/07/25/ako-caine-prize-shortlist-a-dialogue-with-jowhor-ile/ |website=Africa In dialogue}}</ref> Gajeren kirkirarren labarinsa "Stewman Fisherman", wanda aka buga a cikin ''The Sewanee Review'' (2019), an zaba shi don Kyautar Caine na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Caine Prize 2020: Review of Jowhor Ile's 'Fisherman’s Stew' |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/07/21/review-of-jowhor-iles-fishermans-stew/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> ya lashe kyautar 2021 O. Henry kuma an jera shi cikin ''Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai Anthology 2021'', baƙuwa [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ce tayi gyaran littafin gami da gabatarwa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://opencountrymag.com/jowhor-ile-adachioma-ezeano-win-o-henry-prizes-2021/|title=Jowhor Ile & Adachioma Ezeano Win O. Henry Prizes 2021|magazine=Open Country Mag|first=Ernest |last=Ogunyemi|date=23 April 2021|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> Ile ya karantar a Sashen Turanci da Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar Aberystwyth a Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jowhor Ile {{!}} Lecturer in Creative Writing - Fiction |url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/english/staff-profiles/listing/profile/joi7/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Aberyswyth University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://www.jowhor.com/ Official website] * [https://lithub.com/jowhor-ile-on-how-literature-shapes-our-lives/ "Jowhor Ile on How Literature Shapes Our Lives"], [[Lit Hub]], 20 July 2020. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ile, Jowhor}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category: Marubuci]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bf3duagcgf2fk28900g012cbeaeaz9h 0 88372 549334 2024-12-01T07:49:42Z BnHamid 12586 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1106138306|Helen Ofurum]]" 549334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helen Ofurum''' yar Najeriya ce marubuciyar littattafan adabin Turanci na yara. An jera sunanta a cikin mawallafa na [[Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Ofurum, Helen - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-2401 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-514656-1}}</ref> == Ayyuka == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 29qzxhhzagbb7fhv4rdxou4f8crvaxx 549335 549334 2024-12-01T07:50:49Z BnHamid 12586 +databox 549335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Ofurum''' yar Najeriya ce marubuciyar littattafan adabin Turanci na yara. An jera sunanta a cikin mawallafa na [[Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Ofurum, Helen - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-2401 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-514656-1}}</ref> == Ayyuka == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] i5zda7yvhccf1jd3kxhxxz341rxjpam 549336 549335 2024-12-01T07:51:35Z BnHamid 12586 Ingantawa 549336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Ofurum''' yar Najeriya ce marubuciyar littattafan adabin Turanci na yara. An jera sunanta a cikin mawallafa na [[Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Ofurum, Helen - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-2401 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-514656-1}}</ref> == Ayyuka == *Iheoma Comes To Stay (1982)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5IgAAAACAAJ&q=Iheoma,+Comes+to+stay|title=Iheoma Comes to Stay|last=Ofurum|first=Helen|date=1 January 1982|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9789781327131|language=en}}</ref> * A Welcome for Chijioke (1983)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3ORAQAACAAJ&q=Welcome+for+Chijioke|title=Politische Correspondenz Friedrich's des Grossen|last=Prussia)|first=Frederick II (King of|publisher=A. Duncker|isbn=9783428147397|language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 04tm2rux4w398jz5c35bknjmevdgmik 549338 549336 2024-12-01T07:52:45Z BnHamid 12586 Added external links and category 549338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Ofurum''' yar Najeriya ce marubuciyar littattafan adabin Turanci na yara.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuTyAAAAMAAJ&q=Helen+Ofurum|title=Nigerian Children's Literature in English|last=Fayose|first=Philomena Osazee Esigbemi|date=1 January 1995|publisher=AENL Educational Publishers|isbn=9789782526243|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbcyAAAAIAAJ&q=Helen+Ofurum|title=Nigerian Female Writers: A Critical Perspective|last1=Otokunefor|first1=Henrietta C.|last2=Nwodo|first2=Obiageli C.|date=1 January 1989|publisher=Malthouse Press|isbn=9789782601094|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GsmAQAAIAAJ&q=Helen+Ofurum|title=Children and literature in Africa|last1=Ikonné|first1=Chidi|last2=Oko|first2=E.|last3=Onwudinjo|first3=Peter|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria)|isbn=9789781291814|language=en}}</ref> An jera sunanta a cikin mawallafa na [[Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature]].