Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 1848 551751 495879 2024-12-04T14:39:52Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:Chaves County Court House-Ten Commandments.jpg|thumb|Cheves county]] [[Fayil:Trier Sankt-Matthias Kapitell (21.2).jpg|thumb|''Dokokin nan goma'']] [[Fayil:10commandmentsCI.jpg|thumb|''Dokokin nan goma'']] Allah ya faɗi dukan waɗannan zantuttuka, ya ce, “Ni ne Ubangiji Allahnka wanda ya fisshe ka daga ƙasar Masar, daga gidan bauta. * “Kada ka kasance da waɗansu alloli sai ni. * “Kada ka yi wa kanka wani gunki ko kuwa wata siffa ta wani abu a sama a bisa, ko a duniya a ƙasa, ko kuma a ruwa a ƙarƙarshin ƙasa. 5Kada ka rusuna musu, kada kuwa ka bauta musu, gama ni Ubangiji Allahnka, mai kishi ne. Nakan hukunta 'ya'ya har tsara ta uku da ta huɗu na waɗanda suke ƙina. Amma nakan gwada madawwamiyar ƙaunata ga dubban tsararraki da suke ƙaunata, masu kiyaye dokokina. * “Kada ka kama sunan Ubangiji Allahnka a banza, gama zan hukunta duk wanda ya kama sunana a banza. * “Tuna da rana Asabar, ka kiyaye ta da tsarki. 9Za ku yi dukan ayyukanku cikin kwana shida, amma rana ta bakwai keɓaɓɓiya ce ga Ubangiji Allahnka. A ranar ba za ka yi kowane irin aiki ba, ko kai, ko 'ya'yanka, ko barorinka, ko dabbobinka, ko kuwa baƙon da yake zaune tare da ku. Gama cikin kwana shida Ubangiji ya yi sama, da duniya, da teku, da dukan abin da yake cikinsu, amma a rana ta bakwai ya huta. Soboda haka Ubangiji yakeɓe ranar Asabar, ya tsarkake ta. * “Ka girmama mahaifinka da mahaifiyarka, domin ka yi tsawon rai a ƙasar da Ubangiji Allahnka yake ba ka. * “Kada ka yi kisankai. * “Kada ka yi zina. * “Kada ka yi sata. * “Kada ka ɓāta sunan maƙwabcinka. * “Kada ka yi ƙyashin gidan maƙwabcinka. Kada kuma ka yi ƙyashin matar maƙwabcinka, ko barorinsa mata da maza, ko sansa, ko jakinsa, ko kowane abin da yake nasa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Addini]] coyb3nidpwavptsixjgh0wwrb51n5ls 0 2353 551949 496592 2024-12-04T21:07:39Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi kari 551949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Niger, Niamey, Place du Liptako-Gourma (2).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Niger, Niamey, Place du Liptako-Gourma]] [[Fayil:Flag of Niger.svg|thumb|Tutan nijar]] [[Fayil:Nijar.jpg|thumb]] '''Nijar ko Nijer'''<ref>"ISO 3166". ISO Online Browsing Platform. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2017.</ref><ref>"UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Statisticsc Division. 1 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2017.</ref> ƙasa ce da ke yankin [[Afrika]] ta Yamma. Tana maƙwabtaka da ƙasashe bakwai ([[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] daga kudu, [[Libya]] daga arewa maso gabas, [[Aljeriya]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Mali]] daga yamma, [[Burkina Faso|Burkina faso]] da [[Benin]] daga kudu maso yamma, [[Cadi]] daga gabas). Tana da al'umma da ta kai fiye da mutum miliyan sha bakwai (17) Kuma tana da ƙabilu daban-daban, kamar su: [[Hausawa]], [[Zabarmawa]], [[Abzinawa]], [[Fulani]], [[Kanuri]], [[Bugaje]], [[Barebari]], [[Larabawa]], [[Tubawa]], da [[Gurmawa]]. Nijar ta na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen ƙungiyar tattalin arzikin ƙasashen yammacin '''[[Africa Centre|Africa]].''' ([[CEDEAO]]). Nijar tana da faɗin ķasa kimanin 1,270,000Km (490,000sq mi) eta ta biyu 2 a fadin kasa, a kasashan Afirka ta yamma. Wajan 80% nakasar saharah ne, Wajan 22 million mutanan Kasar Nijar musulmai ne [[File:Mohamed Bazoum (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mohamed Bazuwa Tsohon Shugaban Ƙasar Wanda Sojoji Suka Yi Wa Juyin Mulki]] Nijar ta samu 'yancin kanta a shekara ta 1960 daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Faransa]]. Tana da arzikin ma'adanai na cikin ƙasa kamar [[Zinariya]], da [[Karfe|ƙarfe]], da [[Gawayi]], da [[uranium]], da kuma [[Petrol|Petur]]. == Al'umman Nijar 2013 == A lissafin kasafin ƙasa da INS ta fitar <ref>(http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/)</ref>, a shekara ta 2013 ƙasar Nijar tana da al'umma milyan sha bakwai da dubu ɗari da ashirin da tara da saba'in da shida (17,129,076). == Manyan Birane == [[File:Niamey night.jpg|thumb|[[Niamey]], Babban Birnin [[Nijar]] kuma mafi girma]] [[File:Zinder (6328886864).jpg|thumb|[[Zinder]], ta biyu a girma a Nijar.]] [[File:Maradi.JPG|thumb|[[Maradi, Niger|Maradi]], ta uku a girma]] [[File:1997 277-16A Agadez hotel.jpg|thumb|[[Agadez]]]] [[File:Casas de Nijar.JPG|thumb|wasu daga cikin manyan gine-ginen kasar nijar]] Yankunan Gwamnatin kasar Sune kamar haka: *[[Yankin Agadez]] *[[Yankin Diffa]] *[[Yankin Dosso]] *[[Yankin Maradi]] *[[Yankin Tahoua]] *[[Yankin Tillabéri]] *[[Yankin Zinder]] *[[Niamey]] (Babban birni) ''Birane da ke da adadin al'umma samada dubu goma (10,000) akan kidayar shekara ta 2012.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- valign=top style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #DDDDDD" !Birni !Kidaya Yankin !Yawan Mutane<br>2012<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Niger.html Population figures from citypopulation.de], citing [http://www.stat-niger.org/ (2001) Institut National de la Statistique du Niger].</ref> !Kasantuwa<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NG/index.html fallingrain.com].</ref> |- |[[Abalak (gari)|Abalak]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,068 | |- |[[Abalak]]||[[Yankin Tahoua |Tahoua]]||21,842||<small>(Coord|15.4522222|6.2783333|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Agadez]]||[[Yankin Agadez|Agadez]]||110,497||<small>(Coord|16.9738889|7.9908333|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Aguié]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||17,397||<small>(Coord|13.5080556|7.7772222|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Arlit]]||[[Yankin Agadez|Agadez]]||78,651||<small>(Coord|18.7325|7.3680556|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Ayourou]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,528 | |- |[[Balléyara, Niger|Balléyara]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |16,063 | |- |[[Birnin Gaouré]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||14,430||<small>(Coord|13.0877778|2.9169444|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Birnin-Konni (birni)]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||63,169||<small>(Coord|13.8|5.25|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Bouza]] |[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]] |10,368 | |- |[[Dakoro]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||29,293||<small>(Coord|13.8166667|6.4166667|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Diffa]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||39,960||<small>(Coord|13.3155556|12.6088889|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Dogondoutchi]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||36,971||<small>(Coord|13.6461111|4.0288889|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Dosso]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||58,671||<small>{{Coord|13.0444444|3.1947222|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Filingué]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||12,224||<small>{{Coord|14.35|3.3166667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gaya]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||45,465||<small>{{Coord|11.8877778|3.4466667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gazaoua]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |14,674 | |- |[[Gouré]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||18,289||<small>{{Coord|13.9869444|10.27|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gidan-Rumji]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||17,525||<small>{{Coord|13.85|6.9666667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Illéla]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||22,491||<small>{{Coord|14.4616667|5.2475|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Kéita (gari)|Kéita]] |[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]] |10,361 | |- |[[Kollo]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||14,746||<small>{{Coord|13.3086111|2.3308333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Madaoua]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||27,972||<small>{{Coord|14.1|6.4333333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Madarounfa]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |12,220 | |- |[[Magaria]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||25,928||<small>{{Coord|14.5666667|8.7333333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Maïné-Soroa]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||13,136||<small>{{Coord|13.2177778|12.0266667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Maradi]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||267,249||<small>{{Coord|13.4916667|7.0963889|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Matameye]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||27,615||<small>{{Coord|13.4238889|8.4777778|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Mayahi]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |13,157 | |- |[[Mirriah]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||28,407||<small>{{Coord|13.7141667|9.1505556|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Nguigmi]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||23,670||<small>{{Coord|14.2527778|13.1108333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Niamey]]||[[Niamey|Niamey Capital District]]||978,029||<small>{{Coord|13.5166667|2.1166667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Wallam (gari)|Wallam]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |10,594 | |- |[[Say (gari)|Say]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||13,546||<small>{{Coord|13.1080556|2.3597222|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tahoua]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||117,826||<small>{{Coord|14.8902778|5.2677778|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tânout]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||20,339||<small>{{Coord|14.9702778|8.8916667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tchintabaraden]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||15,298|| |- |[[Téra]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||29,119||<small>{{Coord|14.0105556|0.7530556|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tessaoua]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||43,409||<small>{{Coord|13.7533333|7.9863889|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tibiri]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |25,513 | |- |[[Tillabéri (gari)|Tillabéri]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||22,774||<small>{{Coord|14.206146|1.453457|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Torodi]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,813 | |- |[[Zinder]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||235,605||<small>{{Coord|13.8|8.9833333|||format=dec}}</small> |} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|Tutar kasar File:1997_275-15_young_Wodaabe_women.jpg|Matasa yan ƙabilar Wodaabe a kasar File:Gardien_de_dune.jpg|Akwai Sahara a kasar sosai File:Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg|Coat of Arms File:Niger,_Filingu%C3%A9_(9),_street_scene.jpg|Nijar File:Niger_carte.gif|Taswirar kasar File:Niger,_Boubon_(10),_scene_along_the_river_bank.jpg|Kogin bank, Nijar </gallery> {{Afirka}} ==MAnazarta== [[Category:Nijar|*]] <references /> [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasashen yammacin Afirika]] 6he4wp95zjoi914bi7p6he1d8hzpu58 0 6305 551825 505130 2024-12-04T18:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Abịa State University Mountain.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar jihar abia.]] [[File:RoughPlay.jpg|thumb|mutanen abia a bukukuwan al'ada.]] [[File:Renovated Abia State House of Assembly.jpg|thumb|Majalissar dokokin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Tambarin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia state tower.jpg|thumb|Abia]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 10.jpg|thumb|sarakunan gargajiya]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 04.jpg|thumb|Al'adu]] [[File:Man pushing a wheelbarrow - Abia state.jpg|thumb|kasuwanni a wani karni]] '''Jihar Abiya''' [[Jiha]] ce dake yankin Kudu maso Gabashin [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] wacce ta hada iyaka daga arewa, da kuma arewa maso kudu da jihohin [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]; sai kuma daga yamma da Jihar [[Imo]], Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan da suka fi kowanne yawan jama'a a garin: '''A'''ba, '''B'''ende, '''I'''suikwuato, da kuma '''A'''rochukwu.<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> Babban birnin jihar itace [[Umuahia]]<ref>Umuahia - Wikipedia </ref>, a yayin da [[Aba]]<ref>Aba, Nigeria - Wikipedia</ref> ta kasance mafi girma kuma cibiyar kasuwancin garin.<ref>"Aba | History & Facts | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abia_State_coat_of_arms]] Acikin jihohi 36 na [[Najeriya]], [[Abia]] itace ta 32 a fadin kasa kuma na 27 a yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane akalla '''3,720,000''' a bisa kidayar shekara ta [[2016]].<ref>"Figure 1. Map of abia State showing the 17 local government areas". ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, jihar ta kasu zuwa kashi biyu, [[Niger Delta swamp forests]] daga karshen kudancin garin, da kuma busasshen yanayi na [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] da yanayi savanna a sauran sassan garin. Sauran muhimman yankunan garin sun hada da Rafukan [[Imo River|Imo]] and [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wadanda ke kwarara ta yammaci da kudancin iyakar Abiya. Akwai yaruka da dama da suke zaune a Jihar Abiya a yau, musamman [[Inyamurai]]. A lokacin mulkin [[turawa]], yankin Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin yankin mutanen [[Arochukwu]] na Daular Aro kafin a turawa su ci su da yaki a Yakin [[Yakin Anglo-Aro]] a farkon karni na 1900. Turawa sun mamaye yankin bayan yakin, kuma suka sanya ta cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya karkashin kariyar Turawa, wacce daga baya aka hadeta cikin yankin Najeriya ta Mulkin Burtaniya; bayan an hade ta, Jihar Abiya ta zamo cibiyar adawa ga mulkin mallaka turawa wanda ya janyo yakin mata da aka fara a [[Oloko]]. Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya , har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka rarraba yankin zuwa yankin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan faruwar hakan, tsohuwar yankin na Gashin Najeriya ta jawo yakin basasa na tsawon shekaru uku a Najeriya, tare da Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan tawaye na [[Biyafara]]. Bayan yakin ya kare kuma an sake hade yankunan a Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya har zuwa 1976 lokacin da [[Murtala Mohammed]] ya samar da sabuwar Jihar [[Imo]] (wacce ta hada da JIhar Abiya a cikin ta). Bayan shekaru sha biyar, an sake raba Jihar Imo inda aka cire gabashin Imo don samar da Jihar Abiya; amma a shekarar 1996, an sake raba jihar Abiya inda aka samar da Jihar [[Ebonyi]] ta yau.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Jihar Abiya ta ta'allaka a samar da man-fetur da natural gas dadi da noma, musamman na doya, masara, taro, man-ja da rogo. Akwai kamfanoni sarrafe-sarrafe musamman a yankin Aba.<ref>"Abia". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Dangane da saurin habakar ta a fuskar yawan jama'a da masanaantu, Abiya ta shiga na 8 daga cikin jerin cigaban al'umma a Najeriya.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[Fayil:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abiya state coat of arm]] Tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 6,320 da yawan jama’a milyan biyu da dubu dari takwas da talatin da uku da dari tara da tisa'in da tara (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Umuahia]]. [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Ude Okochukwu]]. Dattijan jihar su ne: [[Eyinnaya Abaribe]], [[Theodore A. Orji]] da [[Mao Ohuabunwa]]<ref>https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Abia/Brief-History-of-Abia-State.html</ref><ref>https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Abia_State,_Nigeria_Genealogy</ref>. == Labarin kasa == Jihar Abiya wacce ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 6,320sqkm, ta hada iyaka daga kudu da kudu maso gabas da jihohin [[Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]. Jihar [[Imo]] daga yamma, Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas da kuma Jihar [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Sashin kudancin garin na fuskantar ruwan sama mai karfi na kimanin 2,400 millimetres (94 in) a duk shekara, kuma yafi karfi a tsakanin watannin Aprelu zuwa Octoba.<ref>"abia". ''www.usafricaonline.com''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Rafuka mafi muhimmanci a jihar sune; [[Imo River|Imo]] da Kogin [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wanda ke kwarara acikin tekun Atlantic ta jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>Nigeria, Media (22 March 2018). "Major Rivers In Abia state". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 13 February2022.</ref> == Tarihi da yawan jama'a == Abiya na daga cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya kuma tana da kananan hukumomi guda 17. An kafa jihar Abiya a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991, a lokacin mulkin General [[Ibrahim Babangida]]. Jihar na zaune a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An samar da jihar Abiya daga cikin jihar Imo kuma jihohin biyu sun hada iyaka. Jihar Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan Niger Delta. Babba birnin jihar itace Abiya, sannan ana mata lakabi da '''''[[Abiya|GOD’s OWN STATE]]'''.'' Jihar Abiya ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan ta hudu da sukafi ko ina yawa wato: [[Aba, Abia|Aba]], [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]], [[Isuikwuato]], da [[Afikpo]].<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria | AllNigeriaInfo". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref><ref>"Abia State history". Abia-union.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Jihar Abiya jiha ce ta Inyamurai kuma da yaren Igbonci ake magana a garin. Inyamurai ne suka cike kusan kaso '''95%''' na yawan mutanen garin.<ref>"Enugu State". Igbofocus.co.uk. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Sannan haka zalika ana amfani da harshen turanci a garin, kuma shine matsayin yaren gwamnati da kuma cinikayya. A jihar Abiya, fiye da mutum miliyan 7 kiristoci ne.<ref>"Abia | state, Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</ref> == Tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa == Samar da man-fetur da gas sune muhimman tattalin arzikin Jihar Abiya, wanda yake wakiltan kaso 39% na kudaden shiga (GDP) na Jihar.<ref name=":0">Nigeria's 36 States and the FCT, Economic, societal and political profiles, World Bank Report</ref> Amma duk da haka kwararan kamfanonin gida na jihar dangane da shirin Marginal Fields Programme (MFP)- na samun karancin kudade da zai basu damar hakan mai a rijiyoyi kusan 50 dake jihar.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Masana'antun kere-kere na wakiltar kudaden shiga kashi 2% kacal.<ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar masana'antun Jihar Abia na nan a birnin Aba, wanda suka hada da kamfanonin sarrafa magunguna, sabulai, robobi, siminti, takalma da kuma kayan kwalliya.<ref name=":1">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abia". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. I (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 32. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8|<bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi>]].</ref> Bugu da kari, Jihar Abiya ta samar da wurin taro na kasa da kasa mai daukan mutum akalla 9000 a babban birnin Umuahia. Gwamna [[Theodore Orji|T.A Orji]] ya gina wannan katafaren wuri don bunkasa tattalin arziki ta hanyar tarar baki a tarukan kasa da kasa ko kuma na gida Najeriya da kuma masu yawan bude idanu a Jihar. Noma na wakiltar kaso 27% na kudaden shiga na Jihar (GDP), kuma ta samar da aiki ga kaso 70% na mutanen garin.<ref name=":0" /> Dangane da ruwan sama mai yawa a Jihar, Abiya na da kasar noma mai kyau kuma suna noman doya, masara, dankali shinkafa, kashuw, plantain, taro da kuma rogo.<ref name=":1" /> Kwakwan manja ya kasance muhimmin kayan masarufi na siyarwa a Jihar.<ref name=":1" /> === Hako Man-fetur da Gas === Akwai akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 100 da kuma masarrafu guda uku a jihar Abiya.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref><ref name=":3">"Vanguard, Nigeria (7 August 2012). "Our problem is poor funding – ASOPADEC Chairman". ''vanguardngr.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Akwai kuma masarrafar gas na "Abia/NNPC gas plant".<ref name=":3" /> Yi zuwa shekara ta 2012, cibiyar boundary C ta sanar da cewa ta maido da rijiyoyin mai 42 daga Jihar Rivers zuwa Abiya.<ref name=":3" /> Hakan na nufin cewa, Jihar Abiya ta zamo na hudu a samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> Mashahuriyar kamfanin man fetur wato [[Shell Nigeria|Shell]], ke da mallakin mafiya yawan rijiyoyin man da ke Jihar, kuma ta ware kusan guda 50 wanda ake dauka a matsayin mafi muhimmanci. Jihar tana samar da 36,000 barrels na man-fetur a duk rana; "Imoturu na samar da barrel 23,000 a duk rana; a yayin da ita kuma tashar man-fetur na Isimili ke samar da fiye da ganga 8,000 a duk rana.<ref name=":3" /> Akwai rijiyoyin mai guda 4 a yankin mabubbugan Izaku zuwa Obigo. Akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 30 suna kwarara zuwa Umuri sannan kuma akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 8 suna kwarara daga Umurie zuwa Afam" kamar yadda Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman na Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). Amma duk da haka, jihar na kukan rashin isasshen kudi daga kudaden da ake samu na man fetur daga Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref name=":3" /> == Matsalolin Muhalli == === Bola === Kungiyar kula da muhalli wato Municipal solid waste management (MSWM), ke da alhakin kwashe shara da tattara ta, da zubar da ita don tabbatar da cewa bata cutar da mutane ba. Akwai matsaloli da dama da suke jawo tara shara a yankuna birane, wanda suka hada da yanayin samun kudi, yanayin sararin samaniya, birane da kuma habakar tattalin arziki.<ref>Ezechi, Ezerie Henry; Nwabuko, Chima George; Enyinnaya, Ogbonna Chidi; Babington, Chibunna John (September 2017). "Municipal solid waste management in Aba, Nigeria: Challenges and prospects". ''Environmental Engineering Research''. '''22'''(3): 231–236. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.4491/eer.2017.100. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 1226-1025.</ref> Ma'aikatar MSW a jihar Abiya ta kasu kashi uku; # Sharar gida (shara daga gidaje, wuraren cin abinci, kasuwanni da sauran wuraren cinikayya) # Sharar Masana'antu (wanda suka hada da abubuwa masu cutarwa wanda ke bukatar kulawa ta musamman) # Sharar Ma'aikatu (wannan sun hada da shara daga ma'aikatun gwamnati, makarantu, asibitoci da wuraren shakatawa) == Ma'adanan Jihar Abiya == * [[Zinari|Zinare]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-21 |title=Mineral Resources |url=https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Official Website of Abia State Government |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124172412/https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Zinare|Lead/Zinc]]<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> * Oil/gas<ref name=":0" /> * [[Salt]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria|url=https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/about-nigeria/natural-resources/|access-date=2022-02-12|language=en-US}}</ref> * Kaolin<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> == Jami'oi da Kwalejoji == Akwai jami'oi shida a jihar, akwai na gwamnatin tarayya wato Michael Okpara University of Agriculture a [[Umudike]],<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Abia State University a [[Uturu]], akwai kuma ta 'yan kasuwa Gregory University dake Uturu,<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Rhema University a [[Abia]],<ref>"List of Courses Offered by Rhema University". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Spiritan University a Umu Nneochi da kuma Clifford University da ke [[Owerrinta]]. Akwai kuma kwalejin Ilimi na Abiya dake [[Arochukwu]], akwai kuma kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya dake Aba. [[Temple Gate Polytechnic]] dake a Aba, da kuma [[Abia State Polytechnic]].<ref>"List of Courses Offered at Abia State Polytechnic". ''Nigerian Scholars''. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin sama mafi kusa a Jihar Abiya itace tashar [[Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport]] (Tashar Jirgin sama na Owerri), tafiyar sa'a daya na iya kai mutum i zuwa [[Umuahia]], [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] kuma tafiyar sa'a biyu ne zuwa Tashar jirgin saman [[Port Harcourt International Airport]]. Za'a iya ziyartar tashar jirgin sama na [[Akwa Ibom Airport]] (dake [[Akwa Ibom]]). Akwai nisan kimanin kilomita 73.28 (45.53 mi) a tsakanin Birnin Uyo (''Akwa Ibom'') da Birnin [[Umuahia]] (Abia). Har wayau, akwai kuma tashar jirgin kasa wacce ake zirga-zirga ta hanyoyinta, amma ana kan gyaranta a yanzu. Aba ta hade da jihar Porthacourt ta titin jirgin kasa. Birnin Umuahia ta hade da Aba da Enugu ta titin jirgin kasa. Ana iya zirga zirga ta yankunan ruwayen garin akan jirgin ruwa ko kwale-kwale. == Yaruka == A kasa akwai jerin harsuna da ake amfani dasu a Jihar Abiya dangane da kananan hukumominsu:<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Arochukwu || Inyamuranci |- | Ini || Inyamuranci |- | Obi Ngwa || Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia South||Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia North||Inyamuranci |- |Ikwuano||Inyamuranci |- |Isiukwato||Inyamuranci |- |Ukwa West||Inyamuranci |- |Aba South||Inyamuranci |- |Aba North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa South||Inyamuranci |- |Obingwa||Inyamuranci |- |Umunneochi||Inyamuranci |- | Ugwunagbo || Inyamuranci |- | Ukwa East || Inyamuranci |} == Siyasa == Gwamnan jihar shi ke gudanar da harkokin siyasa a jihar tare da taimakon mukarrabansa na majalisar dokokin jihar. Babban birnin Jihar itace [[Umuahia]].<ref>"Umuahia | Location, Facts, & Population | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Akwai kananan hukumomi 17 a jihar. A lokacin da ta zamo jiha a 1991, shugaban kasa [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya nada jagoran yankin wato [[Frank Ajobena]] kafin a zabi [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] a matsayin gwamna a Tarayyar Najeriya ta uku. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, shugabankasa [[Sani Abacha]] ya kawo karshen Tarayyar Najeriya ta Uku (Third Republic) kuma ya tilasta mulkin soja a ko ina. A zamanin mulkin Abacha, an sake nada mutane uku ([[Chinyere Ike Nwosu]], [[Temi Ejoor]], da kuma [[Moses Fasanya]]) har zuwa lokacin da Abacha ya mutu shi kuma [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya cigaba da mulki. Abubakar ya sake nada mai gudanarwa soja [[Anthony Obi]], kafin a fara aiki da dimukradiyya a shekarar 1998. A 1999, [[Najeriya]] ta cigaba da bin tsarin dimukradiyya kuma an zabi [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] a matsayin gwamna a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999. A sabon zabe a shekara ta 2003, Kalu ya sake fitowa takarar gwamna kuma an sake zabar sa har zuwa shekara ta 2007 inda wa'adinsa na wa'adi biyu suka zo karshe. [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Progressive Peoples Alliance|PPA]]) yayi nasarar kayar da [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] (PDP) a zaben gwmanan jihar Abiya a 2007. A zaben shekara ta 2011, Theodore Orji ya fice daga jam'iyyar PPA zuwa jam'iyyar PDP bayan nan a sake zaben shi don komawa wa'adi na biyu a matsayin gwamna. A zaben shekara ta 2015, an zabi [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] (PDP) a matsayin gwamnan jihar Abiya na tara.<ref>INEC Declares Ikpeazu Winner Of Abia Governorship Election</ref> Ya sake yin nasara a zaben shekara ta 2015, inda ya kayar da [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah|Uche Ogah]] na jam'iyyar APC da [[Alex Otti]] na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] kuma an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2019. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Abia nada [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] guda goma sha bakwai (17), Sune: #[[Aba ta Arewa]] #[[Aba ta Kudu]] #[[Arochukwu]] #[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] #[[Ikwuano]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Arewa]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Kudu]] #[[Isuikwuato]] #[[Obi Ngwa]] #[[Ohafia]] #[[Osisioma Ngwa]] #[[Ugwunagbo]] #[[Ukwa ta Gabas]] #[[Ukwa ta Yamma]] #[[Umuahia ta Arewa]] #[[Umuahia ta Kudu]] #[[Umu Nneochi]] == Sarakunan Jihar == {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" |- ! Mukami || Ethnic Group || Suna || Class || Karamar Hukuma || Fada |- | ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Eziama Aba || Eze Issac Ikonne || 1 || Aba ta Arewa || Osusu Aba |- | ''Ochiudo 1 na Aba Ukwu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Jonathan U. oguejiofor (JP): Alkalin Zaman Lafiya na Tarayyar Nijeriya, Jihar Abia || || || |- | ''Osimiri III na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Eze (Barrister) Sunday Emejiaka || 1 || [[Aba ta Kudu]] || Aba |- | ''Eze Aro'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Arochukwu]] || Mazi Ogbonnaya Vincent Okoro (Eze Aro III) || 1 || [[Arochukwu]] || Oro Arochukwu |- | ''Ugwumba 1 na Ndida Ozaar'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Asa || Eze Samuel Chukwuemeka Agu || || [[Ukwa ta Yamma]] || Umuebulungwu, Ndida Ozaar |- | ''Ike 1 na Ikeisu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Isu people|Isu]] || Augustine O. Igwe (Ike I) || ? || [[Arochukwu]] || Ikeisu (Utugiyi) |- | ''Ezeala III na Aro Ngwa'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aro people|Aro Ngwa]] || Eze Edward Enwereji || ? || [[Osisioma Ngwa]] || |- | ''Ugo Oha'' (''Eze'') na Etiti Mgboko Umuanunu || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Etiti || Ngozi Ibekwe || 1 || Obi ngwa || ? | |- '' | ''Eze'' 1 na ovukwu abam onyerubi || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Ndi oji Abam]] || Oriji Ojembe || 1 || [[Isuikwuato]] || ? |- | ''Eze Ukwu 1'' of Ngwa-Ukwu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Ngwa || Benard Enweremadu || 1 ||Isiala Ngwa || Ngwa Ukwu Kingdom. The ancestral home of Ngwa Land. |- | Nya 1 of Nunya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Oguduasaa || M.E. Ihevume || ? || Isuikwuato ||Nunya Autonomous Community |- | ''Ossah-Ibeku'' (''Eze'') of Umuahia<ref name=":2">Chairman of the Abia State Council of Traditional Rulers</ref>|| [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Osaa ||HRH Nze Hope Onuigbo || X || X || Umuahia Amibo, Nsukwe |- | ''Eze'' of Uturu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Uturu]] || A.E. Ude || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Uturu |- | ''Igbojiakuru'' (Eze) of Alayi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Alayi]] || Ukeje Philip || ? || [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]] || [[Alayi|Ndi Elendu, Amaeke Alayi]] |- | ''Awu'' (''Eze'')of Isuamawu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] || Surveyor Chris E Aboh,FNIS || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Eluama Isuama |- Eze of Obun || ? || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') of Aba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / ? || Eze Issac Ikonne || || || |- |- Eze of Obunebere || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- | ''Enachioken'' Of Abiriba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Abiriba]] ||Kalu Kalu Ogbu || 1 || [[Ohafia]] || Abiriba |- | ''Ohanyere I'' Of Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umuahia]] ||Eze Abel E. Uhuegbue || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Eze Ohanyere I'' Of Ahiaba Ubi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Isiala Ngwa ||Eze D.O. Ogbuisi || ? || [[Isiala Ngwa North]] || Abia |- | ''EZE TOWE 1 of umutowe. || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Eze G. C Onwuka || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Ome Udo II'' Of Umueze, Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Okaa Omee I'' of Amaikwu, Abia || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- |"Ehi II" of Ehi na Uguru Auto. Comm, Umuguru || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Umuguru ||Eze E. E. Eluwa || 1 || [[Isiala Ngwa South]] || |- |"Ochi 1" of Ochi na Isuochi. Comm, Umunneochi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umu Nneochi]] ||HRM EZEKWESIRI || 1 || [[Umu Nneochi]] || Abia |} == Al'adu da wuraren bude idanu == * [[Arochukwu]] wacce ke da alaka da cinikayyar bayi * Azumini Blue River waterside * The Amakama wooden cave; wani rami a jikin bishiya dake iya daukan mutum 20 * Kogo da ke arewa, sun hada da Umu – Neochi zuwa Arochukwu. * Rawar al'ada da gargajiya * [[National War Museum, Umuahia]] da [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu|Ojukwu]] Bunker a Umuahia * Wurin tarihin mulkin mallakan turawa na ABiya * Akwete” wuri saqa kaya a karamar hukumar Ukwu ta gabas * Masu rawar yakin [[Ohafia]] * Bikin tunawa da AmaforIsingwu biannual Iza aha * Bikin Akpe Festival a Umuahia == Sanannun mutane == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> * [[Abai Ikwechegh]] - Jurist * [[Acho Nwakanma]] - Politician, and Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani]] – novelist and essayist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-05|title=The Power of a Name, By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/154689-power-name-adaobi-tricia-nwaubani.html|access-date=2021-06-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Adolphus Wabara]] - Former Senate President of Nigeria. * [[Akwaeke Emezi]] – novelist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-21|title=Young Nigerian writers shaping the world|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-nigerian-writers-shaping-the-world/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Mascot Ikwechegh]], politician, businessman and philanthropist<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Politician and Philanthropist Chief Alex Ikwechegh Marks Birthday, Receives Global Accolades|url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/35839/nigeria-politician-and-philanthropist-chief-alex.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> * [[Alexx Ekubo]], Nollywood actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=Where Is Alexx Ekubo From? – Biography And Ethnicity Of The Nollywood Big Boy|url=https://buzznigeria.com/where-is-alexx-ekubo-from-biography-and-ethnicity-of-the-nollywood-big-boy/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Otti]] - Former Group Managing Director of Diamond Bank PLC. * [[Alvan Ikoku]], OBE educationist (1900–1971)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chris|date=2021-06-12|title=Abia College Names Library After Alvan Ikoku|url=https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140011/https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Anthony Eze Enwereuzor]] - Politician Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Anya Oko Anya]], technocrat and academic<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=The sun awards 2016: …The winners|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/the-sun-awards-2016-the-winners/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ashley Nwosu]] - Former Nigerian Actor * [[Arunma Oteh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/arunma-oteh/|title=Arunma Oteh|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/after-leaving-world-bank-arunma-oteh-appointed-into-ecobank-board|title=After leaving World Bank, Arunma Oteh appointed into Ecobank board|date=2019-01-18|website=TheCable|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Former World Bank Vice President and Treasurer. * [[Azubuike Ihejirika]] – Lt. General and former Chief of Army Staff<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akinola|first=Wale|date=2021-01-27|title=Buratai, 9 former Nigeria Chief of Army Staff who served between 1999 and 2021|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400012-meet-10-nigeria-chief-army-staff-served-1999-2021.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-27|title=Meet Nigeria Chief of Army Staff since 1999 {{!}} The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/meet-nigeria-chief-of-army-staff-since-1999/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Azubuko Udah]] - Former Deputy-Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force * [[Basketmouth]] – comedian<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-11|title=Nigerians blast Basketmouth for defending Buhari|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nigerians-blasts-basketmouth-for-defending-buhari|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2019-08-23|title=Comedian Basketmouth shares adorable photo of his kids as they have fun in US|url=https://www.legit.ng/1255947-comedian-basketmouth-shares-adorable-photo-kids.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Benjamin Kalu]] – politician and member of the House of Representatives<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-28|title=Nigeria's security situation 'alarming', we're having sleepless nights - Reps|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/374761-nigerias-security-situation-alarming-were-having-sleepless-nights-reps.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Blessing Nwagba]] - Female Politician * [[Bob Nwannunu]] - Politician * [[Bright Chimezie]] – Highlife Musician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-15|title=Bright Chimezie, Former Church Instrumentalist Who Originated Zigima|url=https://thenet.ng/bright-chimezie-the-former-church-instrumentalist-who-originated-zigima-music/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-30|title=People said I was dead after I relocated from Lagos to Igboland - Bright Chimezie|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/people-said-i-was-dead-after-i-relocated-from-lagos-to-igboland-bright-chimezie/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Buchi Atuonwu]] - Gospel Artiste * [[Chelsea Eze]] – award-winning Nollywood actress<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Chelsea Eze's Biography and The Works That Brought Her To Fame|url=https://buzznigeria.com/chelsea-eze-biography-and-the-works-that-brought-her-to-fame/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chidi Imoh]] - Athlete * [[Chijioke Nwakodo]] - Politician * [[Chika Chukwumerije]] – Olympic Taekwondo Medalist (Beijing 2008); 3-time Olympian; first Black African Olympic Medalist in the Martial Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-24 |title=Taekwondo Day 4 Review: Debutants crowned in an eventful day - The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |access-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824143108/http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |archive-date=24 August 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taekwondo Olympic Medal Winners List - Men & Women |url=http://olympics.sporting99.com/olympic-records/taekwondo.html |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=olympics.sporting99.com}}</ref> * [[Chika Okeke-Agulu]] - Art historian. * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] – award-winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=The 20 Richest Actors in Nigeria and Their Net Worths|url=https://buzznigeria.com/the-20-richest-actors-in-nigeria-and-their-net-worths/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2020-01-10|title=Actor Chinedu Ikedieze shares photos of his multi-million naira mansion|url=https://www.legit.ng/1291943-nollywood-actor-chinedu-ikedieze-builds-a-multi-million-naira-mansion-video.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chinedum Enyinnaya Orji]] - Speaker of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Chinweizu Ibekwe]] - Renowned essayist, poet, and journalist. * [[Chinyere Almona]] – business executive<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ezugwu|first=Obinna|title=Chinyere Almona Emerges New LCCI Director General - Business Hallmark|url=https://hallmarknews.com/56097-2/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=hallmarknews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chinyere Kalu]] – Nigeria's first female pilot.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=I'm happy not sacrificing my family for career — Chinyere Kalu|url=https://punchng.com/im-happy-not-sacrificing-my-family-for-career-chinyere-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-27|title=Captain Chinyere Kalu; Nigeria's first female who flew a plane with water in the engine|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/captain-chinyere-kalu-nigerias-first-female-who-flew-a-plane-with-water-in-the-engine|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chioma Agomo]] - Academician and a Professor of Law. * [[Chioma Onyekwere]] – Nigeria's Discus Champion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-30|title=Eze Brume wins Long Jump, Onyekwere bags gold in Discuss|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/eze-brume-wins-long-jump-onyekwere-bags-gold-in-discuss/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chioma Toplis]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Chisom Chikatara]] - Professional Footballer * [[Christy Ucheibe]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Chuku Wachuku]] – Statesman and former Director-General of Nigeria's NDE: National Directorate of Employment<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-16|title=Abia Gov. inaugurates 23 commissioners {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/358044-abia-gov-inaugurates-23-commissioners.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-15|title=Gov. swears in 17 LG chairmen in Abia|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184521/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Christopher Kanu]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer. * [[Christopher Osondu]] - Former Navy Captain and Military Administrator of Cross River State * [[Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu]] - Former Minister of Labour and Productivity * [[Clifford Ohiagu]] - Politician * [[Daniel Kanu]] - Nigerian-American Politician. * [[Dike Chukwumerije]] – Award-winning Novelist, Poet, Public Speaker and Spoken-word artiste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Writing a New Nigeria - Meet the authors |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3H7X6d46c9JgnWQH7pMNw2m/meet-the-authors |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Listed on 100 most influential Africans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NWA Lists Their 100 Most Influential Nigerian Writers Under 40 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/01/nigerian-writers-awards-100-influential-nigerian-writers-list/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> * [[Ebitu Ukiwe]] – former Military Vice President; Former Governor of Niger and Lagos States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-04|title=Ukiwe: The Last Original at 80 -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2020/11/04/ukiwe-the-last-original-at-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-29|title=Kalu, Ukiwe, former MILADs pay tribute to late officer|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-ukiwe-former-milads-pay-tribute-to-late-officer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ejike Asiegbu]]- Nollywood Veteran actor<ref><nowiki>https://blueprint.ng/ejike-asiegbu-turner-isuon-where-are-they-now/</nowiki></ref> * [[Ejikeme Ikwunze]] - Sports Journalist * [[Emma Ugolee]] - Media Personality and Author * [[Emmanuel Acho]] - Former American Football Player; Analyst at Fox Sports 1 * [[Emeka Ananaba]] - Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Eni Njoku]] – pioneer Vice Chancellor, [[University of Lagos]] and first black Vice Chancellor, [[University of Nigeria]] Nsukka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=How crisis in UNILAG accelerated 1966 coup — Ben Nwabueze|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/how-crisis-in-unilag-accelerated-1966-coup/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Enyinnaya Abaribe]] – Senator and former Deputy Governor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-02|title=Ikpeazu replies Adeyemi on 'drunk' taunt, hails Abaribe|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ikpeazu-replies-adeyemi-on-drunk-taunt-hails-abaribe/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-01|title=Abaribe to Buhari: Stop giving excuses for failures|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/abaribe-to-buhari-stop-giving-excuses-for-failures/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi]] - Environmental biochemist, Soil Scientist, and Toxicologist * [[Ezinne Kalu]], Female Basketballer * [[Eziuche Ubani]] - Female Politician * [[Felix Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Fortunatus Nwachukwu]] - Catholic Prelate * [[Francis Ezeh]] - Professional Football Player * [[Godswill Obioma]] - Former National Examination Council Registrar * [[Ifu Ennada]] - Actress, Fashion Designer, and Former Big Brother Naija Housemate. * [[Iheanacho Obioma]] - Politician * [[IK Ogbonna]], Nollywood Actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=Sonia celebrates hubby, Ik Ogbonna on his birthday|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/sonia-celebrates-hubby-ik-ogbonna-birthday/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-01|title=IK Ogbonna Breaks Silence On Alleged Break-up With Wife|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/ik-ogbonna-breaks-silence-on-alleged-break-up-with-wife/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard Allure|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ike Ibeabuchi]], Professional Boxer. * [[Ike Nwachukwu]], military officer, former state governor, diplomat, former senator and former chairman of the governing board of [[Nigerian Institute of International Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Ike Nwachukwu: A bulging past with a long shadow|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/ike-nwachukwu-a-bulging-past-with-a-long-shadow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=Ike Nwachukwu @ 80 - The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ike-nwachukwu-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ikechi Uko]]- Renowned travel consultant * [[Ikechukwu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ikeogu Oke]] - Author, Journalist, and Award-winning Poet * [[Isaac Nwaobia]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ivy Uche Okoronkwo]] - First Female Deputy Inspector General of Police<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=Worthy Sons and Daughters of the Great Arochukwu Kingdom – Past and Present — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/worthy-sons-and-daughters-of-the-great-arochukwu-kingdom-past-and-present/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-25|title=Jonathan fires IGP, Abubakar steps in|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/01/jonathan-fires-igp-abubakar-steps-in/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[J. Martins]], Afro-pop artiste<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-17|title=J. Martins acquires Rolls Royce Phantom, G-Wagon 550|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/j-martins-acquires-rolls-royce-phantom-g-wagon-550/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='My father attempted to kill me thrice for becoming a musician' – J.Martins {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/my-father-attempted-to-kill-me-thrice-for-becoming-a-musician-j-martins/|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jaja Wachuku]] – First Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nigeria, First indigenous Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria and first Nigerian Permanent representative to the UN.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525075901/https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Joe Irukwu]] - Nigeria's First Professor of Insurance. * [[Joel Kachi Benson]], documentary film maker.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-11|title=My agenda for making Daughters of Chibok –Joel 'Kachi Benson|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/my-agenda-for-making-daughters-of-chibok-joel-kachi-benson/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[John Godson]] – Polish lawmaker and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wyborcza.pl|url=https://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/7,35136,21814379,john-godson-wrocil-do-afryki-hoduje-swinie-i-owce-chce-sciagnac.html?disableRedirects=true|access-date=2021-06-30|website=lodz.wyborcza.pl}}</ref> * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] – Nigeria's Military Officer and former Head of State.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Department|first=Abia State (Nigeria) Ministry of Information, Culture, and Sports Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VARSAQAAMAAJ&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Abia State Official Handbook: 1991-1997|date=1997|publisher=the Ministry|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Yakubu|first=Yusufu Abdullahi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3OPHhQ_HLsC&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Nigeria's Foreign Policy: A Basic Text|date=2014|publisher=Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited|isbn=978-978-125-467-3|language=en}}</ref> * [[Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku]] - Former Eze of Ngwa land. * [[Joyce Kalu]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Kalu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kalu Idika Kalu]] – former Finance Minister and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-05|title=Why I joined APC -Idika Kalu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-apc-idika-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-02|title=Kalu Idika's mum dies at 100|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-idikas-mum-dies-at-100/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kalu Ikeagwu]] - Movie Actor and Writer. * [[Kalu Ndukwe Kalu]] - Political scientist and Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science and National Security Policy at Auburn University * [[Kelechi Emeteole]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kenneth Omeruo]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Larry Gaaga]] - Renowned Songwriter and Music Producer * [[Linda Ejiofor]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Lukas Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Mao Ohuabunwa]], industrialist and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-18|title=Ohuabunwa tasks National Assembly on people's constitution|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184248/https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Mary Ikoku]] - Development Consultant * [[Mary Lazarus]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Martins Azubuike]] - Former Speaker of Abia State House of Assembly. * [[Michael Okpara]] – premier of Nigeria's Eastern Region from 1959 to 1966<ref>{{Cite web|last=Report|first=Agency|date=2021-06-02|title=Michael Okpara Centenary Holds Tomorrow|url=https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602023213/https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=Ogah Eulogises Late Dr. Michael Okpara's Leadership Style|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/06/05/ogah-eulogises-late-dr-michael-okparas-leadership-style/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mr Raw]] – [[Igbo rap]] music pioneer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-25|title=Where Are They Now - Mr Raw|url=https://thenet.ng/now-mr-raw/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-11|title=Why I changed my name from 'Nigga Raw' to 'Mr Raw' - Ukeje Edward|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/why-i-changed-my-name-from-nigga-raw-to-mr-raw-ukeje-edward/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nathan Kanu]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ndubuisi Kanu]] – Former Governor of Lagos State and old Imo State.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu life and times|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55646741|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=Update: Former Military Administrator of Lagos, Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu is dead|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/01/13/breaking-former-military-administrator-of-lagos-rear-admiral-ndubuisi-kanu-is-dead/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Ndubuisi Kanu: Thinker, Soldier, Sailor, Activist|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/18/ndubuisi-kanu-thinker-soldier-sailor-activist/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Njoku Nnamdi]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly *[[Nkechi Blessing Sunday]] - Nollywood actress *[[Nkechi Justina Nwaogu]] – Two Time Senator Abia Central Senatorial District and Immediate Past Pro Chancellor University of Calabar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Rahaman|date=2021-05-29|title=Senator Nkechi Nwaogu: Celebrating a mentor and great leader by Onyendi Victor|url=https://www.legit.ng/1417933-opinion-senator-nkechi-nwaogu-celebrating-mother-mentor-great-leader-her-new-age.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Nkiru Sylvanus]] - Awarding winning Nollywood actress * [[Nnamdi Kanu]] – founder of the [[Indigenous People of Biafra]] (IPOB), a separatist group.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-01|title=Be prepared to welcome independence of Biafra... - Nnamdi Kanu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/be-prepared-to-welcome-independence-of-biafra-in-no-distance-future-nnamdi-kanu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2021-06-08|title=I want to sit, talk with Nnamdi Kanu - Abia Gov, Ikpeazu|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/06/08/i-want-to-sit-talk-with-nnamdi-kanu-abia-gov-ikpeazu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nnamdi Udoh]] - Aeronautical Engineer * [[Ndubuisi Ekekwe]] - Notable Inventor * [[Nnenna Elendu Ukeje]] - Female Politician * [[Nwabueze Nwokolo]] - British Lawyer * [[Nwankwo Kanu]] – Two time African Footballer of the year and [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal FC]] legend.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanu: The lanky boy who shook the world at Atlanta '96 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17742/olympics/2016/08/04/26213082/kanu-the-lanky-boy-who-shook-the-world-at-atlanta-96|access-date=2021-06-30|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-13|title=Kanu Nwankwo confirms sale of Papilo FC|url=https://www.thecable.ng/kanu-nwankwo-confirms-selling-papilo-fc|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[OC Ukeje]] – Lagos-based Multiple Award Winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=The Top 50 Ultimate Nigerian Gentlemen of 2018|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/03/01/the-top-50-ultimate-nigerian-gentlemen-of-2018/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ogbugo Kalu]] - Renowned Army Officer. * [[Oji Umozurike]], professor of law<ref>{{cite web |last1=Umozurike |first1=U.O. |title=The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Suggestions for More Effectiveness |url=https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=annlsurvey |website=digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu |publisher=Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> * [[Ojo Maduekwe]] - Former Nigerian Politician. * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] – former Minister for Trade and Investment (2015–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|title=Nigerian Exporters Must Benefit From AGOA Before 2025—Minister|last=Emmanuel|first=Dayo|date=2018-06-29|website=National Wire|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20|archive-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220042013/https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Okezie Ikpeazu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/gov-ikpeazu-gives-recipe-for-national-development/|title=Gov Ikpeazu gives recipe for national development|website=Punch Newspapers|date=6 July 2019|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/371749-breaking-supreme-court-affirms-ikpeazus-election-as-abia-governor.html|title=Supreme Court affirms Ikpeazu's election as Abia governor|date=2020-01-08|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Abia State Governor * [[Olu Oguibe]] - Professor of art at the University of Connecticut and senior fellow at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC * [[Oluchi Onweagba]] - International model and first winner of M-Net Face of Africa * [[Onwuka Kalu]] - Business Mogul and co-founder of Fidelity Union Merchant Bank * [[Onyema Ogbuagu]] - Medical Researcher * [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] - First Executive Chairman of the Niger Delta Development Commission(NDDC) * [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] – chairman, [[SLOK Group]]; Former State Governor and one time Founder of [[Progressive Peoples Alliance|Progressive People's Alliance (PPA)]]; Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Kalu resumes duty at Senate after release from Kuje Correctional Centre|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/kalu-resumes-duty-at-senate-after-release-from-kuje-correctional-centre/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Atuma]] – Canadian-Nigerian actor, screenwriter, film producer, director and CEO/Chairman TABIC Record Label. born in Ikwuano Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=INTERVIEW: It took two years to produce 'Clash', says Pascal Atuma|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/interview-it-took-two-years-to-produce-clash-says-pascal-atuma/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=#EndSARS: Filmmaker Pascal Atuma hails Nigerian youths, pens open letter to Buhari|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/endsars-filmmaker-pascal-atuma-hails-nigerian-youths-pens-open-letter-to-buhari/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Ojigwe]] - Nigerian former professional footballer and Abia State Commissioner of Sports. * [[Paul Agbai Ogwuma]] – former Governor of Nigeria's Central Bank<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XwuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Newswatch|date=2008|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWEuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=The News|date=1998|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited|language=en}}</ref> * [[Randy Onuoha]], Professional Footballer. * [[Rosemary Inyama]] - Female Politician * [[Ruggedman]], Afro-Rap artiste.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-29|title=Ruggedman… Conscious vibes of rap apostle|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182744/https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-17|title=Why I declined being running mate to Abia gov candidate, says Ruggedman|url=https://punchng.com/why-i-declined-being-running-mate-to-abia-gov-candidate-says-ruggedman/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[2Shotz]], AfroRap Artiste<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Alim|first1=H. Samy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xWOAgAAQBAJ&dq=2Shotz+Abia+-wikipedia&pg=PA120|title=Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Awad|last3=Pennycook|first3=Alastair|author3-link=Alastair Pennycook|date=October 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59299-8|language=en}}</ref> * [[Sam Acho]] - ESPN Sports Analyst and Veteran American Football Player. * [[Sam Ohuabunwa]] - Founder of Neimeth Pharmaceutical and Former President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria * [[Samuel Achilefu]] – Notable Inventor<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holmes|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoQvforsFZsC&q=Samuel+Achilefu+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Black Inventors: Crafting Over 200 Years of Success|date=May 2012|publisher=Global Black Inventor Resea|isbn=978-0-9799573-1-4|language=en}}</ref> * [[Samuel Chukwueze]] – Nigeria National Team football player<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-05|title=Samuel Chukwueze: Profile, Expert Analysis, Tactical Overview & Video|url=https://www.101greatgoals.com/news/samuel-chukwueze-profile-expert-analysis-tactical-overview-video/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Football (soccer) greatest goals and highlights {{!}} 101 Great Goals|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adedayo|first=Tolu|date=2021-04-06|title=Top 5 Nigerian Footballers Playing in Europe's finest Leagues|url=https://www.brila.net/top-5-nigerian-footballers-playing-in-europes-finest-leagues/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Samuel Kalu]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer.<ref><nowiki>https://guardian.ng/samuel-kalu-is-latest-nigerian-in-watford-fc/</nowiki></ref> * [[Sunday Mba]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer *[[Theodore Orji]] – former State Governor and a serving Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=Senator T.A Orji Emerges Best Performing Lawmaker In the National Assembly — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/senator-t-a-orji-emerges-best-performing-lawmaker-in-the-national-assembly/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Jombo]], award-winning Nollywood actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Uche Jombo Glows @40|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/04/uche-jombo-glows-40/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Macebuh Chinonyerem]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Mike Ezuruonye]] – Award-winning Nollywood actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-10|title=Brother Jekwu: Mike Ezuruonye's first fruit as a producer|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184252/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Nwakanwa Chimaobi]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uche Chukwumerije]] – 3-time Senator of Fed Rep of Nigeria; Former Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture; Former Biafran Minister of Information; Publisher Afriscope Magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-22 |title=Uche Chukwumerije (1939-2015) |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uche-chukwumerije-1939-2015-2/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Elendu]] - Nollywood actress * [[Uche Okechukwu]] – former Nigerian Team footballer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-21|title=Uche Okechukwu, Ifejiagwa launch football academy|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181522/https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah]] – Businessman and Politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-18|title=Why Abians Yearn for Uche Ogah|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/11/18/why-abians-yearn-for-uche-ogah-2/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Ikonne]] – Academic and Public Administrator<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administration – Abia State University Uturu|url=https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|access-date=2021-09-14|website=absuu.net|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914103446/https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Kanu]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ude Oko Chukwu]] - Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Uko Nkole]] - Politician<ref><nowiki>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uko_Nkole#:~:text=Uko%20Ndukwe%20Nkole%20(born%2020,of%20the%20Nigerian%20National%20Assembly</nowiki>.</ref> * [[Uma Ukpai]] – evangelist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=Biafra agitators are mad people, says Uma Ukpai|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biafra-agitators-are-mad-people-says-uma-ukpai/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Umeh Kalu]] - Former Commissioner of Justice for Abia State. * [[Uzo Asonye]] - Partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell * [[Uzodinma Iweala]] – US-based medical doctor and author of the book ''[[Beasts of No Nation]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Egbedi|first=Hadassah|date=2015-10-16|title=Exclusive interview with Uzodinma Iweala, author, Beasts of No Nation|url=https://venturesafrica.com/exclusive-interview-with-uzodinma-iweala-author-beasts-of-no-nation/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uzoma Emenike]]- Nigeria's Ambassador to the United States of America. * [[Victoria Inyama]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Vincent Eze Ogbulafor]] - Former National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party * [[Waconzy]] - Musician * [[Yagazie Emezi]] - Award-winning photojournalist<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-19 |title=Yagazie Emezi |url=https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Invisible Borders |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127025157/https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yvonne Okoro]] - Ghanaian-Nigerian actress <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abia}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] lw5keglyevis8ytcj738imgjlx8wv97 551830 551825 2024-12-04T18:36:46Z Fula boy 26426 Fixed grammar 551830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Abịa State University Mountain.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar jihar abia.]] [[File:RoughPlay.jpg|thumb|mutanen abia a bukukuwan al'ada.]] [[File:Renovated Abia State House of Assembly.jpg|thumb|Majalissar dokokin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Tambarin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia state tower.jpg|thumb|Abia]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 10.jpg|thumb|sarakunan gargajiya]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 04.jpg|thumb|Al'adu]] [[File:Man pushing a wheelbarrow - Abia state.jpg|thumb|kasuwanni a wani karni]] '''Jihar Abiya''' [[Jiha]] ce dake yankin Kudu maso Gabashin [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] wacce ta hada iyaka daga arewa, da kuma arewa maso kudu da jihohin [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]; sai kuma yamma da Jihar [[Imo]], Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan da suka fi kowanne yawan jama'a a garin: '''A'''ba, '''B'''ende, '''I'''suikwuato, da kuma '''A'''rochukwu.<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> Babban birnin jihar itace [[Umuahia]]<ref>Umuahia - Wikipedia </ref>, a yayin da [[Aba]]<ref>Aba, Nigeria - Wikipedia</ref> ta kasance mafi girma kuma cibiyar kasuwancin garin.<ref>"Aba | History & Facts | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abia_State_coat_of_arms]] Acikin jihohi 36 na [[Najeriya]], [[Abia]] itace ta 32 a fadin kasa kuma na 27 a yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane akalla '''3,720,000''' a bisa kidayar shekara ta [[2016]].<ref>"Figure 1. Map of abia State showing the 17 local government areas". ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, jihar ta kasu zuwa kashi biyu, [[Niger Delta swamp forests]] daga karshen kudancin garin, da kuma busasshen yanayi na [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] da yanayi savanna a sauran sassan garin. Sauran muhimman yankunan garin sun hada da Rafukan [[Imo River|Imo]] and [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wadanda ke kwarara ta yammaci da kudancin iyakar Abiya. Akwai yaruka da dama da suke zaune a Jihar Abiya a yau, musamman [[Inyamurai]]. A lokacin mulkin [[turawa]], yankin Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin yankin mutanen [[Arochukwu]] na Daular Aro kafin a turawa su ci su da yaki a Yakin [[Yakin Anglo-Aro]] a farkon karni na 1900. Turawa sun mamaye yankin bayan yakin, kuma suka sanya ta cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya karkashin kariyar Turawa, wacce daga baya aka hadeta cikin yankin Najeriya ta Mulkin Burtaniya; bayan an hade ta, Jihar Abiya ta zamo cibiyar adawa ga mulkin mallaka turawa wanda ya janyo yakin mata da aka fara a [[Oloko]]. Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya , har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka rarraba yankin zuwa yankin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan faruwar hakan, tsohuwar yankin na Gashin Najeriya ta jawo yakin basasa na tsawon shekaru uku a Najeriya, tare da Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan tawaye na [[Biyafara]]. Bayan yakin ya kare kuma an sake hade yankunan a Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya har zuwa 1976 lokacin da [[Murtala Mohammed]] ya samar da sabuwar Jihar [[Imo]] (wacce ta hada da JIhar Abiya a cikin ta). Bayan shekaru sha biyar, an sake raba Jihar Imo inda aka cire gabashin Imo don samar da Jihar Abiya; amma a shekarar 1996, an sake raba jihar Abiya inda aka samar da Jihar [[Ebonyi]] ta yau.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Jihar Abiya ta ta'allaka a samar da man-fetur da natural gas dadi da noma, musamman na doya, masara, taro, man-ja da rogo. Akwai kamfanoni sarrafe-sarrafe musamman a yankin Aba.<ref>"Abia". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Dangane da saurin habakar ta a fuskar yawan jama'a da masanaantu, Abiya ta shiga na 8 daga cikin jerin cigaban al'umma a Najeriya.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[Fayil:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abiya state coat of arm]] Tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 6,320 da yawan jama’a milyan biyu da dubu dari takwas da talatin da uku da dari tara da tisa'in da tara (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Umuahia]]. [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Ude Okochukwu]]. Dattijan jihar su ne: [[Eyinnaya Abaribe]], [[Theodore A. Orji]] da [[Mao Ohuabunwa]]<ref>https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Abia/Brief-History-of-Abia-State.html</ref><ref>https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Abia_State,_Nigeria_Genealogy</ref>. == Labarin kasa == Jihar Abiya wacce ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 6,320sqkm, ta hada iyaka daga kudu da kudu maso gabas da jihohin [[Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]. Jihar [[Imo]] daga yamma, Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas da kuma Jihar [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Sashin kudancin garin na fuskantar ruwan sama mai karfi na kimanin 2,400 millimetres (94 in) a duk shekara, kuma yafi karfi a tsakanin watannin Aprelu zuwa Octoba.<ref>"abia". ''www.usafricaonline.com''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Rafuka mafi muhimmanci a jihar sune; [[Imo River|Imo]] da Kogin [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wanda ke kwarara acikin tekun Atlantic ta jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>Nigeria, Media (22 March 2018). "Major Rivers In Abia state". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 13 February2022.</ref> == Tarihi da yawan jama'a == Abiya na daga cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya kuma tana da kananan hukumomi guda 17. An kafa jihar Abiya a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991, a lokacin mulkin General [[Ibrahim Babangida]]. Jihar na zaune a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An samar da jihar Abiya daga cikin jihar Imo kuma jihohin biyu sun hada iyaka. Jihar Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan Niger Delta. Babba birnin jihar itace Abiya, sannan ana mata lakabi da '''''[[Abiya|GOD’s OWN STATE]]'''.'' Jihar Abiya ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan ta hudu da sukafi ko ina yawa wato: [[Aba, Abia|Aba]], [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]], [[Isuikwuato]], da [[Afikpo]].<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria | AllNigeriaInfo". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref><ref>"Abia State history". Abia-union.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Jihar Abiya jiha ce ta Inyamurai kuma da yaren Igbonci ake magana a garin. Inyamurai ne suka cike kusan kaso '''95%''' na yawan mutanen garin.<ref>"Enugu State". Igbofocus.co.uk. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Sannan haka zalika ana amfani da harshen turanci a garin, kuma shine matsayin yaren gwamnati da kuma cinikayya. A jihar Abiya, fiye da mutum miliyan 7 kiristoci ne.<ref>"Abia | state, Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</ref> == Tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa == Samar da man-fetur da gas sune muhimman tattalin arzikin Jihar Abiya, wanda yake wakiltan kaso 39% na kudaden shiga (GDP) na Jihar.<ref name=":0">Nigeria's 36 States and the FCT, Economic, societal and political profiles, World Bank Report</ref> Amma duk da haka kwararan kamfanonin gida na jihar dangane da shirin Marginal Fields Programme (MFP)- na samun karancin kudade da zai basu damar hakan mai a rijiyoyi kusan 50 dake jihar.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Masana'antun kere-kere na wakiltar kudaden shiga kashi 2% kacal.<ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar masana'antun Jihar Abia na nan a birnin Aba, wanda suka hada da kamfanonin sarrafa magunguna, sabulai, robobi, siminti, takalma da kuma kayan kwalliya.<ref name=":1">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abia". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. I (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 32. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8|<bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi>]].</ref> Bugu da kari, Jihar Abiya ta samar da wurin taro na kasa da kasa mai daukan mutum akalla 9000 a babban birnin Umuahia. Gwamna [[Theodore Orji|T.A Orji]] ya gina wannan katafaren wuri don bunkasa tattalin arziki ta hanyar tarar baki a tarukan kasa da kasa ko kuma na gida Najeriya da kuma masu yawan bude idanu a Jihar. Noma na wakiltar kaso 27% na kudaden shiga na Jihar (GDP), kuma ta samar da aiki ga kaso 70% na mutanen garin.<ref name=":0" /> Dangane da ruwan sama mai yawa a Jihar, Abiya na da kasar noma mai kyau kuma suna noman doya, masara, dankali shinkafa, kashuw, plantain, taro da kuma rogo.<ref name=":1" /> Kwakwan manja ya kasance muhimmin kayan masarufi na siyarwa a Jihar.<ref name=":1" /> === Hako Man-fetur da Gas === Akwai akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 100 da kuma masarrafu guda uku a jihar Abiya.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref><ref name=":3">"Vanguard, Nigeria (7 August 2012). "Our problem is poor funding – ASOPADEC Chairman". ''vanguardngr.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Akwai kuma masarrafar gas na "Abia/NNPC gas plant".<ref name=":3" /> Yi zuwa shekara ta 2012, cibiyar boundary C ta sanar da cewa ta maido da rijiyoyin mai 42 daga Jihar Rivers zuwa Abiya.<ref name=":3" /> Hakan na nufin cewa, Jihar Abiya ta zamo na hudu a samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> Mashahuriyar kamfanin man fetur wato [[Shell Nigeria|Shell]], ke da mallakin mafiya yawan rijiyoyin man da ke Jihar, kuma ta ware kusan guda 50 wanda ake dauka a matsayin mafi muhimmanci. Jihar tana samar da 36,000 barrels na man-fetur a duk rana; "Imoturu na samar da barrel 23,000 a duk rana; a yayin da ita kuma tashar man-fetur na Isimili ke samar da fiye da ganga 8,000 a duk rana.<ref name=":3" /> Akwai rijiyoyin mai guda 4 a yankin mabubbugan Izaku zuwa Obigo. Akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 30 suna kwarara zuwa Umuri sannan kuma akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 8 suna kwarara daga Umurie zuwa Afam" kamar yadda Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman na Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). Amma duk da haka, jihar na kukan rashin isasshen kudi daga kudaden da ake samu na man fetur daga Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref name=":3" /> == Matsalolin Muhalli == === Bola === Kungiyar kula da muhalli wato Municipal solid waste management (MSWM), ke da alhakin kwashe shara da tattara ta, da zubar da ita don tabbatar da cewa bata cutar da mutane ba. Akwai matsaloli da dama da suke jawo tara shara a yankuna birane, wanda suka hada da yanayin samun kudi, yanayin sararin samaniya, birane da kuma habakar tattalin arziki.<ref>Ezechi, Ezerie Henry; Nwabuko, Chima George; Enyinnaya, Ogbonna Chidi; Babington, Chibunna John (September 2017). "Municipal solid waste management in Aba, Nigeria: Challenges and prospects". ''Environmental Engineering Research''. '''22'''(3): 231–236. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.4491/eer.2017.100. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 1226-1025.</ref> Ma'aikatar MSW a jihar Abiya ta kasu kashi uku; # Sharar gida (shara daga gidaje, wuraren cin abinci, kasuwanni da sauran wuraren cinikayya) # Sharar Masana'antu (wanda suka hada da abubuwa masu cutarwa wanda ke bukatar kulawa ta musamman) # Sharar Ma'aikatu (wannan sun hada da shara daga ma'aikatun gwamnati, makarantu, asibitoci da wuraren shakatawa) == Ma'adanan Jihar Abiya == * [[Zinari|Zinare]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-21 |title=Mineral Resources |url=https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Official Website of Abia State Government |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124172412/https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Zinare|Lead/Zinc]]<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> * Oil/gas<ref name=":0" /> * [[Salt]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria|url=https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/about-nigeria/natural-resources/|access-date=2022-02-12|language=en-US}}</ref> * Kaolin<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> == Jami'oi da Kwalejoji == Akwai jami'oi shida a jihar, akwai na gwamnatin tarayya wato Michael Okpara University of Agriculture a [[Umudike]],<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Abia State University a [[Uturu]], akwai kuma ta 'yan kasuwa Gregory University dake Uturu,<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Rhema University a [[Abia]],<ref>"List of Courses Offered by Rhema University". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Spiritan University a Umu Nneochi da kuma Clifford University da ke [[Owerrinta]]. Akwai kuma kwalejin Ilimi na Abiya dake [[Arochukwu]], akwai kuma kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya dake Aba. [[Temple Gate Polytechnic]] dake a Aba, da kuma [[Abia State Polytechnic]].<ref>"List of Courses Offered at Abia State Polytechnic". ''Nigerian Scholars''. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin sama mafi kusa a Jihar Abiya itace tashar [[Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport]] (Tashar Jirgin sama na Owerri), tafiyar sa'a daya na iya kai mutum i zuwa [[Umuahia]], [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] kuma tafiyar sa'a biyu ne zuwa Tashar jirgin saman [[Port Harcourt International Airport]]. Za'a iya ziyartar tashar jirgin sama na [[Akwa Ibom Airport]] (dake [[Akwa Ibom]]). Akwai nisan kimanin kilomita 73.28 (45.53 mi) a tsakanin Birnin Uyo (''Akwa Ibom'') da Birnin [[Umuahia]] (Abia). Har wayau, akwai kuma tashar jirgin kasa wacce ake zirga-zirga ta hanyoyinta, amma ana kan gyaranta a yanzu. Aba ta hade da jihar Porthacourt ta titin jirgin kasa. Birnin Umuahia ta hade da Aba da Enugu ta titin jirgin kasa. Ana iya zirga zirga ta yankunan ruwayen garin akan jirgin ruwa ko kwale-kwale. == Yaruka == A kasa akwai jerin harsuna da ake amfani dasu a Jihar Abiya dangane da kananan hukumominsu:<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Arochukwu || Inyamuranci |- | Ini || Inyamuranci |- | Obi Ngwa || Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia South||Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia North||Inyamuranci |- |Ikwuano||Inyamuranci |- |Isiukwato||Inyamuranci |- |Ukwa West||Inyamuranci |- |Aba South||Inyamuranci |- |Aba North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa South||Inyamuranci |- |Obingwa||Inyamuranci |- |Umunneochi||Inyamuranci |- | Ugwunagbo || Inyamuranci |- | Ukwa East || Inyamuranci |} == Siyasa == Gwamnan jihar shi ke gudanar da harkokin siyasa a jihar tare da taimakon mukarrabansa na majalisar dokokin jihar. Babban birnin Jihar itace [[Umuahia]].<ref>"Umuahia | Location, Facts, & Population | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Akwai kananan hukumomi 17 a jihar. A lokacin da ta zamo jiha a 1991, shugaban kasa [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya nada jagoran yankin wato [[Frank Ajobena]] kafin a zabi [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] a matsayin gwamna a Tarayyar Najeriya ta uku. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, shugabankasa [[Sani Abacha]] ya kawo karshen Tarayyar Najeriya ta Uku (Third Republic) kuma ya tilasta mulkin soja a ko ina. A zamanin mulkin Abacha, an sake nada mutane uku ([[Chinyere Ike Nwosu]], [[Temi Ejoor]], da kuma [[Moses Fasanya]]) har zuwa lokacin da Abacha ya mutu shi kuma [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya cigaba da mulki. Abubakar ya sake nada mai gudanarwa soja [[Anthony Obi]], kafin a fara aiki da dimukradiyya a shekarar 1998. A 1999, [[Najeriya]] ta cigaba da bin tsarin dimukradiyya kuma an zabi [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] a matsayin gwamna a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999. A sabon zabe a shekara ta 2003, Kalu ya sake fitowa takarar gwamna kuma an sake zabar sa har zuwa shekara ta 2007 inda wa'adinsa na wa'adi biyu suka zo karshe. [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Progressive Peoples Alliance|PPA]]) yayi nasarar kayar da [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] (PDP) a zaben gwmanan jihar Abiya a 2007. A zaben shekara ta 2011, Theodore Orji ya fice daga jam'iyyar PPA zuwa jam'iyyar PDP bayan nan a sake zaben shi don komawa wa'adi na biyu a matsayin gwamna. A zaben shekara ta 2015, an zabi [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] (PDP) a matsayin gwamnan jihar Abiya na tara.<ref>INEC Declares Ikpeazu Winner Of Abia Governorship Election</ref> Ya sake yin nasara a zaben shekara ta 2015, inda ya kayar da [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah|Uche Ogah]] na jam'iyyar APC da [[Alex Otti]] na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] kuma an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2019. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Abia nada [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] guda goma sha bakwai (17), Sune: #[[Aba ta Arewa]] #[[Aba ta Kudu]] #[[Arochukwu]] #[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] #[[Ikwuano]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Arewa]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Kudu]] #[[Isuikwuato]] #[[Obi Ngwa]] #[[Ohafia]] #[[Osisioma Ngwa]] #[[Ugwunagbo]] #[[Ukwa ta Gabas]] #[[Ukwa ta Yamma]] #[[Umuahia ta Arewa]] #[[Umuahia ta Kudu]] #[[Umu Nneochi]] == Sarakunan Jihar == {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" |- ! Mukami || Ethnic Group || Suna || Class || Karamar Hukuma || Fada |- | ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Eziama Aba || Eze Issac Ikonne || 1 || Aba ta Arewa || Osusu Aba |- | ''Ochiudo 1 na Aba Ukwu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Jonathan U. oguejiofor (JP): Alkalin Zaman Lafiya na Tarayyar Nijeriya, Jihar Abia || || || |- | ''Osimiri III na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Eze (Barrister) Sunday Emejiaka || 1 || [[Aba ta Kudu]] || Aba |- | ''Eze Aro'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Arochukwu]] || Mazi Ogbonnaya Vincent Okoro (Eze Aro III) || 1 || [[Arochukwu]] || Oro Arochukwu |- | ''Ugwumba 1 na Ndida Ozaar'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Asa || Eze Samuel Chukwuemeka Agu || || [[Ukwa ta Yamma]] || Umuebulungwu, Ndida Ozaar |- | ''Ike 1 na Ikeisu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Isu people|Isu]] || Augustine O. Igwe (Ike I) || ? || [[Arochukwu]] || Ikeisu (Utugiyi) |- | ''Ezeala III na Aro Ngwa'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aro people|Aro Ngwa]] || Eze Edward Enwereji || ? || [[Osisioma Ngwa]] || |- | ''Ugo Oha'' (''Eze'') na Etiti Mgboko Umuanunu || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Etiti || Ngozi Ibekwe || 1 || Obi ngwa || ? | |- '' | ''Eze'' 1 na ovukwu abam onyerubi || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Ndi oji Abam]] || Oriji Ojembe || 1 || [[Isuikwuato]] || ? |- | ''Eze Ukwu 1'' of Ngwa-Ukwu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Ngwa || Benard Enweremadu || 1 ||Isiala Ngwa || Ngwa Ukwu Kingdom. The ancestral home of Ngwa Land. |- | Nya 1 of Nunya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Oguduasaa || M.E. Ihevume || ? || Isuikwuato ||Nunya Autonomous Community |- | ''Ossah-Ibeku'' (''Eze'') of Umuahia<ref name=":2">Chairman of the Abia State Council of Traditional Rulers</ref>|| [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Osaa ||HRH Nze Hope Onuigbo || X || X || Umuahia Amibo, Nsukwe |- | ''Eze'' of Uturu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Uturu]] || A.E. Ude || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Uturu |- | ''Igbojiakuru'' (Eze) of Alayi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Alayi]] || Ukeje Philip || ? || [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]] || [[Alayi|Ndi Elendu, Amaeke Alayi]] |- | ''Awu'' (''Eze'')of Isuamawu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] || Surveyor Chris E Aboh,FNIS || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Eluama Isuama |- Eze of Obun || ? || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') of Aba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / ? || Eze Issac Ikonne || || || |- |- Eze of Obunebere || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- | ''Enachioken'' Of Abiriba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Abiriba]] ||Kalu Kalu Ogbu || 1 || [[Ohafia]] || Abiriba |- | ''Ohanyere I'' Of Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umuahia]] ||Eze Abel E. Uhuegbue || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Eze Ohanyere I'' Of Ahiaba Ubi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Isiala Ngwa ||Eze D.O. Ogbuisi || ? || [[Isiala Ngwa North]] || Abia |- | ''EZE TOWE 1 of umutowe. || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Eze G. C Onwuka || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Ome Udo II'' Of Umueze, Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Okaa Omee I'' of Amaikwu, Abia || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- |"Ehi II" of Ehi na Uguru Auto. Comm, Umuguru || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Umuguru ||Eze E. E. Eluwa || 1 || [[Isiala Ngwa South]] || |- |"Ochi 1" of Ochi na Isuochi. Comm, Umunneochi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umu Nneochi]] ||HRM EZEKWESIRI || 1 || [[Umu Nneochi]] || Abia |} == Al'adu da wuraren bude idanu == * [[Arochukwu]] wacce ke da alaka da cinikayyar bayi * Azumini Blue River waterside * The Amakama wooden cave; wani rami a jikin bishiya dake iya daukan mutum 20 * Kogo da ke arewa, sun hada da Umu – Neochi zuwa Arochukwu. * Rawar al'ada da gargajiya * [[National War Museum, Umuahia]] da [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu|Ojukwu]] Bunker a Umuahia * Wurin tarihin mulkin mallakan turawa na ABiya * Akwete” wuri saqa kaya a karamar hukumar Ukwu ta gabas * Masu rawar yakin [[Ohafia]] * Bikin tunawa da AmaforIsingwu biannual Iza aha * Bikin Akpe Festival a Umuahia == Sanannun mutane == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> * [[Abai Ikwechegh]] - Jurist * [[Acho Nwakanma]] - Politician, and Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani]] – novelist and essayist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-05|title=The Power of a Name, By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/154689-power-name-adaobi-tricia-nwaubani.html|access-date=2021-06-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Adolphus Wabara]] - Former Senate President of Nigeria. * [[Akwaeke Emezi]] – novelist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-21|title=Young Nigerian writers shaping the world|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-nigerian-writers-shaping-the-world/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Mascot Ikwechegh]], politician, businessman and philanthropist<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Politician and Philanthropist Chief Alex Ikwechegh Marks Birthday, Receives Global Accolades|url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/35839/nigeria-politician-and-philanthropist-chief-alex.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> * [[Alexx Ekubo]], Nollywood actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=Where Is Alexx Ekubo From? – Biography And Ethnicity Of The Nollywood Big Boy|url=https://buzznigeria.com/where-is-alexx-ekubo-from-biography-and-ethnicity-of-the-nollywood-big-boy/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Otti]] - Former Group Managing Director of Diamond Bank PLC. * [[Alvan Ikoku]], OBE educationist (1900–1971)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chris|date=2021-06-12|title=Abia College Names Library After Alvan Ikoku|url=https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140011/https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Anthony Eze Enwereuzor]] - Politician Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Anya Oko Anya]], technocrat and academic<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=The sun awards 2016: …The winners|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/the-sun-awards-2016-the-winners/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ashley Nwosu]] - Former Nigerian Actor * [[Arunma Oteh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/arunma-oteh/|title=Arunma Oteh|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/after-leaving-world-bank-arunma-oteh-appointed-into-ecobank-board|title=After leaving World Bank, Arunma Oteh appointed into Ecobank board|date=2019-01-18|website=TheCable|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Former World Bank Vice President and Treasurer. * [[Azubuike Ihejirika]] – Lt. General and former Chief of Army Staff<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akinola|first=Wale|date=2021-01-27|title=Buratai, 9 former Nigeria Chief of Army Staff who served between 1999 and 2021|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400012-meet-10-nigeria-chief-army-staff-served-1999-2021.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-27|title=Meet Nigeria Chief of Army Staff since 1999 {{!}} The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/meet-nigeria-chief-of-army-staff-since-1999/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Azubuko Udah]] - Former Deputy-Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force * [[Basketmouth]] – comedian<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-11|title=Nigerians blast Basketmouth for defending Buhari|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nigerians-blasts-basketmouth-for-defending-buhari|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2019-08-23|title=Comedian Basketmouth shares adorable photo of his kids as they have fun in US|url=https://www.legit.ng/1255947-comedian-basketmouth-shares-adorable-photo-kids.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Benjamin Kalu]] – politician and member of the House of Representatives<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-28|title=Nigeria's security situation 'alarming', we're having sleepless nights - Reps|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/374761-nigerias-security-situation-alarming-were-having-sleepless-nights-reps.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Blessing Nwagba]] - Female Politician * [[Bob Nwannunu]] - Politician * [[Bright Chimezie]] – Highlife Musician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-15|title=Bright Chimezie, Former Church Instrumentalist Who Originated Zigima|url=https://thenet.ng/bright-chimezie-the-former-church-instrumentalist-who-originated-zigima-music/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-30|title=People said I was dead after I relocated from Lagos to Igboland - Bright Chimezie|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/people-said-i-was-dead-after-i-relocated-from-lagos-to-igboland-bright-chimezie/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Buchi Atuonwu]] - Gospel Artiste * [[Chelsea Eze]] – award-winning Nollywood actress<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Chelsea Eze's Biography and The Works That Brought Her To Fame|url=https://buzznigeria.com/chelsea-eze-biography-and-the-works-that-brought-her-to-fame/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chidi Imoh]] - Athlete * [[Chijioke Nwakodo]] - Politician * [[Chika Chukwumerije]] – Olympic Taekwondo Medalist (Beijing 2008); 3-time Olympian; first Black African Olympic Medalist in the Martial Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-24 |title=Taekwondo Day 4 Review: Debutants crowned in an eventful day - The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |access-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824143108/http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |archive-date=24 August 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taekwondo Olympic Medal Winners List - Men & Women |url=http://olympics.sporting99.com/olympic-records/taekwondo.html |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=olympics.sporting99.com}}</ref> * [[Chika Okeke-Agulu]] - Art historian. * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] – award-winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=The 20 Richest Actors in Nigeria and Their Net Worths|url=https://buzznigeria.com/the-20-richest-actors-in-nigeria-and-their-net-worths/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2020-01-10|title=Actor Chinedu Ikedieze shares photos of his multi-million naira mansion|url=https://www.legit.ng/1291943-nollywood-actor-chinedu-ikedieze-builds-a-multi-million-naira-mansion-video.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chinedum Enyinnaya Orji]] - Speaker of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Chinweizu Ibekwe]] - Renowned essayist, poet, and journalist. * [[Chinyere Almona]] – business executive<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ezugwu|first=Obinna|title=Chinyere Almona Emerges New LCCI Director General - Business Hallmark|url=https://hallmarknews.com/56097-2/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=hallmarknews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chinyere Kalu]] – Nigeria's first female pilot.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=I'm happy not sacrificing my family for career — Chinyere Kalu|url=https://punchng.com/im-happy-not-sacrificing-my-family-for-career-chinyere-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-27|title=Captain Chinyere Kalu; Nigeria's first female who flew a plane with water in the engine|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/captain-chinyere-kalu-nigerias-first-female-who-flew-a-plane-with-water-in-the-engine|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chioma Agomo]] - Academician and a Professor of Law. * [[Chioma Onyekwere]] – Nigeria's Discus Champion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-30|title=Eze Brume wins Long Jump, Onyekwere bags gold in Discuss|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/eze-brume-wins-long-jump-onyekwere-bags-gold-in-discuss/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chioma Toplis]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Chisom Chikatara]] - Professional Footballer * [[Christy Ucheibe]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Chuku Wachuku]] – Statesman and former Director-General of Nigeria's NDE: National Directorate of Employment<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-16|title=Abia Gov. inaugurates 23 commissioners {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/358044-abia-gov-inaugurates-23-commissioners.