<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Ofurum, Helen - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-2401 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-514656-1}}</ref> == Ayyuka == *Iheoma Comes To Stay (1982)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5IgAAAACAAJ&q=Iheoma,+Comes+to+stay|title=Iheoma Comes to Stay|last=Ofurum|first=Helen|date=1 January 1982|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9789781327131|language=en}}</ref> * A Welcome for Chijioke (1983)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3ORAQAACAAJ&q=Welcome+for+Chijioke|title=Politische Correspondenz Friedrich's des Grossen|last=Prussia)|first=Frederick II (King of|publisher=A. Duncker|isbn=9783428147397|language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 9d5cqifqou6g3w21s1m28x6o5otqzdx 0 88373 549341 2024-12-01T08:00:03Z BnHamid 12586 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1173433364|Tolu Ajayi]]" 549341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toluwalogo Ajayi''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1946) mawaƙin Najeriya ne kuma marubucin [[Fiction (Almara)|almara]] ko ƙagaggen labari. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a garin [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]] a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]], Ajayi ya yi karatu a kasar Najeriya da [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ; daga baya a shekarar 1970, ya cancanci matsayin likita a Jami'ar Liverpool Medical School. Ya kuma kware a fannin tabin hankali a Jami'ar Memorial da ke Newfoundland, [[Kanada]]. <ref name="Student Enc" /> Yawancin litattafai da [[Gajeren labari|labarun]] Ajayi sun bayyana amfani da kwarewar fannin likitancinsa. == Ayyuka == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] fpe9uhhpqls92dr4spxyt9mtj2hr49i 549342 549341 2024-12-01T08:00:30Z BnHamid 12586 549342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Toluwalogo Ajayi''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1946) mawaƙin Najeriya ne kuma marubucin [[Fiction (Almara)|almara]] ko ƙagaggen labari. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a garin [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]] a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]], Ajayi ya yi karatu a kasar Najeriya da [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ; daga baya a shekarar 1970, ya cancanci matsayin likita a Jami'ar Liverpool Medical School. Ya kuma kware a fannin tabin hankali a Jami'ar Memorial da ke Newfoundland, [[Kanada]]. <ref name="Student Enc" /> Yawancin litattafai da [[Gajeren labari|labarun]] Ajayi sun bayyana amfani da kwarewar fannin likitancinsa. == Ayyuka == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] 0vehvz517f20mywjae30t1xny4h1c77 549344 549342 2024-12-01T08:02:34Z BnHamid 12586 Ingantawa da sanya manazarta 549344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Toluwalogo Ajayi''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1946) mawaƙin Najeriya ne kuma marubucin [[Fiction (Almara)|almara]] ko ƙagaggen labari. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a garin [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]] a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]], Ajayi ya yi karatu a kasar Najeriya da [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ; daga baya a shekarar 1970, ya cancanci matsayin likita a Jami'ar Liverpool Medical School. Ya kuma kware a fannin tabin hankali a Jami'ar Memorial da ke Newfoundland, [[Kanada]]. <ref name="Student Enc" /> Yawancin litattafai da [[Gajeren labari|labarun]] Ajayi sun bayyana amfani da kwarewar fannin likitancinsa. == Ayyuka == *''The Year'' (London: Macmillan, 1981). {{ISBN|0-333-35280-7}}<ref name="wc-Year" /> *''The Lesson'' (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1985)<ref name="wc-Lesson" /> *''The Ghost of a Millionaire'' (Heinemann Educational Books Nigeria, 1990). {{ISBN|978-129-174-5}}<ref name="wc-Ghost" /> *''Eyes of the Night'', short story collection including his 1990 [[BBC World Service]] winning story "Family Planning"<ref name="Student Enc" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1991),<ref name="wc-Eyes"/> *''Images of Lives: Poems for Everyone'', poetry collection (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1991)<ref name="wc-Images" /> *''Motions and Emotions: Fumes of Poetic Feelings'', poetry collection<ref name="wc-Motions" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1993) *''After A Bad Moon: a Sh-to-vel'', story collection<ref name="Student Enc" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1995). {{ISBN|978-33209-1-2}}<ref name="wc-Moon"/> ==Bayanan kula== <references> <ref name="wc-Ghost">{{cite book |title=The ghost of a millionaire (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 26865732}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Eyes">{{cite book |title=Eyes of the night (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 28212762}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Year">{{cite book |title=The Year (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 59092606}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Lesson">{{cite book |title=The Lesson (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 15734799}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Motions">{{cite book |title=Motions and Emotions: Fumes of Poetic Feelings(worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 36930912}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Images">{{cite book |title=Images of Lives: Poems for Everyone (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 28439809}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Moon">{{cite book |title=After A Bad Moon: a Sh-to-vel (worldcat listing) |via=[[WorldCat]] |oclc = 35789263}}</ref> <ref name="Student Enc">{{cite book |title=Student Encyclopedia of African Literature |last1=Killiam |first1=Douglas |last2=Kerfoot |first2=Alicia L. |year=2008 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport CT |isbn=978-0-313-33580-8 |page=55 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/11573530/Student-Encyclopedia-of-African-Literature |accessdate=20 January 2010}}</ref> </references> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Toluwalogo}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] 2qw4ymkkl1wv2q7jxdgey2nwwr6e03d 549345 549344 2024-12-01T08:03:50Z BnHamid 12586 549345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Toluwalogo Ajayi''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1946) mawaƙin Najeriya ne kuma marubucin [[Fiction (Almara)|almara]] ko ƙagaggen labari.<ref name="Student Enc" /> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a garin [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]] a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]], Ajayi ya yi karatu a kasar Najeriya da [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ; daga baya a shekarar 1970, ya cancanci matsayin likita a Jami'ar Liverpool Medical School.<ref name="Student Enc" /> Ya kuma kware a fannin tabin hankali a Jami'ar Memorial da ke Newfoundland, [[Kanada]]. <ref name="Student Enc" /> Yawancin litattafai da [[Gajeren labari|labarun]] Ajayi sun bayyana amfani da kwarewar fannin likitancinsa. == Ayyuka == *''The Year'' (London: Macmillan, 1981). {{ISBN|0-333-35280-7}}<ref name="wc-Year" /> *''The Lesson'' (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1985)<ref name="wc-Lesson" /> *''The Ghost of a Millionaire'' (Heinemann Educational Books Nigeria, 1990). {{ISBN|978-129-174-5}}<ref name="wc-Ghost" /> *''Eyes of the Night'', short story collection including his 1990 [[BBC World Service]] winning story "Family Planning"<ref name="Student Enc" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1991),<ref name="wc-Eyes"/> *''Images of Lives: Poems for Everyone'', poetry collection (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1991)<ref name="wc-Images" /> *''Motions and Emotions: Fumes of Poetic Feelings'', poetry collection<ref name="wc-Motions" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1993) *''After A Bad Moon: a Sh-to-vel'', story collection<ref name="Student Enc" /> (Lagos, Nigeria: Granny Fatima, 1995). {{ISBN|978-33209-1-2}}<ref name="wc-Moon"/> ==Bayanan kula== <references> <ref name="wc-Ghost">{{cite book |title=The ghost of a millionaire (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 26865732}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Eyes">{{cite book |title=Eyes of the night (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 28212762}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Year">{{cite book |title=The Year (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 59092606}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Lesson">{{cite book |title=The Lesson (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 15734799}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Motions">{{cite book |title=Motions and Emotions: Fumes of Poetic Feelings(worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 36930912}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Images">{{cite book |title=Images of Lives: Poems for Everyone (worldcat listing) |via=WorldCat |oclc = 28439809}}</ref> <ref name="wc-Moon">{{cite book |title=After A Bad Moon: a Sh-to-vel (worldcat listing) |via=[[WorldCat]] |oclc = 35789263}}</ref> <ref name="Student Enc">{{cite book |title=Student Encyclopedia of African Literature |last1=Killiam |first1=Douglas |last2=Kerfoot |first2=Alicia L. |year=2008 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport CT |isbn=978-0-313-33580-8 |page=55 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/11573530/Student-Encyclopedia-of-African-Literature |accessdate=20 January 2010}}</ref> </references> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Toluwalogo}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] s883cku6xloj0rtmqoqk4fgnxf05rsj 0 88374 549387 2024-12-01T10:02:04Z Gwanki 3834 Gwanki moved page [[Alex Greenwood (ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1933)]] to [[Alex Greenwood]] 549387 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alex Greenwood]] t967q4bxrep41u78l3fd1c0falri0ae 0 88375 549388 2024-12-01T10:24:43Z Saifullahi AS 19028 kirkirar mukala 549388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Manazarta == j80f7tpfifxo60vsqvhuglfrfj2gf6p 549389 549388 2024-12-01T10:26:09Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 549389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. == Manazarta == m7t5n7jvok32em09k69nl1snvbaoc19 549394 549389 2024-12-01T10:33:51Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 549394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa . == Manazarta == 1c8bskklcgkkz2vyfoy2zde1la8slsf 549396 549394 2024-12-01T10:36:24Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka bayanai 549396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, == Manazarta == 6lt33fn2cxxmge4779kj4j1v87kal50 549398 549396 