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-15|title=Gov. swears in 17 LG chairmen in Abia|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184521/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Christopher Kanu]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer. * [[Christopher Osondu]] - Former Navy Captain and Military Administrator of Cross River State * [[Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu]] - Former Minister of Labour and Productivity * [[Clifford Ohiagu]] - Politician * [[Daniel Kanu]] - Nigerian-American Politician. * [[Dike Chukwumerije]] – Award-winning Novelist, Poet, Public Speaker and Spoken-word artiste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Writing a New Nigeria - Meet the authors |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3H7X6d46c9JgnWQH7pMNw2m/meet-the-authors |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Listed on 100 most influential Africans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NWA Lists Their 100 Most Influential Nigerian Writers Under 40 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/01/nigerian-writers-awards-100-influential-nigerian-writers-list/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> * [[Ebitu Ukiwe]] – former Military Vice President; Former Governor of Niger and Lagos States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-04|title=Ukiwe: The Last Original at 80 -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2020/11/04/ukiwe-the-last-original-at-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-29|title=Kalu, Ukiwe, former MILADs pay tribute to late officer|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-ukiwe-former-milads-pay-tribute-to-late-officer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ejike Asiegbu]]- Nollywood Veteran actor<ref><nowiki>https://blueprint.ng/ejike-asiegbu-turner-isuon-where-are-they-now/</nowiki></ref> * [[Ejikeme Ikwunze]] - Sports Journalist * [[Emma Ugolee]] - Media Personality and Author * [[Emmanuel Acho]] - Former American Football Player; Analyst at Fox Sports 1 * [[Emeka Ananaba]] - Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Eni Njoku]] – pioneer Vice Chancellor, [[University of Lagos]] and first black Vice Chancellor, [[University of Nigeria]] Nsukka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=How crisis in UNILAG accelerated 1966 coup — Ben Nwabueze|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/how-crisis-in-unilag-accelerated-1966-coup/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Enyinnaya Abaribe]] – Senator and former Deputy Governor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-02|title=Ikpeazu replies Adeyemi on 'drunk' taunt, hails Abaribe|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ikpeazu-replies-adeyemi-on-drunk-taunt-hails-abaribe/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-01|title=Abaribe to Buhari: Stop giving excuses for failures|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/abaribe-to-buhari-stop-giving-excuses-for-failures/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi]] - Environmental biochemist, Soil Scientist, and Toxicologist * [[Ezinne Kalu]], Female Basketballer * [[Eziuche Ubani]] - Female Politician * [[Felix Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Fortunatus Nwachukwu]] - Catholic Prelate * [[Francis Ezeh]] - Professional Football Player * [[Godswill Obioma]] - Former National Examination Council Registrar * [[Ifu Ennada]] - Actress, Fashion Designer, and Former Big Brother Naija Housemate. * [[Iheanacho Obioma]] - Politician * [[IK Ogbonna]], Nollywood Actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=Sonia celebrates hubby, Ik Ogbonna on his birthday|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/sonia-celebrates-hubby-ik-ogbonna-birthday/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-01|title=IK Ogbonna Breaks Silence On Alleged Break-up With Wife|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/ik-ogbonna-breaks-silence-on-alleged-break-up-with-wife/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard Allure|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ike Ibeabuchi]], Professional Boxer. * [[Ike Nwachukwu]], military officer, former state governor, diplomat, former senator and former chairman of the governing board of [[Nigerian Institute of International Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Ike Nwachukwu: A bulging past with a long shadow|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/ike-nwachukwu-a-bulging-past-with-a-long-shadow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=Ike Nwachukwu @ 80 - The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ike-nwachukwu-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ikechi Uko]]- Renowned travel consultant * [[Ikechukwu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ikeogu Oke]] - Author, Journalist, and Award-winning Poet * [[Isaac Nwaobia]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ivy Uche Okoronkwo]] - First Female Deputy Inspector General of Police<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=Worthy Sons and Daughters of the Great Arochukwu Kingdom – Past and Present — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/worthy-sons-and-daughters-of-the-great-arochukwu-kingdom-past-and-present/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-25|title=Jonathan fires IGP, Abubakar steps in|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/01/jonathan-fires-igp-abubakar-steps-in/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[J. Martins]], Afro-pop artiste<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-17|title=J. Martins acquires Rolls Royce Phantom, G-Wagon 550|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/j-martins-acquires-rolls-royce-phantom-g-wagon-550/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='My father attempted to kill me thrice for becoming a musician' – J.Martins {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/my-father-attempted-to-kill-me-thrice-for-becoming-a-musician-j-martins/|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jaja Wachuku]] – First Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nigeria, First indigenous Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria and first Nigerian Permanent representative to the UN.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525075901/https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Joe Irukwu]] - Nigeria's First Professor of Insurance. * [[Joel Kachi Benson]], documentary film maker.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-11|title=My agenda for making Daughters of Chibok –Joel 'Kachi Benson|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/my-agenda-for-making-daughters-of-chibok-joel-kachi-benson/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[John Godson]] – Polish lawmaker and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wyborcza.pl|url=https://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/7,35136,21814379,john-godson-wrocil-do-afryki-hoduje-swinie-i-owce-chce-sciagnac.html?disableRedirects=true|access-date=2021-06-30|website=lodz.wyborcza.pl}}</ref> * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] – Nigeria's Military Officer and former Head of State.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Department|first=Abia State (Nigeria) Ministry of Information, Culture, and Sports Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VARSAQAAMAAJ&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Abia State Official Handbook: 1991-1997|date=1997|publisher=the Ministry|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Yakubu|first=Yusufu Abdullahi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3OPHhQ_HLsC&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Nigeria's Foreign Policy: A Basic Text|date=2014|publisher=Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited|isbn=978-978-125-467-3|language=en}}</ref> * [[Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku]] - Former Eze of Ngwa land. * [[Joyce Kalu]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Kalu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kalu Idika Kalu]] – former Finance Minister and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-05|title=Why I joined APC -Idika Kalu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-apc-idika-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-02|title=Kalu Idika's mum dies at 100|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-idikas-mum-dies-at-100/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kalu Ikeagwu]] - Movie Actor and Writer. * [[Kalu Ndukwe Kalu]] - Political scientist and Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science and National Security Policy at Auburn University * [[Kelechi Emeteole]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kenneth Omeruo]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Larry Gaaga]] - Renowned Songwriter and Music Producer * [[Linda Ejiofor]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Lukas Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Mao Ohuabunwa]], industrialist and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-18|title=Ohuabunwa tasks National Assembly on people's constitution|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184248/https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Mary Ikoku]] - Development Consultant * [[Mary Lazarus]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Martins Azubuike]] - Former Speaker of Abia State House of Assembly. * [[Michael Okpara]] – premier of Nigeria's Eastern Region from 1959 to 1966<ref>{{Cite web|last=Report|first=Agency|date=2021-06-02|title=Michael Okpara Centenary Holds Tomorrow|url=https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602023213/https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=Ogah Eulogises Late Dr. Michael Okpara's Leadership Style|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/06/05/ogah-eulogises-late-dr-michael-okparas-leadership-style/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mr Raw]] – [[Igbo rap]] music pioneer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-25|title=Where Are They Now - Mr Raw|url=https://thenet.ng/now-mr-raw/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-11|title=Why I changed my name from 'Nigga Raw' to 'Mr Raw' - Ukeje Edward|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/why-i-changed-my-name-from-nigga-raw-to-mr-raw-ukeje-edward/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nathan Kanu]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ndubuisi Kanu]] – Former Governor of Lagos State and old Imo State.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu life and times|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55646741|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=Update: Former Military Administrator of Lagos, Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu is dead|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/01/13/breaking-former-military-administrator-of-lagos-rear-admiral-ndubuisi-kanu-is-dead/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Ndubuisi Kanu: Thinker, Soldier, Sailor, Activist|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/18/ndubuisi-kanu-thinker-soldier-sailor-activist/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Njoku Nnamdi]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly *[[Nkechi Blessing Sunday]] - Nollywood actress *[[Nkechi Justina Nwaogu]] – Two Time Senator Abia Central Senatorial District and Immediate Past Pro Chancellor University of Calabar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Rahaman|date=2021-05-29|title=Senator Nkechi Nwaogu: Celebrating a mentor and great leader by Onyendi Victor|url=https://www.legit.ng/1417933-opinion-senator-nkechi-nwaogu-celebrating-mother-mentor-great-leader-her-new-age.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Nkiru Sylvanus]] - Awarding winning Nollywood actress * [[Nnamdi Kanu]] – founder of the [[Indigenous People of Biafra]] (IPOB), a separatist group.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-01|title=Be prepared to welcome independence of Biafra... - Nnamdi Kanu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/be-prepared-to-welcome-independence-of-biafra-in-no-distance-future-nnamdi-kanu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2021-06-08|title=I want to sit, talk with Nnamdi Kanu - Abia Gov, Ikpeazu|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/06/08/i-want-to-sit-talk-with-nnamdi-kanu-abia-gov-ikpeazu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nnamdi Udoh]] - Aeronautical Engineer * [[Ndubuisi Ekekwe]] - Notable Inventor * [[Nnenna Elendu Ukeje]] - Female Politician * [[Nwabueze Nwokolo]] - British Lawyer * [[Nwankwo Kanu]] – Two time African Footballer of the year and [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal FC]] legend.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanu: The lanky boy who shook the world at Atlanta '96 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17742/olympics/2016/08/04/26213082/kanu-the-lanky-boy-who-shook-the-world-at-atlanta-96|access-date=2021-06-30|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-13|title=Kanu Nwankwo confirms sale of Papilo FC|url=https://www.thecable.ng/kanu-nwankwo-confirms-selling-papilo-fc|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[OC Ukeje]] – Lagos-based Multiple Award Winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=The Top 50 Ultimate Nigerian Gentlemen of 2018|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/03/01/the-top-50-ultimate-nigerian-gentlemen-of-2018/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ogbugo Kalu]] - Renowned Army Officer. * [[Oji Umozurike]], professor of law<ref>{{cite web |last1=Umozurike |first1=U.O. |title=The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Suggestions for More Effectiveness |url=https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=annlsurvey |website=digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu |publisher=Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> * [[Ojo Maduekwe]] - Former Nigerian Politician. * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] – former Minister for Trade and Investment (2015–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|title=Nigerian Exporters Must Benefit From AGOA Before 2025—Minister|last=Emmanuel|first=Dayo|date=2018-06-29|website=National Wire|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20|archive-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220042013/https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Okezie Ikpeazu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/gov-ikpeazu-gives-recipe-for-national-development/|title=Gov Ikpeazu gives recipe for national development|website=Punch Newspapers|date=6 July 2019|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/371749-breaking-supreme-court-affirms-ikpeazus-election-as-abia-governor.html|title=Supreme Court affirms Ikpeazu's election as Abia governor|date=2020-01-08|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Abia State Governor * [[Olu Oguibe]] - Professor of art at the University of Connecticut and senior fellow at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC * [[Oluchi Onweagba]] - International model and first winner of M-Net Face of Africa * [[Onwuka Kalu]] - Business Mogul and co-founder of Fidelity Union Merchant Bank * [[Onyema Ogbuagu]] - Medical Researcher * [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] - First Executive Chairman of the Niger Delta Development Commission(NDDC) * [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] – chairman, [[SLOK Group]]; Former State Governor and one time Founder of [[Progressive Peoples Alliance|Progressive People's Alliance (PPA)]]; Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Kalu resumes duty at Senate after release from Kuje Correctional Centre|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/kalu-resumes-duty-at-senate-after-release-from-kuje-correctional-centre/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Atuma]] – Canadian-Nigerian actor, screenwriter, film producer, director and CEO/Chairman TABIC Record Label. born in Ikwuano Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=INTERVIEW: It took two years to produce 'Clash', says Pascal Atuma|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/interview-it-took-two-years-to-produce-clash-says-pascal-atuma/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=#EndSARS: Filmmaker Pascal Atuma hails Nigerian youths, pens open letter to Buhari|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/endsars-filmmaker-pascal-atuma-hails-nigerian-youths-pens-open-letter-to-buhari/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Ojigwe]] - Nigerian former professional footballer and Abia State Commissioner of Sports. * [[Paul Agbai Ogwuma]] – former Governor of Nigeria's Central Bank<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XwuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Newswatch|date=2008|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWEuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=The News|date=1998|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited|language=en}}</ref> * [[Randy Onuoha]], Professional Footballer. * [[Rosemary Inyama]] - Female Politician * [[Ruggedman]], Afro-Rap artiste.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-29|title=Ruggedman… Conscious vibes of rap apostle|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182744/https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-17|title=Why I declined being running mate to Abia gov candidate, says Ruggedman|url=https://punchng.com/why-i-declined-being-running-mate-to-abia-gov-candidate-says-ruggedman/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[2Shotz]], AfroRap Artiste<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Alim|first1=H. Samy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xWOAgAAQBAJ&dq=2Shotz+Abia+-wikipedia&pg=PA120|title=Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Awad|last3=Pennycook|first3=Alastair|author3-link=Alastair Pennycook|date=October 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59299-8|language=en}}</ref> * [[Sam Acho]] - ESPN Sports Analyst and Veteran American Football Player. * [[Sam Ohuabunwa]] - Founder of Neimeth Pharmaceutical and Former President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria * [[Samuel Achilefu]] – Notable Inventor<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holmes|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoQvforsFZsC&q=Samuel+Achilefu+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Black Inventors: Crafting Over 200 Years of Success|date=May 2012|publisher=Global Black Inventor Resea|isbn=978-0-9799573-1-4|language=en}}</ref> * [[Samuel Chukwueze]] – Nigeria National Team football player<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-05|title=Samuel Chukwueze: Profile, Expert Analysis, Tactical Overview & Video|url=https://www.101greatgoals.com/news/samuel-chukwueze-profile-expert-analysis-tactical-overview-video/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Football (soccer) greatest goals and highlights {{!}} 101 Great Goals|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adedayo|first=Tolu|date=2021-04-06|title=Top 5 Nigerian Footballers Playing in Europe's finest Leagues|url=https://www.brila.net/top-5-nigerian-footballers-playing-in-europes-finest-leagues/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Samuel Kalu]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer.<ref><nowiki>https://guardian.ng/samuel-kalu-is-latest-nigerian-in-watford-fc/</nowiki></ref> * [[Sunday Mba]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer *[[Theodore Orji]] – former State Governor and a serving Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=Senator T.A Orji Emerges Best Performing Lawmaker In the National Assembly — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/senator-t-a-orji-emerges-best-performing-lawmaker-in-the-national-assembly/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Jombo]], award-winning Nollywood actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Uche Jombo Glows @40|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/04/uche-jombo-glows-40/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Macebuh Chinonyerem]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Mike Ezuruonye]] – Award-winning Nollywood actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-10|title=Brother Jekwu: Mike Ezuruonye's first fruit as a producer|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184252/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Nwakanwa Chimaobi]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uche Chukwumerije]] – 3-time Senator of Fed Rep of Nigeria; Former Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture; Former Biafran Minister of Information; Publisher Afriscope Magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-22 |title=Uche Chukwumerije (1939-2015) |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uche-chukwumerije-1939-2015-2/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Elendu]] - Nollywood actress * [[Uche Okechukwu]] – former Nigerian Team footballer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-21|title=Uche Okechukwu, Ifejiagwa launch football academy|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181522/https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah]] – Businessman and Politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-18|title=Why Abians Yearn for Uche Ogah|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/11/18/why-abians-yearn-for-uche-ogah-2/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Ikonne]] – Academic and Public Administrator<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administration – Abia State University Uturu|url=https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|access-date=2021-09-14|website=absuu.net|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914103446/https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Kanu]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ude Oko Chukwu]] - Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Uko Nkole]] - Politician<ref><nowiki>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uko_Nkole#:~:text=Uko%20Ndukwe%20Nkole%20(born%2020,of%20the%20Nigerian%20National%20Assembly</nowiki>.</ref> * [[Uma Ukpai]] – evangelist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=Biafra agitators are mad people, says Uma Ukpai|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biafra-agitators-are-mad-people-says-uma-ukpai/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Umeh Kalu]] - Former Commissioner of Justice for Abia State. * [[Uzo Asonye]] - Partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell * [[Uzodinma Iweala]] – US-based medical doctor and author of the book ''[[Beasts of No Nation]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Egbedi|first=Hadassah|date=2015-10-16|title=Exclusive interview with Uzodinma Iweala, author, Beasts of No Nation|url=https://venturesafrica.com/exclusive-interview-with-uzodinma-iweala-author-beasts-of-no-nation/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uzoma Emenike]]- Nigeria's Ambassador to the United States of America. * [[Victoria Inyama]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Vincent Eze Ogbulafor]] - Former National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party * [[Waconzy]] - Musician * [[Yagazie Emezi]] - Award-winning photojournalist<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-19 |title=Yagazie Emezi |url=https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Invisible Borders |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127025157/https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yvonne Okoro]] - Ghanaian-Nigerian actress <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abia}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] bocquzebqeddrqhrcc2bj1wja6hp98y 0 7019 551773 473657 2024-12-04T15:31:46Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mozart_painted_by_Greuze_1763-64.jpg |thumb|Mozart]] [[File:Mozart_plaque.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|memorial Mozart plaque]] [[File:Leopold_Mozart_and_Wolgang_Amadeus_Mozart_plaque.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|W. A. Mozart with Leopold Mozart]] [[Fayil:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|thumb|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] '''Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''' (an haife shi ranar talatin da ɗaya ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1756, a [[Salzburg]] - ya mutu ranar biyar ga Disamba, a shekara ta 1791, a [[Vienna]]), shi ne mawakin Austriya. Ya rubuta kiɗa mai yawa, ciki har da ''operas'' (''Die Zauberflöte'' - ''Da sautin sihirin'', ''Così fan tutte'' - ''Duk suna yin haka''...) da kiɗar addini (''Requiem''). [[File:Eger-mozart.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wasikar Mozart]] {{authority control}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Austriya]] e8j8swkkr0fq2z6wnfcd9tvshxtllzz 0 7213 551739 533927 2024-12-04T14:30:20Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ahmedabad_montage_new1.png|thumb|right|250px|Ahmedabad.]] [[Fayil:MEGA Ahmedabad Metro Network Map August 2015.png|thumb|Ahmedabad]] [[Fayil:Amdavad Aerial.jpg|thumb|Ahmedabad]] '''Ahmedabad''' ko '''Amdavad''' birni ne, da ke a jihar [[Gujarat]], a ƙasar [[Indiya]]. Shi ne tsohon babban birnin jihar Gujarat. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, akwai jimilar mutane 5,633,927. An gina birnin Ahmedabad a karni na sha ɗaya bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Sabarmati, Ahemdabad File:Ahmedabad-VijaliGhar.jpg|Vijali Ghar, Ahmedabad File:Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG|Massallacin Sidi Sayed Jaali, Ahmedabad File:Auto_World_Vintage_Car_Museum,_Ahmedabad,_Gujarat,_India.jpg|Auto World Vintage Car Museum, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Indiya File:Sunset_in_Ahmedabad.jpg|Faɗuwar rana a birnin Ahmedabad File:Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg|Ahemdabad BRTS File:Riverfront_Ahmedabad.jpg|Kogi, Ahmedabad File:Altstadt_Ahmedabad.jpg|Tsohon sassan birnin Ahmedabad File:Ellisbridge.jpg|Gadar Elli, Ahemdabad </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmedabad}} [[Category:Biranen Indiya]] b4risg0tx8a49llx6kpc31urf91a153 0 7280 551685 548547 2024-12-04T13:10:05Z Maryam ibrahim Abdullahi 32592 Karami 551685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|dakin ajiye kayan tarihi na Oxford]] '''Prehistory''', wanda kuma aka fisani '''da tarihin adabi tunda akwai shi''', <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=733–739}}</ref> shine lokacin [[Tarihin dan-Adam|tarihin dan adam]] tsakanin amfani da kayan aikin [[dutse]] na farko da hominins {{Circa}}Shekaru miliyan 3.3 da suka gabata, da farkon rubuta tarihin tare da kirkira tsarin rubutu. Amfani da alamomi, da hotuna, suna bayyana da wuri a tsakanin mutane, amma tsarin rubutun da aka sani na farko ya bayyana {{Circa}} shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. An dauki dubban shekaru kafin tsarin rubutu ya fara karbuwa sosai, tare da yada rubuce-rubuce zuwa kusan dukkan al'adu a karni na 19. Karshen tarihi ya zo a lokuta daban-daban a wurare daban-daban, kuma ba a cika amfani da kalmar ba wajen tattaunawa a cikin al'ummomi inda tarihi ya Kare kwanan nan. A farkon shekarun Bronze, Sumer a Mesopotamiya, Indus Valley Civilization, da kuma tsohuwar Misira sune farkon wayewar da suka bunkasa rubutun nasu da kuma kiyaye bayanan tarihi, tare da makwabta masu biyo baya. Yawancin sauran wayewa sun kai karshen tarihi a lokacin zamanin Iron Age mai zuwa. Sashe na shekaru uku na prehistory zuwa Stone Age, Bronze Age, da Iron Age ya kasance ana amfani da shi don yawancin Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka, ama ba a yi amfani da su ba a wadancan sassan duniya inda aikin karfe mai karfi ya isa ba zato ba tsammani daga Hulda da su. Al'adun Eurasian, irin su Oceania, Australasia, da yawa na yankin kudu da hamadar sahara, da wasu sassan [[Amurka]]. Tare da wasu kebancewa a cikin wayewar zamanin Columbia a cikin Amurka, wadandan yankuna ba su habaka tsarin rubuce-rubuce masu sarƙaƙƙiya ba kafin zuwan Eurasia, don haka kafin tarihinsu ya kai dan lokaci kadan; misali, a shekarar 1788, yawanci ana daukarsa azaman karshen prehistory na Ostiraliya. Lokacin da al'ada ke rubutawa da wasu, amma ba ta inganta tsarin rubutunta ba, yawanci ana kiranta da tarihin al'ada. Ta hanyar ma'anarsa, babu rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce daga tarihin dan adam, wadanda za mu iya sani kawai daga bayanan kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi da na [[Ilimin dan adam|dan adam]]: kayan tarihi da ragowar dan adam. An fara fahimtar wadanda ta hanyar tarin tatsuniyoyi da kwatanci tare da al'ummomin da suka riga sun fara karatu da aka gani a zamanin yau. Babban mataki don fahimtar shaidar da ta gabata shine haduwa, kuma amintattun dabarun haduwa sun ci gaba a hankali tun Karni na sha tara. <ref>Graslund, Bo. 1987. ''The birth of prehistoric chronology.'' Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.</ref> Karin shaida ya zo daga sake gina tsoffin harsunan magana. Dabarun na baya-bayan nan sun hada da binciken sinadarai na bincike don bayyana amfani da ingancin kayan, da nazarin kwayoyin halitta na kasusuwa (archeology) don tantance dangi da halayen jiki na mutanen zamanin da. == Ma'anarsa == [[File:Göbekli_Tepe,_Urfa.jpg|thumb| Manyan ginshikan dutse a Göbekli Tepe, a kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya, waɗanda farkon mutanen Neolithic suka gina don amfani da su shekaru 11,000 da suka wuce.]] [[File:Caveman_6.jpg|thumb| Zane na farko da ke tunanin balagagge da matashi daga zamanin da suka rigaya suna yin kayan aikin dutse]] [[File:Prehistoric_man.jpg|thumb| Tunanin Karni na goma sha tara na mutanen farko a cikin jeji]] '''Farko''' Kalmar “''prehistory''” na iya nufin tsawon lokaci tun farkon duniya ko duniya, amma galibi yana nufin lokacin da rayuwa ta bayyana a duniya, ko ma musamman ga lokacin da halittu masu kama da mutum suka bayyana. <ref name="fagan07">Fagan, Brian. 2007. ''World Prehistory: A brief introduction'' New York: Prentice-Hall, Seventh Edition, Chapter One</ref> <ref name="renfrew">Renfrew, Colin. 2008. ''Prehistory: The Making of the Human Mind.'' New York: Modern Library</ref> ==Karshe== Kwanan da ke nuna karshen tarihin prehistory yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman zuwan rubutaccen tarihin tarihin zamani. Kwanan wata saboda haka ta bambanta sosai daga yanki zuwa yanki dangane da ranar da bayanan da suka dace suka zama tushen ilimi mai amfani. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=35–40}}</ref> Alal misali, a [[Misra|Masar]] an yarda da cewa tarihi ya Kare a shekara ta 3100 KZ, yayin da a [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] karshen zamanin prehistoric ya kasance kwanan nan, a cikin 1870s, lokacin da masanin ilimin dan adam na Rasha Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana zaune a tsakanin 'yan kasa. jama'a, kuma sun bayyana tsarin rayuwarsu a cikin cikakken bayani. A cikin Turai al'adun gargajiyar da aka rubuta da kyau na tsohuwar Girka da [[Romawa na Da|tsohuwar Roma]] suna da al'adun makwabta, gami da Celts da karamin Etruscans, tare da dan karamin rubutu ko babu rubutu, kuma masana tarihi dole ne su yanke shawarar nawa nauyin da za su ba wa sau da yawa masu tsananin son zuciya. lissafin wadannan al'adun protohistoric a cikin adabin Girkanci da na Romawa. ==Lokaci lokaci== A cikin rarrabuwar tarihin dan adam a cikin Eurasia, masana tarihi galibi suna amfani da tsarin shekaru uku, yayin da malaman zamanin kafin dan adam yawanci suna amfani da ingantaccen rikodin yanayin kasa da kayyadaddun tushe na duniya a cikin [[Tarihin ilimin kasa da duwatsu|ma'aunin lokacin geologic]]. Tsarin shekaru uku shine kaddamar da tarihin dan adam zuwa lokaci guda uku a jere, wanda aka sanya wa suna don manyan fasahar yin kayan aiki: :* Zamanin Dutse. :* Shekarun Bronze. :* Iron Age. Don prehistory na Amurka duba zamanin Pre-Columbian. ==Tarihin kalmar== Ra'ayin "prehistory" ya fito ne a lokacin haskakawa a cikin aikin antiquarians wadanda suka yi amfani da kalmar "na farko" don kwatanta al'ummomin da suka wanzu kafin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=9–24}}</ref> Kalmar "prehistory" ta fara bayyana a cikin Turanci a cikin shekarar 1836, a cikin ''Binciken Kwata-kwata na kasashen waje''. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=1–8}}</ref> Ma'auni na lokacin geologic don lokutan lokaci na dan adam, da kuma tsarin shekaru uku na tarihin dan adam, an tsara shi a cikin karshen karni na sha tara a cikin aikin Birtaniya, Jamusanci, da Scandinavian [[Ilimin dan adam|anthropologists]], archeologists, da antiquarians. [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7dc20g58epi6t1ew2x6jrhckmc6rmir 0 7618 551749 485898 2024-12-04T14:38:46Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Meri%C3%A7_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCs%C3%BC_ve_Meri%C3%A7_Nehri.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gadar Meriç Uzunköprü Edirne]] [[File:Edirne mosque outside.jpg|alt=Birnin Edirne mai kayatarwa|thumb|Birnin Edirne.]] [[Fayil:Edirne at sunrise 21 52 30 274000.jpeg|thumb|Edirne]] '''Edirne''' birni ne da ke a yankin gabashin gabas, a kasar [[Turkiyya]].{{stub}} [[File:Bab%C3%BCsSaadeEdirne.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Edirne]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:EskiCamiEdirne_(3).JPG|Masallaci a birnin File:Kurtdereli%26KelAli%C3%A7o%26KocaYusuf_(2).JPG|Mutum-Mutumi File:Edirne_Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_Tren_%C4%B0stasyonu.jpg|Tashar jirgin kasa ta birnin File:FatihBridgeEdirne.JPG|Gadar Fatih File:Sts._Constantine_and_Helen_Church_(Edirne),_Front.jpg|Coci a birnin File:Street_shoeshiners_(15235366971).jpg|Wani mai sana'ar goge takalma a bakin Aiki, Turkiyya File:Edirne,_Turkey_-_51973620883.jpg|Edirne Turkiyya File:Edirne_-_2014.10.22_(9).JPG|Edirne </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Edirne}} [[Category:Biranen Turkiyya]] 0mgrtmkufj04elzgsz8x5up6wpqbjli 0 9938 551714 508296 2024-12-04T14:02:17Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ozark Howler Purple Watercolor.png|thumb|Ozark Howler]] [[Fayil:Ozark Howler in Fog.jpg|thumb|ozark howler]] [[Fayil:Ozark Howler Purple Watercolor.png|thumb|Ozark Howler]] '''Ozark Howler''' wata halittace ta jita-jita wacce ake tsammanin tana rayuwa a [[Arkansas]], [[Misssouri]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]]. An suffanta girman wannan halittar ta Ozark Howler kamar karen jeji , da kaukassan jiki, da kafafu gajeru murdaddu, da gashi mai yawa, wani lokacin tana da kaho. An suffanta Idanuwan Ozark Howler acewa jajayene koda acikin duhune. Kukanta yana kamanceceniya da kukan [[Dila]] da [[Karkanda]]. [[Fayil:Snawfus Leaping.jpg|thumb|Ozark Howler]] ِA wani littafi da ake kira tatsuniyoyin Orzark Howler, wanda Kelly Reno yarubuta, yasumfanta muhimman siffofin wannan halittar, an buga littafin a shekarar 2008, a 2016, maizane da ake kira Helen Hawley ya zana zanen Ozark Howler maifadin inci 12 wanda ya yi da kala daya. A 2014 Alien De Soiza tasamar da abin frintin wanda ya siyar domin ya sami kudi. Joshua Wolf yasakkasa Ozark a takarda. Hakkannan Orzark Howler ya zama makalar shekarar 2018 a oktoba a fagen sada zumunta wanda hakan jnyo karin hotunan wannan halitta <br /> gh6ihvp02mmmbric4z5j126ygt4uelk 0 9991 551846 441780 2024-12-04T19:18:33Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 551846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oru ta Yamma,''' na ɗaya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Ƙananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[Jihar Imo|jihar Imo]] a kudu maso Gabas, [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo]] gtnf9kg8xyvoo0vlgwxbh8mgz4qd4io 0 10013 551842 497143 2024-12-04T19:13:59Z Maryamarh 29382 551842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nakamori Kokona - signature.png|thumb|kokana]] [[Fayil:Vedat Kokona 2013 cover of Albania.jpg|thumb|kokona]] '''Kokona,''' na ɗaya daga cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Nijeriya|ƙananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[jihar Nasarawa]] a shiyar tsakiyar ƙasar [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Nasarawa]] nqeoc84wzos2276a6lyh3vlivt3nxlo 0 10014 551767 491850 2024-12-04T15:27:04Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Welcome to Nasarawa, Nasarawa State 2.jpg|thumb|barka da zuwa Nasarawa state ]] [[Fayil:Welcome to Nasarawa, Nasarawa State 1.jpg|thumb|Nasarawa (Nasarawa)]] '''Nasarawa karamar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Nasarawa, mai lamba 8°32'N 7°42'E, mai yawan jama'a 30,949 (ya zuwa 2016). Karamar hukumar tana da yanki 5,704&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 962. == Ilimi == Garin Nasarawa gida ne da manyan makarantu kamar: * [[Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa]] * Makama Dogo School of Health Technology Nasarawa == Albarkatu == Ayyukan tattalin arzikin yankin sun ta'allaka ne kan masana'antar hakar gwangwani da columbite da noma. == Noma == Nasarawa cibiyar kasuwa ce da ake noman guna, [[Doya|dawa]], dawa, [[gero]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], goro, da [[auduga]] da ake nomawa a kewaye. Garin yana da makarantar sakandare da asibiti. Tana nan a mahadar titunan cikin gida da ke kan hanyar Keffi da tasoshin [[Benue (kogi)|ruwan kogin Benue]] na Loko da Umaisha . Pop. (2006) karamar hukuma, 189,835 == Mulki == Nasarawa, also spelled Nassarawa, town, [[Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]], Central [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] . Garin dai yana arewa ne da cokali mai yatsu da ke cikin kogin Okwa, wanda ke gabar kogin Benue. An kafa Nasarawa a shekara ta 1835 a cikin yankin Afo (Afo) ta hanyar Umaru, wani jami'in 'yan tawaye daga garin [[Keffi]] da ke kusa, wanda ya fito daga Ruma a cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], a matsayin mazaunin sabuwar masarautar Nassarawa. Umaru ya fadada yankinsa ta hanyar mamaye yankunan da ke makwabtaka da shi sannan ya mai da Nassarawa ta zama jaha mai kauri zuwa [[Zazzau|Zaria]] (mil 282).&nbsp;km] arewa). Daya daga cikin magajinsa, Muhammadu Dan Waji (ya yi sarauta a shekara ta 1878 zuwa shekara ta1923), ya fadada masarautun ta hanyar mamaya iri-iri, kuma a shekara ta 1900, ya kasance daya daga cikin sarakunan farko da suka yi mubaya'a ga Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1976 Nasarawa ta zama [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] ; a shekara ta 1996 ta zama wani yanki na [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]] == Sarakunan Fulani == Tarihin Sarakunan Fulani Na Nasarawa Tun 1835 - Kwanan Wata {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! MAI MULKI ! LOKACI ! LOKACI |- | 1 | Umaru Usman (Makama Dogo - Founder) | 1835-1858 | Shekaru 23 |- | 2 | Ahmadu Umaru | 1858-1878 | Shekaru 20 |- | 3 | Muhammadu Sani (Mamman Sani) | 1878 | Kwanaki 40 |- | 4 | Muhammadu Umaru Dan Waji (Maje-Lokoja) | 1878-1923 | Shekaru 45 |- | 5 | Ahmadu Dan Ahoda | 1923-1924 | shekara 1 |- | 6 | Muhammadu Dan Ashaba | 1924-1926 | Shekaru 2 |- | 7 | Usman Ahmadu | 1926-1942 | Shekaru 16 |- | 8 | Alh. Umaru Muhammadu (Maje-Haji) | 1942-1960 | Shekaru 18 |- | 9 | Alh. Jibrin Idrisu Mairiga MFR | 1960-1992 | shekaru 32 |- | 10 | Alh. Ibrahim Ramalan Abubakar CON, FFPN | 1992 - 2004 | Shekaru 12 |- | 11 | Alh. Dr. Hassan Ahmed II MFR, mni | 2004 - 2018 | Shekaru 14 |- | 12 | Mallam Ibrahim Usman Jibril | 2018 - | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jihar Nassarawa]] osrc3hyqffb5f9pa3fcr8ou6ausntso 0 11236 551712 301592 2024-12-04T14:00:40Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Khazri_2.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wahbi Khazri]] [[File:Wahbi_Khazri_Sunderland.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wahbi Khazri]] [[Fayil:Wahbi Khazri.jpg|thumb|Wahbi Khazri]] '''Wahbi Khazri''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991 a garin [[Ajaccio]], a ƙasar [[Faransa]]) shi ne ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar [[Tunisiya]]. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Tunisiya daga shekara ta 2013. [[File:Khazri_2.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wahbi Khazri]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Khazri, Wahbi}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya]] fzgkjquzv0v8wdpz0h9eik07p5znawv 0 13000 551722 474050 2024-12-04T14:12:17Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Gusau airstrip.png|thumb|jirgin sama]] [[File:737-800 MinnaCanth.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Norwegian (Minna Canth livery), LN-NIF, Boeing 737-8JP (16430620706).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:EC-MXJ (48776429553).jpg|thumb|Filin jirgin saman Minna]] '''Filin jirgin saman Minna''', [[Filin jirgin sama|filin jirgi]] ne dake a birnin [[Minna]], babban birnin [[Neja|jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya]]. <ref name="FAAN">{{cite web | url = http://www.faannigeria.org/index.php/airports/other-domestic-airports/minna-airport | title = Minna Airport | publisher = Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria | accessdate = 11 March 2016 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160630120105/http://www.faannigeria.org/index.php/airports/other-domestic-airports/minna-airport | archivedate = 11 March 2016 | df = }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Minna}} [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] sbkfqct4bb5w0jh2dzdwpy3pyojahmp 0 13487 551755 535250 2024-12-04T14:41:27Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Harbin,_China,_and_vicinities,_near_natural_colors,_LandSat-5,_2010-09-22.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hoton birnin Harbin a shekara ta 2010.]] [[Fayil:Harbinblue.jpg|thumb|Harbin]] [[Fayil:Harbinblue.jpg|thumb|Harbin]] '''Harbin''' (lafazi : /harbin/) birni ne, da ke a Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar [[Sin]]. Harbin yana da yawan jama'a 5,115,000, bisa ga jimillar 2010. An gina birnin Harbin a karni na sha biyu bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. [[File:Harbin IT 04.jpg|220px|right|thumbnail|Cibiyar fasaha, da ke a Harbin]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%97%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF.JPG|Harbin File:FACTORY_HEADQUARTER.jpg|Hedkwatar wata ma'aikata a birnin File:20191216_%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A83.jpg|Birnin Harbin File:%E7%A7%8B%E6%9E%97%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8_-_panoramio.jpg|Harbin File:Harbin,_China_(8854057760).jpg|Jama'a na wal-wala a birnin File:Harbin,_China_(8740025399).jpg|Harbin Chaina File:Chinese_food_in_Harbin.jpg|Wani nau'in abincin mazauna birnin File:%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%ED%95%98%EC%96%BC%EB%B9%88_%EC%97%AD(%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%9E%91_3A%ED%98%B8)_(819).jpeg|Birnin Harbin, an dauki hoton daga Sama File:%E5%BB%B6%E5%AF%BF%E7%A8%BB%E7%94%B0.jpg|Harbin File:%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E6%9D%BE%E8%8A%B1%E6%B1%9F%E8%BD%AE%E6%B8%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4_-_panoramio_-_%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%85%E9%A3%8E1961.jpg|Tashar jirgin Ruwa ta birnin </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Harbin}} [[Category:Biranen Sin]] miulttznl0u1og45pxd4pwnvo8ahei3 0 13521 551776 492403 2024-12-04T15:34:51Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Niger river map-uk.svg|thumb|hoton taswirar niger]] [[File:Morocco vs Niger, February 09 2011-2.jpg|thumb|hoton kungiyar niger]] [[Fayil:Niger, Niamey, Kountché Stadium (3).jpg|thumb|Kwallon kafa a Nijar]] Kwallon kafa shine wasa mafi tashe a kasar [[Nijar]], kasar miliyan 18.<ref>See: [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]] and [[List of countries by Human Development Index]]</ref> ==Kasa da kasa== [[File:Morocco_vs_Niger,_February_09_2011-2.jpg|thumb|Yan kwallon kasar Nijar]] Duk da wasan kwallon kafa shine yafi fice a tsakanin wasanni a Nijar, amma kasar bata taba samun nasarar zuwa buga gasar kofin dunyi ba, sannan bata taba samun nasarar wata babbar gasa ba a yayin bugawa da kasar waje. Sau daya Nijar ta taba zuwa wasan kusa dana karshe a gasar neman shiga buga gasar duniya a shekarar 1982, inda tayi nasara a hannun [[Aljeriya]] wadda tayi nasar buge Nijar wajen zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya na 1982. Tun daga 1969, Nijar bata taba nasarar halartar buga wasan cin kofin [[Afrika|Niahiyar Afrika]] ba. A 2008, babu wani dan kwallon Niajar da ya taba buga kwallo a wani kulob na [[Turai|Nahiyar Turai]]. A shekarar 2004, daga manyan yan kwallon Nijar masu buga wasa a Turai akwai [[Moussa Yahaya]] a kungiyar ''Legia Warsaw'' ta kasar [[Poland]] da [Ibrahim Tankary]] a kungiyar ''Jupiler League'' ta kasar [[Belgium]]. [[Moussa Narry]], dan kasar Nijar mazaunin [[Ghana]] yana buga wasa a Netherlands da ''AJ Auxerre'' ta kasar [[Faransa]]. ==Cikin gida== Kwallon kafa a Nijar gabaya mai tasiw ce, wadda ta fara buga gasar Lig din kasar da kungiyoyi goma a 1966. Kofin kasa ya fara a shekarar 1974. Gadaya lig-lig din da suka fara wasan da [[Niamey|Babban birnin Nijar]] suke, kamar [[Sahel SC Niamey]] da [[Olympic FC de Niamey]]. Kasa adadine na kungiyoyin cikin gida da suke buga gasar lig na matasa. Mafiya yawancin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a Nijar hukumomin yansanda da na Soja ne suke daukar nauyin su. Tsohon dan kwallon kafar [[Faransa]] [[Zinedine Zidane]] ya taba kai ziyara Nijar a 2007, inda ya raba sadaka da kayata guraren yawon bude ido musamman ma wadanda suka danganci kwallon kafa. Hakan kuma ya dada haskaka lamarin kwallon kafa ga yan kasar.<ref>[http://www.pnud.ne/visit_zizou.htm Visite de Zinedine Zidane au Niger. 13-12-07 communiqué de presse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601174613/http://www.pnud.ne/visit_zizou.htm |date=2013-06-01 }}: Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement, Niger.</ref> ===Filayen wasa a Nijar=== *[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]]: (Niamey) *[[Stade de Dosso]] *[[Stade de Maradi]] *[[Stade de Zinder]] ===Yan kwallon kafa a Nijar=== * [[Ismaël Alassane]] * [[Kassaly Daouda]] * [[Alhassane Issoufou]] * [[Daouda Kamilou]] * [[Mohammed Muyei]] * [[Moussa Narry]] * [[Ibrahim Tankary]] * [[Moussa Yahaya]] * [[Moussa Maazou]] ===Alkalan wasa na duniya yan Nijar=== *[[Lucien Bouchardeau]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Mena_Niger.jpg|Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mena, Nijar File:Niger,_Niamey,_Kountch%C3%A9_Stadium_(3).jpg|Filin wasan kwallon Kafa na Kountché, Niamey Nujar </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} *[https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=nig/index.html FIFA: Nigerien Football Federation News and background] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001026/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=nig/index.html |date=2018-06-20 }}. Retrieved 30 January 2008. *[https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=nig/goalprogramme/index.html FIFA: Goal Programme - Nigerien Football Federation - 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031307/http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=nig/goalprogramme/index.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Retrieved 30 January 2008. ==Wasu mahadai== *{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.republicain-niger.com/Index.asp?affiche=showArticle.asp&rub=Sport Le Republicain-Niger daily, Sports section]. mrtm9giu1jz9c8nr63dd1v7wikuukrb 0 13785 551785 543011 2024-12-04T15:44:13Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Africanimmigrantseurope.jpg|thumb|fame oke acikin shararun mutanan africa]] [[Fayil:Femi Oke.jpg|thumb|ma aika cigar gidan tv]] [[Fayil:Femi Oke.jpg|thumb|Femi Oke]] '''Femi Oke''' (An haife ta ne a 30 Yuni a shekarar 1966) Ta kasance mai' gabatarwa da labarai ce ta gidan talabijin a Burtaniya Kuma shahararriyar [[Ɗan jarida|yar' jarida ce]] . == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Femi an haife ta ne a [[Landan|London]], <ref name="Interview with Femi Oke">{{Cite web |title=Interview with Femi Oke |url=http://www.walkleys.com/storyology/speakers-2014/femi-oke/ |access-date=2020-05-03 |archive-date=2017-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219135638/http://www.walkleys.com/storyology/speakers-2014/femi-oke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ingila, ga iyayen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] yan' kabilan Yarbawa . Tana digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Birmingham inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin adabi da adabin Ingilishi. == Ayyukan watsa labarai == Femi ta fara aiki ne tun tana da shekaru 14 da aiki a matsayin wata junior mai rehoton labaru ga gidan rediyo na [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] 's magana radio station na farko a London Broadcasting Company.<ref name=huff>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ebenezar-wikina/my-stroll-with-femi-oke_b_5697723.html|publisher=HuffingtonPost|accessdate=12 June 2015|title=Flow With the Stream: My Stroll With Femi Oke|date=21 August 2014}}</ref> A cikin 1993, Femi tayi aiki Kuma ma tashar USB wanda ake kira Wire TV, wannan shine pre-Janet Street Porter L! VE TV . Femi ta gabatar da shirye-shirye da yawa ga tashar, gami da shahararrun ''Soap a kan Wire'' a ranar Asabar da yamma, tare da masanin wasan opera Chris Stacey . A farkon shekarun 1990, Femi ta gabatar da shirin Turanci na shirin ''Ilimin Kimiyya na Ilimin Kimiyya na Science A Action'' kuma ta kasance mai gabatar da ''Manyan Aljihunan'' . Har ila yau, ta yi aiki don GMTV, London Weekend Television, Men &amp;amp; Motors da Carlton Television . Ita tsohuwar ce mai ba da labari ga CNN International ta hidimar duniya a cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya a [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] . Ta gabatar da sassan yanayi don shirye-shiryen ''Duniyar ku Yau'' da ''Labaran Duniya'' . Ta kuma shirya kai-tsaye a ''cikin Afirka'', wanda Errol Barnett ke gabatarwa yanzu, shirin da ke duba tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu da halaye a cikin Afirka. Ta shiga CNN a 1999, kuma ta yi aiki a can har zuwa 2008. Ta amfani da su bayyana a matsayin kullum newscaster, gudummawa da kuma interviewer a kan Jama'a Radio International / WNYC ta safe jama'a rediyo labarai shirin, ''The Takeaway'' . A halin yanzu, tana karban bakunci a shirin The Stream na tashar Al Jazeera English . == Zance ga Jama'a == Femi ta karɓi goron gayyata don koyarwa a madadin ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya a [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]], ta gabatar da jawabai na baƙi ga Jami'ar Liberiya, Jami'ar Emory a Atlanta kuma ta kasance mai ba da jawabi a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], ta ba da jawabi ga Abinci na Duniya. Shirin a [[Rum|Rome]], [[Italiya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDOII/Resources/Bios.pdf|format=pdf|website=World Bank|title=Moderator: Ms. Femi Oke|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biznisafrica.co.za/femi-oke/|website=Biznis|title=Femi Oke, Al Jazeera Journalist|accessdate=31 January 2015|date=13 February 2014|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401082141/http://www.biznisafrica.co.za/femi-oke/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fim == Femi ta fito a cikin gajeren fim din ''The Last Hour'' (2005). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Official website * [http://www.therealfemioke.com/dbFemi5/ Real Femi Oke blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225164507/http://www.therealfemioke.com/dbFemi5/ |date=2019-12-25 }} * [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/femi-oke-my-life-in-media-408211.html Femi Oke: "Rayuwata a kafafen yada labarai"] Mai zaman kansa * Femi Oke * [http://www.thetakeaway.org/ Shafin yanar gizo na Shirin Tallafin Takewa] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] m58c1tjpz1en7cultaa71f52ogrecgg 0 13969 551837 481104 2024-12-04T19:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adesua Etomi-Wellington''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Adesua Etomi''' (An haife tane a 22 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988),<ref>Adesua Etomi Biography". ''Naij''. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May2017</ref> ta kasan ce yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya.<ref>Badmus, Kayode (22 February 2016). "Adesua Etomi: Life of a 'first class' graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year". Nigerian Entertainment Today. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2019.</ref><ref>Adebayo, Tireni (11 February 2022). "Adesua Etomi's new musical video, 'Natural' wows fans". ''Kemi Filani News''. Retrieved 15 March 2022.</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta yi fim dinta na farko ''Knocking On sama's Door'' .<ref>Izuzu, Chidumga. "Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year". Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2020.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085852/http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin lambar yabo ta wasan kwaikwayo a kyautar Zazzagewa na Mafificin Mawallafin Wasannin Tsarin Afirka na shekarar 2016 saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Romantic na Falling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|title=#AMVCA2016 … and the Winners are Genevieve Nnaji, Stephanie Linus, Folarin ‘Falz’ Falana, Funke Akindele & More - See Full List|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011434/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|title=Adesua Etomi: Life Of A 'first Class' Graduate Turned Screen Diva As She Celebrates Another Year - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=22, February 2016|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archive-date=24 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|title=Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802215344/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|archive-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Badmus|first1=Kayode|title=Adesua Etomi: Life of a ‘first class’ graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archivedate=24 February 2016|date=22 February 2016}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == [[Fayil:Adesua Etomi .jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]] An kuma haifi Tolulope Adesua Etomi ne a Owerri, [[Imo|jihar Imo]],<ref name=":0">"Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi". Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</ref><ref>"The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi". Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May2017.</ref> a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 1988. Yawancin manyan kafofin sun ambata shekarar haihuwarta kamar shekarar 1988. Koyaya, a cikin wata hira da aka buga a watan Janairun 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|website=Daily Media|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="punchng.com">{{Cite web |url=http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |title=10 wonderful things to know about Adesua Etomi |date=3 May 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526045123/http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |archive-date=26 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|title=Adesua Etomi Biography|website=Naij|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023416/https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="dailymedia">{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|title=The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508201131/http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Etomi ta fada wa ''Pulse Nigeria'' cewa ta cika shekara 29 da haihuwa. Bugu da kari, ''Answers Africa sun'' buga wata kasida a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 cewa tana da shekara 30. Mahaifinta sojan Esan ne kuma mahaifiyarta injiniya ce daga zuriyar Yarrabawa . Ita ce mafi kankanta a cikin sibyan uwan uku. Etomi ta halarci makarantar Corona a Victoria Island, Legas, inda ta shiga kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tun tana shekara bakwai. Bayan nan, ta halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya, Legas kafin ta koma [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] a lokacin tana da shekara 13.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|title=Africa's Best Actress of the Year; Adesua Etomi|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220846/https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pulse Nigeria">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |title=Full Interview: Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Chats With Pulse TV |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006020651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|title=Nollywood Actress Adesua Etoni: I'm from Esan Tribe from Edo State, My Mother is Yoruba|website=Naija Gists|date=2 April 2016|accessdate=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822102025/http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|title=Birthday Turnup! Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Celebrates with Gideon Okeke, Gbenro Ajibade, Osas Ighodaro, Linda Ejiofor & More|publisher=|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610223705/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/vanguardngr/docs/allure_05062016|publisher=Allure Magazine (Vanguard)|page=13|author=Yemisi Suleiman|title=AMAA Nominees 2016|date=5, June 2016|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Daga baya adesua Etomi ta sami difloma a cikin "wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri, wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide da kuma yin zane-zane" daga Makarantar Koleji ta City a shekarar 2004. Bayan kammala wadannan kwasa-kwasan a shekarar 2006 tare da rarrabewa sau uku, ta karanci wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wolverhampton, ta kammala tare da girmamawa ta farko.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Aikin fim == Amintattun finafinan Adesua Etomi sun hada da ''The Arbitration'', ''Bikin Aure'', da ''Falling'' .<ref>https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/</ref> Ayyukanta a cikin ''Falling ta'' sami kyautar Kyaututtukan Masu kallo na Afirka na 2016 don Kyautatawa cikin yan wasa. Sauran mashahuran fina-finan da ta fito a ciki sun hada da ''Labarin Soja'' (2015), ''[[ Ba a cikin Luck (fim din 2015)|Out of Luck]]'' (2015), and ''Couple of Days'' (2016). Adesua Etomi ta buga wasan kwaikwayon Shiela a karo na hudu da biyar na ''Shuga'', gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin game da rigakafin cutar kanjamau . Adesua Etomi tla fara wasa kamar Amaka Obiora, jami'in 'yan sanda mai ''leken asiri'', a cikin jerin ''manyan'' laifuffuka na ''Lasisiidi Lasisi'', wanda aka yi jita-jita a watan Yuni na shekarar 2016 a talabijin. Hakanan an ba ta cikin jerin sunayen taurari 14 na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|title=Actress, Adesua Etomi covers Vogue with 13 other ‘global superstars’|last=Published|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726042649/https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|title=NET Films: Watch O.C Ukeje and Adesua Etomi in new movie The Arbitration - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games|date=28 July 2016|publisher=|access-date=10, May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715085324/http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|title=‘The Wedding Party’ of Banky W and Adesua Etomi - Premium Times Nigeria|date=11 November 2016|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507210821/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Are You Ready for 'Lasgidi Cops: Special Crimes Unit'? Watch the Trailer of the Crime Series starring Joke Silva, Bimbo Akintola & More!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=12 May 2017|date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165843/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|title=Adesua Etomi Best Actress 2016 AMVCA ▷ All News ▷ Naij.com|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175442/https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|title=Nollywood Movie 'Falling' Which Stars Desmond Elliot And Adesua Etomi To Hit Cinemas In September - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=13 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820185725/http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|archive-date=20 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|title=This Movie Trailer is a Must Watch! Linda Ejiofor, Femi Branch, Jide Kosoko, Tope Tedela & More in 'Out of Luck'|publisher=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011430/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|title="Couple of Days": Watch Adesua Etomi, Falz, Enyinna Nwigwe, Kiki Omeili in behind the scenes|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623190031/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu & Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011530/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|title=MTV Shuga Behind the Scnenes - Adesua Etomi talks about her character Sheila in MTV Shuga 4|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102220251/http://www.mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|title=MTV Shuga character profile - Sheila|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205210959/http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar ta == Adesua Etomi ta tsoma hannu tare da Banky W a watan Fabrairun alib 2017. Ma'auratan sun yi bikin aurensu na gargajiya a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, bikin aure a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba da farin bikin aure a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2017; An kuma gudanar da bikin na karshen ne a [[Cape Town|Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu]] .<ref>{{cite web|title=#BAAD2017: Presents Banky W and Adesua Etomi’s White Wedding|url=https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|website=The Informant Spy|accessdate=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805100602/https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|archive-date=5 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|title=See photos of Banky W and Adesua Etomi at their introduction ceremony|date=2017-05-06|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523051108/http://www.thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|archive-date=23 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Jayne Augoye|title=It’s no movie, BankyW and actress Adesua Etomi announce engagement|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=3 May 2017|date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503172955/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|archive-date=3 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Fina finai == === Gajeren fim === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Lakabi !Matsayi !Bayanai |- |2013 |''The Call'' |Tara | |- |2014 |''Brave'' |Layo | |- |2014 |''Knocking On Heaven's Door'' |Debbie | |- |2015 |''Falling'' |Muna | |- |2015 |''A Soldier's Story'' |Lebari | |- |2015 |''Out of Luck'' |Bisola | |- |2016 |''Couple of Days'' |Nina | |- |2016 |''The Arbitration'' |Dara Olujobi | |- |2016 |''Something Wicked''<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/</ref> | | |- |2016 |''The Wedding Party'' |Dunni Coker | |- |2016 |''Ayamma: Music In The Desert'' |Ayamma/Iko/Ihuoma | |- |2017 |''10 Days In Sun City'' |Bianca | |- |2017 |''The Wedding Party 2'' |Dunni Onwuka | |- |2018 |''Date Night'' | | |- |2018 |''King of Boys'' |Adekemi Salami | |- |2018 |''Memoirs of 4'' | | |- |2018 |''Up North'' |Zainab | |- |2019 |''Muna'' |Muna | |- |2019 |''Malika: Warrior Queen'' |Malika |} ''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://youneekstudios.com/malika/|title=Malika: Warrior Queen|website=YouNeek Studios|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124173053/http://youneekstudios.com/malika|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|title=Adesua Etomi-Wellington Shines In Action Film, ‘Muna'|publisher=[[Leadership]]|accessdate=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613105529/https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|archive-date=13 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu & Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122221422/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|title=Movie Review: Knocking On Heaven's Door - 360Nobs.com|author=Efeturi|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011531/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|title=Trailer For Short Nigerian Film BRAVE Starring Wole Ojo and Adesua Etomi|author=Mistah Cole|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011533/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|title=A Soldier’s Story – Featuring Linda Ejiofor, Tope Tedela, Adesua Etomi, Daniel K Daniel|work=Pride Magazine Nigeria|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011426/http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|title='Out of Luck': Watch Femi Branch, Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Niyi Johnson in trailer|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184843/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thenet.ng">{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|title=Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days'Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days' - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|title=Watch Adesua Etomi, Gbenro Ajibade & More In The Trailer For 'Memoirs Of 4'|last=Animashaun|first=Damilola|date=2018-02-20|website=Konbini Nigeria|language=en-NG|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|title=Anticipate AY Makun’s Next Movie "10 Days In Sun City" starring Richard Mofe-Damijo, Adesua Etomi, 2Baba & More - See More BTS Photos & a New Teaser - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217034316/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|title="Ayanmma : Music in the Forest": Photos of Adesua Etomi, Wale Ojo, Majid Michel, Ime Bishop on set|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622162744/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|title=The Star-Studded Teaser for 'The Arbitration' is Here, Starring O.C Ukeje, Adesua Etomi, Ireti Doyle, Sola Fosudo, Beverly Naya & More|publisher=BellaNaija|date=2 August 2016|access-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623143342/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|title=Watch the Teaser of “Something Wicked” starring Ireti Doyle, Okey Uzoeshi, Adesua Etomi, Gabriel Afolayan, Beverly Naya & More|publisher=|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133716/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|title=Banky W, Adesua Etomi, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Ireti Doyle, Sola Sobowale & More to Star in EbonyLife Films' "The Wedding Party" - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=9 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917181814/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>'' === Fim din talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Lakabi !Matsayi !Bayanai |- |2012 |''Smooth Promotions'' |Reporter/Presenter |TV Station |- |2014 |''Gidi Up'' (season 2) ''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|title=Cast - MTV Shuga|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512020606/http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>'' |Sharon |Series |- |2015 |''Las Gidi Cops <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|title=Adesua Etomi, Sharon Ezeamaka, Others: TV series stars spend time with fans ahead of season|author=Vwovwe Egbo|date=5 September 2015|work=pulse.ng|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083258/http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>'' |Amaka Obiora |Series |- |2015 |''Shuga'' (season 4) ''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|title=Watch episode 8 of "MTV Shuga: Down South"|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511034123/http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>'' |Sheila |Series |- |2017 |''Shuga: Down South <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|title=Edwin Ikenna Madu: Reviewing ‘Lasgidi Cops – Special Crimes Unit’|author=Edwin I. Madu|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220092347/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|archive-date=20 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|title=Meet the Stars of Gidi Up, Season 2|work=Encomium Magazine|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123945/http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>'' |Sheila |Series |} === Wasa a tiyata === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Lakabi !Matsayi !Kamfanin wasa |- |2004 |''The Crucible'' |John Proctor |City College Production |- |2005 |''Miss Saigon'' |John Thomas |City College Production |- |2006 |''Jesus Christ Superstar'' |Judas |City College Production |- |2008 |''Fractal'' |The Oppressed |Arena Theatre |- |2009 |''The Grimm Tales'' |Dwarf/Witch |Arena Theatre |- |2009 |''Not My Cup Of Tea'' |Immigrant |Arena Theatre |- |2012 |''The Miller's Tale'' |Alice |Saga Tiata - Edinburge Fringe Festival |- |2013 |''Anatomy Of A Woman'' |Bolatito |Lagos Theater Festival |- |2013 |''Shattered'' |Loveth |Paw Studios |- |2013 |''Crystal Slippers'' |Sewa |Thespian Family Theater |- |2013 |''London Life Lagos Living'' |Sue |Paw Studios |- |2013 |''Saro'' |Rume |Bap Productions |- |2013 |''Secret Life Of Baba Segi's Wives'' |Segi |Joos and Joms Productions |- |2014 |''Band Aid'' |- |2014 |''Make We Waka'' |Chantelle |Look Left Look Right |- |2014 |''Saro <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|title=Majmua Theatre brings Band Aid, the Christmas edition to the Muson [DETAILS] - YNaija|first=|last=YManager|date=17 November 2014|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011438/https://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|title=2014: New faces to watch in Nigerian arts|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104150228/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|title=THE RETURN OF SARO THE MUSICAL, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708085105/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>'' |Rume |Bap Productions |} === Amfani da miryan ta === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !MatsayI !Kamfani |- |2013 |Taste Bud |Fanta |- |2014 |Fan |Solo Phones |} == Lamban girma == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Lamban girma !Aji !Masu zuwa !Sakamako |- |2009 |Foresight Theater Awards |Best Performance in a devised Piece of work |Herself |Won |- |2014 |2014 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards |Most Promising Actress |''Knocking on Heaven's Door'' |Nominated |- |2014 |Nollywood Reinvented Awards |Best New Actress |Herself |Won |- |2015 |Golden Movie Awards |Golden Actress in a Lead Role |''Falling'' |Nominated |- |2015 |Golden Movie Awards |Discovery of the Year |Herself |Won |- |2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Best New Actress |Herself |Nominated |- |2015 |2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards |Best Actress |''Falling'' |Nominated |- |2015 |2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards |Best On-screen duo | |Nominated |- |2015 |2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards |Female Viewer's Choice |Herself |Nominated |- |2015 |ELOY Awards |Actress of the Year - Big screen |''Falling'' |Won |- |2015 |ELOY Awards |Actress of the Year - Television |''Gidi Up'' |Nominated |- |2016 |2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards |Best Actress in a Drama (Movie/TV series) |''Falling'' |Won |- |2016 |12th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Actress in Leading role |''Falling'' |Nominated |- |2016 |Golden Movie Awards |Golden Actress |''Falling'' |Nominated |- |2016 |Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Actress in Leading Role |''Falling'' |Nominated |- |2016 |ELOY awards |Actress of the year - Big Screen |''The Arbitration'' |Nominated |- |2017 |2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards |Best Actress Drama/TV Series |''The Arbitration'' |Nominated |- |2017 |2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Best Lead Actress In A Film |Ayamma |Nominated |} == Manazarta == <br /> 2bdr4kqlbzkk0b5ha7x2l6qob77dfsf 0 13982 551995 425981 2024-12-05T04:24:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bukky Wright''' (an haife ta a 31 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1967) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a kasar [[Najeriya]],<ref>"Garlands or evergreen actress Bukky Wright". ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 2021-04-03. Retrieved 2022-03-16.</ref> 'yar kasuwa sannan kuma 'yar siyasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibakatv.com/celeb/bukky-wright|title=Bukky Wright|website=Ibakatv|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143915/http://ibakatv.com/celeb/bukky-wright|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bukky Wright VS Fathia Balogun: Who’s the better role interpreter?|publisher=Sun News|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=87762|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref>Ita ke gudanar da gidan kwalliya na ''B Collections'' da kuma gidan tausa da kwalliya na ''B Wright.''<ref>"Bukky Wright, Nollywood actress (BEAUTY SECRETS OF THE RICH AND FAMOUS)". Encomium. Retrieved March 27, 2015.</ref><ref>Victor Akande (March 16, 2014). "Bukky Wright to open beauty spa". The Nation. Retrieved March 27, 2015.</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haife Bukky a ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1967 ga mahaifi [[Kirista|Krista]] da mahaifiya [[Musulmi|musulma]] a [[Abeokuta]].<ref>Samod Biobaku (March 25, 2013). "10 things that make Bukky Wright stand out". Newswatch Times. Archived from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2015.</ref> Ta halarci Jami’ar Legas, inda ta samu takardar digiri a fannin tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite web|title=Screen celebrities that will sizzle in 2015|publisher=Nigerian Guardian|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/01/screen-celebrities-that-will-sizzle-in-2015-2/|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name="news">{{cite news|url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/10-things-that-make-bukky-wright-stand-out/|publisher=Newswatch Times|title=10 things that make Bukky Wright stand out|author=Samod Biobaku|date=March 25, 2013|accessdate=March 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129155823/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/10-things-that-make-bukky-wright-stand-out/|archive-date=January 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fim da aikin Kasuwanci == Bukky ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1996. Ta fito a cikin fina -finai da yawa na daga fina -finan Nollywood na Yarukan Yarbanci da Turanci, gami da shirin telebijin na Wale Adenuga wato ''Super story''. Bayan aikatawa, tana gudanar da gidajen kwalliya, da wurin shakatawa mai kyau, ''B Wright''. Ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi tare da kamfanonin kamar Chivita. A shekarar 2011, ta ci lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Nollywood na shekara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Most Successful Actresses in Nigeria Today (2020)|url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/most-successful-actresses-in-nigeria/|last=Tame|first=Annie|date=2020-04-01|website=Nigerian Infopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26|archive-date=2020-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422035404/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/most-successful-actresses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/bukky-wright-open-beauty-spa/|publisher=The Nation|title=Bukky Wright to open beauty spa|author=Victor Akande|date=March 16, 2014|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=Encomium|title=Bukky Wright, Nollywood actress (BEAUTY SECRETS OF THE RICH AND FAMOUS)|url=http://encomium.ng/bukky-wright-nollywood-actress-beauty-secrets-of-the-rich-and-famous/|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/22689/1/top-actress-bukky-wright-loses-n40m-to-con-men.html|title=Top Actress, Bukky Wright loses 40M to Con men|publisher=Nigeria films|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093029/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/22689/1/top-actress-bukky-wright-loses-n40m-to-con-men.html|archivedate=April 3, 2015}}</ref> == Siyasa == A shekarar 2014, Bukky Wright ta tsaya takarar neman mukami a majalisar dokokin [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] a karkashin jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) wanda tsohon gwamna Olusegun Osoba ke jagoranta .<ref>{{cite web|website=Nigeriafilms|title=Bukky Wright glows as her political ambition beams|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/30531/15/bukky-wright-glows-as-her-political-ambition-beams.html|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229013305/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/30531/15/bukky-wright-glows-as-her-political-ambition-beams.html|archivedate=December 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Vanguard|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/11/believe-leadership-aremo-olusegun-osoba-bukky-wright/|date=November 30, 2014|title=I believe in the leadership of Aremo Olusegun Osoba – Bukky Wright|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/11/bukky-wright-in-politics-to-halt-marginalisation-of-ogun-women/|title=Bukky Wright in politics to halt marginalisation of women|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Rayuwar aure ta Bukky ta kasance abin fada. Ba'a san abin da yawa game da rayuwar aurenta wanda ta ɓoye su ga kafofin watsa labarai. Ko ta yaya, ta ci gaba da cewa “Mijina cikakken mutum ne kuma na gode Allah saboda rayuwarsa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/21803/40/stardom-took-my-marriage-bukky-wright.html|title=Stardom took My marriage|website=Nigeria films|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143036/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/21803/40/stardom-took-my-marriage-bukky-wright.html|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/bukky-wright-keeps-mum-over-marriage-crisis/|title=Bukky Wright keeps mum over marriage crisis|publisher=The Punch|date=August 2, 2014|author1=Nonye Ben-Nwankwo|author2=Ademola Olonilua|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143342/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/bukky-wright-keeps-mum-over-marriage-crisis/|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/15556/9/top-actress-bukky-wright-enmeshed-in-multiple-biga.html|title=Top Actress Bukky Wright enmeshed in multiple bigamy|date=January 20, 2012|website=Nigeria films|accessdate=March 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406230536/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/15556/9/top-actress-bukky-wright-enmeshed-in-multiple-biga.html|archivedate=April 6, 2015}}</ref> A zahiri, wasu mutane ma za su yi amfani da shi don su ɓoye ni lokacin da ban dauki rubutunsu ba. Na sami damar sassaka wannan 'yar sirrin don kaina, miji da yara. Har ya zuwa yanzu zan iya fada muku game da shi. ” Tana da 'ya'ya maza guda biyu, Eniola da Gbenga. Ta zama kakarsa yayin da ɗayan 'ya'yanta suka haifi ɗa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bukky Wright in the class of grandmothers|url=http://www.newsofthepeople-ng.com/bukky-wright-in-the-class-of-grand-mothers/|accessdate=March 27, 2015|publisher=News of the People}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/hello-grandma-bukky-wright-welcomes-first-grandchild-id3059559.html|title=Hello Grandma! Bukky Wright Welcomes First Grandchild|publisher=The Pulse|author=Onnaedo Okafor|date=August 14, 2014|accessdate=March 27, 2014|archive-date=August 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818190450/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/hello-grandma-bukky-wright-welcomes-first-grandchild-id3059559.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/community-news/item/21565-why-i-always-have-problems-with-people-–bukky-wright.html|publisher=Nigerian Tribune|title=Why I always have problem with people|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1131971-actress-bukky-wright-biography.html|title=The complete story of the beautiful and bright Nollywood star Bukky Wright|last=Adoti|first=Olive|date=2017-12-03|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> == Zaɓin fim ɗin == * ''Saworo ide'' (1999) * ''Above Love'' (2004) * ''Abeni'' (2006) * ''Outkast'' (2011) * ''Kodun Kopo Kope (KKK)'' * ''Omotara Johnson'' * ''Ba za a iya gafartawa ba'' * ''Afefe Alaafia'' * ''Dugbe Dugbe <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/04/09/uti-nwachukwu-bukky-wright-akin-lewis-bimbo-manuel-star-in-teco-bensons-new-movie-red-hot-watch-the-trailer/|title=Uti Nwachukwu, Bukky Wright, Akin Lewis & Bimbo Manuel Star in Teco Benson’s New Movie "Red Hot"|publisher=Bella Naija|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref>'' * Nkem Temi * Ago Meje * ''Oko Nnene'' * ''Habitat'' * ''Red Hot'' (2013) * ''Iyore'' (2014) * ''[[When Love Happens|When Love Happens]] (2014)'' (2014) * ''[[Special Jollof]]'' (2020) == Manazartai == {{Reflist|2}} 6vldn82crnn9t0ezvvtfnpsjabjbukt 0 14563 552012 549407 2024-12-05T06:00:21Z Hamza DK 12444 552012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Kohler sewing machine.jpg|thumb|Keken dinki]] [[File:Woman sewing a face mask with a Singer machine 06.jpg|thumb|mace nadinki DA keke]] [[File:Casige Toy Sewing Machine.jpg|thumb|keken dinkin hannu]] [[File:Sewing dress.jpg|thumb|Keken singa]] [[File:Sewing machine (Afeer), Oude Pekela (2020) 02.jpg|thumb|Farin kai]] [[File:Elna Lotus Sewing Machine Closed.png|thumb|jakar keken dinki]] [[Fayil:Yaro yana ɗinki.jpg|thumb|y]] '''Keken dinki''' Wani na'ura ne dake amfani da ita wajen dunka kayan sakawa ko na amfani, irinsu takalma, jaka, fatan agogo, bargo, yadin kujera, jaka, akwati, ds-ds. Keken dinkin ya kasu kashi kashi akwai me amfani da wutan lantarki ( industrial) domin dinki akwai me amfani DArfly).Yaya sunan kayan jikin keken dinki ===Tarihi=== [[Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal]] Injiniya ne haifaffen Jamus da ke aiki a Ingila, an ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Biritaniya don na'urar injiniya don taimakawa fasahar dinki, a shekarar 1755.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine</ref> A shekara ta 1790, wani ɗan ƙasar Ingila Thomas Saint ya ƙirƙiro na'urar ɗinki ta farko. ==Amfani== Ana amfani da keken dinki wajen dinka abubuwa da dama amman babban aikin keken dinki shine na dinka kayan sawa irinsu Riga, wando ds-ds. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} pv6v1dg9c1png4eb4v1vppyssl64jke 0 14672 551724 518335 2024-12-04T14:14:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ZappMallet.jpg|thumb|Zapp Mallet]] [[Fayil:ZappMallet.jpg|thumb|Zapp Mallet]] '''Emmanuel Mallet''' ko '''Zapp Mallet''' wanda aka fi sani, da Zapp Mallet gogaggen injiniya ne mai rikodin ƙasar Ghana kuma furodusa ne. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara kirkirar tarihin rayuwar rayuwa wanda ya fara a farkon shekarun 1990 a Ghana. Haka kuma an yarda da shi a matsayin injiniyan rikodi,kaɗai da ya ci lambar yabo ta Ghana Music sau uku a jere; 1999, 2000, 2001.<ref><nowiki>http://www.pinnaclegh.com</nowiki>,"Zapp Mallet in Focus", Modern Ghana, 9 September 2009.</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Zapp a Accra, Ghana. Ya yi karatun sakandare a makarantar Accra daga 1975 zuwa 1982. Ya ci gaba zuwa Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi inda ya karanci dabarun wallafe-wallafe don digirin sa na farko. Wasu daga cikin kwarewar Zapp a cikin kide-kide sune a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare lokacin da ya buga wa duriyar kungiyar makarantar Accra Academy. A matakin jami'a, ya sami damar ƙara kunnawar guitar da guitar ta fasahar sa. Daga baya ya fito fili don wasu kungiyoyin kirista tare da fasahar sa a Accra da Kumasi.<ref>Star Buzz,"High-life Music Will Be Totally Dead – Zapp Mallet", Star Buzz, 29 March 2018</ref><ref>Emmanuel Ghansah,"Legendary producer Zapp Mallet out with a new album; Aayalolo", ghana news, 27 March 2019</ref><ref>Owusu, Hilda (2010-09-02). "Zap! Like a Mallet". ''Daily Graphic''. Retrieved 2019-07-04.</ref> == Aiki == Zapp ya fara yin rakodi a ɗakuna daban-daban kafin ya kafa nasa situdiyo da kamfani; Title Track Productions Limited. Ya fara yin rikodi a Studio na ARC a Tema, ya koma CH Studio a Accra sannan daga baya ya koma Kampsite. Kafin ya mallaki nasa studio ya yi rikodin a T.L.C. Studio. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Zapp ya yi aiki tare da manyan mashahuran Ghanaan ƙasar Ghana da mawaƙan kide-kide na duniya daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan masu fasaha sun haɗa da; Kojo Antwi, Ofori Amponsah, Daasebre Gyamena, Nana Fynn, Becca, Irene Logan Nana Quame da Wutah dukkansu na cikin manyan wuraren da ake kira 'highlife circus'. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na hiplife Zapp ya yi aiki tare da Reggie Rockstone, Lord Kenya, Obour da Akyeame. A cikin nau'ikan bishara ya yi aiki tare da; Tagoe Sisters, Suzzy da Matt da Helena Rhabbles.<ref>Daily Guide,"Burger Highlife musicians in concert", Modern Ghana, 19 February 2008</ref><ref name=":0">Asiwome Tei-Mati,"Mallet disqualified from Contesting", Kasapa fm online, 15 April 2019</ref> A shekarar 2008, Zapp yayi aiki a karamin kwamitin bude gasar da rufewa na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Afirka (afcon) wacce kasar Ghana ta dauki nauyi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kiɗa da garaya don yawon shakatawa na burger babban taron da Goethe-Institut ta shirya a cikin 2008 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin 51th ranar Ghana ta samun 'yancin kai. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali mazaunin da kuma baƙon alƙali a kan shirye-shiryen kiɗa da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da; Stars of the future, Mentor, Nescafe African Revelation da MTN Hitmaker show. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin tsara lambobin yabo na Wakokin Ghana kuma mai gudanarwa a WAPI; wani zane-zane da dandamali na katsewa wanda kungiyar Birtaniyya ta shirya. Sha'awar Zapp tana tattare da nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗa kamar mu Rock, Jazz, Orchestra da Pop waɗanda muka haɗu da raƙuman Afirka don ƙirƙirar sabbin sauti. A shekarar 2019, ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin kasar na [[:en:Musicians_Union_of_Ghana|Musicians Union of Ghana]] (MUSIGA). Daga baya an cire shi saboda bai rike mukamin zartarwa a kungiyar ba. Zapp ya kasance tushen kwarin gwiwa ga injiniyoyin sauti da yawa a Ghana, sanannen daga cikinsu shine mashahurin Hammer na Twoarshe Biyu wanda aka yi wa wahayi don fara aikinsa a cikin injiniyar sauti bayan haɗuwa da Zapp Mallet kuma ya ga kayan aikin a ɗakin karatunsa a lokacin Zapp yana rikodin kundin kundin Reggie Rockstone.<ref>Kasapafmonline.com,"Zapp Mallet’s studio inspired me to be a music engineer – Da Hammer", Ghanaweb, 6 March 2019</ref> == Rigimar Hiplife == Hiplife gabaɗaya nau'in kiɗan Ghana ne wanda ke haɗa wasu abubuwa na hiphop tare da highlife. An kafa nau'in halittar hiplife ne a kasar Ghana a farkon shekarun 1990. Zapp tare da Michael Cooke sun kirkiri sunan hiplife lokacin da suke tunani kan wane suna za a iya ba wa jinsi, sun ƙare da sunan hiplife ta hanyar haɗuwa da "hip" a cikin hiphop da "rayuwa" a cikin babban rayuwar. Mawaki na farko da ya yi rikodin waƙa tare da nau'in kiɗa na sama an san shi Reggie Rockstone. Kundin nasa; Makaa maka shi ne kundin tarihin rayuwar rayuwar farko da aka fara dauka. Zapp yayi aiki a kan wasu rikodin farko na Reggie; ''agoo'', ''Tsoo Boi'' da ''Night life'' a Accra. Zapp ya yi iƙirarin cewa Reggie ba za a iya zama shi kaɗai ba da za a yaba da kafuwar salon kidan hiplife tun da akwai wasu da ke da hannu wajen yin kidan wanda ya hada da; mai yin duka, injiniyan sauti, furodusoshi da sauransu. Reggie a gefe guda yana jayayya akasin cewa shi ne kawai ya kafa nau'in. Ya kara da cewa Zapp bai san da yawa game da kiɗan rap ba kuma ya taimaka masa ya fahimci tushen waƙar rap. Saboda haka, ba zai yiwu ba ga mutumin da bai san komai ba game da jinsi ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwar nau'in. Rex Omar shahararren mawakin wasan kwaikwayon nan na kasar Ghana ya shiga tattaunawar yana mai cewa Reggie shi ne na farko da ya fara kida a salon rayuwa amma duk da haka ya fara jin sunan "hiplife" daga Zapp. Daga baya Reggie ya nemi afuwa ga Zapp saboda kalaman da ya yi ta talabijin da rediyo dangane da tattaunawar wanda ya assasa jinsin hiplife. Reggie ya bayyana cewa maganganun nasa sun kasance ne sakamakon tsananin tashin hankali da shigar da motsin rai. Ya yi imanin huhun Zapp yunƙurin ɓata shi ne don ƙirƙirar samfuran samari masu fasaha na Gana da yawa ke amfana da shi.<ref>Oris Aigbokhaevbolo,"Hiplife in Ghana", Modern Ghana, 8 June 2015</ref><ref>"Zapp Mallet "Reggie Is Not The Originator..."". Anapua fm. Retrieved 4 July 2019.</ref> == Kyauta da girmamawa == An gane ayyukan Zapp kuma an basu su a dandamali daban-daban. A 1994 aka yanke masa hukunci; Mafi kyawun rumwararrun rumwararrun bywararrun bywararrun Nishaɗi da al'adun ƙasar Ghana. An yanke masa hukunci a kan Injiniyan Rikodi na Gwarzo a Gwarzon Wakokin Ghana na 2002. A cikin Kyaututtukan Wakokin Ghana na 2011 ya lashe kyautar Gwarzon shekara.<ref>Livefm staff,"I taught Zapp Mallet how to play Hiphop beats – Reggie Rockstone", Live fm ghana, 7 September 2015</ref><ref>Edward Blagogee,"I first heard Hip-Life from Zapp Mallet- Rex Omar", Live fm ghana, 9 December 2015.</ref><ref>Kasapafmonline.com,"Reggie Rockstone offers apologizes to producer Zapp Mallet", ghana news, 16 September 2015</ref> == Rayuwar Kai == Zapp ya auri matarsa ​​Martha Mallet a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1993. Tare suna da yara mata biyu.<ref>asembi.com,"Meet all the winners of Ghana Music Awards since it started in 1999", Ghanaweb, 1 April 2019</ref><ref>Kobina Nyame,"Zapp Mallet Celebrates 26 Years Of Marriage On Vals Day", Modern Ghana, 14 February 2019</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Duba Kuma == * [[:en:Hiplife|Hiplife]] == Nassoshi == == Manazarta == [[category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] knu095zqpd3ybsep2p90j4lxsvdwleu 0 15013 551878 460030 2024-12-04T20:03:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aishatu Jibril Dukku''' (An haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da uku (1963) Malama ce ƴar asalin [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ce kuma ƴar [[siyasa]] ce daga [[Gombe (jiha)|jihar Gombe]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ƙaramar Ministar [[Ilimi|Ilimi ta Tarayya]] a lokacin shugabancin tsohon shugaban kasa marigayi [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar 'Adua]]. Bayan wannan lokacin kuma, tayi aiki a matsayin ƴar majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin [[Najeriya]]. A halin yanzu itace ƴar Majalisar Wakilai ta [[Najeriya]] <ref>http://nass.gov.ng/mp/profile/579</ref> mai wakiltar mazabar [[Dukku]] da [[Nafada]] ta Tarayya, a Jihar [[Gombe]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-13|title=Reps intervene in almajiri evacuation, Speaker deplores neglect|url=https://guardian.ng/news/reps-intervene-in-almajiri-evacuation-speaker-deplores-neglect-of-government-property/|access-date=2022-02-21|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221212539/https://guardian.ng/news/reps-intervene-in-almajiri-evacuation-speaker-deplores-neglect-of-government-property/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko Da Ilimi == An haifi '''Aishatu Jibril Dukku''' wacce aka fi sani da 'Mama Shatu' a garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] dake Arewacin [[Najeriya]], amma ita ƴar asalin ƙaramar hukumar [[Dukku]] ce ta jihar [[Gombe]] a [[Najeriya]]. Ta yi karatun firamare a makarantar Central Primary School, dake jihar [[Gombe]], a shekara ta alif (1970 zuwa shekarar ta alif 1976) Ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Mata da ke [[Bauchi]] daga shekara ta alif (1976 zuwa shekara ta alif 1982) sannan ta samu jarabawar kammala karatun ta (GCE). Ta yi digiri na farko a fannin ilimi a [[Jami'ar Bayero|jami'ar Bayero, Kano]] a shekarar ta alif (1986) Yanzu haka tana zaune a gidan aurenta tare da mijinta, Jamalu Arabi a gidansu da ke [[Abuja]] quater, [[Gombe]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Women in Parliament |first1=House Committee on |title=Hon. Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=hcwip |publisher=House Committee on Women in Parliament |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090329/http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiyukan Da Tayi == Aishatu Jibril Dukku ta fara aikinta na Malanta shekara ta alif 1987. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1988, Gwamnatin Jihar [[Bauchi]] ta naɗa ta a matsayin Malama mai koyar da harshen Turanci a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta ’Yan Mata ta Gwamnati, Doma, Jihar [[Gombe]]. A shekara ta alif 1990, an naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Makaranta (Vice Principal Academic) a Karamar Sakandare ta jihar [[Gombe]]. Daga shekara ta alif 1990 zuwa shekara ta alif 1994, an sake ba ta muƙami a Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta [[Bauchi]], sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwalejin (Ilimi) a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta ’Yan Mata ta Gwamnati da ke Doma a Jihar [[Gombe]] daga shekara ta alif 1994 zuwa shekara ta alif 1996 A shekarar alif 1997, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar farko ta Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati ta [[Gandu]], sannan kuma shugabar farko ta Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Mata, [[Bajoga]], jihar [[Gombe]] daga watan Mayu shekarar alif 1999 zuwa watan Maris shekara ta 2006. Daga watan Maris shekarar 2006-watan Mayu shekara 2007, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sufeto Janar na Ilimi na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Hukumar Kula da Ido ta Tarayya, [[Gombe]]. Marigayi Shugaban ƙasa Musa Ƴar 'Adua ya naɗa ta a matsayin Karamar Ministar Ilimi, Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] kuma ta rike mukamin daga ranar 26 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2007 har zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Women in Parliament |first1=House Committee on |title=Hon. Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=hcwip |publisher=House Committee on Women in Parliament |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090329/http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Harkar Siyasa == Aishatu ta fafata a babban zaɓen shekara ta, 2015 a [[Najeriya]] kuma an zabe ta a matsayin ta wakilci Mazaɓar [[Dukku]]/[[Nafada]] ta Tarayya ta jihar [[Gombe]] a majalisar wakilai. Ta jagoranci kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan lamuran zaɓe da lamuran jam’iyyun siyasa. Kuma ta kasance mamba a kwamitin amintattu na All Progressive Congress (APC).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Women in Parliament |first1=House Committee on |title=Hon. Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=hcwip |publisher=House Committee on Women in Parliament |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090329/http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jam'iyyar [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress All Progressive Congress (APC)] a jihar [[Gombe]] hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta ce ta ayyana lashe dukkanin kujerun majalisar dokokin kasar. Hajiya Aishatu Jibril [[Dukku]] ce ta lashe zaben a [[Dukku]]/[[Nafada]] Federal Constituency.<ref>{{cite news |last1=NAN |first1=News Agency of Nigeria |title=INEC Election Result 2019: APC wins all NASS seats in Gombe State |url=https://punchng.com/inec-election-result-2019-apc-wins-all-nass-seats-in-gombe-state/ |accessdate=18 March 2019 |agency=News Agency of Nigeria |publisher=The Punch Newspaper |date=26 February 2019}}</ref> Aishatu ta mai da hankali ga sha'awar majalissarta kan ilimin yarinyar, tallafawa mata da matasa, da kuma rage talauci da kuma koyon sana'o'i. Ta himmatu ga ƙafa makarantu, cibiyoyin neman fasahohi, shirye-shiryen ba da tallafin karatu ga matasa da sauran ayyukan makamantan su.