2024-12-01T10:37:47Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Watford */ SAKA BAYANAI 549398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. == Manazarta == pn5fe97u4l2x0usa3sbaq77qpfgg06l 549401 549398 2024-12-01T10:39:14Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Watford */ saka bayanai 549401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6fve0pn8uuz9d0d1e7gct0wgva1z1b6 549404 549401 2024-12-01T10:40:47Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Watford */ saka baynaai 549404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Manazarta == opfdro6il7hgfzyroajdwt2yekk3knf 549406 549404 2024-12-01T10:42:19Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Watford */ saka bayanai 549406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == == Manazarta == adfd7ee11m982fxaht4crwfuqea2skh 549408 549406 2024-12-01T10:52:13Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Accrington Stanley */ saka bayanai 549408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Manazarta == pt9i4q7ya3obp01ipi4t4channx4wa3 549409 549408 2024-12-01T10:53:13Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Accrington Stanley */ saka bayanai 549409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == a2856w19vlypxz5s4pf3xpzgb8e4aiz 549410 549409 2024-12-01T10:55:29Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Cambridge United */ 549410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Manazarta == nz2gswbsh0t6t0amt6o64jd93fxjlwg 549411 549410 2024-12-01T10:56:04Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Cambridge United */ saka bayanai 549411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == == Manazarta == 100h8tndf21qp29rimzd8zyubosioct 549412 549411 2024-12-01T10:56:43Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington */ saka bayanai 549412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Manazarta == gi5rf5swar856y0nvb99e5zowozr9l2 549413 549412 2024-12-01T10:57:30Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington */ saka bayanai 549413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Morecambe (aro) == A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2019, Mingoia ta koma [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia Loan |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/january/piero-mingoia-loan/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=Morecambe F.C.}}</ref> == Manazarta == d37cjbmk6x2kp889y8emntlak8oi9me 549414 549413 2024-12-01T10:58:14Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Morecambe (aro) */ saka bayanai 549414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Morecambe (aro) == A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2019, Mingoia ta koma [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia Loan |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/january/piero-mingoia-loan/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=Morecambe F.C.}}</ref> == Boreham Wood == A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019, Mingoia ya shiga Boreham Wood a kan canja wurin kyauta.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2019 |title=PIERO'S BACK! |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/pieros-back/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sake shi a watan Yunin 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2021 |title=TOUGH DECISIONS TAKEN FOR WOOD'S FUTURE |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/tough-decisions-taken-for-woods-future/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> == Manazarta == rgbed5mg67n60wxzc1d2cfe8xgglgwn 549415 549414 2024-12-01T10:58:44Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Boreham Wood */ saka bayanai 549415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Morecambe (aro) == A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2019, Mingoia ta koma [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia Loan |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/january/piero-mingoia-loan/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=Morecambe F.C.}}</ref> == Boreham Wood == A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019, Mingoia ya shiga Boreham Wood a kan canja wurin kyauta.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2019 |title=PIERO'S BACK! |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/pieros-back/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sake shi a watan Yunin 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2021 |title=TOUGH DECISIONS TAKEN FOR WOOD'S FUTURE |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/tough-decisions-taken-for-woods-future/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == == Manazarta == a5qwaa173idtmltvlwbjulstq8sh5kz 549416 549415 2024-12-01T10:59:54Z Saifullahi AS 19028 /* Kididdigar aiki */ saka bayanai 549416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Morecambe (aro) == A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2019, Mingoia ta koma [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia Loan |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/january/piero-mingoia-loan/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=Morecambe F.C.}}</ref> == Boreham Wood == A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019, Mingoia ya shiga Boreham Wood a kan canja wurin kyauta.