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Biography |first1=Nigerian |title=Biography of Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/01/biography-of-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=nigerianbiography |publisher=Nigerian Biography by Uche & Maureen |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329074411/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/01/biography-of-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyautuka da Girmamawa == Aishatu ta samu kyaututtuka da dama na gida da waje, harma da kuma kyaututtuka daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati. Kuma a yanzu haka tana rike da sarautar gargajiya ta Gimbiyar [[Dukku]] da Jakad Yar [[Dass]] ta Farko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Biography |first1=Nigerian |title=Biography of Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/01/biography-of-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=nigerianbiography |publisher=Nigerian Biography by Uche & Maureen |accessdate=18 March 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta halarci taron ƙarawa juna sani na gida da na waje, bitoci da taro.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Women in Parliament |first1=House Committee on |title=Hon. Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=hcwip |publisher=House Committee on Women in Parliament |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090329/http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafe == Aishatu tana da wallafe-wallafe guda biyu (2) wanda ta yaba mata: 1. ''Halayyar Malamai game da amfani da Lada da Hukunci'' ; da 2. ''Ilimin Yara Mata-Yara a [[Gombe]] ta Arewa: Hanya Gaba''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Women in Parliament |first1=House Committee on |title=Hon. Aishatu Jibril Dukku |url=http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |website=hcwip/ |publisher=House Committee on Women in Parliament |accessdate=18 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090329/http://www.hcwip.org/hon-aishatu-jibril-dukku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] 7pioxrovj9oec0wj5xm4lxyuo6mea1k 0 15028 552270 520561 2024-12-05T09:50:10Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Dolapo_Osinbajo_2022_(sq_cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Dolapo Osinbajo]] '''Dolapo Osinbajo''', ''née'' '''Soyode''' (an haife tane a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekaran 1967) Ta kasan ce lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Najeriya. Matar Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa Kasa [[Yemi Osinbajo]], tun a shekarar 2015 ta kasan ce Uwar gidan mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma mace ta biyu a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="Balogun">Yahaya Balogun, [https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/ Dolapo Osinbajo: A cultural icon!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219083300/https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/|date=2019-12-19}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 10 July 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> [[File:Governor_Rochas_Okorocha_of_Imo_State,_Mrs._Uloma_Nwosu_(MD_House_of_Freeda),_Mrs_Dolapo_Osinbajo_(Wife_of_the_Vice_President_of_Nigeria),_Mrs_Nkechi_Okorocha_(_Wife_of_the_Imo_State_Governor).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gwamna Rochas Okorocha na Jihar Imo, Uloma Nwosu (MD House of Freeda), Mrs Dolapo Osinbajo (Matar Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya), Misis Nkechi Okorocha (Matar Gwamnan Jihar Imo).]] == Kuruciya da aiki == An haifi Dolapo Osinbajo a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1967, kuma ta girma a [[Ikenne]]. <ref name="ThisDay">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/30/yemi-and-dolapo-osinbajo-the-30-years-love-story/ Yemi and Dolapo Osinbajo: The 30 Years Love Story], ''This Day'', 30 November 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ita jika ce ga [[Obafemi Awolowo]], dan siyasan Najeriya kuma mai matsayi a sarautan [[Yarbawa]], <ref name="Balogun"/> da matarsa Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo, ta cibiyar diyar Awolowo Ayodele Soyode (née Awolowo), Ta auri Yemi Osinbajo, wanda dan uwanta ne na nesa, a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1989. Ta kuma zama kwararrar lauya (a kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya) a shekarar 1990. <ref name="ThisDay"/> Dolapo Osinbajo ita ce Babbar Darakta a kungiyar mata mai suna Women's Helping Hand Initiative, wata gidauniya ce a garin Epe, Lagos, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2014, kuma ita ce ta kirkiro kungiyar Orderly Society Trust. == Ayyuka a Matsayin Uwargida Na Biyu == [[Fayil:Dolapo Osinbajo (01912099) (51932137015).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] [[Fayil:Rafael Mariano Grossi welcomes Dolapo Osinbajo (01912101) (51931849129).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] A watan Satumbar shekarar 2019 ta shugabanci taron 49th Benue Women in Prayer (BEWIP), a [[Makurdi]]. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/take-all-your-worries-to-the-lord-dolapo-osinbajo-tells-women/ Take all your worries to the Lord, Dolapo Osinbajo tells women]. ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', 14 September 2019. Accessed 15 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma bude gidan yara na Mama Abyol da kuma Cibiyar Binuwai ta Bunkasa Kirare kere kere (BENCEDI). A jawabinta ga matasa a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benuwe]], ta gargade su kan yunƙurin kwafar salon rayuwa na yaudarar intanet. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/15/read-dolapo-osinbajos-timely-advice-to-youths-about-internet/ Read Dolapo Osinbajo’s timely advice to youths about internet], ''[[P.N. News]]'', 15 September 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Yayin da take zantawa da 'yan matan da suka kammala makaranta a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a watan Disambar 2019, ta kiraye su da su kasance masu riƙon amana a abin kwaikwayo ga na kasa da su. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/12/04/dolapo-osinbajo-sends-message-to-out-of-school-girls/ Dolapo Osinbajo sends message to out-of-school girls], ''P. M. News'', 4 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma nuna halin cin zarafin mata a matsayin cin zarafin daukakin al'umma ne. <ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/abuse-against-women-is-offence-against-humanity-says-dolapo-osinbajo/ Abuse against women is offence against humanity, says Dolapo Osinbajo]{{Dead link|date=June 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 5 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> A tsakiyar watan Disambar 2019, Uwargidan Shugaban kasar Najeriya, [[Aisha Buhari]], ta nada Osinbajo - tare da matan gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya a matsayin zakarun da zasu jagoranci yaki da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] a Najeriya. <ref>Nike Adebowale, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/368054-aisha-buhari-names-dolapo-osinbajo-governors-wives-as-tb-champions.html Aisha Buhari names Dolapo Osinbajo, governors’ wives as TB champions], ''[[Premium Times]]'', 13 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> == Ayyuka == ** ''They Call Me Mama: Daga littafin Under Bridge Diaries''. 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osinbajo, Dolapo}} [[Category:Mata Yan siyasa a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Mata marubuta]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] k0rc2xx0tjzrt4c2vf2t6e95bvz7j6f 552271 552270 2024-12-05T09:50:35Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Dolapo_Osinbajo_2022_(sq_cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Dolapo Osinbajo]] '''Dolapo Osinbajo''', ''née'' '''Soyode''' (an haife tane a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekaran 1967) Ta kasan ce lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Najeriya. Matar Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa [[Yemi Osinbajo]], tun a shekarar 2015 ta kasan ce Uwar gidan mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma mace ta biyu a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="Balogun">Yahaya Balogun, [https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/ Dolapo Osinbajo: A cultural icon!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219083300/https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/|date=2019-12-19}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 10 July 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> [[File:Governor_Rochas_Okorocha_of_Imo_State,_Mrs._Uloma_Nwosu_(MD_House_of_Freeda),_Mrs_Dolapo_Osinbajo_(Wife_of_the_Vice_President_of_Nigeria),_Mrs_Nkechi_Okorocha_(_Wife_of_the_Imo_State_Governor).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gwamna Rochas Okorocha na Jihar Imo, Uloma Nwosu (MD House of Freeda), Mrs Dolapo Osinbajo (Matar Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya), Misis Nkechi Okorocha (Matar Gwamnan Jihar Imo).]] == Kuruciya da aiki == An haifi Dolapo Osinbajo a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1967, kuma ta girma a [[Ikenne]]. <ref name="ThisDay">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/30/yemi-and-dolapo-osinbajo-the-30-years-love-story/ Yemi and Dolapo Osinbajo: The 30 Years Love Story], ''This Day'', 30 November 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ita jika ce ga [[Obafemi Awolowo]], dan siyasan Najeriya kuma mai matsayi a sarautan [[Yarbawa]], <ref name="Balogun"/> da matarsa Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo, ta cibiyar diyar Awolowo Ayodele Soyode (née Awolowo), Ta auri Yemi Osinbajo, wanda dan uwanta ne na nesa, a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1989. Ta kuma zama kwararrar lauya (a kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya) a shekarar 1990. <ref name="ThisDay"/> Dolapo Osinbajo ita ce Babbar Darakta a kungiyar mata mai suna Women's Helping Hand Initiative, wata gidauniya ce a garin Epe, Lagos, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2014, kuma ita ce ta kirkiro kungiyar Orderly Society Trust. == Ayyuka a Matsayin Uwargida Na Biyu == [[Fayil:Dolapo Osinbajo (01912099) (51932137015).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] [[Fayil:Rafael Mariano Grossi welcomes Dolapo Osinbajo (01912101) (51931849129).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] A watan Satumbar shekarar 2019 ta shugabanci taron 49th Benue Women in Prayer (BEWIP), a [[Makurdi]]. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/take-all-your-worries-to-the-lord-dolapo-osinbajo-tells-women/ Take all your worries to the Lord, Dolapo Osinbajo tells women]. ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', 14 September 2019. Accessed 15 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma bude gidan yara na Mama Abyol da kuma Cibiyar Binuwai ta Bunkasa Kirare kere kere (BENCEDI). A jawabinta ga matasa a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benuwe]], ta gargade su kan yunƙurin kwafar salon rayuwa na yaudarar intanet. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/15/read-dolapo-osinbajos-timely-advice-to-youths-about-internet/ Read Dolapo Osinbajo’s timely advice to youths about internet], ''[[P.N. News]]'', 15 September 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Yayin da take zantawa da 'yan matan da suka kammala makaranta a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a watan Disambar 2019, ta kiraye su da su kasance masu riƙon amana a abin kwaikwayo ga na kasa da su. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/12/04/dolapo-osinbajo-sends-message-to-out-of-school-girls/ Dolapo Osinbajo sends message to out-of-school girls], ''P. M. News'', 4 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma nuna halin cin zarafin mata a matsayin cin zarafin daukakin al'umma ne. <ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/abuse-against-women-is-offence-against-humanity-says-dolapo-osinbajo/ Abuse against women is offence against humanity, says Dolapo Osinbajo]{{Dead link|date=June 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 5 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> A tsakiyar watan Disambar 2019, Uwargidan Shugaban kasar Najeriya, [[Aisha Buhari]], ta nada Osinbajo - tare da matan gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya a matsayin zakarun da zasu jagoranci yaki da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] a Najeriya. <ref>Nike Adebowale, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/368054-aisha-buhari-names-dolapo-osinbajo-governors-wives-as-tb-champions.html Aisha Buhari names Dolapo Osinbajo, governors’ wives as TB champions], ''[[Premium Times]]'', 13 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> == Ayyuka == ** ''They Call Me Mama: Daga littafin Under Bridge Diaries''. 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osinbajo, Dolapo}} [[Category:Mata Yan siyasa a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Mata marubuta]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] pprcmspg4f3y0ku54r15wvyqmea8eq4 552272 552271 2024-12-05T09:50:58Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Dolapo_Osinbajo_2022_(sq_cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Dolapo Osinbajo]] '''Dolapo Osinbajo''', ''née'' '''Soyode''' (an haife tane a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekaran 1967) Ta kasan ce lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Najeriya. Matar Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa [[Yemi Osinbajo]], tun a shekarar 2015 ta kasan ce Uwar gidan mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma mace ta biyu a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="Balogun">Yahaya Balogun, [https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/ Dolapo Osinbajo: A cultural icon!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219083300/https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/|date=2019-12-19}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 10 July 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> [[File:Governor_Rochas_Okorocha_of_Imo_State,_Mrs._Uloma_Nwosu_(MD_House_of_Freeda),_Mrs_Dolapo_Osinbajo_(Wife_of_the_Vice_President_of_Nigeria),_Mrs_Nkechi_Okorocha_(_Wife_of_the_Imo_State_Governor).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gwamna Rochas Okorocha na Jihar Imo, Uloma Nwosu (MD House of Freeda), Mrs Dolapo Osinbajo (Matar Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya), Misis Nkechi Okorocha (Matar Gwamnan Jihar Imo).]] == Kuruciya da aiki == An haifi Dolapo Osinbajo a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1967, kuma ta girma a [[Ikenne]]. <ref name="ThisDay">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/30/yemi-and-dolapo-osinbajo-the-30-years-love-story/ Yemi and Dolapo Osinbajo: The 30 Years Love Story], ''This Day'', 30 November 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ita jika ce ga [[Obafemi Awolowo]], dan siyasan Najeriya kuma mai matsayi a sarautan [[Yarbawa]], <ref name="Balogun"/> da matarsa Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo, ta cibiyar diyar Awolowo Ayodele Soyode (née Awolowo), Ta auri Yemi Osinbajo, wanda dan uwanta ne na nesa, a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1989. Ta kuma zama kwararrar lauya (a kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya) a shekarar 1990. <ref name="ThisDay"/> Dolapo Osinbajo ita ce Babbar Darakta a kungiyar mata mai suna Women's Helping Hand Initiative, wata gidauniya ce a garin Epe, Lagos, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2014, kuma ita ce ta ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Orderly Society Trust. == Ayyuka a Matsayin Uwargida Na Biyu == [[Fayil:Dolapo Osinbajo (01912099) (51932137015).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] [[Fayil:Rafael Mariano Grossi welcomes Dolapo Osinbajo (01912101) (51931849129).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] A watan Satumbar shekarar 2019 ta shugabanci taron 49th Benue Women in Prayer (BEWIP), a [[Makurdi]]. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/take-all-your-worries-to-the-lord-dolapo-osinbajo-tells-women/ Take all your worries to the Lord, Dolapo Osinbajo tells women]. ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', 14 September 2019. Accessed 15 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma bude gidan yara na Mama Abyol da kuma Cibiyar Binuwai ta Bunkasa Kirare kere kere (BENCEDI). A jawabinta ga matasa a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benuwe]], ta gargade su kan yunƙurin kwafar salon rayuwa na yaudarar intanet. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/15/read-dolapo-osinbajos-timely-advice-to-youths-about-internet/ Read Dolapo Osinbajo’s timely advice to youths about internet], ''[[P.N. News]]'', 15 September 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Yayin da take zantawa da 'yan matan da suka kammala makaranta a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a watan Disambar 2019, ta kiraye su da su kasance masu riƙon amana a abin kwaikwayo ga na kasa da su. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/12/04/dolapo-osinbajo-sends-message-to-out-of-school-girls/ Dolapo Osinbajo sends message to out-of-school girls], ''P. M. News'', 4 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma nuna halin cin zarafin mata a matsayin cin zarafin daukakin al'umma ne. <ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/abuse-against-women-is-offence-against-humanity-says-dolapo-osinbajo/ Abuse against women is offence against humanity, says Dolapo Osinbajo]{{Dead link|date=June 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 5 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> A tsakiyar watan Disambar 2019, Uwargidan Shugaban kasar Najeriya, [[Aisha Buhari]], ta nada Osinbajo - tare da matan gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya a matsayin zakarun da zasu jagoranci yaki da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] a Najeriya. <ref>Nike Adebowale, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/368054-aisha-buhari-names-dolapo-osinbajo-governors-wives-as-tb-champions.html Aisha Buhari names Dolapo Osinbajo, governors’ wives as TB champions], ''[[Premium Times]]'', 13 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> == Ayyuka == ** ''They Call Me Mama: Daga littafin Under Bridge Diaries''. 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osinbajo, Dolapo}} [[Category:Mata Yan siyasa a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Mata marubuta]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] 649n3y2nljag108kc7yrv9ossc8qzar 552273 552272 2024-12-05T09:51:10Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Dolapo_Osinbajo_2022_(sq_cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Dolapo Osinbajo]] '''Dolapo Osinbajo''', ''née'' '''Soyode''' (an haife tane a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekaran 1967) Ta kasan ce lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Najeriya. Matar Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa [[Yemi Osinbajo]], tun a shekarar 2015 ta kasan ce Uwar gidan mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma mace ta biyu a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="Balogun">Yahaya Balogun, [https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/ Dolapo Osinbajo: A cultural icon!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219083300/https://guardian.ng/opinion/dolapo-osinbajo-a-cultural-icon/|date=2019-12-19}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 10 July 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> [[File:Governor_Rochas_Okorocha_of_Imo_State,_Mrs._Uloma_Nwosu_(MD_House_of_Freeda),_Mrs_Dolapo_Osinbajo_(Wife_of_the_Vice_President_of_Nigeria),_Mrs_Nkechi_Okorocha_(_Wife_of_the_Imo_State_Governor).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gwamna Rochas Okorocha na Jihar Imo, Uloma Nwosu (MD House of Freeda), Mrs Dolapo Osinbajo (Matar Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya), Misis Nkechi Okorocha (Matar Gwamnan Jihar Imo).]] == Kuruciya da aiki == An haifi Dolapo Osinbajo a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1967, kuma ta girma a [[Ikenne]]. <ref name="ThisDay">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/30/yemi-and-dolapo-osinbajo-the-30-years-love-story/ Yemi and Dolapo Osinbajo: The 30 Years Love Story], ''This Day'', 30 November 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ita jika ce ga [[Obafemi Awolowo]], dan siyasan Najeriya kuma mai matsayi a sarautan [[Yarbawa]], <ref name="Balogun"/> da matarsa Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo, ta cibiyar diyar Awolowo Ayodele Soyode (née Awolowo), Ta auri Yemi Osinbajo, wanda dan uwanta ne na nesa, a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1989. Ta kuma zama kwararrar lauya (a kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya) a shekarar 1990. <ref name="ThisDay"/> Dolapo Osinbajo ita ce Babbar Darakta a ƙungiyar mata mai suna Women's Helping Hand Initiative, wata gidauniya ce a garin Epe, Lagos, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2014, kuma ita ce ta ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Orderly Society Trust. == Ayyuka a Matsayin Uwargida Na Biyu == [[Fayil:Dolapo Osinbajo (01912099) (51932137015).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] [[Fayil:Rafael Mariano Grossi welcomes Dolapo Osinbajo (01912101) (51931849129).jpg|thumb|Dolapo Osinbajo]] A watan Satumbar shekarar 2019 ta shugabanci taron 49th Benue Women in Prayer (BEWIP), a [[Makurdi]]. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/take-all-your-worries-to-the-lord-dolapo-osinbajo-tells-women/ Take all your worries to the Lord, Dolapo Osinbajo tells women]. ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', 14 September 2019. Accessed 15 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma bude gidan yara na Mama Abyol da kuma Cibiyar Binuwai ta Bunkasa Kirare kere kere (BENCEDI). A jawabinta ga matasa a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benuwe]], ta gargade su kan yunƙurin kwafar salon rayuwa na yaudarar intanet. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/15/read-dolapo-osinbajos-timely-advice-to-youths-about-internet/ Read Dolapo Osinbajo’s timely advice to youths about internet], ''[[P.N. News]]'', 15 September 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Yayin da take zantawa da 'yan matan da suka kammala makaranta a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a watan Disambar 2019, ta kiraye su da su kasance masu riƙon amana a abin kwaikwayo ga na kasa da su. <ref>[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/12/04/dolapo-osinbajo-sends-message-to-out-of-school-girls/ Dolapo Osinbajo sends message to out-of-school girls], ''P. M. News'', 4 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> Ta kuma nuna halin cin zarafin mata a matsayin cin zarafin daukakin al'umma ne. <ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/abuse-against-women-is-offence-against-humanity-says-dolapo-osinbajo/ Abuse against women is offence against humanity, says Dolapo Osinbajo]{{Dead link|date=June 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'', 5 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> A tsakiyar watan Disambar 2019, Uwargidan Shugaban kasar Najeriya, [[Aisha Buhari]], ta nada Osinbajo - tare da matan gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya a matsayin zakarun da zasu jagoranci yaki da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] a Najeriya. <ref>Nike Adebowale, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/368054-aisha-buhari-names-dolapo-osinbajo-governors-wives-as-tb-champions.html Aisha Buhari names Dolapo Osinbajo, governors’ wives as TB champions], ''[[Premium Times]]'', 13 December 2019. Accessed 16 May 2020.</ref> == Ayyuka == ** ''They Call Me Mama: Daga littafin Under Bridge Diaries''. 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osinbajo, Dolapo}} [[Category:Mata Yan siyasa a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Mata marubuta]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] rbann9sn3bj4d060tbwf85bjbsmjpn5 0 15260 551787 483268 2024-12-04T15:46:38Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sophie Alakija on TGIF NdaniTV March 2019.png|thumb|Hoton sopie alakija]] [[Fayil:Sophie Alakija NdaniTV March 2019.png|thumb|Sophie Alakija]] '''Sophie Rammal Alakija''' (an haife tane a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1985), ' yar fim ce a Najeriya . Ita ''sananniya'' ce ga matsayin ''Halita'' da ''Mataimakin Madams'' . == Rayuwar ta == An haifi Alakija ne a ranar 7 ga Fabrairun 1985 ga dangin Islama waɗanda suke Efik (wata ƙabila ce a cikin jihar [[Kalaba|Calabar]] ) tare da asalin Lebanon.<ref name="newdiplomatng">{{cite web|url=https://newdiplomatng.com/67201/|title=Shock As Actress, Sophie Alakija’s Marriage To Nigeria’s Richest Woman’s Son, Wale Alakija Crashes|publisher=newdiplomatng|accessdate=11 October 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>An uwanta, Jay Rammal shima sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne. Sophie ta kasance tana shahara da shahararren [[Wizkid|mawakin]] Afrobeats dan Najeriya [[Wizkid]] na dogon lokaci daga shekarar 2010 zuwa 2016. [[Fayil:Sophie Alakija on TGIF NdaniTV March 2019.png|thumb|Sophie Alakija]] A shekarar 2016, ta auri Wale Alakija, ɗa daga cikin Blackan Matan Baki mafi arziki a duniya: Folorunso Alakija . An yi bikin auren a ranar 27 Maris 2016 a Surulere, Lagos. Ma'aurata suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Koyaya, a cikin 2020, rahotanni sun ba da sanarwar cewa Sophie ana zargin cewa ta yi watsi da mijinta da yaranta biyu don ta dawo da rayuwar 'ya mace. == Ayyuka == Tana 'yar shekara 16, ta fito a cikin fim din kiɗa na ''Holla At your boy'' na tsohon saurayinta Wizkid a matsayin jagora mai rawa a shekara ta 2010. Ta yi shahararrun fina-finai da yawa da suka haɗa da: ''Zane igiya'', ''Samun nasara a kansa'', da ''Choananan Chops'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eavenuetoday.com/2019/03/sophie-alakija-is-absolutedelight.html|title=Sophie Alakija Is An Absolute Delight|publisher=eavenuetoday|accessdate=11 October 2020}}</ref>A shekarar 2017, ta yi rawar a cikin wasannin ''Scandals'' na TV, wanda hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin Ghana da Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/07/ramsey-nouah-series-scandal/|title=Ghana meets Nigeria! Ramsey Nouah, Sophie Alakija to star in New TV Series "Scandals"|publisher=bellanaija|accessdate=11 October 2020}}</ref>A shekarar 2019, ta yi fim a jerin ''Halita'' sannan a cikin ''mataimakan'' TV ''mataimakiyar Madams'' da ''matar Musulmi'' Timini Egbuson a shekarar 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blueink.ng/sophie-alakija-biography-and-profile-photos/|title=7 Things You Probably Didn’t Know About Stunning Model & Actress, Sophie Alakija|publisher=blueink|accessdate=11 October 2020|archive-date=13 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013002457/https://blueink.ng/sophie-alakija-biography-and-profile-photos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fina finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Fim ! Matsayi ! Nau'i ! Ref. |- | 2019 | ''Abin kunya'' | Actress: Altine | Jerin talabijan | |- | 2019 | ''Halita'' | Actress: Altine | Jerin talabijan | |- | 2020 | ''Mataimakin Madam'' | Actress: Tamara | Jerin talabijan | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Sophie Alakija * [https://www.informationnigeria.com/2020/05/actress-sophie-alakijas-4-year-old-marriage-reportedly-hits-rock-bottom.html Auren Jaruma Sophie Alakija da yakai shekaru 4 yakai rahoto a Kasa] * [https://www.ghgossip.com/can-you-believe-she-is-a-mother-of-two-see-recent-photos-of-wizkids-ex-girlfriend-sophie-alakija/ Shin Kuna Iya Yarda Da Ita Ce Uwar Biyu: Kalli Hotunan Kwanan Tsohuwar Budurwar Wizkid Sophie Alakija] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016033924/https://www.ghgossip.com/can-you-believe-she-is-a-mother-of-two-see-recent-photos-of-wizkids-ex-girlfriend-sophie-alakija/ |date=2020-10-16 }} * [https://talkofnaija.com/wizkids-ex-sophia-allegedly-abandons-her-marriage-for-wild-party-life-videos/ Wizkid's Ex, Sophia, ana zargin ya bar aurenta don rayuwar jam'iyyar cikin daji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013022230/https://talkofnaija.com/wizkids-ex-sophia-allegedly-abandons-her-marriage-for-wild-party-life-videos/ |date=2020-10-13 }} * [https://omniblog.com.ng/2020/05/18/ex-girlfriend-of-wizkid-sophie-alakija-s-marriage-is-said-to-have-crashed/ Tsohuwar budurwar Wizkid, an ce auren Sophie Alakija ya faɗi]{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.dailyadvent.com/ettmt/2019/02/07/nollywood-actress-sophie-alakija-celebrates-husband-wale-alakija-on-his-birthday/ Jarumar Nollywood Sophie Alakija Na Murnar Miji, Wale Alakija A Ranar Haihuwarsa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012215405/http://www.dailyadvent.com/ettmt/2019/02/07/nollywood-actress-sophie-alakija-celebrates-husband-wale-alakija-on-his-birthday/ |date=2020-10-12 }} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallan kafa]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Lagos]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] 6pzmhl5jcfgrnqnu8ar5ord04c2amzc 0 15322 552328 539155 2024-12-05T11:30:31Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 552328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bisi Silva.jpg|thumb|Bisi Silva]] '''Bisi Silva''' ko '''Olabisi Obafunke Silva''' (An haife ta 29 Mayun shekarar 1962- ta bar Duniya 12 Fabrairun shekarar 2019)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/obituaries/bisi-silva-dead.html</ref> ta kasance yar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]] ce, kuma mai zamani, wacce take yin ''art curator'', tana zaune ne a jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]]. == Tarihin ta == Bisi Silva ta kammala karatun ta da shahada MA, a fannin karatu na Arts Administration a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, [[London]], a cikin shekarar 1996. A farkon kwanakin aikinta Silva tayi aiki a matsayin mai kula da masu zaman kansu kuma ta kafa hoto na huɗu, aikin ba da riba a London wanda aka ƙaddamar don ingantawa da haɓaka al'adun al'adu a cikin zane-zane, da kuma taimakawa masu zane-zane ƙirƙirar haɗin kai mai ma'ana tare da cibiyoyin fasaha da kwararru. Daya daga cikin sakamakon zane-zane na huɗu shi ne baje kolin tafiye-tafiye, Shugabannin ƙasashe, wanda ke nuna aikin Faisal Abdu'Allah, wanda a lokacin ya kasance mai fasahar zane-zane na duniyar fasaha ta Landan.<ref>Chambers, Eddie (November 2019). "Olabisi Obafunke Silva: In Memoriam (1962-2019)". ''Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art''. '''45''': 4–6 – via Project MUSE.</ref> === Ziyara === [[File:Bisi Silva, Alessandro Petti.jpg|thumb|Bisi Silva tare da wani mutum]] Ta ziyarci [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Nijeriya]] a shekarar 1999,<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2019/02/bisi-silva-time-remembered</ref> tare da tunanin fara aiki a can. Silva ita ce wacce ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani, da ke Lagos (CCA, Lagos, tana matsayi daraktan zane-zane na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani, da ke Lagos (CCA, Lagos), wacce aka buɗe a watan Disamba na shekarar 2007. CCA Lagos tana haɓaka bincike, takardu da nune-nunen da suka shafi fasahar zamani a Afirka da ƙasashen waje. A CCA, Lagos, Silva ta shirya nune-nunen da yawa, gami da wanda yake tare da ɗan zanen nan na Nijeriya Ndidi Dike. Silva kuma ita ce wanda ta kirkiro Makarantar Fasaha ta Asiko, wacce ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "wani bangare na bitar zane-zane, bangaren zama, da kuma wata makarantar kere kere.<ref>http://www.artnews.com/2019/02/13/bisi-silva-founding-artistic-director-center-contemporary-art-lagos-died-57/</ref> === Haɗin gwiwa === [[Fayil:Referenten im Publikum (6789150700).jpg|thumb|Bisi Silva a tsakiya ]] Ta kasance mai kula da ''Ci gaban'' Loveauna, haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe uku a Amurka da Najeriya a tsakanin shekarar (Oktoba 2012)&nbsp;- Janairu 2013). Silva ta kasance mai kula da ''JD 'Okhai Ojeikere : Lokaci na Kyau'', Kiasma, Helsinki (Afrilu)&nbsp;- Nuwamba 2011). Har ila yau, ta kasance mai kula da ƙungiyar, annan biyun na Thessaloniki Biennale, na zamani, Girka, ''Praxis: Art a cikin Times of Uncertainty'' in September 2009. A shekarar 2006, Silva na ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da Dakar Biennale a Senegal. Tare da haɗin gwiwar masanin fasahar Fotigal [http://www.marcovigo.com/en/content/isabel-carlos Isabel Carlos], ta zaɓi masu zane don lambar yabo ta Artes Mundi ta uku a Wales . Ta kuma magance ''Yankin Sadarwa: Zane na Zamani daga Afirka ta Yamma da Arewacin Afirka'' (Oktoba 2007) da baje kolin mai taken ''Bayyanawa&nbsp;.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Finnaukar Harshen Finnish na zamani'' , a cikin Hoton Hotuna na Afirka na Bakwai Bakwai a [[Bamako]] (Nuwamba shekarar 2007). === Wallafa === Silva ta yi rubuce-rubuce a kan fasahar zamani don wallafe-wallafen duniya, ciki har da ''Art Monthly'', ''Untitled'', ''Third Text'', ''[https://www.metropolism.com/en/ M Metropolis]'', ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/agufon-a-journal-of-the-arts-and-architecture/oclc/37792127 Agufon]'' da kuma na jaridun Najeriya irin su ''This Day'' . Ta kasance a cikin kwamitin edita na ''n.paradoxa'', wata mujallar mata ta duniya, kuma ita ce bakon edita don batun ''n.paradoxa'' na Afirka da Afirka na ''baƙi'' (Janairu 2013). == Mutuwa == Silva ta mutu ne a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, tana da shekara 56 bayan tayi fama da cutar kansa ta shekaru huɗu. Masu kulawa da ƴan Adam sun sanya sunan Nina Zimmer da Touria El Glaoui a cikin manyan mashahuran kirari na tsawan shekaru goman.<ref>https://news.artnet.com/art-world/most-influential-curators-2010s-1729779</ref> == Nuni akan hikiman ta na kurato == === 2009 === * ''A cikin Hasken Wasa'', Gidan Hoto na Durban da Baje kolin zane na Johannesburg * ''Ganawa Chance, Bakwai Zamani Artists daga Afirka'', Sakshi Gallery, Mumbai India e Sakshi Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan * ''Kamar Budurwa&nbsp;.'' ''.'' '',, Lucy Azubuike (NIG) da Zanele Muholi (SA)'' , CCA, Lagos * ''Praxis: Art a cikin Lokaci na Rashin tabbas'', Tasaloniki na Biennale na Zamanin Zamani, Girka * ''Maputo: Labarin birni daya'', Oslo, wani ɓangare na Afirka a lokacin Oslo. === J2008 === * ''George Osodi, Aljannar Da Aka Rasa: Sake Duba Yankin Neja Delta'', CCA, Lagos * ''Ndidi Dike, Waka-cikin-kangi: Thearshe ¾ Mile'', CCA, Lagos === 2007 === * ''Fela, Ghar Main Magana Lemi da Fasaha ta Murfin Kundin'', CCA, Lagos * ''Yankin Saduwa: Zane na Zamani daga Yammaci da Arewacin Afirka'', Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Mali * ''Bayyanawa.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Finnaukar Harshen Finnish na zamani'' , Settima Biennale di Fotografia Africana, Bamako === 2006 === * Dak'Art, Biennale di Dakar, Senegal == Bibiliyo == *Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe: ''Mixed Race Studies: A Reader''&nbsp;— [[Routledge]], 2004. ISBN|0-415-32163-8 == Manzarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://artspeakafrica.blogspot.it Shafin Bisi Silva] * [http://www.ccalagos.org/ Cibiyar Zamani ta Zamani, Legas] * [http://www.powerofculture.nl/en/current/2006/september/bisisilva.html Bisi Silva akan kayan kwalliya.nl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701093320/http://www.powerofculture.nl/en/current/2006/september/bisisilva.html |date=2019-07-01 }} * [https://naijagists.com/nigerian-curator-bisi-silva-dead-joke-silva-sister-dies-cancer Bisi Silva ya] mutu ne a NaijaGists.com * [https://www.artforum.com/passages/bisi-silva-1962-2019-78889 Bisi Silva Obituary, Artforum, 12 Maris 2019] * [https://aperture.org/blog/bisi-silva-oluremi-onabanjo/ Bisi Silva ya tuna a Budewa. 1 Fabrairu 2019] * [http://www.aicauk.org/2019/02/24/obituary-olabisi-silva/ A shafin yanar gizon AICA, Burtaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404185646/http://www.aicauk.org/2019/02/24/obituary-olabisi-silva/ |date=2019-04-04 }} * [https://artthrob.co.za/2019/02/15/for-bisi-silva-a-personal-tribute/ A Art Throb, Afirka ta Kudu] * [https://africasacountry.com/2019/02/bisi-silva-time-remembered Akan Kasar Afirka] * [https://www.acasaonline.org/in-memoriam-bisi-silva-1962-2019/ Artsungiyar Artsungiyar Artsungiyar Nazarin Afirka] * [https://artafricamagazine.org/bisi-silva-1962-2019-lives-on-obituary/ Mujallar Art Africa] * [https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/in-memory-of-bisi-silva/ Zamani da haraji] * [https://tribuneonlineng.com/bisi-silva-untimely-passage-of-an-outlier/ Jaridar Nigerian Tribune] * [https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/41430 Jumoke Sanwo Bisi Silva 1962–2019 Arts na Afirka: MIT Latsa Mujalladi na 52, Lamba 4, Huntun 2019] * [https://www.ag-kunst-migration.de/english/statements-publications/ A Memoriam: Okwui Enwezor da Bisi Silva] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Lagos]] [[Category:Masu zane]] rs6s5wtq2bc1z36p8ws6xc8f7a4mxjn 0 16084 551733 417605 2024-12-04T14:23:05Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:20201207 211634 Hilda Dokubo at a product bid photoshoot in Lagos.jpg|thumb|Hilda Dokubo]] '''Hilda Dokubo''' ( '''wacce''' aka fi sani da '''Hilda Dokubo Mrakpor''' ) 'yar fim ce a [[Najeriya]], kuma mai ba da shawara ga matasa wacce ta taba zama mai ba da shawara ta musamman kan harkokin matasa ga Peter Odili, tsohon gwamnan jihar [[Ribas]] .<ref>http://sunnewsonline.com/hilda-dokubo-stages-come-back-to-screen/</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[File:Hilda Dokubo crying 1.jpg|thumb|Hilda Dokubo]] Hilda Dokubo an haife ta a matsayin ‘ya ta farko a cikin ‘yaya shida wajen iyayenta a garin Buguma, wani gari a cikin [[Asari-Toru]], [[Rivers|jihar Ribas]] inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun firamare da sakandare a makarantar St Mary State Aggrey Road da kuma Government Secondary School. Tsohuwar daliba ce a Jami'ar Fatakwal inda ta samu digiri da digiri na biyu a Fannin wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Dokubo ta fara fitowa a allo a lokacin da take budurwa a wani fim da ta yi a shekarar 1992 mai taken ''Mummunar Sha’awa'' . Tun daga nan aka fara nuna ta kuma ta shirya fina-finai da yawa a Najeriya . Bayan ta fito a cikin wata rawa ta tallafawa a cikin wani fim na shekarar 2015 mai suna ''Stigma'', Dokubo ta lashe Kyakkyawar Jaruma a Matsayin Tallafawa a Gwarzon Kyaututtukan Fina- Finan Afirka na 11 . == Filmography == {{inc-film|date=June 2016}}{{Div col|colwidth=22em}} *''Without Love'' *''Forever'' (1995) *''Jezebel'' *''Evil Passion'''''(1996)''' *''Hour of Grace'' *''Error of the Past'' (2000) *''Sweet Mother'' (2000) *''Black Maria'' (1997) *''End of the Wicked'' (1999) * "Confidence" *''Onye-Eze'' (2001) *''My Good Will'' (2001) *''Light & Darkness'' (2001) *''A Barber's Wisdom'' (2001) *''My Love'' (1998) *''Above Death: In God We Trust'' (2003) *''World Apart'' (2004) *''With God'' (2004) *''Unfaithful'' (2004) *''Chameleon'' (2004) *''21 Days With Christ'' (2005) *''Gone Forever'' (2006) *''Stigma'' (2013) *''The CEO'' (2016) {{Div col end}} == Kyauta da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Bikin lambar yabo ! Kyauta ! Sakamakon ! Ref |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | 11th Afirka Awards Academy Awards | Fitacciyar Jaruma a Matsayin Tallafawa|{{won}} | |- | 12 Abuja Taron Fina Finan Duniya | Fitacciyar Dokar Mata a Fim|{{won}} | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] gv48htl81w8wi2gj3th3bkr8uys3d1e 0 16185 551730 542142 2024-12-04T14:20:42Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Maryam Yahya.jpg|thumb|Maryam Yahaya]] [[Fayil:Maryam Yahya.jpg|thumb|Maryam Yahaya]] '''Maryam Yahaya''' wadda aka fi sani da Maryam Yahaya ta kasance jaruma a masana'antar fina-finan Hausa ta kannywood.<ref name="Ngbokai">{{cite web |last1=Ngbokai |first1=Richard P. |title=Young artistes making waves in Kannywood |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/young-artistes-making-waves-in-kannywood-261912.html |website=Daily Trust |accessdate=2 August 2019 |date=20 July 2018}}</ref> == Rayuwar ta da aiki == An haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan yunin shekara ta alif Ɗari tara da casa'in da bakwai 1997). 'yar fim din [[Nijeriya|Najeriya ce]] a masana'antar [[Kannywood]]. Ta sami yabo ne a dalilin rawar da ta taka acikin fim din Taraddadi, fim ɗin da elnass ajenda ya shirya. Saboda rawar da ta taka, an zabi Maryam Yahaya a matsayin kyakkyawar yar wasa mai kwazo da hazaka daga City People Entertainment Awards a shekara ta 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lere |first1=Muhammad |title=Ali Nuhu, son win at City People Awards 2017 - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/245555-ali-nuhu-son-win-city-people-awards-2017.html |website=Premium Times |accessdate=2 August 2019 |date=9 October 2017}}</ref> Hakanan an zaɓe ta a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwaiyo ta City People Entertainment Awards a shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/young-artistes-making-waves-in-kannywood-261912.html |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-date=2019-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802143726/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/young-artistes-making-waves-in-kannywood-261912.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Take ! Shekara |- | Gidan Abinci | 2016 |- | Barauniya | 2016 |- | Tabo | 2017 |- | Mijin Yarinya | 201761 |- | Mansoor | 2017 |- | Mariya | 2018 |- | Wutar Kara | 2018 |- | Jummai Ko Larai | 2018 |- | Matan Zamani | 2018 |- | Hafiz | 2018 |- | Gidan Kashe Awo | 2018 |- | Gurguwa | 2018 |- | Mujadala | 2018 |- | Sareenah | 2019 |- |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1997]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar kano]] pnd3bwm521wchpm44101qr6cgpuruv5 0 17457 551774 551272 2024-12-04T15:32:49Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Suleiman Mosque (Rhodes) 02.jpg|thumb|masallacin dan Suleiman]] [[Fayil:Suleiman Mosque (Rhodes) 05.jpg|thumb|Dan Suleiman]] '''Dan Suleiman''' (1942-2023) ya kasance mamba a majalisar mulkin soja ta Janar Murtala Muhammed a tsakanin [[Najeriya]] tsakanin watan Yulin shekarata 1975 zuwa watan Maris shekarar 1976, kuma ya kasance gwamnan soja na Jihar Filato daga Maris 1976 zuwa Yuli 1978 bayan an kirkireshi daga wani bangare na tsohuwar Jihar Binuwai Plateau. Bayan dawowar mulkin dimokiradiyya a shekarar 1999 a Jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, Suleiman ya zama shugaban kungiyar Middle Belt Forum (MBF), kungiyar zamantakewar siyasa da ke wakiltar mutanen yankin Middle Belt na [[Najeriya]]. == Aikin Soja == Suleiman ya taka rawa a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya (1966-1970). An nada shi a majalisar ministocin Janar Yakubu Gowon a watan Janairun 1975. A matsayinsa na Kwamishinan Tarayya na Ayyuka na Musamman ya kasance mai taimakawa wajen kafa theungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS). Ya taimaka a tawayen soja na ranar 29 ga Yulin 1975, lokacin da aka cire Gowon, aka maye gurbinsa da Janar Murtala Muhammed. Bayan juyin mulkin, an nada shi mamba a Majalisar Koli ta Soja. Murtala Mohammed ya nada shi Kwamishinan Lafiya. An nada Suleiman gwamnan soja na farko a jihar Filato a Najeriya daga watan Maris na 1976 zuwa Yulin 1978, bayan da aka raba jihar Binuwai da Filato zuwa jihar Benuwai da ta Filato. A matsayinsa na gwamna, ya gabatar da shawarar ci gaba cewa duk wanda aka haifa a jihar Filato ko kuma duk wanda ya zauna a jihar tsawon shekaru 20 ya kamata ya ji daɗin dukkan haƙƙoƙi da gatan ɗan ƙasa ba tare da la’akari da asalin ƙabilarsa ba. Suleiman ya yi ritaya a 1980 a matsayin Air Commodore. == Al'amurran siyasa == Suleiman ya kasance Shugaban bankin Allied Bank of Nigeria Plc tsakanin 1984 da 1986. [10] Ya bijirewa mulkin kama-karya na Janar Sani Abacha bayan soke zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993. Sakamakon kasancewarsa daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gamayyar hadaddiyar kungiyar dimokuradiyya ta kasa (NADECO), hakan yasa aka tilasta masa yin hijira. Sani Abacha ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a watan Yunin 1998. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1998, ya dawo Najeriya. Ya zama shugaban Jam’iyyar PDP a jihar Adamawa. Jam’iyyar ta ci gaba da lashe zabukan kasa a 1999. Ya kuma zama shugaban kungiyar Middle Belt Forum. A watan Satumbar 2001, a matsayinsa na shugaban MBF ya ce "masu matsakaicin matsakaicin ra'ayi suna da banbanci matuka kuma sun zama jinsuna masu hatsari da ke dab da karewa da lalata al'adu". A zaben fidda gwani na PDP a 2003 a jihar Delta, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin zaben. Ya shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Trans Nationwide Express. Har zuwa 2006, ya kasance Ambasadan Najeriya a Tarayyar Rasha. A watan Yunin 2007, an gayyace shi zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Rasha don tattauna batun sace ma'aikatan Rasha shida na RUSAL, babban mai samar da alminiyon a duniya. An kwace ma'aikatan ne daga harabar kamfanin da ke yankin Neja Delta. A watan Yunin 2009, Shugaba Umaru 'Yar'Adua ya nada shi shugaban Cibiyar Binciken Rubber ta Najeriya. == Manazarta == https://books.google.com/books?id=r5APAQAAMAAJ https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035255/http://www.nasarawastate.org/newsday/news/nasara06/NewArticle220.html [[category:Mutuwan 2023]] qfvjxy3byr2vsbbyoo5xx917pmmrzcn 0 18164 551729 289957 2024-12-04T14:20:00Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox writer|image=Hella Haasse.jpg|alt=|caption=In 2007|birth_name=Hélène Serafia Haasse|birth_date=2 February 1918|birth_place=[[Batavia]], [[Dutch East Indies]]|death_date={{death date and age|2011|9|29|1918|2|2|df=yes}}<br>[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]|period=1948 – 2011|subject=[[History|Historical]] [[novel]]s, [[Dutch East Indies]]-[[Netherlands]] relationship|spouse=Jan van Lelyveld <br><small>(1944-2008; his death); 3 children</small>}} [[Fayil:Hella Haasse.jpg|thumb|Hella Haasse]] ==Manazarta== <span></span><div class="references-small "> <references></references></div><span></span> [[category:Mutuwan 1993]] '''Hélène "Hella" Serafia Haasse''' (2 ga Fabrairu 1918 - 29 Satumba 2011) marubuciya ƴar ƙasar [[Holand|Holland]] . Ana kiranta sau da yawa "Grand Old Lady" na adabin Dutch. Mutane da yawa suna tsammanin mafi girman littafinta shine ''Heren van de Thee'' (Iyayen Tea). Sananne ne a ƙasashe da yawa a duniya. A cikin shekarar 1988 Haasse ta yi hira da Sarauniyar Holand don bikin cikar ta shekaru 50 da haihuwa. == Daraja == Haasse ta samu lambobin yabo da yawa saboda rubuce rubucen ta. Ta sami lambar girmamawa ta Constantijn Huygens a 1981 da kuma PC Hooft Award a shekarar 1984. Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Annie Romein, da Dirk Martens Prize, da kuma Kyautar Jama'ar NS. Ita kadai ce marubuciya da ta rubuta wa ''Boekenweek'' (Makon Littattafai) sau uku, a 1948, 1959 da 1994. Yawancin littattafan Haasse an fassara su zuwa [[Faransanci]] . Académie française ya ba Hasse lambar yabo da ake kira ''Diplôme de médaille Argent'' a 1984. A shekarar 2000, ta sake samun wata lambar yabo. Ya kasance mai ''bayarwa dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur'' . [[File:Hella S Haasse.jpg|thumb|Hella Haasse]] [[File:HellaHaasse1970.jpg|thumb|Hella Haasse]] [[File:Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde houdt een discussie met kunstenaars in , Bestanddeelnr 923-4244.jpg|thumb|Hella Haasse]] [[Chile|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Chile]] ta ba ta kyauta a 1996. A shekarar 1989, birnin [[Boston]] bayar da ta Boston Certificate of LURA domin ta littafi ''a wani Dark Itace yawo.'' A shekarar 1992, Haasse ta je bude bikin baje kolin littattafai na IKAPI International (Worldwide) a [[Jakarta]] kuma ta ziyarci [[Java]], inda aka haife ta. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spelevaren op het kleurenmeer Telaga Warna TMnr 10018388.jpg|Lake Telaga Hideung a cikin Java. Lokacin da Haasse ya kasance yarinya, tana zaune kusa da nan. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Theeplukster Preanger TMnr 10011957.jpg|A [[Tea|shayi]] [[plantation]] a [[Preanger]] duwãtsu, Gabas Java. Wannan shi ne yankin da littafin Haasse na ' ''The Tea Lords' ya shafi'' shi. </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata Marubuta]] [[Category:Marubuta]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Waɗanda Suka Samu Kyautar Nobel]] oh7btz6gmhlc6a6i0usmsikg2xxz5bk 0 18185 551843 328570 2024-12-04T19:16:30Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 551843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahmed Toufiq,''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1943) ɗan Maroko ne masanin tarihi kuma marubuci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Addinin Musulunci a gwamnatin ta [[Moroko|Morocco]] tun shekara ta 2002. An haifi Toufiq a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1943 a ƙauyen Marigha a cikin garin High Atlas. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na firamare da sakandare a Marrakech, sai ya kuma shiga Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences na Rabat, inda ya samu digiri na farko a tarihi a shekara ta1968, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a tarihi. Toufiq kuma yana da takardar shaidar Archaeology. Ya gabatar da digirin digirgir a cikin shekara ta 1979 kan batun tarihin zamantakewar al'umma a yankunan karkara na Maroko a cikin karni na 19. Ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a ''L'École Normale'' Supérieure de ''Marrakech'' kuma ya koyar a makarantar sakandare a Rabat. Bayan haka, ya shiga Kwalejin Harafi da Kimiyyar Ɗan Adam a [[Rabat]], inda ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1989; malami, mataimakin farfesa, . Daga baya aka naɗa shi darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka a Jami’ar Mohammed V a shekara ta 1989 kuma ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru shida har zuwa shekara ta 1995. Daga shekara ta 1995 zuwa shekara ta 2002, ya Kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan National Library of Morocco. A cikin shekara ta 1989 Ahmed Toufiq ya karɓi kyautar Littafin Marokko na farko don littafinsa mai suna ''Shajarat Hinna 'Wa Qamar'' ( ''Itace ta Henna da Wata'' ). A cikin shekara ta 2001, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Malami na Malaman Addinin Musulunci a Harvard Divinity School, wanda ke da alaƙa da Cibiyar Nazarin Addinai ta Duniya. A watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2002, aka nada Toufiq ga gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Addinin Musulunci. Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga tattaunawa tsakanin addinai kuma a halin yanzu yana zaune a kan kujerar Shugabancin Addinai na Duniya na Cibiyar Ilmin Addini ta Iliya. Toufiq [[Sufiyya|Sufi ne]]. == Bibliography == * ''La société marocaine au XIXe siècle - A lokaci guda 1850 - 1912'' * ''Musulunci et développement'' * ''Les juifs de Demnat'' * ''Le Maroc et l'Afrique Occidentale à travers les âges'' Litattafai * ''Matan Maƙwabta na Abu Musa'' (wanda Roger Allen ya fassara, daga hekara ta''Jarat Abi Musa'', s1997,  ) * ''Al Sayl'' ( ''Rafi'', 1998) * ''Shujayrat Hinna 'Wa Qamar'' (wanda aka fassara da Roger Allen, ''Moon da Henna Tree'', shekara ta2013,  ) == Kara karantawa == * Marvine Howe, ''Maroko: Farkawar Islama da Sauran Kalubale'', p.&nbsp;343, Oxford University Press, 2005  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Jami'ar Muhammed V]] [[Category:Maroccan Sufis]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1943]] [[Category:Marubutan Berber]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] snkns3ia9h5v8wkm3m3z4sa8qykivro 0 19292 551772 494822 2024-12-04T15:30:40Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Arco_di_San_Lazzaro_02.JPG|thumb| Arch na San Lazzaro]] [[Fayil:Arco di San Lazzaro 02.JPG|thumb|Arch of San Lazzaro, Parma]] '''Arch na San Lazzaro''' (Italian) ya kasan ce wani babbar baka ce wacce take tsaye a waje da gabas da garin Parma, Yankin Emilia-Romagna. An gina shi ne a cikin 1628 a ƙarƙashin zane na Giovanni Battista Magnani don bikin zuwan garin Margherita de 'Medici, sabuwar matar Duke Odoardo Farnese na lokacin . A lokacin da ake aikinta, Pomponio Amidano ya zana bangarorin bangon da zane mai tarihi, wanda ke nuna # Marcus Aemilius Lepidus ya kafa mulkin mallaka na Roman a Parma. # Parma ta tura 'yan ƙasa zuwa Rome don taimaka musu yayin Ruwan Tsufana. # Kewayen Parma da Legates na Sulla suka yi ta yi wa Rome tawaye. # Parma tana ba yan ƙasa 1000 kariya don kare Julius Ceaser. # Frederick II ya sha kashi a yakin 1248 na Parma . # Bikin biki na nasara tare da sadaukarwa ga Budurwa. Zane-zanen sun lalace tsawon lokaci kuma a cikin 1819 an maye gurbin su don bikin ziyarar Parma na Sarkin Austriya. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hp9XAAAAcAAJ Nuova Guida di Parma], 3rd edition, by Carlo Malaspina, page 100.</ref> ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Arco_di_San_Lazzaro_1910.jpg|Arch of San Lazzaro, Parma File:Arco_san_lazzaro.jpeg|Arch of San Lazzaro, Parma </gallery> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == mlfyq6qqfjbjngdwms02nb6rt3gsb6s 0 19445 552082 173315 2024-12-05T08:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 552082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Hujja}} '''Dan Masterson''' (An haife shi ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu, 1934), mawaƙi, Ba'amurke ne wanda aka haifa a Buffalo, New York, Amurka (US). Ya zama mawaƙi bayan ayyuka da yawa a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo wato dan pim, mai ba da labari, wasan motsa jiki (DJ), mai aikin mishan, mai rubutun talla, da kuma daraktan hulɗa da jama'a na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa da Karatu == Dan Masterson an haife shi a Stephen da Kathleen Masterson a shekara ta 1934, a lokacin ɓacin rai, kuma shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara uku. Ya halarci Makarantar Parochial ta St. Paul a yankin Buffalo da ke wajen Kenmore, sannan ya kammala makarantar sakandaren ta Kenmore a 1952; Masterson shi ne shugaban ajin karatunsa. Masterson yayi karatu a Kwalejin Canisius kuma ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Syracuse a 1956, a cikin abin da daga baya ya zama SI Newhouse School of Public Communications. Bayan kwaleji, ya yi aiki azaman diski na jockey, ya dawo Buffalo, a WBNY, yana karɓar "Mystic Midnight," wani wasan jazz, daga tsakar dare zuwa 3 na safe Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin Signal Corps, ya yi hayar don inganta wasannin Broadway da kade-kade da ya shafi biranen 110, yayin da matarsa ta fara aiki a matsayin Madison Avenue marubucin rubutu. Sun koma gundumar Rockland inda Dan ya zama mai maye gurbin malamin makarantar sakandare, sannan ya zama cikakken malami, kafin ya shiga jami'ar Ingilishi a Rockland Community College, inda ya kasance tun a tsakiyar shekarun sittin. Shi da Janet sun raba lokacinsu tsakanin gidansu a cikin Pearl River da kuma gidansu a cikin babban yankin na Adirondacks. == Aikin adabi == Littafin farko na Dan Masterson, ''AKAN DUNIYA KAMAR YADDA YAKE'', an buga shi ashekara ta1978, daga Jami'ar Illinois Press. Ya kasance tarihin rayuwa a cikin CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN AUTHORS, kuma an nuna shi sau biyu a cikin "The Writers Almanac" tare da Garrison Keillor, haka kuma a cikin jerin fina-finai da aka hada baki daya, ''The Christophers'', wanda NBC-TV ta samar; jerin sun ba da shirye-shirye guda biyar a gare shi da aikinsa. A shekarar 1986, aka zabi Masterson ya zama memba a kungiyar Pen International saboda karnoninsa na farko guda biyu na ayoyi: A DUNIYA KAMAR YADDA TAKE- da kuma wadanda suka yi tawakkali. Ana samun cikakkun matani na waɗannan kundin guda biyu akan layi a cikin dindindin tarin The American American Poetry Archives ( http://capa.conncoll.edu {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175510/http://capa.conncoll.edu/ |date=2011-07-19 }} ). Ya kasance alƙalin rubutun hannu na Associwararren Rubutun Shirye-shiryen 'gasar rubutun hannu na ƙasa, kuma ya ci gaba a matsayin edita mai ba da gudummawa ga shekara-shekara PUSHCART PRIZE ANTHOLOGY. Ya kuma kasance mai karɓar abokantaka biyu na rubutu daga Jami'ar Jiha ta New York, kuma shi ne Marubuci-farkon-Mazauna a The Chautauqua Writers Center. Shi ne editan jaridar ENSKYMENT POETRY ANTHOLOGY ( http://www.enskyment.org ) wacce ya kafa a 2005. A shekarar 2006, dakin karatun Bird na Jami'ar Syracuse ya zama jagorantar "The Dan Masterson Papers" don Cibiyar Bincike Ta Musamman. == Koyarwa == Mai karɓa na SUNY's Cansalar ta Gimamamawa na kwarewa da fice wajen koyarwa, Masterson ya koyar a Rockland Community College (RCC), Jami'ar Jiha ta New York, tun a tsakiyar shekarun sittin. A cikin shekaru goma sha takwas na waɗannan shekarun, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban masanin farfesa a Kwalejin Manhattanville na Westchester County, yana jagorantar shirye-shiryen waƙa da rubutun rubutu. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga Manhattanville, Kwamitin Amintattun kwalejin sun kafa Kyautar Dan Masterson a cikin Rubutun allo. == Ayyuka == === Tarin Shayari === * ''A Duniya Kamar yadda yake'' - Jami'ar Illinois Latsa 1978 * ''Wadanda suka yi kuskure'' - Jami'ar Arkansas Latsa 1985 * ''Duniya Ba tare da Endarshe ba'' - Jami'ar Arkansas Latsa 1991 * ''Duk Abubuwa, Gani da Gaibu'' - Jami'ar Arkansas Press 1997 === Anthologies === * ''Wakoki na Zamani a Amurka'' - Gidan Bazuwar * ''Mafi kyawun Wakoki na 1976'' - Littattafan Fasifik * ''The Pushcart Prize Anthology III'' - Pushcart Latsa * ''Hasken Shekara'' - Bits Press * ''Alamu na Shayari'' - LSU Press * ''The Pushcart Priho Anthology XIII'' - Pushcart Latsa * ''Alamomin Mahimmanci'' - Jami'ar Wisconsin Press * ''Bayan Guguwar'' - Maisonneuve Press * ''Sabon labarin kasa na Mawaka'' - Jami'ar Arkansas Press * ''Interasar Al'adu daban-daban'' - McGraw Hill * ''Zuciya Zuwa Zuciya: Sabbin Waƙoƙi waɗanda Hikimar Artarni na 20 Wahayi'' * ''Abubuwan Adabi'' - Houghton-Mifflin * ''Harshen Harshen'' Holt - Holt * ''Mawaka game da Yaƙin'' - tarihin kan layi * ''An kama a cikin Net'' - Kit ɗin Shayari UK * ''Cikakke A Cikin Zanensu: Wakoki daga Homer zuwa Ali'' - Kudancin Illinois University Press * ''Jagoran Mawaka ga Tsuntsayen'' - Anhinga Press == Lambobin yabo == * ''Wakar Arewa maso yamma'' Bullis Prize * Kyautar Waƙar Borestone Mountain * Kyautar Pushcart 1978 * Kyautar Pushcart 1988 * Kyautar CCLM Fels * Rockland County (NY) Mawaki Mawaki 2009-2011 * Rockland County (NY) Mawaki Mawaki 2011-2013 == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://authormark.com/artman2/publish/Innisfree_8_23A_Closer_Look_Dan_Masterson.shtml KYAUTA KYAUTA: Dan Masterson] * [http://www.eratiopostmodernpoetry.com/poeticlanguagesix.html#3Mudlark eratio] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025809/http://www.poetrykit.org/2006_06_01_archive.html WAKAR KITE ANTHOLOGY] * [http://connotationpress.com/a-poetry-congeries-with-john-hoppenthaler/may-2010/412-dan-masterson-poetry BayaninPress.com] * [http://www.ninetymeetingsinninetydays.com/WinterSpring07Contributors.html R.kv.ry lokacin hunturu / bazara 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061911/http://www.ninetymeetingsinninetydays.com/WinterSpring07Contributors.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120314164842/http://www.inkwelljournal.org/past-issues/2001_spring/2001_spring_masterson.pdf "Ajiye kasusuwa ga Henry Jones"] * [http://www.speechlessthemagazine.org/Masterson_Bloodline.htm "Layin jini"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314094201/http://www.speechlessthemagazine.org/Masterson_Bloodline.htm |date=2012-03-14 }} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9b8t3day18wbujyqonu78x126npjijz 0 20126 551953 496155 2024-12-04T21:18:04Z Hauwau sulaiman 22635 Karamin gyara 551953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Phoenix Children's Hospital.jpg|thumb|asibitin Yara a wata ƙasa]] [[File:Doctors Hospital from the Southwest 1.jpg|thumb|Asibiti]] [[File:HALL HOSPITAL LA PRINCESA.jpg|thumb|Cikin wani babban asibiti]] '''Asibiti''' wani waje ne da ake <ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1441087-shugaba-buhari-ya-amince-a-gina-asibiti-mai-gado-14-a-kudi-n214bn-a-aso-villa/</ref>ginawa, don kula da marasa lafiya wato masu jinya. Wanda a Asibiti ne ake samun [[magani]] da [[likita]] da kuma majinyata da dai sauran abubuwa da suka shafi asibiti.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/media-56544252|date=28 March 2021|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=bbc hausa|title=Wani kare ya kai kansa asibiti domin jinya}}</ref> [[Likita]] shine mai duba lafiyar marasa lafiya a asibiti.<ref>https://dailynigerian.com/hausa/kwantar-mutane-asibiti/</ref> Asibiti cibiyar kula da lafiya ce da ke ba da jinya ga marasa [[lafiya]] tare da ƙwararrun kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da ƙarin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da kayan aikin [[likita]].<ref>“Hospitals". ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 24 January 2018.</ref> Mafi sanannun nau'in asibiti shine babban asibiti, wanda yawanci yana da sashin gaggawa don magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya na gaggawa tun daga masu gobara da [[haɗari]] zuwa rashin lafiya na kwatsam. Asibitin gundumomi galibi shine babban wurin kula da lafiya a yankinsa, tare da gadaje masu yawa don kulawa mai zurfi da ƙarin gadaje ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci. Asibitoci na musamman sun haɗa da cibiyoyin rauni, asibitocin gyarawa, asibitocin yara, asibitocin tsofaffi (geriatric), da asibitoci don magance takamaiman buƙatun likita kamar maganin tabin hankali (duba asibitin mahaukata) da wasu nau'ikan cututtuka. Asibitoci na musamman na iya taimakawa wajen rage farashin kula da lafiya idan aka kwatanta da asibitocin gabaɗaya.<ref>"India's 'production line' heart hospital". bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 13 October2013.</ref>An rarraba asibitoci a matsayin na gaba ɗaya, na musamman, ko gwamnati dangane da hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga. Asibitin koyarwa yana baɗa taimako ga mutane tare da koyarwa ga ɗaliban kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da kuma ƙarin ɗaliban kiwon lafiya. Cibiyar kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da ta fi asibiti yawanci ana kiranta da asibiti. Asibitoci suna da sassa dabam-dabam (misali tiyata da kulawar gaggawa) da rukunin ƙwararru kamar ilimin zuciya<ref>Ilimin zuciya<nowiki/>https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/ha/articles/insights-into-cardiology-cardiovascular-health</ref>. Wasu asibitocin suna da sassan marasa lafiya, wasu kuma suna da sassan kula da marasa lafiya. Rukunin tallafi na gama gari sun haɗa da kantin magani, ilimin cututtuka, da ilimin rediyo. Asibitoci yawanci ana samun kuɗaɗen kuɗin jama'a, ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya (na riba ko ƙungiyoyin sa-kai), kamfanonin inshorar lafiya, ko ƙungiyoyin agaji, gami da gudummawar agaji kai tsaye. A tarihi, ana yawan kafa asibitoci kuma ana ba da kuɗaɗe ta hanyar umarni na addini, ko kuma daidaikun mutane da shugabanni na agaji.<ref>Hall, Daniel (December 2008). "Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest". ''Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine''. '''81''' (4): 193–98. PMC 2605310. <nowiki>PMID 19099050</nowiki>. <q>Although physicians were available in varying capacities in ancient Rome and Athens, the institution of a hospital dedicated to the care of the sick was a distinctly Christian innovation rooted in the monastic virtue and practise of hospitality. Arranged around the monastery were concentric rings of buildings in which the life and work of the monastic community was ordered. The outer ring of buildings served as a hostel in which travellers were received and boarded. The inner ring served as a place where the monastic community could care for the sick, the poor and the infirm. Monks were frequently familiar with the medicine available at that time, growing medicinal plants on the monastery grounds and applying remedies as indicated. As such, many of the practicing physicians of the Middle Ages were also clergy.</q></ref> A halin yanzu, asibitocin suna da ƙwararrun likitoci, likitocin fiɗa, ma’aikatan jinya, da abokan aikin kiwon lafiya, yayin da a da, waɗanda suka kafa odar addini ko kuma masu sa kai suke yin wannan aikin. Koyaya, akwai umarni na addini na Katolika iri-iri, irin su Alexians da Bon Secours Sisters waɗanda har yanzu suna mai da hankali kan hidimar asibiti a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s, da kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin Kirista da yawa, gami da Methodist da Lutherans, waɗanda ke gudanar da asibitoci <ref>Lovoll, Odd (1998). ''A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today''. U of Minnesota Press. p. 192. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8166-2832-2</bdi>.</ref>. Dangane da ainihin ma’anar kalmar, asibitoci sun kasance na asali “wuraren baƙi”, kuma har yanzu ana kiyaye wannan ma’anar a cikin sunayen wasu cibiyoyi irin su Royal Hospital Chelsea, wanda aka kafa a 1681 a matsayin gidan ritaya da kula da tsofaffin sojoji. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:PeaceArchHosp2.jpg|Wani asibitin a Kasar Kanada File:MarienhospitalUeckendorf1.jpg|Asibitin Marien, Germany </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} jxnbp1ws4g87efjeobrs5dhvff1iq8w 0 20539 551718 551250 2024-12-04T14:07:26Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seleção masculina Alemã de futebol vence a Nigéria (29021411766).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:FC RB Salzburg gegen FK Austria Wien (18. März 2018) 42.jpg|thumb|Abdullahi Mohammed cikin yan wasa]] [[Fayil:FC RB Salzburg gegen FK Austria Wien (18. März 2018) 42.jpg|thumb|Abdullahi Mohammed]] '''Abdallah Ali Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu ,Shekarar 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Comoriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar Kalubalen Swiss Lausanne Ouchy da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Comoros.<ref>Abdallah Ali Mohamed at Soccerway</ref> == Aikin kulob == Ali Mohamed yana cikin makarantar matasa ta Marseille tun yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref>"Abdallah Ali Mohamed (Marseille) : " Montrer que l'OM possède un bon centre de formation " " .</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Yuli 2021, Ali Mohamed ya rattaba hannu da Lausanne Ouchy a Switzerland. <ref>"ABDALLAH ALI MOHAMED EST STADISTE !" (in French). Stade Lausanne . 3 July 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ali Mohamed ya yi haɗu da tawagar kasar Comoros a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|Togo]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni 2017.<ref>Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. "Abdallah Ali Mohamed" . www.national-football-teams.com .</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|match played 18 November 2019}}<ref name=NFT>{{NFT player |id=68159 |name=Ali Mohamed, Abdallah |accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Fitowa da kwallayen tawagar ƙasa da shekara ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="3" | Comoros | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- | 2018 | 6 | 0 |- | 2019 | 3 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 11 ! 0 |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ieohyrs3uoimpm5x1mbv316qqd5r4ic 0 20542 552330 526301 2024-12-05T11:32:30Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 552330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Alhaji Dr. Aliyu Akilu MFR''' An haife shi a shekara ta alif 1918, ya rasu 19 ga watan oktoban shekara ta alif 1999 wanda kuma aka sani da Malam Akilu Aliyu ko Aqilu Aliyu ɗan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne mawãƙi, [[marubuci]], masanin ilimi ɗan [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa]], kuma daya daga cikin manyan marubuta waƙoƙin [[Hausawa|Hausa]] a karni na ashirin. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Akliu Aliyu a garin [[Jega]] (a wani ƙauye da ake kira Kyarmi, a cikin [[Kebbi|jihar Kebbi]] ta yanzu). Malam Akilu ya yi mafi yawan rayuwarsa a jihar Kano Kano, wurin da ya je a matsayin dalibin Islamiyya tun yana saurayi. Ya kasance a [[Maiduguri]] na 'yan shekarun da suka gabata kafin ya dawo Kano inda ya zauna har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya rayu a matsayin malamin Islama, tela kuma mawaƙi (waƙa ta kasance hanya da ya koyar da dubban ɗalibai marasa adadi). Ya kafa, kuma ya koyar a, makarantun Islamiyya a Maiduguri da Azare. == Harkar Ilimi == Dangane da karatunsa da farko dai ya fara samun horo a makarantar [[Al Kur'ani|Al-Qur'ani]] [[Kano (birni)|a Kano]], karkashin malaman Tijjaniyya, sannan kuma daga baya ya tafi [[Borno]] yin karatu a gaban manya-manyan malaman addinin Islama daga yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar. Ya NASA nice mawaki mai kaifin basira kuma yana rubutun waƙoƙin sa ne cikin harsunan Hausa da Larabci, kuma waƙen da yasa ya samu karbuwa sosai a tsakanin al ummar hausawa yawancin masu jin wakar sa Hausawa ne. Ya fara rubuta wakokin Larabci a cikin shekarun 1930. == Ayyuka == === Mashahuran Wakoki Sun Hada da === * Matan Aure * Dan Gata * 'Yar Gagara * Hausa Mai Ban Haushi * Maza mamugunta * Wakar Najeriya * Cuta ba mutuwa ba == Manazarta ==   * Simon Gikandi; Encyclopedia na Adabin Afirka, Routledge, 2002. * Bookshelf, Disamba 3-9, 1999 * https://web.archive.org/web/20120907075829/http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Metrics/sample_akilu.html [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Marubuta]] [[Category:Mawakan Hausa]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Kebbi]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1918]] [[Category:Mutuwan 1999]] nm0ubp2xvr1b67d7g62wpdfde51kyjg 0 20741 551826 420918 2024-12-04T18:30:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}} {{databox}} [[File:Abubakar Malami638.jpg|thumb|hoton abubakar malami]] '''Abubakar Malami''' SAN (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da bakwai (1967), wani lauya ne kuma dan siyasa a Nijeriya wanda tun a shekara ta 2015 yake rike da mukamin Ministan Shari'a da Babban Lauya. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://leadership.ng/news/310713/inec-bound-register-apc-sans|title=INEC Bound To Register APC – SANs|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Newspaper]]|date=31 July 2013|accessdate=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805073548/http://leadership.ng/news/310713/inec-bound-register-apc-sans|archive-date=5 August 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2015/11/11/history-beckons-open-letter-minister-justice-and-attorney-general-federation-inibehe|title=History Beckons: Open Letter To The Minister Of Justice And Attorney General Of The Federation By Inibehe Effiong|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|last=Effiong|first=Inibehe|date=11 November 2015|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pulse.ng/local/in-abuja-lawyers-want-new-justice-minister-to-ensure-speedy-prosecution-of-corruption-cases-id4353549.html|title=Lawyers want new Justice Minister to ensure speedy prosecution of corruption cases|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]|date=12 November 2015|accessdate=4 April 2016|archive-date=15 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415234851/http://pulse.ng/local/in-abuja-lawyers-want-new-justice-minister-to-ensure-speedy-prosecution-of-corruption-cases-id4353549.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Abubakar Malami, musulmin fulani, an haifeshi a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1967 a [[Birnin Kebbi]], babban birnin [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] . Karantunsa na farko ya fara ne a makarantar Firamare ta Nassarawa, Birnin jihar Kebbi kafin ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a Kwalejin Fasaha da Nazarin Larabci. A shekara ta 1991, ya kammala karatunsa a [[Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo]] inda ya karanci Lauya kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1992. Ya kasance tsohon dalibi ne a [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ya samu digiri na biyu a kan harkokin mulki a shekara ta 1994. Bayan ya kammala, ya zama lauya, ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban ciki har da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma shari'a a jihar Kebbi, Nijeriya. == Aikin siyasa == Malami ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a na rusasshiyar Majalisa don ci gaban Canji . Ya kasance yana da hannu dumu-dumu wajen kafa [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] (APC) a shekara ta 2013 a matsayin mutumin da ke ba da gudummawa ga Manifesto Drafting Defting Subint Committee of Inter Joint Party Comiti Commitors tsakanin Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) ) da kuma All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) . A shekarar 2014, Abubakar ya fito neman tikitin takarar gwamna a karkashin jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress(APC) a jihar Kebbi amma ya fadi zaɓen fidda gwanin a hannun [[Abubakar Atiku Bagudu|Atiku Bugudu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alleged misconduct: I’ll appear before disciplinary panel Friday, says Malami|url=https://punchng.com/alleged-misconduct-ill-appear-before-disciplinary-panel-friday-says-malami///|accessdate=11 June 2019|publisher=Punch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=Law Nigeria|title=ABUBAKAR MALAMI – PROFILE OF AN ATTORNEY GENERAL – LawNigeria|url=https://lawnigeria.com/2018/03/abubakar-malami-profile/|access-date=2020-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ministan shari'a == A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2015, an naɗa Abubakar a matsayin Ministan Shari'a kuma Babban Lauyan [[Najeriya|Tarayyar Najeriya]] don haka ya zama shi karamin Ministan a cikin ministocin Muhammadu Buhari . A ranar 21 ga watan Augusta, shekara ta 2019, [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sake naɗa shi a matsayin Ministan Shari’a da Babban Lauyan Tarayya a ranar 21 ga watan Augusta, shekarar 2019. == Zargin rashawa == A watan Yunin ta shekarar 2019, Malami ya bayyana a gaban kwamitin ladabtarwa na Kwamitin Hakkin Masu Kwarewa na Shari'a don fuskantar masu shigar da kara da ke neman a cire babban Lauyan da ke Ba shi Lauyan Najeriya bisa zargin aikata ba daidai ba. Don nuna goyon baya ga [[Muhammadu Buhari|yakin da Shugaba Buhari ke]] yi da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, Abubakar Malami ya gabatar da takardar koke ga Gwamnatin don tsige Mukaddashin Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Masu Yiwa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati EFCC, Mista [[Ibrahim Magu]] A cikin takardar koken nasa ya bayyana cewa ya kamata a kori Mista Ibrahim Magu daga aiki bisa dalilai da dama saboda karkatar da dukiyar da aka kwato zuwa rashin biyayya da rashin da'a. Ya kuma ba da shawarar mutane uku su dauki matsayin Mista Ibrahim Magu. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2020, wani ''binciken Sahara Reporters ya'' yi zargin cewa Abubakar Malami a matsayin Babban Atoni Janar & Ministan Shari'a da danginsa sun tara "dukiya da ba a bayyana ba", zargin da ya musanta. A ranar 20 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2021, Malami ya bayyana a gaban kwamitin majalisar don amsa tuhumar da ake yi na karkatar da kudaden da aka kwato wadanda aka yi niyyar hadya su da wasu kuɗaɗen da ake zargi. An zargi Malami da ofishinsa da laifin ba da kuɗin kasafin ofishin ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba da kusan bilyan 800 na kuɗaɗen da aka kwato da Wakilai da dama ciki har da shugaban kwamitin Adejoro Adeogun . Malami ya musanta cewa ofishin sa ya karbi kudi daga asusun ajiyar da aka karbo kuma Akanta Janar Ahmed Idris ya goyi bayan Malami, yana mai cewa asusun hada hadar kuɗaɗen da aka kwato da kuma asusun ajiyar da aka kwato duk wasu tsare-tsare ne na wannan Babban Asusun na sa wanda ya zama kamar an tura kudaden ne zuwa ofishin AGF. Washegari, Adeogun da wasu suka ci gaba da yi wa Malami tambayoyi, a yanzu game da rahoton haramtacciyar payment biliyan 2 daga [[Babban Bankin Najeriya|Babban Bankin Nijeriya]] ga Malami da kuma wata bukata da ake zargin Malami ta ba ta na “biyan kuɗaɗen da lauyoyin da aka amince da su” daga asusun da aka kwato. Malami ya musanta neman biyan kudi daga asusun wawure kuɗaɗen da aka kwato, amma bai ce uffan ba game da biyan biliyan ₦ 2 daga CBN. == Daraja == * Babban lauya na Najeriya &#x2013; 2008 == Duba kuma == * Majalisar zartarwar Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Category:Lauyoyi yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Lauyoyi]] [[Category:Jami'ar Maiduguri]] [[Category:Ma'aikatun gwamnati na Kasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t1sxtg0g22clqmlf9mh92zauoce9rr4 0 21141 551780 512027 2024-12-04T15:38:43Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Electrical electronics engineering complex, laspotech.jpg|thumb|Collegin injiniyarin]] [[Fayil:Nigerian Navy College of Engineering.jpg|thumb|kolejin injinananci ta sojoi]] [[Fayil:Electrical electronics engineering complex, laspotech.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Injiniya ta Najeriya]] '''Kwalejin Injiniya ta Najeriya''' an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1997 ta wasu kwararrun [[Najeriya|injiniyoyin Najeriya]], da nufin bunkasa horon injiniya da aikin a [[Najeriya]] a matsayin kokarin inganta ci gaban fasahar [[Najeriya]] a matsayin kasa mai tasowa a Yammacin Afirka. An bayyana Makarantar a matsayin ''Tank'' don Injiniya da Fasaha a [[Najeriya]] tare da mai da hankali kan bincike da karatu a duk fagen aikin injiniya. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/06/arco-gets-nigerian-academy-engineerings-award/|title=Arco gets Nigerian Academy of Engineering’s award|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://old.nationaldailyng.com/business/business-news/3799-nigerian-academy-of-engineering-appoints-ed|title=Nigerian Academy of Engineering appoints ED|author=Administrator|publisher=|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223220951/http://old.nationaldailyng.com/business/business-news/3799-nigerian-academy-of-engineering-appoints-ed|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2011/07/nigerian-engineers-appeal-for-it-investment/|title=Nigerian engineers appeal for IT investment - IT News Africa- Africa's Technology News Leader|publisher=|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nesglobal.org/node/282|title=Academy tasks Jonathan on national transformation: Nigeria News. June 2011|accessdate=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226040114/http://www.nesglobal.org/node/282|archivedate=26 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplesdailyng.com/nigeria-ranked-low-in-road-network-housing/|title=Nigeria ranked low in road network, housing|publisher=|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/property/property/191147-nigeria-ranks-low-in-road-network-housing-says-nbrri|title=Guardian News Website - Nigeria ranks low in road network, housing, says NBRRI|author=Clarkson Eberu|accessdate=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20141223175629/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/property/property/191147-nigeria-ranks-low-in-road-network-housing-says-nbrri|archivedate=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://technologytimes.ng/engineers-rue-low-tech-development-in-nigeria|title=Engineers rue low tech development in Nigeria|work=Technology Times Hub|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref> == Fitattun mambobi == Membobin makarantar sun bambanta injiniyoyin [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]] A halin yanzu kuma akwai mambobi guda 143 a duk fannoni a aikin injiniya. Sanannun membobin makarantar sun hada da: * Akinsola Olusegun Faluyi * [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] * [[Danladi Slim Matawal]] * [[Ebele Ofunneamaka Okeke]] * Edet James Amana * Ernest Ndukwe * Eli Jidere Bala * Franklin Erepamo Osaisai * Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka * Micheal Oladimeji Faborede * Nicholas Agiobi Damachi * Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe * Ogbonnaya Onu * Olawale Adeniji Ige * [[Azikiwe Peter Onwualu]] * Rahmon Ade Bello * Samuel Olatunde Fadahunsi * [[Salihu Mustafa]] * Umar Buba Bindir == Duba kuma == * Jerin sanannun injiniyoyi a Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Category:Tarihin Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana ilimi a Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana Ilimi]] [[Category:Makarantun Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f4aofv1dqg7cvu9la0doq2kc2hfvm6t 4 21908 551969 551372 2024-12-04T21:27:59Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 551969 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:RobertMsk|RobertMsk]] |[[Special:Contributions/RobertMsk|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |2 |[[User:Mononesh Das Muktagacha|Mononesh Das Muktagacha]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mononesh Das Muktagacha|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |3 |[[User:Prof Abiodun Oluropo|Prof Abiodun Oluropo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Prof Abiodun Oluropo|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |4 |[[User:Junemoon19|Junemoon19]] |[[Special:Contributions/Junemoon19|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |5 |[[User:Favkinstin27|Favkinstin27]] |[[Special:Contributions/Favkinstin27|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |6 |[[User:Proxima Centaurix|Proxima Centaurix]] |[[Special:Contributions/Proxima Centaurix|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 29 ga Nuwamba 2024 |- |7 |[[User:Jossisad|Jossisad]] 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|[[Special:Contributions/Adbullah26|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 4 ga Disamba 2024 |- |91 |[[User:Johannespopannes|Johannespopannes]] |[[Special:Contributions/Johannespopannes|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 4 ga Disamba 2024 |- |92 |[[User:Mr.modra|Mr.modra]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mr.modra|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 4 ga Disamba 2024 |- |93 |[[User:Proofreader|Proofreader]] |[[Special:Contributions/Proofreader|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 4 ga Disamba 2024 |- |} gk5ra99vz6cpu1u7rp9jro9no0febbj 0 22248 551711 433315 2024-12-04T13:59:48Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:KageraRuvubu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KageraRuvubu.jpg|right|thumb|275x275px|Ruvubu a haduwarsa da Nyabarongo. Ruvubu ya fito daga hagu, Nayabarongo daga dama; mashahurin Kagera ya nufi arewa.]] [[File:Kagera_catchment_OSM.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kagera_catchment_OSM.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Ruvuvu (tsakiyar cibiyar)]] [[Fayil:KageraRuvubu.jpg|thumb|Kogin Rurubu]] '''Kogin Ruvubu''' (wanda ake rubuta sunan da '''Rurubu''' ko '''Ruvubu''') kogi ne a tsakiyar Afirka wanda ruwansa ke tattarawa daga mafi nisa, yankin kudu na Kogin Nilu. Tare da tsawon tsawon kilomita 416 (258 mi) kuma yana da magudanan ruwa mai 14,000 km2 (5,400 sq mi). Tana tashi ne a arewacin [[Burundi]], kusa da garin Kayanza sannan kuma ta yi baka ta kudu ta cikin Burundi, ta haɗu da [[Kogin Ruvyironza]] kusa da Gitega. Daga can ne yake tafiya arewa maso gabas, ta hanyar [[Filin shakatawa na Ruvubu]], har zuwa iyakar Tanzania. Bayan an shimfida kan iyakar, Ruvubu ya tsallaka ya isa Tanzania, kafin ya haɗu da [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] a kan iyakar Tanzania da Rwanda kusa da [[Faɗuwar ruwan Rusumo]], ya zama [[Kogin Kagera]]. Ruvubu ya samo sunanta ne daga kalmar Kirundi don hippopatamus, imvubu, saboda kogin gida ne na yawan jama'ar hippos.<ref>{{cite book|author=INECN|year=1990|title=La Preservation de Notre Patrimoine Naturel|publisher=Les Presses Lavigerie, Bujumbura}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b8jnksf5zijnqlmcy6eeyv59v2rycbu 0 22764 551824 542662 2024-12-04T18:08:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Darnel Abimbọla "Bim" Olumegbon Fernandez''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 25 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1989), magaji ne kuma mawaƙi Ba-Amurke haifaffen Faransa. Ita 'yar Antonio Deinde Fernandez, jakadan hamshakin mai kudin [[Najeriya]] ne.<ref name="Punch2">{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/my-father-wants-me-to-mine-gold-abimbola-fernandez/|title=My father wants me to mine gold – Abimbola Fernandez|work=Punch|location=Nigeria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302111929/http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/my-father-wants-me-to-mine-gold-abimbola-fernandez|author=Peter Okeugo|archive-date=March 2, 2014|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> A cikin 2014, ta yi waƙa tare da ƙungiyar Pink Grenade, kuma ta saki bidiyo mai rikitarwa biyu waɗanda suka ɗauki miliyoyin ra'ayoyin kan layi. Ta bar tambarinta a waccan shekarar. == Rayuwar farko == Abimbola Fernandez an haife shi ne a Asibitin Amurka na Paris a Neuilly-sur-Seine, wani yanki ne a yammacin karkarar [[Faris|Paris, Faransa]] . Mahaifinta ya kasance biloniya Antonio Deinde Fernandez daga [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], wanda ya koma Amurka tun yana saurayi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/11/16/10-african-millionaires-to-watch/4/|title=10 African Millionaires To Watch|author=Mfonobong Nsehe|date=16 November 2011|work=Forbes}}</ref> Danginsa Fernandez sun fito ne daga wani dan kasuwar Fotigal-dan kasar Brazil wanda ya yi iyali tare da matar Afirka a Legas a farkon ƙarni na 19.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenerveafrica.com/2099/the-fernandez-house-in-lagos-relic-of-an-afro-brazilian-past/|title=The Fernandez house in Lagos: Relic of an Afro-Brazilian past|date=2015-12-18|work=The Nerve Africa|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005072123/https://thenerveafrica.com/2099/the-fernandez-house-in-lagos-relic-of-an-afro-brazilian-past/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahaifin Fernandez yana da ƙungiyoyi huɗu da suka gabata;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://encomium.ng/erelu-dosumu-refuses-to-talk-about-late-husband-fernandez/|title=Erelu Dosumu refuses to talk about late husband, Fernandez|work=Encomium Magazine|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> matarsa ta uku farar fata Ba’amurkiya Barbara Joyce<ref name="His Intimate World2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/anthonio-oladehinde-fernandez-his-intimate-world/|title=Anthonio Oladehinde Fernandez: His Intimate World - The Elites Nigeria|date=2015-09-18|work=The Elites Nigeria|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> wacce ta aure shi a 1961 yayin da suke zaune a Virginia, ta haifa masa yara uku a Amurka, suka rabu da shi a 1984 ko farkon 1985, sannan suka nemi a sake su a 1987 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1988537208conn3291514|title=FERNANDEZ v. FERNANDEZ {{!}} 208 Conn. 329 (1988) {{!}} conn3291514 {{!}} Leagle.com|work=Leagle|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref> Abokin zama na hudu shi ne Gimbiya Abiola Dosunmu, wacce ta aure shi a Najeriya a watan Afrilun 1973 a wani biki da aka samu halarta. Ungiyar ta haifar da 'ya mace kuma ta kasance har zuwa 1987-1988.<ref name="Vanguard2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/fernandez-at-last-the-veil-is-lifted/|title=Fernandez: At last 'the veil is lifted' - Vanguard News Nigeria|date=2015-09-16|work=Vanguard News Nigeria|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> Abokinsa na biyar, mahaifiyar Fernandez Ba-Amurke, an haife shi Sandra Inett Price. Ta dauki sunan Aduke Fernandez ne a haduwar tasu, wacce ta ce ta fara ne a shekarar 1982 tare da bikin aure a Najeriya, duk da cewa daga baya ya ce ba su taba yin aure ba.<ref name="Scotsman2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/absence-makes-the-ex-partner-163-1m-richer-1-1133600|title=Absence makes the ex-partner £1m richer|website=Scotsman.com|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref><ref name="His Intimate World3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/anthonio-oladehinde-fernandez-his-intimate-world/|title=Anthonio Oladehinde Fernandez: His Intimate World - The Elites Nigeria|date=2015-09-18|work=The Elites Nigeria|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/appellate-division-second-department/2009/2009-04376.html|title=Fernandez v Price|work=Justia Law|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref> Thea na farko da ma'auratan suka haifa shine 'yar Atinuke a cikin 1984, sannan Abimbola ya bi ta 1989. Takardar shaidar haihuwa ta kasar Faransa ta bayyana sunan ta kamar ''Darnel Abimbola Olumegbon Fernandez'' da kuma sunan mahaifiyar ta Aduke Olufunmilola Olumegbon Price Fernandez.<ref name="Messier2">{{cite news|url=http://thelightnews.com/fernandez-family-feud-gets-messier-you-are-a-bastard-wife-you-are-a-gold-digger-my-father-never-married-you-daughter/|title=Fernandez Feud Gets Messier|date=September 2, 2015|author=Harold Udaka|work=The Light News|location=Nigeria|access-date=October 5, 2018|archive-date=October 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195050/http://thelightnews.com/fernandez-family-feud-gets-messier-you-are-a-bastard-wife-you-are-a-gold-digger-my-father-never-married-you-daughter/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sunan da aka raba na Olumegbon ya fito ne daga layin Olumegbon mai daraja na Isale-Eko, Lagos; mahaifinta dan gidan wannan mulki ne ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://yemojanewsng.com/billionaire-deinde-fernandez-is-dead/|title=Billionaire Deinde Fernandez Is Dead! {{!}} YemojaNews|website=Yemojanewsng.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-08|archive-date=2018-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130010804/https://yemojanewsng.com/billionaire-deinde-fernandez-is-dead/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan haihuwar Fernandez, dangin sun ɗan zauna na wani ɗan lokaci a Hotel Ritz Paris, sannan suka koma Chateau de Bois-Feuillette a cikin Pontpoint.<ref name="PRLog2">{{cite web|url=https://www.prlog.org/12420522-abimbola-fernandez-aka-bim-fernandez.html|title=Abimbola Fernandez aka Bim Fernandez|author=Abimbola Fernandez|work=PRLog Press Release Distribution|date=January 31, 2015|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> Wani motsi ya dauke ta zuwa New York, mahaifinta ya sayi gidan tarihi mai tsoka All View Estate a kudancin kudu na Premium Point, New Rochelle . Fernandez ya fara koyon violin yana ɗan shekara huɗu. Tana da shekara shida, ta halarci Makarantar Rye Country Day, sannan daga baya Convent of the Sacred Heart a Connecticut. A shekara 10, ta ƙaura tare da dangin zuwa Edinburgh, inda ta halarci Kwalejin Fettes.<ref name=":0" /> A 13, ta fara kunna guitar.<ref name="Punch2" />Fernandez ya kammala karatunsa daga Fettes yana da shekara 18. Ta dauki darasi a cikin samar da bidiyo a Art Art Institute na Birnin New York, sannan a cikin 2009, ta shiga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes a Oxford.<ref name=":0" /> Lokacin da ta daina karatu bayan wata ɗaya don bin salon waƙa, mahaifinta bai yarda ba.<ref name="Punch2" /><ref name="PRLog2" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+PUNK+PRINCESS%3B+Her+dad+is+one+of+the+world%27s+richest+men%2C+she+...-a0358743528|title=The Punk Princess|author=Annette Witheridge|date=February 16, 2014|magazine=People|location=London}} Text hosted by thefreelibrary.com. Also [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111853/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-358743528.html hosted by HighBeam Research].</ref> A lokacin yarinta, Fernandez ta yi rayuwa irin ta 'yar attajira, tana yawo a duniya cikin jirgin sa, musamman zuwa kasashen Afirka, da kuma hutu a lokacin bazara a jirgin ruwan sa mai kafa 150, ''Yemoja'' . Ta samu horo ne a kan dawaki, tana fafatawa a wasannin dawakai shida na kasa. <ref name="Punch2" /> Mahaifinta ya damu da cewa watakila a sace ta kuma a biya ta fansa.<ref name="PRLog2" /> Mutane da yawa a duniya sun ziyarci gidanta a kan kasuwanci tare da mahaifinta, ciki har da [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II]], George HW Bush, [[Kofi Annan]], [[Nelson Mandela]] da Mobutu Sese Seko.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Ovation International|location=Nigeria|author=Dele Momodu|author-link=Dele Momodu|number=26|date=2000|title=Tribute to Achievement}} Exclusive edition devoted to Antonio Deinde Fernandez. Partial text and images hosted by Asabeafrika [https://www.asabeafrika.com/2015/09/inside-late-deinde-fernandezs-multi.html here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006002114/https://www.asabeafrika.com/2015/09/inside-late-deinde-fernandezs-multi.html |date=2018-10-06 }}.</ref> A watan Mayu 2003 lokacin da take makaranta a Scotland, mahaifinta ya tashi daga gidansu Edinburgh, kuma mahaifiyarta ta fara aiwatar da kisan aure, tana neman £ 300&nbsp;miliyan, wanda aka ruwaito a lokacin a matsayin ɗayan mafi girman girman saurin saki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jul/04/gerardseenan|title='Wife' of diplomat sues for £300m|last=Seenan|first=Gerard|date=2003-07-04|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> An yanke hukunci a ƙarshe don biyan kuɗi na 36 na monthly 30,000 jimlar ing 1,080,000.<ref name="Scotsman2" /> == Fashion == A cikin samartakanta, Fernandez ya yi fasali sau ɗaya don Vivienne Westwood a lokacin Makon Edinburgh. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/photos-billionaire-businessman-deinde-fernandez-his-wealthy-lifestyle-wives-and-children-revealed/|title=[PHOTOS] Billionaire Businessman Deinde Fernandez: His Wealthy Lifestyle, Wives And Children Revealed|website=Nigerianmonitor.com|date=2 September 2015|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720101044/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/photos-billionaire-businessman-deinde-fernandez-his-wealthy-lifestyle-wives-and-children-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150920124457/http://thenationonlineng.net/stupendous-wealth-dehinde-fernandez-left-behind/]</ref> Da take zaune ita kadai a New York, kayan tufafinta sun haɗa da tufafi masu zane kamar su kayan kwalliya na Carmen Marc Valvo, da kuma Gasparee caftan na Gillian Harding. <ref name="PRLog2" /> Ta gaji kayan mahaifiyarta ne na suttura da suka hada da caftans da yawa, daya ta Jean-Paul Gaultier, da sauran abubuwa ta Givenchy, Chanel, Oscar de la Renta da ƙari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nylon.com/articles/abimbola-fernandez-interview|title=Abimbola Fernandez Invites Us Inside Her Couture Closet|date=December 16, 2016|website=Nylon.com|author=Sydney Gore|access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref> == Waƙa == Fernandez ta fara rubuta waƙoƙi a kan guitar a lokacin yarinta. Ta je kide kide da wake-wake kuma ta san membobin kungiyar fandare har abada yara masu ciwo, da kuma Gabe Saporta, shugaba da mawaƙa na ƙungiyar pop-pop band Cobra Starship . A cikin 2009, Fernandez ya raira waƙa don goyan bayan waƙa a cikin waƙar "Nice Guys Finish Last",<ref name="PRLog2" /> kuma ta yi kwalliya don murfin kundin kundin ''Hot Mess'', wanda ya kai lamba 4 a kan Billboard 200 don zama kundin waƙoƙin da ya fi nasara a Cobra Starship. Fernandez kuma ya yi samfuri don murfin waƙoƙin waƙar, " Girlsan mata masu kyau sun tafi mummunan "<ref name=":0" /> Daukar sunan matakin Madame Luxe, Fernandez ya fara hada kai da mawaka daban-daban. EdM mai zane Draper, shima tsoffin ɗalibai ne na Jami'ar Oxford Brookes, ya nuna Madame Luxe tana rera waka a kan waƙarsa ta dubstep "Painting the Sky", wanda aka loda zuwa SoundCloud a watan Yunin 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.toogoodforradio.com/electronic/house-music/draper-painting-the-sky/|title=Draper - Painting the Sky|date=2011-06-29|work=Too Good For Radio|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720101038/http://www.toogoodforradio.com/electronic/house-music/draper-painting-the-sky/|url-status=dead}}</ref> An saka waƙar a kan EP mai taken Draper, wanda aka fitar a watan Fabrairun 2012 a kan Drop Dead lakabin da Ku kawo min Horizon na gaba Oliver Sykes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drapermusic.bigcartel.com/product/draper-ep-12-limited-edition|title=Draper EP 12" [LIMITED EDITION]|last=Drapermusic|website=Drapermusic.bigcartel.com|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> Fernandez ya yi aiki tare da deejay trio Cash Cash, yana raira waƙa tare da goyan baya a kan waƙoƙin "Tongue Twister" da "Ba Mu Barci a Dare", duka an sake su ne a cikin kundin tsarin Japan na kawai Cash Cash ''The Beat Goes On'' in Satumba 2012. Fernandez shima ya fito a " Cash Cash's Crime" Ba laifi bane laifi "", wanda aka loda zuwa SoundCloud a 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/hiiibim/love-crime-not-innocent-bim-as|title=Love Crime (Not Innocent) - Bim as Madame Luxe|access-date=29 July 2020|website=Soundcloud.com}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2013, Fernandez ya rattaba hannu ga SMH Records, wanda Jonathan Hay da Mike Smith suka kafa, waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Pink Grenade a kusa da Fernandez. An ba shi matsayin Bim Fernandez, ta buga guitar da raira waƙa a kan waƙoƙin "Lets Take It tsirara" da "Lipstick", tare da raba waƙar ta ƙarshe tare da Hay da Cash Cash.<ref name="AllMusic2">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/fear-of-a-pink-planet-mw0002700410|title=Pink Grenade: Fear of a Pink Planet|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> An fitar da waƙar pop ɗin "Bari mu ɗauka tsirara" don yawo a kan layi a cikin Janairu 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://jezebel.com/meet-the-nigerian-heiress-whos-chasing-rihannas-thron-1506560996|title=Meet the Nigerian Heiress Who's Chasing Rihanna's Throne|date=January 23, 2014|author=Hillary Crosley Coker|magazine=Jezebel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/mais-cm/domingo/detalhe/a-estrela-pop-afilhada-de-eduardo-dos-santos|title=A estrela pop afilhada de Eduardo dos Santos|website=Cmjornal.pt|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720101031/https://www.cmjornal.pt/mais-cm/domingo/detalhe/a-estrela-pop-afilhada-de-eduardo-dos-santos|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2014, an loda bidiyon “Bari Mu Itauke shi a tsirara” zuwa Vevo da WorldStarHipHop, sun tara 7.5&nbsp;miliyoyin ra'ayoyi a cikin makon farko. Bidiyon ya bambanta wasan kwaikwayo, kidan poppy tare da almara mai ban mamaki na Fernandez tare da yara maza da hodar iblis, girkin meth, da yin wasan Roulette Roulette, wanda aka saka da ciki mai ciki kamar tana cikin watannin ƙarshe na ciki. ''Jaridar The Herald'' a Najeriya ta kira bidiyon "abin kunya, mai tayar da hankali da hargitsi."<ref name="TheHerald2">{{cite news|url=https://www.herald.ng/billionaire-rockstar-heiress-bim-fernandez-controversial-new-music-video-lets-take-naked/|title=Billionaire rockstar heiress Bim Fernandez in controversial new music video 'Let's Take it Naked'|date=July 2014|newspaper=The Herald|location=Nigeria}}</ref> Vevo da WorldStarHipHop ne suka saukar da bidiyon amma har yanzu ana iya kallon Tidal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tidal.com/browse/video/37440798|title=Let's Take It Naked – Pink Grenade|website=Tidal.com|access-date=October 5, 2018}}</ref> Bidiyo na waƙar hip-hop "Lipstick", an sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yulin, 2014, tare da wuraren wasan kwaikwayon Fernandez, suna musanyawa da wuraren wasan mata masu wasa da jan leshi da fenti. Waƙar "da ake zargi da lalata" tana da waƙoƙin da ke ba da shawarar fellatio, kuma a ƙarshen muryar namiji "ta raba" Kim Kardashian da iyalinta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://radaronline.com/exclusives/2014/07/ashlee-holmes-rhonj-provocative-music-video-kim-kardashian-diss-lipstick-jacqueline-laurita/|title=RHONJ's Jacqueline Laurita's Daughter Ashlee Holmes Stars In Controversial Music Video — Disses Kim Kardashian!|author=Amber Ryland|work=Radaronline.com|date=July 23, 2014|access-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> An saka waƙoƙin a ƙarshen Yuli a kan albam ɗin Grenade na Pink, ''Tsoron Planawon Ruwa mai ruwan hoda'', wanda aka rarraba ta Caroline Records.<ref name="Yahoo2">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com:80/fear-pink-planet-070000857.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324034732/http://news.yahoo.com/fear-pink-planet-070000857.html|archive-date=March 24, 2014|title=Fear of A Pink Planet: Pink Grenade is About to Explode|author=SMH Records|date=March 20, 2014|access-date=October 3, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Fernandez ya bar Rakodin SMH a cikin Nuwamba Nuwamba 2014.<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar mutum == Mahaifiyar Fernandez ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa ta hanjin ciki a watan Mayu 2013.<ref name=":0" /> Asarar ta sa Fernandez ya sake kimanta aikinta, kuma ya sa gaba a cikin kade-kade, kamar yadda mahaifiyarta ta so,<ref name="NYPost2">{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2014/01/20/meet-the-nigerian-heiress-who-wants-to-be-the-next-rihanna/|title=Meet the Nigerian heiress who wants to be the next Rihanna|date=January 20, 2014|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|author=Gregory E. Miller}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/abimbola-fernandez-is-unlikely-songbird/|title=Abimbola Fernandez is unlikely songbird|date=January 26, 2014|newspaper=Thenationonlineng.net|location=Nigeria}}</ref>sabanin mahaifinta wanda ya yanke mata alawus na fewan shekaru saboda bai yarda da hanyar waƙarta ba . Bayan mahaifinta ya mutu a watan Satumbar 2015, Fernandez ya aika da sakonnin girmamawa da hotunan dangi a [[Instagram|shafin]] ta na Instagram, wanda ke nuna mahaifinta tare da ita.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/deinde-fernandez-see-last-pictures-of-late-billionaire-with-daughter-id4139880.html|title=Deinde Fernandez – See last pictures of late billionaire with daughter|date=September 5, 2015|author=Gbenga Bada|website=Pulse.ng|location=Nigeria}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tare da mahaifinta ya mutu, Fernandez da mahaifiyarsa mahaifiya Halima, abokin mahaifinta na shida na dogon lokaci, sun shiga cikin mummunan rikici game da rabon gado. Halima ba ta dauki Fernandez a matsayin halattaccen magajin mahaifinta ba, yayin da Fernandez ya ce Halima ba ta taba auren mahaifinta ba. Fernandez ya rubuta cewa Halima ba ta kula da burin mahaifin a binne shi a Najeriya ba tare da jana'izar kasa, ta binne shi a maimakon Beljiyam inda ya mutu, da kuma shirya wani karamin hidimar jana'iza, wanda aka gudanar tare da maganganun batanci ga mahaifin Fernandez da ya mutu. Rikicin ya bazu cikin jabs na kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/late-deinde-fernandezs-daughter-abimbola-3rd-wife-halima-launder-dirty-linen-on-social-media/|title=Late Deinde Fernandez's Daughter Abimbola & 3rd Wife Halima Launder Dirty Linen On Social Media {{!}} THEWILL|website=Thewillnigeria.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-08|archive-date=2018-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005071930/https://thewillnigeria.com/news/late-deinde-fernandezs-daughter-abimbola-3rd-wife-halima-launder-dirty-linen-on-social-media/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/fernandez-family-feud-gets-messier-why-i-am-at-war-with-my-fathers-mistress-halima-deinde-fernandez-last-child-abimbola/|title=Fernandez Family Feud Gets Messier: "Why I Am At War With My Father's Mistress, Halima - Deinde Fernandez' Last Child, Abimbola - The Elites Nigeria|date=2016-01-29|work=Theelitesng.com|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1989]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tdwff90ws0k5hhy1jx2txdbxjd0wlp5 0 23185 551731 498972 2024-12-04T14:21:28Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Peter Obi.png|thumb|peter obi]] [[Fayil:Peter Obi 2022.jpg|thumb|Peter obi]] [[Fayil:Charles Chinedu Ndukauba with Mr. Peter Obi at CKC, Onitsha.jpg|thumb|peter obi tare da dalibai]] [[Fayil:Peter Obi.png|thumb|Peter Obi]] '''Peter Gregory Obi''' (An haifeshi a ranar 19 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta alif 1961A.C) Miladiyya. Sanannen ɗan siyasan Nijeriya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya kasance ɗan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a babban zaɓen Nijeriya na shekarar 2019 a ƙarƙashin Jam’iyyar Democratic Party. Ya kasance tsohon gwamnan jihar Anambra, daga ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2006 zuwa ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2006, lokacin da aka tsige shi kuma daga ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarata 2007 zuwa ranar 29th ga watan Mayu shekarata 2007 bayan tsige shi. Kodayake an sake yin sabon zabe a ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu shekarata 2007, amma an sake naɗa shi gwamna a ranar 14 ga watan Yuni shekarata 2007 bayan hukuncin kotu cewa a ba shi damar kammala wa’adin shekaru hudu. Ya yi nasara a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu shekarata 2010 a karo na biyu a matsayin gwamna. Yanzu shine ɗan takarar kujerar shugaban ƙasa ƙarƙashin jam'iyar LP. A zaɓen da za ai a wannan shekara ta 2023.<ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2023/01/01/obasanjo-endorses-peter-obi-for-2023-presidency-says-lp-candidate-has-an-edge/</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 May 2022 |title=2023: Obi picks LP presidential ticket |url=https://guardian.ng/news/2023-obi-picks-lp-presidential-ticket/ |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]] |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609115322/https://guardian.ng/news/2023-obi-picks-lp-presidential-ticket/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chinagorom Ugwu |date=24 March 2022 |title=2023: Peter Obi declares for president, vows to create jobs, secure Nigeria |work=Premium Times |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/519426-2023-peter-obi-declares-for-president-vows-to-create-jobs-secure-nigeria.html |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626030732/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/519426-2023-peter-obi-declares-for-president-vows-to-create-jobs-secure-nigeria.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent Ufuoma |date=24 March 2022 |title=2023: Peter Obi joins presidential race |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/2023-peter-obi-joins-presidential-race/ |archive-date=29 June 2022 |website=www.icirnigeria.org |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629091023/https://www.icirnigeria.org/2023-peter-obi-joins-presidential-race/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Channels TV |date=10 June 2022 |title=2023: Peter Obi Gets Certificate Of Return As Labour Party Presidential Candidate |work=Channels Television |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2022/06/10/2023-peter-obi-gets-certificate-of-return-as-labour-party-presidential-candidate/ |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627165255/https://www.channelstv.com/2022/06/10/2023-peter-obi-gets-certificate-of-return-as-labour-party-presidential-candidate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa == [[File:Charles Chinedu Ndukauba with Mr. Peter Obi at CKC, Onitsha.jpg|thumb|Peter Obi]] An haifi Peter Obi a ranar 19th ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1961 a Onitsha.  Ya halarci kwalejin Christ the King, Onitsha, inda ya kammala karatun sakandare.  An shigar da shi a Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka, a shekarar 1980, ya kammala karatunsa tare da BA (Hons) a falsafa a shekarar 1984. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Ya halarci makarantar kasuwanci ta jihar Legas, Nijeriya,  inda ya yi babban shirinsa, makarantar kasuwanci ta Harvard, Boston, Amurka, inda ya yi shirye-shirye biyu, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, makarantar kudu maso yamma ta Columbia, New York, Amurka,  Cibiyar ci gaban gudanarwa, Switzerland  inda kuma ya sami takaddun shaida guda biyu a cikin Babban Shirin Gudanarwa da kuma Babban Jami'in Manyan Jami'an shirin. Ya kuma halarci makarantar digiri ta Kellogg na Gudanarwa, Amurka,  Jami'ar Oxford: Said business school  da Cambridge University: George business school.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/atiku-picks-peter-obi-as-running-mate/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728002003/https://guardian.ng/news/atiku-picks-peter-obi-as-running-mate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == Shine shugaban hukumar tsaro da musayar kuɗi ta Najeriya. Obi shi ne shugaban kamfanin Next International Nigeria Ltd, sannan shugaba da kuma darakta na Guardian Express Mortgage Bank Ltd, Guardian Express Bank Plc, Future View Securities Ltd, Paymaster Nigeria Ltd, Chams Nigeria Ltd, Data Corp Ltd da Card Center Ltd. Ya kasance shugaban matasa mafi karancin shekaru na Fidelity Bank Plc.  Kwanan nan ne tsohon Shugaban kasa Goodluck Jonathan ya naɗa shi Shugaban Hukumar tsaro da Musayar Kasuwanci (SEC) bayan babban zaɓen shekarar 2015.<ref>http://www.africa-confidential.com/whos-who-profile/id/2709/Governor_Peter_Onwubuasi_Obi</ref> == Siyasa == Peter Obi ya tsaya takarar gwamnan jihar Anambara a matsayin ɗan takarar jam’iyyar All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) a shekarar 2003, amma abokin hamayyarsa, Chris Ngige na jam’iyyar People's Democratic Party, hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta (INEC) ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. Bayan kusan shekaru uku na shari’a, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta soke nasarar Ngige a ranar 15 ga Maris 2006. Obi ya hau mulki ne a ranar 17 ga Maris 2006. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2006, majalisar dokokin jihar ta tsige shi bayan ya kwashe watanni bakwai yana aiki sannan washegari ta maye gurbinsa da Virginia Etiaba, mataimakiyarsa, hakan ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba zama gwamna a tarihin Najeriya. Obi ya yi nasarar kalubalantar tsige shi kuma aka sake sanya shi a matsayin gwamna a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2007 ta Kotun daukaka kara da ke zaune a Enugu. Etiaba ta mika masa mulki bayan hukuncin kotu. Obi ya sake barin ofis a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2007 bayan babban zaben, wanda Andy Uba ya ci. Obi ya sake komawa kotuna, a wannan karon yana mai kalubalantar cewa wa’adin shekaru hudu da ya ci a zaben 2003 ya fara tsayawa ne kawai lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki a watan Maris na 2006. A ranar 14 ga Yunin 2007 Kotun Koli ta Najeriya ta goyi bayan hujjar Obi kuma ta mayar da Obi kan mukaminsa. Wannan ya kawo karshen wa'adin mulkin magajin Obi, Andy Uba wanda zaben 14 ga Afrilu, 2007 Kotun Koli ta soke bisa hujjar cewa wa'adin shekaru hudu na Obi ya kamata ya kasance ba damuwa har zuwa Maris 2010. '''Lashe Zabe''' A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun 2010, Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa (INEC) ta bayyana Peter Obi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben gwamnan jihar Anambra na 2010, inda ya kayar da Farfesa Charles Chukwuma Soludo, tsohon gwamna, CBN . Wannan nasarar da aka samu a zaben ta karawa Gwamna Obi karin shekaru hudu a matsayin gwamnan jihar ta Anambra. A ranar 17 ga Maris din 2014 Peter Obi ya yi wa’adi na biyu kuma ya mika ragamar mulkin ga Willie Obiano. '''Abokin takara''' A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2018, an zabi Peter Obi a matsayin '''abokin takarar''' Atiku Abubakar, dan takarar Shugaban kasa na Jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party a zaben Shugabancin Najeriya na 2019. Jam’iyyarsa ce ta zo ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/jun/171.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2018-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017203044/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/jun/171.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Zaben shugaban kasa na Dubu biyu da sha tara == A ranar 12 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2018 ne aka naɗa Peter Obi a matsayin abokin takarar [[Atiku Abubakar]], ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa [[Peoples Democratic Party|na jam'iyyar PDP]] a [[Zaben Najeriya na 2019|zaben shugaban kasa na 2019]] . A matsayinsa na dan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, Obi ya yi adawa da shawarwarin daidaita tsarin mafi karancin albashi na kasa, yana mai cewa ya kamata jihohi daban-daban su sami mafi karancin albashi. <ref>Premium Times (7 October 2014). "Finally, Ex-Gov. Peter Obi dumps APGA for PDP". ''Premium Times''. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022</ref> Tikitin Abubakar/Obi ya zo na biyu. <ref>Channels TV (7 October 2014). "Former Anambra Governor Peter Obi Joins PDP". ''Channels Television''. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.</ref> == Zaben shugaban ƙasa na shekarar Dubu biyu da ashirin da ukku == A ranar 24 ga Maris shekarar, 2022, Peter Obi ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugabancin Najeriya]] a karkashin jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party]], amma daga baya ya janye ya bayyana cewa zai tsaya takara a karkashin jam’iyyar [[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=2023 - Peter Obi declares for president, vows to create jobs, secure Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/519426-2023-peter-obi-declares-for-president-vows-to-create-jobs-secure-nigeria.html|date=2022-03-24|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-05-07|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507065637/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/519426-2023-peter-obi-declares-for-president-vows-to-create-jobs-secure-nigeria.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Peter Obi resigns from PDP: Former Anambra state govnor tok why e withdraw from di Peoples Democratic Party presidential primaries|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61586581|newspaper=BBC News Pidgin|publisher=BBC|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117012633/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61586581|url-status=live}}</ref> Kamar yadda ''[[Jama'a Gazette|jaridar Peoples Gazette]]'' ta ruwaito, Peter Obi ya rubutawa shugabannin jam'iyyar PDP wasika a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu kan ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. <ref>Kehinde, Opeyemi (12 October 2018). "2019: Atiku picks Peter Obi as running mate". ''Daily Trust''. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022</ref> Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Obi ya koka kan yadda ake ba wa wakilai cin hanci da kuma sayen kuri’u a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar, yana mai nuni da cewa akwai ‘yan jam’iyyar da ke hada kai da shi. <ref>Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban (27 February 2019). "Buhari beats Atiku to secure re-election as Nigeria president". ''African News''. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022</ref>. Asalin kasuwancin Obi da matsayinsa na babban dan takarar da ba shi da alaka da ko wanne daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun Najeriya biyu ya kwatanta da nasarar da [[Emmanuel Macron]] ya samu [[Zaben shugaban kasar Faransa 2017|a zaben shugaban kasar Faransa a 2017]] . <ref>Abisola Olasupo, Dennis Erezi, Solomon Fowowe and Timileyin Omilana (27 February 2019). "Buhari wins 2019 presidential election". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022</ref> <ref>"Peter Obi shakes up the political class". ''www.africa-confidential.com''. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022</ref> <ref>Online, Tribune (4 July 2022). "The rise of populism in Nigeria's political landscape". ''Tribune Online''. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022</ref> <ref>"'Obidients' hail Peter Obi's massive welcome at Dunamis"</ref> Obi ya nuna jin dadinsa ga Macron kuma yana cikin jami’an da suka tarbi Macron a ziyarar da ya kai Legas. <ref>"Is Peter Obi and 'Obidients' really ready?". ''Daily Trust''. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022</ref> == Gamayyar goyon baya na Obidient == Matasa ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 30 sun tabbatar da cewa sune manyan magoya bayan Obi, inda suka nuna goyon bayansu ta kafafen sada zumunta da zanga-zanga da tattakin tituna. <ref>{{cite news|date=5 July 2022|title=Peter Obi: The Labour Party candidate electrifying young Nigerians|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61865502|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705050938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61865502|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aisha Yesufu]], fitacciyar ‘yar fafutuka da aka bayyana a matsayin wacce ta kafa kungiyar [[Dawo Da Yan Matan Mu|#BringBackOurGirls]] kuma mai goyon bayan yakin [[End SARS|kawo karshen SARS]], ta amince da Obi a karon farko na amincewa da ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa. <ref>"Peter Obi: Profile of PDP vice presidential candidate - Daily Post Nigeria". 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</ref>. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1961]] [[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] [[Category:Maza]] j2ze83s5utzcb7qro31jywc1s7h3jpe 0 23787 551781 403526 2024-12-04T15:39:38Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Court 1 Interior, London, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|Kotun Koli na Ƙasar Ingila]] '''Kotun Ƙoli na Ƙasar Ingila''' ( initialism : UKSC ko acronym : SCOTUK) ne ƙarshe kotu na roko a United Kingdom ga duk} ararrakin, kazalika don laifi lokuta da asali a Ingila, Wales da kuma Northern Ireland.<ref>The Supreme Court". The Registry, the Supreme Court (The Registry of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom). 12 January 2013. Retrieved 9 November.</ref><ref>'UK Supreme Court bound for Northern Ireland': Press release from the Supreme Court, 27 November 2017.</ref> Hakanan yana jin karar mafi girman jama'a ko mahimmancin tsarin mulki wanda ya shafi yawan jama'a. Kotun yawanci yana zaune a cikin Middlesex Guildhall a Westminster, kodayake yana iya zama a wani wuri kuma, alal misali, ya zauna a cikin Edinburgh City Chambers,  Kotunan Sarauta na Belfast,  da Tŷ Hywel Building a Cardiff.<ref>"Supreme Court to sit in Scotland': Press release from the Supreme Court, 1 March 2017</ref> == Tarihi == An fara ƙirƙirar Kotun Ƙoli na Ƙasar Ingila a cikin takardar tuntuba da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsarin Mulki ta buga a watan Yulin 2003. Kodayake jaridar ta lura cewa babu wani suka da aka yi wa Shugabannin Shari'a na yanzu ko kuma wata alama ta nuna son kai, amma ta bayar da hujjar cewa raba ayyukan shari'a na Kwamitin daukaka kara na majalisar Iyayengiji daga ayyukan majalisar. na Iyayengiji ya kamata a bayyane. Jaridar ta lura da abubuwan damuwa masu zuwa: * Ko akwai ƙarin tabbataccen 'yancin kai daga zartarwa da majalisa don ba da tabbacin' yancin sashen shari'a. *Bukatar bayyanar rashin son kai da 'yancin kai ya iyakance ikon Iyayengiji na Shari'a don ba da gudummawa ga aikin Gidan da kansa, don haka rage ƙima ga su da Gidan membobin su. Ba koyaushe jama'a ke fahimtar cewa yanke hukunci na "Gidan Iyayengiji" a zahiri Kwamitin Daukaka Kara ne kuma membobin da ba su da shari'a ba su taɓa shiga cikin hukuncin ba. *Sabanin haka, ana jin cewa ba koyaushe ake yabawa yadda girman Dokokin Ubangiji da kansu suka yanke shawarar guji saka hannu cikin lamuran siyasa dangane da dokar da wataƙila za su yanke hukunci a kai.  Sabon Shugaban Kotun, Lord Phillips na Worth Matravers, ya yi iƙirarin cewa tsohon tsarin ya rikitar da mutane kuma cewa tare da Kotun Koli a karon farko za a sami rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin madafun iko tsakanin majalisar dokoki, majalisar dokoki da zartarwa. *Sarari a cikin Gidan Iyayengiji ya kasance mai ƙima kuma kotun koli ta daban za ta rage matsin lamba a Fadar Westminster. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kotu]] ahgj5kdzg0sx4kdpt4adreh68ax7d2c 0 25666 551855 427768 2024-12-04T19:29:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Aggrey Memorial''' makaranta ce a [[Arochukwu]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About – Aggrey Memorial Secondary School|url=https://amescoschool.com/about/|access-date=2021-06-26|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626141206/https://amescoschool.com/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihi == An Kafa ta a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931, Aggrey Memorial Secondary School ne a co-ilimi makarantar sakandare. Malamin Najeriya, [[wiktionary:statesman|dan]] siyasa, ɗan gwagwarmaya kuma [[Ɗan siyasa|dan siyasa]] Dr [[Alvan Ikoku|Alvan Azinna Ikoku ne ya kafa makarantar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aggrey Memorial Secondary School Archives|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/aggrey-memorial-secondary-school/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626142810/https://guardian.ng/tag/aggrey-memorial-secondary-school/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sabanin mutane da yawa da suka kafa cibiyoyi da sunan kansu, Dr Ikoku ya sanyawa makarantar sunan James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey (Oktoba 18, 1875 - Yuli 30, 1927) wanda mishan ne kuma malami daga [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-29|title=Alunmi to rebuild Aggrey Memorial College|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/alunmi-rebuild-aggrey-memorial-college/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [https://amescoschool.com/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222053222/https://amescoschool.com/ |date=2022-12-22 }} [[Category:Makarantun Secondary a Jihar Abia]] [[Category:1931 Gine-gine a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makaranta]] ccz5pjiuizgwv51cxg26sk1b8keyj66 0 25708 551812 456988 2024-12-04T17:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551812 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''2021 likitocin Nijeriya yajin''' ya kasance mai aiki yajin shafe likitoci shirya karkashin Nijeriya Association of mazaunin Doctors (NARD). An fara yajin aikin ne a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta kuma umarnin kotu ya dakatar da shi a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta. Yajin aikin, daya daga cikin hudu da ya shafi NARD tun farkon barkewar cutar COVID-19, ya kuma samo asali ne sakamakon takaddamar albashi tsakanin kungiyar da gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, inda kungiyar ta yi zargin cewa gwamnati ta sake sabon yarjejeniya da suka yi. ya kai karshen karshen yajin aikin da ya gabata a watan Afrilu. Bayan wannan, kungiyar (wacce ke wakiltar kusan kashi 40 na likitocin kasar) sun shiga yajin aiki. An shirya sauraren karar a gaban Kotun Masana'antu ta Najeriya ranar 15 ga watan Satumba. == Bayan Fage == [[File:Tour_1.jpg|alt=A color photograph of nine health professionals, all wearing scrubs and facemasks|thumb|250x250px| Kwararrun lafiya a Najeriya yayin barkewar COVID-19, Maris 2021]] A yayin [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|barkewar COVID-19 a Najeriya]], Kungiyar Likitocin mazaunan Najeriya (NARD), ƙungiyar likitocin ƙasa da ke wakiltar kusan kashi 40 na duk likitocin ƙasar <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors strike over pay, inadequate facilities|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/2/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-pay-inadequate-facilities|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825004540/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/2/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-pay-inadequate-facilities|archive-date=25 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Aljazeera.com]]|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Obiezu|first=Timothy|date=12 August 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors' Strike Disrupts Health System Amid Pandemic|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-doctors-strike-disrupts-health-system-amid-pandemic|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824002103/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-doctors-strike-disrupts-health-system-amid-pandemic|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Awojulugbe|first=Oluseyi|date=19 August 2021|title=EXPLAINER: What you need to know about Nigeria's resident doctors and why they strike so frequently|url=https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/blog/explainer-what-you-need-know-about-nigerias-resident-doctors-and-why-they-strike|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Africa Check]]|language=en}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Approximately 16,000 doctors total.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Eboh|first=Camillus|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors begin strike over salary, allowances|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-salary-allowances-2021-08-02/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005055/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-salary-allowances-2021-08-02/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />}} (including 90 percent of doctors in the country's teaching hospitals<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saric|first=Ivana|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors strike over unpaid salary and benefits as COVID-19 cases surge|url=https://www.axios.com/nigeria-doctors-strike-pay-covid-ab8043a3-e5e7-4b95-802b-288526e04474.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031727/https://www.axios.com/nigeria-doctors-strike-pay-covid-ab8043a3-e5e7-4b95-802b-288526e04474.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|publisher=Axios Media Inc.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alake|first=Tope|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors Start Strike Amid Rising Coronavirus Cases|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-02/nigerian-doctors-start-strike-amid-rising-coronavirus-cases|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824012757/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-02/nigerian-doctors-start-strike-amid-rising-coronavirus-cases|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors strike over pay, inadequate facilities|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/2/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-pay-inadequate-facilities|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825004540/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/2/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-pay-inadequate-facilities|archive-date=25 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Aljazeera.com]]|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":82">{{Cite web|last=Obiezu|first=Timothy|date=12 August 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors' Strike Disrupts Health System Amid Pandemic|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-doctors-strike-disrupts-health-system-amid-pandemic|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824002103/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-doctors-strike-disrupts-health-system-amid-pandemic|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Awojulugbe|first=Oluseyi|date=19 August 2021|title=EXPLAINER: What you need to know about Nigeria’s resident doctors and why they strike so frequently|url=https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/blog/explainer-what-you-need-know-about-nigerias-resident-doctors-and-why-they-strike|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Africa Check]]|language=en}}</ref>{{refn|Approximately 16,000 doctors total.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Eboh|first=Camillus|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors begin strike over salary, allowances|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-salary-allowances-2021-08-02/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005055/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-doctors-begin-strike-over-salary-allowances-2021-08-02/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />|group=note}} (gami da 90 kashi dari na likitoci a asibitocin koyarwa na kasas<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saric|first=Ivana|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors strike over unpaid salary and benefits as COVID-19 cases surge|url=https://www.axios.com/nigeria-doctors-strike-pay-covid-ab8043a3-e5e7-4b95-802b-288526e04474.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031727/https://www.axios.com/nigeria-doctors-strike-pay-covid-ab8043a3-e5e7-4b95-802b-288526e04474.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|publisher=Axios Media Inc.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alake|first=Tope|date=2 August 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors Start Strike Amid Rising Coronavirus Cases|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-02/nigerian-doctors-start-strike-amid-rising-coronavirus-cases|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824012757/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-02/nigerian-doctors-start-strike-amid-rising-coronavirus-cases|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref>), sun sami kyakkyawar dangantaka da gwamnatin Najeriya kan rikicin albashi. A watan Maris na 2020, kungiyar NARD reshen Abuja ta ayyana yajin aiki bayan gwamnati ta kuma kasa biyan albashin likita na tsawon watanni biyu.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Dumebi|date=17 March 2020|title=BREAKING: Nigerian Doctors go on Strike|url=https://politicsnigeria.com/breaking-nigerian-doctors-go-on-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305003146/https://politicsnigeria.com/breaking-nigerian-doctors-go-on-strike/|archive-date=5 March 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Politics Nigeria]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Yuni, kuma daga baya a watan Satumba, NARD ta kaddamar da yajin aiki guda biyu a cikin kasa baki daya saboda basussuka tun daga shekarar 2014, da kuma karin albashi, biyan hadari da kudade don zama . <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Ige|first=Olugbenga|date=7 September 2020|title=BREAKING: Nigerian doctors begin nationwide indefinite strike|url=https://politicsnigeria.com/breaking-nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-indefinite-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114145259/https://politicsnigeria.com/breaking-nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-indefinite-strike/|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Politics Nigeria]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, wani yajin aikin ya sake faruwa a watan Afrilu na 2021 kan irin wannan lamari na biyan albashi wanda ya fara watanni da yawa.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=Asala|first=Kizzi|last2=Dibie|first2=Michael|date=10 April 2021|title=Pain, outrage as Nigerian doctors strike over pay|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/08/patients-in-nigeria-urge-governmental-response-over-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824044144/https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/08/patients-in-nigeria-urge-governmental-response-over-doctors-strike//|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Africanews]]|language=en}}</ref> Wannan yajin aikin ya dauki kwanaki goma kafin ya kare ranar 10 ga Afrilu.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=Resident Doctors To Begin Nationwide Strike On Monday|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2021/07/31/resident-doctors-to-begin-nationwide-strike-on-monday/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824032445/https://www.channelstv.com/2021/07/31/resident-doctors-to-begin-nationwide-strike-on-monday/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 August 2021|title=Resident doctors for Nigeria don begin indefinite strike|language=Nigerian Pidgin|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-58056174|access-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005055/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-58056174|archive-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> Kafin yajin aikin, a ranar 31 ga Maris, NARD da gwamnatin Najeriya sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna (wacce aka yi wa kwaskwarima a ranar 9 ga Afrilu) wacce ta magance wasu damuwar likitan. Koyaya, bayan watanni da yawa, NARD ta yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ba ta aiwatar da sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar ba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oko|first=Steve|date=31 July 2021|title=BREAKING: Residents doctors to begin indefinite strike from Monday|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/breaking-residents-doctors-to-begin-indefinite-strike-from-monday/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824012757/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/breaking-residents-doctors-to-begin-indefinite-strike-from-monday/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Ayoola|date=31 July 2021|title=Nigerian doctors begin nationwide strike amidst Buhari's medical tour|url=https://gazettengr.com/just-in-nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike-amidst-buharis-medical-tour/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031808/https://gazettengr.com/just-in-nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike-amidst-buharis-medical-tour/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Peoples Gazette]]|publisher=Peoples Gazette Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuni, NARD ta yi barazanar karin matakin masana'antu don nuna rashin amincewa da kin biyan gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2 August 2021|title=Anxiety in Nigerian universities as ASUU meets FG today over looming strike|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/02/anxiety-in-nigerian-universities-as-asuu-meets-fg-today-over-looming-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011505/https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/02/anxiety-in-nigerian-universities-as-asuu-meets-fg-today-over-looming-strike/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|publisher=Daily Post Media Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli, Majalisar Zartarwa ta NARD ta yi taro tare da kada kuri'ar amincewa a fara yajin aikin da za a fara ranar 2 ga watan Agusta domin nuna rashin amincewa da rashin aikin gwamnati.<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Silas|first=Don|date=31 July 2021|title=Nigerian doctors begin nationwide strike|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/31/nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005056/https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/31/nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|publisher=Daily Post Media Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=31 July 2021|title=Nigeria resident doctors go start nationwide strike on August 2|language=Nigerian Pidgin|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/58043128|access-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824033655/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/58043128|archive-date=24 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors Begin Nationwide Strike Amid COVID-19 Surge|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/31/nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike-amid-covid-19-surge|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031338/http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/31/nigerian-doctors-begin-nationwide-strike-amid-covid-19-surge|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Bugu da kari, NARD tana rokon gwamnati da ta biya fa'idodin inshora ga dangin membobinta 19 da suka mutu sakamakon COVID-19 yayin barkewar cutar. <ref name=":32" /> == Darasin yajin aikin == Yajin aikin ya fara ne da karfe 8 na safiyar ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, ranar Litinin. Da yake magana da Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Faransa, shugaban NARD ya bayyana cewa an fara yajin aikin ne na wani lokaci, kuma ba a kebe wa likitocin da ke kula da maganin COVID-19 ba.<ref name=":32" /> A cewar wani shugaban NARD na jihar, yajin aikin zai kare ne lokacin da gwamnati ta amince aiwatar da manufofin yarjejeniyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 August 2021|title=BREAKING: Nigeria's Residents Doctors Begin Indefinite Strike As President Buhari Receives Medical Attention In UK|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/02/breaking-nigerias-residents-doctors-begin-indefinite-strike-president-buhari-receives|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011505/http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/02/breaking-nigerias-residents-doctors-begin-indefinite-strike-president-buhari-receives|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Da yake zantawa da ''The Guardian'' a lokacin da yajin aikin ya fara, shugaban kungiyar likitocin Najeriya (NMA) ya ki yin tsokaci kan matakin yajin aikin, amma ya soki gazawar gwamnati na biyan likitocin albashinsu. A cikin wancan labarin, an bayyana cewa Ma'aikatar Kwadago da Aiki ta Tarayya ba ta sami sanarwar yajin aiki daga NARD ba kafin fara yajin aikin, amma har yanzu a shirye suke su fara tattaunawa da kungiyar da wuri -wuri.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=Muanya|first=Chukwuma|last2=Olayinka|first2=Collins|date=2 August 2021|title=COVID-19 cases, others to suffer as 16,000 resident doctors begin strike today|url=https://guardian.ng/news/covid-19-cases-others-to-suffer-as-16000-resident-doctors-begin-strike-today/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824044143/https://guardian.ng/news/covid-19-cases-others-to-suffer-as-16000-resident-doctors-begin-strike-today/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin da aka fara yajin aikin, [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari ba]] ya kasar domin ziyarar jinya a [[Birtaniya|kasar Ingila]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Obiezu|first=Timothy|date=3 August 2021|title=Nigerian Doctors Strike Amid Coronavirus Third Wave|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/nigerian-doctors-strike-amid-coronavirus-third-wave|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005055/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/nigerian-doctors-strike-amid-coronavirus-third-wave|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adediran|first=Ifeoluwa|last2=Onyeji|first2=Ebuka|date=3 August 2021|title=As Buhari receives medical care abroad, doctors’ strike takes toll on Nigerian hospitals|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/477242-as-buhari-receives-medical-care-abroad-doctors-strike-takes-toll-on-nigerian-hospitals.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031441/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/477242-as-buhari-receives-medical-care-abroad-doctors-strike-takes-toll-on-nigerian-hospitals.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yajin aikin ya fara ne yayin da Najeriya ke fuskantar matsalar COVID-19 karo na uku.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last=Salau|first=Gbenga|last2=Onyedika-Ugoeze|first2=Nkechi|date=3 August 2021|title=FG confirms COVID-19 third wave amid doctor’s strike|url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-confirms-covid-19-third-wave-amid-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824033840/https://guardian.ng/news/fg-confirms-covid-19-third-wave-amid-doctors-strike/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> Kashegari, a ranar 3 ga Agusta, Minista Adeleke Mamora na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya ya yi magana a wani taron NMA inda ya bukaci likitocin da ke yajin aiki da su koma tattaunawa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2021|title=Nigerian govt appeals to striking doctors to continue negotiation|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/477379-nigerian-govt-appeals-to-striking-doctors-to-continue-negotiation.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011507/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/477379-nigerian-govt-appeals-to-striking-doctors-to-continue-negotiation.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:COVID-19-Pandemie_-_NG_(Nigeria)_-_Infizierte_(800px).svg|alt=A color graph showing the number of cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria from the beginning of 2020|left|thumb|250x250px| Yajin aikin ya faru ne a karo na uku na shari'o'in COVID-19 a cikin kasar. ]] A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, ''jaridar Vanguard ta'' ruwaito cewa NARD ta aike da wasika zuwa ga Kungiyar Likitoci da Likitoci ta Najeriya (MDCN) wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da matakin MDCN na hana jami’an gidan shiga yajin aiki da NARD, bisa zargin cewa MDCN ba ta da ikon aiwatar da wannan haramcin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Olawale|first=Gabriel|date=5 August 2021|title=MDCN can't stop ‘house doctors’ from joining strike — NARD|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/mdcn-cant-stop-house-doctors-from-joining-strike-nard/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824031109/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/mdcn-cant-stop-house-doctors-from-joining-strike-nard/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> A daidai wannan lokacin, [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta]] fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta nemi NARD da ta “yi la’akari da halin da ake ciki” tare da dakatar da yajin aikin saboda barkewar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2021|title=Consider Nigeria’s situation, call off strike, NASS pleads with doctors|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/consider-nigerias-situation-call-off-strike-nass-pleads-with-doctors/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, bangarorin biyu sun dauki tsauraran matakai, inda Ministan Kwadago [[Chris Nwabueze Ngige|Chris Ngige ya]] bayyana a ranar 7 ga Agusta cewa yana sanya wa likitocin wa'adin kwanaki 7 su koma bakin aiki kafin su fuskanci yiwuwar dakatar da su.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|last=Onyeji|first=Ebuka|date=7 August 2021|title=Striking doctors dare Nigerian govt over 'No work, No pay' directive|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/478041-striking-doctors-dare-nigerian-govt-over-no-work-no-pay-directive.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011505/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/478041-striking-doctors-dare-nigerian-govt-over-no-work-no-pay-directive.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>Hakanan, ya yi kira ga dokar "babu aiki, babu albashi" da za ta hana a biya likitocin tsawon yajin aikin.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web|last=Onyeji|first=Ebuka|date=7 August 2021|title=Striking doctors dare Nigerian govt over 'No work, No pay' directive|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/478041-striking-doctors-dare-nigerian-govt-over-no-work-no-pay-directive.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011505/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/478041-striking-doctors-dare-nigerian-govt-over-no-work-no-pay-directive.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adebowale|first=Nike|date=13 August 2021|title=Doctors’ Strike: Nigerian government insists on ‘No-Work, No-Pay’|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/479035-doctors-strike-nigerian-government-insists-on-no-work-no-pay.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005055/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/479035-doctors-strike-nigerian-government-insists-on-no-work-no-pay.html|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugu da kari, Ngige ya gargadi yaransa, wadanda likitoci ne, da kar su shiga yajin aikin,<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2021|title=Nigerian Minister Threatens Doctors Over Strike, Warns His Children Who Are Doctors To Keep Working|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/07/nigerian-minister-threatens-doctors-over-strike-warns-his-children-who-are-doctors-keep|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807120455/http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/07/nigerian-minister-threatens-doctors-over-strike-warns-his-children-who-are-doctors-keep|archive-date=7 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> sannan kuma ya nuna cewa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta goyi bayan matsayinsa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Buhari Enjoys Medical Service In UK As Sick Nigerians Suffer With Resident Doctors' Strike Entering Day 6|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/08/buhari-enjoys-medical-service-uk-sick-nigerians-suffer-resident-doctors-strike-entering|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824011601/http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/08/buhari-enjoys-medical-service-uk-sick-nigerians-suffer-resident-doctors-strike-entering|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Karin martani game da yajin aikin ya fito ne daga Darakta Janar na [[All Progressives Congress|Kungiyar]] Gwamnonin Ci gaban Gwamnoni, wanda ya yi tir da NARD kuma ya bukace su da su koma bakin aiki.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ugwu|first=Romanus|date=8 August 2021|title=APC Govs DG chides striking doctors|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/apc-govs-dg-chides-striking-doctors/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808181947/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/apc-govs-dg-chides-striking-doctors/|archive-date=8 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> Sai dai kuma shugaban NARD ya bayyana cewa yajin aikin zai ci gaba har abada har sai an biya musu bukatun su. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web}}</ref> Har ila yau, NARD ta sami tallafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwadago, wacce ta tuhumi halaccin matsayin Ngige na "babu aiki, babu albashi". Bugu da kari, masu goyon bayan yajin aikin sun yi nuni da banbanci tsakanin kudaden da ake baiwa asibitocin gwamnati (kamar wadanda yajin aikin NARD ya shafa) da ingancin kula da lafiya da ake samu ga manyan masu fada aji na al’umma, kamar Shugaba Buhari.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asadu|first=Chinedu|date=10 August 2021|title=Unpaid doctors strike in Nigeria amid new COVID-19 surge|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-nigeria-2b7555e48e30742ca5269d828c0f49f4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824032439/https://apnews.com/article/africa-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-nigeria-2b7555e48e30742ca5269d828c0f49f4|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Associated Press]]|language=en}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, Kungiyar tuntuba ta Likitoci da Hakora ta Najeriya (MDCAN) ta kuma yi barazanar daukar matakin yajin aiki kan irin wannan matsalar da NARD ke fuskanta.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=14 August 2021|title=FG moves to avert Consultant Doctors strike|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/fg-moves-to-avert-consultant-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":82" /> Duk da haka, saboda tsoron yajin aikin da ya fi girma wanda ya shafi NARD da MDCAN, Ngige ya matsa don magance yawancin buƙatun MDCAN, kuma a ranar 15 ga Agusta jaridar ''The Sun'' ta ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar ba ta shirin yin yajin aiki.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nnamani|first=Adanna|date=15 August 2021|title=FG averts consultant doctors’ strike|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/fg-averts-consultant-doctors-strike-2/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Sa'adu_Abubakar_-Sultan_of_Sokoto.jpg|alt=A color photograph of Sa'adu Abubakar, shown from the chest up, wearing white clothing|thumb|178x178px| [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmi]] [[Sa'adu Abubakar|Sa'adu Abubakar ya yi]] kira da a kawo karshen yajin aikin da gwamnatin Najeriya ta ci gaba da tattaunawa. ]] A ranar 10 ga Agusta, wakilan NARD sun gana don tattaunawa da membobin majalisar wakilai sama da awanni shida, kodayake ba tare da yarjejeniya ko yarjejeniya ba.<ref name=":102">{{Cite web|date=14 August 2021|title='Resolution efforts have failed' -- FG drags resident doctors to court over strike|url=https://www.thecable.ng/resolution-efforts-have-failed-fg-drags-resident-doctors-to-court-over-strike|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[TheCable]]|publisher=Cable Newspaper Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite web|last=Olafusi|first=Ebunoluwa|date=17 August 2021|title='A hungry doctor is dangerous' -- NARD appeals to Nigerians for understanding over strike|url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-hungry-doctor-is-dangerous-nard-appeals-to-nigerians-for-understanding-over-strike|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[TheCable]]|publisher=Cable Newspaper Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan wannan, a ranar 12 ga Agusta, Minista Ngige ya miƙa takaddar ga Kotun Masana’antu ta Ƙasa don yanke hukunci . <ref name=":10">{{Cite web}}</ref> Kusan lokaci guda, NMA tana barazanar shiga NARD a yajin aiki idan ba a biya kudaden da gwamnati tayi musu alkawari ba.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2021|title=Strike: FG takes resident doctors to Industrial Court, begs consultants not to join|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/strike-fg-takes-resident-doctors-to-industrial-court-begs-consultants-not-to-join/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825233444/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/strike-fg-takes-resident-doctors-to-industrial-court-begs-consultants-not-to-join/|archive-date=25 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da kari, ''jaridar Vanguard ta ba da'' rahoto jim kadan bayan haka cewa gwamnati na kokarin dakatar da masu ba da shawara daga shiga yajin aikin.<ref name=":93">{{Cite web|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=14 August 2021|title=FG moves to avert Consultant Doctors strike|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/fg-moves-to-avert-consultant-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Da yake sukar NARD, Ngige ya yi zargin cewa likitocin na kokarin "wasa da Allah" tare da yajin aikin. <ref name=":10" /> Daga baya Kotun Masana’antu ta Kasa ta sanya ranar sauraron karar don 15 ga Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 August 2021|title=Court Fixes Date To Hear Nigerian Government’s Suit Against Striking Doctors|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/16/court-fixes-date-hear-nigerian-government%E2%80%99s-suit-against-striking-doctors|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta, bayan kusan makwanni biyu na yajin aiki, Majalisar Koli ta Harkokin Addinin Musulunci ta Najeriya ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta bukaci likitoci da su daina yajin aikin sannan su koma tattaunawa da gwamnati, inda ta ce, "Ba tare da nuna bambanci ga sahihancin bukatun NARD ba. roƙon Ƙungiyar da, a cikin ruhin Hippocratic Oath wanda membobi ke yin rajista da la'akari da mummunan tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 da barkewar cutar kwalara a wasu sassan ƙasar, da dakatar da ayyukan masana'antu yayin da ake ci gaba da tattaunawa da gwamnati. ".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gbadamosi|first=Saliu|date=13 August 2021|title=NSCIA appeals to resident doctors to suspend ongoing strike|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/nscia-appeals-to-resident-doctors-to-suspend-ongoing-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005057/https://tribuneonlineng.com/nscia-appeals-to-resident-doctors-to-suspend-ongoing-strike/|archive-date=24 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|publisher=African Newspapers of Nigeria Ltd|language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ma Shugaban wannan kungiya, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] [[Sa'adu Abubakar]], ya bukaci gwamnatin Najeriya da ta koma kan teburin sasantawa.<ref name=":112">{{Cite web|last=Jannamike|first=Luminous|date=14 August 2021|title=Sultan begs resident doctors to shelve strike|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/sultan-begs-resident-doctors-to-shelve-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Wani shugaban addini a kasar, Archbishop na Abuja Ignatius Ayau Kaigama, shima yayi kira da a kawo karshen yajin aikin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chimtom|first=Ngala Killian|date=23 August 2021|title=Nigerian archbishop calls for end to doctors’ strike during pandemic|url=https://cruxnow.com/church-in-africa/2021/08/nigerian-archbishop-calls-for-end-to-doctors-strike-during-pandemic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823143455/https://cruxnow.com/church-in-africa/2021/08/nigerian-archbishop-calls-for-end-to-doctors-strike-during-pandemic/|archive-date=23 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Crux (online newspaper)|Crux]]|language=en}}</ref> Sai dai, a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, jaridar ''Vanguard'' ta ruwaito cewa "babu wani abin a zo a gani na tsaikon yajin aikin."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Obinna|first=Chioma|date=15 August 2021|title=DOCTORS' STRIKE: We are left with confrontation — Uyilawa, NARD President|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/doctors-strike-we-are-left-with-confrontation-uyilawa-nard-president/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, Kotun Masana’antu ta kasa ta yi watsi da bukatar neman NARD da ta daina yajin aikin da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta mika musu, inda alkalin ya ce ba zai bayar da irin wannan odar ba tare da jin ta bakin likitocin ba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adesomoju|first=Ade|date=19 August 2021|title=Court refuses to stop resident doctors’ strike|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/480135-court-refuses-to-stop-resident-doctors-strike.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Agusta, an ba da rahoton cewa Ƙungiyar Asibitoci da Masu Magungunan Magunguna na Najeriya (AHAPN) suna duba matakin masana'antu don ƙara ƙarin matsin lamba ga gwamnatin Najeriya don girmama yarjejeniyarsu da NARD.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sobechi|first=Leo|date=21 August 2021|title=Phamarcists may down tools over resident doctors’ strike|url=https://guardian.ng/news/phamarcists-may-down-tools-over-resident-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A wannan ranar, Ngige ya bayyana cewa Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta cimma yarjejeniya da NMA wanda zai ga sharuddan yarjejeniya tsakanin su zuwa 23 ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=21 August 2021|title=Doctors Strike: FG commences implementation of MOU with NMA on Monday|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/doctors-strike-fg-commences-implementation-of-mou-with-nma-on-monday/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan tattaunawar da aka fara ranar da ta gabata, 20 ga Agusta,<ref name=":142">{{Cite web|last=Adebulu|first=Taiwo|date=22 August 2021|title=Resident doctors reject MoU presented by FG to end strike|url=https://www.thecable.ng/resident-doctors-reject-mou-presented-by-fg-to-end-strike|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[TheCable]]|publisher=Cable Newspaper Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref> inda NMA ta kawo NARD kan teburin sasantawa bisa bukatar Shugaba Buhari.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Onyeji|first=Ebuka|date=21 August 2021|title=Doctors’ Strike: Nigerian government continues negotiations with NARD, others Saturday|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/480474-doctors-strike-after-friday-meeting-deadlocked-nigerian-government-resumes-negotiations-with-nard-others-saturday.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Tare da aiwatarwa, kafofin da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa NARD na iya kawo ƙarshen ko dakatar da yajin aikin.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2021|title=Doctors’ Strike: FG to commence implementation of MoU with NMA August 23|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/doctors-strike-fg-to-commence-implementation-of-mou-with-nma-august-23/|url-status=dead|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824002106/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/doctors-strike-fg-to-commence-implementation-of-mou-with-nma-august-23/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olayinka|first=Collins|date=22 August 2021|title=FG, resident doctors reach accord, may suspend strike tomorrow|url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-resident-doctors-reach-accord-may-suspend-strike-tomorrow/|url-status=dead|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824002106/https://guardian.ng/news/fg-resident-doctors-reach-accord-may-suspend-strike-tomorrow/}}</ref> Koyaya, saboda sashin da ba a bayyana ba,<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2021|title=Doctors Strike: NARD rejects new MoU with FG|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/doctors-strike-nard-rejects-new-mou-with-fg/|url-status=dead|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824000511/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/doctors-strike-nard-rejects-new-mou-with-fg/}}</ref> NARD ya ƙi sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da yajin aikin. <ref name=":14">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=23 August 2021|title=Strike: Why we refused to sign MoU — Doctors|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/strike-why-we-refused-to-sign-mou-doctors/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823063613/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/strike-why-we-refused-to-sign-mou-doctors/|archive-date=23 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Koyaya, a ranar 23 ga Agusta, Kotun Masana'antu ta ƙasa ta ba da umarnin NARD ta dakatar da yajin aikin da take yi nan take.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abuh-Adejoh|first=Glory|date=23 August 2021|title=Doctor’s strike: Court orders parties to suspend hostilities|url=https://www.herald.ng/doctors-strike-court-orders-parties-to-suspend-hostilities/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823144340/https://www.herald.ng/doctors-strike-court-orders-parties-to-suspend-hostilities/|archive-date=23 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|website=The Herald|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olabimtan|first=Bolanle|date=23 August 2021|title=Court orders resident doctors to suspend strike|url=https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823143720/https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike|archive-date=23 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[TheCable]]|publisher=Cable Newspaper Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Doctor’s strike: Court order parties to suspend hostilities, maintain status quo|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/doctors-strike-court-order-parties-to-suspend-hostilities-maintain-status-quo/|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Doctors’ Strike: Ngige hails Court ruling|url=http://nigerianobservernews.com/2021/08/doctors-strike-ngige-hails-court-ruling/|url-status=dead|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Nigerian Observer]]|language=en-US|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823233918/http://nigerianobservernews.com/2021/08/doctors-strike-ngige-hails-court-ruling/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Court orders resident doctors to suspend strike|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike/|url-status=dead|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823234249/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=BREAKING: Court Orders Nigerian Resident Doctors To Suspend Their 3-Week Strike|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/08/23/breaking-court-orders-nigerian-resident-doctors-suspend-their-3-week-strike|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Sahara Reporters]]|publisher=[[Omoyele Sowore]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nwagwu|first=Joan|date=23 August 2021|title=Ngige hails NICN ruling on doctors' strike|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/23/ngige-hails-nicn-ruling-on-doctors-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[P.M. News]]|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=23 August 2021|title=Court orders resident doctors to suspend strike|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/23/court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|publisher=Daily Post Media Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olowoporoku|first=Muhamin|date=23 August 2021|title=JUST IN: Court orders resident doctors to suspend strike|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/23/just-in-court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[P.M. News]]|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ezigbo|first=Onyebuchi|last2=Enumah|first2=Alex|date=23 August 2021|title=Court Orders FG, Striking Doctors to Sheathe Swords|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/08/23/court-orders-fg-striking-doctors-to-sheath-swords/|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[This Day]]|publisher=Leaders & Company|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olayinka|first=Collins|date=23 August 2021|title=Strike continues as resident doctors oppose ‘no work, no pay’ rule|url=https://guardian.ng/news/strike-continues-as-resident-doctors-oppose-no-work-no-pay-rule/|url-status=dead|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824002106/https://guardian.ng/news/strike-continues-as-resident-doctors-oppose-no-work-no-pay-rule/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=BREAKING: Court Orders Resident Doctors To Suspend Strike|url=https://independent.ng/breaking-court-orders-resident-doctors-to-suspend-strike/|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Independent Nigeria]]|publisher=Independent Newspapers Limited}}</ref>Sai dai alkalin kotun ya ki amincewa da bukatar gwamnatin Najeriya na kawo karshen yajin aikin gaba daya, a maimakon haka ya yi kira ga bangarorin da su "dakatar da duk wani nau'in tashin hankali tare da tabbatar da halin da ake ciki".<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Court refuses another request to stop resident doctors’ strike|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/480799-court-refuses-another-request-to-stop-resident-doctors-strike.html|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Agusta, an ba da rahoton cewa Kungiyar Shugabannin Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a Najeriya (FCHIN) ta tuhumi gwamnati da kungiyar kwadago don cimma yarjejeniya don kawo karshen yajin aikin. Jim kadan bayan haka, NMA ta sanar da aniyarsu ta yajin aiki cikin kwanaki 21 idan gwamnatin tarayya ba ta warware batutuwan da aka magance su a yarjejeniya da kungiyoyi daban -daban da ke da alaƙa da NMA ba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Muanya|first=Chukwuma|date=30 August 2021|title=NMA threatens to join doctors strike, gives FG 21-day ultimatum|url=https://guardian.ng/news/nma-threatens-to-join-doctors-strike-gives-fg-21-day-ultimatum/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830131928/https://guardian.ng/news/nma-threatens-to-join-doctors-strike-gives-fg-21-day-ultimatum/|archive-date=30 August 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2021|title=NARD strike: NMA gives FG 21 days to resolve issues with doctors|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/nard-strike-nma-gives-fg-21-days-to-resolve-issues-with-doctors/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901071434/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/nard-strike-nma-gives-fg-21-days-to-resolve-issues-with-doctors/|archive-date=1 September 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sulaimon|first=Nimot|date=29 August 2021|title=NMA gives FG 21-days to resolve issues around NARD strike - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/29/nma-gives-fg-21-days-to-resolve-issues-around-nard-strike/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901074441/https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/29/nma-gives-fg-21-days-to-resolve-issues-around-nard-strike/|archive-date=1 September 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[P.M. News]]|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adepegba|first=Adelani|last2=Ojerinde|first2=Dayo|last3=Tolu-Kolawole|first3=Deborah|date=30 August 2021|title=21-day notice: Strike dangerous now, FG begs doctors, NMA, ministry disagree|url=https://punchng.com/21-day-notice-strike-dangerous-now-fg-begs-doctors-nma-ministry-disagree/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901220522/https://punchng.com/21-day-notice-strike-dangerous-now-fg-begs-doctors-nma-ministry-disagree/|archive-date=1 September 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tolu-Kolawole|first=Deborah|date=31 August 2021|title=21-day notice: NMA blames FG, faults suit|url=https://punchng.com/21-day-notice-nma-blames-fg-faults-suit/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902051537/https://punchng.com/21-day-notice-nma-blames-fg-faults-suit/|archive-date=2 September 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref>Wannan ya zo daidai lokacin da mai magana da yawun NARD ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin tarayya ba ta biya ma’aikatan su watan Agusta ba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tolu-Kolawole|first=Deborah|date=1 September 2021|title=Striking doctors’ salaries withheld, says NARD|url=https://punchng.com/striking-doctors-salaries-withheld-says-nard/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901113234/https://punchng.com/striking-doctors-salaries-withheld-says-nard/|archive-date=1 September 2021|access-date=3 September 2021|website=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya. * Tasirin cutar COVID-19 akan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. * Illar cutar COVID-19 a asibitoci. * Jerin yajin aikin lafiya da na lafiya. * Yajin aiki yayin barkewar COVID-19. * Tashin hankali a Najeriya. == Bayanan kula ==  {{reflist|group=note}}   == Kara karantawa == ** {{Cite web|last=Onyeji|first=Ebuka|last2=Kanabe|first2=Medinat|date=19 August 2021|title=NARD Strike: Senior Nigerian doctors, others lament heavy workload as patients groan|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/479996-nard-strike-senior-nigerian-doctors-others-lament-heavy-workload-as-patients-groan.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[Premium Times]]|publisher=[[Dapo Olorunyomi]]|language=en-GB}} ** {{Cite web|last=Princewill|first=Nimi|date=27 August 2021|title=Nigerian doctors are on strike amid an exodus of talent, but abandoned patients fight for their lives|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/27/africa/nigeria-doctors-strike-indefinitely-intl-cmd/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828021258/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/27/africa/nigeria-doctors-strike-indefinitely-intl-cmd/index.html|archive-date=28 August 2021|access-date=28 August 2021|website=[[CNN]]}} == Manazarta == o66jd5j82ml1n9x3l9w2535ve0qhnw9 0 26291 551709 508655 2024-12-04T13:57:25Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Enfants avec porte tout à Kalfou.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kalfou Niger landscape.jpg|thumb|Kalfou]] '''Kalfou''' birni ne n al'ummar ƙasar [[Fayil:Posth-Canaris-a-mil-Kalfou.jpg|thumb|Kalfou]] [[Fayil:Embarcation dans une pirogue.jpg|thumb|Kalfou]] ni a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . {{Coord|14|52|N|5|32|E|region:NE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|14|52|N|5|32|E|region:NE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Nijar]] [[Category:Birni]] gh3r9sxdmkk6nm21nm8za1hzsce5pvh 0 26682 551779 533375 2024-12-04T15:37:57Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Khalid ibn al-Walid in Calligraphy.png|thumb|khalid bn walid]] [[Fayil:Khālid ibn al-Walīd, Sayr mulhimah min al-Sharq wa-al-Gharb.png|thumb|khalid bn al walid]] [[Fayil:Khalid ibn al-Walid Masjid an-Nabawi Calligraphy.svg|thumb|Khalid ibn al-Walid]] '''[[Khalid]] ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi''' (Larabci: خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي, romanized: ''Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīra al-Makhzūmī''; ya rasu 642) ya kasance kwamandan Musulmin [[Larabawa]] a cikin hidimar Annabin Musulunci [[Muhammad]] da halifofin Abubakar (r. 632-634) da Umar (r. 634-644) wadanda suka taka rawar gani a yakin Ridda da aka yi da kabilun ‘yan tawaye a Arabiya a shekarar alif632–633 da farkon nasarar da Musulmi suka yi na Iraqi Iraqi Sasanian. a shekarar 633-634 da Byzantine Syria a shekarar alif 634-638. Wani mai doki na dangin Makhzum na ƙabilar Kuraishawa, wanda ya yi hamayya da Muhammad, Khalid ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fatattakar Musulmai a [[yakin Uhudu]] a shekarar 625. Bayan musuluntarsa ​​a shekarar 627 ko shekarar 629, Muhammad ya mai da shi kwamanda, wanda ya bashi lakabin ''Sayf Allah'' (Takobin Allah). Khalid ya shirya ficewar sojojin musulmi lafiya lokacin balaguron balaguro zuwa Mu'ta a kan kawancen Larabawa na [[Rumawa]] a cikin shekarar 629 kuma ya jagoranci sojojin Badawiyya na sojojin Musulmi a lokacin [[Nasarar Makka|kwace Makka]] da [[yakin Hunayn]] a c. 630. Bayan rasuwar Muhammadu, an naɗa Khalid don murƙushe ko mamaye kabilun Larabawa a Najd da Yamama (duka yankuna biyu a tsakiyar Larabawa) waɗanda ke adawa da sabuwar ƙasar Musulmi, ta kayar da shugabannin 'yan tawaye Tulayha a [[Yaƙin Buzakha]] a shekara 632 da Musaylima a [[Yakin Yamama|Yakin Aqraba]] a shekarar 633. Daga baya Khalid ya yi gaba da manyan kabilun Larabawa na Kiristanci da garuruwan Farisa na Sasanian na kwarin Euphrates a Iraki. Abu Bakr ya sake tura shi ya jagoranci rundunar Musulmi a Siriya kuma ya jagoranci mutanensa zuwa can a wani tafiya da ba a saba yi ba a kan dogon hamadar Siriya mara ruwa, wanda ya inganta martabarsa a matsayin mai dabarun soji. Sakamakon nasarorin da aka samu a kan Rumawa a Ajnadayn (634), Fahl (634), Damascus (634-635) da Yarmouk (636), Musulmai a ƙarƙashin Khalid sun ci yawancin Siriya. Daga baya Umar ya sauke shi daga babban mukamin Umar saboda dalilai da dama da kafofin gargajiya na Musulunci da na zamani suka kawo. Khalid ya ci gaba da hidima a matsayin babban magajin magajinsa Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah a cikin sigogin Homs da Aleppo da Yakin Qinnasrin, duk a cikin shekarar 637-638, wanda gaba ɗaya ya haifar da koma baya daga Siriya na sojojin daular Byzantine a ƙarƙashin Sarki Heraclius. Umar ya kori Khalid daga kujerar gwamnan Qinnasrin daga baya kuma ya rasu a [[Madinah|Madina]] ko Homs a shekarar 642. Gabaɗaya masana tarihi suna ɗaukar Khalid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun janar -janar na Islama na farko kuma ana tunawa da shi a duk ƙasashen Larabawa har zuwa yau. Addinin Musulunci ya yaba wa Khalid don dabarun fagen fama da ingantaccen jagoranci na yaƙin musulmin farko, amma ya zarge shi da halaka ƙabilun Larabawa waɗanda suka karɓi Musulunci, wato membobin Banu Jadhima a lokacin rayuwar Muhammad da Malik ibn Nuwayra a lokacin yaƙin Ridda. , da kuma rashin da'a da na kasafin kuɗi a Siriya. Shahararsa ta soja ta tayar da hankalin wasu masu tsoron Allah, wadanda suka musulunta na farko, ciki har da Umar, wadanda ke fargabar hakan zai iya zama dabi'ar mutumci. == Asali da farkon aikin soja == Mahaifin Khalid shi ne al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, mai sasanta rigingimun cikin gida a Makka a Hejaz (yammacin Arabiya).{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=138}} Masana tarihi Ibn Hisham (d. 833), Ibn Habib (d. 859) da Ibn Durayd (d. 837) sun bayyana Al-Walid a matsayin "mai izgili" ga annabin musulunci Muhammad da aka ambata a cikin surorin Makka (surori) na Kur'ani.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=138}} Ya kasance daga cikin Banu Makhzum, babban dangin kabilar Quraishawa da makka kafin jahiliyyar Musulunci.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|pp=137–138}} Ana yaba Makhzum don gabatar da kasuwancin Makka zuwa kasuwannin waje,{{sfn|Lammens|1993|p=171}} musamman [[Yemen]] da Abisiniya (Habasha),{{sfn|Hinds|1991|pp=137–138}} kuma ya sami suna a tsakanin Kuraishawa saboda basirarsu, martabarsu da dukiyarsu.{{sfn|Lammens|1993|p=171}} Darajarsu ta kasance ta jagorancin kakan mahaifin Khalid al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah.{{sfn|Lammens|1993|p=171}} An san kawun mahaifin Khalid Hisham da "ubangijin makka" kuma Kuraishawa sun yi amfani da ranar mutuwarsa a matsayin farkon kalandar su.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=137}} Masanin tarihin Muhammad Abdulhayy Shaban ya bayyana Khalid a matsayin "mutum mai matsayi mai girma" a cikin danginsa da makka gaba ɗaya.{{sfn|Shaban|1971|pp=23–24}} Mahaifiyar Khalid ita ce al-Asma bint al-Harith ibn Hazn, wanda aka fi sani da Lubaba al-Sughra ("Lubaba Ƙarami", don bambanta ta da babban 'yar uwarta Lubaba al-Kubra) na kabilar Banu Hilal.{{sfn|Landau-Tasseron|1998|pp=202–203}} Lubaba al-Sughra ya musulunta game da c. 622 da ƙanwar mahaifiyarta Maymuna ta zama matar Muhammadu.{{sfn|Landau-Tasseron|1998|pp=202–203}} Ta hanyar dangin mahaifiyarsa Khalid ya zama sananne sosai game da salon rayuwar Badawiyya (Balarabe mai kiwo).{{sfn|Lecker|2004|p=694}} === Adawar farko ga Muhammadu === [[File:Mount_Uhud.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Uhud.JPG|thumb|Dutsen Uhudu (hoton 2009) inda Khalid da mahayan dawakansa suka fatattaki sojojin musulmi wanda annabin musulunci Muhammad ke jagoranta a 625]] Makhzum sun yi adawa da Muhammad sosai, kuma babban jagoran dangin Amr ibn Hisham (Abu Jahl), dan uwan ​​Khalid na farko, ya shirya kauracewa dangin Muhammad, [[Banu Hashim]] na Quraishawa, a c. 616–618.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=138}} Makhzum karkashin Abu Jahl ya ba da umarni a yaki annabin musulunci, wanda ya yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina a 622, har sai da aka fatattake su a yakin Badar a shekarar 624.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=138}} Kimanin ashirin da biyar daga cikin kakannin mahaifin Khalid, ciki har da Abu Jahl, da yawa an kashe wasu dangi a cikin wannan alkawari.{{sfn|Hinds|1991|p=138}} A shekara mai zuwa Khalid da dan uwansa Ikrima, dan Abu Jahl, bi da bi sun umarci gefen dama da na hagu na sojan doki a cikin sojojin Makka wanda ya fuskanci Muhammad a yakin Uhud a arewacin Madina.{{sfn|Robinson|2000|p=782}}{{sfn|Umari|1991|pp=53–54}} A cewar masanin tarihi Donald Routledge Hill, maimakon kaddamar da farmaki na gaba a kan layin Musulmai a kan gangaren Dutsen Uhudu, "Khalid ya yi amfani da dabarun sauti" na zagawa da dutsen da tsallake gefen Musulmi.{{sfn|Hill|1975|p=37}} Ya ci gaba ta rafin Wadi Qanat da ke yammacin Uhud har sai da maharba Musulmi suka duba shi a kudancin kwarin a Dutsen Ruma.{{sfn|Hill|1975|p=37}} Musulmai sun sami fa'idar farko a cikin yaƙin, amma bayan yawancin maharba na musulmi sun yi watsi da matsayinsu don shiga cikin farmakin sansanin 'yan Makka, Khaled ya tuhumci sakamakon fashewar da aka samu a lamuran tsaron musulmi na baya.{{sfn|Robinson|2000|p=782}}{{sfn|Hill|1975|p=37}} A cikin farmakin da ya biyo baya, an kashe Musulmai da dama.{{sfn|Robinson|2000|p=782}} Labarin yaƙin ya bayyana Khalid yana hawa cikin filin, yana kashe musulmai da mashinsa.{{sfn|Hill|1975|p=39}} Shaban ya yaba wa “hazikin soja” na Khalid don nasarar da Kuraishawa suka samu a Uhudu, wanda kawai ƙabilar ta ci Muhammadu.{{sfn|Shaban|1971|p=23}} A cikin 628 Muhammad da mabiyansa sun nufi Makka don yin umra (ƙaramin aikin hajji a Makka) kuma Quraishawa sun aika da mahayan dawakai 200 don su katse shi bayan jin labarin tafiyarsa.{{sfn|Watt|1971|p=539}} Khalid ya kasance a kan mahayan dawakan kuma Muhammad ya guji fuskantar sa ta hanyar ɗaukar wata hanyar da ba ta saba ba kuma mai wahala, a ƙarshe ya isa Hudaibiyya a gefen Makka.{{sfn|Umari|1991|pp=109–110}} Lokacin da ya fahimci canjin Muhammad na hanya, Khalid ya koma Makka.{{sfn|Umari|1991|p=110}} An cimma sulhu tsakanin Musulmi da Kuraishawa a cikin [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya]] a watan Maris.{{sfn|Watt|1971|p=539}} === Juyowa zuwa Musulunci da hidima a ƙarƙashin Muhammadu === A shekara ta 6 bayan hijira (kimanin 627) ko 8 bayan hijira (shekarar 629) Khalid ya musulunta a gaban Muhammadu tare da Quraishawa Amr bn al-As;{{sfn|Lecker|1989|p=27}} masanin tarihin zamani Michael Lecker yayi sharhi cewa asusun da Khalid da Amr suka tuba a 8 AH sun kasance "watakila sun fi amintattu".{{sfn|Lecker|1989|p=27, note 25}} Masanin tarihin Akram Diya Umari ya ce Khalid da Amr sun musulunta kuma sun koma Madina bayan yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya, a bayyane bayan Kuraishawa sun yi watsi da bukatar mika sabbin musulmai zuwa Makka.{{sfn|Umari|1991|p=121}} Bayan musuluntar sa, Khalid "ya fara sadaukar da duk manyan baiwarsa ta soji don tallafawa sabuwar ƙasar Musulmi", a cewar ɗan tarihi Hugh N. Kennedy.{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=76}} Khalid ya shiga cikin balaguron zuwa Mu'ta a cikin Jordan na zamani wanda Muhammad ya ba da umarni a watan Satumba na 629.{{sfn|Crone|1978|p=928}}{{sfn|Kaegi|1992|p=72}} Dalilin kai farmakin na iya kasancewa ya mallaki ganima ne sakamakon rugujewar sojojin Farisa daga Siriya bayan shan kashi da Daular Byzantine ta yi. a watan Yuli.{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=71}} Sojojin Rumawa da suka kunshi galibin kabilun Larabawa karkashin jagorancin kwamandan Byzantine Theodore kuma an kashe manyan kwamandojin Musulmai da dama.{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=71}}{{sfn|Kaegi|1992|pp=71–72}} Khalid ya dauki umurnin sojojin bayan mutuwar kwamandojin da aka nada kuma, tare da wahala, ya sa ido kan ficewar Musulmai cikin aminci.{{sfn|Umari|1991|p=144}}{{sfn|Kaegi|1992|p=72}}{{sfn|Zetterstéen|1965|p=235}} Muhammadu ya saka wa Khalid ta hanyar ba shi laƙabin girmamawa ''Sayf Allah'' (Takobin Allah).{{sfn|Zetterstéen|1965|p=235}} [[File:The_old_city_of_Adummatu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_old_city_of_Adummatu.jpg|left|thumb|Garin damisa na Dumat al-Jandal (hoton 2007). Khalid ya jagoranci balaguro kan birnin a cikin 630, kuma yana iya jagorantar wani balaguron a cikin 633 ko 634, kodayake masana tarihi na zamani sun jefa shakku game da kamfen na ƙarshe ko rawar Khalid a ciki.]] A watan Disambar 629/Janairu shrkarar 630 Khalid ya shiga cikin kame Muhammad da Makka, bayan haka mafi yawan Kuraishawa sun musulunta. A cikin wannan haɗin gwiwa Khalid ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makiyaya da ake kira muhajirat al-arab (masu hijira daga Bedouin). Ya jagoranci daya daga cikin manyan turawa guda biyu zuwa cikin birni kuma a yaƙin da ya biyo baya da Kuraishawa, an kashe mutum uku daga cikin mutanensa yayin da aka kashe Quraishawa goma sha biyu, a cewar masanin tarihin Muhammad Ibn Ishaq na ƙarni na 8.{{sfn|Umari|1991|p=158}} A [[Yakin Hunayn|yaƙin Hunayn]] daga baya a waccan shekarar, lokacin da Musulmai, sakamakon kwararar waɗanda Quraishawa suka tuba, suka ci nasara akan Thaqif-abokan hamayyar gargajiya na Quraishawa na Ta'if-da abokansu na Hawazin, Khalid ya umarci Badouin Banu Sulaym. cikin addinin Musulunci. Daga nan aka naɗa Khalid ya rusa gunkin al-Uzza, ɗaya daga cikin allahiya da ake bautawa a addinin Larabawa kafin Jahiliyya, a yankin Nakhla tsakanin Makka da Ta'if. Daga baya aka tura Khalid don gayyatar Banu Jadhima a cikin Yalamlam, kimanin kilomita 80 (50 mi) kudu da Makka, amma majiyar gargajiya ta Musulunci ta ce ya kai hari kan kabilar ba bisa ka’ida ba. A sigar Ibn Ishaq, Khalid ya lallashe 'yan kabilar Jadhima da su kwance damara da rungumar addinin Islama, wanda ya biyo baya ta hanyar kashe wasu kabilun don ɗaukar fansa kan kisan da Jadhima ta yi wa kawunsa Fakih ibn al-Mughira da ke soyayya tun kafin Khalid ya musulunta.{{sfn|Umari|1991|pp=172–173}} A cikin labarin Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 1449), Khalid bai fahimci yarda da ƙabilanci na imani a matsayin ƙin yarda ko ƙin musulinci ba saboda rashin sanin sautin Jadhima kuma sakamakon haka ya far musu.{{sfn|Umari|1991|p=172}} A cikin juyi biyu Muhammadu ya bayyana kansa ba shi da laifi daga aikin Khalid amma bai sallame shi ko hukunta shi ba.{{sfn|Umari|1991|pp=172–173}} A cewar masanin tarihi W. Montgomery Watt, asusun gargajiya game da abin da ya faru Jadhima "yana da ƙima fiye da ɓatancin Khālid, kuma yana ba da ƙaramin tabbataccen tarihin tarihi".{{sfn|Watt|1956|p=70}} Daga baya a shekara ta 630, yayin da Muhammad yake Tabuka, ya aika Khalid ya kama garin Dumat al-Jandal da ke kasuwar oasis. Khalid ya samu mika wuya ya kuma sanya hukunci mai tsanani a kan mazauna garin, daya daga cikin sarakunansa, Kindite Ukaydir bn Abd al-Malik al-Sakuni, Khalid ne ya umurce shi da ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar cin gashin kai da Muhammad a Madina.{{sfn|Vaglieri|1965|p=625}} A cikin watan Yuni 631 Muhammad ya aika Khalid shugaban mutane 480 don ya gayyaci kabilar Balharith gauraye Kirista da mushrikai na Najran su karbi Musulunci.{{sfn|Schleifer|1971|p=223}} Kabilar ta musulunta, Khalid ya koyar da su kur’ani da shari’o’in Musulunci kafin ya koma Madina tare da tawagar Balharith.{{sfn|Schleifer|1971|p=223}} == Kwamanda a yakin Ridda == [[File:Mohammad_adil_rais-conquest_of_Arabia.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammad_adil_rais-conquest_of_Arabia.PNG|alt=Map detailing the route of Khalid ibn al-Walid's military campaigns in central Arabia.|thumb|Taswirar da ke bayani kan yadda Khalid ya murkushe kabilun Larabawa a tsakiyar Larabawa a lokacin yakin Ridda]] Bayan mutuwar Muhammadu a cikin watan Yuni 632, yawancin kabilun Larabawa, in ban da waɗanda ke kewayen Madina, sun daina mubaya'a ga ƙasar Musulmi ta asali ko kuma ba su kulla wata alaƙa da Madina ba. Abokin Muhammad na farko kuma na kud da kud, Abubakar, ya zama shugaban al'ummar musulmi, ya kuma tura mafi yawan sojojin musulmi karkashin Usama bn Zaid a yaki da kasar Sham ta Rumawa, duk da barazanar da kabilun makiyaya suka yi wa garuruwan musulmi na Hijaz da suka yi watsi da ikon musulmi. . Abubakar ya hada runduna ya fatattaki gungun kabilar Ghatafan a Dhu al-Qassa a cikin Hijaz. Bayan da aka yi watsi da barazanar da aka yi wa Madina, Abubakar ya aika Khalid ya yaqi qabilun ‘yan tawaye a Najd (tsakiyar yankin Larabawa). Daga cikin manyan yankunan Larabawa guda shida da aka yi fama da shi a lokacin yakin Ridda (yakukuwan da suka yi ridda da ‘yan ridda), biyu sun kasance a birnin Najd: tawaye na kabilar Asad, Tayy da Ghatafan karkashin Tulayha da tawayen kabilar Tamim karkashin jagorancin. Saja; shugabannin biyu sun yi iƙirarin su annabawa ne. Lecker ya ce an tura Khalid ne kafin dawowar sojojin Usama, yayin da Watt ya ce an aika Khalid ne a shugaban wata babbar runduna bayan dawowar Usama. Khalid shi ne mutum na uku da Abubakar ya nada domin ya jagoranci yakin bayan zabinsa guda biyu na farko, Kuraishawa Zaid bn al-Khattab da Abu Huzaifa bn Utba, suka ki amincewa da wannan aiki. Sojojinsa sun kunshi farkon wadanda suka musulunta, wato Muhajirun (masu hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina) da Ansar ('yan asalin Madina).{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=44}} A duk tsawon yakin, Khalid ya nuna 'yancin kai na aiki kuma bai bi ka'idojin halifa sosai ba. A cikin maganar Shaban, "kawai ya yi nasara a kan duk wanda yake can a ci shi".{{sfn|Shaban|1971|p=24}} === Yakin Buzakha === Tun farko Khalid ya mayar da hankali ne a kan danne Tulayha.{{sfn|Watt|1960|p=110}} A shekara ta 632 Khalid ya fafata da dakarun Tulayha a yakin Buzakha, inda Tayyi ya koma musulmi a farkon yakin.{{sfn|Bosworth|1960|p=1358}} Yayin da Tulayha ya bayyana a dab da fatattakar bangaren Banu Fazara na Ghatafan karkashin shugabansu Uyayna ibn Hisn ya fice daga filin, wanda ya tilasta wa Tulayha ya gudu zuwa Sham.{{sfn|Bosworth|1960|p=1358}} Daga baya kabilarsa Asad ta mika wuya ga Khalid, sai kuma Banu Amir mai tsaka-tsaki har ya zuwa yanzu, wanda ya kasance yana jiran sakamakon rikicin kafin ya ba da mubaya'arsa ga kowane bangare.{{sfn|Bosworth|1960|p=1358}} === Kisan Malik bn Nuwayra === Bayan Buzakha, Khalid ya ci gaba da fafatawa da shugaban ‘yan tawayen Tamimi Malik ibn Nuwayra wanda ke da hedikwata a al-Bitah, a yankin Qassim na yau. Muhammadu mai karbar sadaka (haraji) ne ya nada Malik a kan danginsa ta Tamim, Banu Yarbu, amma ya daina tura wannan harajin zuwa Madina bayan rasuwar Muhammadu. Don haka Abubakar ya yanke shawarar a kashe shi a hannun Khalid.{{sfn|Landau-Tasseron|1991|p=267}} Na baya-bayan nan ya fuskanci rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin rundunarsa dangane da wannan yakin, inda tun farko Ansar suka tsaya a baya, inda suka yi nuni da umarnin Abubakar da kada su kara yin kamfen har sai sun samu umarni kai tsaye daga halifa. Khalid ya yi da’awar cewa irin wannan umarni nasa ne a matsayinsa na kwamandan da halifa ya nada, amma bai tilastawa Ansar shiga ba, ya ci gaba da tafiya tare da dakaru daga Muhajirun da Badawiyya suka fice daga Buzakha da sakamakonsa; A karshe Ansar suka koma Khalid bayan sun gama tattaunawa cikin gida.{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=45}} Bisa labarin da aka fi sani a majiyoyin gargajiya na musulmi, sojojin Khalid sun ci karo da Malik da goma sha daya daga cikin danginsa na Yarbu a shekara ta 632. Yarbu ba su yi turjiya ba, suka shelanta addininsu na musulinci aka raka su zuwa sansanin Khalid. Khalid ya sa aka kashe su gaba dayansu saboda rashin amincewar wani dan Ansaru, wanda ya kasance cikin masu garkuwa da ‘yan kabilar, kuma ya yi hujjar cewa fursunoni ba za su taba cin karo da su ba saboda wasiyyarsu ta musulmi. Bayan haka Khalid ya auri matar Malik Ummu Tamim bint al-Minhal. Da labarin abin da Khalid ya yi ya isa Madina, babban hadimin Abubakar Umar bn Khattab ya matsa lamba kan a hukunta Khalid ko a sauke shi daga mukaminsa, amma Abubakar ya gafarta masa. Kamar yadda wani masanin tarihi Sayf bn Umar na karni na 8 ya ce, Malik ma ya kasance yana ba da hadin kai da Sajah, 'yar gidansa 'yar 'Yarbu, kuma musulmi sun ci karo da karamar jam'iyyarsa bayan da 'yan kabilar Tamim suka fatattake su. Masanin tarihin zamani Wilferd Madelung ya yi rangwame ga sigar Sayf, yana mai cewa Umar da sauran musulmi ba za su nuna rashin amincewarsu da kisan da Khalid ya yi wa Malik ba da a ce wannan ya bar Musulunci, yayin da Watt ya dauki bayanan da suka shafi Tamim a lokacin Ridda gaba daya a matsayin “batsa ... saboda makiyan khalid b. al-Walid sun karkatar da labaran su bata masa baki”. A ra’ayin ’yar tarihi mai suna Ella Landau-Tasseron, “gaskiya da ke tattare da aiki da mutuwar Malik za ta kasance a binne a ƙarƙashin tarin al’adu masu karo da juna. === Kawar da Musaylima da cin Yamama === [[File:Yamama_english.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yamama_english.jpg|thumb|Taswirar yankin Yamama na Arabiya mai inuwa da ja. Khalid dan kabilar Banu Hanifa karkashin jagorancin Musaylima ne ya mamaye yankin]] Bayan da aka samu koma baya a rikicinta da kungiyoyin Tamim masu gaba da juna, Sajah ta bi sahun babban mai adawa da musulmi: Musaylima, shugaban kabilar Banu Hanifa mai zaman kansa a Yamama, yankin gabas na noma na Najd. Musaylima ya yi da'awar annabci tun kafin hijirar Muhammadu daga Makka, kuma roƙon da ya yi wa Muhammadu ya yarda da junansa Muhammadu bai yi watsi da shi ba. Bayan Muhammadu ya rasu, goyon bayan Musaylima ya karu a Yamama,{{sfn|Kister|2002|pp=22–23}} wanda kimar dabararsa ba wai kawai da yawan gonakin alkama da dabino ba, har ma da wurin da yake hade da Madina zuwa yankunan Bahray da Oman a gabashin Arabiya.{{sfn|Kister|2002|pp=7–9, 28–29}} Abubakar ya aike Shurahbil bn Hasana da Ikrima dan Khalid dan uwan ​​Khalid da wata runduna don karfafawa gwamnan musulmi a Yamama, dan kabilar Musaylima Thumama ibn Uthal.{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=23}} A cewar masanin tarihin zamani Meir Jacob Kister, mai yiyuwa ne barazanar da wannan runduna ta sanya Musaylima ya kulla kawance da Sajah.{{sfn|Kister|2002|pp=23–25}} Sojojin Musaylima sun fatattaki Ikrima sannan Abubakar ya umurce shi da ya murkushe tawaye a Oman da Mahra (a tsakiyar kudancin Larabawa) yayin da Shurahbil zai ci gaba da zama a Yamama yana jiran babbar rundunar Khalid.{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=29}} Bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Badawiyyan Najd, Khalid ya nufi Yamama tare da gargadin bajintar da Hanifa ke da shi na soja da kuma umarnin Abubakar da ya yi mugun nufi ga kabilar idan ya yi nasara. Masanin tarihi na tsakiyar zamanin Ibn Hubaysh al-Asadi ya riki cewa sojojin Khalid da Musaylima sun kai 4,500 da 4,000, inda Kister ya yi watsi da alkaluman da suka fi girma da mafi yawan majiyoyin gargajiya suka ambata a matsayin wuce gona da iri.{{sfn|Kister|2002|pp=46–47}} Hare-hare uku na farko da Khalid ya yi wa Musaylima a Aqraba an buge su. Karfin mayaka Musaylima, da fifikon takubbansu, da kuma gazawar rundunonin Badawiyya a cikin sahun Khalid, duk dalilai ne da musulmi suka yi nuni da su kan gazawarsu na farko. Ansarite Thabit bn Qays ya ba da shawarar a ware Badawiyyawa daga yakin, Khalid ya tafi.{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=47}} A farmaki na hudu akan Hanifa, Muhajirun karkashin Khalid da Ansar karkashin Thabit sun kashe wani Laftanar Musaylima, wanda daga baya ya gudu da wani bangare na sojojinsa. Musulman suka bi Hanifa zuwa wani katon lambu da Musaylima ya ke yi na gaba da musulmi. Musulman ne suka mamaye unguwar, aka kashe Musaylima, aka kashe ko aka raunata akasarin Hanifiwa.{{sfn|Kister|2002|p=47}} Wurin ya zama sananne da 'gonar mutuwa' saboda yawan asarar da bangarorin biyu suka yi. Tun farkon yakin Khalid ya sanya wani Banifiye da aka kama Mujja’a bn al-Murara, domin ya tantance irin karfi, da’a da kuma manufar Hanifa a cikin kagararsu Yamama bayan kashe Musaylima. Mujja’a ya sa mata da ‘ya’yan kabilar su suturta su kuma su fito a matsayin maza a budodin katangar a cikin wata dabara don kara musu karfin gwiwa tare da Khalid; Ya gaya ma Khalid cewa har yanzu Hanifa na kirga mayaka masu yawa da suka kuduri aniyar ci gaba da yakar musulmi. Wannan tantancewar tare da gajiyar da sojojinsa suka yi, ya tilasta wa Khalid amincewa da shawarar da Mujja’a ya bayar na tsagaita wuta da Hanifa, duk kuwa da umurnin da Abubakar ya bayar na ci gaba da ja da baya da kuma kashe fursunonin Hanafiwa. Sharuɗɗan Khalid da Hanifa sun haɗa da musuluntar ƙabilar da kuma miƙa makamansu da makamansu da tarin zinare da azurfa. Abu Bakr ya amince da yarjejeniyar, ko da yake ya kasance mai adawa da rangwamen Khalid kuma ya yi gargadin cewa Hanifa za ta kasance da aminci ga Musaylima. Yarjejeniyar ta kara tsarkakewa da auren Khalid da ‘yar Mujja’a. A cewar Lecker, dabarar Mujja’a ta yiwu al’adar Musulunci ce ta kirkiro “domin kare manufofin Khalid saboda yarjejeniyar da aka kulla... ta jawo wa musulmi babbar asara”. An bai wa Khalid gonakin noma da gonaki a kowane kauye da aka sanya a cikin yarjejeniyar da Hanifa, yayin da kauyukan da aka kebe daga yarjejeniyar suna fuskantar hukuncin ladabtarwa. Daga cikin wadannan kauyuka har da garin Musaylima al-Haddar da Mar'at, wadanda aka kori ko bautar da mazaunansu tare da 'yan kabilar Tamim. Majiyoyin al'ada sun sanya ƙarshen murkushe ƙabilun Larabawa na yaƙe-yaƙe na Ridda kafin Maris 633, kodayake masanin tarihin Yamma Leone Caetani ya dage cewa yaƙin ya ci gaba har zuwa 634. Ƙoƙarin yakin musulmi, wanda Khalid ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, ya tabbatar da ikon Madina. a kan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙabilun Larabawa, waɗanda suka nemi tauye ikon Musulunci a yankin, da maido da martabar daular musulmi. A cewar Lecker, Khalid da sauran janar-janar Kuraishawa “sun sami gogewa mai tamani [a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Ridda] wajen tara runduna masu yawa na kabilanci a nesa mai nisa” kuma “sun amfana daga makusantan Kuraishawa [sic] da siyasar ƙabilanci a duk ƙasar Larabawa.{{sfn|Lecker|2004|p=694}} == Kamfe a Iraki == [[File:Mohammad_adil-Khalid's_conquest_of_Iraq.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammad_adil-Khalid's_conquest_of_Iraq.PNG|alt=|thumb|Taswirar da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da yakin Khalid a Iraki (ƙananan Mesopotamiya), bisa ga jigon al'adar Musulunci.]] Tare da Yamama sulhu, Khalid ya yi tafiya zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Sasaniya a Iraki (ƙananan Mesopotamiya). Watakila mafi yawan Muhajirun sun janye zuwa Madina kafin Khalid ya fara yakin neman zabensa, don haka ya sake tsara rundunarsa. A cewar masanin tarihi Khalil Athamina, ragowar sojojinsa sun kunshi Larabawa makiyaya daga kewayen Madina wadanda aka nada shugabanninsu domin maye gurbin mukaman kwamandan da sahabbai (sahabban Muhammad) suka bari. Masanin tarihi Fred Donner yana ganin cewa har yanzu Muhajirun da Ansar sun kasance jigon rundunarsa, tare da ɗimbin kaso na Larabawa makiyaya mai yiwuwa daga kabilun Muzayna, Tayy, Tamim, Asad da Ghatafan. Kwamandojin rundunonin da Khalid ya nada su ne Adi ibn Hatim na Tayyi da Asim bn Amr na Tamim. Ya isa yankin kudancin Iraqi tare da mayaka kimanin 1,000 a karshen bazara ko farkon lokacin rani na 633. == Tafiya zuwa Siriya == [[File:Mohammad_adil-Khalid's(r.a)_route_to_Syria.