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2019 |title=PIERO'S BACK! |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/pieros-back/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sake shi a watan Yunin 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2021 |title=TOUGH DECISIONS TAKEN FOR WOOD'S FUTURE |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/tough-decisions-taken-for-woods-future/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Watford |2010–11 |Championship |5 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7 |1 |- |2011–12 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2012–13 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !5 !0 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !7 !1 |- |Brentford (loan) |2011–12 |League One |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |Hayes & Yeading United (loan) |2011–12 |Conference Premier |8 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |8 |2 |- |Accrington Stanley (loan) |2012–13 |League Two |7 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |1 |- |Boreham Wood (loan) |2012–13 |Conference South |9 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Accrington Stanley |2013–14 |League Two |37 |1 |1 |0 |2 |1 |1 |0 |41 |2 |- |2014–15 |League Two |36 |8 |3 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |41 |8 |- |2015–16 |League Two |46 |3 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3 |1 |52 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !119 !12 !6 !0 !4 !1 !5 !1 !134 !14 |- | rowspan="3" |Cambridge United |2016–17 |League Two |40 |5 |4 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |49 |7 |- |2017–18 |League Two |22 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |1 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !5 !5 !1 !2 !1 !5 !1 !74 !8 |- |Accrington Stanley |2018–19 |League One |4 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 |12 |0 |- |Morecambe (loan) |2018–19 |League Two |16 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |16 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Boreham Wood |2019–20 |National League |22 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |22 |1 |- |2020–21 |National League |8 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !1 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !1 !0 !34 !1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career totals !260 !21 !20 !2 !7 !2 !16 !2 !303 !27 |} # == Manazarta == 3i17epx6tl4y5w2fc16nusboz2ikpy2 549417 549416 2024-12-01T11:01:19Z Saifullahi AS 19028 saka akwatin sako 549417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Piero Mingoia''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1991) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya fara aikinsa tare da watford, kuma ya shafe lokaci a aro a brentford, hayes da kuma yeading united da Boreham Wood kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanford a 2013. Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar cambridge united, kafin ya koma Accrington, inda inda su kuma suka bada rancensa ga morecambe. Ya buga wasan karshe a kungiyar Boreham Wood ta kofin na kasa. == Ayyukansa == === Watford === An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10, An haifi Mingoia a garin Enfield, London . Ya shiga Watford yana da shekaru 13. Ya sanya hannu kan yin kwallensa a matsayin kwararre zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2009-10,ya rubuta yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan kammala karatun shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthews, Anthony |date=1 April 2010 |title=But Hornets decide to release five second-year scholars |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/6559861.Professional_deals_for_Watford_Academy_pair/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Ya yi cikakken karon farko a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 2011 a kan hartlepool a gasar cin kofin FA.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Watford 4–1 Hartlepool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/9342073.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Watford ya ci gaba da lashe wasan 4-1. Ya fara buga wasan farko a Watford a wasan 3-0 a gida da ya ci Derby County mako guda bayan haka, a matsayin wanda ke canjin marvin sordell na minti 81.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Watford 3–0 Derby |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/9358242.stm |access-date=16 January 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya sake buga wasanni hudu a lokacin kakar 2010-11 kuma an ba shisaka mako tare da tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyu. <ref name="sb1011">{{Soccerbase season|54261|2010|name=Piero Mingoia|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2011 |title=Watford give Piero Mingoia a new two-year contract |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13086490 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mingoia ya koma brentford a matsayin aro na wata daya a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2012. <ref name="JoinsBees">{{cite news |date=5 January 2012 |title=Brentford sign Watford's Piero Mingoia & extend Bidwell's deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16433387 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bai shiga cikin kowane wasa na kulob din ba, kuma ya koma Watford mako guda kafin rancensa ya ƙare.