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammad_adil-Khalid's(r.a)_route_to_Syria.PNG|alt=Geographical Map detailing the route of Khalid ibn al-Walid's invasion of Syria|thumb|250x250px|Taswirar da ke nuna ɗaya daga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen tafiyar da Khalid ya yi zuwa Siriya daga Iraki]] Dukkan labaran Musulunci na farko sun yi ittifaqi a kan cewa Abubakar ya umurci Khalid da ya bar Iraki zuwa Sham don tallafa wa sojojin musulmi da suka rigaya a can. Yawancin wadannan bayanai sun tabbatar da cewa umurnin halifan ya samo asali ne daga bukatar karfafawa da kwamandojin musulmin kasar Sham suka yi. Wataƙila Khalid ya fara tattaki zuwa Siriya a farkon Afrilu 634. Ya bar ƙananan sojojin musulmi a cikin garuruwan Iraki da aka ci yaƙi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin al-Muthanna ibn Haritha gabaɗaya. Jadawalin abubuwan da suka faru bayan ayyukan Khalid a Ayn al-Tamr ba su da daidaito da rudani. A cewar Donner, Khalid ya ci gaba da gudanar da wasu muhimman ayyuka guda biyu kafin ya fara tattakinsa zuwa Syria, wanda sau da yawa majiyoyi sun rude da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin tattakin. Daya daga cikin hare-haren da aka kai shi ne kan Dumat al-Jandal da kuma kan kabilar Namir da Taghlib da ke yammacin gabar kogin Euphrates na sama har zuwa yankin Balikh da tsaunukan Jabal al-Bishri a arewa maso gabashin Palmyra. Ba a dai san ko wanne alkawari ya fara faruwa ba, ko da yake dukkansu yunƙurin musulmi ne na kawo mafi yawan ƙabilun Larabawa makiyaya na arewacin Larabawa da Siriyawa a ƙarƙashin ikon Madina. A yakin Dumat al-Jandal, Abubakar ya umurci Khalid ko kuma ya bukace shi daga daya daga cikin kwamandojin yakin, al-Walid ibn Uqba, da ya karfafa wa babban kwamandan Iyad bn Ghanm kawanya a garin oasis. Magoya bayanta sun samu goyon bayan abokansu na makiyaya daga kabilar Rumawa da suka hada da Ghassanid, Tanukhids, Salihids, Bahra da Banu Kalb. Khalid ya bar Ayn al-Tamr zuwa Dumat al-Jandal inda dakarun musulmi suka fatattaki masu kare a fafatawar. Bayan haka, Khalid ya kashe shugaban Kindite na garin, Ukaydir, wanda ya fice daga Madina bayan rasuwar Muhammad, yayin da sarkin Kalbite Wadi’a ya tsira bayan ceton abokansa Taimiyya a sansanin musulmi. Masana tarihi Michael Jan de Goeje da Caetani sun yi watsi da gaba ɗaya cewa Khalid ya jagoranci balaguro zuwa Dumat al-Jandal bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe na Iraqi kuma birnin da aka ambata a cikin al'adun gargajiya na iya zama garin da sunan wannan garin kusa da al-Hira. Masanin tarihi Laura Veccia Vaglieri ya kira tantancewarsu da "ma'ana" kuma ta rubuta cewa "da alama ba zai yiwu ba cewa Khālid zai iya yin irin wannan karkatar da zai kai shi nesa ba kusa ba yayin da yake jinkirin cimma manufarsa [don shiga cikin sojojin musulmi. a Siriya." Vaglieri yayi hasashen cewa Iyad bn Ghanm ko kuma Amr bn al-As ne ya mamaye yankin kamar yadda a baya aka dora wa na baya baya a yakin Ridda da murkushe Wadi'a, wanda ya tare kansa a Dumat al-Jandal. Crone, ya yi watsi da rawar da Khalid ya taka a Iraki gaba daya, ya tabbatar da cewa Khalid ya kame Dumat al-Jandal a yakin 631 kuma daga nan ya tsallaka hamada don shiga yakin Sham. Hanyar tafiya da tafiya hamada Taswirar da ke nuna jerin gwano guda uku na tattakin Khalid zuwa Siriya daga Iraki a wajajen Afrilu 634, kamar yadda masanin tarihi Fred Donner ya taƙaita. Yankin 'taron hamada' na hanyoyin tafiya ana nuna shi da ja. Mafarin tattakin gama gari na Khalid zuwa Sham shi ne al-Hira, bisa ga mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, ban da al-Baladhuri, wanda ya sanya shi a Ayn al-Tamr. Bangaren tattakin gama gari da ake kira 'tattakin hamada' ta majiyoyin sun faru ne a wani mataki da ba a sani ba bayan tashin al-Hira. Wannan zangon ya sa Khalid da mutanensa - masu karfi tsakanin 500 zuwa 800 - suna tafiya daga wata rijiya da ake kira Quraqir suka haye wani babban jeji mara ruwa na tsawon kwanaki shida da dare biyar har suka isa wurin ruwa a wani wuri da ake kira Suwa. Da yake mutanensa ba su da isassun fatun ruwa da za su bi ta wannan nisa da dawakansu da rakumansu, Khalid ya sa wasu raƙumansa ashirin su ka ƙara yawan shan ruwansu na yau da kullun, ya rufe bakunansu don hana raƙuman ci da kuma lalata ruwan da ke cikinsu; kowace ranar tafiya sai ya sa aka yanka rakuma da dama domin mutanensa su sha ruwan da aka ajiye a cikin rakuman. Amfani da rakuma a matsayin ajiyar ruwa da kuma gano magudanar ruwa a Suwa ya samo asali ne sakamakon nasihar da jagoransa Rafi ibn Amr na Tayyi ya yi wa Khalid. Ban da ayyukan da aka ambata a sama a Dumat al-Jandal da kogin Furat, lissafin gargajiya sun yi ittifaqi kan al'amura guda biyu ne kawai na hanyar Khalid zuwa Sham bayan tashin al-Hira: tattakin hamada tsakanin Quraqir da Suwa, da wani farmaki na baya-bayan nan. a kan kabilar Bahra a Suwa ko kusa da su da ayyukan da suka haifar da mika wuya ga Palmyra; in ba haka ba, sai suka rabu wajen bin hanyar Khalid. Dangane da waɗannan asusun, Donner ya taƙaita hanyoyi uku masu yiwuwa Khalid ya bi zuwa kusa da Damascus: biyu ta Palmyra daga arewa da kuma ta Dumat al-Jandal daga kudu. Kennedy ya lura cewa majiyoyin suna "tabbas daidai" a cikin shawarwarin hanyoyin tafiyarsu kuma babu "kawai babu sanin wane nau'i ne daidai". A cikin shirin tafiya na farko na Palmyra–Damascus, Khalid ya hau kan kogin Furat—ya bi ta wuraren da ya rage a baya—zuwa Jabal al-Bishri daga nan kuma ya wuce kudu maso yamma ta Palmyra, al-Qaryatayn da Huwwarin kafin ya isa yankin Damascus. A cikin wannan tafarki kawai tazarar da za a iya yin tattakin hamada shine tsakanin Jabal al-Bishri da Palmyra, ko da yake yankin da ke tsakanin wuraren biyu bai wuce tafiyar kwanaki shida ba kuma ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da dama. Hanyar Palmyra–Damascus hanya ce ta biyu kai tsaye tsakanin al-Hira da Palmyra ta Ayn al-Tamr. Tsakanin hamadar da ke tsakanin Ayn al-Tamr da Palmyra ya kai tsayin daka don tabbatar da tattakin na kwanaki shida kuma yana dauke da karancin ruwa, duk da cewa babu sunayen wuri da za a iya fassara shi da Qurakir ko Suwa. A cikin hanyar Dumat al-Jandal–Damascus, ana samun irin waɗannan sunayen, wato wuraren Qulban Qurajir, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da 'Qurakir', kusa da gefen gabas na Wadi Sirhan, da Sab Biyar, wanda aka gano da Suwa kilomita 150 (93 mi). gabas da Damascus. Tazarar da ke tsakanin rukunin yanar gizon biyu mai bushewa ne kuma yayi daidai da labarin tafiyar kwanaki shida. Tattakin Hamada shi ne abin da ya fi karramawa na balaguron Khalid da kuma adabin Futuh na zamanin da ('Yakin Musulunci) gaba daya. Kennedy ya rubuta cewa tattakin hamada "ya kasance cikin tarihi da almara. Majiyoyin Larabawa sun yi mamakin juriyarsa [Khalid]; malaman zamani sun gan shi a matsayin gwanin dabara." Ya kara da cewa "tabbas" Khalid ya hau wannan tattaki, "wani abin tunawa da juriya na soji", kuma "shigonsa Siriya wani muhimmin sinadari ne na nasarar makamai na musulmi a can". Masanin tarihi Moshe Gil ya kira tattakin da cewa "wani abin da ba shi da kamanceceniya" da kuma shaida "Halayen Khalid a matsayin fitaccen kwamanda". Masanin tarihi Ryan J. Lynch yana ganin tattakin hamadar Khalid wani adabi ne da marubutan al’adun Musulunci suka gina don samar da labarin da ya danganta mamayar musulmi a Iraki da Sham da kuma gabatar da mamayar a matsayin “al’amari ne mai kirgumi, wanda bai dace ba” a layi daya. tare da zargin da ake zargin marubutan. Lynch ya ci gaba da cewa, labarin tattakin, wanda "da zai kayatar da nishadantarwa" masu sauraren musulmi, an kirkiresu ne daga "gutsi na tunawa da zaman jama'a" da mazauna suka danganta mamaye garuruwansu ko yankunansu ga Khalid a matsayin hanyar "don samun kudin shiga." wani mataki na daraja ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa" tare da "sanannen janar". '''Yakin Siriya''' Yawancin asusun gargajiya na da sojojin musulmi na farko da aka tura zuwa Siriya daga Madina a farkon shekara ta 13 bayan hijira (farkon bazara 634). Kwamandojin rundunan musulmi su ne Amr bn al-As da Yazid bn Abi Sufyan da Shurahbil bn Hasana da Abu Ubayda bn al-Jarrah, duk da cewa na karshe bai kai kasar Sham ba sai bayan da Umar ya gaji halifanci a lokacin rani na shekara ta 634. , bayan rasuwar Abubakar. A cewar Donner, majiyoyin gargajiya na tuntuɓar sojojin Musulmi na farko zuwa Siriya ya kasance a baya bayan watanni da yawa. Mai yiwuwa ya faru ne a cikin kaka na 633, wanda ya fi dacewa da littafin tarihin Syriac na 724 wanda ba a san sunansa ba, wanda ya nuna tarihin yaƙin farko tsakanin sojojin musulmi da Rumawa zuwa Fabrairu 634. A lokacin Khalid ya bar Iraki, sojojin musulmi a Siriya. Tuni dai ya yi artabu da wasu sansanoni na Byzantine, ya kuma mamaye yankunan kudancin Syria, amma bai mallaki wata cibiyar birane ba. An nada Khalid babban kwamandan sojojin musulmi a Sham. Al-Baladhuri, al-Tabari, Ibn A'tham, al-Fasawi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 987) da Ibn Hubaysh al-Asadi sun ruwaito cewa, Abubakar ya nada Khalid babban kwamanda a matsayin wani bangare na sake tura shi daga Iraki zuwa Sham, inda ya bayar da misali da cewa; hazakar soja na janar da rikodi. Wani labari guda a cikin al-Baladhuri a maimakon haka ya danganta nadin Khalid da ijma'i tsakanin kwamandojin da suka rigaya a Siriya, ko da yake Athamina ya ce "ba shi yiwuwa mutum kamar (Amr bn al-As) ya amince" da irin wannan shawarar da son rai. Bayan hawansa, Umar zai iya tabbatar da Khalid a matsayin babban kwamanda. Khalid ya isa yankin karkarar Marj Rahit da ke arewacin Damascus bayan da sojojinsa suka yi tattaki zuwa hamada. Ya isa ranar Ista na waccan shekarar, watau 24 ga Afrilu 634, kwanan wata da ba kasafai aka ambata ba daga mafi yawan kafofin gargajiya, wanda Donner ke ganin zai yi daidai. A can, Khalid ya kai hari ga gungun Ghassanid da ke bikin Ista kafin shi ko wasu kwamandojinsa su kai hari a sansanin noman Ghouta da ke kusa da Damascus. Bayan haka, Khalid da kwamandojin sojojin musulmi na farko, ban da Amr, suka taru a Bosra kudu maso gabashin Dimashku. Cibiyar kasuwanci ta Bosra, tare da yankin Hauran da take a cikinta, a tarihi ta bai wa kabilun Larabawa makiyaya alkama da mai da ruwan inabi kuma Muhammadu ya ziyarce shi a lokacin kuruciyarsa. Ƙila Rumawa ba su sake kafa wani sansanin daular sarauta a cikin birnin ba bayan janyewar Sasaniya a shekara ta 628 kuma sojojin musulmi sun fuskanci turjiya a lokacin da suke kewaye. Bosra ya mamaye a karshen watan Mayu 634, wanda ya zama babban birni na farko a Siriya da ya fada hannun musulmi. Khalid da kwamandojin musulmi sun nufi yamma zuwa Falasdinu domin shiga cikin Amr a matsayin dakarun na baya a yakin Ajnadayn, babban karo na farko da sojojin Rumawa, a watan Yuli. Yaƙin ya ƙare da gagarumin nasara ga musulmi kuma Rumawa suka koma Pella ('Fahl' a Larabci), babban birni a gabashin kogin Jordan. Musulmai sun bi su kuma suka sake samun wata babbar nasara a yakin Fahl, ko da yake babu tabbas ko Amr ko Khalid ne ke da cikakken iko a cikin wannan alkawari. === Siege na Damascus === [[File:Muslim-Byzantine_troop_movement_(635-636).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muslim-Byzantine_troop_movement_(635-636).svg|alt=Muslim and Byzantine troop movements before the battle of Yarmouk|thumb|Ƙungiyoyin musulmi da na Rumawa a Siriya kafin yakin Yarmouk a shekara ta 636.]] Ragowar sojojin Rumawa daga Ajnadayn da Fahl sun koma arewa zuwa Damascus, inda kwamandojin Rumawa suka yi kira da a karfafa masarautu. Khalid ya ci gaba, watakila yana ba da rukunin Rumawa a filin Marj al-Suffar kafin ya kewaye birnin. An tuhumi kowanne daga cikin kwamandojin musulmi biyar da tare daya daga cikin kofofin birnin; Khalid ya tsaya a Bab Sharqi (Kofar Gabas). Tawaga ta shida da aka ajiye a Barzeh nan da nan a arewacin Damascus sun kori sojojin agaji da Sarkin Rumawa Heraclius (r. 575-641) ya aike. Hadisai da dama sun danganta yadda musulmi suka kama Damascus. Labarin da ya fi shahara shi ne Ibn Asakir na Damascus (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1175), wanda Khalid da mutanensa suka keta kofar Bab Sharqi. Khalid da mutanensa sun haura katangar gabas na birnin suka kashe masu gadi da sauran masu kare a Bab Sharqi. Yayin da dakarunsa suka shiga daga gabas, dakarun musulmi karkashin jagorancin Abu Ubayda sun shiga cikin lumana daga kofar Bab al-Jabiya ta yammacin kasar bayan tattaunawa da manyan jami'an Damascene karkashin jagorancin Mansur ibn Sarjun, wani babban jami'in birnin. Dakarun musulmi sun hadu a tsakiyar birnin inda aka amince da ka'idoji. A daya bangaren kuma, al-Baladhuri yana cewa Khalid ya shiga cikin aminci daga Bab Sharqi yayin da Abu Ubayda ya shigo daga yamma da karfi. Bincike na zamani ya yi tambaya kan isowar Abu Ubayda Sham a lokacin da aka yi wa kawanya. Caetani ya jefa shakku game da hadisai da aka ambata, yayin da dan Gabas Henri Lammens ya maye Abu Ubayda da Yazid bn Abi Sufyan. A cikin juzu'i na marubucin Siriyak Dionysius na Tel Mahre (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 845) da kuma sarki Eutychius na Alexandria (d. 940), Damascenes da Mansur ke jagoranta, bayan sun gaji da kewaye kuma sun gamsu da ƙudurin maƙiyan, suka matso. Khalid a Bab Sharqi tare da tayin bude kofa domin samun tabbacin tsaro. Khalid ya karba kuma ya ba da umarnin rubuta yarjejeniyar yin magana. Ko da yake an rubuta nau'o'in yarjejeniyar Khalid da yawa a farkon Musulmi da Kiristanci, gabaɗaya sun yarda cewa a kiyaye rayukan mazaunan, dukiyoyinsu da majami'u, don biyan kuɗin jizya (haraji). Musulmai sun kwace kadarorin daular. Yarjejeniyar ta yiwu ta zama abin koyi ga yarjejeniyoyin ƙulla yarjejeniya da aka yi a duk faɗin Siriya, da Iraki da Masar, a lokacin mamayar musulmi na farko. Ko da yake bayanan da al-Waqidi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 823) da Ibn Ishaq suka yi ittifaqi a kan cewa Damascus ta mika wuya a watan Agusta/Satumba 635, sun ba da lokuta daban-daban na kewayen daga watanni hudu zuwa goma sha hudu. === Yaƙin Yarmuk === [[File:Battlefield_of_yarmouk-mohammad_adil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battlefield_of_yarmouk-mohammad_adil.jpg|right|thumb|Kwaruruka na Kogin Yarmouk, a kusa da yakin Yarmouk]] [[File:Hayton_BNF886_9v.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hayton_BNF886_9v.jpg|left|thumb|Misalin Yaƙin Yarmouk na wani mai zanen Catalan wanda ba a san shi ba (c. 1310–1325).]] A cikin bazara na shekara ta 636 Khalid ya janye sojojinsa daga Damascus zuwa tsohon babban birnin Ghassanid da ke Jabiya a cikin Golan. An sa shi ta hanyar gabatowar babban sojojin Rumawa wanda Heraclius ya aika, wanda ya kunshi sojojin daular mulkin Vahan da Theodore Trithyrius da sojojin kan iyaka, ciki har da mayaƙan doki na Larabawa na Kirista a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ghassanid phylarch Jabala ibn al-Ayham da ma'aikatan Armeniya karkashin jagorancin wasu Georgius (wanda larabawa ke kira Jaraja). Masana tarihi na zamani suna jayayya da girman dakaru; Donner ya rike Rumawa fiye da Musulmai hudu zuwa daya, Walter E. Kaegi ya rubuta cewa Rumawa "watakila sun sami fifiko na lambobi" tare da sojoji 15,000-20,000 ko fiye, kuma John Walter Jandora ya ce akwai yiwuwar "kusa da lambobi" tsakanin bangarorin biyu. tare da musulmi mutum 36,000 (ciki har da 10,000 na sojojin Khalid) da Rumawa kusan 40,000. Sojojin Ruqqad sun kafa sansani a yankin Ruqqad da ke yamma da wuraren musulmi a Jabiya. Saboda haka Khalid ya ja baya, ya koma arewacin Kogin Yarmouk, kusa da inda Ruqqad ya hadu da Yarmouk. Yankin ya mamaye tuddai masu tsayi, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke haɗa Damascus zuwa Galili da wuraren kiwo na tarihi na Ghassanids. Fiye da wata guda musulmi suna ci gaba da fafutukar tabbatar da tsaro tsakanin Adhri'at (Daraa na zamani) da sansaninsu kusa da Dayr Ayyub inda suka fatattaki Rumawa a wani gumurzu da suka yi a wajen Jabiya a ranar 23 ga Yuli 636. Jandora ya tabbatar da cewa Larabawa Kirista da Armeniya na Rumawa. mataimaka sun watse ko suka koma, amma sojojin Rumawa sun kasance “mai girma”, wanda ya kunshi gadi na manya-manyan sojan doki, da masu gadin bayan sojojin sa-kai a lokacin da suka tunkari layin kare musulmi. Khalid ya raba dakarun dawakansa gida biyu, kowanne ya tsaya a bayan fikafikan sojojin musulmi na dama da na hagu don kare sojojinsa daga wani rufaffiyar wani rufaffiyar mayaƙan sojojin Rumawa. Ya ajiye manyan mahaya dawakai 200-300 don tallafawa tsakiyar layin tsaronsa sannan ya bar maharba da aka ajiye a sansanin musulmi kusa da Dayr Ayyub, inda za su iya yin tasiri sosai a kan rundunar Byzantine mai shigowa. Hare-haren farko da Rumawa suka yi a kan bangaren dama da hagu na musulmi ya ci tura, amma sun ci gaba da tafiya har sai da dukkanin layin musulmi ya koma baya ko kuma kamar yadda majiyoyin kiristoci na wannan zamani suka tabbatar, sun yi ja da baya. Rumawa sun bi musulmi zuwa sansaninsu, inda musulmi suka yi ta fama da garken rakumansu domin su samar da wasu lungu da sako na kariyar da sojojin dakaru za su iya yakarsu kuma sojojin na Rumawa ba su samu saukin shiga ba. A sakamakon haka, Rumawa sun kasance cikin rauni ga hare-hare daga maharba musulmi, aka dakatar da su kuma an fallasa gefen hagu. Khalid da sojojin dawakinsa sun yi amfani da wannan dama wajen huda Rumawa bangaren hagu, inda suka yi amfani da tazarar da ke tsakanin sojojin rundunan Rumawa da na doki. Khalid ya lullube mayaƙan mayaƙan dawakai na kowane bangare, amma da gangan ya bar wata buɗaɗɗen da Rumawa za su iya tserewa kawai daga arewa, nesa da sojojinsu. A cewar masanin tarihi na Bizantine na ƙarni na 9 Theophanes, sojojin Rumawa sun yi tawaye a ƙarƙashin Vahan, mai yiwuwa bisa la’akari da gazawar Theodore na fuskantar harin da aka kai wa sojojin doki. Daga baya kuma an fatattaki sojojin. A halin da ake ciki kuma sojojin dawakan na Byzantine sun ja da baya zuwa arewa zuwa yankin da ke tsakanin rundunonin Ruqqad da Allan. Khalid ya aika da runduna domin su bi su, suka hana su sake haduwa. Ya biyo bayan wani samame da dare ya yi inda ya kwace gadar Ruqqad, hanya daya tilo da za ta iya janyewa ga Rumawa. Daga nan ne musulmi suka afkawa sansanonin Rumawa a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta tare da kashe mafi yawan sojojin Rumawa, ko kuma suka haifar da firgici a cikin sahu na Rumawa, lamarin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar dubban mutane a cikin kwarin Yarmouk a kokarinsu na komawa yamma. Jandora ya ba da tabbacin nasarar da musulmi suka samu a Yarmouk ga hadin kai da "mafi girman jagoranci" na sojojin musulmi, musamman "hiza" na Khalid, idan aka kwatanta da rikice-rikicen da aka yi a cikin sojojin Rumawa da kuma dabarar Theodorus na al'ada, wanda Khalid "daidai". tsammani". A ra'ayin Gil, janyewar Khalid a gaban sojojin Heraclius, da ficewa daga Damascus da kuma ci gaba da kai ruwa rana a magudanar ruwa na Yarmouk "shaida ce ta kyakkyawar iyawarsa ta shiryawa da kuma gwanintarsa a fagen fama". Rikicin na Rumawa ya yi nuni da halaka sojojinsu na karshe a kasar Siriya, inda nan da nan suka sami nasarar samun nasarar da musulmi suka samu a baya a Palastinu da Transjordan tare da share fagen kwato birnin Damascus a cikin watan Disamba, a wannan karon da Abu Ubayda, da kuma mamaye kwarin Beqaa daga karshe. sauran Siriya a arewa. A kima na Jandora, Yarmouk yana daya daga cikin "yakin da suka fi muhimmanci a tarihin Duniya", wanda a karshe ya kai ga nasarar musulmi wanda ya fadada Halifanci tsakanin tsaunukan Pyrenees da tsakiyar Asiya. '''Ragewa''' An rike Khalid a matsayin babban kwamandan sojojin musulmi a Sham tsakanin watanni shida da shekaru biyu daga farkon halifancin Umar, dangane da madogararsa. Masana tarihi na zamani galibi sun yarda cewa korar da Umar ya yi wa Khalid ya faru ne a bayan Yarmuk. Halifa ya nada Abu Ubayda a wurin Khalid, ya mayar da dakarunsa ga sauran kwamandojin musulmi, sannan ya nada Khalid karkashin jagorancin daya daga cikin lardunan Abu Ubayda; umarni daga baya ya tura mafi yawan tsoffin sojojin Khalid zuwa Iraki. Majiyoyin Islama na farko sun kawo dalilai daban-daban na korar Khalid daga babban hafsan. Daga cikinsu har da yanke shawararsa mai zaman kansa da mafi karancin aiki tare da shugabanni a Madina; tsofaffin zarge-zarge na rashin da’a, da suka hada da kashe Malik bn Nuwayra da auren matar da Malik ta rasu; zargin da ake yi na raba ganima ga ’ya’yan manyan kabila don cutar da wadanda suka cancanta musulunta na farko; kiyayya ta sirri tsakanin Khalid da Umar; da rashin natsuwa da Umar ya yi a kan irin jaruntakar da Khalid ya ke da shi a tsakanin musulmi, wanda ya ke tsoron za ta iya rikidewa zuwa wata kungiyar asiri. Masana tarihi na zamani De Goeje, William Muir da Andreas Stratos sun kalli kiyayyar Umar da Khalid a matsayin sanadin korar Khalid. Shaban ya yarda da kiyayyar amma ya ce ba shi da wani tasiri a kan shawarar da halifa ya dauka. De Goeje ya yi watsi da tallafin da Khalid ya ba wa manyan kabilu, al'adar da aka saba yi tsakanin shugabannin Musulmi na farko ciki har da Muhammad, a matsayin dalilin korar shi. Muir, Becker, Stratos da Philip K. Hitti sun ba da shawarar cewa a ƙarshe an kori Khalid saboda nasarorin da musulmi suka samu a Siriya bayan Yarmouk ya buƙaci a maye gurbin wani kwamandan soji da ke shugabantar da ƙwararren shugaba kamar Abu Ubayda. Athamina yana shakkar duk dalilan da aka ambata, yana jayayya da dalilin "dole ne ya kasance mai mahimmanci" a lokacin da manyan sassan Siriya suka kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Byzantine kuma Heraclius bai bar lardin ba. Athamina ya riki cewa "da dukkan gazawarsa na soja", da Abu Ubayda ba za a yi la'akari da shi "madaidaicin maye gurbin basirar da ba ta misaltuwa ta Khalid". Rashin samun dakaru na yau da kullum na Madina, da bukatar sake tura mayaka zuwa wasu fagarori, da kuma barazanar da Rumawa ke yi ga samun nasarar musulmi a kasar Sham, duk ya bukaci kafa tsarin tsaro da ya danganci tsofaffin kabilun larabawa a kasar Siriya, wadanda suka kasance a matsayin runduna. na Byzantium. Bayan da madina ta yi kira ga manyan qungiyoyin Ghassanid da aka yi watsi da su, aka kulla alaka da Kalb da Judham da Lakhm. Wataƙila waɗannan ƙabilun sun ɗauki ɗimbin ƴan kabilar Larabawa da ke wajen sojojin Khalid a matsayin barazana ga ikonsu na siyasa da tattalin arziki. Sojojin Khalid na farko na mutum 500-800 sun kumbura zuwa 10,000 sakamakon yadda ’yan kabilar suka shiga sahun sojojinsa daga gaban Iraki ko Larabawa kuma sun kai 30,000-40,000 a cikin iyalansu. Athamina ya kammala Umar ya sallami Khalid kuma ya kira dakarunsa daga Sham a matsayin kai hari ga Kalb da abokansu. ===Ayyuka a arewacin Siriya=== Abu Ubayda da Khalid sun tashi daga Damascus zuwa arewa zuwa Homs (wanda ake kira Emesa ta Rumawa) kuma sun kewaye birnin watakila a cikin hunturu na 636-637. An yi wa kawanya a tsakanin nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'i da masu kare Byzantine suka yi kuma birnin ya mamaye a cikin bazara. Bisa ga sharuɗɗan mika wuya, an sanya haraji kan mazaunan don samun tabbacin kariya ga dukiyoyinsu, majami'u, injinan ruwa da ganuwar birni. An kebe kashi daya bisa hudu na cocin St. John don amfanin musulmi, kuma gidaje da lambuna da aka yi watsi da su Abu Ubaida ko Khalid suka kwashe suka rarraba a tsakanin sojojin musulmi da iyalansu. Saboda kusancinsa da hamadar hamada, ana kallon Homs a matsayin wurin zama mai kyau ga kabilun Larabawa kuma ya zama birni na farko a Siriya da ya sami yawan musulmi. Bayanai game da mamayar da suka biyo baya a arewacin Siriya ba su da yawa kuma sun yi karo da juna. Abu Ubayda ne ya aika Khalid ya ci Qinnasrin (wanda Rumawa ke kira Chalcis) da kuma Aleppo kusa da shi. Khalid ya fatattaki rundunar Rumawa karkashin jagorancin wani Minas a wajen birnin Qinnasrin. A can Khalid ya kebe mazauna garin biyo bayan roko da suka yi da cewa su Larabawa ne da Rumawa suka tilasta musu aikin soja. Ya bi shi da kewaye garin Qinnasrin mai katanga, wanda ya mamaye a watan Agusta/Satumba 638. Shi da Iyad bn Ghanm daga nan suka kaddamar da farmakin farko na musulmi zuwa yankin Anatoliya na Byzantine. Khalid ya mai da Qinnasrin hedkwatarsa, ya sauka a wurin shi da matarsa. Khalid aka nada Abu Ubayda mataimakin gwamna a Qinnasrin a shekara ta 638. Yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan Homs da Qinnasrin ya haifar da cin nasara a arewa maso yammacin Siriya kuma ya sa Heraclius ya bar hedkwatarsa a Edessa don Samosata a Anatolia kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa babban birnin daular Konstantinoful. Watakila Khalid ya shiga cikin harin da aka yi wa birnin Kudus, wanda aka kai a shekara ta 637 ko 638. A cewar al-Tabari, yana daya daga cikin shaidun wata wasika ta tabbatarwa da Umar ya aikewa sarki Sophronius na Kudus na tabbatar da tsaron mutanen birnin da dukiyoyin birnin. ===Kora da mutuwan Khalid bn Al-Walid=== Kamar yadda Sayf bn Umar ya ce, daga baya a shekara ta 638 Khalid ya yi ta yayata cewa ya raba ganima daga yakin da ya yi a arewacin Sham, ciki har da kudade ga mai martaba Kindite al-Ash'ath ibn Qays. Don haka Umar ya umurci Abu Ubaida ya yi wa Khalid tambayoyi a bainar jama’a tare da sauke Khalid daga mukaminsa ba tare da la’akari da sakamakon tambayoyin ba, haka kuma ya sanya Qinnasrin a karkashin jagorancin Abu Ubayda kai tsaye. Bayan tambayoyin da aka yi masa a Homs, Khalid ya yi jawabai na bankwana a jere ga sojojin da ke Qinnasrin da Homs kafin Umar ya kira shi zuwa Madina. Labarin Sayf ya lura cewa Umar ya aika da sanarwa zuwa ga rundunonin musulmi na Siriya da Iraki cewa an kori Khalid ba saboda rashin adalci ba amma saboda sojojin sun kasance "rashin kunya saboda shi [Khalid]" kuma yana jin tsoron za a yi rashin daidaituwa. Sun dogara gare shi maimakon Allah. Korar Khalid ba ta jawo cece-ku-ce a tsakanin jama’a ba, mai yiyuwa ne saboda wayewar kan siyasar musulmi na kiyayyar Umar ga Khalid, wadda ta shirya jama’a don korar shi, ko kuma saboda kiyayyar da ake yi wa Makhzum gaba daya sakamakon adawar da suka yi da Muhammad tun da farko. da musulmin farko. A cikin ruwayar Ibn Asakir, Umar ya bayyana a majalisar sojojin musulmi a Jabiya a shekara ta 638 cewa an kori Khalid ne saboda ya yi wa jaruman yaki da manyan kabilu da mawaka ganima a maimakon ya tanadi kudade ga musulmi mabukata. Babu wani kwamandojin da suka halarci taron da ya fito ya nuna adawarsa, sai wani dan Makhzumi da ya zargi Umar da saba wa umurnin soja da Muhammad ya ba Khalid. A cewar malamin fikihu al-Zuhri (a shekara ta 742), kafin rasuwarsa a shekara ta 639, Abu Ubayda ya nada Khalid da Iyad bn Ghanm a matsayin magajinsa, amma Umar ya tabbatar da Iyad ne kawai a matsayin gwamnan gundumar Homs-Qinnasrin-Jazira, sannan ya nada Yazid. ibn Abi Sufyan gwamnan sauran sham, wato gundumomin Damascus, Jordan da Palastinu. Khalid ya rasu a Madina ko Homs a shekara ta 21 bayan hijira (a.k. 642 Miladiyya). Hadisai da aka ambata game da Khalid sun haɗa da gargaɗin Muhammadu ga Musulmi kada su cutar da Khalid da annabce-annabce cewa za a yi wa Khalid zalunci duk da gagarumar gudunmawar da ya bayar ga Musulunci. A cikin riwayoyin adabin Musulunci, Umar ya bayyana nadama kan sallamar Khalid da matan Madina suka yi na rasuwarsa baki daya. Athamina tana daukar wadannan duka a matsayin "baya wuce kalaman nuna juyayi a bangaren al'ummomin da suka biyo baya kan jarumtar Khalid kamar yadda al'adar Musulunci ta bayyana". ===Iyali da masu da'awar zuri'a=== Tun akalla karni na 12, ana zargin kabarin Khalid yana cikin masallacin Khalid ibn al-Walid a birnin Homs na kasar Syria a yau. Kabarin Khalid a cikin Masallacin Khalid bn al-Walid Babban ɗan Khalid sunansa Sulayman, don haka kunyarsa ('paedonymic') Abu Sulayman ('uban Sulaiman'). Khalid ya auri Asma, diyar Anas bn Mudrik, fitaccen jigo kuma mawaki na kabilar Khath'am. Ɗansu Abd al-Rahman ya zama babban kwamanda a yaƙin Larabawa-Byzantine kuma na hannun damar Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, gwamnan Sham kuma daga baya wanda ya kafa kuma khalifan farko na khalifancin Umayyawa, ya zama mataimakin gwamnan na ƙarshen. gundumar Homs-Qinnasrin-Jazira. Wani dan Khalid, Muhajir, shi ne mai goyon bayan Ali, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin halifa a shekara ta 656-661, kuma ya rasu yana yakar sojojin Mu'awiya a yakin Siffin a shekara ta 657 a lokacin yakin basasar musulmi na farko. Bayan rasuwar Abd al-Rahman a shekara ta 666, bisa zarginsa da shan gubar da Mu'awiya ya umarta, dan Muhajir Khalid ya yi yunkurin daukar fansa kan kisan kawun nasa, aka kama shi, amma daga baya Mu'awiya ya sake shi bayan Khalid ya biya kudin jininsa. Khalid dan Abd al-Rahman shi ne kwamandan yakin ruwan yaki da Rumawa a shekara ta 668 ko 669. Babu wata muhimmiyar rawar da dangin Khalid suka taka a tarihin tarihi. Asalin zuriyarsa na maza ya kare ne zuwa ga rugujewar daular Umayyawa a shekara ta 750 ko kuma jim kadan bayan da dukan zuriyarsa maza arba'in suka mutu a wata annoba a kasar Sham, in ji masanin tarihi na karni na 11 Ibn Hazm. Don haka dukiyoyin iyalansa da suka hada da gidansa da wasu gidaje da dama a Madina, Ayyub bn Salama, jikan Khalid al-Walid bn al-Walid ne ya gaji shi. Sun kasance a hannun zuriyar Ayyub har zuwa aƙalla ƙarshen karni na 9. Iyalan mawaƙin Balarabe na ƙarni na 12 Ibn al-Qaysarani sun yi iƙirarin cewa zuriyarsu ta fito daga Muhajir bn Khalid, ko da yake ɗan tarihi Ibn Khallikan na ƙarni na 13 ya lura da’awar ta ci karo da ijma’in masana tarihi da tarihin Larabci cewa zuriyar Khalid ta ƙare a farkon zamanin Musulunci. . Wata ila zuriyar mace ta tsira kuma shugaban addinin Sufi na ƙarni na 15 Siraj al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali al-Makhzumi na Homs ya yi iƙirarin. Kizil Ahmed Bey shugaban Isfendiyarids wanda ya mulki wata hukuma a yankin Anatoliya har zuwa lokacin da daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye ta, ya kirkiro daularsa ta asali daga Khalid. Kabilar Sur a karkashin Sher Shah, wani sarkin Indiya na karni na 16, su ma sun yi ikirarin zuriyar Khalid. == Legacy == Ana daukar Khalid "daya daga cikin hazaka na farkon Musulunci" na Donner.{{sfn|Donner|1981|p=111}} A cikin kima na Kennedy, Khalid ya kasance "hazikin kwamandan soja maras tausayi, amma wanda musulmin kirki ba zai taba jin dadi da shi ba".{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=81}} Ya lura cewa zamanin da “Hadisin Larabci suna ba wa Khalid girman kai a matsayin kwamandan da ya ba da jagoranci mafi inganci, ko da bayan Umar ya kore shi daga babban kwamandan mulki” kuma “sunansa na babban Janar ya dade tun daga tsararraki da tituna. sunansa a duk fadin kasashen Larabawa”.{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|pp=75–76}} A yayin da ake fahimtar nasarorin da ya samu a soja, majiyoyin gargajiya sun gabatar da kima iri-iri na Khalid saboda tunkarar sa da Muhammadu a Uhud, da sunan da ya yi na zalunci ko rashin daidaito a kan kabilun Larabawa a lokacin yakin Ridda da kuma shaharar da ya yi na soja wanda ya dagula masu addini na farko zuwa ga addinin Musulunci. Musulunci. A cewar masanin tarihi Richard Blackburn, duk da kokarin da majiyoyin gargajiya na Musulunci suka yi na bata sunan Khalid, sunansa ya bunkasa a matsayin "babban jarumin Musulunci" a zamanin Muhammad da Abubakar da kuma yakin Sham. Masanin tarihin nan Carole Hillenbrand ya kira Khalid "wanda ya fi kowa shahara a cikin dukkanin janar-janar musulmin larabawa",{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1999|p=230}} Humphreys ya siffanta shi da "watakila shi ne fitaccen janar na larabawa mai hazaka a yakin Riddah [sic] da yakin farko na [Musulmi].{{sfn|Humphreys|1990|p=72, note 124}} Musulmi ‘yan Sunna suna kallon Khalid a matsayin gwarzon yaki a wajen musulmi ‘yan Sunna, yayin da da yawa daga cikin musulmi ‘yan Shi’a ke kallonsa a matsayin mai laifin yaki saboda kisan da ya yi wa Malik bn Nuwayra da kuma auren matar da ya mutu ba tare da bata lokaci ba, wanda ya saba wa zamanin da musulunci ya saba yi.{{sfn|Mulder|2014|pp=92–93}} === Mausoleum a cikin Homs === Tun daga lokacin Ayyubid a Siriya (1182-1260), Homs ya sami suna a matsayin gidan da ake zaton kabari da masallacin Khalid.{{sfn|Sirriya|1979|p=116}} Balarabe matafiyi na karni na 12 Ibn Jubayr (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1217) ya lura cewa kabarin yana dauke da kaburburan Khalid da dansa Abd al-Rahman.{{sfn|Blackburn|2005|p=75, note 195}} Al’adar Musulmi tun daga lokacin ta sanya kabarin Khalid a cikin garin.{{sfn|Blackburn|2005|p=75, note 195}} Sarkin Ayyubid na farko Saladin (r. 1171–1193) ya canza ginin kuma a cikin karni na 13.{{sfn|Sirriya|1979|p=116}} Sarkin Mamluk sultan Baybars (r. 1260–1277) ya yi ƙoƙarin danganta nasarorin da ya samu na soja da na Khalid ta hanyar sanya wani rubutu da aka sassaƙa a makabartar Khalid da ke Homs a shekara ta 1266.{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1999|p=230}} A ziyararsa ta ƙarni na 17 a makabartar, malamin musulmi. Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi ya yarda cewa an binne Khalid a can amma kuma ya lura da wata al'adar Musulunci ta dabam cewa kabarin na jikan Mu'awiya Khalid bn Yazid ne (d. 704). Masallacin na yanzu ya kasance a 1908 lokacin da hukumomin Ottoman suka sake gina ginin. == Manazarta == 79czrhvfwfore6c8lrmcn5lq8lwubwb 0 27072 551986 498794 2024-12-05T02:53:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Illustration of SARS-COV-2 Case Fatality Rate 200228 01-1.png|thumb|bayanan korono]] [[Fayil:Symptoms of COVID-19 (Burmese).pdf|thumb|Abun kariyar korona]] '''Rubutun bayanan COVID-19 bayanai''' ne na jama'a don raba bayanan shari'a, da bayanan likita, masu alaƙa da cutar ta COVID-19. == Ƙididdiga tara == === Amurka === ==== Masu aikin sa kai/mara gwamnati ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" !Mawallafi ! Kwanan watan bugawa na farko ! A cikin amfanin hukuma? ! Sabuntawa Yawanci ! Geographic Mataki ! Jerin lokuta ! Gwaji Shafukan ! Gwaji Lamba ! lamuran ! Asibiti ! Mutuwa ! Alurar riga kafi Shafukan ! Alurar riga kafi Lamba ! Bayani |- | Codeers Against COVID / GIScorps | Maris 22, 2020 | Ee, ta FEMA da Jihar California | Kullum | Point (lat/dogon) | Ee | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | Saitin bayanai na wuraren gwaji na COVID-19 a cikin Amurka da Puerto Rico |- | Bayanan Amurka | Afrilu 24, 2020 | Ee, ta CDC | Kullum | Karamar hukuma | Ee | A'a | A'a | Ee | | Ee | A'a | A'a | Takaddun bayanai game da cututtukan coronavirus-matakin gundumomi da mace-mace da ake sabuntawa kowace rana |- | Aikin Bibiyar COVID | Maris 7, 2020 | A'a | Kullum | Jiha | Ee | A'a | Ee | Ee | Ee | Ee | A'a | A'a | Ƙididdigar gwaji da ƙididdiga na likita da masu sa kai ke gudanarwa a cikin Amurka |- | Binciken Hankali na sake dubawa na masu amfani akan tuntuɓar COVID-19 da ke gano aikace-aikacen hannu | Maris 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | Wannan saitin bayanan an yi niyya ne don tallafawa nazarin ra'ayi na sake dubawa na masu amfani akan COVID-19 tuntuɓar aikace-aikacen wayar hannu. |} [[Fayil:Social distancing sprouts sf nm.jpg|thumb|Bada tazara]] ==== Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka &amp;amp; Sabis na Jama'a ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" !Suna ! Geographic Mataki ! Jerin lokuta ! Gwaji Shafukan ! Gwaji Lamba ! lamuran ! Asibiti ! Mutuwa ! Alurar riga kafi Shafukan ! Alurar riga kafi Lamba |- | [https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-diagnostic-laboratory-testing-pcr-testing-time-series Gwajin gwajin gwaji na COVID-19 (Gwajin PCR)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312211407/https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-diagnostic-laboratory-testing-pcr-testing-time-series |date=2021-03-12 }} Archived | Jiha | Ee | A'a | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a |- | [https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-facility COVID-19 ruwaito Patient Impact da kuma Asibitin Capacity da Facility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312212746/https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-facility |date=2021-03-12 }} Archived | Point (lat/dogon) | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a |- | [https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-estimated-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state COVID-19 Kiyasin Tasirin Mara lafiya da Ƙarfin Asibiti ta Jihohin da aka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312212715/https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-estimated-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state |date=2021-03-12 }} Archived | Jiha | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a |- | [https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state COVID-19 ruwaito Patient Impact da kuma Asibitin Capacity ta Jihar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308011204/https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state |date=2021-03-08 }} Archived | Jiha | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a |- | [https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state-timeseries An ba da rahoton Tasirin Mara lafiya da Ƙarfin Asibiti ta COVID-19 ta Jihohin da aka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310091444/https://healthdata.gov/dataset/covid-19-reported-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state-timeseries |date=2021-03-10 }} Archived | Jiha | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | A'a | A'a |} * Cibiyar Albarkatun Johns Hopkins Coronavirus: Haɗaɗɗen bayanan duniya ciki har da shari'o'i, gwaji, gano lamba, da haɓaka rigakafin rigakafi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/|access-date=2020-09-18|website=Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center|language=en}}</ref> * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Dashboard na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) Coronavirus Disease Dashboard: bayanan bayanan da aka tabbatar da mutuwar da aka ruwaito a duniya kuma yanki ya rushe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard|url=https://covid19.who.int/|access-date=2020-09-18|website=covid19.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Wannan ma'ajin bayanai wani bangare ne na Dandalin Bayanan Lafiya na WHO.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Health Data Platform - WHO|url=https://www.who.int/data|access-date=2020-09-18|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> * Aikin Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai na COVID-19 na Afirka: bayanan sa kai da ke gudana da yanki mai ba da rahoto, ƙasa da matakin gundumomi, mace-mace, cututtukan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, sabis na kiwon lafiya da buƙatun gaggawa.<ref>{{cite web|title=COVID-19 Africa Open Data|url=http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/|access-date=16 November 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109105032/http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin bayanai == * [https://hdruk.ac.uk Binciken Bayanan Lafiya na Burtaniya] yana ba da rajistar albarkatun bayanan lafiya daga Burtaniya, gami [https://web.www.healthdatagateway.org/search?search=COVID-19&tab=Datasets da bayanan bayanan COVID-19] . * NIH Buɗaɗɗen Bayanan Bayanai: Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Ƙasa suna ba da bayanan shiga buɗaɗɗen albarkatun lissafi masu alaƙa da COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Open-Access Data and Computational Resources to Address COVID-19 {{!}} Data Science at NIH|url=https://datascience.nih.gov/covid-19-open-access-resources|access-date=2020-10-13|website=datascience.nih.gov}}</ref> * COVID-19 Buɗe Bayanan Bincike (CORD-19): Aikin Masanin Ilimin Semantic na Cibiyar Allen don AI ta karɓi CORD-19, bayanan jama'a na labaran ilimi game da COVID-19 da bincike mai alaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CORD-19|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/cord19|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Semantic Scholar}}</ref> Ana sabunta saitin bayanan yau da kullun kuma ya haɗa da labaran da aka yi bita da ƙasidu da preprints.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Analysis of COVID-19 publications identifies research gaps|url=https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-09/cp-aoc091720.php|access-date=2020-10-13|website=EurekAlert!|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000851/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-09/cp-aoc091720.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara fitar da CORD-19 a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2020 ta masu bincike da shugabanni daga Cibiyar Allen don AI, Chan Zuckerburg Initiative, Cibiyar Tsaro da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Georgetown, [[Microsoft]], da Laburaren Magunguna na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Call to Action to the Tech Community on New Machine Readable COVID-19 Dataset|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/call-action-tech-community-new-machine-readable-covid-19-dataset/|access-date=2020-10-13|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en-US}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri bayanan bayanan ta hanyar amfani da ma'adinan rubutu na wallafe-wallafen bincike na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NLM Leverages Data, Text Mining to Sharpen COVID-19 Research Databases|url=https://governmentciomedia.com/nlm-leverages-data-text-mining-sharpen-covid-19-research-databases|access-date=2020-10-13|website=governmentciomedia.com|language=en}}</ref> == Abubuwan ƙayyadaddun batutuwa da abubuwan ban sha'awa na musamman == === Genomics === * Open damar Gene jerawa data for SARS-CoV-2 da aka bayar da GISAID,<ref>{{cite web|title=GISAID|url=https://www.gisaid.org/|access-date=29 December 2020|website=www.gisaid.org}}</ref> kuma a hada a cikin wani m Phylogenetic itace gaban mota<ref name="Nexstrain SARS-CoV-22">{{cite web|title=Nexstrain SARS-CoV-2 Dashboard|url=https://nextstrain.org/ncov/global|access-date=29 December 2020|website=nextstrain.org}}</ref> on Nextstrain, an bude-source pathogen genome data aikin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nextstrain|url=https://docs.nextstrain.org/en/latest/learn/about-nextstrain.html|access-date=29 December 2020|website=docs.nextstrain.org}}</ref> === Hoto (Radiology) === * Halayyar Dabarar fasali a kan kirjin radiographs da kuma lissafta tomography (CT) na mutanen da suke da symptomatic hada asymmetric gefe ƙasa-gilashin opacities ba tare da pleural effusions.<ref name="AJR2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Xia L|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and Management|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|pages=1280–1286|date=March 2020|volume=214|issue=6|pmid=32130038|doi=10.2214/AJR.20.22954|s2cid=212416282}}</ref> Jami'ar Montreal da Mila sun ƙirƙiri "Tarin Bayanan Hoto na COVID-19" a cikin Maris wanda ma'ajin bayanan jama'a ne na hoton ƙirji.<ref name="mila-covid2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 related projects|at=COVID-19 image data collection|website=Mila|access-date=12 July 2020|url=https://mila.quebec/en/covid-19/}}</ref><ref name="covid-image-github2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 image data collection|url=https://github.com/ieee8023/covid-chestxray-dataset|website=GitHub|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="covid-image-arxiv2">{{cite arxiv|last1=Cohen|first1=Joseph|title=COVID-19 image data collection|eprint=2003.11597|date=25 March 2020|class=eess.IV}}</ref> Bankin Bayanan Hoto na Likita a yankin Valencian ya fitar da babban bayanan hoton ƙirji daga Spain.<ref>{{cite arxiv|last1=de la Iglesia Vayá|first1=Maria|title=BIMCV COVID-19+: a large annotated dataset of RX and CT images from COVID-19 patients|date=1 June 2020|class=eess.IV|eprint=2006.01174}}</ref><ref>{{cite arxiv|last1=de la Iglesia Vayá|first1=Maria|title=BIMCV COVID-19+: a large annotated dataset of RX and CT images from COVID-19 patients|date=1 June 2020|class=eess.IV|eprint=2006.01174}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Radiyo ta Italiya tana tattara bayanan yanar gizo na kasa da kasa na binciken binciken hoto don tabbatar da lamuran.<ref name="Cx70C2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 Database|url=https://www.sirm.org/category/senza-categoria/covid-19/|website=Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica e Interventistica|access-date=2020-03-11|language=it}}</ref> Dandalin raba shari'ar rediyo ta kan layi kamar Eurorad da Radiopaedia suna aiki azaman dandamali don raba bayanan shari'ar COVID-19 da hoto.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum: a rare complication in the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia.|url=https://www.eurorad.org/case/16844|website=Eurorad|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="radiopaedia-covid2">{{cite web|last1=Bell|first1=Daniel|last2=Knipe|first2=Henry|title=COVID-19 (summary)|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/covid-19-summary|website=Radiopaedia|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Covid-19]] djtfs7ofs9eenxvizr36340fwilokr2 0 27272 551983 445529 2024-12-05T02:39:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Bariga Sugar''''' fim ne na shekarar 2017 na masana'antar [[Nollywood]]. Fim ɗin ya ba da labari ne game da dangantaka tsakanin abokai biyu a gidan karuwai da kuma yadda suke iya magance yanayin da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-bariga-sugar-will-leave-you-with-a-lump-in-your-throat-id6274830.html|title=Pulse Movie Review: "Bariga Sugar" will leave you with a lump in your throat|last=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|access-date=2018-11-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118081836/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-bariga-sugar-will-leave-you-with-a-lump-in-your-throat-id6274830.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=kweliTV|title=Bariga Sugar|date=2018-02-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdg_AoT9HOE|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * [[Tina Mba]] * Lucy Ameh * George Ojefua * Tunde Azeez * Albarkacin Sama'ila * Halima Olarewaju ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|6661758}} [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] 8ajbkdatt4yevkzzmiydh4bwvhz92mu 0 28300 551717 503330 2024-12-04T14:05:49Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Le Port de la Daurade.jpg|thumb|le port de la daurade]] [[Fayil:La Grosse Cloche (Bordeaux).JPG|thumb|Port de la Lune]] '''''Port de la Lune''''' (Tashar ruwan wata) shine sunan da aka ba tashar jiragen ruwa na Bordeaux, tun daga tsakiyar zamanai, saboda siffar kogin da ke ketare birnin.<ref>Chantal CALLAIS. ''Bordeaux, a history of architecture''. Editions La Geste. 2019.</ref> Ana wakilta ta da jinjirin watan a kan rigar makamai na Bordeaux, da kuma ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki guda uku a cikin tambarin gundumar. A cikin 2007, tashar jiragen ruwa na wata da kusan kadada 1800 na yankunan biranen da ke kewaye da su an jera su a cikin UNESCO World Heritage Site saboda fice da "sabbin tsarin gine-gine na gargajiya da na zamani" da kuma shaharar Bordeaux a matsayin cibiyar masana'antar ruwan inabi ta tarihi. a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya fiye da shekaru 800. Wurin Tarihi na Duniya shine yanki mafi girma na birni wanda UNESCO ta rubuta (tun daga 2021), wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 40% na duk yankin. UNESCO ta kuma ba wa gundumar kyauta saboda ƙoƙarin da ta yi na gyarawa da kuma ƙawata wuraren shakatawa da facade na tsakiyar birnin, ciki har da Place de la Bourse, Miroir d'eau, da Grand-Théâtre. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Vue_du_port_de_la_Lune.jpg|Port de la Lune File:Brigantine_%27Jean_de_la_Lune%27,_Leith_Docks_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3726004.jpg|Port de la Lune File:Coat of arms of Bordeaux, France.svg|Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Bordeaux. File:Bordeaux 3 Croissants.JPG|Karamin Sunan mahaifi ma'anar File:Bordeaux - Vue d'avion - View from plane - Picture image photography garonne pont bridge chaban delmas pont de pierre d'aquitaine saint jean (8683043366).jpg|Duba daga jirgin sama. File:Bordeaux port de la lune 01.jpg|''Port de la Lune''. File:Bordeaux - vue générale 2.jpg|''Port de la Lune'', hangen nesa daga saman spire Saint-Michel. File:Bordeaux Quai Richelieu R02.jpg|Facades da aka tsara na ''quai Richelieu''. File:Bordeaux quais 04.jpg|''Place de la Bourse''. File:Bordeaux Quai Louis XVIII R01.jpg|''Quai Louis XVIII'' da ''Quai des Chartrons''. File:Piazza della Borsa Bordeaux 04.JPG|''Miroir d'eau'', ''Pont de pierre'' da Basilica of St. Michael. File:France-001741 - Grand Theatre (15465517697).jpg|''Place de la Comédie'' tare da ''Grand-Théâtre''. </gallery> == Manazarta == 8yad3pq8761vult34wkbpvrwm6c5uwt 0 28878 551974 508011 2024-12-04T22:25:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:André Ayew 5396.jpg|thumb|André Ayew a 2013]] [[Fayil:André Ayew 2013.jpg|thumb|André Ayew]] [[Fayil:André Ayew 5434.jpg|thumb|André Ayew]] [[Fayil:Valais Cup 2013 - OM-FC Porto 13-07-2013 - OM.jpg|thumb|André Ayew tare da yan tawagarsa ]] [[Fayil:André Ayew.jpg|thumb|André Ayew]] '''André Morgan Rami Ayew''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da tara 1989), kuma aka sani da '''Dede Ayew''' a Ghana,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allsports.com.gh/features/feature-dede-ayew-looks-like-top-premier-league-quality-already-id4079508.html|title=Dede Ayew looks like top Premier League quality already|date=17 August 2015|work=All Sports Ghana|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920214244/http://allsports.com.gh/features/feature-dede-ayew-looks-like-top-premier-league-quality-already-id4079508.html|archive-date=20 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Andre-Ayew-s-Swansea-goal-trends-on-Social-media-373924|title=Andre Ayew's Swansea goal trends on Social media|date=9 August 2015|work=GhanaWeb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pulse.com.gh/sports/epl/barclays-premier-league-dede-ayew-scores-his-second-goal-in-epl-debut-for-swansea-id4074086.html|title=Dede Ayew scores his second goal in EPL debut for Swansea|date=15 August 2015|work=Pulse|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923031756/http://pulse.com.gh/sports/epl/barclays-premier-league-dede-ayew-scores-his-second-goal-in-epl-debut-for-swansea-id4074086.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Qatar Stars League Al Sadd<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Al Sadd unveil Ghana captain Andre Ayew - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/al-sadd-unveil-ghana-captain-andre-ayew/|access-date=2021-07-22|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> kuma kyaftin din tawagar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayew gives Swansea narrow lead over Barnsley in Championship play-offs - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ayew-gives-swansea-narrow-lead-over-barnsley-in-championship-play-offs/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Haife shi ne na biyu ga gwarzon ɗan kwallon Afrika sau uku kuma memba na FIFA 100 Abedi "Pele" Ayew kuma yana da 'yan uwa biyu, Ibrahim da Jordan, waɗanda kuma kwararrun 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ne. A shekarar 2011 Ayew ya zama gwarzon ɗan kwallon Afrika na BBC kuma gwarzon ɗan kwallon Ghana na bana. ==Aikin club== Ayew ya fara aikinsa a Ghana, yana wasa a Nania, a lokacin da ya fara aiki a kulob ɗin yana da shekaru 14. A 2005, ya rattaba hannu tare da tsohon kulob ɗin mahaifinsa, Marseille, kuma ya yi kakar wasanni biyu a makarantar matasa na kulob din kafin ya fara halarta a cikin 2007– 08 kakar. Ayew ya shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa a kan aro tare da Lorient da Arles-Avignon, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe samun haɓaka zuwa Ligue 1 a karon farko. A cikin 2010, ya koma Marseille kuma ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko a ƙarƙashin kocinta Didier Deschamps, inda ya buga wasanni sama da 200 kuma ya ci nasarar Trophée des Champions a jere da Coupe de la Ligues a 2010 da 2011. Ayew ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasan tawagar Ghana tun 2008 kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 100. A matakin matasa, ya yi tauraro kuma ya zama kyaftin ɗin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 wadanda suka lashe gasar zakarun matasan Afirka na 2009 da gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA U-20 na 2009. Ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA guda biyu (2010 da 2014), da kuma gasar cin kofin Afirka guda bakwai (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019 da 2021), wanda ya taimaka musu kammala gasar a 2010 da 2015, da kuma shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar ta ƙarshen. [[File:André_Ayew_5473.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9_Ayew_5473.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Ayew yana wasa tare da Marseille a cikin 2010–2011 UEFA Champions League]] [[File:André_Ayew.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9_Ayew.jpg|left|thumb|213x213px|Ayew yana wasa tare da Arles-Avignon a cikin 2009]] [[File:Andre_Ayew_v_Arsenal.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andre_Ayew_v_Arsenal.jpg|thumb|298x298px|Ayew yana wasa da Arsenal a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-2012]] [[File:20150331_Mali_vs_Ghana_157.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20150331_Mali_vs_Ghana_157.jpg|thumb|André Ayew a matsayin kyaftin din Ghana da Mali a 2015]] == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Ayew a Seclin, wani yanki a gundumar Lille, ga iyayen Ghana. Kakansa daga bangaren mahaifiyarsa Maha, Alhaji A.A. Khadir,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-04|title=Andre, Jordan Ayew lose grandfather|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Andre-Jordan-Ayew-lose-grandfather-412878|access-date=2021-09-30|website=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> ɗan kasar Lebanon ne.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 February 2016|title=Ghana stars Andre, Jordan Ayew lose grandfather|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-stars-andre-jordan-ayew-lose-grand-father|access-date=20 July 2021|website=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref> Ayew ya fito daga dangin ’yan ƙwallon ƙafa. Mahaifinsa, Abedi Pele, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma yana buga wa Lille wasa a lokacin haihuwarsa. Kane ne ga Kwame Ayew da Sola Ayew, waɗanda dukkansu tsoffin ‘yan wasan kwallon kafa ne na duniya. Haka kuma Ayew yana da ’yan’uwa biyu ƙwararrun ’yan ƙwallon ƙafa; Ibrahim da Jordan, da kanwa Imani. A halin yanzu dai Jordan yana buga wasa ne a Crystal Palace sannan Ibrahim yana buga gasar Europa a Gibraltar. Shi musulmi ne mai aikatawa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ghana Leads Remaining Muslim Stars : The Muslim Observer|url=http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=6444|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045046/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=6444|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Muntari appearance at Eid prayers sparks excitement|url=http://www.ghanasoccernet.com/muntari-appearance-at-eid-prayers-sparks-excitement/|access-date=2022-01-27|archive-date=2017-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201817/http://ghanasoccernet.com/muntari-appearance-at-eid-prayers-sparks-excitement/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I Dont Know TB Joshua -Dede Ayew|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news2/244774/2/i-dont-know-tb-joshua-dede-ayew.html/}}</ref> == Aikin sadaka == A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2019, Ayew ya ba da gudummawa ga tawagar Ghana 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, wanda ya zama kyaftin zuwa nasara shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Wannan wani mataki ne da aka dauka domin karfafawa da karfafa gwiwar kungiyar gabanin wasannin Afirka da za a yi a wata mai zuwa a Rabat na kasar Maroko.<ref>Cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/sports/ayew-donates-assorted-items-to-u20-team-ahead-of-africa-games-153724|title=Ayew donates assorted items to U20 team ahead of Africa Games</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 0x4hvcnhlqer56v3tgtcopgwr59xx9l 0 29157 551844 511908 2024-12-04T19:16:53Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 551844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:David Pizarro crop.jpg|thumb|David Pizarro]] [[Fayil:David Pizarro Footballteam of Chile - Spain vs. Chile, 10th September 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Pizarro]] '''David Marcelo Pizarro Cortés''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, 1979). Tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, ɗan ƙasar Chile mai [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ritaya]] wanda ya taka leda a ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chilean Primera División Universidad de Chile. Yawancin lokaci ana tura shi a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya, ko da yake yana iya aiki a matsayin mai rikewa a gaban layin baya, a cikin wani wuri mafi kai hari a cikin rami a bayan 'yan wasan, ko ma a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo mai zurfi. Dan wasa haziki kuma mai hazaka, wanda ke da karfin jiki duk da karancin girmansa, da kuma ikon yin wasa a tsakiyar fili, Pizarro an san shi musamman saboda hangen nesansa, kewayon wucewa, kwarewar dribbling, da iyawa daga saiti. ==Aikin kwallo== Pizarro ya fara aikinsa a Chile tare da Santiyago Wanderers, kuma daga baya kuma ya taka leda a Universidad de Chile a kasarsa. Daga baya ya yi wasa da kungiyoyin Italiya da dama, sannan kuma ya taka leda a matsayin aro da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta Ingila a shekarar 2012, kafin ya koma Chile a shekarar 2015. A lokacin zamansa a kwallon kafa na Italiya, ya lashe gasar Seria A daya ( 2005 zuwa 2006 ), kofunan Coppa Italia guda uku da Supercoppa Italiana biyu, yayin da yake taka leda a Inter Milan da Roma ; Ya kuma taka leda a Udinese da Fiorentina a lokacin da yake Italiya. Laƙabin sa na Italiyanci shine " ''Pek'' ", wanda ya rage " ''pequeño'' ", ma'ana "ƙananan" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, saboda ɗan gajeren tsayinsa (mita 1.68). Pizarro ya taka leda a tawagar kasar Chile, inda ya ci lambar tagulla a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2000, kuma ya taka leda a gasar Copa América guda biyu. Ya buga cikakken wasansa na farko a shekara ta 1999, inda ya buga gasar Copa América a waccan shekarar, kuma yana cikin tawagar kasar Chile wadda ta lashe gasar ta na farko a shekarar 2015 . ===Ritaya=== A watan Nuwamba, shekara ta dubu 2018, ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga kwallon kafa. Wasansa na ƙarshe shine 2 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu 2018, a matsayin kyaftin na Universidad de Chile, da Curicó Unido. ==Duba Kuma== == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1979]] jdnoktajgjc4h99j1cdtxc1sty9m37r 0 30016 551853 350107 2024-12-04T19:29:27Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 551853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Muhmmadu Tambari,''' ya yi sarautar [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] daga shekara ta 1924 zuwa shekarar 1931, an cire shi a shekara ta 1931. Tambari shi ne ɗan Muhammadu Maiturare. == Rayuwa == Shugabannin khalifancin Sokoto wani ɓangare ne Larabawa, wani bangare kuma Fulani ne kamar yadda [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi ɗan Fodio]], ɗan uwan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] ya bayyana cewa danginsu Fulani ne, wani ɓangare kuma Larabawa, sun ce sun fito daga Larabawa ta hanyar Uqba bn Nafi wanda Balarabe ne. Musulmin Banu Umayyawa na Kuraishawa, don haka, wani dan gidan Manzon Allah, Uqba ibn Nafi ya auri wata Bafulatani mai suna Bajjumangbu, wanda ta cikinsa ne dangin Torodbe na [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] suka fito. Halifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]] da ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Infaq al-Mansur ya yi ikirarin zuriyar Annabi Muhammad ta hanyar zuriyar kakarsa ce da ake kira Hawwa (mahaifiyar Usman ɗan Fodio), Alhaji [[Muhammadu Junaidu]], Wazirin Sokoto, masanin tarihin Fulani, ya sake jaddada ikirarin Shaihu Abdullahi. bin Fodio a wajen dangin Ɗanfodio balarabe ne kuma bafulatani ne, yayin da [[Ahmadu Bello]] a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya rubuta bayan samun ƴancin kai ya kwaikwayi da’awar Halifa Muhammadu Bello na zuriyar Larabawa ta wajen mahaifiyar Usman Ɗanfodio, labarin tarihi ya nuna cewa iyalan Shehu dan Fodio. wani ɓangare ne larabawa da kuma fulani wadanda a al’adance suka hade da Hausawa kuma ana iya kwatanta su da Larabawa Hausa-Fulani . Kafin farkon Jihadi na shekarar 1804, nau'in fulani ba shi da mahimmanci ga Torankawa (Torodbe), wallafe-wallafen nasu ya nuna rashin fahimta da suke da shi na ma'anar dangantakar Torodbe-Fulani. Sun karɓi yaren Fulbe da ɗabi'a da yawa yayin da suke riƙe da keɓantacce. Kabilar Toronkawa da farko sun dauki membobi daga kowane mataki na al'ummar Sudāni, musamman talakawa. Malaman Toronkawa sun hada da mutanen da asalinsu [[Fulani|Fula]], Wolof, Mande, [[Hausawa]] da [[Abzinawa|Berber]] . Duk da haka, sun yi magana da [[Fillanci|yaren Fula]], sun yi aure cikin iyalan Fulbe, kuma sun zama ƙwararrun malaman Fulbe. Kafin a zaɓe shi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi, Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir na Gwadabawa; Zaɓen da ya yi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi ya samu tasiri ne daga Laftanar Gwamna, William Gowers da Webster, Bature mazaunin Sakkwato. Babban dan takarar Tambari shi ne Hassan, Sarkin Barau na Dange wanda ya girmi Tambari <ref>Tibenderana, Peter K. The Making and Unmaking of the Sultan of Sokoto, Muhammadu Tambari: 1922–1931. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol 9, Issue 1.p. 104</ref> shekara goma sha daya kuma shi ne zaɓaɓɓen majalisar gargajiya ta Sakkwato karkashin jagorancin Waziri Maccido. Duk da haka, talakawa sun nuna halin ko-in-kula da zabin Tambari a kan Hassan, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 109</ref> an girmama mahaifin Tambari saboda alherinsa kuma suna fatan dansa ya zama mai kirki kamar mahaifinsa. A lokacin mulkinsa bai samu biyayya daga jami’ansa da dama ba saboda rashin goyon bayan da wasu fitattun mutane a Sakkwato suke ba shi goyon baya amma ya dogara da irin goyon bayan da Turawan Ingila suke ba shi don gudanar da ayyukansa. Tambari ya karfafa ikonsa ta hanyar kora ko neman jami’an da ba su da amana da su yi murabus, babban jami’i na farko da ya yi murabus shi ne Waziri Maccido wanda ya yi murabus a watan Satumban, 1925, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 111</ref> wasu jami’an da aka kora su ne Usman Magajin Garin na Sakkwato, da Alkali da Usman Mai Majidadi. . Ya kuma maye gurbin Maccido da Abdulkadiri a matsayin Waziri, hakan kuwa aka yi duk da cewa sabon Waziri ba daga layin [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado]] ba ne da ake girmama shi kuma duk da irin halin raini da Bature ya yi wa Abdulakdiri. Amma bayan shekaru uku da shawarar turawan Ingila ya nada Abbas a matsayin sabon Waziri, Abbas ya samu goyon bayan fitattun iyalai a Sakkwato amma Tambari ba ya son sa. Wanda ya yi fice a cikin ‘ya’yan Sarkin Musulmi Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir Adiya. === Zubar da ciki === Har zuwa Yulin shekarar 1930, dangantakar Tambari da mazauna Biritaniya ta kasance mai kyau, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 117</ref> amma a cikin Yuli 1930, zarge-zarge na rashin adalci, ba da lamuni na riba ga shugabannin gundumomi da tuntubar masu bin addinin gargajiya na Afirka an tuhume shi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Oktoba 1930, wasu mutane da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi masa zarge-zarge. <ref>Tibenderana. p. 125</ref> An bincika zargin a ƙarshen 1930 kuma Tambari ya kore. == Magana == [[Category:Sokoto Caliphate]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] hsvs5fd3960y166my5d12aiibznv7da 551864 551853 2024-12-04T19:55:30Z Mahuta 11340 551864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Muhmmadu Tambari,''' ya yi sarautar [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] daga shekara ta 1924 zuwa shekarar 1931, an cire shi a shekara ta 1931. Tambari shi ne ɗan Muhammadu Maiturare. == Rayuwa == Shugabannin khalifancin Sokoto wani ɓangare ne Larabawa, wani bangare kuma Fulani ne kamar yadda [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi ɗan Fodio]], ɗan uwan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] ya bayyana cewa danginsu Fulani ne, wani ɓangare kuma [[Larabawa]], sun ce sun fito daga Larabawa ta hanyar Uqba bn Nafi wanda Balarabe ne. Musulmin Banu Umayyawa na Kuraishawa, don haka, wani dan gidan Manzon Allah, Uqba ibn Nafi ya auri wata Bafulatani mai suna Bajjumangbu, wanda ta cikinsa ne dangin Torodbe na [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] suka fito. Halifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]] da ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Infaq al-Mansur ya yi ikirarin zuriyar Annabi Muhammad ta hanyar zuriyar kakarsa ce da ake kira Hawwa (mahaifiyar Usman ɗan Fodio), Alhaji [[Muhammadu Junaidu]], Wazirin Sokoto, masanin tarihin Fulani, ya sake jaddada ikirarin Shaihu Abdullahi. bin Fodio a wajen dangin Ɗanfodio balarabe ne kuma bafulatani ne, yayin da [[Ahmadu Bello]] a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya rubuta bayan samun ƴancin kai ya kwaikwayi da’awar Halifa Muhammadu Bello na zuriyar Larabawa ta wajen mahaifiyar Usman Ɗanfodio, labarin tarihi ya nuna cewa iyalan Shehu dan Fodio. wani ɓangare ne larabawa da kuma fulani wadanda a al’adance suka hade da Hausawa kuma ana iya kwatanta su da Larabawa Hausa-Fulani . Kafin farkon Jihadi na shekarar 1804, nau'in fulani ba shi da mahimmanci ga Torankawa (Torodbe), wallafe-wallafen nasu ya nuna rashin fahimta da suke da shi na ma'anar dangantakar Torodbe-Fulani. Sun karɓi yaren Fulbe da ɗabi'a da yawa yayin da suke riƙe da keɓantacce. Kabilar Toronkawa da farko sun dauki membobi daga kowane mataki na al'ummar Sudāni, musamman talakawa. Malaman Toronkawa sun hada da mutanen da asalinsu [[Fulani|Fula]], Wolof, Mande, [[Hausawa]] da [[Abzinawa|Berber]] . Duk da haka, sun yi magana da [[Fillanci|yaren Fula]], sun yi aure cikin iyalan Fulbe, kuma sun zama ƙwararrun malaman Fulbe. Kafin a zaɓe shi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi, Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir na Gwadabawa; Zaɓen da ya yi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi ya samu tasiri ne daga Laftanar Gwamna, William Gowers da Webster, Bature mazaunin Sakkwato. Babban dan takarar Tambari shi ne Hassan, Sarkin Barau na Dange wanda ya girmi Tambari <ref>Tibenderana, Peter K. The Making and Unmaking of the Sultan of Sokoto, Muhammadu Tambari: 1922–1931. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol 9, Issue 1.p. 104</ref> shekara goma sha daya kuma shi ne zaɓaɓɓen majalisar gargajiya ta Sakkwato karkashin jagorancin Waziri Maccido. Duk da haka, talakawa sun nuna halin ko-in-kula da zabin Tambari a kan Hassan, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 109</ref> an girmama mahaifin Tambari saboda alherinsa kuma suna fatan dansa ya zama mai kirki kamar mahaifinsa. A lokacin mulkinsa bai samu biyayya daga jami’ansa da dama ba saboda rashin goyon bayan da wasu fitattun mutane a Sakkwato suke ba shi goyon baya amma ya dogara da irin goyon bayan da Turawan Ingila suke ba shi don gudanar da ayyukansa. Tambari ya karfafa ikonsa ta hanyar kora ko neman jami’an da ba su da amana da su yi murabus, babban jami’i na farko da ya yi murabus shi ne Waziri Maccido wanda ya yi murabus a watan Satumban, 1925, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 111</ref> wasu jami’an da aka kora su ne Usman Magajin Garin na Sakkwato, da Alkali da Usman Mai Majidadi. . Ya kuma maye gurbin Maccido da Abdulkadiri a matsayin Waziri, hakan kuwa aka yi duk da cewa sabon Waziri ba daga layin [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado]] ba ne da ake girmama shi kuma duk da irin halin raini da Bature ya yi wa Abdulakdiri. Amma bayan shekaru uku da shawarar turawan Ingila ya nada Abbas a matsayin sabon Waziri, Abbas ya samu goyon bayan fitattun iyalai a Sakkwato amma Tambari ba ya son sa. Wanda ya yi fice a cikin ‘ya’yan Sarkin Musulmi Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir Adiya. === Zubar da ciki === Har zuwa Yulin shekarar 1930, dangantakar Tambari da mazauna Biritaniya ta kasance mai kyau, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 117</ref> amma a cikin Yuli 1930, zarge-zarge na rashin adalci, ba da lamuni na riba ga shugabannin gundumomi da tuntubar masu bin addinin gargajiya na Afirka an tuhume shi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Oktoba 1930, wasu mutane da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi masa zarge-zarge. <ref>Tibenderana. p. 125</ref> An bincika zargin a ƙarshen 1930 kuma Tambari ya kore. == Magana == [[Category:Sokoto Caliphate]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] qauo94uh61xr8skp6ee615ey96nmznk 551865 551864 2024-12-04T19:55:52Z Mahuta 11340 551865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Muhmmadu Tambari,''' ya yi sarautar [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] daga shekara ta 1924 zuwa shekarar 1931, an cire shi a shekara ta 1931. Tambari shi ne ɗan Muhammadu Maiturare. == Rayuwa == Shugabannin khalifancin Sokoto wani ɓangare ne Larabawa, wani bangare kuma Fulani ne kamar yadda [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi ɗan Fodio]], ɗan uwan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] ya bayyana cewa danginsu Fulani ne, wani ɓangare kuma [[Larabawa]], sun ce sun fito daga Larabawa ta hanyar Uqba bn Nafi wanda Balarabe ne. Musulmin Banu Umayyawa na Kuraishawa, don haka, wani dan gidan Manzon Allah, Uqba ibn Nafi ya auri wata Bafulatani mai suna Bajjumangbu, wanda ta cikinsa ne dangin Torodbe na [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]] suka fito. Halifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]] da ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Infaq al-Mansur ya yi ikirarin zuriyar Annabi Muhammad ta hanyar zuriyar kakarsa ce da ake kira Hawwa (mahaifiyar Usman ɗan Fodio), Alhaji [[Muhammadu Junaidu]], Wazirin Sokoto, masanin tarihin Fulani, ya sake jaddada ikirarin Shaihu Abdullahi. bin Fodio a wajen dangin Ɗanfodio balarabe ne kuma bafulatani ne, yayin da [[Ahmadu Bello]] a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya rubuta bayan samun ƴancin kai ya kwaikwayi da’awar Halifa Muhammadu Bello na zuriyar [[Larabawa]] ta wajen mahaifiyar Usman Ɗanfodio, labarin tarihi ya nuna cewa iyalan Shehu dan Fodio. wani ɓangare ne larabawa da kuma fulani wadanda a al’adance suka hade da Hausawa kuma ana iya kwatanta su da Larabawa Hausa-Fulani . Kafin farkon Jihadi na shekarar 1804, nau'in fulani ba shi da mahimmanci ga Torankawa (Torodbe), wallafe-wallafen nasu ya nuna rashin fahimta da suke da shi na ma'anar dangantakar Torodbe-Fulani. Sun karɓi yaren Fulbe da ɗabi'a da yawa yayin da suke riƙe da keɓantacce. Kabilar Toronkawa da farko sun dauki membobi daga kowane mataki na al'ummar Sudāni, musamman talakawa. Malaman Toronkawa sun hada da mutanen da asalinsu [[Fulani|Fula]], Wolof, Mande, [[Hausawa]] da [[Abzinawa|Berber]] . Duk da haka, sun yi magana da [[Fillanci|yaren Fula]], sun yi aure cikin iyalan Fulbe, kuma sun zama ƙwararrun malaman Fulbe. Kafin a zaɓe shi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi, Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir na Gwadabawa; Zaɓen da ya yi a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi ya samu tasiri ne daga Laftanar Gwamna, William Gowers da Webster, Bature mazaunin Sakkwato. Babban dan takarar Tambari shi ne Hassan, Sarkin Barau na Dange wanda ya girmi Tambari <ref>Tibenderana, Peter K. The Making and Unmaking of the Sultan of Sokoto, Muhammadu Tambari: 1922–1931. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol 9, Issue 1.p. 104</ref> shekara goma sha daya kuma shi ne zaɓaɓɓen majalisar gargajiya ta Sakkwato karkashin jagorancin Waziri Maccido. Duk da haka, talakawa sun nuna halin ko-in-kula da zabin Tambari a kan Hassan, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 109</ref> an girmama mahaifin Tambari saboda alherinsa kuma suna fatan dansa ya zama mai kirki kamar mahaifinsa. A lokacin mulkinsa bai samu biyayya daga jami’ansa da dama ba saboda rashin goyon bayan da wasu fitattun mutane a Sakkwato suke ba shi goyon baya amma ya dogara da irin goyon bayan da Turawan Ingila suke ba shi don gudanar da ayyukansa. Tambari ya karfafa ikonsa ta hanyar kora ko neman jami’an da ba su da amana da su yi murabus, babban jami’i na farko da ya yi murabus shi ne Waziri Maccido wanda ya yi murabus a watan Satumban, 1925, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 111</ref> wasu jami’an da aka kora su ne Usman Magajin Garin na Sakkwato, da Alkali da Usman Mai Majidadi. . Ya kuma maye gurbin Maccido da Abdulkadiri a matsayin Waziri, hakan kuwa aka yi duk da cewa sabon Waziri ba daga layin [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado]] ba ne da ake girmama shi kuma duk da irin halin raini da Bature ya yi wa Abdulakdiri. Amma bayan shekaru uku da shawarar turawan Ingila ya nada Abbas a matsayin sabon Waziri, Abbas ya samu goyon bayan fitattun iyalai a Sakkwato amma Tambari ba ya son sa. Wanda ya yi fice a cikin ‘ya’yan Sarkin Musulmi Tambari shi ne Sarkin Gobir Adiya. === Zubar da ciki === Har zuwa Yulin shekarar 1930, dangantakar Tambari da mazauna Biritaniya ta kasance mai kyau, <ref>Tibenderana. p. 117</ref> amma a cikin Yuli 1930, zarge-zarge na rashin adalci, ba da lamuni na riba ga shugabannin gundumomi da tuntubar masu bin addinin gargajiya na Afirka an tuhume shi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Oktoba 1930, wasu mutane da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi masa zarge-zarge. <ref>Tibenderana. p. 125</ref> An bincika zargin a ƙarshen 1930 kuma Tambari ya kore. == Magana == [[Category:Sokoto Caliphate]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] o58n3y3ca0h4uotxd3ojknkw136oaht 0 30111 551778 551132 2024-12-04T15:36:48Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Disposable_cup_waste_only_container_at_Jangseungbaegi_station_01.jpg |thumb| Disposable cup waste only container at Jangseungbaegi station]] [[Fayil:새벽일.JPG|thumb|south Korea]] [[File:An_aged_Korean_woman_pauses_in_her_search_for_salvageable_materials_among_the_ruins_of_Seoul,_Korea._-_NARA_-_531387.tif |thumb|An aged Korean woman pauses in her search for salvageable materials among the ruins of Seoul, Korea ]] [[File:Constitutional Court of Korea building.jpg|thumb|Tsaftataccen muhalli]] [[Fayil:Disposable cup waste only container at Jangseungbaegi station 01.jpg|thumb|Gudanar da Sharar Gida a Koriya ta Kudu]] [[Fayil:Disposable cup waste only container at Jangseungbaegi station 01.jpg|thumb|Gudanar da Sharar Gida a Koriya ta Kudu]] '''Gudanar da sharar gida a [[Koriya ta Kudu]]''', ya kunshi rage samar da [[Shara|shara,]] da tabbatar da iyakar sake yin amfani da sharar. Wannan ya haɗa da dacewa da magani, jigilar kaya, da zubar da sharar da aka tattara. An kafa dokar sarrafa shara ta Koriya ta Kudu a cikin shekara ta 1986, ta maye gurbin Dokar Kare Muhalli (1963), da Dokar Tsabtace da Tsaftacewa (1973). Wannan sabuwar dokar da nufin rage sharar gida gaba daya a karkashin tsarin sharar gida (ko 'R's uku) a Koriya ta Kudu. Wannan Dokar Gudanar da Sharar ta dora tsarin biyan kudin sharar girma, mai tasiri ga sharar da ayyukan gida da masana'antu ke samarwa (ko [[Datti da sharar gida|kakkarfan sharar gari]]). Dokar Kula da Sharar ta fara tsara magudanan shara ta hanyar ka'idoji na asali a cikin ayyukan sarrafa shara, daga raguwa zuwa zubar da shara. Wannan doka ta kuma ƙarfafa sake yin amfani da kayan aiki da kiyaye albarkatu ta hanyar tsarin ajiyar kuɗi da tsarin kula da shara bayan rufewa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://wastemanagementreview.com.au/south-korea-legislates-towards-a-zero-waste-society/|title=South Korea Legislates Towards a Zero Waste Society|date=Jul 17, 2015|website=Waste Management Review}}</ref><ref name="Yang 207–217">{{Cite journal|last=Yang|first=Won-Seok|last2=Park|first2=Jun-Kyung|last3=Park|first3=Se-Won|last4=Seo|first4=Yong-Chil|date=2015-04-01|title=Past, present and future of waste management in Korea|journal=Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=207–217|doi=10.1007/s10163-014-0301-7|issn=1611-8227}}</ref>   == Gudanar da sharar gida == === Gudanar da shara mai karfi === Gwamnatin Babban Birnin Seoul (SMG) ta daidaita manufar kasa game da sarrafa shara don biyan bukatun ingantaccen tsarin zubar da shara a cikin shekara ta 1990s. Domin gamsar da jama'a, [[Seoul]] ta mayar da hankali kan manufofinta na sarrafa shara kan [[Rage shara|rage sharar]] da amfani. Tun asali, kakkarfan sharar gida ba damuwa ba ce ta muhalli a Koriya ta Kudu. Babu damuwa game da hadarin muhalli tare da yawan sharar da ake samarwa kuma ana zubar da su a kasa[[Wajen zubar da shara|ren sharar kasa]] Gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu kawai ta canza adadin ayyukan sharar gida don zubar da shara duk da yawan adadin da ake samarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a lokacin habakar tattalin Arzikin Koriya wanda ya haifar da habakar samar da datti na birni. Tsakanin 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1990, adadin dattin dattin birni da ake samarwa ya karu daga ton 12,000 zuwa tan 84,000 a kowace rana. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar batutuwan zubar da shara a Koriya ta Kudu. Karkashin sake yin amfani da su da Kara yawan samar da sharar gida sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga gurbatar muhalli . Yayin da aka dogara sosai da wuraren zubar da Kasa, kasa da ruwa sun kazantu. <ref name=":1" /> An kuma shafi ingancin iska yayin da matsugunan kasa ke taimakawa wajen fitar da iskar gas mai hadari tare da gobarar da ba a tantance ba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://susa.or.kr/en/content/solid-waste-management?ckattempt=1|title=Solid Waste Management|website=Seoul Solution|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430075712/http://susa.or.kr/en/content/solid-waste-management?ckattempt=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hong|first=Seonghoon|date=September 1999|title=The effects of unit pricing system upon household solid waste management: The Korean experience|journal=Journal of Environmental Management|volume=57|pages=1–10|doi=10.1006/jema.1999.0286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/Korea%27s%20GG%20report%20with%20OECD%20indicators.pdf|title=Korea's GG report with OECD indicators}}</ref> l<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@vinceau/dont-talk-trash-about-south-korea-s-waste-management-system-7a11e15ff0e1|title=Don't Trash Talk South Korea's Waste Management System|last=Au|first=Vincent|date=Nov 25, 2018|website=Medium}}</ref> === Gudanar da ruwa === ==== Gurbacewar ruwa ==== [[File:Korea-Andong-Nakdong_River-02.jpg|thumb| Kogin Nakdong a Koriya ta Kudu.]] Kogin Nakdong yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna a Koriya ta Kudu, babban tushen sha a lardin Gyeongsan. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, habakar yawan jama'a da habaka masana'antu a gefen kogin Nakdong sun haifar da gurbatar kogin. [[Sharar masana'antu]] da najasa, tare da magudanar ruwa a birane da noma, sun haifar da tabarbarewar kogin. A ranar 1 ga Maris na shekara ta 2008, fashewar masana'antar sinadarai ta haifar da kwararar phenol a cikin kogin Nakdong. Lamarin ya haifar da [[Dafi|kwararar abubuwa masu guba]], wanda ke haifar da babbar damuwa ga lafiyar jama'a. Hakazalika gwajin da aka yi ya nuna cewa formaldehyde shi ma ya zubo a cikin kogin, amma an tabbatar da cewa an narke abubuwa masu cutarwa yayin da adadin ruwan da ake fitarwa ya karu. Wannan shi ne karo na biyu da kogin ke kamuwa da phenol. A cikin shekara ta 1991, digon phenol ya faru ne sakamakon fashewar bututun da ke karkashin kasa, wanda ya zubo zallar phenol a cikin kogin. Wannan mummunan yabo ya sa ruwan ba ya sha. A baya dai Koriya ta Kudu ta yi sakaci game da zubar da sharar da ta ke yi a cikin ruwa da iska, kuma jaridar Korea Times ta kuma gano yadda masana'antu guda 343 ke zubar da shara marasa guba a bakin kogin Nakdong. Halin ruwa da sauri ya zama fifiko, kuma ingancin ruwa ya inganta sannu a hankali tare da shigar da tsire-tsire na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Seok Soon|last2=Lee|first2=Yong Seok|date=June 2007|title=A water quality modeling study of the Nakdong River, Korea|journal=Ecological Modelling|volume=152|issue=1|pages=65–75|doi=10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00489-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Ki-Hyun|last2=Heo|first2=Woo-Myung|last3=Kim|first3=Bomchul|date=1998-02-01|title=Spatial and Temporal Variabilities in Nitrogen and Phosphorous (sic) in the Nakdong River System, Korea|journal=Water, Air, and Soil Pollution|language=en|volume=102|issue=1|pages=37–60|doi=10.1023/A:1004973616860|issn=1573-2932}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2887217|title=The government tests the water, but ecologists say more must be done.|last=Ser|first=Myo-ja|date=Mar 11, 2008|website=Korea JoongAng Daily}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/business/chemical-leak-in-korea-brings-forth-a-new-era.html|title=Chemical Leak in Korea Brings Forth a New Era|last=Sanger|first=David E.|date=1991-04-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180712100519.htm|title=South Korea's polluted river basin|date=July 12, 2018|website=Science Daily}}</ref> ==== Maganin ruwa ====   [[File:ARISU-SEOUL.svg|thumb| An tsara tambarin Arisu tare da digon ruwa.]] Arisu masana'antar sarrafa ruwa ce da aka samu a Seoul. An sanya shi azaman amintaccen ruwan famfo ga jama'ar Seoul. Arisu yana samo ruwansa daga kogin Han, kuma yana yin gwajin ruwa da yawa don tabbatar da ingancin ruwan sha kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta ba da shawarar. Abubuwan da aka gwada sun haɗa da chlorine, ƙarfe, da jan karfe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arisu.seoul.go.kr/sudo_eng/sub/arisu/arisu01.jsp|title=Arisu is - Arisu - Seoul's tap water, Arisu - The Office Of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government|website=arisu.seoul.go.kr|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://susa.or.kr/en/content/water-management|title=Water Management|website=Seoul Urban Solution Agency|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103132914/http://susa.or.kr/en/content/water-management|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Seoul-Tap-Water-Arisu-English1.pdf|title=Seoul Tap Water Arisu|website=Seoul Metropolitan Government}}</ref> Arisu kuma yana sarrafa adadin ruwa a tsari, kuma yana sarrafa ingancin ruwa a cibiyoyin tsarkakewa. Baya ga haka, Gwamnatin Babban Birnin Seoul tana sarrafa masana'antar sarrafa ruwa da Cibiyoyin Kula da Najasa don tabbatar da ingancin ruwa. <ref name=":0" /> === Tsarin kudin sharar kima na tushen ƙara === Gwamnatin Koriya ta aiwatar da tsarin kudin sharar kima (VBWF) a cikin shekara t 1995. Anyi hakan ne a kokarin rage sharar gida da karfafa sake yin amfani da su a tsakanin Yan kasa. Ana tattara sharar gari a cikin jakunkuna na roba, kuma ana raba abubuwan da za a sake amfani da su kuma ana jera su a cikin kwandon sake amfani da su. Duk abubuwan da ake zubarwa, ban da na sake yin amfani da su, manyan abubuwa, da briquettes na kwal, ana zubar dasu bisa ga tsarin VBWF. Ana auna abubuwa da jakunkuna masu girman girma daban-daban, sannan ana cajin 'yan ƙasa bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seoulsolution.kr/en/content/6326|title=Volume Based Waste Fee(VBMF) System for Municipal Solid Waste|last=Yu|first=Ki-Yeong|website=Seoul Solution}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/municipal-solid-waste-management|title=Municipal Solid Waste Management|last=Yoo|first=Kee-Young|website=Seoul Solution|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051338/https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/municipal-solid-waste-management|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shekaru goma bayan gabatarwa da aiwatar da tsarin VBWF, an rage yawan samar da sharar gida, kuma adadin sake amfani da su ya inganta sosai. Sanin jama'a game da muhalli ya ƙaru kuma fasahar sake amfani da su ta inganta. An gabatar da jakunkuna masu lalacewa, kuma an rage yawan marufi na kayayyakin. Abubuwan da aka sake cikawa yanzu an fi son su rage habakar sharar gida. Tsarin VBWF ya Kara sha'awar 'yan kasar Koriya ta sake yin amfani da su, wanda ke haifar da raguwar nauyi akan ƙonewa ko zubar da Kasa. == Sake amfani da su a Koriya ta Kudu == [[File:Recycling_bins_at_Busan,_South_Korea.jpg|thumb| Akwatunan sake amfani da su a Koriya.]] Jongnyangje ( Hangul : 종량제) tsari ne na sarrafa shara don ingantaccen tattarawa da sake amfani da sharar gida da albarkatu a Koriya ta Kudu. Dole ne a raba duk sharar zuwa sharar gabadaya, sharar abinci, abubuwan da za a iya sake sarrafa su, ko manyan abubuwa. Kayayyaki masu girma sun kunshi sharar da suka yi girma da yawa ba za su iya shiga cikin buhunan da aka fitar ba, kamar kayan daki, kayan lantarki, da kayan ofis. Wadannan manyan abubuwa suna buƙatar lambobi na musamman wadanda ake iya samu daga ofisoshin gunduma. Sake yin amfani da shi ya zama dole a Koriya ta Kudu, kuma ana rarraba abubuwan da za a sake amfani da su bisa ga nau'in kayan aiki, daga takarda zuwa robobi. [[File:Q18919_food_waste_box_A01.jpg|thumb| Wuraren tattara sharar abinci a Koriya ta Kudu.]] Ana tattara sharar abinci dabam daga sharar gida a cikin jakunkuna na musamman. Wadannan jakunkuna na zubar da abinci ana kiransu da ''eumsingmul sseuregi bongtu'' ( Hangul : 음식물 쓰레기 봉투 ), kuma farashin waɗannan jakunkunan sun bambanta da girma da gundumomi. Sannan ana cajin kudaden kowane wata dangane da adadin abincin da aka batar ga kowane gida, ana kunna ta ta katin shaidar Mitar Rediyo ( RFD ). Baya ga cajin kudaden almubazzaranci da abinci, Koriya ta Kudu ta kuma rage sharar abinci ta hanyar sake sarrafa abincin da aka tattara zuwa abincin dabbobi. Tun lokacin da gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta hana zubar da sharar abinci a wuraren sharar gida a shekara ta 2005 tare da aiwatar da sake amfani da sharar abinci a shekarar 2013, adadin sharar abincin da ake sake sarrafa ya karu sosai. <ref name=":3" /> Ana karfafa 'yan kasa su hada da abin da dabbobi za su iya ci kawai a cikin waɗannan jakunkuna na zubar da abinci; kasusuwa, ramukan 'ya'yan itatuwa, da tsaba, don haka ba za a iya la'akari da sharar abinci ba. Sharar da aka tattara sai a bushe sannan a mayar da ita zuwa abincin da ya dace da cin dabba. Wasu sharar abinci sai a mayar da su taki ko takin abinci a maimakon haka, bayan an gama sarrafa shi kuma an cire duk danshi. Wannan fermented abinci sharar taki zabi ne na muhalli da kuma kwayoyin zabin a cikin [[Noma|noman]] amfanin gona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nextshark.com/south-korea-reduced-food-waste-300-tons-day/|title=How South Korea Reduced Food Waste By 300 TONS a Day|last=Samson|first=Carl|date=June 26, 2017|website=NextShark}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/south-korea-recycling-food-waste/|title=South Korea once recycled 2% of its food waste. Now it recycles 95%|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmwaste.com.au/australia-rank-recycling-efforts-can-learn/|title=Where Does Australia Rank For Recycling Efforts and What Can We Learn|date=2018-05-03|website=WM Waste Management Services|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-05-02|archive-date=2019-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502100502/https://www.wmwaste.com.au/australia-rank-recycling-efforts-can-learn/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/south-koreas-food-waste-reduction-plans-feature-urban/story?id=62480905|title=South Korea's food waste reduction plans feature urban farming and modern garbage bins|last=Cho|first=Joohee|date=April 20, 2019|website=abc News}}</ref> === Sharar gida === Koriya ta Kudu ita ce ta biyu a matsayi na gaba wajen samar da sharar gida a duniya, inda 'yan Koriya ta Kudu ke amfani da matsakaita na buhunan roba 420 a duk shekara. Domin tinkarar hakan, Koriya ta Kudu ta haramta duk wani buhunan robobi da ake amfani da su guda daya a manyan kantuna. Za a bayar da wasu Zabubbuka kamar jakunkuna na takarda, buhunan siyayya masu amfani da yawa ko kwantena da za a iya sake yin amfani da su a maimakon haka, kuma za a ba da kudin ribar don zubar da shara. An bullo da wannan doka ne da nufin kawo karshen sharar da ba za a iya lalacewa ba a duniya, da kuma sarrafa da adana albarkatun kasa da kuma sharar da za a iya sake sarrafa su. Wannan matakin kuma ya samo asali ne sakamakon wata doka da aka yi wa kwaskwarima kan kiyaye albarkatu, da sake amfani da sharar da za a iya sake sarrafa su. An aiwatar da dokar ne biyo bayan rikicin kula da sharar leda bayan [[Sin|China]] ta hana shigo da datti. Wannan rikicin sharar ya sa kamfanonin sake yin amfani da su na Koriya ta Kudu daina tattara datti saboda asarar kudi da suka yi sakamakon raguwar farashin robobi. Wannan ya haifar da sharar robobi da aka bar a kan tituna tsawon makonni. An tilastawa gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta fito da wasu hanyoyin da za su dorewa don sarrafa sharar robobi maimakon jigilar su zuwa ketare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2180247/south-korea-scraps-disposable-plastic-bags-after-waste-crisis|title=South Korea bans plastic bags but will it solve the waste crisis?|date=2019-01-01|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2180247/south-korea-scraps-disposable-plastic-bags-after-waste-crisis|title=South Korea bans plastic bags but will it solve the waste crisis?|date=2019-01-01|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/plastic-pollution-south-korea-shopping-bag-ban-a8707101.html|title=South Korea bans single-use plastic bags|date=2019-01-01|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> === e-sharar gida === e-sharar gida (ko sharar lantarki) ya haɗa da na'urorin lantarki ko na lantarki ko sharar gida. Sarrafa e-sharar gida ko sharar kayan wuta da lantarki (WEEE) babban abin damuwa ne saboda girman rafin da ke tattare da shi, da kuma sinadarai masu guba a cikin na'urorin. Sinadaran sun hada da barium, cadmium, chromium, gubar, mercury, nickel, da kuma abubuwan da ke hana harshen wuta. Na'urorin da aka jefar kamar tsofaffin kwamfutoci, wayoyin hannu, da na'urorin lantarki, na iya zubar da sinadarai masu guba idan aka barsu a wuraren da ake zubar da Kasa. Abubuwa kamar batura da wayoyin hannu suna bukatar Karin kulawa a zubar. Don hana yaduwa, gwamnatin birnin Seoul ta hada gwiwa da Cibiyar SR don tattara e-sharar gida. Birnin Seoul yana watsar da ton 10 na sharar e-sharar gida kowace shekara, tare da kashi biyar na e-sharar da ke karewa a cibiyar sake yin amfani da su ta musamman. Ana daukar na'urori dabam a cibiyar sake yin amfani da su na musamman, inda za'a iya fitar da karfe masu mahimmanci kamar zinariya, jan karfe, ko albarkatun da ba kasafai ba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-korea-launches-initiative-recycle-ewaste/2497782.html|title=South Korea Launches Initiative to Recycle More E-Waste|website=VOA|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> Yawancin sassan duniya suna bincike kan hanyoyin da za a iya yiwuwa kuma masu dacewa da muhalli don zubar da sharar lantarki don tsarin gudanarwa na WEEE. An kafa hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su a kasashe da yawa, amma ba a kaddamar da tsarin sarrafa sharar WEEE ba a yawancin kasashe. Dangane da karuwar damuwa na sharar lantarki, an gabatar da 'Dokar Sake Amfani da Albarkatun Kayan Kayan Lantarki na Waste Electric Equipment (WEEE) da Motocin Karshen Rayuwa' a cikin shekara t 2007. Wannan aikin yana da nufin rage adadin e-sharar da ke karewa a wuraren sharar kasa da incinerators, da inganta aiki da tsawon rayuwar irin wadannan na'urorin lantarki. <ref>http://ewit.site/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Korea_Recycling_Management_Electronic_Waste-2011.pdf</ref> == Doka == === Dokar sarrafa shara === An fara gabatar da dokar sarrafa shara a cikin shekara ta 1986. Ya ba da tsarin cewa sarrafa sharar ba kawai game da tsarewa ba ne, amma rage sharar kuma. Tun da aka gabatar da shi a cikin shekara ta 1986, akwai Karin al'adar sarrafa sharar gida da hade-hade a Koriya ta Kudu. Gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta kuma ba da tallafin kudade don inganta wannan hanyar sarrafa sharar gida. Ya rufe dukkan magudanan ruwa, daga sharar gida zuwa taki, sharar [[Tarkacen sharar gida|gine-gine da rushewa]], da sharar da ke yaduwa. A cikin shekara ta 1991, Dokar Kula da Taki Dabbobi, Ruwan Shara da Najasa don sarrafa sharar taki daban. A cikin shekara ta 1992, an kafa dokar Ajiye Albarkatu da Inganta Sake amfani da su don daukar sharar gida a matsayin hanya. Dangane da wannan doka, an aiwatar da tsarin biyan kudin sharar karar tare da biyan kudi yayin da kuke jefa ra'ayi wanda ya ba da tallafin doka ga wadanda ke zaune kusa da wuraren zubar da shara. === Al'ummar da ba ta dace ba === Koriya ta Kudu tana aiki don zama al'ummar da ba ta da sharar gida, da nufin cimma kashi 3% na sharar gida da kuma kashi 87% na sake fa'ida nan da 2020. Ana shirin tsawaita wannan amincewa har zuwa shekara ta 2025 saboda rikice-rikice da koma baya tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. === Manufar sharar gida-da-makamashi === Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Koriya ta Kudu (MOE) ta inganta manufofin sharar gida da makamashi don habaka kimar dogaro da kai na Koriya ta Kudu. Manufar ita ce rage tsadar sharar da ake kashewa ta hanyar konawa da kuma zubar da shara. Don samar da wutar lantarki, man fetur, da dumama, ana amfani da iskar gas, tarkacen itace, sharar gida, da sauran sharar gida don jujjuya makamashi. Samar da makamashi ta hanyar sharar gida yana da 10% mai rahusa fiye da hasken rana, kuma 66% mai rahusa fiye da wutar lantarki Wannan ya tabbatar da ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta samar da makamashi. A cikin 2012, kawai 3.18% na sabbin makamashi da sabuntawa aka samar, amma gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu na fatan Kara yawan kashi zuwa 20% nan da 2050. == Kalubalen kwanan nan == Kasar Sin ta kasance wurin zubar da robobi a duniya tsawon lokaci. A cikin shekara ta 1990, kasar Sin ta ga robobin da aka jefar a matsayin riba, kuma Sinawa sun sake kirkiro robobin zuwa kananan guda, da za a iya fitar da su daga waje. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai rahusa ga kasashe su fitar da robobin su zuwa China fiye da jefar da kansu. A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2017, kasar Sin ta daina karbar gurbataccen robobi. Wannan robobin da aka ki ya zama makwabta kamar Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, da Koriya ta Kudu. Yanzu, kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya sun fara kin wannan sharar su ma. A watan Agustan 2018, Vietnam ta gabatar da tsauraran takunkumi kan shigo da tarkacen filastik. Kasar Thailand ta bi sahun kasar, inda ta sanar da haramta amfani da na'urorin lantarki. A watan Oktoban shekara ta 2018, Malesiya ta kuma ba da sanarwar hana shigo da tarkacen leda. A farkon watan Janairun shekara ta 2019, Philippines ta yi watsi da tan 1,200 na sharar Koriya ta Kudu da ake ganin ba za a sake yin amfani da su ba. An mayar da shi Koriya ta Kudu a cikin kwantena guda 51 cike da shara. Bugu da kari, an gano ton 5,100 na sharar Koriya ta Kudu da Philippines ta shigo da su ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wannan sharar ta kunshi batura, kwararan fitila, bututun dextrose da aka yi amfani da su, kayan lantarki da nappies. Koriya ta Kudu da Philippines na tattaunawa kan yadda ya kamata a maido da sharar gida. == Manazarta == [[Category:Dokoki]] [[Category:Dokar Najeriya]] [[Category:Doka]] [[Category:Hakkin Dan Adam]] [[Category:Hakkoki]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n3ow0lqcmtev8gfgez98nbaaun7dvak 0 30336 551902 503089 2024-12-04T20:22:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Akosua a.jpg|thumb|Maigabatardah wasani]] '''Akosua Addai Amoo''' (an haifeta ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 1990) mai gabatar da wasannin ce a Ghana , kuma mai ba da rahoto kuma mai gabatarwa, wacce ta taba yin aiki a Metro TV Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|last=llc|first=Online media Ghana|title=Akosua Addai Amoo Tips Ghanaian Athletes To Shine :: Ghana Olympic Committee|url=http://ghanaolympic.org/?item=6084|access-date=2021-01-16|website=ghanaolympic.org|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghana|first=News|date=2019-10-23|title=Sports Journalist Akosua Addai Amoo Analyses GFA Presidential Debate|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/sports-journalist-akosua-addai-amoo-analyses-gfa-presidential-debate/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=News Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2019/08/sports-journalist-akosua-addai-amoo-selected-for-aips-training-african-games-coverage-in-morocco/|title=Sports journalist Akosua Addai Amoo selected for AIPS training & African Games coverage in Morocco {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Starrfmonline|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> Akosua Addai Amoo ita ma ta kasance mai gabatar da shirin wasanni a ''Sports World'' ta Metro TV.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Ofori|first=Evans|date=2017-04-06|title=Akosua Addai Amoo is the host of Metro TV’s "Sports World"|url=https://mediafillasgh.com/akosua-addai-amoo-is-the-host-of-metro-tvs-sports-world/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Mediafillasgh.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.citifmonline.com/2015/10/23/amoo-its-now-or-never-for-black-queens/|title=AMOO: It's now or never for Black Queens - Citi Sport|first=Nathan|last=Quao|website=citifmonline.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811223331/http://sport.citifmonline.com/2015/10/23/amoo-its-now-or-never-for-black-queens/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita 'yar jarida ce mai zaman kanta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-25|title=Princella Adubea: Black Princesses’ own Number 12|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2018/07/25/princella-adubea-black-princesses-own-number-12/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Citi Sports Online|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-17|title=GWPL Matchday 5: Berekisu goes home, ‘Team nu a sεti’ , the Rat Race|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2020/02/17/gwpl-matchday-5-berekisu-goes-home-team-nu-a-s%ce%b5ti-the-rat-race/|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Citi Sports Online|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Akosua a.jpg|thumb|Akosua Addai Amoo]] An haifi Akosua a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 1990 a Accra babban birnin Ghana. Ta halarci Kiddy Gram Montessori kuma na firamare da karamar sakandare Alsyd Academy. Bayan jarrabawar da ta yi na shedar ilimi ta asali ta sami gurbin shiga makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Wesley.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Akosua tana da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Ghana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Aiki == === 2010–2017, Metro TV === Akosua ta fara aikin watsa shirye-shiryen wasanni tun tana da shekaru 19 a shekara ta 2010 kafin ta samu gurbin shiga Jami'ar Ghana. Ta shiga cikin gidan telebijin na Metro kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar samarwa ga TV ta 2010 FIFA World Cup. Akosua ta fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin mai sharhi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 a watan Yuli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobile.ghanasoccernet.com/feature-can-this-black-princesses-team-break-the-jinx|title=FEATURE: Can this Black Princesses team break the jinx?|website=social_image|accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref> Lokacin da ta kammala Jami'ar Ghana a 2014, Akosua ta yi aiki a gidan talabijin na Metro na tsawon shekara guda a matsayin ma'aikaciyar bautar kasa a sashin wasanni. Ayyukanta a wurin aiki sun haɗa da gabatar da Labaran wasanni a kullum, shirya wasannin motsa jiki da kuma ba da labarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a Ghana. Bayan hidimar Akosua ta sami aiki ta Metro TV. Ta dauki nauyin shirin ''Sports World''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radioandtvgh.com/2017/03/13/akosua-addai-amoo-host-metro-tvs-sports-world/|title=Akosua Addai Amoo is host of Metro TV's "Sports World"|date=13 March 2017|website=radioandtvgh.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811223614/http://radioandtvgh.com/2017/03/13/akosua-addai-amoo-host-metro-tvs-sports-world/|archive-date=11 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Gidan Talabijin na Metro TV wanda ke sake duba labaran wasanni na yau da kullun tare da haskaka labaran Mata a Wasanni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/February-8th/amoo-bits-and-bobs-from-sundays-super-cup-clash-in-accra.php|title=AMOO: Bits and bobs from Sunday's Super Cup clash in Accra - MyJoyOnline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811222357/http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/February-8th/amoo-bits-and-bobs-from-sundays-super-cup-clash-in-accra.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2017 Amoo ya yi murabus daga tashar da ke Labone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://radioandtvgh.com/2017/09/27/sports-journalist-akosua-addai-amoo-quits-metro-tv/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927202357/http://radioandtvgh.com/2017/09/27/sports-journalist-akosua-addai-amoo-quits-metro-tv/|archive-date=2017-09-27|access-date=2017-09-27}}</ref> === 2017- Mai zaman kansa === Akosua ta yi aiki don haɓaka wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a Ghana kuma tana yin wasan mako-mako don buga gasar lig ɗin mata da ba ta da kyau a wurin. Marubuciya ce ta wasanni tare da labaran da aka buga a wasu kantunan kan layi ciki<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/features/opinion-the-ugly-truth-about-womens-football-in-ghana-id4888643.html?ajax=true|title=Opinion: The Ugly Truth about women"s football in Ghana|first=Pulse|last=Staff|website=pulse.com.gh|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811223155/http://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/features/opinion-the-ugly-truth-about-womens-football-in-ghana-id4888643.html?ajax=true|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://enewsgh.com/2017/01/23/time-black-stars-reward-ghanaians-metro-tvs-akosua-addai-amoo-writes/|title=It's Time for Black Stars to Reward Ghanaians – Metro Tv's Akosua Addai Amoo WRITES|first=EnewsGH|last=Staff|date=23 January 2017|website=enewsgh.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812021254/https://enewsgh.com/2017/01/23/time-black-stars-reward-ghanaians-metro-tvs-akosua-addai-amoo-writes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> har da tashar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya Goal.com. A shekarar 2019, ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan jarida bakwai da kungiyar 'yan jaridu ta kasa da kasa (AIPS) ta zaba, don horar da su da kuma daukar nauyin wasannin Afirka na 2019 a Rabat.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1990]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] qpd2sdgka1wo51l9z5qy3u27rwfxrmj 0 30369 551713 503061 2024-12-04T14:01:24Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Betty Mould-Iddrisu.jpg|thumb|betty mould]] [[Fayil:Betty Mould-Iddrisu.jpg|thumb|Betty Mould-Iddrisu]] '''Betty Mould-Iddrisu''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1953<ref>{{Cite web|title=Betty Mould-Iddrisu {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/2925/Betty_Mould-Iddrisu|access-date=2021-02-05|website=www.africa-confidential.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Ghana.htm Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership: The Republic of Ghana]</ref>) lauya ce kuma ƴar siyasa, ƴar Ghana. Ta kasance ministar ilimi a Ghana.<ref name="2011 reshuffle">{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=200624|title=Cabinet reshuffle: Zita dropped, Betty for education|accessdate=2011-02-07|date=2011-01-04|publisher=Ghana Home Page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Betty Mould Iddrisu, Republic of Ghana: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/16408967|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> Shigarta ta farko kai tsaye a gwamnatin Ghana ita ce babban mai shari'a kuma ministar shari'a ta Ghana tun daga shekarar, 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-woman-Attorney-General-Sworn-In-158328|title=First woman Attorney-General Sworn In|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NDC women were pleasantly stunned with Mahama's choice of Naana Opoku-Agyeman - Betty Mould-Iddrisu - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ndc-women-were-pleasantly-stunned-with-mahamas-choice-of-naana-opoku-agyeman-betty-mould-iddrisu/|access-date=2021-02-05|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara aiki a Ghana<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=158328|title=First woman Attorney-General Sworn In|accessdate=2009-02-28|work=General News of Thursday, 26 February 2009|publisher=Ghana Home Page}}</ref>. Kafin haka, ta kasance shugabar harkokin shari'a da tsarin mulki na sakatariyar Commonwealth a Landan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theghanaianjournal.com/2008/04/10/betty-mould-iddrissu-disappointed/|title=Betty Mould Iddrissu Disappointed|accessdate=2009-02-28|author=Emmanuel K. Dogbevi|publisher=The Ghanaian Journal|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002226/http://www.theghanaianjournal.com/2008/04/10/betty-mould-iddrissu-disappointed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mould-Iddrisu dai ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda ake tunanin za su iya tsayawa takarar mataimakin shugaban kasar Ghana kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress (NDC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myzongo.com/2008/01/30/betty-mould-iddrissu-ready-to-run-with-mills/|title=Betty Mould-Iddrissu ready to run with Mills|accessdate=2009-02-28|publisher=MyZongo.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312113241/http://www.myzongo.com/2008/01/30/betty-mould-iddrissu-ready-to-run-with-mills/|archive-date=March 12, 2008}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Betty Mould-Iddrisu a ranar 22 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 1953. Ta yi karatun farko a Ghana International School kuma ta halarci Makarantar Achimota<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-14|title="I just wished he could have lived longer" - Betty Mould-Iddrisu mourns Rawlings|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/i-just-wished-he-could-have-lived-longer-betty-mould-iddrisu-mourns-rawlings/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=The Ghana Report|language=en}}</ref> da Accra Academy<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accra Academy old students launch scholarship scheme|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/accra-academy-old-students-launch-scholarship-scheme.html|access-date=2020-12-26|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> don karatun sakandare. Ta samu digirin farko a fannin shari'a (LLB) a Jami'ar Ghana, Legon tsakanin shekara ta, 1973 zuwa 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Betty Mould-Iddrisu: Ghana's first female Attorney General – Today Newspaper|url=https://www.todaygh.com/betty-mould-iddrisu-ghanas-first-female-attorney-general/|access-date=2020-07-11|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711014731/https://www.todaygh.com/betty-mould-iddrisu-ghanas-first-female-attorney-general/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ministers|url=http://www.ghanareview.com/directory/Ministers2.htm|website=ghanareview.com|publisher=Ghana Review|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> Takardun karatun ta sun hada da digiri na biyu na Masters da ta samu a shekarar, 1978 a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziki ta London. == Aiki == A shekara ta, 2003, an nada Mould-Iddrisu a matsayin Darakta na sashin shari'a da tsarin mulki na sakatariyar Commonwealth, wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ta kunshi kasashe membobi 53 da ke Landan. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ta yi fice a lokacinta a Sakatariyar sun hada da sa ido kan aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi laifuffukan kasa da kasa, da yaki da ta'addanci da kuma dokokin jin kai na kasa da kasa. Ta sa ido a kan aiwatar da shirye-shiryen Sakatariya kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, kwato kadara da kuma da'a na shari'a. Bugu da ƙari, ta aiwatar da shirye-shiryen shari'a daban-daban ta hanyar gyare-gyare na shari'a, tsara dokoki da ƙarfin ginawa a fagen shari'a a cikin Commonwealth tsakanin-st sauran.<ref name="Pioneer African Women in Law">{{Cite web|title=Pioneer African Women in Law|url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Betty-Mould-Iddrisu|access-date=2021-02-05|website=African Women in Law|language=en}}</ref> Ta ba da shawarwari ga Shugabannin Kasashe, Ministoci kuma ana yawan kiran ta da ta ba da manyan shawarwari ga gwamnatoci, 'yan siyasa da kungiyoyin farar hula. Har ila yau, tana ba da shawara ga kasashe mambobinta a fannin dokokin kasa da kasa, dokokin tsarin mulki da kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma shirya tarurrukan ministoci da manyan jami'ai. Ta jagoranci tawagar sakatariyar kungiyar masu sa ido kan zaben zuwa zaben Uganda na shekarar, 2006. Tana aiki a matsayin Babban mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga Sakatare Janar da Sakatariya. A wannan matsayi tana gudanar da ƙungiyar lauyoyi daga sassa daban-daban kuma ita ke da alhakin sarrafa kasafin kuɗin sashinta da samar da ƙarin albarkatun kasafi. Ta kuma taimaka wa Babban Sakatare da Mataimakansa guda biyu wajen gudanar da Sakatariyar kuma tana wakiltar Sakatariya a Kotuna da Kotuna. A tsakanin shekarar, 1990 zuwa 2000, a lokacin da take gudanar da ayyukanta a Sakatariyar Commonwealth da ke da hedkwata a birnin Landan, ta yi koyarwa a tsangayar shari'a ta Jami'ar Ghana, inda ta kuma buga kasidu da kasidu daban-daban kan mallakar fasaha.<ref name="Pioneer African Women in Law" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/PersonDetail.asp?personID=269|title=Moynihan Institute of global affairs -Betty Mould-Iddrisu|access-date=2010-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112022714/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/PersonDetail.asp?personID=269|archive-date=2007-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siyasa == === Babban Lauyan Ghana === An rantsar da Mould-Iddrisu a watan Fabrairu 2009 a matsayin ministan shari'a kuma babban lauyan shugaba John Evans Atta Mills, shugaban kasar Ghana. === Murabus === Mould-Iddrisu ta yi murabus daga gwamnati a watan Janairun shekara ta, 2012. Ba a bayyana dalilan ba. Wannan dai na zuwa ne kwanaki kadan bayan da shugaban kasar ya kori wanda ya gaje ta a matsayin Atoni-Janar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/general-news/10433-president-mills-relieves-attorney-general-of-his-post-|title=President Mills Relieves Attorney-General Of His Post|accessdate=25 January 2012|publisher=Ghana government|archive-date=22 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422034630/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/general-news/10433-president-mills-relieves-attorney-general-of-his-post-|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta sha fuskantar matsin lamba dangane da wata shari'a yayin da take aiki a matsayin babban mai shari'a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228421|title=Education Minister Betty Mould-Iddrisu resigns|work=General News|publisher=Ghana Home Page|accessdate=25 January 2012}}</ref> Enoch Teye Mensah ne ya gaje ta a ma’aikatar ilimi.<ref>{{cite web|title=E.T. Mensah Takes Over Education|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228426|work=General News|publisher=Ghana Home Page|accessdate=25 January 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070341/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228426|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Betty Mould-Iddrisu matar tsohon ministan tsaro Alhaji Mahama Iddrisu ce kuma kanwar Alex Mould, tsohon babban jami'in kula da harkokin man fetur na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-04|title=NDC presidential race: Betty Mould, husband support me – Iddrisu|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NDC-presidential-race-Betty-Mould-husband-support-me-Iddrisu-657388|access-date=2021-02-17|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=When The Moulds, Re-Mould Our Lives|language=en-gb|work=Modern Ghana|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/382631/when-the-moulds-re-mould-our-lives.html|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-03-09|title=When The Moulds, Re-Mould Our Lives|language=en-US|work=News Ghana|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/when-the-moulds-re-mould-our-lives/|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9ewmh4ctkewjqym2gbls9tb3bqnv0ln 0 30648 551725 508120 2024-12-04T14:15:41Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Arborescent_ferns_and_Mariposa_in_the_Paseo_Ecologico.jpg |thumb|Cuba ]] [[Fayil:Valley of Tasman River NZ 12.jpg|thumb|Bincikin lamarin muhalli]] [[Fayil:Environmental analysis handbook (IA environmentalana22unit).pdf|thumb|Amfanin binciken muhalli]] '''Binciken muhalli''' shi ne amfani da sinadarai na nazari da sauran dabaru don nazarin muhalli. Manufar wannan shi ne yawanci don saka idanu da kuma nazarin matakan gurɓata yanayi a cikin muhalli da, koguna da sauran takamaiman wurare.<ref name="Reeve">{{cite book |last1=Reeve |first1=Roger N. |title=Environmental Analysis: Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning |date=1994 |publisher=ACOL (University of Greenwich) by John Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-95134-6 }}{{page needed|date=April 2021}}</ref> Sauran dabarun nazarin muhalli sun haɗa da binciken nazarin halittu ko nazarin albarkatu, nazarin ƙasa ko gwajin ƙasa, binciken ciyayi da gano bishiya, da tsinkaye mai nisa wanda ke amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam don tantance muhalli akan ma'auni daban-daban. == Dabarun nazari == Binciken sinadarai yawanci ya ƙunshi yin samfurin wani yanki na muhalli da yin amfani da kayan aikin lab don gano nawa ne na wani mahalli da kuma manufa. Wani na iya amfani da nazarin sinadarai don tantance matakan gurɓacewa don gyarawa, ko don tabbatar da ruwan ƙasa ba shi da haɗari don a sha. Binciken nazarin halittu yawanci ya haɗa da auna yawan nau'in a cikin wani yanki don tabbatar da kuma bayanai game da yanayin halitta saboda wasu dalilai. Ana iya amfani da bincike irin wannan a ƙoƙarin fahimtar ɗimbin nau'ikan, ana iya amfani da su don duba yadda tasirin waje ke shafar yanayin halittu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Raxworthy |first1=Christopher J. |last2=Pearson |first2=Richard G. |last3=Rabibisoa |first3=Nirhy |last4=Rakotondrazafy |first4=Andry M. |last5=Ramanamanjato |first5=Jean-Baptiste |last6=Raselimanana |first6=Achille P. |last7=Wu |first7=Shenghai |last8=Nussbaum |first8=Ronald A. |last9=Stone |first9=Dáithí A. |title=Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar |journal=Global Change Biology |date=2008 |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1703–1720 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x |pmc=3597264 |bibcode=2008GCBio..14.1703R }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ojeda-Magaña |first1=B. |last2=Quintanilla Domínguez |first2=J. |last3=Ruelas |first3=R. |last4=Martín-Sotoca |first4=J. J. |last5=Tarquis |first5=A. M. |title=Pore detection in 3-D CT soil samples through an improved sub-segmentation method: Pore detection by improved sub-segmentation |journal=European Journal of Soil Science |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=66–82 |doi=10.1111/ejss.12728 |s2cid=105395766 }}</ref> Gwajin ƙasa na iya haɗawa da nazarin sinadarai, to amma galibi gwajin ƙasa ya haɗa da cire wani yanki na ƙasa don fahimtar abin da kowane Layi na ƙasa ya ƙunshi saboda wasu dalilai. Kuma Ana iya buƙatar samfuran ƙasa idan wani yana ƙayyade ko za su iya yin gini a wani wuri, ko don samar da samfurin yanki kawai. Binciken ciyayi yayi kama da binciken halittu domin mutum yana auna yawan nau'in tsiro da bishiyoyi a cikin wani yanki na musamman don ƙarin fahimtar yanayin halittu saboda wasu dalilai. Wani lokaci ana yin waɗannan don fahimtar tasirin muhalli daga abubuwan waje, ko don kawai tantance lafiyar yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=March-Salas |first1=Martí |last2=Moreno-Moya |first2=Miguel |last3=Palomar |first3=Gemma |last4=Tejero-Ibarra |first4=Pablo |last5=Haeuser |first5=Emily |last6=Pertierra |first6=Luis R. |title=An innovative vegetation survey design in Mediterranean cliffs shows evidence of higher tolerance of specialized rock plants to rock climbing activity |journal=Applied Vegetation Science |year=2018 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=289–297 |doi=10.1111/avsc.12355 |s2cid=89700469 }}</ref> Ana iya amfani da hankali mai nisa don nazarin muhalli ta hanyar ɗaukar hotuna da tauraron dan adam ya harba a cikin tsawon magudanar ruwa don tantance wuraren ma'auni daban-daban don wata manufa. Ana iya amfani da hankali mai nisa don gano amfani da ƙasa, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙayyade lalacewa daga gobarar daji, ana iya amfani da shi don tsarin yanayi da yanayin yanayi, da kuma yanayin yanayin yanayi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alvarez-Mendoza |first1=Cesar I. |last2=Teodoro |first2=Ana |last3=Ramirez-Cando |first3=Lenin |title=Spatial estimation of surface ozone concentrations in Quito Ecuador with remote sensing data, air pollution measurements and meteorological variables |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |year=2019 |volume=191 |issue=3 |pages=155 |doi=10.1007/s10661-019-7286-6 |pmid=30741362 |s2cid=73453804 }}</ref> Cigaba na baya-bayan nan a fagen ji na nesa ya kuma haifar da haɓaka na'urori masu zaman kansu don nazarin sigogin physico-chemical na muhalli ta amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poma |first1=N. |last2=Vivaldi |first2=F. |last3=Bonini |first3=A. |last4=Carbonaro |first4=N. |last5=Di Rienzo |first5=F. |last6=Melai |first6=B. |last7=Kirchhain |first7=A. |last8=Salvo |first8=P. |last9=Tognetti |first9=A. |last10=Di Francesco |first10=F. |title=Remote monitoring of seawater temperature and pH by low cost sensors |journal=Microchemical Journal |year=2019 |volume=148 |pages=248–252 |doi=10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.001 }}</ref> == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} 15l4k1oiw70j8ixls9bq7s6kk9dneyf 0 34566 552333 451013 2024-12-05T11:38:26Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 552333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Legambo,''' ( Amharic : legambo ) yanki ne a yankin Amhara, [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ana kiran wannan yanki don ɗaya daga cikin "Gidaje" ko ƙungiyoyin Wollo Amhara, waɗanda ke can.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/journalsofrevmes00isen/journalsofrevmes00isen_djvu.txt ''Journals of the Rev. Messrs. Isenberg and Krapf, Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Detailing their proceedings in the kingdom of Shoa, and journeys in other parts of Abyssinia, in the years 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842''], (London, 1843), pp. 324f</ref> Daga cikin shiyyar Debub Wollo, Legambo tana da iyaka da kudu daga Legahida da Kelala, daga kudu maso yamma da Wegde, daga yamma da Debre Sina, a arewa maso yamma da Sayint, a arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da Tenta, a arewa maso gabas da Dessie Zuria. kuma a kudu maso gabas ta [[Were Ilu (woreda)|Were Ilu]]. Garuruwan da ke cikin Legambo sun hada da Akesta da Embacheber. Tsayin wannan yanki ya kai mita 1500 zuwa 3700; Babban wuri a wannan gundumar, da kuma yankin Debub Wollo, shine Dutsen Amba Ferit, wanda ke kan iyaka da Sayint. <ref>Svein Ege, [http://www.svt.ntnu.no/ethiopia/c16xSouthW%E4loMapFull.pdf "South Shäwa 1:100,000. Topographic and administrative map of South Wälo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211033458/http://www.svt.ntnu.no/ethiopia/c16xSouthW%E4loMapFull.pdf |date=2013-12-11 }}</ref> == Alƙaluma == Bisa ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2007 da hukumar kididdiga ta kasar Habasha (CSA) ta gudanar, wannan gundumar tana da jimillar jama'a 165,026, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.93 bisa dari bisa kidayar shekarar 1994, wadanda 81,268 maza ne da mata 83,758; 7,327 ko 4.44% mazauna birane ne. Tana da fadin ƙasa kilomita murabba'i 1,017.35, Legambo tana da yawan jama'a 162.21, wanda ya zarce matsakaicin yankin na mutane 147.58 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. An kirga gidaje 39,078 a wannan gundumar, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin mutum 4.22 ga gida guda, da gidaje 37,384. Mafi yawan mazaunan musulmi ne, inda kashi 93.34% suka bayar da rahoton cewa a matsayin addininsu, yayin da kashi 6.5% na al'ummar ƙasar suka ce suna yin addinin Kiristanci na Orthodox na Habasha. Ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 1994 ta ba da rahoton jimillar yawan jama'a na wannan yanki na 158,785 a cikin gidaje 38,182, waɗanda 78,087 maza ne kuma 80,698 mata; 4,286 ko 2.7% na yawan jama'arta mazauna birni ne. Kabila mafi girma da aka ruwaito a Legambo ita ce Amhara (99.9%). An yi magana da Amharic a matsayin yaren farko da kashi 99.92%. Mafi yawan mazaunan musulmi ne, inda kashi 92.99% na al'ummar ƙasar suka ba da rahoton cewa sun yi wannan akida, yayin da kashi 6.82% na al'ummar ƙasar suka ce suna da'awar Kiristanci na Orthodox na Habasha. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Habasha]] [[Category:Gundumomi a Habasha]] mxdhvgwwnnno1t4gjq1b9z6x64ydnrr 0 34773 551996 451194 2024-12-05T04:36:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Candle Lake''' (yawan jama'a 2016 : 840) ƙauyen wurin shakatawa ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Sashin ƙidayar jama'a mai lamba 15. Yana kan gabar tafkin Candle a cikin Karamar Hukumar Paddockwood mai lamba 520 . == Tarihi == Candle Lake an haɗa shi azaman ƙauyen wurin shakatawa a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1977.<ref name=Incorporation>{{cite web | url=http://municipal.gov.sk.ca/Municipal-History/Urban-Incorporated-Dates | title=Urban Municipality Incorporations | publisher=Saskatchewan Ministry of Government Relations | accessdate=May 26, 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042810/http://municipal.gov.sk.ca/Municipal-History/Urban-Incorporated-Dates | archivedate=October 15, 2014}}</ref> == Alƙaluma == A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Candle Lake yana da yawan jama'a 1,160 da ke zaune a cikin 589 daga cikin jimlar 1,698 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canji na 38.1% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 840 . Tare da filin ƙasa na {{Convert|62.93|km2|sqmi}}, tana da yawan (population density) 18.4/km a cikin 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000247 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Saskatchewan | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016 da Statistics Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen Resort na Candle Lake ya rubuta yawan jama'a 840 da ke zaune a cikin 413 daga cikin 1,665 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 9.8% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 765. Tare da yanki na {{Convert|63.32|km2|sqmi}}, tana da yawan (population density) 13.3/km a cikin shekara ta 2016. <ref name=2016censusSKmunis>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=47 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Saskatchewan) | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 8, 2017 | accessdate=May 26, 2020}}</ref> == Gwamnati == Ƙauyen Resort na Candle Lake yana gudanar da zaɓaɓɓun majalisar karamar hukuma da kuma naɗaɗɗen mai gudanarwa wanda ke yin taro a ranar Juma'a ta biyu na kowane wata.<ref name=MDS>{{cite web | url=http://www.mds.gov.sk.ca/apps/Pub/MDS/muniDetails.aspx?cat=4&mun=1884 | title=Municipality Details: Resort Village of Candle Lake | publisher=Government of Saskatchewan | accessdate=May 28, 2020 | archive-date=February 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223100305/http://www.mds.gov.sk.ca/apps/Pub/MDS/muniDetails.aspx?cat=4&mun=1884 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Magajin gari shine Borden Wasyluk kuma mai kula da ita Heather Scott. <ref name="MDS" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin al'ummomi a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin gundumomi a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin ƙauyukan shakatawa a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin ƙauyuka a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin ƙauyukan bazara a Alberta ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Gidan yanar gizon [https://candlelake.ca/ Candle Lake] 2q1qrbiyy57as3wtu3byrx5nb02ak31 0 34893 551929 528668 2024-12-04T20:55:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Mayun shekarar 1978) ɗan majalisar dokokin Ghana ne mai wakiltar mazabar Effutu, yankin Tsakiya. Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin mamba a kwamitin tsaro da harkokin cikin gida a majalisar dokokin Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/committees?com=28|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nartey|first=Laud|date=2022-01-24|title=E-levy: Concerns on proposed rate must be addressed - Afenyo-Markin|url=https://3news.com/e-levy-concerns-on-proposed-rate-must-be-addressed-afenyo-markin/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=3NEWS|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124125554/https://3news.com/e-levy-concerns-on-proposed-rate-must-be-addressed-afenyo-markin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin shugaban masu rinjaye a [[Majalisar Ghana|majalisar dokokin Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament adjourns today|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-parliament-adjourns-today.html|access-date=2022-08-04|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Ya karanta shari'a a Jami'ar Buckingham, (LLB/mgt, 2003-2006), Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ya sami takardar shaidar lauya (2007-2009), sannan ya sami digiri na M.A a fannin siyasa da harkokin tsaro a Jami'ar. Bradford (2009-2010).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=111|title=Member of Parliament: Hon. Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin|work=Parliament of Ghana}}</ref> == Aiki == [[Fayil:Elikem N. Kuenyehia at 3 Music Awards 22 20.jpg|thumb|Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin]] Tsakanin shekara ta 1999 zuwa 2003, ɗan majalisar Effutu ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gidan waya a Ghana Post Company Limited. Har ila yau, ya yi aiki a Excel Courier Ghana Limited<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=6 February 2021|title=Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin|url=http://www.odekro.org/Profile/DetailsPDF?pdf=114|journal=Data|volume=|pages=1|via=|access-date=4 August 2022|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213171707/http://www.odekro.org/Profile/DetailsPDF?pdf=114|url-status=dead}}</ref> a matsayin Darakta tsakanin 2004 da 2011 da Mataimakin a Dehenya Chambers daga 2010 zuwa 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Alexander-Kwamina-Afenyo-Markin-2416|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> == Siyasa == A shekarar 2012, a kan tikitin jam’iyyar NPP, Afenyo-Markin ya fafata da ɗan takarar majalisar dokokin NDC, [[Mike Hammah|Mike Allen Hammah]] kuma ya yi nasara. Ya zama shugaban kamfanin Ghana Water Company Ltd (GWCL) a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Afenyo-Markin-chairs-Ghana-Water-Board-580616|title=Afenyo-Markin chairs Ghana Water Board|work=GhanaWeb|date=13 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexander Afenyo-Markin, Ghana Water Co Ltd: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/21276889|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> Ana zarginsa da hannu a cikin kusan durkushewar GWCL da wasu almundahana,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/alexander-kwamena-afenyo-markin-a-classic-paradox-part-ii/|title=Alexander Kwamena Afenyo-Markin: A Classic Paradox. Part II|author=Ike Dzokpo|date=14 June 2019|work=News Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Trapped-Afenyo-Markin-to-spill-beans-384888|title=Trapped Afenyo-Markin tp spill beans|work=GhanaWeb|date=30 September 2015}}</ref> inda ya shigar da kara a kotu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-am-in-danger-of-losing-clients-over-defamatory-articles-Afenyo-Markin-runs-to-court-780489|title=I am in danger of losing clients over defamatory articles - Afenyo-Markin runs to court|work=GhanaWeb|date=12 September 2019}}</ref> Ya kasance a kwamitin tsaro da kwamitin kudi na cikin gida a majalisar dokokin Ghana.<ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 2021, an rantsar da Afenyo-Markin tare da [[Abdul-Aziz Ayaba Musah]], [[Johnson Kwaku Adu]], [[Laadi Ayii Ayamba]] da [[Emmanuel Kwasi Bedzrah]] yayin babban zama na 2021 na majalisar ECOWAS wanda ya faru a Freetown a ƙasar Saliyo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=author|last2=ANAETO|first2=Fred|date=2021-03-29|title=1st Extraordinary Session 2021 of ECOWAS Parliament: Adoption of the Strategic Plan (2020-2024) as the first priority.|url=https://parl.ecowas.int/2021-first-extraordinary-session-of-the-ecowas-parliament-adoption-of-the-strategic-plan-2020-2024-priority-among-other-events/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=ECOWAS Parliament Website|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka/Ƙaddamarwa == === Malami Daya, Laptop Daya === An kaddamar da shirin na malami daya, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka daya ne a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2018, yayin bayar da gudummawar kwamfyutoci 100 ga malamai a cikin Effutuman a cocin Ebenezer Methodist da ke Winneba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mornah|first=Kennedy|date=2018-10-13|title=CR: Afenyo Markin rescues teachers in Effutu, launches 50, 000 cedi scholarship fund and donates 100 laptops to them|url=https://bestnewsgh.com/cr-afenyo-markin-rescues-teachers-in-effutu-launches-50-000-cedi-scholarship-fund-and-donates-100-laptops-to-them/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=BestNewsGH.com {{!}} Compelling News on the go 24/7 All sides all angles|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MP for Effutu donates Laptop computers to teachers|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/1098ee4-5689-4f08-91|access-date=2021-02-07|website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> A cikin Janairu, 2021, sabbin malamai 40 da aka buga sun karɓi kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka don haɓaka koyarwa da koyo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=Central Region MP Donates Laptops To All Newly Posted Teachers.|url=https://legitnewsroom.com/central-region-mp-donates-laptops-to-all-newly-posted-teachers/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=Legit Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218135641/https://legitnewsroom.com/central-region-mp-donates-laptops-to-all-newly-posted-teachers/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MP donates HP laptops to newly posted teachers - EducationWeb|url=https://educationweb.com.gh/ghana/mp-newly-posted-teachers/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=educationweb.com.gh|language=en-US}}</ref> Ta wannan shiri an bayar da tallafin kwamfutoci kusan 1000 ga malaman makarantu masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati a mazabar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-22|title=Afenyo-Markins Donates Laptops to Teachers in Effutu {{!}} TopNews Ghana|url=https://topnewsgh.com/2019/08/22/afenyo-markins-donates-laptops-to-teachers-in-effutu/|access-date=2021-02-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228130413/https://topnewsgh.com/2019/08/22/afenyo-markins-donates-laptops-to-teachers-in-effutu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-07|title=Afenyo-Markin to sponsor private school teachers’ training on new curriculum|url=https://www.theghanaianpost.com/2019/09/07/afenyo-markin-to-sponsor-private-school-teachers-training-on-new-curriculum/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=TheGhanaianPost.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Afenyo-Markin to sponsor private school teachers’ training on new curriculum|url=https://www.theghanaianpost.com/2019/09/07/afenyo-markin-to-sponsor-private-school-teachers-training-on-new-curriculum/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Mafarkin Effutu === Mafarkin Effutu an fara shi ne a watan Fabrairun 2020 don inganta al'adun Effutuman wanda zai haifar da jin daɗin zama a tsakanin matasa a mazaɓar ta. Wannan kuma ya mayar da hankali ne kan inganta abubuwan da suka samu. Mafarkin na da nufin sanya sunan mazaɓar Effutu don jawo hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido da masu zuba jari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-03|title=Effutu Dream launched|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Effutu-Dream-launched-884233|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> An ƙirƙiro wannan shiri ne a wani taro mai taken "Gaskiyar Mafarkin Effutu; Matsayin Matasan Effutu".<ref>{{Cite web|last=eveningmailgh|date=2019-06-19|title=MP FOR EFFUTU DONATES 50 SEWING MACHINES TO CHURCHES IN WINNEBA|url=https://eveningmailgh.com/index.php/2019/06/19/mp-for-effutu-donates-50-sewing-machines-to-churches-in-winneba/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=The Evening Mail|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214054438/https://eveningmailgh.com/index.php/2019/06/19/mp-for-effutu-donates-50-sewing-machines-to-churches-in-winneba/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Kelvin|date=2020-03-02|title=Effutu MP Makes Case For Fishermen|url=https://www.247acemedia.com/effutu-mp-makes-case-for-fishermen/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=247acemedia|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214054220/https://www.247acemedia.com/effutu-mp-makes-case-for-fishermen/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-02|title=Afenyo Markin launches ‘Efutu Dream’ at 1st youth conference|url=https://crystalupdate.com/afenyo-markin-launches-efutu-dream-at-1st-youth-conference/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Crystal Updates|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-28|title=We Can Achieve Our Goals With Hardwork -Afenyo-Markin|url=https://www.omanfm1071.com/we-can-achieve-our-goals-with-hardwork-afenyo-markin/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Oman 107.1 FM|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-28|title=We can achieve our goals with hardwork – Afenyo-Markin|url=https://myinfo.com.gh/2020/02/we-can-achieve-our-goals-with-hardwork-afenyo-markin/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=myinfo.com.gh|language=en-GB|archive-date=2023-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502092650/https://myinfo.com.gh/2020/02/we-can-achieve-our-goals-with-hardwork-afenyo-markin/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=The Alexander Kwamena Afenyo-Markin Effect Was On Display In Effutu When President Akufo-Addo Visited Winneba|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202011/433401.php|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=We Can Achieve Our Goals With Hardwork - Afenyo-Markin|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202002/402100.php|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Correspondent|first=News|date=2020-03-03|title=Afenyo-Markin Tells Effutu Youth To Believe In Effutu Dream|url=https://ghanaportal.net/news/general/afenyo-markin-tells-effutu-youth-to-believe-in-effutu-dream/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Ghana News Portal|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Ayyukan Laburare 14 ==== A wani bangare na bayar da ilimi mai inganci a mazaɓar, an gina dakunan karatu 14 don ba da damar al'adun karatu a tsakanin matasa. An gina dakunan karatu guda 14 a ƙarƙashin wannan shiri.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agency|first=Ghana News|date=2020-08-27|title=Alex Afenyo-Markin builds Library for Effutu Essuekyir|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/alex-afenyo-markin-builds-library-for-effutu-essuekyir/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=News Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Aikin Itacen Royal Palm ==== A ranar 7 ga Maris 2020, Afenyo-Markin ta dasa itatuwan dabino na Royal a babban birnin Winneba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=adorfo|date=2020-03-08|title=Effutu MP lead constituents to plant trees in Winneba|url=https://www.sokynewsgh.com/general-news/2020/03/08/effutu-mp-lead-constituents-to-plant-trees-in-winneba|access-date=2021-02-06|website=SOKY NEWS|language=en-GB|archive-date=2023-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502122533/https://www.sokynewsgh.com/general-news/2020/03/08/effutu-mp-lead-constituents-to-plant-trees-in-winneba|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=joydaddymultimedia|date=2020-03-08|title=Afenyo-Markin Lead Constituents to Plant Trees as Part of Effutu Dream Project|url=https://mybrytfmonline.com/afenyo-markin-lead-constituents-to-plant-trees-as-part-of-effutu-dream-project/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Bryt FM|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Afenyo-Markin ya auri Dianne Markin kuma suna da yara.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-04|title=My wife now calls me 'Mr. E-levy' - Afenyo-Markin|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/My-wife-now-calls-me-Mr-E-levy-Afenyo-Markin-1506653|access-date=2022-08-04|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=2023-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502121027/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/My-wife-now-calls-me-Mr-E-levy-Afenyo-Markin-1506653|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana buga wasan tennis da golf.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HON. ALEXANDER KWAMENA AFENYO-MARKIN – GWCL – Welcome|url=https://www.gwcl.com.gh/hon-alexander-kwamena-afenyo-markin/|access-date=2022-08-04|language=en-US}}</ref> Shi memba ne na ’yan uwa da ake kira Freemason.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-28|title=I’m a Freemason – Afenyo Markin|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-m-a-Freemason-Afenyo-Markin-434588|access-date=2022-08-04|website=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] polsahikm3mfjnow1yxuxbw0lxf5pdu 0 35879 551756 457936 2024-12-04T14:42:31Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Stephen Amoah.jpg|thumb|hoton stephen]] [[Fayil:Stephen Amoah.jpg|thumb|Stephen Amoah]] '''Stephen Amoah''' (wanda aka fi sani da Sticka)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-09|title=Arrest Warrant For Stephen Amoah, Nhyiaeso MP|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/arrest-warrant-for-stephen-amoah-nhyiaeso-mp/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Ghana ne wanda memba ne a New Patriotic Party (NPP).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=Nhyiaeso NPP Polling Station Executives, Opinion Leaders bear red teeth at Nyiaeso MP….Say "we know Sticka not Kankam" > News Times GH|url=https://newstimesgh.com/nhyiaeso-npp-polling-station-executives-opinion-leaders-bear-red-teeth-at-nyiaeso-mp-say-we-know-sticka-not-kankam/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=News Times GH|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213160854/https://newstimesgh.com/nhyiaeso-npp-polling-station-executives-opinion-leaders-bear-red-teeth-at-nyiaeso-mp-say-we-know-sticka-not-kankam/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Frimpong|first=Enoch Darfah|date=20 June 2020|title=Stephen Amoah defeats incumbent Kennedy Kankam at Nhyiaeso|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/stephen-amoah-defeats-kennedy-kankam-at-nhyiaeso.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-26|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Shi ne dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Nhyiaeso.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Nhyiaeso Summary - 2020 Elections|url=https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2020/result_constituency.asp?constituency_id=1516|access-date=2020-12-26|website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Awal|first=Mohammed|date=2022-06-14|title=T-bill rates partly responsible for high cost of lending – Dr. Stephen Amoah|url=https://thebftonline.com/2022/06/14/t-bill-rates-partly-responsible-for-high-cost-of-lending-dr-stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Denis|first=Pwaberi|date=2022-01-26|title=E-Levy will transform lives of Ghanaians – Stephen Amoah|url=https://3news.com/e-levy-will-transform-lives-of-ghanaians-stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=3News.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426180634/https://3news.com/e-levy-will-transform-lives-of-ghanaians-stephen-amoah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu mamba ne a bankin GCB.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Nhyiaeso MP Stephen Amoah appointed Board Member of GCB|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/nhyiaeso-mp-stephen-amoah-appointed-board-member-of-gcb.html|access-date=2022-08-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-09|title=Stephen Amoah appointed board member of GCB Bank|url=https://asaaseradio.com/stephen-amoah-appointed-board-member-of-gcb-bank/|access-date=2022-08-25|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Stephen Amoah a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in miladiyya 1970. Ya fito ne daga Kronum Afrancho a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=143|access-date=2022-08-25|website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> Ya kammala makarantar Opoku Ware, Kumasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-04|title=OPOKU WARE OLD BOYS, "AKATAKYIE" HONOUR BLACK STARS COACH KWASI APPIAH|url=http://ghanamansports.com/2017/12/04/opoku-ware-old-boys-akatakyie-honour-black-stars-coach-kwasi-appiah/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=GhanaManSports|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118025506/https://ghanamansports.com/2017/12/04/opoku-ware-old-boys-akatakyie-honour-black-stars-coach-kwasi-appiah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-24|title=Opoku Ware School 'Is The Best', Prempeh Guys Are Only Distractive Interference Of Waves – MASLOC CEO|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/opoku-ware-school-is-the-best-prempeh-guys-are-only-distractive-interference-of-waves-masloc-ceo/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=GhGossip|language=en-AU|archive-date=2020-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625084011/https://www.ghgossip.com/opoku-ware-school-is-the-best-prempeh-guys-are-only-distractive-interference-of-waves-masloc-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin kula da harkokin kudi daga Jami'ar Derby, United Kingdom a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Amoah, Stephen|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST), Ghana. Hakanan yana da Takaddun Shaida akan Kasuwanci daga MIT. Ya kuma yi digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kimiyyar aikin yi daga KNUST.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=MASLOC - CEO Page|url=http://www.masloc.gov.gh/ceo-profile.html|access-date=2020-12-26|website=www.masloc.gov.gh|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627220648/http://www.masloc.gov.gh/ceo-profile.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == Amoah shi ne Babban Jami’in Kudi na Kencity sannan kuma ya yi aiki a baya a matsayin Mataimakin Kodinetan Hukumar Inshora ta Kasa (NHIA).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-02-24|title='I will be CEO of MASLOC Ghana not NPP CEO'- Stephen Amoah|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/I-will-be-CEO-of-MASLOC-Ghana-not-NPP-CEO-Stephen-Amoah-513265|access-date=2020-12-26|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> A cikin Fabrairun 2017, Shugaba Akufo-Addo ya nada shi a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kula da Kananan Kudade da Lamuni (MASLOC).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Nana Addo Picks Kokofu As FC boss, Dr. Nsiah GHS Director, Osei Prempeh GOIL CEO|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/306890.php|access-date=2020-12-26|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Otchere|first=Gertrude Owireduwaah|date=2020-08-24|title=MASLOC CEO weeps uncontrollably on live TV [Watch]|url=https://www.adomonline.com/masloc-ceo-weeps-uncontrollably-on-live-tv-watch/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne Shugaba na Zintex Portfolio Services Limited.<ref name=":4" /> Shi mai ba da shawara ne kan harkokin kudi da zuba jari. Shi mai ba da shawara ne kan harkokin kudi da zuba jari.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GTonline|date=2022-06-15|title=Institute policies to address country’s reliance on imports – Dr Amoah|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/institute-policies-to-address-countrys-reliance-on-imports-dr-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=Ghanaian Times|language=en-US}}</ref> === Kungiyar kwallon kafa === A watan Agusta 2022, Amoah ya kafa Kumasi FC wanda kungiyar kwallon kafa ce a Kumasi musamman Nhyiaeso. Makarantar horar da kwallon kafa ce mai cibiyar horarwa, dakin motsa jiki, cibiyar kiwon lafiya da sauran kayan aiki.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-15|title=Kumasi FC was formed to develop the football talents of Nhyiaso youth – Stephen Amoah - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-fc-was-formed-to-develop-the-football-talents-of-nhyiaso-youth-stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Siyasa == Amoah ya tsaya takarar neman tikitin jam'iyyar NPP ne gabanin zaben 2020.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Yunin 2020 ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na mazabar Nhyiaeso bayan ya doke dan majalisa mai ci Kennedy Kwasi Kankam wanda ya kada Richard Winfred Anane a zaben fidda gwani na NPP na 2016. Ya samu nasara ne da kuri'u 332 yayin da mai ci ya samu kuri'u 315 daga cikin jimillar kuri'u 647 da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abedu-Kennedy|first=Dorcas|date=2020-06-20|title=NPP Primaries: MASLOC boss Stephen Amoah unseats incumbent MP at Nhyiaeso|url=https://www.adomonline.com/npp-primaries-masloc-boss-stephen-amoah-unseats-incumbent-mp-at-nhyiaeso/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-21|title=NPP Decides: MASLOC CEO unseats Nhyiaeso MP|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NPP-Decides-MASLOC-CEO-unseats-Nhyiaeso-MP-985840|access-date=2020-12-26|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> An zabi Amoah a matsayin dan majalisa na Nhyaieso a zaben majalisar dokoki na Disamba 2020. Ya lashe zaben ne bayan da ya samu kuri’u 51,531 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 81.71% yayin da abokin takararsa Richard Kwamina Prah na jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress ya samu kuri’u 11,033 da ke wakiltar kashi 17.49%.<ref name=":2" /> === Kwamitoci === Amoah memba ne na kwamitin kudi<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-19|title=Calls for dissolution of Economic Management Team baseless – Stephen Amoah|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/03/calls-for-dissolution-of-economic-management-team-baseless-stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> kuma memba ne a kwamitin gata.<ref name=":5" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Amoah Kirista ne.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> == Tallafawa == A cikin Afrilu 2022, Amoah ya gabatar da na'urorin buga takardu, kwamfutoci da tebura sama da dubu ga makarantu a Mazabar Nhyiaeso.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=News|title=No Place For Weed Smokers In My Constituency, Nhyiaeso - Stephen Amoah {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/no-place-for-weed-smokers-in-my-constituency-nhyiaeso-stephen-amoah/|access-date=2022-08-25|website=https://newsghana.com.gh|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigima == A watan Disamba 2021, Kotun Majistare ta La ta ba da sammacin kama Amoah da Samuel Anim saboda kin gurfana a gaban kotu saboda laifukan kan hanya.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Starrfm.com.gh|date=2021-12-08|title=Police secures bench warrant for Stephen Amoah's arrest — Starr Fm|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/12/police-secures-bench-warrant-for-stephen-amoahs-arrest/|access-date=2022-08-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Daga baya ya bayyana a gaban kotu bayan ya gabatar da kansa ga GPS.<ref>{{Cite news|last=emmakd|date=2021-12-10|title=MP for Nhyieaso appears in court for violating road traffic regulations - Ghana Business News|language=en-US|work=Ghana Business News|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2021/12/10/mp-for-nhyieaso-appears-in-court-for-violating-road-traffic-regulations/|access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] teaqfe5gn1u9gxe2zbiy9g7on69cjrf 0 37061 552329 409550 2024-12-05T11:31:48Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 552329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''' Lekki British School''' ('''LBS'''), makarantar international ce ta [[Biritaniya]] a [[Lekki]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. <ref> " Contact Us Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine." Lekki British School. Retrieved on May 1, 2015. "[[Lekki]] [[British]] High School Victoria Arobieke Street Off Admiralty Way [[Lekki]] Phase 1. [[Lagos]]."</ref> Tana hidimar makarantar sakandare, ƙaramar makaranta, da makarantar sakandare a cikin {{Convert|25|acre|ha}} jami'a. Akwai wurin kwana na ɗaliban sakandare. An kafa makarantar a watan Satumbar, 2000. <ref>[http://www.lekkibritishschool.org/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925051113/https://lekkibritishschool.org/|date=2022-09-25}}. [[Lekki British School]]. Retrieved on May 1, 2015. "Victoria Arobieke Street, [[Lekki]] Phase 1, [[Lagos]]."</ref> Kamar yadda a shekarar 2013, karatun shekara na ɗalibi na rana shi ne [[Naira]] 2,911,300. <ref>"[http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/parents-groan-rising-cost-education/ Parents groan under rising cost of education]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150831003858/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/parents-groan-rising-cost-education/ Archive]). ''[[Newswatch Times]]''. 14 September 2013. Retrieved on 9 May 2015.</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, jimillar kuɗin da ake kashewa ga ɗalibin kwana Naira 4,000,300 ne; Iyayen suna biyar Dalar Amurka 19,500 da Naira 200,000. A 2013 '''''Encomium Weekly''''' ya sanya makarantar a matsayin ɗayan makarantun sakandare mafi tsada a [[Legas]]. <ref name="Encomium">"[http://encomium.ng/most-expensive-secondary-schools-on-parade/ MOST EXPENSIVE SECONDARY SCHOOLS ON PARADE]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072159/http://encomium.ng/most-expensive-secondary-schools-on-parade/ Archive]). ''[[Encomium Weekly]]''. September 6, 2013. Retrieved on May 11, 2015.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == * [http://www.lekkibritishschool.org Lekki British School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925051113/https://lekkibritishschool.org/ |date=2022-09-25 }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fvgiyjzd639ukew4qj0cbhqlzdlfqs9 0 37071 552351 415626 2024-12-05T11:45:40Z Maryamarh 29382 552351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:André Boboliko.jpg|thumb|hoton andre]] '''Lokonga Biboliko,''' an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan,1934, a [[Lobamiti]][[Zaire]], sanannan Dan Siyasa Na Kasar Zaire. Yayi a matsayin Commissioner na farko a Zaire daga 6 ga Maris din 1979 zuwa 27 ga watan Agustan, 1980. Har wayau ya kasance Babban sektary na kungiyar ma,aikatan zaire gaba daya.<ref>Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. ISBN 9781134264902.</ref> == Karatu da aiki == St Raphael Middle School, Kinshasa, Heverlee Louvain Social Studies School, Belgium,1955-58(Diploma in Social Studies, 1958), yazama shugaba na UTC,1961, shugaba a National Assembly,1970-79, dan kungiyar Political Bureau MPR, yazama prime minister,1979-80.<ref>Africa who's who (2nd ed ed.). London: Africa Books Ltd. 1991. ISBN 0-903274-17-5. OCLC 24954393. {{cite book}}: p.p,324.381|edition= has extra text (help)</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} imlbqlkwx1lfo6fdvsft51be14w62n9 0 37074 551845 216159 2024-12-04T19:17:54Z Maryamarh 29382 551845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Wasannin Legas bikin,''' yini ɗaya ne na shekara-shekara da ke gudana a birnin [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] na [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}"[[Lagos Games Festival]] debuts". Guardian [[Nigeria]]. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</ref> Shina Charles Memud ne ya kafa shi, an ƙirƙire shi da nufin haɓaka al'adun caca za a iya haɓaka, da kuma gina damar kasuwanci ga masana'antar caca. <ref name="DailyNews">[https://techpoint.africa/2017/06/01/nigerian-gaming-industry/ Where does the Nigerian gaming industry stand?] </ref> Bikin yana ba da wurin da kowa zai iya fuskantar wasanni na gida da na waje da gasa kai tsaye, gasa da ayyukan kiɗa don yin. Bikin (LGF) kyakkyawa ce ga yara kuma buɗe ga iyaye ko ƙungiyar mutane. Akwai ayyukan waje, dillalai na gida, da masu sana'a don sa taron ya kasance mai daɗi sosai. == Tarihi == DoingSoon ne ya shirya bikin wasannin [[Legas]]. <ref name="LindaKeiji">"[[Nigeria]]n Startup DoingSoon launches". January 2, 2018. January 02, 2018. </ref> Buga na farko (2019) na bikin wasannin [[Legas]] ya gudana ne a [[Tafawa Balewa Square|dandalin Tafawa Balewa]] (TBS), jihar [[Legas]]. Afrilu 20, 2019. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ew4ncsnzled3b85inm0m93kja36p7zi 0 37535 551945 533124 2024-12-04T21:04:36Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na kara mahada 551945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rahab Salim''' wacce aka fi sani da '''Ummi Rahab''' ko '''Ummi Takwara,''' (An [[Hailemariam Desalegn|haife]] ta a [[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya|ranar]] 7 ga [[Wata|watan]] [[Afrilu]], shekara ta 2004) a garin [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]].<ref name=":0">"Ummi Rahab Kannywood Biography, Age, Photos, Phone Number &Net Worth - ArewAngle". 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</ref> Ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce a masana'antar fim ta [[Kannywood]]<ref>ttps://www.northernwiki.com.ng/cikakken-tarihin-ummi-rahab/</ref> 'yar rawa kuma 'yar talla wacce ta auri Jarumi, Furodusa kuma mawakin [[Hausa]], [[Lilin Baba]]. == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Ummi Rahab a ranar 7 ga watan [[Afrilu]], shekara ta 2004 a cikin garin [[Kaduna]] dake arewa maso yammacin [[Najeriya]].<ref>Hausaflix (18 March 2022). "Tarihin Rayuwar Ummi Rahab: Tarihi cikakke, rayuwar ta a Kannywood". ''Hausaflix''. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</ref><ref>Admin (13 March 2022). "CIKAKKEN TARIHIN UMMI RAHAB - Northernwiki Jaruman kannywood". ''Northernwiki''. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</ref> == Karatu == Ummi rahab tayi karatun firamare da sakandire a jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], kafin daga baya ta koma garin [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] domin ci gaba da rayuwar ta.<ref>Hausaflix (18 March 2022). "Tarihin Rayuwar Ummi Rahab: Tarihi cikakke, rayuwar ta a Kannywood". ''Hausaflix''. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</ref> == Sana'a == Ummi Rahab na daga cikin jaruman [[Kannywood]] da suka fara taka rawa a wasan kwaikwayo tun suna ƙanana. Ummi Rahab ta fara fitowa a fim tun lokacin tana makarantar firmare, acikin fim din da tayi fice da shi wato "Takwara Ummi". A lokacin tana da shekaru goma a duniya inda ta fito a matsayin diyar [[Adam A Zango]].<ref name=":0" /> Ummi Rahab tayi fice a masana'antar fim na [[Kannywood]] kuma ta fito a bidiyon waƙoƙin Hausa da dama da suka hada da: Meleri - WUFF Dake. ==Iyali== Ranar 18 ga watan yuni, 2022 Ummi Rahab ta auri [[Lilin Baba]].<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/kannywood/1475147-aure-ya-kullu-bidiyo-da-hotunan-auren-lilin-baba-dakyakkyawar- amaryarsa-ummi-rahab/</ref> == Mahadar shafukan waje == * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbZfUvZTf44 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5wuEY6VlP4 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Category: Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Kaduna]] q9hs50lvgnn6ujn5nz7pl5ab1erl35m 0 38900 551788 405798 2024-12-04T15:48:41Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum.jpg|thumb|Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum]] '''Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum''' dan majalisar wakilai ne mai wakiltar mazabar Nkoranza ta kudu a yankin Bono ta Gabas ta Ghana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2641|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Agyekum, Emmanuel Kwadwo|website=ghanamps.com|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://everypolitician.org/ghana/parliament/term-table/6.html#search=agyekum|title=EveryPolitician: Ghana - Parliament - Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic|website=EveryPolitician|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lartey|first=Winifred|date=2022-05-19|title=Prejudicial killings by the police must stop, says Nkoranza MP|url=https://asaaseradio.com/prejudicial-killings-by-the-police-must-stop-says-nkoranza-mp/|access-date=2022-11-17|website=Asaase Radio|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, ya yi ikirarin cewa 'yan sandan Ghana sun harba harsasai masu rai yayin harbin Nkoranza kuma ya bukaci 'yan Ghana da su tashi tsaye kan zaluncin 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-21|title=I have evidence that police fired live bullets - Nkoranza South MP on police-youth clash - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-have-evidence-that-police-fired-live-bullets-nkoranza-south-mp-on-police-youth-clash/|access-date=2022-11-17|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-20|title=Something needs to be done, prejudicial killing by police must stop - Nkoranza MP|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Something-needs-to-be-done-prejudicial-killing-by-police-must-stop-Nkoranza-MP-1542785|access-date=2022-11-17|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=2022-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117172919/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Something-needs-to-be-done-prejudicial-killing-by-police-must-stop-Nkoranza-MP-1542785|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Emmanuel Kirista ne (Seventh-day Adventist).<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1973 a Nkoranza a yankin Bono Gabas ta Ghana.<ref name=":0" /> Ya halarci Jami'ar Westminster da ke Landan, UK inda ya sami digiri na biyu a Global Business a 2007. Ya kuma yi IMBA a International Graduate Center. Ya kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Aiki da Kimiyya da ke Bremen, Jamus a 2008.<ref name=":0" /> == Siyasa == Shi mamba ne na National Democratic Congress.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ya lashe zaben mazabar Nkoranza ta Kudu da kuri'u 29,408 wanda ya samu kashi 56.8% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin NPP Konadu-Yadom Charles ya samu kuri'u 22,219 wanda ya samu kashi 42.9% na kuri'un da aka kada yayin da 'yar takarar PNC Florence Ampour ta samu kuri'u 121 da ya samu kashi 0. na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Nkoranza South Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/bonoeast/nkoranza_south/|access-date=2022-11-17|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> Ya kasance tsohon mataimakin ministan kananan hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Don’t politicise national sanitation day — Minister|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/don-t-politicise-national-sanitation-day-minister.html|access-date=2022-11-17|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Starrfm.com.gh|title=Bawumia goes into hiding as Cedi falls – Fmr. Dep. Local Gov’t Minister|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2019/03/bawumia-goes-into-hiding-as-cedi-falls-fmr-dep-local-govt-minister/|access-date=2022-11-17|language=en-US}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Rarraba Dokoki sannan kuma memba na Kwamitin Ayyuka da Gidaje.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=204|access-date=2022-11-17|website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> == Aiki == Ya kasance Shugaba na Kula da Ma'aikata na Musamman a London, UK. Ya kuma kasance shugaban karamar hukumar Nkoranza ta kudu daga watan Mayu 2009 zuwa Janairu 2013. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1973]] <references /> [[Category:Mutanan Ghana]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] [[Category:Maza]] ilr2rv0bdny3lq59kj4w7c2ea11mrsi 0 40423 551715 533107 2024-12-04T14:03:29Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Franz Kafka, 1910.jpg|alt=Franz Kafka|thumb|Franz Kafka]] [[File:Kafka1906 cropped.jpg|thumb|Kafka 1906]] [[Fayil:Kafka1906 cropped.jpg|thumb|Franz Kafka]] '''Franz Kafka''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|æ|f|k|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|k|ɑː|f|-}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kafka "Kafka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226161214/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kafka |date=26 December 2014 }}, ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈkafka|lang}}; {{IPA-cs|ˈkafka|lang}}; in Czech he was sometimes called '''František Kafka'''.}} (An haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan [[Yuli|Yulin]] shekara ta alif 1883,-kuma ya mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1924) marubucin [[Bohemian]] ne mai kuma magana da Jamusanci kuma marubucin gajerun labarai, wanda ya shahara a ɗaya daga cikin manyan jigogin adabin ƙarni na 20. Ayyukansa sun haɗa abubuwa na gaskiya da ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=90–93}}</ref> Yawanci yana fasalta keɓantattun jaruman da ke fuskantar matsaloli masu ban mamaki ko na zahiri da kuma ikon zamantakewar da ba za a iya fahimta ba. An fassara shi azaman binciko jigogi na nisantar, damuwa na wanzuwa, laifi, da rashin hankali. Shahararrun ayyukansa sun haɗa da ɗan gajeren labari "The Metamorphosis" da litattafai ''The Trial'' and ''The Castle''. Kalmar ''[[wiktionary:Kafkaesque|Kafkaesque]]'' ya shiga Turanci don bayyana yanayi maras kyau, kamar waɗanda aka kwatanta a cikin rubutunsa.{{Sfn|Steinhauer|1983}} An haifi Kafka a cikin dangin Yahudawan Czech na tsakiyar aji na Jamusanci a Jamhuriyar Czech a Prague, babban birnin Masarautar Bohemia, sa'an nan kuma wani yanki na daular [[Austro-Hungary]], a yau babban birnin Jamhuriyar [[Czech]]. Ya sami horo a matsayin [[lauya]] kuma bayan ya kammala karatunsa na shari'a sai wani kamfani na [[inshora]] ya ɗauke shi aiki na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa ya mayar da rubuce-rubuce zuwa lokacin hutunsa. A tsawon rayuwar Kafka, ya rubuta ɗaruruwan wasiƙu zuwa ga dangi da abokai na kud da kud, ciki har da mahaifinsa, wanda suke da dangantaka ta kud da kud. Ya yi auren mata da yawa amma bai yi aure ba. Ya mutu a cikin duhu a shekarar alif 1924, yana da shekaru 40 daga [[Tibi|tarin fuka]]. Kafka ya kasance ƙwararren [[marubuci]], yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokutansa na kyauta, yawanci a cikin dare. Ya kona kusan kashi 90% na jimlar aikin sa saboda jajircewar da ya yi na rashin yarda da kai. Kadan daga cikin ayyukan Kafka da aka buga a lokacin rayuwarsa: tarin labaran da aka yi ''la'akari'' da ''Likitan Ƙasa'', da kuma labarun mutum (irin su "The Metamorphosis") an buga su a cikin mujallu na wallafe-wallafe amma sun sami kulawar jama'a kadan. A cikin wasiyyarsa, Kafka ya umurci mai zartar da wallafe-wallafen kuma abokinsa Max Brod ya lalata ayyukansa da ba a gama ba, ciki har da littattafansa ''The Trial'', ''The Castle'', da {{Lang|de|[[Amerika (novel)|Amurka]]}}, amma Brod ya yi watsi da waɗannan umarnin, kuma yana da yawancin ayyukansa da aka buga. Franz Kafka yana daya daga cikin mawakan da suka shahara bayan mutuwarsu: bayan shekarar alif 1945, ne ayyukansa suka shahara a cikin ƙasashen Jamusanci, wanda adabinsa ya yi tasiri sosai, kuma a cikin 1960s a wasu wurare na [[duniya]]. Ayyukan Kafka sun rinjayi nau'ikan marubuta, masu suka, masu [[fasaha]], da masana [[falsafa]] a cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21st. == Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === [[File:Kafka's_parents_c1913.jpg|thumb| Hermann da Julie Kafka]] [[File:Kafka-sisters.jpg|thumb| 'Yan uwan Franz Kafka, daga Valli na hagu, Elli, Ottla]] [[File:Franz Kafka and Ottla Kafka.jpg|thumb|Kafka tare da 'yar uwarsa Ottla. Oppelt House, Prague, 1914. ]] [[File:Franz Kafka and Ottla Kafka 2.jpg|left|thumb|Franz Kafka da 'yar uwarsa, Ottla Kafka, a Zürau.]] An haifi Kafka a kusa da filin Old Town Square a [[Prag|Prague]], a lokacin daular Austro-Hungarian. Iyalinsa Yahudawan Ashkenazi ne na tsakiyar aji na masu jin Jamus. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Kafka (1854-1931), shi ne ɗa na huɗu na Jakob Kafka,{{Sfn|Gilman|2005}}{{Sfn|Northey|1997}} a {{Lang|he-Latn|shochet}}. ko kuma mai yankan al'ada a Osek, ƙauyen Czech mai yawan Yahudawa da ke kusa da Strakonice a kudancin Bohemia. {{Sfn|Kohoutikriz|2011}} Hermann ya kawo dangin Kafka zuwa Prague. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin tallace-tallace na balaguro, a ƙarshe ya zama dillalin kayan ado wanda ya ɗauki aiki har zuwa mutane 15 kuma ya yi amfani da hoton jackdaw ( {{Lang|cs|kavka}} a cikin Czech, furci kuma an rubuta shi azaman ''kafka'' ) azaman tambarin kasuwancin sa.{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Mahaifiyar Kafka, Julie (1856-1934), 'yar Jakob Löwy ce, ɗan kasuwa mai wadata a Poděbrady,{{Sfn|Northey|1997}} kuma ta fi mijinta ilimi.{{Sfn|Gilman|2005}} [[File:Kafka-as-pupil.jpg|thumb|Franz Kafka a lokacin da yake Yaro.]] Iyayen Kafka mai yiwuwa sun yi magana da Jamusanci, wanda Yiddish ya rinjayi, wanda wani lokaci ana kiransa Mauscheldeutsch, amma, kamar yadda Jamusanci ke dauke da abin hawa na motsi na zamantakewa, tabbas sun ƙarfafa 'ya'yansu su yi magana da Jamusanci Standard.{{Sfn|Gray|2005}} Hermann da Julie suna da 'ya'ya shida, wanda Franz ce babba.{{Sfn|Hamalian|1974}} 'Yan'uwan Franz biyu, Georg da Heinrich, sun mutu tun suna jariri kafin Franz ya cika bakwai; 'yan'uwansa mata uku sune Gabriele ("Ellie") (1889-1944), Valerie ("Valli") (1890-1942) da Ottilie ("Ottla") (1892-1943). An kashe dukan ukun a cikin Holocaust na [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]]. An tura Valli zuwa Łódź Ghetto da ke Poland da ta mamaye a shekara ta alif 1942, amma wannan ita ce takardar shaidar ta ƙarshe; ana zaton ba ta tsira daga yakin ba. Ottilie ita ce 'yar'uwar Kafka da ta fi so. Masanin tarihin rayuwar Stanley Corngold ya bayyana Hermann a matsayin "babban ɗan kasuwa, mai son kai, mai girman kai"{{Sfn|Corngold|1972}} da kuma ta Franz Kafka a matsayin "Kafka na gaskiya cikin ƙarfi, lafiya, ci, ƙarar murya, balaga, gamsuwar kai, rinjaye na duniya. juriya, kasancewar hankali, [da] sanin yanayin ɗan adam”.{{Sfn|Kafka-Franz, Father|2012}} A kwanakin kasuwanci, iyayen biyu ba su nan a gida, tare da Julie Kafka tana aiki kamar 12.&nbsp;sa'o'i a kowace rana suna taimakawa wajen gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. Saboda haka, yarinta na Kafka ya kasance ɗan kaɗaici,{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} kuma yaran sun sami reno da yawa daga jerin gwanati da bayi. Dangantakar da ke damun Kafka da mahaifinsa ta bayyana a cikin {{Lang|de|[[Letter to His Father|Brief an den Vater]]}} ( ''Wasika zuwa ga Ubansa'' ) na sama da 100&nbsp;shafuka, wanda a cikinsa ya koka game da kasancewar mahaifinsa mai iko da kuma halin da ake bukata;{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Mahaifiyarsa kuwa, ta kasance mai shiru da kunya.{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Mafi rinjayen mahaifin Kafka yana da tasiri sosai a rubutun Kafka.{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Iyalin Kafka suna da wata kuyanga da ke zaune tare da su a wani ƙunƙun gida. Dakin Franz yana yawan sanyi. A watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1913, iyalin suka koma wani babban gida, ko da yake Ellie da Valli sun yi aure kuma suka tashi daga ɗakin farko. A farkon watan Agusta, shekara ta alif 1914, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya soma, ’yan’uwa mata ba su san inda mazajensu suke soja ba kuma suka koma tare da iyalin a wannan babban gida. Dukansu Ellie da Valli su ma suna da yara. Franz yana da shekaru 31 ya koma tsohon gidan Valli, shiru da bambanci, kuma ya rayu shi kadai a karon farko.{{Sfn|Stach|2005}} === Ilimi === Daga shekarar alif 1889 zuwa 1893, Kafka ya halarci {{Lang|de|Deutsche Knabenschule}} Makarantar firamare ta samarin Jamus a {{Lang|cs|Masný trh/Fleischmarkt}} (kasuwar nama), yanzu ana kiranta titin Masná. Iliminsa na Yahudawa ya ƙare da bikin ''mashaya mitzvah'' yana ɗan shekara 13. Kafka bai taɓa jin daɗin halartar majami'a ba kuma yana tafiya tare da mahaifinsa a ranakun hutu huɗu kawai a shekara.{{Sfn|Kafka-Franz, Father|2012}} {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} [[File:Prague_Palace_Kinsky_PC.jpg|alt=An ornate four-storey palatial building|thumb| Kinský Palace inda Kafka ya halarci gymnasium kuma mahaifinsa yana da shago]] [[File:Franz Kafka - Hebrew writings - Literary Estate Max Brod - National Library of Israel.jpg|thumb|Franz Kafka - Rubutun Ibrananci - Estate Adabi Max Brod - Laburaren Ƙasa na Isra'ila ]] Bayan barin makarantar firamare a shekara ta alif 1893, an shigar da Kafka a cikin gymnasium mai tsauri na gargajiya, {{Lang|de|Altstädter Deutsches Gymnasium}}, makarantar sakandare ta ilimi a Old Town Square, a cikin fadar Kinský. Jamusanci yaren koyarwa ne, amma Kafka kuma ya yi magana kuma ya rubuta cikin Czech.{{Sfn|Hawes|2008}} {{Sfn|Sayer|1996}} Ya yi karatu na karshen a dakin motsa jiki na tsawon shekaru takwas, yana samun sakamako mai kyau.{{Sfn|Kempf|2005}} Ko da yake Kafka ya sami yabo ga Czech ɗinsa, bai taɓa ɗaukar kansa ƙware a cikin yaren ba, kodayake yana magana da Jamusanci tare da lafazin Czech. {{Sfn|Koelb|2010}} {{Sfn|Sayer|1996}} Ya kammala jarrabawar Matura a 1901.{{Sfn|Corngold|2004}} An shigar da shi a {{Lang|de|[[German Charles-Ferdinand University|Deutsche Karl-Ferdinands-Universität]]}} na Prague a 1901, Kafka ya fara nazarin ilmin sunadarai amma ya koma doka bayan makonni biyu. {{Sfn|Diamant|2003}} Ko da yake wannan filin bai faranta masa rai ba, ya ba da damammaki na aiki wanda ya faranta wa mahaifinsa rai. Bugu da kari, doka ta bukaci dogon zangon karatu, inda ta baiwa Kafka lokacin daukar darasi a cikin karatun Jamusanci da tarihin fasaha.{{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar ɗalibai, {{Lang|de|Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten}} (Zauren Karatu da Lacca na ɗaliban Jamus), wanda ya shirya tarurrukan adabi, karatu da sauran ayyuka.{{Sfn|Gray|2005}} Daga cikin abokan Kafka akwai ɗan jarida Felix Weltsch, wanda ya yi nazarin falsafanci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Yitzchak Lowy wanda ya fito daga dangin Hasidic Warsaw na orthodox, da kuma marubuta Ludwig Winder, Oskar Baum da Franz Werfel.{{Sfn|Stach|2005}} A ƙarshen shekara ta farko na karatunsa, Kafka ya sadu da Max Brod, wani dalibin lauya wanda ya zama aboki na kud da kud don rayuwa. Bayan shekaru, Brod ya kirkiro kalmar {{Lang|de|Der enge Prager Kreis}} ("The Close Prague Circle") don bayyana rukunin marubuta, waɗanda suka haɗa da Kafka, Felix Weltsch da Brod kansa.{{Sfn|Spector|2000}} {{Sfn|Keren|1993}} {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Kafka ya kasance mai son karatu a duk rayuwarsa; {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} tare da shi da Brod sun karanta Plato's ''Protagoras'' a cikin asalin Girkanci, akan yunƙurin Brod, da kuma tunanin Flaubert 's {{Lang|fr|[[Sentimental Education|L'éducation sentimentale]]}} da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[The Temptation of Saint Anthony (Flaubert)|La Tentation de St. Antoine]]}} ( ''The Temptation of Saint Anthony'' ) a cikin Faransanci, bisa shawararsa. {{Sfn|Brod|1966}} Kafka ya ɗauki Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Gustav Flaubert, Nikolai Gogol, Franz Grillparzer, {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} da Heinrich von Kleist a matsayin" 'yan'uwansa na gaskiya". {{Sfn|Gray|2005}} Bayan waɗannan, ya ɗauki sha'awar wallafe-wallafen Czech {{Sfn|Hawes|2008}} {{Sfn|Sayer|1996}} kuma yana jin daɗin ayyukan Goethe . {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} An ba Kafka lambar digiri na Doka a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta alif 1906 {{Efn}} kuma ya yi shekara ta wajibi na hidimar da ba a biya ba a matsayin magatakarda na shari'a da kotunan laifuka. {{Sfn|Steinhauer|1983}} === Aiki === [[File:Na_Porici_7,_Prague.JPG|thumb| Tsohon gidan Cibiyar Inshorar Hatsarin Ma'aikata]] A ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1907, an ɗauki Kafka a {{Lang|it|[[Assicurazioni Generali]]}} , kamfanin inshora, inda ya yi aiki kusan shekara guda. Wasiƙun da ya yi a wancan lokacin sun nuna cewa bai ji daɗin tsarin aiki ba—daga 08:00 har zuwa 18:00 {{Sfn|Karl|1991}} {{Sfn|Glen|2007}} —wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala matuƙar ya mai da hankali ga rubutu, wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarin mahimmanci a gare shi. A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1908, ya yi murabus. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya sami aikin da ya fi dacewa da rubutu lokacin da ya shiga Cibiyar Inshorar Ma'aikata ta Masarautar Bohemia . Aikin ya haɗa da bincike da kimanta ramuwa don rauni na mutum ga ma'aikatan masana'antu; hatsarori kamar bacewar yatsu ko gaɓoɓi sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, saboda rashin ƙayyadaddun manufofin tsaro na aiki a lokacin. Ya kasance gaskiya ne musamman ga masana'antun da aka haɗa da lathes na injuna, na'urori, injinan tsarawa da na'urori masu juyawa, waɗanda ba a cika cika su da masu tsaro ba. {{Sfn|Corngold et al.|2009}} Farfesan gudanarwa Peter Drucker ya yabawa Kafka tare da haɓaka hular farar hula ta farko yayin da yake aiki a Cibiyar Inshorar Hatsari ta Ma'aikata, amma duk wani takarda daga ma'aikacin sa ba ya goyan bayan wannan. {{Sfn|Drucker|2002}} {{Sfn|Corngold et al.|2009}} Mahaifinsa sau da yawa yakan ambaci aikin dansa a matsayin jami'in inshora a matsayin {{Lang|de|Brotberuf}} , a zahiri "aikin burodi", aikin da aka yi kawai don biyan kuɗi; Kafka ya sha da'awar raina shi. An inganta Kafka cikin sauri kuma ayyukansa sun haɗa da sarrafawa da bincikar da'awar biyan diyya, rubuta rahotanni, da kuma kula da roko daga 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke tunanin an sanya kamfanonin su cikin haɗari mai yawa, wanda ya fi tsadar su a cikin kudaden inshora. {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} Zai tattara kuma ya tsara rahoton shekara-shekara kan cibiyar inshora na shekaru da yawa da ya yi aiki a can. Rahotanni sun samu karbuwa daga manyansa. {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} Kafka ya kan tashi daga aiki da ƙarfe biyu na rana, ta yadda ya samu lokacin ciyar da aikinsa na adabi, wanda ya himmatu. {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} Mahaifin Kafka kuma ya sa ran zai taimaka a wurin kuma ya mallaki kantin sayar da kayayyaki na iyali. {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} A cikin shekarunsa na baya, rashin lafiyar Kafka yakan hana shi aiki a ofishin inshora da kuma rubutunsa. [[File:Franz Kafka and Ottla Kafka 2.jpg|thumb|'''Franz Kafka''']] A ƙarshen shekarar alif 1911, mijin Elli Karl Hermann da Kafka sun zama abokan haɗin gwiwa a masana'antar asbestos ta farko a Prague, wanda aka sani da Prager Asbestwerke Hermann & Co., bayan sun yi amfani da kuɗin sadaki daga Hermann Kafka. Kafka ya nuna hali mai kyau da farko, yana sadaukar da yawancin lokacinsa na kyauta ga kasuwanci, amma daga baya ya ji haushin cin zarafin wannan aikin a lokacin rubuce-rubucensa. {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} A wannan lokacin, ya kuma sami sha'awa da nishaɗi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Yiddish . Bayan ganin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Yiddish a watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif 1911, na tsawon watanni shida masu zuwa Kafka "ya nutsar da kansa cikin yaren Yiddish da kuma cikin adabin Yiddish". {{Sfn|Koelb|2010}} {{Sfn|Stach|2005}} A daidai wannan lokacin ne Kafka ta zama mai cin ganyayyaki. {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} A kusa da shekarar 1915, Kafka ya karɓi daftarin sanarwar aikin soja a yakin duniya{{Spaces}}Ni, amma ma'aikatansa a cibiyar inshora sun shirya tsaiko saboda ana ɗaukar aikinsa yana da mahimmancin sabis na gwamnati. Daga baya ya yi yunƙurin shiga aikin soja amma matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] sun hana shi yin haka, {{Sfn|Brod|1960}} da aka gano shi a cikin shekarar alif 1917. {{Sfn|Corngold|2011}} A cikin shekarar alif 1918, Cibiyar Inshorar Ma'aikata ta sanya Kafka a cikin fensho saboda ya samu. rashin lafiya, wanda ba a samu waraka ba a lokacin, kuma ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a wuraren kiwon lafiya. {{Sfn|Steinhauer|1983}} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1924]] edeuj22ob2ya5w9goch7a4bwfkocrue 0 42080 551951 541349 2024-12-04T21:11:44Z Wikiabdull 29964 Na kara mahada 551951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yunwa''' a mahanga mutumtaka da mu'amalan yau da kullum, siyasa, da wani yanayi da mutum yake da rauni a zahiri da sanadiyyar rashin abun masarufi a hannunsa domin samun abinda zai ci domin ya rayu. Ita kalmar ''Yunwa'' ba kawai tana nufin buƙatuwar abinci ba kamar yadda kowane mutum ya sani, har ila yau tana bayanin ''[[Kwadayi]] ko muradin abinci''. Matakin Yunwa na karshe shi ne, matsanancin rashin abinci da ya haifar da yaduwar rashin sinadarai wanda abinci ke dauke dasu a jikin dan adam wanda a sanadiyyar hakan ake mutuwa.<ref>https://www.wfp.org/fight-famine </ref> [[Fayil:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|thumb|Yanayin yunwa]] Tarihi ya kiyaye wasu yankuna a duniya da suka wahala na tsawon wani lokaci a sanadiyyar yunwa. A mafi yawon lokutta yunwa tana samuwa ne a sakamakon yankewar hanyoyin samun [[abinci]] a dalilin yaki, annoba ta cututtuka da kuma gurbatan yanayi da ba zai bada damar noma ba. Lokaci mai tsawo bayan gushewar yakin Duniya na biyu, ci gaban kimiyya da kuma hadin kai da aka samu a siyasance ya samar da wani yanayi da yake nuni da cewa akwai yiyuwar rage tasirin yunwa ga mutanen dake fama da ita. Duk da haka cigaban da aka samu bai zama mabayyani ba, a shekarar 2014, irin wancan matsanciyar yunwa ta rage sosai a manyan yankuna na duniya. A ruwayar FAO's ta shekarar 2021, ƙungiya mai suna ''The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World'' wato (SOFI) ta bayyana cewa, adadin mutanen da keda tsohuwar yunwa a tattare yana hauhawa tsakanin shekarar 2014 da kuma 2019. A shekarar 2020 an samu karuwar yunwa sosai saboda Annobar korona, wanda hakan yayi sanadiyyar samun kusan mutane miliyan dari bakwai da saba'in da suke fama da ciwon yunwa.<ref>https://www.fao.org/3/cb4474en/cb4474en.pdf</ref> ==Ma'ana da Bayanan Kalmomi== ==kidiggiga== ==Yaki da Yunwa== ==Manazarta== i0uwfkd5dlhwwsqjjctlj6s52h797d1 0 43497 551852 486636 2024-12-04T19:28:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:TESCOM.jpg|thumb]] '''Alfred Agboola Ajayi''' (an haife shi 24 Satumba 1968) ɗan siyasar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne, lauya, kuma ɗan kasuwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ondostate.gov.ng/Home/Team/5fff4f84-61a1-49a0-9a41-00f96afae7c0 |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415163922/http://ondostate.gov.ng/Home/Team/5fff4f84-61a1-49a0-9a41-00f96afae7c0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin gwamnan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]] ne kuma aka zaɓe shi a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba 2016 a matsayin mataimakin gwamna<ref>https://punchng.com/ondo-insists-ex-deputy-governor-must-return-all-vehicles/?amp</ref> [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] (SAN) a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] (APC). Wanda ya gaje shi Hon. Lucky Orimisan Aiyedatiwa bayan nasarar da gwamna Akeredolu ya samu a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ondo na 2020.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/02/24/new-ondo-gov-akeredolu-deputy-sworn-in-promises-to-rebuild-state/</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yunin 2020, Ajayi ya yi murabus daga jam’iyyar APC mai mulki ya koma jam’iyyar adawa ta [[Peoples Democratic Party|People’s Democratic Party]] (PDP), saboda rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Gwamna [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] (SAN)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.xtra.net/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308100830/https://www.xtra.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/398814-updated-ondo-deputy-governor-dumps-apc-for-pdp.html?tztc=1</ref> da kuma cewa APC jam'iyyar 'ya zama wuri mai guba'.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/399007-why-i-left-apc-ondo-deputy-governor.html</ref> Daga nan ya koma Zenith Labour Party bayan ya sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna a PDP a hannun Eyitayo Jegede.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/ondo-2020-why-i-didnt-pick-agboola-ajayi-as-running-mate-jegede/</ref> Ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamnan jihar Ondo a shekarar 2020 a jam’iyyar Labour ta Zenith ƙarƙashin jagorancin tsohon gwamna Olusegun Mimiko.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/415968-ondo-2020-agboola-ajayi-best-candidate-for-good-governance-mimiko.html</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:TESCOM.jpg|thumb|Agboola Ajayi]] An haifi Ajayi a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1968 ga Chief Newton Ajayi da Mrs Rebecca Ogunjinte (née Olubusade). Ya fito ne daga garin Kiribo na ƙabilar Western Apoi a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ese Odo]] (LGA) ta [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]]. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Community a garin [[Kiribo]] sannan ya koma makarantar Methodist a ƙaramar hukumar [[Okitipupa]]. Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatun digirin digirgir a Jami’ar Igbinedion da ke Okada a [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] inda ya kammala karatunsa na farko a fannin shari’a (LL. B) a 2nd Class Upper division; Kuma daga baya ya samu Kiran sa zuwa mashaya a shekarar 2010 bayan kammala karatunsa a [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Koyon Aikin Shari'a ta Najeriya]] da ke [[Abuja]].<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ajayi ya auri Chief (Mrs) Ajewole Agboola Ajayi JP kuma sun sami ƴaƴa. == Rayuwar Siyasa == Ajayi ya fara siyasa ne a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) kuma ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar SDP a Old Opoi Ward 1 daga 1988 zuwa 1998. Daga baya ya koma [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]] (PDP) a shekarar 1998 kuma ya zama sakataren jam’iyyar PDP a ƙaramar hukumar Ilaje/Ese Odo tsakanin 1998 zuwa 1999. Daga baya aka naɗa shi mai kula da harkokin noma na ƙaramar hukumar Ese-odo daga 1999 zuwa 2001 sannan aka naɗa shi mai kula da ayyuka da sufuri na ƙaramar hukumar Ese-odo daga 2001 zuwa 2003. Daga nan ya zama shugaban riƙo na ƙaramar hukumar [[Ese Odo]] tsakanin 2003 zuwa 2004 kafin daga bisani a zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Ese-Odo daga 2004 zuwa 2007. Ya kuma taɓa zama tsohon ɗan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya kuma ya wakilci Mazaɓar Ilaje/Ese Odo na tarayya a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP. A lokacin da yake zama a majalisar wakilai, Ajayi ya zama shugaban kwamitin majalisar a NDDC daga 2007 zuwa 2010. Daga baya Ajayi ya sauya sheƙa daga PDP zuwa APC kuma ya tsaya takara a matsayin abokin takarar [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] (SAN) a zaɓen gwamnan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]] a watan Nuwamba 2016 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar APC. Ma'auratan sun lashe zaɓen kuma an rantsar da su a matsayin gwamna da mataimakin gwamnan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]] a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2017.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar Lahadi 11 ga Oktoba 2020, Akeredolu da Lucky Orimisan Aiyedatiwa sun sake zama Gwamna da mataimakin gwamnan jihar Ondo kamar yadda ya sanar. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|hukumar zaɓe ta ƙasa mai zaman kanta]]. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2021, an rantsar da Akeredolu da Aiyedatiwa a matsayin gwamna da mataimakin gwamnan jihar Ondo. [https://m.guardian.ng/news/akeredolu-new-deputy-sworn-in-for-second-term/] == Rigingimu == Ajayi dai ba baƙo ba ne ga cece-kuce, domin a shekarar 2019 an zarge shi da yin ƙarya don samun gurbin shiga [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya]] a lokacin da yake ci gaba da aiki da gwamnatin Najeriya.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/03/alleged-perjury-group-asks-body-of-benchers-to-disbar-ondo-deputy-gov/</ref> Ya kuma shafe watanni yana fafatawa a siyasance da maigidan sa, Gwamna [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]], wanda ya zarge shi da yunƙurin murɗe burinsa na siyasa;<ref name=":2" /> Yana mai nuni da wannan mummunan yanayi a matsayin babban dalilin da yasa ya fice daga APC ya koma PDP. A baya Ajayi ya musanta cewa yana da wata matsala kwata-kwata da gwamna [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] SAN, ya kuma yi watsi da irin waɗannan jita-jita a baya a matsayin “farfagandar siyasa” da wasu ƴan siyasa da suka himmatu wajen haddasa rikici.<ref>https://www.xtra.net/news/nigeria/cold-war-rotimi-akeredolu-ondo-deputy-governor-270176{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amma a ranar Asabar 20 ga watan Yuni 2020, biyo bayan umarnin Gwamnan, kwamishinan ƴan sandan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]] (CP Bolaji Salami) da ƴan sandan sa ɗauke da makamai sun hana Ajayi fita daga gidansa na gidan gwamnati na sama da sa’o’i huɗu;<ref>https://www.xtra.net/{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma da ya samu ƴanci kai tsaye ya nufi unguwar sa ta Apoi 2 dake ƙaramar hukumar Ese-Odo domin miƙa takardar ficewa daga jam’iyyar APC sannan ya wuce ofishin jam’iyyar PDP mai unguwa domin yin rijistar sabon mamba.<ref name=":1" /> Tun bayan sauya sheƙarsa Gwamna da jam'iyyar APC suka yi kira ga Ajayi da ya yi murabus daga muƙaminsa na mataimakin gwamnan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]]. Sai dai Ajayi ya ƙi yin murabus kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa har yanzu shi ne zaɓaɓɓen mataimakin gwamnan jihar Ondo duk da ya koma jam’iyyar adawa ta PDP.<ref>https://www.xtra.net/news/politics/agboola-ajayi-ondo-deputy-governor-302877{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin 2020, kwanaki biyu bayan sauya sheƙa zuwa PDP, Gwamna [[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] ya ba da umarnin a janye dukkan mataimakan Ajayi guda bakwai, ciki har da mataimakan biyu da aka baiwa matar mataimakin gwamnan.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/399162-just-in-ondo-2020-akeredolu-sacks-all-his-deputys-aides.html?tztc=1</ref> Ana ci gaba da samun labarin yiwuwar tsige shi tare da raɗe-raɗin cewa ƴan [[majalisar dokokin jihar Ondo]] na shirin tsige shi ko kuma suna shirin tsige shi daga muƙaminsa.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/plot-to-impeach-ondo-deputy-governor-thickens/</ref> Ya tsaya takarar Gwamna a watan Oktoba na 2020 a zaɓen Ondo tare da Gboye Adegbenro a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/409274-ondo-2020-deputy-governor-ajayi-picks-mimikos-ally-as-running-mate.html?tztc=1</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ngper0tf4zennuzuclo6r4l4gsdox3w 0 43581 551777 473114 2024-12-04T15:35:56Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva 2018.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva 2017.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva 2018 Sochi.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo-Silva-2023.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva Emirates Cup - Benfica v Valencia (14675525848).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:WolvesvManCitySeptember2022 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva (Isto É Gozar Com Quem Trabalha, 2024).png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva 2018 Sochi.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bernardo Silva 2018 Sochi.jpg|thumb|Bernardo Silva]] '''Bernardo Mota Veiga de Carvalho e Silva''' (An haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1994). Bernardo, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kai hari, na gaba ko kuma ɗan gefe a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Manchester City da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal. Ana ɗaukar Silva ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan tsakiya a duniya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Silva</ref> ==Farkon rayuwa== An haife shi a [[Lisbon]], Silva ya zo ta makarantar matasa ta Benfica. Ya fara taka leda a Benfica B a cikin shekarata 2013 kuma an haɓaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko a 2014, yana wasa da 'yan mintuna kaɗan tare da na ƙarshe. Ya kasance a matsayin aro a Monaco ta Ligue 1 a kakar 2014-15, tare da Les Monégasques ya koma dindindin a cikin hunturu 2015. Bayan ya lashe kofin gasar tare da su a 2017, kulob din [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na Ingila ya sanya hannu kan wani rahoto. £43.5m. Daga baya ya lashe gasar Premier da kuma gasar cin kofin EFL a kakar wasansa ta farko a Ingila, bayan da ya ci kofin gida a kakar wasa ta gaba. Ya taka rawar gani a City ta zama kungiyar maza ta farko a Ingila da ta ci kofin gida, ana nada shi Gwarzon dan wasan Manchester City a shekarar 2019 kuma yana cikin kungiyar PFA Premier League na bana. Bayan haka, Silva ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 30 da za su lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or. A cikin 2020-21, yana da muhimmiyar rawa a Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na farko. Silva ya fara bugawa Portugal wasa ne a shekarar 2015 bayan da a baya kungiyoyin matasa na kasashe na kasa da kasa da 19 da 21 suka buga wasa. An zabe shi a cikin 'yan wasan Portugal don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2017, 2018 FIFA World Cup, 2019 UEFA Nations League Finals, UEFA Euro 2020 da 2022 FIFA World Cup, wanda ya lashe gasar 2019 a gida yayin da kuma aka nada shi a matsayin dan wasan gasar. ==Aikin kulob== '''Benfica''' Farashin S.L. Tsarin matasa na Benfica, Silva ya taka leda a matsayinsa, kuma a cikin 2013 sun lashe Gasar Juniors na Portugal na 2012–13.<ref>“Benfica garante título nacional de juniores com "bis" de João Cancelo" [Benfica gains portuguese juniors title with a brace from João Cancelo]. ''Expresso''. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.</ref> Ya fara bugawa Benfica B a wasan Segunda Liga da Trofense akan 10 ga Agusta 2013 (Matchday 1).<ref>"Trofense 0 – 0 Benfica B". ''LPFP''. 10 August 2013.</ref> A ranar 19 Oktoba 2013, Silva ya fara bugawa Benfica yana da shekaru 19, a cikin 2013-14 Taça de Portugal zagaye na uku 1-0 nasara a waje da Campeonato Nacional de Seniores kulob din CD. Cinfães, yana fitowa daga benci a cikin minti na 80<ref>“Porto e Benfica cumprem na terceira eliminatória". ''pt.uefa.com'' (in Portuguese). 19 October 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.</ref>. Kyakkyawar aikinsa na Benfica B a cikin 2013–14 Segunda Liga ya ba shi kyautar Gwarzon Dan Wasan lig na shekara.<ref>“Bernardo Silva considerado o Jogador Revelação da II Liga". ''SL Benfica website''. 6 July 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014</ref> Ya kasance memba na kungiyar Benfica ta cikin gida da ta yi nasara a kakar 2013–14.<ref>"Bernardo Silva, o parceiro de Cristiano Ronaldo, completa 26 anos". Futebol na Veia. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2022</ref> '''Monaco''' A kan 7 Agusta 2014, Silva ya koma [[Monaco]] kan yarjejeniyar lamuni na shekara guda.<ref>“Futebol: Ivan Cavaleiro e Bernardo Silva emprestados". ''SL Benfica''. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko ne a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta a gasar Ligue 1 a waje da Bordeaux, inda ya maye gurbin Lucas Ocampos a rabin na biyu.<ref>“Bordeaux – Monaco". ''BBC Sport''. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, ya fara farawansa na farko, a cikin gida da ci 1-0 da Guingamp.<ref>“Monaco sort de la zone rouge". ''news.fr.msn.com'' (in French). 21 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.</ref> A ranar 14 ga Disamba, ya zira kwallo daya tilo na nasara a gida da [[Marseille]].<ref>“AS Monaco 1-0 Marseille". ''ESPN.com''. 14 December 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</ref> A ranar 20 ga Janairu 2015, Benfica ta sanar da cewa an sayar da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da na wasanni na Silva ga Monaco akan Yuro miliyan 15.75; <ref>“Comunicado" [Announcement] (PDF). ''S.L. Benfica'' (in Portuguese). CMVM. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.</ref> ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar Monaco wanda zai ƙare akan 30 Yuni 2019.<ref>“Bernardo Silva commits to the club until 2019". ''AS Monaco FC''. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke [[Caen]] da ci 3-0 a waje.<ref>“Caen vs. Monaco". ''Soccerway''. 10 April 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.