<ref name="Brentford">{{cite news |author=Smith, Frank |date=25 January 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia returns after unsuccessful Brentford loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/watfordfc/watfordfcnews/9491560.Mingoia_back_at_Watford/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> Mingoia ya shiga hayers da yeading united a kan aro a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na wata daya.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Watford midfielder Piero Mingoia joins Hayes & Yeading on loan |url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/9608035.Mingoia_leaves_on_loan/ |access-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=Watford Observer}}</ref> == Accrington Stanley == Mingoia ya koma kungiyar Accrington Stanley don sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013. A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2014, Mingoia ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilq har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2015.[ A watan Yunin 2015, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekara guda da kungiyar. == Cambridge United == Mingoia ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=U's Agree Two-Year Deal With Mingoia Who Also Unveils The 2016/17 Home Shirt |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/news/article/us-agree-two-year-deal-with-mingoia-who-also-unveils-the-201617-home-shirt-3132292.aspx |access-date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Cambridge United Official Site}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a 1-1 draw tare da [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2016 |title=Cambridge 1–1 Barnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36930235 |access-date=9 August 2016 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgeson |first=Andrew |date=22 May 2018 |title=Piero Mingoia on his 'unique' final season at Cambridge United |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/sport/piero-mingoia-unique-final-season-14689656 |website=cambridgenews}}</ref> == Komawa Lokaci na biyu a Accrington == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2018, Mingoia ta koma accrington stanley kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia: Accrington Stanley re-sign Cambridge United midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44629676 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Morecambe (aro) == A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2019, Mingoia ta koma [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Piero Mingoia Loan |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/january/piero-mingoia-loan/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=Morecambe F.C.}}</ref> == Boreham Wood == A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019, Mingoia ya shiga Boreham Wood a kan canja wurin kyauta.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2019 |title=PIERO'S BACK! |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/pieros-back/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sake shi a watan Yunin 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2021 |title=TOUGH DECISIONS TAKEN FOR WOOD'S FUTURE |url=https://www.borehamwoodfootballclub.co.uk/uncategorized/tough-decisions-taken-for-woods-future/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=Boreham Wood F.C.}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Watford |2010–11 |Championship |5 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7 |1 |- |2011–12 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2012–13 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !5 !0 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !7 !1 |- |Brentford (loan) |2011–12 |League One |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |Hayes & Yeading United (loan) |2011–12 |Conference Premier |8 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |8 |2 |- |Accrington Stanley (loan) |2012–13 |League Two |7 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |1 |- |Boreham Wood (loan) |2012–13 |Conference South |9 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Accrington Stanley |2013–14 |League Two |37 |1 |1 |0 |2 |1 |1 |0 |41 |2 |- |2014–15 |League Two |36 |8 |3 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |41 |8 |- |2015–16 |League Two |46 |3 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3 |1 |52 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !119 !12 !6 !0 !4 !1 !5 !1 !134 !14 |- | rowspan="3" |Cambridge United |2016–17 |League Two |40 |5 |4 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |49 |7 |- |2017–18 |League Two |22 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |1 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !5 !5 !1 !2 !1 !5 !1 !74 !8 |- |Accrington Stanley |2018–19 |League One |4 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 |12 |0 |- |Morecambe (loan) |2018–19 |League Two |16 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |16 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Boreham Wood |2019–20 |National League |22 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |22 |1 |- |2020–21 |National League |8 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !1 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !1 !0 !34 !1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career totals !260 !21 !20 !2 !7 !2 !16 !2 !303 !27 |} # == Manazarta == iwn5dqhl6yzfeg23gsdya085xfgwsbj