</ref> A ranar 10 ga Agusta 2015, Silva ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, tare da ɗaure shi zuwa ƙungiyar har zuwa Yuni 2020.<ref>"Bernardo Silva prolonge d'un an". AS Monaco official website. 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</ref> A wasan gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2016-17 a waje da CSKA Moscow a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2016, Silva ya ramawa Monaco a minti na 87 don tabbatar da cewa wasan ya tashi 1-1.<ref>“CSKA Moscow vs Monaco, 2016–2017 UEFA Champions League group stage". www.goal.com. 18 October 2016.</ref> A ranar 15 ga Janairu shekara ta 2017, ya zura kwallaye biyun karshe na Monaco a wasan da suka doke Marseille 4–1 a waje don taimakawa Monaco ta hau saman teburin Ligue 1 a karon farko tun mako na 5 na gasar Ligue 1 na yanzu.<ref>“Monaco blast way to top spot". www.ligue1.com. 15 January 2017.</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Janairu mai zuwa, Silva ya zura wani ƙwallo mai ƙwallo da ƙwallaye a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da zakarun gasar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a Parc des Princes, wanda ya sanya ƙungiyarsa a saman gasar.<ref>“Monaco return to Ligue 1 summit with PSG draw". www.ligue1.com. 29 January 2017</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta 2016–17 tare da kwallaye 8 da taimakawa 9 a gasar da kwallaye 11 da kuma taimakon 12 a wasannin 58 a duk gasa.<ref>“Bernardo Silva Joins Manchester City on 5-Year Contract from Monaco". Bleacher Report. 27 May 2017.</ref><ref>“Bernardo Silva: the 'bubble gum player' bringing his magic to Manchester City". ''The Guardian''. 28 May 2017.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] qhfj2u0q22juajs6alvx5d4c6pwlcfp 0 43919 551744 278246 2024-12-04T14:35:34Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Calcio di inizio Lecce Atalanta (cropped).jpg|thumb|Josip Iličic a wasan da sukayi da leece watan Maris shekarai 2020]] [[Fayil:Josip Ilicic 2021.jpg|thumb|Josip Iličic]] '''Josip Iličić''' ( Croatian pronunciation: [jǒsip ǐlitʃitɕ] ; an haife shi ne a ashirin 29 ga watan Janairu shekarai alif dari tara da casain da takwas 1988) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Slovenia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga ƙungiyar Slovenia PrvaLiga Maribor . Iličić ya fara aikinsa da manyan yan wasa na ƙwararru tare da qungiyar din Slovenia Bonifika, daga baya kuma yana taka leda a Interblock da Maribor a ƙasarsa, kafin ya koma qasar Italiya a shekarai dubu biyu da goam 2010 don shiga Palermo . A cikin 2013, ya rattaba hannu kan Fiorentina, daga baya kuma don Atalanta a cikin 2017. Bayan ya shafe shekaru goma sha biyu a Italiya, Iličić ya koma Maribor a 2022. Ya ji daɗin mafi kyawun lokacinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa cikin wanda suka fi kowa oyawa tare da Atalanta a qasar italiya, yana zira kwallaye goma sha ɗaya ko fiye a cikin kowane shekaru uku na farko a ƙungiyar tasa kuma an ba shi wuri a cikin shekarai 2018 – 19 Serie A Team of the Year . Shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya zura kwallaye hudu a waje a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, sannan kuma shi ne dan wasa mafi tsufa da ya ci kwallaye hudu a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Iličić ya fara buga wa babbar tawagar kasar Slovenia wasa a watan Agustan shekarai dubu biyu da goma 2010 a wasan sada zumunci dasuka fafata da Australia . Shekaru uku bayan buga wasansa na farko, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya dasuka fafata da qasar kasar Cyprus a watan Satumban 2013. Gabaɗaya, ya buga wasanni 79 a ƙungiyar a cikin aikinsa na shekara goma sha ɗaya. == Aikin kulob == A ranai ashirin da uku 23 ga watan Yuli shekarai 2013, Palermo bisa hukuma ta tabbatar da siyar da Iličić ga abokan hamayyar Serie A Fiorentina a qasar italiya akan gidan yanar gizon su. Daga baya, Fiorentina ta qasar italiya ta sanar da yarjejeniyar a hukumance akan gidan yanar gizon su. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba, an ruwaito cewa yana cikin jimlar Yuro miliyan tara 9 ciki har da wanda ake qarawa add-ons. Ya zura kwallaye shida a kakarsa ta farko a Fiorentina. 2014-15 kakar ya kasance mafi nasara a gare shi, yana gamawa a matsayin babban dan wasan kulob din tare da kwallaye goma a duk gasa, tare da Mario Gomez . [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] iu3p004uuv3usz06gld113xzledpj2a 0 44101 551741 534314 2024-12-04T14:32:07Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Hauwa Allahbura 04.jpg|thumb|Hauwa Allahbura]] [[Fayil:Hauwa Allahbura 04.jpg|thumb|Hauwa Allahbura]] '''Hauwa Allahbura''' ƴar Nigeria ce, yar asalin Kanam Local Government a jihar Plateau, wanda aka haifeta a jihar Legas Nigeria. Kuma mai shirya Fina-finai a [[Nollywood]]. Ita ce Shugabar Cut24 Productions kuma ta shirya fina-finai da yawa ciki har da ''Gidi Blues'' a cikin shekarar 2016 da ''The Eve'' a cikin shekarar 2018, da ''Code Wilo'' a cikin shekarar 2019.<ref name=":0">https://sunnewsonline.com/i-can-never-be-second-wife-hauwa-allahbura-actress/</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/17/netflix-grabs-hauwa-allahburas-eve/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/348336-new-nollywood-political-thriller-code-wilo-hits-cinemas.html?tztc=1</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/on-hauwa-allahburas-political-thriller-code-wilo/</ref>Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Pull Up Naija, kungiyar dake wayar da kan matasan Najeriya kan tsarin gudanar da ayyukanta.&nbsp;ta taka rawar gani a tsarin zaɓe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/hauwa-allahbura-sensitises-young-people-ahead-2023/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2022-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019132224/https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/hauwa-allahbura-sensitises-young-people-ahead-2023/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/20/film-producer-hauwa-allahbura-to-galvanise-youth-for-next-general-election-through-pull-up-naija/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/yinka-davies-hauwa-allahbura-others-join-forces-to-mobilize-youths-ahead-of-2023/</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a jihar Legas a cikin iyalin&nbsp;jami'an kwastam. Saboda yanayin aikin mahaifinta, ta shiga makarantun firamare a wurare uku; makarantar Crescent International, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]; makarantar Crescent International, Kano; da Makarantar Internationalasashen Duniya ta Faransa, Badagry.&nbsp;Ga makarantar sakandare,&nbsp;ta yi makarantar sakandaren ƴan sanda, Minna dake [[Neja|Jihar Neja]] ; da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Ilorin, Jihar Kwara.&nbsp;Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Nazarin Duniya a [[Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa]] da [[Keffi|ke Keffi]]. Har ila yau, ta kammala digiri a Makarantar Fina-finai ta London ; Jami'ar Jihar New York, da Jami'ar Jihar Montana.<ref>https://punchng.com/ive-been-single-for-a-long-time-hauwa-allahbura/</ref> haka zakalika tayi Diploma a Jami'ar Harvard akan Negotiation Mastery. == Tarihin Ahalin Allahbura == Mahaifin Hauwa Allahbura shine Marigayi Alhaji Ilyasu Yakubu Allahbura tsohon difiti kontorola na Custom shine Dana biyu a wajen mahaifinshi Malam Yakubu Allahbura Pate. Tsohon shugaban makaranta ne a tsohuwar Sashen Arewacin Nigeria (Northern Region). Shima Dane ga Malam Salihu Muhammed Allahbura (Pate) wanda yake da dangan taka da Muhammad Maki wanda suka samar da Masarautar Kanam Emirates Na kabilar Nazum Bakwaye wanda suke da asali daga sarautar Jihar Kano.<ref><nowiki>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/17/netflix-grabs-hauwa-allahburas-eve/</nowiki></ref> == Sana'a == Allahbura ta fara aikin ta ne a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen TV na gaskiya. Ta je kallon kallo kuma an zaɓe ta don shiga gidan talabijin na Mnet Family a DSTV tana wasa da halin Maro a cikin ''Tinsel.'' Tun daga nan, ta fito da kuma samar da fina-finai daban-daban ciki har da ''Battle Ground: African Magic'', ''Las Gidi Vice'', ''Gidi Blues'' (2016) ''The Eve'' (2018), ''Code Wilo'' (2019).<ref>https://dailytrust.com/my-oprah-winfrey-dream-hauwa-allahbura/</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ta ƙarfafa wa matasa gwiwa da su shiga zaɓen Najeriya na shekarar 2023 mai zuwa.<ref>https://punchng.com/take-active-part-in-politics-actress-hauwa-allahbura-urges-youths/</ref> == Filmography == * ''Gidi Blues'' (2016) * ''Hauwa'u'' (2018) == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Hauwa Allahbura 01.jpg File:Hauwa Allahbura 02.jpg File:Hauwa Allahbura 03.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] == Sashe mai gabata == '''Hauwa Allahbura 'yar kasuwa ce, 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa, wacce ta kafa PullupNaija.''' tddhatsor13o0j2a1mo7bx9ebfsoym6 0 44283 552377 300827 2024-12-05T11:58:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 552377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Musa Abba Musa and Barr Ibrahim Hussaini.jpg|thumb|Ibirahim hassan]] '''Ibrahim Hussaini Doko''' (24 Satumba 1962) malami ne na kasar Najeriya, malami, mai gudanarwa, kuma memba a Hukumar Gudanarwa na Majalisar Bincike da Ci Gaban Raw Materials, [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. A halin yanzu an nada shi a matsayin darekta-janar kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na Majalisar Bincike da Ci Gaban Raw Materials Research and Development Council, yana yin wa'adi biyu daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kuma a halin yanzu ya karɓi ofis a cikin Afrilu 2019.<ref>Chila Andrew Aondofa (2020-04-08). "[https://www.theabusites.com/professor-ibrahim-hussaini-doko/ Professor Ibrahim Hussaini Doko: DG, Raw Materials Research and Development Council, RMRDC]". ''The Abusites''. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref><ref>"[https://www.rmrdc.gov.ng/press-releases.php?press-release=professor-hussaini-doko-ibrahim-gets-second-term-as-dg-rmrdc Professor Hussaini Doko Ibrahim Gets Second Term As DG RMRDC | Press Releases - RMRDC, Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406171217/https://www.rmrdc.gov.ng/press-releases.php?press-release=professor-hussaini-doko-ibrahim-gets-second-term-as-dg-rmrdc |date=2023-04-06 }}". ''www.rmrdc.gov.ng''. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref> Ya maye gurbin Peter Azikwe Onwualu a karo na farko a shekarar 2014.<ref>admlsc. [https://leadershipscorecard.com/2015/12/10/rmrdc-catalyst-for-diversification-of-nigerias-economy/ "RMRDC: CATALYST FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF NIGERIA'S ECONOMY – Leadership Scorecard"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922004948/http://leadershipscorecard.com/2015/12/10/rmrdc-catalyst-for-diversification-of-nigerias-economy/ |date=2020-09-22 }}. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref> == Karatu == Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Arewacin Doko daga 1968 kuma ya kammala makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati da ke Kontagora a 1979 inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma da bajintar da ya yi. Ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya a shekarar 1984 inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Fasaha da kere-kere, inda ya samu kyautar Oba na Benin a matsayin Mafi kyawun dalibi a Sashen saboda kwazonsa, sannan kuma ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin Kimiyya da Fasaha a Jami’ar Leeds. 1993.<ref>Pilot, Nigerian (2018-04-24). [http://nigerianpilot.com/dr-hussaini-doko-ibrahim-dg-rmrdc/ "Dr. Hussaini Doko Ibrahim DG RMRDC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723095145/http://nigerianpilot.com/dr-hussaini-doko-ibrahim-dg-rmrdc/ |date=2020-07-23 }}. ''Nigerian Pilot News''. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref><ref>[https://nigeriatechnoexpo.gov.ng/team_members/dr-ibrahim-hussaini-doko/ "Dr Ibrahim Hussaini Doko – TECHNO EXPO".] Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref> An kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta British Council Academic Fellowship a,19e86, lambar yabo ta Commonwealth a 1988 kuma an karrama shi Babban Kwamandan Matasan Afirka a Majalisar Matasan Afirka a 2004. == Aiki == Husseini ya samu aiki a matsayin mataimakin digiri a jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zaria bayan ya samu takardar shedar bautar kasa ta kasa a majalisar fasaha da al'adu ta [[Borno|jihar Borno]] a shekarar 1985 kuma bayan wasu shekaru ya zama malami I. A 1993 ya shiga aikin Raw Materials. Majalisar Bincike da Ci gaba a matsayin babban jami'in kimiyya kuma a cikin 1996 ya zama shugaban sashin Babban Ofishin Kimiyya. Daga baya aka kara masa girma zuwa mataimakin darakta mai kula da bincike, tantancewa da sa ido; A wannan matsayi ya kasance mai kula da ofishin Coordinating and Investment Promotion and Consultancy Departments ofishin, kuma ya rike mukamin na karshe kafin nada shi a shekarar 2013 a matsayin darakta mai riko ya kasance darakta a sashen sarrafa sinadarai na masana'antu da ma'adinai.<ref>Edet, Hope (2017-02-27). [https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ibrahim-dr-hussaini-dako/ "IBRAHIM, Dr. Hussaini Dako"]. ''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref><ref>Congress, The Library of. [https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2010105413.html "LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)"]. ''id.loc.gov''. Retrieved 2020-07-23.</ref> Majalisar Bincike da Raw Materials Research and Development Council ta tabbatar da shi a matsayin Darakta-Janar a cikin Maris 2014, kafin nan ya yi aiki a cikin kwamitocin kwamitoci da yawa duka biyu na ministoci da majalissar zartarwa daga cikinsu akwai; * Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Ƙasa kan Masana'antu na Sakamakon Bincike na Kimiyya * Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya * Kwamitin kasa kan shirin share kayan masarufi *Kwamitin Bayar da Shawarar Ozone na Kasa NAOCOM * Sakatare da Memba, Kwamitin Gudanar da Cibiyoyin Bincike na Daraktoci (CODRI) Taron karawa juna sani da Nunin Fasaha da Kwamitin Fasaha na Ministoci akan Ingantacciyar Aikace-aikacen Bincike na R&D da Sakamako a Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Tarayya. * Memba na Chartered Textile Technologist na Cibiyar Yada; C. Rubutu (A.T.I) United Kingdom * Memba na Fellow, Cibiyar Gudanar da Masu ba da shawara * Memba na Fellow, Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Najeriya * memba na Fellow, Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Abokin kungiyar Materials Society of Nigeria == Rayuwa == Yana da yara biyar da matar shi == Rubuche rubuche == * ''Legendary strides of RMRDC @ 25 / editorial advisers''. Raw Materials Research and Development Council, 2013. Ukim Ini, Asanga E. A, Mbuk M. I, Ibrahim, Hussaini D, Onwualu A. P. <nowiki>ISBN 978932250X</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 9789789322503</nowiki> * ''Policy brief on the production of cable in Nigeria; Online version. Government publication, National government publication''. H D Ibrahim, Z Hammanga, B O Olugbemi, S L Wali, Fatima Ilyasu; Raw Materials Research and Development Council Nigeria. <nowiki>ISBN 9789785370249</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 9785370240</nowiki>, OCLC 950473331, OCLC 113869795 * ''Policy brief on the production of kaolin in Nigeria, Government publication, National government publication''. H D Ibrahim, Z Hammanga, B O Olugbemi, S L Wali, A B Isah; Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria), OCLC 1138697879. viii, 42 pages illustrations (chiefly color); 21cm. <nowiki>ISBN 9789785370379</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 9785370372</nowiki>, OCLC 948726736. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} b8fvg8vb2ws67fzk9n5bit2x5t5gmvh 0 44441 552375 426202 2024-12-05T11:57:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 552375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diego Kochen'''an haife shi ne a ranar 19 ga watan maris na shekarar alif 2006, kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa ne dan asalin kasar Amurka wanda ke taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barcelona B a matsayin dan wasa mai tsaron raga. ==SANA'AR KASA== Kochen ya wakilci kungiyar Matasa ta kasar amurka<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diego-kochen/</ref> sannan kuma zai iya wakiltar kasar peru ko kuma Venezuela<ref>https://larepublica.pe/deportes/2022/01/15/seleccion-peruana-portero-del-fc-barcelona-con-nacionalidad-peruana-fue-convocado-por-estados-unidos-diego-kochen</ref> ==MANAZARTA== 40saliaditx2z1mh1t5cit9cz3bihy0 552376 552375 2024-12-05T11:58:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 552376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diego Kochen'''an haife shi ne a ranar 19 ga watan maris na shekarar alif 2006, kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa ne dan asalin kasar [[Amurka]] wanda ke taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barcelona B a matsayin dan wasa mai tsaron raga. ==SANA'AR KASA== Kochen ya wakilci kungiyar Matasa ta kasar amurka<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diego-kochen/</ref> sannan kuma zai iya wakiltar kasar peru ko kuma Venezuela<ref>https://larepublica.pe/deportes/2022/01/15/seleccion-peruana-portero-del-fc-barcelona-con-nacionalidad-peruana-fue-convocado-por-estados-unidos-diego-kochen</ref> ==MANAZARTA== az00tl1fow2tu32vk30mrhdi54b6i1i 0 44534 552372 513518 2024-12-05T11:56:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 552372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chinedu Ezeikpe *nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb|chinedu]] {{Databox}} '''Chinedu Silver Ezeikpe''' dan wasan [[Wasannin Paralympic|nakasassu]] ne daga [[Najeriya]] (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu 1971) yana fafatawa musamman a rukunin F58 throws events.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> Silver ya yi gasa a shot and javelin a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar 2004 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin javelin F58 da kafa tarihin duniya. Daga nan ya yi fafatawa a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin bazara ta shekarar 2008 a cikin dukkan jifa uku amma bai iya bin wasansa na farko ba, kuma ya bari ba tare da lambar yabo ba. <ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?sport=all&games=all&Medal=all&npc=all&name=Ezeikpe&fname=Silver&gender=all profile on paralympic.org]</ref><ref>[[Silver Ezeikpe]] Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> [[File:Chinedu_Ezeikpe_*nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb| Silver Chinedu Ezeikpe a COJA 2003 Abuja All African Paralympic Games]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gdik3atp8hd0uxwpmkx8njy6go8l4f4 552373 552372 2024-12-05T11:56:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 552373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chinedu Ezeikpe *nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb|chinedu]] {{Databox}} '''Chinedu Silver Ezeikpe''' ya kasance dan wasan [[Wasannin Paralympic|nakasashe]] ne daga [[Najeriya]] (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu 1971) yana fafatawa musamman a rukunin F58 throws events.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> Silver ya yi gasa a shot and javelin a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar 2004 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin javelin F58 da kafa tarihin duniya. Daga nan ya yi fafatawa a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin bazara ta shekarar 2008 a cikin dukkan jifa uku amma bai iya bin wasansa na farko ba, kuma ya bari ba tare da lambar yabo ba. <ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?sport=all&games=all&Medal=all&npc=all&name=Ezeikpe&fname=Silver&gender=all profile on paralympic.org]</ref><ref>[[Silver Ezeikpe]] Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> [[File:Chinedu_Ezeikpe_*nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb| Silver Chinedu Ezeikpe a COJA 2003 Abuja All African Paralympic Games]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sb9o39urv7lvbitcrg01r7ry2rytq3q 552374 552373 2024-12-05T11:57:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 552374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chinedu Ezeikpe *nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb|chinedu]] {{Databox}} '''Chinedu Silver Ezeikpe''' ya kasance dan wasan [[Wasannin Paralympic|nakasashe]] ne daga kasar [[Najeriya]] (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu 1971) yana fafatawa musamman a rukunin F58 throws events.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> Silver ya yi gasa a shot and javelin a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar 2004 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin javelin F58 da kafa tarihin duniya. Daga nan ya yi fafatawa a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin bazara ta shekarar 2008 a cikin dukkan jifa uku amma bai iya bin wasansa na farko ba, kuma ya bari ba tare da lambar yabo ba. <ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?sport=all&games=all&Medal=all&npc=all&name=Ezeikpe&fname=Silver&gender=all profile on paralympic.org]</ref><ref>[[Silver Ezeikpe]] Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Silver Ezeikpe Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> [[File:Chinedu_Ezeikpe_*nwakwocha*.jpg|thumb| Silver Chinedu Ezeikpe a COJA 2003 Abuja All African Paralympic Games]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] byxzrr7klchm5yoz2tb0vvoqrpwlhvw 0 44558 552370 271385 2024-12-05T11:54:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 552370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mourad Mahour Ahmed Bacha''' (an haifeshi ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, 1961) ya kasance tsohon ɗan wasan tsere ne na Aljeriya, wanda ya yi gasa a wasan decathlon da javelin thrower.<ref name="AA">[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/359877 Mahour Ahmed Bacha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705044620/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/359877 |date=2017-07-05 }}. All Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha yana daga cikin na gaba-gaba na Afirka da Larabawa decathletes a cikin shekarun 1980s da farkon 1990s. Ya lashe kofuna 23 na ƙasa a cikin aikinsa a fadin decathlon da abubuwan fage daban-daban, gami da title ɗin javelin guda tara. <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/alg.htm Algerian Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya kasance zakaran Afirka sau biyar - sau hudu a cikin decathlon kuma sau ɗaya a cikin javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Har ila yau, sau biyu ya kasance mai samun lambar zinare ta decathlon a [[Wasannin Afirka|Gasar Wasannin Afrika ta All-Africa]], inda ya yi nasara a shekarun 1987 da 1991. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm All-Africa Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya lashe title ɗin decathlon guda uku kai tsaye a Gasar Wasannin Arab daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1987 kuma ya kasance mai lambar zinare sau biyu a gasar Pan Arab Games na shekarar 1985, wanda ke kan gaba a fagen wasan decathlon da javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arg.htm Pan Arab Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha ya bayyana sau ɗaya a matakin duniya, a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a 1983. Ya kasa yin rikodi mai inganci a shot put kuma ya zabi kin kammala gasar. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/algeria/ahmed-mahour-bacha-6404 Ahmed Mahour Bacha]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya saita mafi kyawun rayuwa na maki 7934 a decathlon a ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1985 a [[Aljir|Algiers]]. Mafi kyawun jefa mashinsa tare da sabon samfurin shine 70.20m. == Gasar kasa da kasa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |1981 |[[1981 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7495 pts |- |rowspan=3|1983 |[[1983 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Amman]], Jordan |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6893 pts |- |[[1983 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc996|3rd |Decathlon |6708 pts |- |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], Finland |— |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]] |{{AthAbbr|DNF}} |- |rowspan=2|1984 |rowspan=2|[[1984 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Rabat]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Javelin throw |71.86 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7022 pts |- |rowspan=5|1985 |rowspan=3|[[1985 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Pole vault |4.50 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6712 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |80.04 m |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1985 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7577 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |76.88 m |- |rowspan=2|1986 |rowspan=2|[[1986 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Shot put |14.06 m |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Javelin throw |70.20 m |- |rowspan=2|1987 |[[1987 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7372 pts |- |[[Athletics at the 1987 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7104 pts |- |1988 |[[1988 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Annaba]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7128 pts |- |rowspan=2|1990 |[[1990 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7026 pts |- |[[1990 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Decathlon |6802 pts |- |1991 |[[Athletics at the 1991 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7431 pts |- |1992 |[[1992 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Belle Vue Mauricia]], Mauritius |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7467 pts |} == Titles na ƙasa == * [[Algerian Athletics Championships|Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta Aljeriya]] <ref name="NC"/> ** Shekara ta 1982, 1984, 1985 ** An buga: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 ** Tattaunawa jifa: 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993 ** 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 ** Decathlon: 1982, 1984, 1992 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qgihx8zif21epa4qno97t9jlq9dcnd0 552371 552370 2024-12-05T11:54:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 552371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mourad Mahour Ahmed Bacha''' (an haifeshi ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, 1961) ya kasance tsohon ɗan wasan tsere ne na kasar Aljeriya, wanda ya yi gasa a wasan decathlon da javelin thrower.<ref name="AA">[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/359877 Mahour Ahmed Bacha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705044620/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/359877 |date=2017-07-05 }}. All Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha yana daga cikin na gaba-gaba na Afirka da Larabawa decathletes a cikin shekarun 1980s da farkon 1990s. Ya lashe kofuna 23 na ƙasa a cikin aikinsa a fadin decathlon da abubuwan fage daban-daban, gami da title ɗin javelin guda tara. <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/alg.htm Algerian Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya kasance zakaran Afirka sau biyar - sau hudu a cikin decathlon kuma sau ɗaya a cikin javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Har ila yau, sau biyu ya kasance mai samun lambar zinare ta decathlon a [[Wasannin Afirka|Gasar Wasannin Afrika ta All-Africa]], inda ya yi nasara a shekarun 1987 da 1991. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm All-Africa Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya lashe title ɗin decathlon guda uku kai tsaye a Gasar Wasannin Arab daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1987 kuma ya kasance mai lambar zinare sau biyu a gasar Pan Arab Games na shekarar 1985, wanda ke kan gaba a fagen wasan decathlon da javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arg.htm Pan Arab Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha ya bayyana sau ɗaya a matakin duniya, a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a 1983. Ya kasa yin rikodi mai inganci a shot put kuma ya zabi kin kammala gasar. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/algeria/ahmed-mahour-bacha-6404 Ahmed Mahour Bacha]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Ya saita mafi kyawun rayuwa na maki 7934 a decathlon a ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1985 a [[Aljir|Algiers]]. Mafi kyawun jefa mashinsa tare da sabon samfurin shine 70.20m. == Gasar kasa da kasa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |1981 |[[1981 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7495 pts |- |rowspan=3|1983 |[[1983 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Amman]], Jordan |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6893 pts |- |[[1983 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc996|3rd |Decathlon |6708 pts |- |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], Finland |— |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]] |{{AthAbbr|DNF}} |- |rowspan=2|1984 |rowspan=2|[[1984 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Rabat]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Javelin throw |71.86 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7022 pts |- |rowspan=5|1985 |rowspan=3|[[1985 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Pole vault |4.50 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6712 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |80.04 m |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1985 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7577 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |76.88 m |- |rowspan=2|1986 |rowspan=2|[[1986 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Shot put |14.06 m |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Javelin throw |70.20 m |- |rowspan=2|1987 |[[1987 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7372 pts |- |[[Athletics at the 1987 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7104 pts |- |1988 |[[1988 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Annaba]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7128 pts |- |rowspan=2|1990 |[[1990 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7026 pts |- |[[1990 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Decathlon |6802 pts |- |1991 |[[Athletics at the 1991 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7431 pts |- |1992 |[[1992 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Belle Vue Mauricia]], Mauritius |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7467 pts |} == Titles na ƙasa == * [[Algerian Athletics Championships|Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta Aljeriya]] <ref name="NC"/> ** Shekara ta 1982, 1984, 1985 ** An buga: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 ** Tattaunawa jifa: 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993 ** 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 ** Decathlon: 1982, 1984, 1992 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a7rrggpma5b51ofauz9122iudsecpw9 0 44568 552207 496544 2024-12-05T08:52:35Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 552207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Stéphane Badji 2019.jpg|thumb|hoton dan kwallo stephane]] [[File:Stéphane Diarra Badji 2021.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Stephane Badji 2013.JPG|thumb|Hans Otto Hoheisen]] '''Stéphane Diarra Badji''' (an haife shi 29 ga watan Mayun Shekara ta1990) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta TFF First League Eyüpspor.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/stephane-diarra-badji/232067/</ref> Badji ya tashi daga Senegal zuwa Norway a shekarar ta 2012, ya sanya hannu tare da Sogndal.A shekara ta gaba, ya koma SK Brann, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu kafin ya koma kulob ɗin Istanbul Başakşehir na Turkiyya a 2014. == Aikin kulob == Badji ya fara aikinsa tare da ɗan uwansa [[Ismaïla Diarra Badji]] a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ècole de Mamadou Fayé.<ref>https://archive.ph/20130414084328/http://aresca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=266:stephane-badji-letoile-filante-de-ziguinchor&catid=56:sport&Itemid=89</ref> A cikin hunturu na 2007-2008 ya bar makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mamadou Fayé tare da ɗan'uwansa kuma ya shiga Championnat Professionnel Ligue 1 side Xam-Xam.<ref>https://archive.ph/20130131135404/http://www.perlebiz.com/pays/afrique/afrique-de-l-ouest/senegal/stephane-badji-l-etoile-filante-de-ziguinchor.html</ref> Bayan nasara ta farko ta ƙwararrun kakar ƴan uwan Badji sun sanya hannu a cikin bazara 2009 tare da Casa Sport.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045529/http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/sene09.html</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 2011,ya bar kulob ɗinsa Casa Sport kuma ya sanya hannu tare da kulob ɗin Tippeligaen Sogndal Fotball,<ref>https://archive.ph/20130418144418/http://www.lesoleil.sn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10501:transferts-stephane-badji-du-casa-sports-a-sogndal-&catid=110:football&Itemid=186</ref> ba tare da ɗan uwansa wanda ke wasa a yau tare da Casa Sport ba.<ref>https://archive.ph/20130418144418/http://www.lesoleil.sn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10501:transferts-stephane-badji-du-casa-sports-a-sogndal-&catid=110:football&Itemid=186</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Maris ɗin 2013, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru huɗu tare da Brann.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.brann.no/news/article/1d02pyk54y37y1x1uavwtag7a5/title/badji-har-signert-for-brann |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2015-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120002158/http://www.brann.no/news/article/1d02pyk54y37y1x1uavwtag7a5/title/badji-har-signert-for-brann |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin 2019, Badji ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Ludogorets Razgrad.<ref>https://www.ludogorets.com/bg/news/?i=3135</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 2022, Badji ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Eyüpspor.<ref>https://www.ludogorets.com/bg/news/?i=4652</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Badji ya buga wa tawagar ƙwallon ƙafar Senegal ta ƴan ƙasa da shekaru 23 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012 a London.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120826053228/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/badji-stephane-1109112/</ref> Ya sami babban babban kambun sa na farko a cikin watan Nuwamban 2011 kuma ya buga gasar UEMOA a shekarar 2011.<ref>https://www.au-senegal.com/football-stephane-badji-la-cle-du-succes-senegalais,3286.html?lang=fr</ref> == Ƙididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|match played 21 March 2022<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/stephane-badji/2/</ref><ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/stephane-diarra-badji/232067/</ref><ref>https://www.nifs.no/personprofil.php?person_id=89168</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Sogndal |2012 |Tippeligaen |24 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Brann |2013 | rowspan="2" |Tippeligaen |28 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |28 |0 |- |2014 |21 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |24 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !49 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !52 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |İstanbul Başakşehir |2014–15 |Süper Lig |15 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |0 |- |2015–16 |Süper Lig |15 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !0 !7 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !39 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Anderlecht |2015–16 |Belgian First Division A |6 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |8 |0 |18 |0 |- |2016–17 |Belgian First Division A |10 |0 |1 |0 |7 |0 | colspan="2" |— |18 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !16 !0 !1 !0 !11 !0 !8 !0 !36 !0 |- |Kayserispor (loan) |2017–18 |Süper Lig |31 |3 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |35 |3 |- |Bursaspor |2018–19 |Süper Lig |29 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Ludogorets Razgrad |2019–20 |Bulgarian First League |21 |0 |2 |0 |14 |0 |0 |0 |37 |0 |- |2020–21 |Bulgarian First League |20 |0 |3 |0 |9 |0 |0 |0 |32 |0 |- |2021–22 |Bulgarian First League |16 |0 |2 |0 |13 |0 |0 |0 |31 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !57 !0 !7 !0 !36 !0 !0 !0 !100 !0 |- |Eyüpspor |2021–22 |TFF First League |7 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !243 !3 !24 !0 !49 !0 !8 !0 !324 !3 |} == Girmamawa == '''Wasannin Casa''' * Senegal FA Cup : 2011{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} '''Ludogorets''' * Ƙwallon ƙafa na Farko (Bulgaria) : 2019-20, 2020-21{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} * Bulgarian Supercup : 2019 '''Senegal''' * Gasar UEMOA : 2011{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1990]] t7ulv8u77fdjkuvos9qwv8smwbme6m8 0 44809 552368 516400 2024-12-05T11:53:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 552368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Shinkafa dafa duka.jpg|thumb|shinkafa da wake]] [[Fayil:Hausa food, shinkafa da wake.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa da wake da mai da yaji]] [[Fayil:Red Beans and Rice.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa da wake da miya]] '''Shinkafa da wake''' : wani nau'in Abincin ne na [[hausawa]] mutanen arewacin nigeria,babba da yaro kowa yana son abincin ba don komai ba sai don dadin shi a baki da kuma kayatar da ido da yake yi.<ref>https://cookpad.com/ng-ha/recipes/7750947-shinkafa-da-wake-da-mai-da-yaji-da-salak-da-tumatur</ref> Wake da shinkafa bai tsaya a iya dadi ba,yana dauke da sinadarai masu karawa jiki lafiya da takaita hadarin kamuwa daga cutar ciwon zuciya,ciwon sukari da kansa. Haka nan yana taimakawa wurin daidata kibar jiki duk saboda sinadarin wake da ke cikin sa. Hakanan masana kiwon lafiya sunce duk wani abinci da aka hada shi da rukunin abinci mai kara kuzari(wake) yana karawa abinci lafiya sosai ==Manazarta== 8upan20hg557kwppqvftfn11cz060r6 552369 552368 2024-12-05T11:53:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 552369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Shinkafa dafa duka.jpg|thumb|shinkafa da wake]] [[Fayil:Hausa food, shinkafa da wake.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa da wake da mai da yaji]] [[Fayil:Red Beans and Rice.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa da wake da miya]] '''Shinkafa da wake''' : wani nau'in Abincin ne na [[hausawa]] mutanen arewacin [[Najeriya]], babba da yaro kowa yana son abincin ba don komai ba sai don dadin shi a baki da kuma kayatar da ido da yake yi.<ref>https://cookpad.com/ng-ha/recipes/7750947-shinkafa-da-wake-da-mai-da-yaji-da-salak-da-tumatur</ref> Wake da shinkafa bai tsaya a iya dadi ba,yana dauke da sinadarai masu karawa jiki lafiya da takaita hadarin kamuwa daga cutar ciwon zuciya,ciwon sukari da kansa. Haka nan yana taimakawa wurin daidata kibar jiki duk saboda sinadarin wake da ke cikin sa. Hakanan masana kiwon lafiya sunce duk wani abinci da aka hada shi da rukunin abinci mai kara kuzari(wake) yana karawa abinci lafiya sosai ==Manazarta== lfvcgtmu609d0t8e2oqvb88yqjaks6k 0 44814 552366 251049 2024-12-05T11:52:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 552366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{snub}} {{databox}} '''Cutar Athma''' shekaru har zuwa karshen rayuwa. ==Manazarta== ==Manazarta== fj8ln2kg21jrwj6ju6qmokk37y7jyoq 552367 552366 2024-12-05T11:52:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 552367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} {{databox}} '''Cutar Athma''' shekaru har zuwa karshen rayuwa. ==Manazarta== ==Manazarta== otapl2oi2sfsf2gt1tj77tvd9er50yh 0 44827 551769 490292 2024-12-04T15:27:49Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:RC Lens - SM Caen (22-02-2020) 17.jpg|thumb|Elhadji Pape Diaw]] [[Fayil:RC Lens - SM Caen (22-02-2020) 50.jpg|thumb|Elhadji Pape Diaw ACIKIN TAWAGA ]] [[Fayil:RC Lens - SM Caen (22-02-2020) 17.jpg|thumb|Elhadji Pape Diaw]] '''Elhadji Pape Diaw''' (an haife shi ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] a Faransa. Kulob ɗin Laval. Yana kuma ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da Ukrainian Premier League kulob Rukh Lviv, amma an dakatar da kwangilar. == Aikin kulob == Bayan shekaru huɗu a [[Senegal]], Pape Diaw ya wuce Geel da Korona Kielce kafin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da Angers SCO a cikin watan Janairun 2019. A ranar 27 ga watan Yunin 2019, an ba shi aro tsawon kakar wasa guda zuwa kulob ɗin Caen na Ligue 2. A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, ya rattaɓa hannu a kan zakarun Lithuania [[FK Žalgiris|Žalgiris]]. Ya bar kulob ɗin a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2022. Jim kaɗan bayan, ya sanya hannu tare da Ukrainian gefen Rukh Lviv. Bayan da [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine]], an dakatar da kwangilarsa a ƙarƙashin sababbin dokokin [[FIFA]], wanda ya ba ƴan wasa damar shiga tare da kulake a wajen Ukraine har zuwa 30 ga watan Yunin 2022. A ranar 21 ga watan Maris 2022, ya koma Poland, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da kulob ɗin I liga Arka Gdynia. A ranar 20 ga watan Yunin 2022, an ba shi aro ga Laval na Faransa Ligue 2. == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya buga wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal a ranar 26 ga watan Maris ɗin 2019 a wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mali|Mali]], a matsayin ɗan wasa. == Girmamawa == === Žalgiris === * Shekara : 2021 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Elhadji Pape Diaw at 90minut.pl (in Polish) * {{Soccerway|431230}} * {{NFT player|74078}} * [https://www.angers-sco.fr/equipe-pro/effectif/pape-djibril-diaw Elhadji Pape Diaw] at Angers SCO * Elhadji Pape Diaw – French league stats at Ligue 1 – also available in French [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] 1asi44ed05oggyxa1nfab18x56cvdxo 0 44839 552364 307176 2024-12-05T11:51:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 552364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Colin Bell''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu 1979 a Poudre d'Or) ya Kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Mauritius wanda ke taka leda a Pamplemoussses SC a cikin [[Mauritius]] League da kuma na duniya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Mauritius.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Colin Bell (footballer, born 1979) Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> == Sana'a == Bell ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da ƙungiyar Poudre d'Or ATC. A cikin shekarar 2003, ya koma Faucon Flacq SC na Mauritian League. A cikin shekarar 2006, ya koma Pamplemoussses SC, kuma na gasar [[Mauritius]]. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar, kuma tun daga lokacin ya kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar.<ref>Colin Bell at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === Bell ya sami kyautarsa ta farko a [[Moris|Mauritius]] a shekarar 2006. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya tattara jimillar kofuna 20, kuma ya zama kyaftin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Club M. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mwvbbw3mkt0qio1gvv4ueoh165m9zwl 552365 552364 2024-12-05T11:51:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 552365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Colin Bell''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu 1979 a Poudre d'Or) ya Kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Mauritius wanda ke taka leda a Pamplemoussses SC a cikin [[Mauritius]] League da kuma na duniya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Mauritius.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Colin Bell (footballer, born 1979) Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> == Sana'a == Bell ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararren dan wasan lltare da ƙungiyar Poudre d'Or ATC. A cikin shekarar 2003, ya koma Faucon Flacq SC na Mauritian League. A cikin shekarar 2006, ya koma Pamplemoussses SC, kuma na gasar [[Mauritius]]. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar, kuma tun daga lokacin ya kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar.<ref>Colin Bell at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === Bell ya sami kyautarsa ta farko a [[Moris|Mauritius]] a shekarar 2006. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya tattara jimillar kofuna 20, kuma ya zama kyaftin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Club M. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kgu4q1wvak9upcmwg2zd9rn8tqdpi22 0 44859 552362 340241 2024-12-05T11:49:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 552362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tuwo with miyan kuka and fried fish.jpg|thumb|tuwo da miyan kuka]] [[File:Tuwo shincafa.jpg|thumb|tuwo]] '''Tuwo da miyar kuka''' ya kasance wani nau'ine na abincin gargajiya na hausawa wanda tun a can baya zamanin iyaye da kakanni akeyinsa Wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan abinci masu daɗi da Kuma ƙara lafiya tare da sanya kuzari ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Abincin Hausawa]] mcmiaqhp7vggoi6a08l4y1xc3umco2h 552363 552362 2024-12-05T11:50:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 552363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hujja}} [[File:Tuwo with miyan kuka and fried fish.jpg|thumb|tuwo da miyan kuka]] [[File:Tuwo shincafa.jpg|thumb|tuwo]] '''Tuwo da miyar kuka''' ya kasance wani nau'ine na abincin gargajiya na hausawa wanda tun a can baya zamanin iyaye da kakanni akeyinsa Wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan abinci masu daɗi da Kuma ƙara lafiya tare da sanya kuzari ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Abincin Hausawa]] b4l3x8a5h83rq2es4zvxi2u28soth3u 0 45127 552358 458107 2024-12-05T11:47:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 552358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moussa N'Daw''' (An haifeshi ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, 1968) ya kasance tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Ya yi aikinsa a gasar lig ta Morocco, a Wydad Casablanca a tsakanin shekarar 1991 zuwa 1992 da kuma a cikin ƙwararrun Saudiyya a tsakanin 1992 zuwa 1994 tare da [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] da 1999 zuwa 2000 tare da Al-Ittifaq. Yanzu shi koci ne a Senegal tare da Jeanne d'Arc a Dakar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] 03bc4p3fbz6yyzgby0r3ds4ua4skzoh 552359 552358 2024-12-05T11:48:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 552359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hujja}} {{Databox}} '''Moussa N'Daw''' (An haifeshi ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, 1968) ya kasance tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Ya yi aikinsa a gasar lig ta Morocco, a Wydad Casablanca a tsakanin shekarar 1991 zuwa 1992 da kuma a cikin ƙwararrun Saudiyya a tsakanin 1992 zuwa 1994 tare da [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] da 1999 zuwa 2000 tare da Al-Ittifaq. Yanzu shi koci ne a Senegal tare da Jeanne d'Arc a Dakar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] qh1bsps3wtkk0xrpqo2yk27ecwcmkt9 0 45280 552354 237191 2024-12-05T11:46:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 552354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sunday Ramadhan Manara''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 1952) ya kasance tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin winger. == Sana'a == Wanda ake yi wa lakabi da 'Computer', a cikin shekarar 1977, Manara ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Heracles Almelo ta Holland, ya zama dan Tanzaniya na farko da ya taka leda a Turai. <ref>"Het verhaal Sunday Manara" . teksterij.nl.{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>"Het onvergetelijke anderhalf jaar van Sunday Manara bij Heracles" . tubantia.nl.</ref><ref>"Sunday manara: tropische verrassing" .</ref> <ref>"SUNDAY MANARA, MTANZANIA WA KWANZA KUCHEZA SOKA ULAYA" . binzubeiry.co.tz.</ref><ref>"Jangwani Grounds, once a football hub with over 20 pitches now a floods zone" . thecitizen.co.tz.</ref> A cikin shekarar 1979, ya sanya hannu a kulob ɗin New York Eagles a Amurka. <ref>"UNAMKUMBUKA SUNDAY MANARA "COMPUTER"?" . bongocelebrity.com.</ref> Kafin rabin na biyu na 1979–90, ya sanya hannu a kulob din St. Veit na Austrian.<ref>"Der Ramadhani hat sogar den Prohaska ausgestochen" " . kleinezeitung.at.</ref> Bayan haka, Manara ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Nasr a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. <ref>"Sunday Manara 'Kompyuta' Mtanzania wa kwanza Ulaya" . mwananchi.co.tz.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lgi3jmk5zdfdjcpuj1j9i011wa4t227 552356 552354 2024-12-05T11:47:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 552356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sunday Ramadhan Manara''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 1952) ya kasance tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gefe. == Sana'a == Wanda ake yi wa lakabi da 'Computer', a cikin shekarar 1977, Manara ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Heracles Almelo ta Holland, ya zama dan Tanzaniya na farko da ya taka leda a Turai. <ref>"Het verhaal Sunday Manara" . teksterij.nl.{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>"Het onvergetelijke anderhalf jaar van Sunday Manara bij Heracles" . tubantia.nl.</ref><ref>"Sunday manara: tropische verrassing" .</ref> <ref>"SUNDAY MANARA, MTANZANIA WA KWANZA KUCHEZA SOKA ULAYA" . binzubeiry.co.tz.</ref><ref>"Jangwani Grounds, once a football hub with over 20 pitches now a floods zone" . thecitizen.co.tz.</ref> A cikin shekarar 1979, ya sanya hannu a kulob ɗin New York Eagles a Amurka. <ref>"UNAMKUMBUKA SUNDAY MANARA "COMPUTER"?" . bongocelebrity.com.</ref> Kafin rabin na biyu na 1979–90, ya sanya hannu a kulob din St. Veit na Austrian.<ref>"Der Ramadhani hat sogar den Prohaska ausgestochen" " . kleinezeitung.at.</ref> Bayan haka, Manara ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Nasr a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. <ref>"Sunday Manara 'Kompyuta' Mtanzania wa kwanza Ulaya" . mwananchi.co.tz.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6uhuqvdmrwona3ds6k5o3edlddbxmv1 0 45325 552352 543859 2024-12-05T11:45:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 552352 wikitext text/x-wiki Ma’anar kalmar "'''Azumi'''" a larabci Kamewa da barin wani abu Ma’anar Azumi a Shari’a Shi ne bautawa Allah ta hanyar kamewa daga cin abinci da abin sha da jima’i, tun daga hudowar alfijir har zuwa faduwar rana.<ref>https://hausa.leadership.ng/falalar-ramadan-da-wasu-hukunce-hukuncen-azumi/ </ref> ==Falalar Azumi== Azumi yana da falala mai girma, da lada mai yawa. Allah Madaukakin Sarki ya raba azumi zuwa gare shi, saboda girmama shi da daukaka shi.<ref>. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YvXdCOdmjP8 </ref> Ya zo a cikin hadisi qudusi daga Abu Hurairata – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Dukkan aikin dan Adam ana kan kare masa shi, ana ninka kyakkyawa sau goma, har zuwa ninki dari bakwai. Allah Mai girma da buwaya ya ce, “Sai dai azumi, haqiqa shi nawa ne, ni ne nake ba da ladansa, mutum yana barin sha’awarsa da abincinsa saboda ni. Mai azumi yana da farin cikin biyu, farin ciki yayin buda bakinsa, da farin ciki yayin haduwa da Ubangijinsa. Warin bakin mai azumi ya fi almiski qanshi a wurin Allah” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. ==Hikimar Shar’anta Azumi== 1 – Tabbatar da tsoron Allah, wajen amsa wa umarninsa, da biyayya ga shari’arsa. Allah Maxaukakin Sarki ya ce, “(An wajabta muku azumi ne) ko kwa samu tsoron Allah” (Albaqara : 183). 2 – Saba wa kai haquri, da qarfafa wa zuciya wajen danne sha’awa. 3 – Saba wa mutum da kyautatawa, da jin tausayin mabuqata da talakawa, saboda idan mutum ya xanxani yunwa zuciyarsa za ta yi laushi ta karkata zuwa ga mabuqata. 4 – Samun hutu a jiki da samun lafiya a cikin azumi. ==Hukuncin Yin Azumi== '''Azumin da Allah ya shar’anta ya kasu zuwa ga: ''' 1 – Azumin Wajibi Ya kasu gida biyu : A – Azumin da Allah ne ya wajabta a kan bawa tun da farko, shi ne azumin watan Ramadan, kuma rukuni ne daga rukunan musulunci. B – Azumin da bawa ne yake musababin wajabata wa kansa shi, kamar azumin kaffara. 2 – Azumin Mustahabbi, Shi ne dukkan azumin da shari’a take so a yi shi, kamar azumin ranar Litinin da Alhamis, da azumin kwana uku a kowane wata, da azumin ranar Ashura, da azumin goman farko a cikin watan Zulhijjah, da sittu Shawwal da azumin ranar Arfa. ==Sharuddan Wajabcin Azumi== 1 – Musulunci : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan kafiri. 2 – Balaga : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan yaro qarami, sai dai za a umarce shi da yi idan zai iya, don ya saba. 3 – Hankali : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan Mahaukaci. 4 – Samun Iko : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan wanda ba zai iya yi ba. ==Azumin Watan Ramadan== Azumin watan Ramadan rukuni ne daga rukunan musulunci, kuma farilla ne da Allah ya farlanta a kan bayinsa. Allah Maxaukakin Sarki ya ce , “Ya ku waxanda suka yi imani an wajabta muku azumi kamar yadda aka wajabta wa waxanda suke gabaninku don ku samu taqawa”. (Al-Baqarah: 183) Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “An gina musulunci a bisa ginshiqai biyar” [Buhkari ne ya rawaito shi]. Sai ya ambaci “Azumin watan Ramadan” daga cikinsu. ==Daga Cikin Falalar Watan Ramadan== 1 – A watan Ramadan Ana bude qofofin Aljannah, ana rufe qofofin wuta, ana daure Shaidanu, zuciya tana fuskantar aikin alheri. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Idan Ramadan ya zo, sai a bude qofofin sama, a rufe qofofin Jahannama, a daure Shaidanu” . [Buhkari ne ya rawaito shi] 2 – Yin azumi da tsayuwar sallar asham saboda Allah da neman lada yana gafarta abin da ya gabata na zunubai. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Wanda ya yi azumin watan Ramadan, yana mai imani da neman lada, za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. Ya sake cewa : “Wanda ya yi tsayuwar sallah a watan Ramadan, yana mai imani da neman lada, za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” . [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] 3 – A cikin watan Ramadan Akwai daren Lailatul Qadri, wanda Allah yake cewa a kansa “Daren lailatul Qadri ya fi wata dubu alheri” . (Alqadr : 3) Duk wanda ya tsaya a cikin wannan dare yana mai imani da Allah da neman lada to za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Wanda ya tsaya a daren lailatul Qadri yana mai imani da Allah da neman lada to za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] . 4 – Umara a cikin Ramadan tana daidai da yin aikin hajji tare da Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ). Manzon Allah ya ce, “Umara a cikin Ramadan tana daidai da aikin hajji tare da ni” [Muslim ne ya rawaito shi] 5 – Watan Ramadan watan Alqur'ani ne, a cikinsa aka saukar da shi, don haka ya dace a yawaita karanta shi a cikin wannan wata. Allah ya ce, “Watan Ramadan wanda aka saukar Alqur'ani a cikinsa, Shiriya ne ga mutane, da ayoyin bayanannu da rarrabe wa tsakanin qarya da gaskiya” (Albaqara : 185) . 6 – Watan Ramadan wata ne na kyauta da ciyarwa da sadaka. An karvo daga Abdullahi dan Abbas – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, “ Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya fi dukkan mutane kyauta, ya kasance lokacin da yafi kyauta shi ne a cikin Ramadan, lokacin da Mala'ika Jibrilu yake haduwa da shi. Mala’ika Jibrilu yana haduwa da shi a kowane dare a cikin Ramadan, ya yi karatun Alqur'ani tare da shi. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya fi kowa kyauta lokacin da Mala'ika Jibriru yake hadu da shi, ya fi iska sakakkiya kyauta” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. ==Da me Ake Tabbatar Da Kamawar Watan Ramadan?== Watan Ramadan ya tabbata da ganin wata, idan aka ga wata bayan faduwar ranar ashirin da tara ga watan Sha’aban, to watan Ramadan ya kama, idan kuwa ba a ga wata ba, bayan faduwar ranar ashirin da tara ga watan Sha’aban, ko kuma wani abu ya hana ganinsa, kamar hadari, ko qura, ko hayaqi, to sai a cika lissafin watan Sha’aban kwana talatin. Saboda fadin Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) : “Ku yi azumi don ganin wata, ku sauke don ganinsa, idan an kare muku shi, to ku cika Sha’aban kwana talatin” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] . ==Karya Azumi== Karya azumi haramun ne, kuma yana daga cikin manya-manyan laifuka. Duk wanda ya karya azumin na rana daya ba da wani uzuri ba, kuma bai tuba ba, to babu abin da zai isar masa, koda ya yi azumin zamani gabadaya. Saboda fadin Annabi ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) “Duk wanda ya karya azumi rana xaya daga Ramadan, ba a a kan wani rangwame da Allah ya yi masa ba, to azumin zamani gabadaya ba zai rama masa ba” [ Abu Dawud ne ya rawaito shi] . Azabar wanda ya karya azumi da gangan mai girma ce. An karvo daga Abu Umamata Al-bahili – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, “Na ji Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) yana cewa, ina cikin barci, sai wasu mutane biyu suka zo min,…..sannan suka tafi da ni, sai kawai na ga wasu mutane an rataye su ta agararsu, muqamuqansu a tstssage, jini yana ta kwarara. Sai ya ce, na ce, su wanene wadannan? Sai ya ce, Wadannan sune wadanda suke karya azumi ne tun kafin lokacin shan ruwa ya yi” [Ibn Hibban ne ya rawaito shi] .<ref>https://www.al-feqh.com/ha/falalar-azumi-da-hukuncinsa. </ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Ibadah]] [[category:Musulunci]] as1rfebloagymig1q73l18fngzvf1lw 552353 552352 2024-12-05T11:46:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 552353 wikitext text/x-wiki Ma’anar kalmar "'''Azumi'''" a larabci tana nufin Kamewa da barin wani abu Ma’anar Azumi a Shari’a Shi ne bautawa Allah ta hanyar kamewa daga cin abinci da abin sha da jima’i, tun daga hudowar alfijir har zuwa faduwar rana.<ref>https://hausa.leadership.ng/falalar-ramadan-da-wasu-hukunce-hukuncen-azumi/ </ref> ==Falalar Azumi== Azumi yana da falala mai girma, da lada mai yawa. Allah Madaukakin Sarki ya raba azumi zuwa gare shi, saboda girmama shi da daukaka shi.<ref>. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YvXdCOdmjP8 </ref> Ya zo a cikin hadisi qudusi daga Abu Hurairata – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Dukkan aikin dan Adam ana kan kare masa shi, ana ninka kyakkyawa sau goma, har zuwa ninki dari bakwai. Allah Mai girma da buwaya ya ce, “Sai dai azumi, haqiqa shi nawa ne, ni ne nake ba da ladansa, mutum yana barin sha’awarsa da abincinsa saboda ni. Mai azumi yana da farin cikin biyu, farin ciki yayin buda bakinsa, da farin ciki yayin haduwa da Ubangijinsa. Warin bakin mai azumi ya fi almiski qanshi a wurin Allah” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. ==Hikimar Shar’anta Azumi== 1 – Tabbatar da tsoron Allah, wajen amsa wa umarninsa, da biyayya ga shari’arsa. Allah Maxaukakin Sarki ya ce, “(An wajabta muku azumi ne) ko kwa samu tsoron Allah” (Albaqara : 183). 2 – Saba wa kai haquri, da qarfafa wa zuciya wajen danne sha’awa. 3 – Saba wa mutum da kyautatawa, da jin tausayin mabuqata da talakawa, saboda idan mutum ya xanxani yunwa zuciyarsa za ta yi laushi ta karkata zuwa ga mabuqata. 4 – Samun hutu a jiki da samun lafiya a cikin azumi. ==Hukuncin Yin Azumi== '''Azumin da Allah ya shar’anta ya kasu zuwa ga: ''' 1 – Azumin Wajibi Ya kasu gida biyu : A – Azumin da Allah ne ya wajabta a kan bawa tun da farko, shi ne azumin watan Ramadan, kuma rukuni ne daga rukunan musulunci. B – Azumin da bawa ne yake musababin wajabata wa kansa shi, kamar azumin kaffara. 2 – Azumin Mustahabbi, Shi ne dukkan azumin da shari’a take so a yi shi, kamar azumin ranar Litinin da Alhamis, da azumin kwana uku a kowane wata, da azumin ranar Ashura, da azumin goman farko a cikin watan Zulhijjah, da sittu Shawwal da azumin ranar Arfa. ==Sharuddan Wajabcin Azumi== 1 – Musulunci : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan kafiri. 2 – Balaga : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan yaro qarami, sai dai za a umarce shi da yi idan zai iya, don ya saba. 3 – Hankali : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan Mahaukaci. 4 – Samun Iko : Azumi ba ya wajaba a kan wanda ba zai iya yi ba. ==Azumin Watan Ramadan== Azumin watan Ramadan rukuni ne daga rukunan musulunci, kuma farilla ne da Allah ya farlanta a kan bayinsa. Allah Maxaukakin Sarki ya ce , “Ya ku waxanda suka yi imani an wajabta muku azumi kamar yadda aka wajabta wa waxanda suke gabaninku don ku samu taqawa”. (Al-Baqarah: 183) Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “An gina musulunci a bisa ginshiqai biyar” [Buhkari ne ya rawaito shi]. Sai ya ambaci “Azumin watan Ramadan” daga cikinsu. ==Daga Cikin Falalar Watan Ramadan== 1 – A watan Ramadan Ana bude qofofin Aljannah, ana rufe qofofin wuta, ana daure Shaidanu, zuciya tana fuskantar aikin alheri. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Idan Ramadan ya zo, sai a bude qofofin sama, a rufe qofofin Jahannama, a daure Shaidanu” . [Buhkari ne ya rawaito shi] 2 – Yin azumi da tsayuwar sallar asham saboda Allah da neman lada yana gafarta abin da ya gabata na zunubai. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Wanda ya yi azumin watan Ramadan, yana mai imani da neman lada, za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. Ya sake cewa : “Wanda ya yi tsayuwar sallah a watan Ramadan, yana mai imani da neman lada, za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” . [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] 3 – A cikin watan Ramadan Akwai daren Lailatul Qadri, wanda Allah yake cewa a kansa “Daren lailatul Qadri ya fi wata dubu alheri” . (Alqadr : 3) Duk wanda ya tsaya a cikin wannan dare yana mai imani da Allah da neman lada to za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya ce, “Wanda ya tsaya a daren lailatul Qadri yana mai imani da Allah da neman lada to za a gafarta masa abin da ya gabata na zunubansa” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] . 4 – Umara a cikin Ramadan tana daidai da yin aikin hajji tare da Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ). Manzon Allah ya ce, “Umara a cikin Ramadan tana daidai da aikin hajji tare da ni” [Muslim ne ya rawaito shi] 5 – Watan Ramadan watan Alqur'ani ne, a cikinsa aka saukar da shi, don haka ya dace a yawaita karanta shi a cikin wannan wata. Allah ya ce, “Watan Ramadan wanda aka saukar Alqur'ani a cikinsa, Shiriya ne ga mutane, da ayoyin bayanannu da rarrabe wa tsakanin qarya da gaskiya” (Albaqara : 185) . 6 – Watan Ramadan wata ne na kyauta da ciyarwa da sadaka. An karvo daga Abdullahi dan Abbas – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, “ Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya fi dukkan mutane kyauta, ya kasance lokacin da yafi kyauta shi ne a cikin Ramadan, lokacin da Mala'ika Jibrilu yake haduwa da shi. Mala’ika Jibrilu yana haduwa da shi a kowane dare a cikin Ramadan, ya yi karatun Alqur'ani tare da shi. Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) ya fi kowa kyauta lokacin da Mala'ika Jibriru yake hadu da shi, ya fi iska sakakkiya kyauta” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi]. ==Da me Ake Tabbatar Da Kamawar Watan Ramadan?== Watan Ramadan ya tabbata da ganin wata, idan aka ga wata bayan faduwar ranar ashirin da tara ga watan Sha’aban, to watan Ramadan ya kama, idan kuwa ba a ga wata ba, bayan faduwar ranar ashirin da tara ga watan Sha’aban, ko kuma wani abu ya hana ganinsa, kamar hadari, ko qura, ko hayaqi, to sai a cika lissafin watan Sha’aban kwana talatin. Saboda fadin Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) : “Ku yi azumi don ganin wata, ku sauke don ganinsa, idan an kare muku shi, to ku cika Sha’aban kwana talatin” [Bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito shi] . ==Karya Azumi== Karya azumi haramun ne, kuma yana daga cikin manya-manyan laifuka. Duk wanda ya karya azumin na rana daya ba da wani uzuri ba, kuma bai tuba ba, to babu abin da zai isar masa, koda ya yi azumin zamani gabadaya. Saboda fadin Annabi ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) “Duk wanda ya karya azumi rana xaya daga Ramadan, ba a a kan wani rangwame da Allah ya yi masa ba, to azumin zamani gabadaya ba zai rama masa ba” [ Abu Dawud ne ya rawaito shi] . Azabar wanda ya karya azumi da gangan mai girma ce. An karvo daga Abu Umamata Al-bahili – Allah ya yarda da shi – ya ce, “Na ji Manzon Allah ( ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ) yana cewa, ina cikin barci, sai wasu mutane biyu suka zo min,…..sannan suka tafi da ni, sai kawai na ga wasu mutane an rataye su ta agararsu, muqamuqansu a tstssage, jini yana ta kwarara. Sai ya ce, na ce, su wanene wadannan? Sai ya ce, Wadannan sune wadanda suke karya azumi ne tun kafin lokacin shan ruwa ya yi” [Ibn Hibban ne ya rawaito shi] .<ref>https://www.al-feqh.com/ha/falalar-azumi-da-hukuncinsa. </ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Ibadah]] [[category:Musulunci]] s3ueg88zaxb8hpkwxedemmpw7zetny6 0 45335 552349 459532 2024-12-05T11:45:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 552349 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Gabatarwa== [[File:Waxing half moon over Brofjorden 1.jpg|thumb|hoton watan ramadan]] Al’ummar musulmai na duk fadin duniya sukan dauki '''Azumi''' a lokacin daya (Ba tare da sunci abinci ba ko ruwa) tun daga fitowar Alfijir har zuwa faduwar rana a cikin watan [[Ramadan|RAMADAN.]]<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref> Duk da cewa, ba ana yin azumi ne domin samun lafiya ba, Azumi Umurnine na Allah (S.W.A), Amma tare da haka Kimiyar Zamani ta tabbatarda Azumin (Musamman na watan Ramadan), Yana taka muhimmiyar Rawa wajen Samun Lafiya (Wannan shine bayanin da zanyi). Shi dai Azumi na wajaba ne a kan mutum mai cikakkiyar lafiya, ta hankali da ta jiki, ba mai raunin lafiya ko yaro ba. Wannan shi ya sa a addinance da kuma a likitance ba kowa ne aka yarda ya yi azumi ba. Duk da haka kuma, akwai marasa lafiyar da azumi kan yi wa amfani sosai wadanda su ma zan yi dan bayanin amfanin Azumi a gare su. [[File:Fasting 4-Fasting-a-glass-of-water-on-an-empty-plate.jpg|right|350px]] Ilimin likitanci ya tabbatar da cewa yin Azimi yana daga mafi muhimmancin hanyar da mutum zai samu lafiya, kuma abu ne na tilas a rayuwar mutum ga wanda yake son lafiyarsa ta inganta <ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Hikimar Allah madaukaki ta tabbatar da cewa hatta dabbobi suna barin cin abinci na wasu kwanaki a shekara don samun daidaito a rayuwarsu da lafiyar jikinsu, masu dabbobin sukan dauke shi wani lokaci a matsayin rashin lafiya alhalin lafiyar dabbobinsu qalau. Bincike ya nuna cewa kowace dabba tana da wani lokaci da dole ne ta takaita cin abinci a cikinta don samun daidaito a lafiyar jikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arewa24news.com/ramadan-rana-ta-3-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083010/https://arewa24news.com/ramadan-rana-ta-3-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Azumi da Lafiyan Dan Adam== Babu Shakkah cin abinci bada yawa ba yana sanya hutun hanji da yake takura ciki da sanya yawan maiko da kiba su taso su kange kirji ta yadda huhu zai kasa numfasawa cikin annashuwa, don haka ne ma mutane da yawa suka samu dama a lokacin Azumi don su dawo da kansu daidai da tsara cikinsu da rage kibarsu don samun sa’ida da walwalar jiki. Akwai bayanai masu yawa na likitanci da suke nuna karantuwar gubar da take a cikin abinci da fitar ta daga jikin mutum sakamakon yin Azumi, Na tattara bayanai masu yawa kan wannan lamarin, sai dai ba ni da lokacin da zan iya kawo su cikin wannan gajeren bayani, amma ina fatan dan kadandin zai wadatar matukar za a iya yin aiki da shi. Azumi yana taimakawa wurin kona sukari, da mai da yake cikin hanta da jini da fata, don samun lafiyar zuciya. Akwai bayanai masu yawa da likitoci irin su; Mark Pardon, Cases Karyl, Micheal Angilo, Dakta Muhammad Sa’id Suyuti, Dakta Muhammad Arrawi, da sauran manyan likitocin duniya suka yi kan wannan lamarin da yake nuna matukar mahimmanci da wajabcin Azumi ga rayuwar mutum<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Mutumin da yake jahiltar sirrin jikinsa sai ya dauka yunwa zata illa ta shi ne sakamakon yin Azumi, alhalin yana da ajiyayyen sukari da yake samun amfanin jiki a matsayin gulokojin da aka ajiye a hantarsa wanda zai iya amfana daga gare shi tsawon lokaci, sannan sai ya karkata ga ajiyayyun mai da yake jikinsa, wannan shi ne sirrin da ya sanya zamu ga mutum yana iya amfani da ruwa har kwanaki 40. Sai kuma jiki ya koma tara wasu sinadirai sakamakon hakan ya sake amfani da su don gina gabobinsa da daidaita tsarin rayuwarsu a lokacin Azumi<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Sai dai duk da muhimmancin Azumi ba a yarda kuma a wuce gona da iri wurin yunwata kai ba, don haka daidaito shi ne abin nema (Ba’ason yin Tsallen Badake)<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. A shekarar 1964 Dreanik da masu taimaka masa sun kawo bayanai masu hadari ga jiki idan ya ci gaba da yunwatuwa tsawon lokaci da ya wuce kwanki 30–40. A nan ne zamu ga hikimar shari’ar musulunci da ta yarda mutum ya yi azumi 30 ne kawai. Lallai tafarkin Addinin Manzon Allah (Saww) ne kawai ya yi daidai da ilimi a wannan fagen kamar yadda zamu iya gani. ==Amfanin Azumi ga Lafiyan Dan Adam== Shin ko wane irin tasiri azumi ke yi a jikin mutum? Dr Lawal Musa Tahir wani kwararren likita da ke asibitin Nizamiye a birnin Abuja, ya lissafa alfanun azumi ga jikin dan adam guda takwas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hutudole.com/alfanun-dake-tattare-da-yin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083010/https://hutudole.com/alfanun-dake-tattare-da-yin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 1. Rage yawan sikari daga jikin dan adam 2. Kona kitse 3. Rage teba 4. Inganta lafiyar zuciya 5. Inganta garkuwar jiki 6. Tsaftace jiki da hutar da sassan jiki 7. Inganta lafiyar kwalkwalwa 8. Hana kasala 9. Bayanan bidiyo, 10. Maraba da Watan Ramadan Rage yawan sukari daga jikin dan adam A ka'ida dai jikin mutum ba ya shiga yanayin azumi sosai sai an shafe sa'a takwas bayan abinci na karshe da mutum ya ci. Wannan shi ne lokacin da cikin mutum ya gama narkar da abubuwan gina jiki da ya samu daga abincin. Jim kadan bayan wannan lokacin, jikinmu zai koma wa sikarin da ke adane a hanta da tsokar jikinmu domin samun karfi. Bayan dan lokaci kadan, idan sikarin ya kare, to kitse ne zai koma wuri na gaba da jiki zai iya samun karfi daga gare shi.<ref> Mene ne Littafi Mai Tsarki Ya Ce Game da Azumi?</ref> ===Kone kitsen jikin dan adam=== Idan jikin mutum ya fara kone kitse, wannan na taimakawa wajen rage kiba da rage maiko da kuma rage yiwuwar mutum ya kamu da ciwon siga. ===Rage teba=== Sakamakon kone sukari da kitse a jikin dan adam, hakan na sa nauyi da kibar dan adam ta ragu wadda hakan ce manufar motsa jiki. ===Inganta lafiyar zuciya=== Masana na cewa mutane da dama kimanin kaso 31.5 da ke mutuwa na mutuwa ne sakamakon cututtuka masu alaka da ciwon zuciya. Dr Tahir ya ce azumi na inganta lafiyar zuciya kasancewar yana kone kitse sannan ya kawar da teba, al'amarin da ke daidaita sauka da hawan jini. ===Inganta garkuwar jiki=== Da zarar an kone sukari da kitse kuma an rage teba sannan an samu lafiyar zuciya to dan adam ya kan samu garkuwa da kuzari fiye da lokacin da ba ya azumi.<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref> Ita kuma garkuwa na taimaka wa jiki ne wajen hana kamuwa da wata cuta ko kuma cutar ba za ta yi tasiri a jikin dan adam ba. ===Tsaftace jiki da hutar da sassan jiki=== Idan aka ci rabin watan Ramadan, jikin mutum yana sabawa da azumi. Hanji da koda da huhu da ma fatar mutum na tsaftace kansu. Sannan sassan jikin da ke aikin tace abinci lokacin da mutum ya ci abincin za su huta ne lokacin azumi. ===Inganta Lafiyar kwakwalwa=== Kamar yadda motsa jiki yake sanya kwakwalwa ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata, to sakamakon azumi ana iya samun wannan alfanu. ===Hana kasala=== Idan mutum ya ci abinci sannan ya sha ruwa abin da ke biyo baya a mafi yawan lokaci shi ne kasala. To amma a lokacin azumi babu irin wannan kasala kasancewar ba a ci abinci ba. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Ibada]] chnjx1ryu5b20bgfv42gm1ko4ygz0rt 552350 552349 2024-12-05T11:45:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 552350 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Gabatarwa== [[File:Waxing half moon over Brofjorden 1.jpg|thumb|hoton watan ramadan]] Al’ummar musulmai na duk fadin duniya sukan dauki '''[[Azumi]]''' a lokacin daya (Ba tare da sunci abinci ba ko ruwa) tun daga fitowar Alfijir har zuwa faduwar rana a cikin watan [[Ramadan|RAMADAN.]]<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref> Duk da cewa, ba ana yin azumi ne domin samun lafiya ba, Azumi Umurnine na Allah (S.W.A), Amma tare da haka Kimiyar Zamani ta tabbatarda Azumin (Musamman na watan Ramadan), Yana taka muhimmiyar Rawa wajen Samun Lafiya (Wannan shine bayanin da zanyi). Shi dai Azumi na wajaba ne a kan mutum mai cikakkiyar lafiya, ta hankali da ta jiki, ba mai raunin lafiya ko yaro ba. Wannan shi ya sa a addinance da kuma a likitance ba kowa ne aka yarda ya yi azumi ba. Duk da haka kuma, akwai marasa lafiyar da azumi kan yi wa amfani sosai wadanda su ma zan yi dan bayanin amfanin Azumi a gare su. [[File:Fasting 4-Fasting-a-glass-of-water-on-an-empty-plate.jpg|right|350px]] Ilimin likitanci ya tabbatar da cewa yin Azimi yana daga mafi muhimmancin hanyar da mutum zai samu lafiya, kuma abu ne na tilas a rayuwar mutum ga wanda yake son lafiyarsa ta inganta <ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Hikimar Allah madaukaki ta tabbatar da cewa hatta dabbobi suna barin cin abinci na wasu kwanaki a shekara don samun daidaito a rayuwarsu da lafiyar jikinsu, masu dabbobin sukan dauke shi wani lokaci a matsayin rashin lafiya alhalin lafiyar dabbobinsu qalau. Bincike ya nuna cewa kowace dabba tana da wani lokaci da dole ne ta takaita cin abinci a cikinta don samun daidaito a lafiyar jikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arewa24news.com/ramadan-rana-ta-3-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083010/https://arewa24news.com/ramadan-rana-ta-3-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Azumi da Lafiyan Dan Adam== Babu Shakkah cin abinci bada yawa ba yana sanya hutun hanji da yake takura ciki da sanya yawan maiko da kiba su taso su kange kirji ta yadda huhu zai kasa numfasawa cikin annashuwa, don haka ne ma mutane da yawa suka samu dama a lokacin Azumi don su dawo da kansu daidai da tsara cikinsu da rage kibarsu don samun sa’ida da walwalar jiki. Akwai bayanai masu yawa na likitanci da suke nuna karantuwar gubar da take a cikin abinci da fitar ta daga jikin mutum sakamakon yin Azumi, Na tattara bayanai masu yawa kan wannan lamarin, sai dai ba ni da lokacin da zan iya kawo su cikin wannan gajeren bayani, amma ina fatan dan kadandin zai wadatar matukar za a iya yin aiki da shi. Azumi yana taimakawa wurin kona sukari, da mai da yake cikin hanta da jini da fata, don samun lafiyar zuciya. Akwai bayanai masu yawa da likitoci irin su; Mark Pardon, Cases Karyl, Micheal Angilo, Dakta Muhammad Sa’id Suyuti, Dakta Muhammad Arrawi, da sauran manyan likitocin duniya suka yi kan wannan lamarin da yake nuna matukar mahimmanci da wajabcin Azumi ga rayuwar mutum<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Mutumin da yake jahiltar sirrin jikinsa sai ya dauka yunwa zata illa ta shi ne sakamakon yin Azumi, alhalin yana da ajiyayyen sukari da yake samun amfanin jiki a matsayin gulokojin da aka ajiye a hantarsa wanda zai iya amfana daga gare shi tsawon lokaci, sannan sai ya karkata ga ajiyayyun mai da yake jikinsa, wannan shi ne sirrin da ya sanya zamu ga mutum yana iya amfani da ruwa har kwanaki 40. Sai kuma jiki ya koma tara wasu sinadirai sakamakon hakan ya sake amfani da su don gina gabobinsa da daidaita tsarin rayuwarsu a lokacin Azumi<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. Sai dai duk da muhimmancin Azumi ba a yarda kuma a wuce gona da iri wurin yunwata kai ba, don haka daidaito shi ne abin nema (Ba’ason yin Tsallen Badake)<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref>. A shekarar 1964 Dreanik da masu taimaka masa sun kawo bayanai masu hadari ga jiki idan ya ci gaba da yunwatuwa tsawon lokaci da ya wuce kwanki 30–40. A nan ne zamu ga hikimar shari’ar musulunci da ta yarda mutum ya yi azumi 30 ne kawai. Lallai tafarkin Addinin Manzon Allah (Saww) ne kawai ya yi daidai da ilimi a wannan fagen kamar yadda zamu iya gani. ==Amfanin Azumi ga Lafiyan Dan Adam== Shin ko wane irin tasiri azumi ke yi a jikin mutum? Dr Lawal Musa Tahir wani kwararren likita da ke asibitin Nizamiye a birnin Abuja, ya lissafa alfanun azumi ga jikin dan adam guda takwas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hutudole.com/alfanun-dake-tattare-da-yin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083010/https://hutudole.com/alfanun-dake-tattare-da-yin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 1. Rage yawan sikari daga jikin dan adam 2. Kona kitse 3. Rage teba 4. Inganta lafiyar zuciya 5. Inganta garkuwar jiki 6. Tsaftace jiki da hutar da sassan jiki 7. Inganta lafiyar kwalkwalwa 8. Hana kasala 9. Bayanan bidiyo, 10. Maraba da Watan Ramadan Rage yawan sukari daga jikin dan adam A ka'ida dai jikin mutum ba ya shiga yanayin azumi sosai sai an shafe sa'a takwas bayan abinci na karshe da mutum ya ci. Wannan shi ne lokacin da cikin mutum ya gama narkar da abubuwan gina jiki da ya samu daga abincin. Jim kadan bayan wannan lokacin, jikinmu zai koma wa sikarin da ke adane a hanta da tsokar jikinmu domin samun karfi. Bayan dan lokaci kadan, idan sikarin ya kare, to kitse ne zai koma wuri na gaba da jiki zai iya samun karfi daga gare shi.<ref> Mene ne Littafi Mai Tsarki Ya Ce Game da Azumi?</ref> ===Kone kitsen jikin dan adam=== Idan jikin mutum ya fara kone kitse, wannan na taimakawa wajen rage kiba da rage maiko da kuma rage yiwuwar mutum ya kamu da ciwon siga. ===Rage teba=== Sakamakon kone sukari da kitse a jikin dan adam, hakan na sa nauyi da kibar dan adam ta ragu wadda hakan ce manufar motsa jiki. ===Inganta lafiyar zuciya=== Masana na cewa mutane da dama kimanin kaso 31.5 da ke mutuwa na mutuwa ne sakamakon cututtuka masu alaka da ciwon zuciya. Dr Tahir ya ce azumi na inganta lafiyar zuciya kasancewar yana kone kitse sannan ya kawar da teba, al'amarin da ke daidaita sauka da hawan jini. ===Inganta garkuwar jiki=== Da zarar an kone sukari da kitse kuma an rage teba sannan an samu lafiyar zuciya to dan adam ya kan samu garkuwa da kuzari fiye da lokacin da ba ya azumi.<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1325799-ramadan-amfanin-azumi-ga-lafiyar-dan-adam.html</ref> Ita kuma garkuwa na taimaka wa jiki ne wajen hana kamuwa da wata cuta ko kuma cutar ba za ta yi tasiri a jikin dan adam ba. ===Tsaftace jiki da hutar da sassan jiki=== Idan aka ci rabin watan Ramadan, jikin mutum yana sabawa da azumi. Hanji da koda da huhu da ma fatar mutum na tsaftace kansu. Sannan sassan jikin da ke aikin tace abinci lokacin da mutum ya ci abincin za su huta ne lokacin azumi. ===Inganta Lafiyar kwakwalwa=== Kamar yadda motsa jiki yake sanya kwakwalwa ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata, to sakamakon azumi ana iya samun wannan alfanu. ===Hana kasala=== Idan mutum ya ci abinci sannan ya sha ruwa abin da ke biyo baya a mafi yawan lokaci shi ne kasala. To amma a lokacin azumi babu irin wannan kasala kasancewar ba a ci abinci ba. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Ibada]] l9vgw8l3mqvarlnguds4qnpm9k1fnqm 0 45477 552346 248181 2024-12-05T11:44:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 552346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} '''Yakubu Bauchi'''' shine wanda ake kira da malamin bauchi a lokacin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] wanda ya sarauta a [[Bauchi]] a shekarun da su ka shude. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 1mht5nh1f7x3b5lutfx8h5yv13wscdw 552347 552346 2024-12-05T11:44:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 552347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} '''Yakubu Bauchi'''' shine wanda ake kira da malamin bauchi a lokacin Shehu [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] wanda ya sarauta a garin [[Bauchi]] a shekarun da su ka shude. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} qh6t0sxb6n9wje91e65azuwi5cztzwr 0 45493 552343 312543 2024-12-05T11:43:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 552343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Bose''' (An haife shine ranar 15 ga watan zul hijja a Shekara ta alif 1934) a garin [[Nabayi]] kar kashin ƙaramar hukumar [[Ganjuwa]], Jihar Bauchi. Sunan Muhammad (Bose) a kalmar fullanci ce wato dan fari. Yana da yara sama da talatin Maza da Mata, da matan da ya aura guda hudu, Biyu daga cikin dangi, daya Yar sarkin Dass a jihar [[Bauchi]] daya daga garin [[Gombe]] tsohu war yanki daga cikin Bauchi, (ba a samu bayanin yadda ya auri matan sa. Ƴaƴayen sa manya kadan daga ciki akwai [[Idris Muhammad Bose]], Lami Bose, Adamu Bose, Nafisa Bose, [[Mahamud Bose]], Aminu Bose, Raliya Bose, Malliya Bose, Hadiza Bose, [[Asma'u Bose]] waɗanda aka fi sani [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/442501468780898611/pdf/multi0page.pdf] ==Labarin sa== [[Muhammad Bose]] [[Nabayi]] ya kasance daya daga cikin wayayyun mutane a cikin [[Fulani]] garin [[Ganjuwa]] na farko. Yayi duk rayuwarsa ne a ƙasar Najeriya. Ana kuma masa laƙabi da Bose. A matsayinsa na a gwan natin garin [[Bauchi]]. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin mai girma shekara ta dubu biyu, wato Commissioner, Bauchi State Civil Service Commission. Muhammad Bose Nabayi, ya fito ne daga ƙabilar fulani.<ref>Miles, William F. S. (1994). ''Hausaland divided : colonialism and independence in [[Nijeriya]] and Niger''.p.46</ref>. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1934]] 555v2dax8w52em7un16y2ij6rsqsrr8 552344 552343 2024-12-05T11:43:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 552344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Bose''' (An haife shine ranar 15 ga watan zul hijja a Shekara ta alif 1934) a garin [[Nabayi]] kar kashin ƙaramar hukumar [[Ganjuwa]], Jihar Bauchi. Sunan Muhammad (Bose) a kalmar fullanci ce wato dan fari. Yana da yara sama da talatin Maza da Mata, da matan da ya aura guda hudu, Biyu daga cikin dangi, daya Yar sarkin Dass a jihar [[Bauchi]] daya daga garin [[Gombe]] tsohu war yanki daga cikin Bauchi, (ba a samu bayanin yadda ya auri matan sa. Ƴaƴayen sa manya kadan daga ciki akwai [[Idris Muhammad Bose]], Lami Bose, Adamu Bose, Nafisa Bose, [[Mahamud Bose]], Aminu Bose, Raliya Bose, Malliya Bose, Hadiza Bose, Asma'u Bose waɗanda aka fi sani [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/442501468780898611/pdf/multi0page.pdf] ==Labarin sa== [[Muhammad Bose]] [[Nabayi]] ya kasance daya daga cikin wayayyun mutane a cikin [[Fulani]] garin [[Ganjuwa]] na farko. Yayi duk rayuwarsa ne a ƙasar Najeriya. Ana kuma masa laƙabi da Bose. A matsayinsa na a gwan natin garin [[Bauchi]]. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin mai girma shekara ta dubu biyu, wato Commissioner, Bauchi State Civil Service Commission. Muhammad Bose Nabayi, ya fito ne daga ƙabilar fulani.<ref>Miles, William F. S. (1994). ''Hausaland divided : colonialism and independence in [[Nijeriya]] and Niger''.p.46</ref>. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1934]] 23rgqfnkttagzv04pvuumgyiuvghsu3 0 45532 552341 238241 2024-12-05T11:42:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 552341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adérito Waldemar Alves Carvalho''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 1981), ya kasance wanda aka fi sani da '''Dedé''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Angola]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Dedé a [[Lobito]], [[Angola]]. Bayan farawa a ƙasarsa ta asali tare da kulob ɗin Académica Petróleos do Lobito, Dedé ya koma Portugal, ya fara bayyana tare da lowly O Elvas CAD da CD Portosante. A cikin shekarar 2006–07 kakar ya shiga CD Trofense a second division, kasancewarsa muhimmin memba na ƙungiyar farko. Dedé ya rattaba hannu a kulob ɗin FC Paços de Ferreira a shekara ta 2007–08, inda ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2007 bayan ya koma gida a ci 1-3 da CS Marítimo.<ref>"Dedé: "Derrotas trazem vantagens" " [Dedé: "There's an upside to a defeat"]. Record (in Portuguese). 24 August 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2018.</ref> Ita ce kwallon sa kawai a lokacin wasannin. A lokacin rani na 2009, Dedé ya sanya hannu a kulob ɗin AC Arles-Avignon a Faransa Ligue 2, amma ya bar kulob din bayan 'yan watanni kuma ya koma [[Romainiya|Romania]] tare da kulob ɗin FC Timişoara. Ya fara wasansa na farko a hukumance a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu 2010, a FC Steaua București. Dedé ya shiga tawagarsa ta uku a cikin kasa da shekara guda a cikin kaka na 2010, [[Cyprus]] ' Olympiakos Nicosia. Ya ci gaba da fafatawa a kasar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tare da kulob ɗin AEL Limassol. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Dedé ya fara wakiltar Angola ne a shekara ta 2007, inda aka gayyace shi zuwa gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekara mai zuwa, yayin da ‘yan wasan kasar suka tsallake zuwa matakin rukuni. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Dedé at ForaDeJogo (archived) * {{NFT player|19137}} * {{Soccerway|aderito-waldemar-alves-de-carvalho/17030}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r1bloheokt1widdcod7od9cdexfaf0h 552342 552341 2024-12-05T11:42:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 552342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adérito Waldemar Alves Carvalho''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 1981), ya kasance wanda aka fi sani da '''Dedé''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Angola]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Dedé a [[Lobito]], [[Angola]]. Bayan farawa a ƙasarsa ta asali tare da kulob ɗin Académica Petróleos do Lobito, Dedé ya koma ƙasar Portugal, ya fara bayyana tare da lowly O Elvas CAD da CD Portosante. A cikin shekarar 2006–07 kakar ya shiga CD Trofense a second division, kasancewarsa muhimmin memba na ƙungiyar farko. Dedé ya rattaba hannu a kulob ɗin FC Paços de Ferreira a shekara ta 2007–08, inda ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2007 bayan ya koma gida a ci 1-3 da CS Marítimo.<ref>"Dedé: "Derrotas trazem vantagens" " [Dedé: "There's an upside to a defeat"]. Record (in Portuguese). 24 August 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2018.</ref> Ita ce kwallon sa kawai a lokacin wasannin. A lokacin rani na 2009, Dedé ya sanya hannu a kulob ɗin AC Arles-Avignon a Faransa Ligue 2, amma ya bar kulob din bayan 'yan watanni kuma ya koma [[Romainiya|Romania]] tare da kulob ɗin FC Timişoara. Ya fara wasansa na farko a hukumance a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu 2010, a FC Steaua București. Dedé ya shiga tawagarsa ta uku a cikin kasa da shekara guda a cikin kaka na 2010, [[Cyprus]] ' Olympiakos Nicosia. Ya ci gaba da fafatawa a kasar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tare da kulob ɗin AEL Limassol. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Dedé ya fara wakiltar Angola ne a shekara ta 2007, inda aka gayyace shi zuwa gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekara mai zuwa, yayin da ‘yan wasan kasar suka tsallake zuwa matakin rukuni. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Dedé at ForaDeJogo (archived) * {{NFT player|19137}} * {{Soccerway|aderito-waldemar-alves-de-carvalho/17030}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l6yarth8bvd5c8vsmnv17ukldj8ukf1 0 45597 552337 415484 2024-12-05T11:40:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 552337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azumin''' watan Ramadan ibada ce ta wajibi ga dukkan musulmai baki daya, Azumin watan [[Ramadan]] ginshiki ne daga cikin ginshiken Addinin Musulunci, wanda cikar [[musuluncin]] [[musulmi]] bai cika sai da shi, Shari'ah ce wadda [[Allah]] (SWT) ya yi umarni da yinta a cikin Al'qur'ani mai Girma inda yake cewa "An wajabta yin azumi a gareku kamar yanda aka wajabta shi ga wadanda suke gabaninku domin ku zamo masu tsoron Allah". Azumin watan Ramadan ibada ce wadda ake kamewa daga barin ci ko sha ko saduwa da iyali tsawon yini daga hudowar Alfijir zuwa Faduwar Rana (Magrib). Ana yin shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 30 ko 29 a cikin watan Ramadan wanda shine wata na Tara a jerin watannin musulunci. <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan</ref> == Azumi a kasar Hausa == Musulmai a kasar Hausa suna azumi kamar kowace al'ummar musulmin duniya kamar yanda aka shar'anta masu suna daukar azumin ne bisa umarnin Sarkin Musulmi ta hanyar ganin jimjirin wata. Idan Masarautar Daular Musulunci tayi umarnin fara duban watan Ramadan Yara da Matasa da sauran al'umma suna fitowa suyi dafifi domin duban watan tun daga lokacin da rana tazo faduwa har zuwa gari ya fara duhu, bayan an sami sanarwa yara zasu fito suna murna suna wake wake na gargajiya na ganin watan azumin.<ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> Iyalai suna fara shirye shiryen kayan azumi tun kafin shigowar watan, tsare tsaren abincin Sahur dana buda baki, Abinci kala-kala, daban-daban na gargajiya ake shiryawa. A wasu sassa musamman kauyuka makada masu amfani da ganga ake umarta da su agaya cikin mutane domin su sanar dasu cewa an ga wata Sarkin Musulmi yabada sanarwar a dauki azumi. Ramadan wata ne na falala wanda daukacin musulmai musamman a kasar Hausa suke dukufa wajen Salloli da bada Sadakoki da neman yarda da gafarar Allah SWT, Masallatai da dama suna shirya karatun Tafsirin Al'qur'ani mai Girma. Malamai da dama sukan shirya tarurruka domin fadakarwa da zaburar da jama'a wajen zage damtse wurin yin Bauta da addu'oi da dagewa kwarai da gaske wajen yin bauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://theguildng.com/ramadan-greetings-and-nigerian-language/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329002819/https://theguildng.com/ramadan-greetings-and-nigerian-language/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan Azumin goma Farko, yara da matasa sukan yi wasa na gargajiya da ake kira da 'Tashe'. Tashe wasa ne na gargajiya wanda ya kunshi raye-raye, wakokin grgajiya, da barkwanci domin a nishadantar da mutane, masu yin wasan tashe suna zagayawa gida gida suna yin wasan ana basu kudi na tukuici, wasu kuma suna zagayawa cikin kasuwanni da rana suna yin wassanin , wannan wasa na tsahe ana yinsa ne na tsawon kwanaki goma. <ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> A Goman karshe na watan Ramadan, kamar yanda yazo a Al'qur'ani mai girma cewa ana dacewa da daren 'Laylatul Qadri' a wannan ranakun a cikin mara, mutane da yawa suna dafifi wajen fita zuwa masallatai domin yin sallar dare ta Tahajjud, wasu kuma suna tarewa a manyan masallatai musamman na juma'a su dukufa dayin ibada. Kaha zalika wa wannan kwanaki ne Mutane suke shagala wajen ganin sunyi dunkuna sababbi domin Sallar Idi, wanda wani biki ne da ake gudanarwa bayan kammala azumin watan Ramadan. Ana samun sanarwa da umarni daga fadar Sarkin Musukmi cewa sabon wata ya tsaya don haka watan Ramadan ya kare kowa zai aje azumi don gobe take Sallah. <ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> == Al'adun bahaushe lokacin Azumi == == Manazarta == <references /> hex5rygzlwhtko1j75kla528izzl3hb 552339 552337 2024-12-05T11:41:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 552339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azumin''' watan Ramadan ibada ce ta wajibi ga dukkan musulmai baki daya, Azumin watan [[Ramadan]] ginshiki ne daga cikin ginshiken Addinin Musulunci, wanda cikar musuluncin [[musulmi]] bai cika sai da shi, Shari'ah ce wadda [[Allah]] (SWT) ya yi umarni da yinta a cikin Al'qur'ani mai Girma inda yake cewa "An wajabta yin azumi a gareku kamar yanda aka wajabta shi ga wadanda suke gabaninku domin ku zamo masu tsoron Allah". Azumin watan Ramadan ibada ce wadda ake kamewa daga barin ci ko sha ko saduwa da iyali tsawon yini daga hudowar Alfijir zuwa Faduwar Rana (Magrib). Ana yin shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 30 ko 29 a cikin watan Ramadan wanda shine wata na Tara a jerin watannin musulunci. <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan</ref> == Azumi a kasar Hausa == Musulmai a kasar Hausa suna azumi kamar kowace al'ummar musulmin duniya kamar yanda aka shar'anta masu suna daukar azumin ne bisa umarnin Sarkin Musulmi ta hanyar ganin jimjirin wata. Idan Masarautar Daular Musulunci tayi umarnin fara duban watan Ramadan Yara da Matasa da sauran al'umma suna fitowa suyi dafifi domin duban watan tun daga lokacin da rana tazo faduwa har zuwa gari ya fara duhu, bayan an sami sanarwa yara zasu fito suna murna suna wake wake na gargajiya na ganin watan azumin.<ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> Iyalai suna fara shirye shiryen kayan azumi tun kafin shigowar watan, tsare tsaren abincin Sahur dana buda baki, Abinci kala-kala, daban-daban na gargajiya ake shiryawa. A wasu sassa musamman kauyuka makada masu amfani da ganga ake umarta da su agaya cikin mutane domin su sanar dasu cewa an ga wata Sarkin Musulmi yabada sanarwar a dauki azumi. Ramadan wata ne na falala wanda daukacin musulmai musamman a kasar Hausa suke dukufa wajen Salloli da bada Sadakoki da neman yarda da gafarar Allah SWT, Masallatai da dama suna shirya karatun Tafsirin Al'qur'ani mai Girma. Malamai da dama sukan shirya tarurruka domin fadakarwa da zaburar da jama'a wajen zage damtse wurin yin Bauta da addu'oi da dagewa kwarai da gaske wajen yin bauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://theguildng.com/ramadan-greetings-and-nigerian-language/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329002819/https://theguildng.com/ramadan-greetings-and-nigerian-language/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan Azumin goma Farko, yara da matasa sukan yi wasa na gargajiya da ake kira da 'Tashe'. Tashe wasa ne na gargajiya wanda ya kunshi raye-raye, wakokin grgajiya, da barkwanci domin a nishadantar da mutane, masu yin wasan tashe suna zagayawa gida gida suna yin wasan ana basu kudi na tukuici, wasu kuma suna zagayawa cikin kasuwanni da rana suna yin wassanin , wannan wasa na tsahe ana yinsa ne na tsawon kwanaki goma. <ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> A Goman karshe na watan Ramadan, kamar yanda yazo a Al'qur'ani mai girma cewa ana dacewa da daren 'Laylatul Qadri' a wannan ranakun a cikin mara, mutane da yawa suna dafifi wajen fita zuwa masallatai domin yin sallar dare ta Tahajjud, wasu kuma suna tarewa a manyan masallatai musamman na juma'a su dukufa dayin ibada. Kaha zalika wa wannan kwanaki ne Mutane suke shagala wajen ganin sunyi dunkuna sababbi domin Sallar Idi, wanda wani biki ne da ake gudanarwa bayan kammala azumin watan Ramadan. Ana samun sanarwa da umarni daga fadar Sarkin Musukmi cewa sabon wata ya tsaya don haka watan Ramadan ya kare kowa zai aje azumi don gobe take Sallah. <ref>https://www.taghribnews.com/en/news/103164/fasting-of-ramadan-in-hausa-land-northern-nigeria</ref> == Al'adun bahaushe lokacin Azumi == == Manazarta == <references /> tm3wg5pdnekxyrppz2f32o8utufny1m 0 45676 552334 545319 2024-12-05T11:39:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 552334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''1. '''Ma’anarta, a harshen Larabci da kuma Shari’ah. <ref> https://islamhouse.com/read/ha/fikhu-a-sawwake-2778721 </ref> a. Ma’anarta, a harshen Larabci, shi ne: Nufi da dogara. b. Ma’anarta, a Shari’ah; shafar fuska da hannuwa da turbaya mai tsarki akan a siffa kebantacciya. Kuma yana daga cikin abun da Allah ya kebanci wannan al’umma da shi, wato madadin amfani da ruwa. ==2. Wanda aka yardar wa ya yi Taimama?.== [[Fayil:Antigo (soil).jpg|thumb|kasan da Ake taimama]] 1. Rashin ruwa ko nisansa.<ref> https://www.al-feqh.com/en/tayammum-dry-ablution </ref> [[Fayil:Sossusvlei south view.jpg|thumb|Kasa]] 2. Idan mutum yana da ciwo ko rashin lafiya, kuma yana tsoron cutarwa idan ya yi amfani da ruwa. 3. Idan ruwa ya kasance mai sanyi sosai kuma bai samu abun da zafafa shi ba, (wato zai dunduma). 4. Idan ya bukaci ruwan sha ko waninsa, kuma yana tsoron kishi zai iya yi masa illa ga kuma ruwan kadan ne, to sai ya yi taimama. ==3. Sharuddan wajabcin taimama.== a. Balaga.<ref> https://assalafytsafe.wordpress.com/2020/06/11/taimama/ </ref> b. Ikon samun amfani da turbaya. c. Samuwar hadasi wanda ya warwara alwalar. ==4. Sharuddan ingancin taimama.== 1. Musulunci<ref> https://islamhouse.com/read/ha/taimama-da-hukunce-hukuncenta-453002 </ref> 2. Yankewar jinin al’ada ko biki. 3. Hankali. 4. Samun wuri mai tsarki. ==5. Farillan taimama.== 1. Niyya. 2. Wuri mai tsalki. 3. Bugu na farko. 4. Shafar fuska da tafikann ha nnuwa. ==6. Sunnonin taimama.== 1. Bismillah. ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ 2. Fuskantar alkibila. 3. Ta kasance ayi ta a lokacinda za’ayi sallah. 4. Bugun kasa na biyu. 5. Jerantawa. 6. Tsattsefe yatsun hannu. ==7. Abubuwan dake warware taimama.== 1. Samun ruwa. 2. Abubuwan dake warware alwala da wanka to suna warware taimama, domin ita taimama abar musanyawarsu ce, kuma abunda ya warware na asali (wato alwala da wanka) to yana warware na biye da shi. ==8. Yadda ake taimama.== Sai mutum ya yi niyya, ya ambaci sunan Allah (ya ce: ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ), sai ya bugi kasa da hannuwansa, sa’annan fuskar shi da tafikan hannuwansa da turbayan a jere. ==9. Taimama ga mai dauri ko ciwo.== Duk wanda akwai karaya ko ciwo ko kurji a jikinsa, kuma yana tsoron cutuwa idan ya wanke wajan da ruwa, ko kuma zai sa shi damuwa idan ya shafa, to sai ya yi taimama bayan haka sai ya wanke sauran. Duk wanda ya rasa ruwa ko turbaya a kowanni hali to sai ya yi sallah gwargwadon halin kuma ba zai sake ta ba. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category: Musulunci]] sqw1kpunyutsml1gr89gisk1ja5azbg 552336 552334 2024-12-05T11:40:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 552336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''1. '''Ma’anarta, a harshen Larabci da kuma Shari’ah. <ref> https://islamhouse.com/read/ha/fikhu-a-sawwake-2778721 </ref> a. Ma’anarta, a harshen Larabci, shi ne: Nufi da dogara. b. Ma’anarta, a Shari’ah; shafar fuska da hannuwa da turbaya mai tsarki akan a siffa kebantacciya. Kuma yana daga cikin abun da Allah ya kebanci wannan al’umma da shi, wato madadin amfani da ruwa. ==2. Wanda aka yardar wa ya yi Taimama?.== [[Fayil:Antigo (soil).jpg|thumb|kasan da Ake taimama]] 1. Rashin ruwa ko nisansa.<ref> https://www.al-feqh.com/en/tayammum-dry-ablution </ref> [[Fayil:Sossusvlei south view.jpg|thumb|Kasa]] 2. Idan mutum yana da ciwo ko rashin lafiya, kuma yana tsoron cutarwa idan ya yi amfani da ruwa. 3. Idan ruwa ya kasance mai sanyi sosai kuma bai samu abun da zafafa shi ba, (wato zai dunduma). 4. Idan ya bukaci ruwan sha ko waninsa, kuma yana tsoron kishi zai iya yi masa illa ga kuma ruwan kadan ne, to sai ya yi taimama. ==3. Sharuddan wajabcin taimama== a. Balaga.<ref> https://assalafytsafe.wordpress.com/2020/06/11/taimama/ </ref> b. Ikon samun amfani da turbaya. c. Samuwar hadasi wanda ya warwara alwalar. ==4. Sharuddan ingancin taimama== 1. Musulunci<ref> https://islamhouse.com/read/ha/taimama-da-hukunce-hukuncenta-453002 </ref> 2. Yankewar jinin al’ada ko biki. 3. Hankali. 4. Samun wuri mai tsarki. ==5. Farillan taimama== 1. Niyya. 2. Wuri mai tsalki. 3. Bugu na farko. 4. Shafar fuska da tafikann ha nnuwa. ==6. Sunnonin taimama== 1. Bismillah. ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ 2. Fuskantar alkibila. 3. Ta kasance ayi ta a lokacinda za’ayi sallah. 4. Bugun kasa na biyu. 5. Jerantawa. 6. Tsattsefe yatsun hannu. ==7. Abubuwan dake warware taimama== 1. Samun ruwa. 2. Abubuwan dake warware alwala da wanka to suna warware taimama, domin ita taimama abar musanyawarsu ce, kuma abunda ya warware na asali (wato alwala da wanka) to yana warware na biye da shi. ==8. Yadda ake taimama== Sai mutum ya yi niyya, ya ambaci sunan Allah (ya ce: ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ), sai ya bugi kasa da hannuwansa, sa’annan fuskar shi da tafikan hannuwansa da turbayan a jere. ==9. Taimama ga mai dauri ko ciwo== Duk wanda akwai karaya ko ciwo ko kurji a jikinsa, kuma yana tsoron cutuwa idan ya wanke wajan da ruwa, ko kuma zai sa shi damuwa idan ya shafa, to sai ya yi taimama bayan haka sai ya wanke sauran. Duk wanda ya rasa ruwa ko turbaya a kowanni hali to sai ya yi sallah gwargwadon halin kuma ba zai sake ta ba. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category: Musulunci]] f48wp7ad51n3as8njx3qwdg3sd5swse 0 45686 551745 506420 2024-12-04T14:36:29Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:24.01.2023 - Encontro com o Presidente da República de Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel.jpg|thumb|Migual]] [[Fayil:Miguel Díaz-Canel 2023.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:24.01.2023 - Encontro com o Presidente da República de Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel - 52647566483.jpg|thumb|Inácio Miguel]] '''Inácio Miguel Ferreira dos Santos''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Disamba 1995), wanda aka fi sani da '''Inácio Miguel''', ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ko kuma [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Angolan Petro de Luanda. An haife shi a Portugal, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Angola. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 28 ga watan Satumba 2016, Inácio ya fara wasansa na farko tare da Braga B a wasan 2016-17 LigaPro da kulob ɗin Aves.<ref>"Sp.Braga B 2-2 Aves" . ForaDeJogo. 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2017-01-30.</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni 2019 Inácio Miguel ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din Liga II Universitatea Cluj.<ref>"Bine ați venit la "U", Hugo Firmino și Inacio Miguel!" (in Romanian). fcuniversitateacluj.ro. 30 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni 2021, ya koma kulob ɗin Mafra.<ref>"INÁCIO MIGUEL É REFORÇO" (in Portuguese). Mafra. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:22.06.2023 - Encontro com o Presidente da República de Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez (52994078603).jpg|thumb|Inácio Miguel]] A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba 2020, babban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Angola ta kira Inácio Miguel.<ref>"Convocatória Seleção da Honras data FIFA de 5 a 13 de outubro de 2020" (PDF). Angolan Football Federation (in Portuguese). 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko a ranar 13 ga watan Oktoba 2020 a matsayin maye gurbin rabin lokaci yayin wasan sada zumunci da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mozambique|Mozambique]].<ref>Amistoso ANGOLA vs Moçambique on YouTube</ref> Ya lashe kofuna hudu a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{NFT player|79893}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Inácio Miguel at ForaDeJogo (archived) * {{Soccerway|inacio-miguel-ferreira-santos/360457}} * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/pt/liga/clube/20162017/ledmanligapro/286/jogador/69285 Stats and profile at LPFP] {{In lang|pt}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2y33j68ha7oevo3g3a7ziwjbfa6zy3j 0 45859 552196 527073 2024-12-05T08:48:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 552196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Topic About Islam.png|thumb|Tambatin tataunawa akan addinin islama]] [[Fayil:Nation of islam part01.pdf|thumb|Litafi mai bayani ziryan akan musulumci]] [[Fayil:SaheehAlBukhari.png|thumb|sahhel buhari litaffi akan riba]] '''Ma'anar Riba''' a yaran '''larabci''': Ita ce kari da bunkasa, anacewa: Ribar dukiya shi ne idan ta karu kuma ta bunkansa, kuma ya karu sau hamsin. Ana anfani da Kalmar riba ga dukkanin cinikin da ya zama haramtacce. Riba a gun malaman fikhu: ita ce kari akan wasu abubuwa kebbantattu. Ko kuma Yarjejeniya ce akan wani abu kebantacce wanda ba'a sani ba a san yanayinsa ba a mahanga ta musulunci a lokacin da aka kulla yarjejeniyar, ko ma tare da jinkiri a abubuwan da za a karba biyu ko daya daga cikinsu.<ref>https://islamhouse.com/ha/books/2778721#t72</ref> ==Hikimar Harumta Riba a Musulunci== 1. Rashin samun daidaito tsakani wahala da anfanuwa domin kasance wan mai bashi kuma wanda ya ba da ribar, bai yi wani kokari ba, kuma bai yi wani aiki ba, sannan kuma ba ya daukar asara, na abinda ya auku na a kasuwancin ada kuma abinda ya mallaka na riba.<ref>https://islamqa.org/hanafi/askimam/4261/my-question-is-regarding-a-riba-mortgage-i-bought-a-house-in-my-country-by-riba-mortgage-2-years-ago-when-i-was-non-muslim-i-was-christian-then-so-i/</ref> 2. Rugujewar tattalin arzikin al'umma, da sababin mai bashi zai dogara ne da riba saboda ha shi ba zai yi wani aiki ba, sa'annan ya sa shi ya zama mai yawan hutawa mai yawan kasala, don kodayin riba da kuma kuntatawa wanda aka ba bashi, saboda neman abinda zai cika ka'idojin riba. 3. Rugujewar kyakkyawar zamantakewa tsakanin al'umma ta sanadiyyar rashin taimako tsakanin mutane, na abunda zai tamaka dole wajan tarwatsa kan jama'ah da yaduwar kyashi da son kai, maimakon taimako da soyyaya da fifita mabukata tsakanin al'umma.<ref>https://www.soundvision.com/article/5-ways-to-deal-with-the-dilemma-of-riba</ref> 4. Raba mutane zuwa mataki biyu masu jayyaya da juna, matakin masu neman wuce iyaka da masu nuna finkarfi da dukiyoyin su, da kuma matakin talakawa raunana wa. ==Manazarta== m7jok66ipc7jvaiuab5hxz11e62pnr9 552198 552196 2024-12-05T08:48:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 552198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Topic About Islam.png|thumb|Tambatin tataunawa akan addinin islama]] [[Fayil:Nation of islam part01.pdf|thumb|Litafi mai bayani ziryan akan musulumci]] [[Fayil:SaheehAlBukhari.png|thumb|sahhel buhari litaffi akan riba]] '''Ma'anar Riba''' a yaran '''larabci''': Ita ce kari da bunkasa, anacewa: Ribar dukiya shi ne idan ta karu kuma ta bunkansa, kuma ya karu sau hamsin. Ana anfani da Kalmar riba ga dukkanin cinikin da ya zama haramtacce. Riba a gun malaman fikhu: ita ce kari akan wasu abubuwa kebbantattu. Ko kuma Yarjejeniya ce akan wani abu kebantacce wanda ba'a sani ba a san yanayinsa ba a mahanga ta musulunci a lokacin da aka kulla yarjejeniyar, ko ma tare da jinkiri a abubuwan da za a karba biyu ko daya daga cikinsu.<ref>https://islamhouse.com/ha/books/2778721#t72</ref> ==Hikimar Harumta Riba a Musulunci== 1. Rashin samun daidaito tsakani wahala da kuma anfanuwa domin kasance wan mai bashi kuma wanda ya ba da ribar, bai yi wani kokari ba, kuma bai yi wani aiki ba, sannan kuma ba ya daukar asara, na abinda ya auku na a kasuwancin ada kuma abinda ya mallaka na riba.<ref>https://islamqa.org/hanafi/askimam/4261/my-question-is-regarding-a-riba-mortgage-i-bought-a-house-in-my-country-by-riba-mortgage-2-years-ago-when-i-was-non-muslim-i-was-christian-then-so-i/</ref> 2. Rugujewar tattalin arzikin al'umma, da sababin mai bashi zai dogara ne da riba saboda ha shi ba zai yi wani aiki ba, sa'annan ya sa shi ya zama mai yawan hutawa mai yawan kasala, don kodayin riba da kuma kuntatawa wanda aka ba bashi, saboda neman abinda zai cika ka'idojin riba. 3. Rugujewar kyakkyawar zamantakewa tsakanin al'umma ta sanadiyyar rashin taimako tsakanin mutane, na abunda zai tamaka dole wajan tarwatsa kan jama'ah da yaduwar kyashi da son kai, maimakon taimako da soyyaya da fifita mabukata tsakanin al'umma.<ref>https://www.soundvision.com/article/5-ways-to-deal-with-the-dilemma-of-riba</ref> 4. Raba mutane zuwa mataki biyu masu jayyaya da juna, matakin masu neman wuce iyaka da masu nuna finkarfi da dukiyoyin su, da kuma matakin talakawa raunana wa. ==Manazarta== l59bcbszxze9ps3le41hrhejazfvq78 0 45890 552258 243426 2024-12-05T09:47:27Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dymna Sumish''' ( Ukraine ) ƙungiyar kiɗa ce ta Ukraine. An kafa ta a ranar 3 ga Disamban 1998 a Chernihiv, ƙungiyar tana yin wakoki a gauraye da salon hardcore, punk da rock. Wanda suka zo na ɗaya a gasan bukukuwan « Chervona Ruta » (Ukraine), «Pearls na Season» (Ukraine), «Boards» (Moscow), « Woodstock » (Poland). Sunan kungiyar na nufin ''Haɗin Hayaki''. Duk membobin kungiyar ma’abota cin ganyayyaki ne a matsayin abinci . Suna bayyana ra'ayinsu a fili game da tashin hankali, muggan kwayoyi da barasa, suna ƙoƙarin isar wa masu sauraro da kiɗansu da waƙoƙinsu akan darajar rayuwa. A cikin watan Afrilun 2012 mahalarta kungiyar sun ce kungiyar ta dakatar da ayyukansu na dan lokaci saboda rashin iya jure wa halin da ake ciki a Ukraine - lokacin da al'ada ba ta da daraja, amma a maimakon haka ace kowanne abu yana da manufa, gwaje-gwajen zamantakewa da kuma " totalitarianism ". == Membobin da suka gabata == * Oleksandr Chemerov - vocals, guitar, kururuwa * Serhiy Martynov - guitar, sitar * Igor Herzhyna - bass * Oleh Fedosov - ganguna == Kundi == * [[Ty zhyvyi]] (2005) ( ''Ти живий'' ) * [[V kraini iliuziy]] (2008) ( ''В країні ілюзій'' ) * [[Dymna Sumish (album)|Dymna Sumish]] (2009) ( ''Димна Суміш'' ) == Bidiyon wakoki == * "В Країні Ілюзій" (2007) * "Psіходелічні Краї" (2008) * "Bкрай Стомлений" (2008) * "Kayan" (2008) * "Tsarin, Танцюй" (2008) * "Kwayoyin Halitta" (2009) * "R'N'R" (2009) * "Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa" (2009) * "Karma"<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/4FvbxH8Vnew Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518121719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FvbxH8Vnew Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FvbxH8Vnew|title=Димна Суміш - Карма|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (2010) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820061148/http://dymnasumish.com.ua/ Shafin hukuma] [[Category:Kungiyar mawaka na mata]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 40lcsvni0ipep0d9pfgdhef8vanlj8p 552259 552258 2024-12-05T09:47:41Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dymna Sumish''' ( Ukraine ) ƙungiyar kiɗa ce ta Ukraine. An kafa ta a ranar 3 ga Disamban 1998 a Chernihiv, ƙungiyar tana yin wakoki a gauraye da salon hardcore, punk da rock. Wanda suka zo na ɗaya a gasan bukukuwan « Chervona Ruta » (Ukraine), «Pearls na Season» (Ukraine), «Boards» (Moscow), « Woodstock » (Poland). Sunan kungiyar na nufin ''Haɗin Hayaki''. Duk membobin kungiyar ma’abota cin ganyayyaki ne a matsayin abinci . Suna bayyana ra'ayinsu a fili game da tashin hankali, muggan kwayoyi da barasa, suna ƙoƙarin isar wa masu sauraro da kiɗansu da waƙoƙinsu akan darajar rayuwa. A cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 2012 mahalarta kungiyar sun ce kungiyar ta dakatar da ayyukansu na dan lokaci saboda rashin iya jure wa halin da ake ciki a Ukraine - lokacin da al'ada ba ta da daraja, amma a maimakon haka ace kowanne abu yana da manufa, gwaje-gwajen zamantakewa da kuma " totalitarianism ". == Membobin da suka gabata == * Oleksandr Chemerov - vocals, guitar, kururuwa * Serhiy Martynov - guitar, sitar * Igor Herzhyna - bass * Oleh Fedosov - ganguna == Kundi == * [[Ty zhyvyi]] (2005) ( ''Ти живий'' ) * [[V kraini iliuziy]] (2008) ( ''В країні ілюзій'' ) * [[Dymna Sumish (album)|Dymna Sumish]] (2009) ( ''Димна Суміш'' ) == Bidiyon wakoki == * "В Країні Ілюзій" (2007) * "Psіходелічні Краї" (2008) * "Bкрай Стомлений" (2008) * "Kayan" (2008) * "Tsarin, Танцюй" (2008) * "Kwayoyin Halitta" (2009) * "R'N'R" (2009) * "Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa" (2009) * "Karma"<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/4FvbxH8Vnew Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518121719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FvbxH8Vnew Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FvbxH8Vnew|title=Димна Суміш - Карма|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (2010) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820061148/http://dymnasumish.com.ua/ Shafin hukuma] [[Category:Kungiyar mawaka na mata]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b3utxlgg60ubu31kr2dj71a2dpm00ra 0 45896 552185 497110 2024-12-05T08:44:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 552185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nigella Sativa Seed.jpg|thumb|'Ya 'yan Habbatussauda]] [[Fayil:Nigella sativa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-227.jpg|thumb|bishiyar Habbatussauda]] '''Habbatussauda''' tana da amfani sosai don manzon Allah (s.a.w) yace nahore ku da habbatussauda, don tana magance kowace irin cuta in banda tsufa ko mutuwa,haka kuma malaman duniya sun tabbatar,da cewa tana maganin<ref> https://darussunnahkt.wordpress.com/2020/04/21/amfanin-man-habbattussauda-da-qwayoyinta-ajikin-dan-adam/ </ref> kowace irin cuta. [[Fayil:CDC Kidney and Diabetes graphic.jpg|thumb|Hanta]] ==Maganin Ciwon Hanta== Cokali guda na Man Habbatus sauda, Cokali uku na Zuma, Cokali guda na garin ‘bawon rumman, ahadasu waje guda asha. Bayan kuma an sha sai kuma asha kofi<ref> https://www.arewangle.com.ng/2022/04/amfanin-habbatussauda-ga-azzakari.html </ref> guda na Nono (tsala ko Kindirmo) ko kuma Madara Gwangwani guda. In sha Allahu za’a samu lafiya daga chutar Olsa, Basur, da kuma ciwon Hanta. ==Hawan Jini== Ga mai fama da hawan jini, a kullum za ka zuba rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a ruwan zafi daidai yadda za a iya sha, bayan ya huce kaɗan sai a sha. Sannan a kasance masu yawan amfani da tafarnuwa, a abinci, ko shayi , motsa jikin<ref> https://www.taskarmuu.com/2022/09/ashe-haka-habbatus-sauda-ke-da-matukar.html?m=1 </ref> musamman lokacin da rana ta fara fitowa kafin tayi zafi sosai. ==Tari== Rabin cokali na man Habbatus -Sauda za a zuba a cikin kofi daya na shayin kofi (Coffee) za a yi haka sau biyu a rana, sannan ka shafa man Habbatus- Sauda a kirjin ka da kuma gadon bayanka. ==Inganta Lafiyar Fata== Habbatus- Sauda za ki samu sai ki hada da man zaitun , sai ki wanke fuskar , wannan hadin za ki shafa a fuska , bayan awa daya<ref> https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2020/06/maganin-wasu-cututtuka-da-man-habbatus-sauda-yake-ga-lafiya.html </ref> sai ki wanke. ==Zubewar Gashin Kai== Ga mata masu fama da matsalar zubewar gashi, sai su hada man Habbatus_Sauda da man Zaitun, bayan su tsefe gashin sai su bi layi-layi na gashin suna sa masa man tare da yiwa kan tausa. ==Ciwon Kunne== Irin kwayar Habbatus-Sauda za ka gasa shi sama-sama, sannan ka ni ka shi , sai ka sa man Habbatus- sauda rabin cokali, man Zaitun rabin cokali, sai ka hadesu a mazubi mai kyau, sirinji zaka samu sai ka dure wannan hadin maganai aciki, zaka diga akunne sau biyu a rana. ==zafin Jiki== Aduk sanda ka samu kanka a cikin yanayi na zafin jiki, sai ka zuba rabin cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda a cikin shayi mara madara, sai ka sha. Zaka iya cigaba dayi har sai zafin jikin yayi sanyi. ==Kurajen Fuska== Ga masu fama da matsalolin kurajen fuska sai ki samu abarba ki markadata sannan ki tace ruwan abarba a kofi, sai ki dauko man Habbatus-Sauda ki sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda, in kuma baki da abarba sai kiyi amfani da lemun tsami mai manya-manya a maimakon abarba. Za ki sha kafin kici abinci da kuma da daddare kafin ki kwanta barci har na tsawon wata 1, sannan za ki iya amfani (Kalonji pimple cream) na fuska. Yana da kyau ki daina cin abincin da zafi sosai. Wandanna sune akdan daga cikin amfani ko tasirin Mai da kwayar irin Habbatus-Sauda ke samarwa ga lafiyar jikinmu. Amma abinda hankulan mu anan shi ne , in kazo siyan man Hbbatus-Sauda ko irin yana da kyau ka kula sosai , don wasu ana siyar masu da “ black caraway” amatsayin Man Habbatus-Sauda wanda kowanen su abu ne mabambanta. Sannan yana da kyau ka kula da iya adadin da za kayi amfani da shi , domin amfanin da shi har yar zarta, ma’ana ya wuce misali na iya illatar da kai. Man Habbatus-Sauda, ana kiran sa da suna daban- daban, aduk inda ka ga an rubuta suna kamar haka “ Kalonji, Black cumin, Habal-al-baraka.” To shi ne black seed oil wato Habbatus-Sauda. Lafiyarka jarinka. ==Mura Da Sanyi== Ga mai fama da mura sai ya samu zuma su hada da Man Habbatus-Sauda, sai ya sha rabin cokali a kullum sannan su diga man kadan a cikin hanci. ==Matsalar da ta Shafi Hanci Da Makogwaro== Ga mai fama da irin wannan matsalolin, sai ya samu lemun tsami mai kyau, ya matse ruwan a kofi sannan ya zuba ruwan zafi sosai akai, rabin cokali na man habbatus- Sauda, sannan sai ya shaki wannan tiririn ruwan zafin. Haka zai yi sau biyu a rana. ==Gurbacewar Ciki== Ga mai fama da, gurbacewa ciki , sai ya sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a cikin kofi daya kindirmo daya. Za ka sha sau biya a rana. ==Ciwon Baya== Ga amasu fama matsalolin ciwon baya sai su , samu kamar cokali 1-2 na man Habbatus- Sauda sai ya dora akan wuta yayi dan dumi, wannan man zasu shafa a bayan su tare da yiwa wajen tausa , a hankali. Sannan su sha man Habbatus- Sauda, karamin cokali sau uku a rana. ==Rage Damuwa== Ga masu fama da yawan damuwa , ko kuma su ji duk sun takura , sai su sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a shayi ko kuma a kofe ( coffee). ==Ciwon Kirji== Ga masu fama da ciwon kirji, sai ya samu, man Habbatus-Sauda ya hada da zuma a waje daya, bayan su hada, sai su shafa a daidai inda yake ciwon tare da lailaya man sosai ta yadda zai ratsa cikin jikin sosai, sannan a sha cokali daya da safe da kuma yamma a kullum. ==Tsutsar Ciki== Ga mai fama da tsutsar ciki, sai ya nika irin kwayar Habbatus-Sauda guda 14 , sai ya hada da rabin karamin cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda tare da rabin- rabi karamin cokali na ruwan kal ( apple cider vinegar) sai a hada da ¼ litar ruwa. In shaa Allahu za’a samu sauki. ==Matsalolin Al'ada== Ga mace mai fama da matsalolin da suka shafi al’ada sai ta samu zuma cokali daya ta zuba a kofin ruwan dumi, sannan ta sa karami cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda, sai ki sha sau biyu a rana, har na tsawon kwana 40 ==Hasken Fata== Man Habbatus-Sauda na da amfani wajen haskaka fata, ba tare da ya haifar da wata illa ba. Abinda za ki yi, shi ne ki samu gram 50 na Man Habbatus-Sauda da gram 50 na Man Zaitun sai ki hada waje guda, za ki sha karamin cokali daya a kullum kafin cin abincin safe. ==Amosarin Gashin Kai== Man Habbatus-Sauda 10 grams za ki hada da 30 grams na man Zaitu sannan ki zuba 30 grams na lalle na gargajiya a ciki, kwabasu za kiyi sannan ki dan dumama shi akan wuta, bayan ya dan huce sai ki shafa wannan kwabin akan, sannan ki sa hular lede bayan minti 15-30 sai ki wanke, za ki iya yin haka sau biyu a sati. ==Kuturta (Leprosy)== Ga mai fama da ciwon kuturta sai su matse lemun zaki a kofi daya sannan ya sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda ya juya sosai, za ya sha sau biyu a rana. In shaa Allahu za’a samu waraka. ==Manazarta== <references />{{Stub}} dtvqzya9egvazrywdxwy882cp9klopu 552192 552185 2024-12-05T08:47:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 552192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nigella Sativa Seed.jpg|thumb|'Ya 'yan Habbatussauda]] [[Fayil:Nigella sativa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-227.jpg|thumb|bishiyar Habbatussauda]] '''Habbatussauda''' tana da amfani sosai don manzon Allah (s.a.w) yace nahore ku da habbatussauda, don tana magance kowace irin cuta in banda tsufa ko mutuwa,haka kuma malaman duniya sun tabbatar,da cewa tana maganin<ref> https://darussunnahkt.wordpress.com/2020/04/21/amfanin-man-habbattussauda-da-qwayoyinta-ajikin-dan-adam/ </ref> kowace irin cuta. [[Fayil:CDC Kidney and Diabetes graphic.jpg|thumb|Hanta]] ==Maganin Ciwon Hanta== Cokali guda na Man Habbatus sauda, Cokali uku na Zuma, Cokali guda na garin ‘bawon rumman, ahadasu waje guda asha. Bayan kuma an sha sai kuma asha kofi<ref> https://www.arewangle.com.ng/2022/04/amfanin-habbatussauda-ga-azzakari.html </ref> guda na Nono (tsala ko Kindirmo) ko kuma Madara Gwangwani guda. In sha Allahu za’a samu lafiya daga chutar Olsa, Basur, da kuma ciwon Hanta. ==Hawan Jini== Ga mai fama da hawan jini, a kullum za ka zuba rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a ruwan zafi daidai yadda za a iya sha, bayan ya huce kaɗan sai a sha. Sannan a kasance masu yawan amfani da tafarnuwa, a abinci, ko shayi , motsa jikin<ref> https://www.taskarmuu.com/2022/09/ashe-haka-habbatus-sauda-ke-da-matukar.html?m=1 </ref> musamman lokacin da rana ta fara fitowa kafin ta kasance tayi zafi sosai. ==Tari== Rabin cokali na man Habbatus -Sauda za a zuba a cikin kofi daya na shayin kofi (Coffee) za a yi haka sau biyu a rana, sannan ka shafa man Habbatus- Sauda a kirjin ka da kuma gadon bayanka. ==Inganta Lafiyar Fata== Habbatus- Sauda za ki samu sai ki hada da man zaitun , sai ki wanke fuskar , wannan hadin za ki shafa a fuska , bayan awa daya<ref> https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2020/06/maganin-wasu-cututtuka-da-man-habbatus-sauda-yake-ga-lafiya.html </ref> sai ki wanke. ==Zubewar Gashin Kai== Ga mata masu fama da matsalar zubewar gashi, sai su hada man Habbatus_Sauda da man Zaitun, bayan su tsefe gashin sai su bi layi-layi na gashin suna sa masa man tare da yiwa kan tausa. ==Ciwon Kunne== Irin kwayar Habbatus-Sauda za ka gasa shi sama-sama, sannan ka ni ka shi , sai ka sa man Habbatus- sauda rabin cokali, man Zaitun rabin cokali, sai ka hadesu a mazubi mai kyau, sirinji zaka samu sai ka dure wannan hadin maganai aciki, zaka diga akunne sau biyu a rana. ==zafin Jiki== Aduk sanda ka samu kanka a cikin yanayi na zafin jiki, sai ka zuba rabin cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda a cikin shayi mara madara, sai ka sha. Zaka iya cigaba dayi har sai zafin jikin yayi sanyi. ==Kurajen Fuska== Ga masu fama da matsalolin kurajen fuska sai ki samu abarba ki markadata sannan ki tace ruwan abarba a kofi, sai ki dauko man Habbatus-Sauda ki sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda, in kuma baki da abarba sai kiyi amfani da lemun tsami mai manya-manya a maimakon abarba. Za ki sha kafin kici abinci da kuma da daddare kafin ki kwanta barci har na tsawon wata 1, sannan za ki iya amfani (Kalonji pimple cream) na fuska. Yana da kyau ki daina cin abincin da zafi sosai. Wandanna sune akdan daga cikin amfani ko tasirin Mai da kwayar irin Habbatus-Sauda ke samarwa ga lafiyar jikinmu. Amma abinda hankulan mu anan shi ne , in kazo siyan man Hbbatus-Sauda ko irin yana da kyau ka kula sosai , don wasu ana siyar masu da “ black caraway” amatsayin Man Habbatus-Sauda wanda kowanen su abu ne mabambanta. Sannan yana da kyau ka kula da iya adadin da za kayi amfani da shi , domin amfanin da shi har yar zarta, ma’ana ya wuce misali na iya illatar da kai. Man Habbatus-Sauda, ana kiran sa da suna daban- daban, aduk inda ka ga an rubuta suna kamar haka “ Kalonji, Black cumin, Habal-al-baraka.” To shi ne black seed oil wato Habbatus-Sauda. Lafiyarka jarinka. ==Mura Da Sanyi== Ga mai fama da mura sai ya samu zuma su hada da Man Habbatus-Sauda, sai ya sha rabin cokali a kullum sannan su diga man kadan a cikin hanci. ==Matsalar da ta Shafi Hanci Da Makogwaro== Ga mai fama da irin wannan matsalolin, sai ya samu lemun tsami mai kyau, ya matse ruwan a kofi sannan ya zuba ruwan zafi sosai akai, rabin cokali na man habbatus- Sauda, sannan sai ya shaki wannan tiririn ruwan zafin. Haka zai yi sau biyu a rana. ==Gurbacewar Ciki== Ga mai fama da, gurbacewa ciki , sai ya sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a cikin kofi daya kindirmo daya. Za ka sha sau biya a rana. ==Ciwon Baya== Ga amasu fama matsalolin ciwon baya sai su , samu kamar cokali 1-2 na man Habbatus- Sauda sai ya dora akan wuta yayi dan dumi, wannan man zasu shafa a bayan su tare da yiwa wajen tausa , a hankali. Sannan su sha man Habbatus- Sauda, karamin cokali sau uku a rana. ==Rage Damuwa== Ga masu fama da yawan damuwa , ko kuma su ji duk sun takura , sai su sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda a shayi ko kuma a kofe ( coffee). ==Ciwon Kirji== Ga masu fama da ciwon kirji, sai ya samu, man Habbatus-Sauda ya hada da zuma a waje daya, bayan su hada, sai su shafa a daidai inda yake ciwon tare da lailaya man sosai ta yadda zai ratsa cikin jikin sosai, sannan a sha cokali daya da safe da kuma yamma a kullum. ==Tsutsar Ciki== Ga mai fama da tsutsar ciki, sai ya nika irin kwayar Habbatus-Sauda guda 14 , sai ya hada da rabin karamin cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda tare da rabin- rabi karamin cokali na ruwan kal ( apple cider vinegar) sai a hada da ¼ litar ruwa. In shaa Allahu za’a samu sauki. ==Matsalolin Al'ada== Ga mace mai fama da matsalolin da suka shafi al’ada sai ta samu zuma cokali daya ta zuba a kofin ruwan dumi, sannan ta sa karami cokali na man Habbatus-Sauda, sai ki sha sau biyu a rana, har na tsawon kwana 40 ==Hasken Fata== Man Habbatus-Sauda na da amfani wajen haskaka fata, ba tare da ya haifar da wata illa ba. Abinda za ki yi, shi ne ki samu gram 50 na Man Habbatus-Sauda da gram 50 na Man Zaitun sai ki hada waje guda, za ki sha karamin cokali daya a kullum kafin cin abincin safe. ==Amosarin Gashin Kai== Man Habbatus-Sauda 10 grams za ki hada da 30 grams na man Zaitu sannan ki zuba 30 grams na lalle na gargajiya a ciki, kwabasu za kiyi sannan ki dan dumama shi akan wuta, bayan ya dan huce sai ki shafa wannan kwabin akan, sannan ki sa hular lede bayan minti 15-30 sai ki wanke, za ki iya yin haka sau biyu a sati. ==Kuturta (Leprosy)== Ga mai fama da ciwon kuturta sai su matse lemun zaki a kofi daya sannan ya sa rabin cokali na man Habbatus- Sauda ya juya sosai, za ya sha sau biyu a rana. In shaa Allahu za’a samu waraka. ==Manazarta== <references />{{Stub}} bf38mge090gmqtcpjg91l518p38lrpx 0 45904 552181 240033 2024-12-05T08:43:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 552181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdel Aziz Boukar Moussa''' (an haife shi ranar 8 ga watan Afrilun 1980 a [[Cadi|Chadi]]) ɗan ƙasar Chadi ne, haifaffen cibiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Angola. Tsohon memba a [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Angola]], kuma ya yi takara a Angola a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2004, gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2005, Wasannin Lusophony na 2006 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006. Yana tsaye 6 ft 8 cikin (2.03 m). A ƙarshe ya bugawa Recreativo do Libolo a babbar gasar ƙwallon kwando [[Angola|ta Angola]] BAI Basket. == Na sirri == Moussa ya girma a [[Cadi|ƙasar Chadi]] kuma ya sami shaidar zama ɗan ƙasar Angola a cikin shekara ta 200.<ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fe/06_wcm/teamPlay/play/p/competitioncode/eventid/3507/langlc/en/playernumber/44822/roundid/3507/season/0/teamnumber/235/fe_teamPlay_playProf.html</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] km09rfuaxc04bi78mypc3eiyn75t9ft 552183 552181 2024-12-05T08:43:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 552183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdel Aziz Boukar Moussa''' (an haife shi ranar 8 ga watan Afrilun 1980 a [[Cadi|Chadi]]) ya kasance ɗan ƙasar Chadi ne, haifaffen cibiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Angola. Tsohon memba a [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Angola]], kuma ya yi takara a Angola a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2004, gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2005, Wasannin Lusophony na 2006 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006. Yana tsaye 6 ft 8 cikin (2.03 m). A ƙarshe ya bugawa Recreativo do Libolo a babbar gasar ƙwallon kwando [[Angola|ta Angola]] BAI Basket. == Na sirri == Moussa ya girma a [[Cadi|ƙasar Chadi]] kuma ya sami shaidar zama ɗan ƙasar Angola a cikin shekara ta 200.<ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fe/06_wcm/teamPlay/play/p/competitioncode/eventid/3507/langlc/en/playernumber/44822/roundid/3507/season/0/teamnumber/235/fe_teamPlay_playProf.html</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] nscc0lpblj9cxcwbnqfhhammxhfp2z8 0 45939 551840 337385 2024-12-04T19:12:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Suspended_Lake.jpg|right|thumb| Tafkin da aka dakatar a Ado-Awaye]] [[File:West_African_Mud_Turtle.jpg|thumb| Kunkuru laka a Iyake ya dakatar da tafkin.]] '''Ado-Awaye,''' birni ne, da ke a [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], a kudancin Nijeriya. Ya shahara saboda tsauninsa mai suna; (Oke Ado), wanda akwai tafki (Iyake), ɗaya daga cikin tabkuna ƙwara biyu da aka dakatar a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/ado-awaye-the-seven-wonders-of-the-mysterious-town-in-oyo/cerenl2|title=The seven wonders of the mysterious town in Oyo|date=July 23, 2019|website=www.pulse.ng}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|7.832|3.431|type:city_region:NG}} [[Category:Jihar Oyo]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon bude ido a Jihar Oyo]] qac8nevd9z8iki49lffmlh1y9inf8rc 0 46077 552177 366433 2024-12-05T08:42:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 552177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} '''Idris Muhammad''' wanda ake kiransa da bose nabayi, shi haifef fe ne agarin [[bauchi]] shekara 1962 a nan garin bauchi dan Alhaji [[Muhammad Bose]] tsohon chief commissioner of civil service bauchi shekara 2000 nan a bauchi [[Nijeriya]].[https://pensionfundsafrica.com/speaker/idris-mohammed/] Idris Muhammad Shi ma ai kacin bauchi state government ne, A chief executive officer of account (C.E.O), a karkashin ministry na ofishin na accountant general a nan bauchi. Kuma wazirin na hakimin [[nabayi]].[https://www.adstasher.com/2022/09/new-bose-campaign-from-anomaly.html?m=1][https://www.crunchbase.com/person/mohammed-idris] 11kmgqe208q00ts7gqcpn6smp99o7zo 552179 552177 2024-12-05T08:42:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 552179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} '''Idris Muhammad''' ana kiransa da bose nabayi, shi haifef fe ne agarin [[bauchi]] shekara 1962 a nan garin bauchi dan Alhaji [[Muhammad Bose]] tsohon chief commissioner of civil service bauchi shekara 2000 nan a bauchi [[Nijeriya]].[https://pensionfundsafrica.com/speaker/idris-mohammed/] Idris Muhammad Shi ma ai kacin bauchi state government ne, A chief executive officer of account (C.E.O), a karkashin ministry na ofishin na accountant general a nan bauchi. Kuma wazirin na hakimin [[nabayi]].[https://www.adstasher.com/2022/09/new-bose-campaign-from-anomaly.html?m=1][https://www.crunchbase.com/person/mohammed-idris] isnu008r608fibo94ru2dfun4csxz3o 0 46109 552173 348051 2024-12-05T08:41:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 552173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Fricaa}} '''''Fricaa'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fricaa.com/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503185253/https://fricaa.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> manhajar sada zumunta ne kamar dai Irin su Facebook.  Fricaa manhaja ce da aka samar akan bigire ko kuma ince akan zubin tsarin sabuwar fasahar zamani da take kan tashe a wannan lokacin watau WEB3. Wanda hakan ya taimaka ganin Fricaa tazama daya-tilo kuma kwallin-kwal aduniya da aka fara samar da kafar sadarwa akan tsarin Web3. Haka kuma Fricaa shafin sada zumun tane na zamani wanda yasha bam bam da sauran shafuka, do min a Fricaa shafi babu maganan bata lokaci na ko wani Karni, ako da yaushe kudi ma abucin zai na samu. San nan kuma shine na farkon shafin zamantakewa na Yanar gizo 3.0 a cikin duniya, Kuma don ƙarfafa masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki kai tsaye ta hanyar ba su ikon mallakar masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki. == Manazarta == Kuma yanzu Fricaa tana da ƙarfi ta hanyar fasahar (blockchain) mafi ƙarfi a cikin yanayin yanayin Web3. Wanda wani jajirtaccen mutum daga jahar KOGI mazaunin KADUNA daga Arewacin Nigeria a yammacin Afirka watau [https://www.facebook.com/Ali.Kogi01 ALI KOGI] [https://www.facebook.com/Ali.Kogi01] ya ƙirƙira bayan kwashe shekaru goma sha daya (11yrs) yana aiki akan manhajar. Wanda Fricaa mallakin kamfanin Fricaa Inc ne. == Zance shaida == <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2022/08/fricaa-social-media-app.html?m=1 |access-date=2023-04-02 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220212043/https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2022/08/fricaa-social-media-app.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafukan sada zumunta]] fr50eqajeo3abavb8c8avip597jaitc 552175 552173 2024-12-05T08:41:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 552175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Fricaa}} '''''Fricaa'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fricaa.com/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503185253/https://fricaa.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wata manhajar sada zumunta ne kamar dai Irin su Facebook.  Fricaa manhaja ce da aka samar akan bigire ko kuma ince akan zubin tsarin sabuwar fasahar zamani da take kan tashe a wannan lokacin watau WEB3. Wanda hakan ya taimaka ganin Fricaa tazama daya-tilo kuma kwallin-kwal aduniya da aka fara samar da kafar sadarwa akan tsarin Web3. Haka kuma Fricaa shafin sada zumun tane na zamani wanda yasha bam bam da sauran shafuka, do min a Fricaa shafi babu maganan bata lokaci na ko wani Karni, ako da yaushe kudi ma abucin zai na samu. San nan kuma shine na farkon shafin zamantakewa na Yanar gizo 3.0 a cikin duniya, Kuma don ƙarfafa masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki kai tsaye ta hanyar ba su ikon mallakar masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki. == Manazarta == Kuma yanzu Fricaa tana da ƙarfi ta hanyar fasahar (blockchain) mafi ƙarfi a cikin yanayin yanayin Web3. Wanda wani jajirtaccen mutum daga jahar KOGI mazaunin KADUNA daga Arewacin Nigeria a yammacin Afirka watau [https://www.facebook.com/Ali.Kogi01 ALI KOGI] [https://www.facebook.com/Ali.Kogi01] ya ƙirƙira bayan kwashe shekaru goma sha daya (11yrs) yana aiki akan manhajar. Wanda Fricaa mallakin kamfanin Fricaa Inc ne. == Zance shaida == <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2022/08/fricaa-social-media-app.html?m=1 |access-date=2023-04-02 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220212043/https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2022/08/fricaa-social-media-app.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafukan sada zumunta]] 9iejb9v46o8js6zuonypjlb3ss5roxr 0 46739 552169 243960 2024-12-05T08:40:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 552169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lee Ledogo Maeba''' ya kasance ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[jihar Rivers]] ta kudu maso gabas a dandalin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a cikin watan Afrilun 2003, yana da shekaru 37, kuma an sake zaɓe a cikin watan Afrilun 2007.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203133/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=70&page=1&state=33</ref> Tun daga ranar 15 ga watan Maris ɗin 2004, Maeba ya kasance memba na Majalisar Pan-African Parliament.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110518171107/http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf</ref> Ya kasance memba na kwamitin kasuwanci, kwastam da al'amuran shige da fice, ɗaya daga cikin kwamitoci goma na dindindin na majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}} An haifi Maeba a cikin watan Fabrairun 1966. Ya sami digiri na BSc a Fasaha a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha [[Port Harcourt|ta Fatakwal]]. Kafin zama Sanata ya kasance mai adalci na zaman lafiya kuma mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar jiha.<ref name=":0" /> Yana auren Mrs. Aya Maeba, wacce ita ma ta fito daga dangin ƴan siyasa. A wani bincike da aka yi a cikin watan Mayun shekara ta 2009 kan ayyukan sanata a majalisar wakilai ta 6, [[This Day|ThisDay]] ya yi nuni da cewa, ya ɗauki nauyin ƙudirori da dama da suka shafi haƙar man fetur, kuma ya ba shi “matsakaici”.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] sxzqqjdb6puwaxkkjsb8035pqk6wfx4 552170 552169 2024-12-05T08:41:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 552170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lee Ledogo Maeba''' ya kasance ɗan siyasar kasar Najeriya ne wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[jihar Rivers]] ta kudu maso gabas a dandalin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a cikin watan Afrilun 2003, yana da shekaru 37, kuma an sake zaɓe a cikin watan Afrilun 2007.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203133/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=70&page=1&state=33</ref> Tun daga ranar 15 ga watan Maris ɗin 2004, Maeba ya kasance memba na Majalisar Pan-African Parliament.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110518171107/http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf</ref> Ya kasance memba na kwamitin kasuwanci, kwastam da al'amuran shige da fice, ɗaya daga cikin kwamitoci goma na dindindin na majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}} An haifi Maeba a cikin watan Fabrairun 1966. Ya sami digiri na BSc a Fasaha a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha [[Port Harcourt|ta Fatakwal]]. Kafin zama Sanata ya kasance mai adalci na zaman lafiya kuma mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar jiha.<ref name=":0" /> Yana auren Mrs. Aya Maeba, wacce ita ma ta fito daga dangin ƴan siyasa. A wani bincike da aka yi a cikin watan Mayun shekara ta 2009 kan ayyukan sanata a majalisar wakilai ta 6, [[This Day|ThisDay]] ya yi nuni da cewa, ya ɗauki nauyin ƙudirori da dama da suka shafi haƙar man fetur, kuma ya ba shi “matsakaici”.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rk3lw5ivyy6bbdsbnqt6k1h6yi9o5h7 0 46897 552164 244679 2024-12-05T08:39:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 552164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} [[File:Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metres,_Preliminaries_heat_1_(2).JPG|thumb| Da Costa (Lane 2) kafin fara zafi 1 na 100m a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012.]] '''Christopher Lima da Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1988 a [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]]) ya kasance ɗan wasan [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|Sao Toméan]] ɗan [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ne. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222171903/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/search/athlete_search.cgi?search=christopher+lima+da+costa+ Sports Reference profile]</ref> Ya yi takara a gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012 amma an cire shi a zagayen farko duk da buga mafi kyawun lokacin 11.56 na sirri. <ref>"London 2012 profile" . Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2012-08-05.</ref> Da Costa ya kuma wakilci kasarsa a gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya a shekarar 2011 a birnin Daegu da kuma gudun mita 100 a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya a shekarar 2013 a birnin Moscow. Duk sau biyu an cire shi a cikin share fage.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Christopher Lima da Costa Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] 5ih8gswi9o27i537r5f6bigpgeobad5 552167 552164 2024-12-05T08:40:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 552167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} [[File:Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metres,_Preliminaries_heat_1_(2).JPG|thumb| Da Costa (Lane 2) kafin fara zafi 1 na 100m a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012.]] '''Christopher Lima da Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1988 a [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]]) ya kasance ɗan wasan [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|Sao Toméan]] ɗan [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ne. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222171903/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/search/athlete_search.cgi?search=christopher+lima+da+costa+ Sports Reference profile]</ref> Ya yi takara a gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012 da aka gudanar .amma an cire shi a zagayen farko duk da buga mafi kyawun lokacin 11.56 na sirri. <ref>"London 2012 profile" . Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2012-08-05.</ref> Da Costa ya kuma wakilci kasarsa a gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya a shekarar 2011 a birnin Daegu da kuma gudun mita 100 a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya a shekarar 2013 a birnin Moscow. Duk sau biyu an cire shi a cikin share fage.<ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Christopher Lima da Costa Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] rfgdni9h5id2sq9wzuic3br3wrq915g 0 46900 552160 244687 2024-12-05T08:39:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 552160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher-John Banda''' (10 Yuli 1974 a Blantyre, Malawi - 6 Satumba 2009) ya kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[Malawi]]. <ref>[http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/inside.aspx?sectid=9976&cat=5 Malawi player dies on the pitch]{{Dead link|date=August 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == * 1996-01: MTL Wanderers * 2001-03: Big Bullets * 2003-09: Kuchekuche Stars == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Wanda ya dade yana memba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Malawi, Banda ya yi takara a tawagar kasarsa daga 1996 <ref>{{NFT player|pid=4102}}</ref> kuma ya buga wasanni uku na karshe a shekarar 2009. <ref>[http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/bandajohn/ John Banda - Fussballdaten - Die Fußball-Datenbank]</ref> Wasansa na karshe na kasa da kasa, kwanaki biyu kafin mutuwarsa, ya fafata da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Guinea|kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Guinea]]. <ref>[http://www.fussballdaten.de/wm/2010/afrika/runde3/gruppee/malawi-guinea/ Spielstatistik Malawi - Guinea 2:1 (0:1) - Fussballdaten - Die Fußball-Datenbank]</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya fadi a wasan da kungiyarsa ta Kuchekuche Stars ta yi da Man Tour a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Fam na Bankin Banki kuma ya rasu a babban asibitin Kamuzu da ke [[Lilongwe]]. <ref>[http://www.supersport.com/football/article.aspx?headline=Malawi%20player%20dies%20on%20pitch&id=314984 Malawi player dies on pitch]</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] is6z7rgw9x39fh6npd4d9avjv6aczlh 552163 552160 2024-12-05T08:39:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 552163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher-John Banda''' (10 Yuli 1974 a Blantyre, Malawi - 6 Satumba 2009) ya kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[Malawi]]. <ref>[http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/inside.aspx?sectid=9976&cat=5 Malawi player dies on the pitch]{{Dead link|date=August 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == * 1996-01: MTL Wanderers * 2001-03: Big Bullets * 2003-09: Kuchekuche Stars == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Wanda ya dade yana memba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Malawi, Banda ya yi takara a tawagar kasarsa daga 1996 <ref>{{NFT player|pid=4102}}</ref> kuma ya buga wasanni uku na karshe a shekarar 2009. <ref>[http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/bandajohn/ John Banda - Fussballdaten - Die Fußball-Datenbank]</ref> Wasansa na karshe na kasa da kasa, kwanaki biyu kafin mutuwarsa, ya fafata da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Guinea|kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Guinea]]. <ref>[http://www.fussballdaten.de/wm/2010/afrika/runde3/gruppee/malawi-guinea/ Spielstatistik Malawi - Guinea 2:1 (0:1) - Fussballdaten - Die Fußball-Datenbank]</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya fadi a wasan da kungiyarsa ta Kuchekuche Stars ta yi da Man Tour a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Fam na Bankin Banki sannan kuma ya rasu a babban asibitin Kamuzu da ke [[Lilongwe]]. <ref>[http://www.supersport.com/football/article.aspx?headline=Malawi%20player%20dies%20on%20pitch&id=314984 Malawi player dies on pitch]</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] tg0onv1q0rinhonus7m1gqqe37bltjp 0 46948 552156 248106 2024-12-05T08:37:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 552156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rinjala Raherinaivo''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu 1998) ya kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Malagasy wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kulob ɗin CNaPS Sport da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Madagascar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Raherinaivo ya fara buga wa tawagar kasar Madagascar wasa a wasan da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] ta doke su da ci 6-1 a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2017. <ref>"Madagascar 1-6 DR Congo" . CAF. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2017.</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|15 July 2020}}<ref name="NFT">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/64678/Rinjala_Raherinaivo.html|title=Raherinaivo, Rinjala|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | FC Sion II | 2016-17 | 1. Ci gaban Liga | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 |- | 2017-18 | Swiss Promotion League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 24 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 24 ! 2 |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 15 July 2020}}<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by national team and year ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="5" | Madagascar | 2016 | 4 | 0 |- | 2017 | 5 | 2 |- | 2018 | 1 | 0 |- | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- | 2020 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 12 ! 2 |} : ''Maki da sakamako ne suka jera kwallayen da Madagascar ta ci a farko, ginshikin maki ya nuna maki bayan kowace kwallon Raherinaivo.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen kasa da kasa da Rinjala Raherinaivo ya ci ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa |- | style="text-align:center" | 1 | 26 ga Yuni, 2017 | Moruleng Stadium, Moruleng, Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Seychelles | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | 2017 COSAFA Cup |- | style="text-align:center" | 2 | 30 Yuni 2017 | Moruleng Stadium, Moruleng, Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Mozambique | style="text-align:center" | 4–1 | style="text-align:center" | 4–1 | 2017 COSAFA Cup |- | style="text-align:center" | 3 | 31 ga Yuli, 2022 | Mahamasina Municipal Stadium, Antananarivo |</img> Seychelles | style="text-align:center" | 3–0 | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | 2022 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/qcan2017/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=Z%2BJD3AtbLYJA7zLQ6WMpbSkjHutIe3au%2FUEz%2B0HVz2AhyBrWuy3eJgGNURB7pbTD Bayanan martaba] a gidan yanar gizon CAF na hukuma * [http://www.atalentis.ch/rinjala-raherinaivo-18/ Bayanan martaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129052117/http://www.atalentis.ch/rinjala-raherinaivo-18/ |date=2018-01-29 }} a Atalentis Scouting [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Madagaskar]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] k2w8wjlhal1mwuvphahfc0f6ov7xn0h 552158 552156 2024-12-05T08:38:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 552158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rinjala Raherinaivo''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu 1998) ya kasance [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Malagasy wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kulob ɗin '''CNaPS Sport''' da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Madagascar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Raherinaivo ya fara buga wa tawagar kasar Madagascar wasa a wasan da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] ta doke su da ci 6-1 a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2017. <ref>"Madagascar 1-6 DR Congo" . CAF. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2017.</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|15 July 2020}}<ref name="NFT">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/64678/Rinjala_Raherinaivo.html|title=Raherinaivo, Rinjala|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | FC Sion II | 2016-17 | 1. Ci gaban Liga | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 |- | 2017-18 | Swiss Promotion League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 24 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 24 ! 2 |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 15 July 2020}}<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by national team and year ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="5" | Madagascar | 2016 | 4 | 0 |- | 2017 | 5 | 2 |- | 2018 | 1 | 0 |- | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- | 2020 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 12 ! 2 |} : ''Maki da sakamako ne suka jera kwallayen da Madagascar ta ci a farko, ginshikin maki ya nuna maki bayan kowace kwallon Raherinaivo.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen kasa da kasa da Rinjala Raherinaivo ya ci ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa |- | style="text-align:center" | 1 | 26 ga Yuni, 2017 | Moruleng Stadium, Moruleng, Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Seychelles | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | 2017 COSAFA Cup |- | style="text-align:center" | 2 | 30 Yuni 2017 | Moruleng Stadium, Moruleng, Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Mozambique | style="text-align:center" | 4–1 | style="text-align:center" | 4–1 | 2017 COSAFA Cup |- | style="text-align:center" | 3 | 31 ga Yuli, 2022 | Mahamasina Municipal Stadium, Antananarivo |</img> Seychelles | style="text-align:center" | 3–0 | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | 2022 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/qcan2017/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=Z%2BJD3AtbLYJA7zLQ6WMpbSkjHutIe3au%2FUEz%2B0HVz2AhyBrWuy3eJgGNURB7pbTD Bayanan martaba] a gidan yanar gizon CAF na hukuma * [http://www.atalentis.ch/rinjala-raherinaivo-18/ Bayanan martaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129052117/http://www.atalentis.ch/rinjala-raherinaivo-18/ |date=2018-01-29 }} a Atalentis Scouting [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Madagaskar]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] sgs9zu8nvtm5n13f3ewyt8yuk1c1qkf 0 47108 552154 456291 2024-12-05T08:36:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 552154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arkomanci''' wata nau'in sana’a ce ta sayar da kayan amfanin gona wanda aka cire shi daga jikin zangarniyarsa. Mai yin wannan sana’a shi ake kira arkomi.<ref>https://wikihausa.com.ng/hausawa-da-aladunsu/ </ref> Ana gudanar da wannan sana’a ta hanyar karɓar kayan amfanin gona gyararre daga hannun mai shi a sayar da shi ta hanyar awo. Duk mutumin da ke son saye ko sayar da kayan amfanin gona gyararre, yakan je wajen arkomi ya aunar ko ya auna gwargwadon buƙata, kamawa tun daga rabin mudu har zuwa iya ƙarfi. Dukkan abin awon da ya zuba a ƙasa a lokacin da ake awo, to ya zama rabon arkomi. Idan kasuwa ta ci, ta tashi, sai arkomi ya share kan shimfiɗarsa ya yi gaba da wannan ragowar. Haka nan kuma a duk cikin mudu goma da arkomi ya sayar, to kuɗin mudu ɗaya ladarsa ce. Arkomi kan sayar da buhu-buhu na kayan amfani da kuma dami-dami, amma wannan ba kasafai ake kai musu ba, sai tsalli-tsalli. An fi kai buhu-buhu, da dami-dami zuwa ga dillallan kayan amfanin gona.<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/leadership-hausa-9Y3G/20221111/281874417398260 </ref> Kayayyakin da ake buƙata don gudanar da sana’ar arkomanci sun haɗa da: Mudu, masaki, sanho, shimfiɗa wacce a da can baya, suna amfani da tabarma buji-kura (babbar tabarma) yanzu kuma sukan shimfiɗa leda ko tamfal, da kuma basilla. ==Kayayyakin da suke siyarwa== Dukkan nau’in kayana amfanin gona da ka iya kasancewa gero , dawa, maiwa, alkama, wake, shinkafa, gyaɗa, gurjiya, acca, ibiro, da sauransu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} hwdoekp2qkem7us6a31jml4hkplcj7w 552155 552154 2024-12-05T08:37:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 552155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arkomanci''' wata nau'in sana’a ce ta sayar da kayan amfanin gona wanda aka cire shi daga jikin zangarniyarsa. Mai yin wannan sana’a shi ake kira arkomi.<ref>https://wikihausa.com.ng/hausawa-da-aladunsu/ </ref> Ana gudanar da wannan sana’a ta hanyar karɓar kayan amfanin gona gyararru daga hannun mai shi a sayar da shi ta hanyar awo. Duk mutumin da ke son saye ko sayar da kayan amfanin gona gyararre, yakan je wajen arkomi ya aunar ko ya auna gwargwadon buƙata, kamawa tun daga rabin mudu har zuwa iya ƙarfi. Dukkan abin awon da ya zuba a ƙasa a lokacin da ake awo, to ya zama rabon arkomi. Idan kasuwa ta ci, ta tashi, sai arkomi ya share kan shimfiɗarsa ya yi gaba da wannan ragowar. Haka nan kuma a duk cikin mudu goma da arkomi ya sayar, to kuɗin mudu ɗaya ladarsa ce. Arkomi kan sayar da buhu-buhu na kayan amfani da kuma dami-dami, amma wannan ba kasafai ake kai musu ba, sai tsalli-tsalli. An fi kai buhu-buhu, da dami-dami zuwa ga dillallan kayan amfanin gona.<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/leadership-hausa-9Y3G/20221111/281874417398260 </ref> Kayayyakin da ake buƙata don gudanar da sana’ar arkomanci sun haɗa da: Mudu, masaki, sanho, shimfiɗa wacce a da can baya, suna amfani da tabarma buji-kura (babbar tabarma) yanzu kuma sukan shimfiɗa leda ko tamfal, da kuma basilla. ==Kayayyakin da suke siyarwa== Dukkan nau’in kayana amfanin gona da ka iya kasancewa gero , dawa, maiwa, alkama, wake, shinkafa, gyaɗa, gurjiya, acca, ibiro, da sauransu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} p5aefb3zuy4erojzb9osr1e8913kw0i 0 47160 552149 245701 2024-12-05T08:35:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 552149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 1995), wanda aka fi sani da '''Diney''', ya kasance ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] <ref>"Diney Borges :: Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges :: FAR Rabat" .</ref> wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na tsakiya]] ga ƙungiyar FAR Rabat ta Morocco. == Club career == Diney ya fara aikinsa na matasa tare da Vitória FC a 2010,<ref>"Ocean Press - Madeira - Diney assina por cinco anos com o Marítimo" . Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</ref> kafin ya koma kulob ɗin Marítimo B. A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2014, Diney ya fara halarta na farko tare da Marítimo B a wasan 2014-15 Segunda Liga da Santa Clara.<ref>"Santa Clara 2-0 Marítimo B" . ZeroZero. 30 November 2014.</ref> Bayan wasan mai kyau, Diney ya ci gaba da zama a tawagar farko ta Marítimo, wanda ya fara buga wasansa na farko da CF União. <ref>"Jogo União Madeira - Marítimo - Liga NOS - Maisfutebol.iol.pt" . Maisfutebol .</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2018, ya koma kulob ɗin Estoril. <ref>"Diney regressa ao Continente para brilhar no Estoril Praia" . estorilpraia.pt. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Diney ya fara bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cape Verde wasa a 4–0 2018 na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba 2017. <ref>"2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - Matches - Burkina Faso-Cape Verde Islands - FIFA.com" . FIFA.com . Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Diney at ForaDeJogo (archived) * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/segundaliga/423/jogador/69145 Stats and profile at LPFP] {{In lang|pt}} * {{Soccerway|edilson-alberto-monteiro-sanches-borges/380767}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] 1hkatwamjxcs9vdzpv2w069yanv76nf 552150 552149 2024-12-05T08:36:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 552150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 1995), wanda aka fi sani da '''Diney''', ya kasance ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] <ref>"Diney Borges :: Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges :: FAR Rabat" .</ref> wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na tsakiya]] ga ƙungiyar FAR Rabat ta kasar Morocco. == Club career == Diney ya fara aikinsa na matasa tare da Vitória FC a 2010,<ref>"Ocean Press - Madeira - Diney assina por cinco anos com o Marítimo" . Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</ref> kafin ya koma kulob ɗin Marítimo B. A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2014, Diney ya fara halarta na farko tare da Marítimo B a wasan 2014-15 Segunda Liga da Santa Clara.<ref>"Santa Clara 2-0 Marítimo B" . ZeroZero. 30 November 2014.</ref> Bayan wasan mai kyau, Diney ya ci gaba da zama a tawagar farko ta Marítimo, wanda ya fara buga wasansa na farko da CF União. <ref>"Jogo União Madeira - Marítimo - Liga NOS - Maisfutebol.iol.pt" . Maisfutebol .</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2018, ya koma kulob ɗin Estoril. <ref>"Diney regressa ao Continente para brilhar no Estoril Praia" . estorilpraia.pt. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Diney ya fara bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cape Verde wasa a 4–0 2018 na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba 2017. <ref>"2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - Matches - Burkina Faso-Cape Verde Islands - FIFA.com" . FIFA.com . Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Diney at ForaDeJogo (archived) * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/segundaliga/423/jogador/69145 Stats and profile at LPFP] {{In lang|pt}} * {{Soccerway|edilson-alberto-monteiro-sanches-borges/380767}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] rwk080o2xh1zvk8tkzuoobra5v6cwy6 552152 552150 2024-12-05T08:36:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 552152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 1995), wanda aka fi sani da '''Diney''', ya kasance ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] <ref>"Diney Borges :: Edilson Alberto Monteiro Sanches Borges :: FAR Rabat" .</ref> wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na tsakiya]] ga ƙungiyar FAR Rabat ta kasar Morocco. == Aikin kungiya == Diney ya fara aikinsa na matasa tare da Vitória FC a 2010,<ref>"Ocean Press - Madeira - Diney assina por cinco anos com o Marítimo" . Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</ref> kafin ya koma kulob ɗin Marítimo B. A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 2014, Diney ya fara halarta na farko tare da Marítimo B a wasan 2014-15 Segunda Liga da Santa Clara.<ref>"Santa Clara 2-0 Marítimo B" . ZeroZero. 30 November 2014.</ref> Bayan wasan mai kyau, Diney ya ci gaba da zama a tawagar farko ta Marítimo, wanda ya fara buga wasansa na farko da CF União. <ref>"Jogo União Madeira - Marítimo - Liga NOS - Maisfutebol.iol.pt" . Maisfutebol .</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2018, ya koma kulob ɗin Estoril. <ref>"Diney regressa ao Continente para brilhar no Estoril Praia" . estorilpraia.pt. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Diney ya fara bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cape Verde wasa a 4–0 2018 na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba 2017. <ref>"2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - Matches - Burkina Faso-Cape Verde Islands - FIFA.com" . FIFA.com . Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Diney at ForaDeJogo (archived) * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/segundaliga/423/jogador/69145 Stats and profile at LPFP] {{In lang|pt}} * {{Soccerway|edilson-alberto-monteiro-sanches-borges/380767}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] q80ovkzhw3jvs2r4dpsm7hawgjqbvd2 0 47543 551786 515458 2024-12-04T15:45:42Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox generic}} [[Fayil:Manuel de Elías.jpg|thumb|Jorge]] [[Fayil:Manuel de Elías.jpg|thumb|Jorge Mondragón]] '''Jorge Mondragón Vázquez''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1962) ɗan wasan nutse na Mexico ne. Ya yi gasar Olympics ta bazara sau huɗu a jere don ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, tun daga shekarar 1980. Mondragón ya lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a wasannin Pan American na shekarar 1991 a [[Havana|Havana, Cuba]]. == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418045857/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/jorge-mondragon-1.html nunin wasanni] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1962]] 6u6w52fjq7p4d4drg25g6qkajqrxvbn 0 47779 551723 492945 2024-12-04T14:13:30Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Digestive system - Stomach ulcer -- Smart-Servier.png|thumb|inda wasu ke samun gyambo]] [[Fayil:Ulcer subungual DM.jpg|thumb|Gyambon Ciki]] '''Ciwon gyambon ciki''' shine rarakewa a cikin [[Mucosa na ciki|rufin ciki]], bangaren farko na [[kananan hanji]], ko kuma wani lokacin a kasan makogwaro .<ref name="Na2011">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Ulcer a cikin ciki ana kiransa da '''ciwon ciki''', yayin da daya daga cikin kashi na farko na hanji shine ciwon '''gyambon ciki na hanji''' . <ref name="Na2011" /> Mafi yawan alamun bayyanar Gyambon ciki da hanji shine farkawa da dare tare da [[Epigastrium|ciwon ciki na sama]], da ciwon ciki na sama wanda yake tafiya idan mutum yaci Abinci abinci. <ref name="Na20112">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref> Tare da gyambon ciki, ciwon zai iya tsananta idan yakasance '''gyambon cikine na tumbi'''. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana kwatanta ciwon a matsayin ciwo [[Dyspepsia|mai zafi/kuna]] ko rashin jin daɗi. <ref name="Na20112" /> Sauran alamun sun hasa da [[belching]], amai, rage nauyi, ko rashin son cin abinci. <ref name="Na20112" /> Kusan kashi uku na tsofaffi ba su da alamun cutar. <ref name="Na20112" /> Matsalolin da zata iya kawowa na iya hadawa da [[Zubar da ciki|zub da jini]], Rarakeawa da [[Toshewar fitar da ciki|toshewar ciki]] . <ref name="Mil2011">{{Cite journal|url-status=491–3}}</ref> Zubar da jini yana faruwa a kusan kashi 15% na lokuta.<ref name="Mil2011" /> Abubuwan da suka fi kawo cutar sun hada da kwayar cuta ta ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' da Magungunan kashe zafin jiki (NSAIDs).<ref name="Na20113">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref> Sauran, kananan abubuwan da ba a sani ba sun hada da [[Tabar taba|shan taba]], damuwa a sakamakon wasu yanayi mai tsanani na kiwon lafiya, [[cutar Behcet]], cutar [[Zollinger-Ellison ciwo|Zollinger-Ellison,]] [[cutar Crohn]], da [[Cirrhosis|ciwon hanta]].<ref name="Na20113" /> <ref name="St2002">{{Cite journal|url-status=S362–4}}</ref>Tsofaffi sun fi zama cikin hadari da illolin ulcer wanda magungunan kashe ciwon jiki ke sakawa <ref name="Na20114">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref>. Anayin binciken gane cuatr ne gwalgwadon alamomin da mutum yazo dasu da kuma yin bincike na [[endoscopy]] ko [[Barium hadiye|barium swallow]] .<ref name="Na20114" /> Ana iya ganokwayar cutar ''H. pylori'' ta hanyar gwajin jini. [[Gwajin numfashi na Urea|gwajin numfashi na urea]], gwada bahaya don alamun kwayoyin cuta, ko gwajin gyambon ciki na [[biopsy]].<ref name="Na20114" /> Sauran yanayin da ke haifar da irin wannan alamun sun hada da [[ciwon daji na ciki]], [[Ciwon zuciya|cututtukan zuciya]], da [[Gastritis|kumburin rufin ciki]] ko [[Cholelithiasis|kumburin gallbladder]].<ref name="Na20115">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref> == a == [[Abinci (abinci)|Abincin]] ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar ko hana gyambon ciki. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Ingattacen maganin ta ya hada da dakatar da shan taba, dakatar da amfani da magungunan kashe zafi na (NSAIDs), barin shan giya, da shan magunguna don rage yawan acid na ciki. <ref name="Na20116">{{Cite journal|url-status=383–94, vii}}</ref> Maganin da ake amfani da shi don rage acid yawanci sun hada da [[Proton famfo mai hanawa|mai hanawa na proton pump]] (PPI) ko [[H2 blocker|mai hana H2]], tare da shawarar farko ta jiya na sati hudu.<ref name="Na20116" /> '''Gyambon ciki''' dalilin kwayar cutar ''H. pylori'' ana maganinta da hadin magunguna masu kashe kwayoyin cuta , irin su [[amoxicillin]], [[clarithromycin]], da PPI. <ref name="Wang2011">{{Cite journal|url-status=613–35}}</ref> Rashi magani na kwayoyin cutar yanata karuwa kuma don haka magani bazai kasance koyaushe yana da tasiri ba. <ref name="Wang20112">{{Cite journal|url-status=613–35}}</ref> Za a iyin maganin zaubar jini ta hanyar [[endoscopy]], tare da bude tiyata yawanci ana amfani da su kawai a cikin yanayin da ba a yi nasara ba. <ref name="Mil20112">{{Cite journal|url-status=491–3}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} iqoj1e5oykzq5c8gzs0hybxa6m2pslt 0 47951 552203 251752 2024-12-05T08:51:04Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 552203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tarrafal-Magasin_(1).jpg|thumb|325x325px| ''Loja'' in Tarrafal]] [[File:Fogo-Loja.jpg|thumb|325x325px| Mawaka a wani ''loja'' a Fogo]] '''Loja''' wani nau'i ne na mashaya ko kantin sayar da kayayyaki a [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], wanda ya ƙunshi yanki na salon rayuwar Creole.<ref name="Quint">Nicolas Quint, "Civilisation : Les épiceries-bars et le grogue" (''Civilization: Grocery-Bar and Grogue''), ''Parlons capverdien : langue et culture'' (''Cape Verdean Terms: Language and Culture''), L'Harmattan, 2003, p. 116-117 {{ISBN|9782296310896}}</ref> Ayyukan ''lojas'', ana samun su a cikin gari da karkara. Maigidan yana tsaye a bayan kantin mashaya inda ake ajiye kayan abinci da kayan masarufi akan rumfuna. Abokan ciniki suna zama a gefe guda don sha (maza) ko shago (mata da yara). A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an kafa ''lojas'' a ko'ina cikin [[Daular Portuguese|daular mulkin mallaka na Portugal]] a Afirka.<ref>[[Jean Ziegler]], ''Les rebelles : contre l'ordre du monde : mouvements armés de libération nationale du Tiers monde'' [''Rebels: Against the World Order: Armed Movemens for National Liberation of the Third World''], Seuil, Paris, 1983, p. 196 {{ISBN|2-02-006413-8}}</ref> Sanannun kaya sun haɗa da fitulun man fetur, abubuwan adanawa, takalman filastik, ashana, mai, yadudduka, sukari, gishiri da taliya. Gaɗaɗɗun mutane ( ''mestiços'' ) ne ke gudanar da waɗannan kasuwancin da suka karɓi matsakaicin matakin zamantakewa duk da cewa suna da ƙanƙanta sun ba su damar tabbatar da wani nau'i na fifiko akan ƴan asalin ƙasar. A cikin labarin da Henrique Teixeira de Sousa ya yi, ya yi nazarin tsarin zamantakewar Fogo, tsibirinsa na asali, duka a cikin litattafansa <ref>''[[The Island of Contenda]]'' by Henrique Teixeira de Sousa</ref> da kuma a cikin rubutunsa, <ref>"A estrutura social da Ilha do Fogo" ("Social Structure on the Island of Fogo"), ''[[Claridade]]'', no. 5, 1957, "Sobrados, lojas e funcos ", ''Claridade,'' no. 8, 1958</ref> ya nuna damuwa ga iyalai masu launin fata tare da haɓakar gauraye a cikin A ƙarshen 1940s, sun ji tsoron lokacin da "za a tura baƙar fata a cikin ''funco:'' [inda] za a dauki wurin gauraye da ''loja'' kuma na karshen ya sanya Farar zuwa sobrado.<ref>Nelson Eurico Cabral, ''Le moulin et le pilon, les îles du Cap-Vert'' (''The Mill and the Pestle, the Cape Verde Islands''), Harmattan, Paris, ACCT, 1980, p. 145 {{ISBN|2-85802-161-9}} {{In lang|fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5f1b1fcjf56zyquyabml4wpkgjj1o6o 0 47984 552145 251872 2024-12-05T08:34:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 552145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Buumi''' (bambance-bambance masu yawa : Buumy, Bumy, Bumi, da dai sauransu) ya kasance lakabin sarauta na Serer a cikin Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of [[Masarautar Sine|Sine]], [[Masarautar Saloum|Saloum]] da kuma baya [[Masarautar Baol|Baol]]. <ref name="Diouf">{{In lang|fr}} Diouf, Niokhobaye. ''Chronique du royaume du Sine''. Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). p 777</ref> Duk waɗannan masarautun Serer kafin mulkin mallaka yanzu suna cikin [[Senegal|Sanagal]] na zamani. Koyaya, [[Gambiya]] ta yau, ana kiranta Lower Saloum kuma tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Masarautar Saloum. Bumi ya kasance dan gidan sarauta ne. Shi ne farkon wanda ya gaji sarautar Maad a Sinig (Sarkin Sine) ko Maad Saloum (sarkin Saloum). <ref>{{In lang|en}} Klein, Martin A. ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914''. Edinburgh University Press (1968) pp 11-15 & 262</ref> A wasu lokuta, Buumi na iya yin aiki a matsayin mai mulki idan sarki ya zama ƙarami, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, wanda aka naɗa kawunsa mai mulki har sai Maad Ama Joof ya girma. <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. ''Chronique du royaume du Sine'', p15</ref> A cikin Sine kafin mulkin mallaka, Buumi yakan zauna a Somb Rongodior. <ref name="Diouf" /> A lokuta da dama, ''Maad a Sinig'' ne ya zaɓe shi a matsayin magajinsa, duk da haka, Babban Jaraff da Majalisar Zaɓe mai daraja ta gaba daya sun yanke shawarar wane dan gidan sarauta ne zai gaje gadon sarauta. Lokacin da Maad a Sinig ya mutu ba tare da nada Buumi nasa ba, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Neb Njie, "thilas" (na biyu a kan karagar mulki) na iya gaje shi kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb. Joof. <ref>Klein. p 173</ref> Buumi ya kasance mutum mai mahimmanci a cikin masarautun Serer. Suna da nasu sojojin sannan kuma sun jagoranci rundunar sojojin kasar a lokutan yaki. A Yaƙin Fandane-Thiuthioune (18 Yuli 1867) wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Somb,<ref>(in French) Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine- Saloum . Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39</ref> Buumi Somb ya umarci sojojin gabashin Sine. <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. p 729 (p 18)</ref> A cikin Masarautar Saloum, wacce ke da tsarin siyasa mai kama da Masarautar Sine, ''Buumis'' biyu mafi mahimmanci sune. : ''Buumi Kaymor'' (Buumi na Kaymor) da ''Buumi Mandak'' (Buumi na Mandak). Dukansu sun zauna a Kaymor da Mandak (a cikin Saloum), bi da bi. A cikin Sine, akwai kuma ''Buumi Nguess'' (Buumi na [[Nguess]] ) da ''Buumi Ndidor'' (Buumi na [[Ndidor]]). <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. pp 712 & 731</ref> Ko da yake dukkansu manyan mutane ne, bai kamata a ruɗe su da "Buumi" (magajinsu ba). <ref>Klein. pp 14-16</ref> == Manazarta == (in French) Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine- Saloum . Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39 4337w5031t4tb4gqkycuuor4on5xv63 552147 552145 2024-12-05T08:35:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 552147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Buumi''' (bambance-bambance masu yawa : Buumy, Bumy, Bumi, da dai sauransu) ya kasance lakabin sarauta na Serer a cikin Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of [[Masarautar Sine|Sine]], [[Masarautar Saloum|Saloum]] da kuma baya [[Masarautar Baol|Baol]]. <ref name="Diouf">{{In lang|fr}} Diouf, Niokhobaye. ''Chronique du royaume du Sine''. Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). p 777</ref> Duk waɗannan masarautun Serer kafin mulkin mallaka yanzu suna cikin [[Senegal|Sanagal]] na zamani. Koyaya, [[Gambiya]] ta yau, ana kiranta Lower Saloum kuma tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Masarautar Saloum. Bumi ya kasance dan gidan sarauta ne. Shi ne farkon wanda ya gaji sarautar Maad a Sinig (Sarkin Sine) ko Maad Saloum (sarkin Saloum). <ref>{{In lang|en}} Klein, Martin A. ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914''. Edinburgh University Press (1968) pp 11-15 & 262</ref> A wasu lokuta, Buumi na iya yin aiki a matsayin mai mulki idan sarki ya zama ƙarami, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, wanda aka naɗa kawunsa mai mulki har sai Maad Ama Joof ya girma. <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. ''Chronique du royaume du Sine'', p15</ref> A cikin Sine kafin mulkin mallaka, Buumi yakan zauna a Somb Rongodior. <ref name="Diouf" /> A lokuta da dama, ''Maad a Sinig'' ne ya zaɓe shi a matsayin magajinsa, duk da haka, Babban Jaraff da Majalisar Zaɓe mai daraja ta gaba daya sun yanke shawarar wane dan gidan sarauta ne zai gaje gadon sarauta. Lokacin da Maad a Sinig ya mutu ba tare da nada Buumi nasa ba, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Neb Njie, "thilas" (na biyu a kan karagar mulki) na iya gaje shi kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb. Joof. <ref>Klein. p 173</ref> Buumi ya kasance mutum mai mahimmanci a cikin masarautun Serer. Suna da nasu sojojin sannan kuma sun jagoranci rundunar sojojin kasar a lokutan yaki. A Yaƙin Fandane-Thiuthioune (18 Yuli 1867) wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Somb,<ref>(in French) Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine- Saloum . Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39</ref> Buumi Somb ya umarci sojojin gabashin Sine. <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. p 729 (p 18)</ref> A cikin Masarautar Saloum, wacce ke da tsarin siyasa mai kama da Masarautar Sine, ''Buumis'' biyu mafi mahimmanci sune. : ''Buumi Kaymor'' (Buumi na Kaymor) da ''Buumi Mandak'' (Buumi na Mandak). Dukansu sun zauna a Kaymor da Mandak (a cikin Saloum), bi da bi. A cikin Sine, akwai kuma ''Buumi Nguess'' (Buumi na Nguess ) da ''Buumi Ndidor'' (Buumi na Ndidor). <ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye. pp 712 & 731</ref> Ko da yake dukkansu manyan mutane ne, bai kamata a ruɗe su da "Buumi" (magajinsu ba). <ref>Klein. pp 14-16</ref> == Manazarta == (in French) Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine- Saloum . Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39 p3dg59c0md1g2oip097k8t70o9vky30 0 48057 552139 344927 2024-12-05T08:32:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 552139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Geology''' Ana kiranshi da ilimin kasa kuma wani reshe ne na kimiyya dindindin wato '''Nature''' da ke da alaka da duniya da sauran abubuwa na ilmin taurari, [[duwatsu]] da aka hada su, da kuma tsarin yadda suke canzawa har na tsawon lokaci. Ilimin kasa na zamani ya mamaye duk sauran kimiyoyin Duniya, gami da ilimin ruwa. An haɗa shi da kimiyyar tsarin duniya da kimiyyar taurari. Geology yana bayyana taswirar/tsarin duniya, samanta, ƙarƙashinta, da kuma hanyoyin da suka tsara wannan tsarin. Masana ilimin kasa suna nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da ma'adanai na duwatsu don samun haske game da tarihin samuwar su. Geology yana ƙayyade shekarun duwatsu da ake samu a wurare; shi kuma geochemistry (wani reshe na ilimin geology) da yake ƙayyade ainahin shekarun duwatsu.<ref>Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.</ref>, masana ilimin ƙasa suna iya yin tarihin tarihin ƙasa na duniya gaba ɗaya. Abu daya shine nuna shekarun Duniya. Geology yana ba da shaida don tectonics farantin karfe, tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa, da yanayin duniyar da ta gabata. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 8y1vafktt5gvwtdc5v3xm5grcevv9wu 552143 552139 2024-12-05T08:33:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 552143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Geology''' Ana kiranshi da ilimin kasa sannan kuma wani reshe ne na kimiyya dindindin wato '''Nature''' da ke da alaka da duniya da sauran abubuwa na ilmin taurari, [[duwatsu]] da aka hada su, da kuma tsarin yadda suke canzawa har na tsawon lokaci. Ilimin kasa na zamani ya mamaye duk sauran kimiyoyin Duniya, gami da ilimin ruwa. An haɗa shi da kimiyyar tsarin duniya da kimiyyar taurari. Geology yana bayyana taswirar/tsarin duniya, samanta, ƙarƙashinta, da kuma hanyoyin da suka tsara wannan tsarin. Masana ilimin kasa suna nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da ma'adanai na duwatsu don samun haske game da tarihin samuwar su. Geology yana ƙayyade shekarun duwatsu da ake samu a wurare; shi kuma geochemistry (wani reshe na ilimin geology) da yake ƙayyade ainahin shekarun duwatsu.<ref>Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.</ref>, masana ilimin ƙasa suna iya yin tarihin tarihin ƙasa na duniya gaba ɗaya. Abu daya shine nuna shekarun Duniya. Geology yana ba da shaida don tectonics farantin karfe, tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa, da yanayin duniyar da ta gabata. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 7znosh1mv5a1h6jh1xnp7oppuqqz609 0 48091 552135 252536 2024-12-05T08:31:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 552135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}}{{Databox generic}} '''Tafkin Dem''' wani karamin tabki ne dake arewacin [[Burkina Faso|kasar Burkina Faso]], dake arewa da Kaya, kudu da yankin Sahel da kudu maso gabas da tafkin Bam . Yana shiga cikin [[White Volta]]. <ref name="Mepham">"Lac Dem" . Ramsar Sites Information Service . Retrieved 25 April 2018.{{Cite book}}</ref> Tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 5 da faɗinsa kilomita 2. <ref name="Mepham" /> Yana kwance a tsayin mita 304 (ƙafa 997). <ref>Mepham, Robert; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). A directory of African wetlands . IUCN . p. 316. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki> .{{Cite web}}</ref> An sanya tafkin a matsayin Ramsar site tun a shekarar 2009. <ref>"Burkina Faso Lakes" . Index Mundi. 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2010.</ref> == Manazarta == mrmzodxjf5lhr92xnf5zmn2b35paaoa 552137 552135 2024-12-05T08:32:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 552137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}}{{Databox generic}} '''Tafkin Dem''' ya kasance wani karamin tabki ne dake arewacin [[Burkina Faso|kasar Burkina Faso]], dake arewa da Kaya, kudu da yankin Sahel da kudu maso gabas da tafkin Bam . Yana shiga cikin [[White Volta]]. <ref name="Mepham">"Lac Dem" . Ramsar Sites Information Service . Retrieved 25 April 2018.{{Cite book}}</ref> Tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 5 da faɗinsa kilomita 2. <ref name="Mepham" /> Yana kwance a tsayin mita 304 (ƙafa 997). <ref>Mepham, Robert; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). A directory of African wetlands . IUCN . p. 316. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki> .{{Cite web}}</ref> An sanya tafkin a matsayin Ramsar site tun a shekarar 2009. <ref>"Burkina Faso Lakes" . Index Mundi. 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2010.</ref> == Manazarta == 3i9776v696x1z4a8p3615w2wdcognu0 0 48169 552132 499611 2024-12-05T08:30:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 552132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Diaphragm (Contraception).svg|thumb|mahaifa ]] '''Rashin haihuwa''' shine rashin iyawar mutum, dabba ko tsiro don haifuwa ta hanyar halitta. Yawanci ba yanayin lafiya bane ga wanda ya balaga, sai dai musamman tsakanin wasu nau'ikan eusocial (mafi yawa [[haplodiploid]] kwari). Y yanayine al'ada na [[ɗa|ɗan]] adam ko wasu [[Zuriya|'ya'ya]] masu tasowa, saboda ba su yi balaga [[Balaga|ba]], wanda shine farkon mataki na [[Haihuwa|iya haifuwa]] .<ref>Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". ''Lancet''. '''388''' (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. <nowiki>PMID 27733282</nowiki> so</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == fsestlsz1na1km7g635vqqvuz4cmrvj 552134 552132 2024-12-05T08:31:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 552134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Diaphragm (Contraception).svg|thumb|mahaifa ]] '''Rashin haihuwa''' shine rashin iyawar mutum, dabba ko tsiro don haifuwa ta hanyar halitta. Yawanci ba yanayin lafiya bane ga wanda ya balaga, sai dai musamman tsakanin wasu nau'ikan eusocial (mafi yawa haplodiploid kwari). Y yanayine al'ada na ɗan adam ko wasu 'ya'ya masu tasowa, saboda ba su yi balaga [[Balaga|ba]], wanda shine farkon mataki na [[Haihuwa|iya haifuwa]] .<ref>Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". ''Lancet''. '''388''' (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. <nowiki>PMID 27733282</nowiki> so</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == rbl121c1cs22rbbh3xafwrv01qfoi7w 0 48271 552128 466526 2024-12-05T08:30:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 552128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ECDM 20210309 EQ GUINEA Explosion(1).pdf|thumb|Sashin guninea]] '''Ƙungiyar Guinean don Kariyar Muhalli''' ( Portuguese , LIPE) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a ƙasar [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]. == Tarihi == An kafa jam'iyyar a ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 1991 ta Bubácar Rachid Djaló, kuma an halatta ta a ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar 1993. <ref name="HD">Peter Karibe Mendy (2013) ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau'', Scarecrow Press, p255</ref> A shekarar 1994 ta shiga jam'iyyar Union for Change, kawancen da aka kafa don tsayawa takara a babban zaɓen 1994. Djaló shi ne dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar, amma ya samu kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Sai dai jam'iyyar UM ta samu kujeru shida a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa. Zaben 1999-2000 ya sa UM ta rasa kujeru uku. Djaló ya cigaba da zama dan takarar shugaban kasa na kawance, amma ya sake samun kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Bayan goyon bayan da ƙungiyar ta baiwa [[Kumba Ialá]] mai nasara a zaɓen fidda gwani, Djaló ya zama Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwanci. <ref name="M1">Mendy, p256</ref> A shekara ta 2002 LIPE ya bar jam’iyyar UM ya koma jam’iyyar Electoral Union (UE), wadda ta lashe kujeru biyu a zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na 2004 . <ref name="M1">Mendy, p256</ref> An rushe EU kafin zabukan 'yan majalisa na 2008 kuma LIPE ya tsaya takara ita kadai, inda ya samu kuri'u 233 (0.05%) kawai. Kotun koli ta ki amincewa da bukatar da jam’iyyar ta gabatar na tsayawa takara a zaben 2014 . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082324/http://www.anacao.cv/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4420:guine-bissau-supremo-chumba-oito-candidaturas-presidenciais-e-sete-partidos&catid=87:destaque&Itemid=475 GUINÉ-BISSAU: SUPREMO “CHUMBA” OITO CANDIDATURAS PRESIDENCIAIS E SETE PARTIDOS] A Nação, 16 March 2014</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mq8fadqooythf2wsh2hdvp3mbfgzzf6 552130 552128 2024-12-05T08:30:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 552130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ECDM 20210309 EQ GUINEA Explosion(1).pdf|thumb|Sashin guninea]] '''Ƙungiyar Guinean don Kariyar Muhalli''' ( Portuguese , LIPE) ta kasance jam'iyyar siyasa ce a ƙasar [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]. == Tarihi == An kafa jam'iyyar a ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 1991 ta Bubácar Rachid Djaló, kuma an halatta ta a ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar 1993. <ref name="HD">Peter Karibe Mendy (2013) ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau'', Scarecrow Press, p255</ref> A shekarar 1994 ta shiga jam'iyyar Union for Change, kawancen da aka kafa don tsayawa takara a babban zaɓen 1994. Djaló shi ne dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar, amma ya samu kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Sai dai jam'iyyar UM ta samu kujeru shida a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa. Zaben 1999-2000 ya sa UM ta rasa kujeru uku. Djaló ya cigaba da zama dan takarar shugaban kasa na kawance, amma ya sake samun kashi 3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Bayan goyon bayan da ƙungiyar ta baiwa [[Kumba Ialá]] mai nasara a zaɓen fidda gwani, Djaló ya zama Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwanci. <ref name="M1">Mendy, p256</ref> A shekara ta 2002 LIPE ya bar jam’iyyar UM ya koma jam’iyyar Electoral Union (UE), wadda ta lashe kujeru biyu a zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na 2004 . <ref name="M1">Mendy, p256</ref> An rushe EU kafin zabukan 'yan majalisa na 2008 kuma LIPE ya tsaya takara ita kadai, inda ya samu kuri'u 233 (0.05%) kawai. Kotun koli ta ki amincewa da bukatar da jam’iyyar ta gabatar na tsayawa takara a zaben 2014 . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082324/http://www.anacao.cv/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4420:guine-bissau-supremo-chumba-oito-candidaturas-presidenciais-e-sete-partidos&catid=87:destaque&Itemid=475 GUINÉ-BISSAU: SUPREMO “CHUMBA” OITO CANDIDATURAS PRESIDENCIAIS E SETE PARTIDOS] A Nação, 16 March 2014</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sufqgrx0cmezxnkvtmnozvuf9ibp3ph 0 48284 551952 528749 2024-12-04T21:14:23Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 551952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Are you reusable bag ready - Target plastic bag ban in Portland Oregon (8286710498).jpg|thumb|hatamta jakar leda]] [[Fayil:Map of plastic bag bans in Australia.svg|thumb|Taswirar India aka hana anfani da jikar leda]] Haramta kamar Leda doka ce da ke ƙuntata amfani da jakar ledoji na filastik mai sauƙi a wuraren sayarwa. A farkon ƙarni na 21, an sami yanayin duniya game da fitowar jaka na filastik masu sauƙi.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001 |pmid=30503422 |title=Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |volume=137 |pages=157–171 |year=2018 |last1=Schnurr |first1=Riley E.J. |last2=Alboiu |first2=Vanessa |last3=Chaudhary |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Corbett |first4=Roan A. |last5=Quanz |first5=Meaghan E. |last6=Sankar |first6=Karthikeshwar |last7=Srain |first7=Harveer S. |last8=Thavarajah |first8=Venukasan |last9=Xanthos |first9=Dirk |last10=Walker |first10=Tony R. |bibcode=2018MarPB.137..157S |s2cid=54522420 }}</ref><ref name="Xanthos">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048 |pmid=28238328 |title=International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |volume=118 |issue=1–2 |pages=17–26 |year=2017 |last1=Xanthos |first1=Dirk |last2=Walker |first2=Tony R. |bibcode=2017MarPB.118...17X }}</ref> Takalma na sayen filastik guda ɗaya,<ref name="plastic bags AU">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/waste/plastic-bags/index.html|title=Plastic bags|date=5 November 2009|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> wanda aka saba yi daga filastik mai ƙarancin polyethylene (LDPE), an ba da su kyauta ga abokan ciniki ta hanyar shagunan yayin sayen kayayyaki: an daɗe ana ɗaukar jaka a matsayin hanyar da ta dace, mai arha, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] don jigilar abubuwa. Matsalolin da ke tattare da jakunkunan filastik sun haɗa da amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba (kamar mai, gas da kwal), matsaloli yayin zubar, da tasirin muhalli. A lokaci guda tare da raguwa a cikin jaka na filastik mai sauƙi, shagunan sun gabatar da jaka na cin kasuwa masu amfani. Gwamnatoci daban-daban sun haramta sayar da jaka masu sauƙi, cajin kwastomomi don jaka masu sauƙi.<ref name="Xanthos"/> Gwamnatin [[Bangladesh]] ita ce ta farko da ta yi hakan a shekara ta 2002, inda ta sanya haramtacciyar haramiya akan jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi. Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, yawan manufofin jama'a da aka nufa don fitar da jakunkunan filastik sun ninka sau uku.<ref name="pmid31109543">{{Cite journal|url-status=428–440}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2022, an kuma gabatar da irin wannan haramcin a cikin kasashe 99, tare da matakai daban-daban na tilasta, kuma kasashe 32 a maimakon haka suna sanya caji ga jaka. Har ila yau, wasu hukunce-hukunce a matakin kasa sun kafa haramtacciya da cajin. == Tambayoyi == [[File:Payatas-Dumpsite_Manila_Philippines02.jpg|thumb|[[Gurbacewar Robobi|Sharar filastik]] a kan tuddai na sharar gida a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]]]] Takalma na filastik suna haifar da ƙananan batutuwan muhalli da muhalli. Matsalar da ta fi dacewa tare da jakunkunan filastik shine adadin sharar da aka samar. Yawancin jakunkunan filastik sun ƙare a kan tituna kuma daga baya sun gurɓata manyan hanyoyin ruwa, koguna, da rafi. [[File:Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg|left|thumb|Takardar filastik da aka lalata ta kusa da hanyar tafiya. Kimanin 2,000 guda 1 zuwa 25 mm (1/32" zuwa 1"), watanni uku na bayyanar waje.]] Ko da lokacin da aka zubar da su yadda ya kamata, suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don lalacewa da rushewa, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na [[Tarkace|shara]] a tsawon lokaci. Takalma da ba a zubar da su yadda ya kamata sun gurɓata [[Hanyar ruwa|hanyoyin ruwa]], an toshe magudanar ruwa kuma an samo su a cikin teku, suna shafar yanayin halittu na halittu na ruwa. Babban adadin sharar filastik ya ƙare a cikin teku a kowace shekara, yana haifar da barazana ga nau'in ruwa da rushewa ga jerin abinci na ruwa. Yawancin nau'o'in microbial suna mamayewa a kan barbashi na filastik wanda ke inganta cutar su, kuma barbashi na roba da iska ke fitarwa suna samar da wuraren shara a sassa daban-daban na teku.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=56928–56947}}</ref> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa za a sami filastik fiye da kifi a cikin teku nan da shekara ta 2050 sai dai idan kasashe sun zo da matakan gaggawa don inganta ingantaccen samarwa, amfani da kuma kula da sharar filastik a duk rayuwarsu. An gano jakunkunan filastik don taimakawa ga dumamar duniya. Bayan an zubar da shi, idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana mai daidaituwa, farfajiyar irin wannan filastik tana samar da iskar gas guda biyu na methane da ethylene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ghaffar |first1=Imania |last2=Rashid |first2=Muhammad |last3=Akmal |first3=Muhammad |last4=Hussain |first4=Ali |date=August 2022 |title=Plastics in the environment as potential threat to life: an overview |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-21542-x |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |language=en |volume=29 |issue=38 |pages=56928–56947 |doi=10.1007/s11356-022-21542-x |pmid=35713833 |s2cid=249713887 |issn=0944-1344}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin reshe / manyan rassan rassa, yana rushewa cikin sauƙi a tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik da ke haifar da wuraren da aka fallasa da kuma hanzarta sakin iskar gas. Samar da wadannan iskar gas daga filastik budurwa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da yanki / lokaci, don haka LDPE yana fitar da iskar gas a cikin mafi ƙarancin ƙima idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik. A ƙarshen kwana 212, an yi rikodin hayaki a 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 na methane, 14.5 nmol g 1 d-1 na ethylene, 3.9 nmol g1 d-1 na etane da 9.7 nmol g - d-1 na propylene.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our planet is drowning in plastic pollution. This World Environment Day, it's time for a change|url=https://www.unenvironment.org/interactive/beat-plastic-pollution/|access-date=2020-08-24|website=www.unenvironment.org}}</ref> Nau'o'i biyu na asali na lalacewar kai tsaye ga namun daji shine rikicewa da cin abinci. Dabbobi na iya zama masu rikitarwa da nutsar da su. Sau da yawa dabbobi ne ke cinye jakunkunan filastik waɗanda ba za su iya rarrabe su daga abinci ba. A sakamakon haka, suna rufe hanji wanda ke haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar yunwa. Takalma na filastik na iya toshe magudanar ruwa, kama tsuntsaye da kashe dabbobi. Asusun Duniya na Yanayi ya kiyasta cewa fiye da 100,000 whales, hatimi, da turtles suna mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon cin abinci ko kuma an kama su da jakar filastik. A Indiya, kimanin shanu 20 suna mutuwa a kowace rana sakamakon cinye jaka na filastik da kuma samun tsarin narkewar su da jaka. Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Afirka don samun magudanar ruwa da tsarin magudanar da aka rufe da jaka wanda ke haifar da mummunar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro saboda karuwar yawan sauro da ke zaune a kan magudanar ruwan da ta ambaliya. An kirkiro kalmar "farar gurɓataccen" a kasar Sin don bayyana tasirin gida da na duniya na jakunkunan filastik da aka watsar a kan muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Karl|first1=David M.|last2=Wilson|first2=Samuel T.|last3=Ferrón|first3=Sara|last4=Royer|first4=Sarah-Jeanne|date=1 August 2018|title=Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=8|pages=e0200574|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0200574|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6070199|pmid=30067755|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1300574R|doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref> Ana kuma hura jakar filastik masu sauƙi a cikin bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire kuma ana iya kuskuren su don abinci. Takalma na filastik sun lalace ta hanyar lalacewar polymer amma ba ta hanyar lalacewa ba. A sakamakon haka, duk wani sinadarin guba da suka hada da masu hana wuta, antimicrobials, da filastik za a saki cikin muhalli.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/docs/trash_that_kills.pdf|title=Marine litter – trash that kills|access-date=15 November 2016|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402044415/http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/docs/trash_that_kills.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yawancin waɗannan gubobi kai tsaye suna shafar tsarin endocrine na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sarrafa kusan kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki.<ref name="Plastic Waste and Wildlife">{{cite web|url=http://plasticwastesolutions.com/plastic-litter/#Plastic%20Waste%20and%20Wildlife|title=Plastic Waste and Wildlife|website=Plastic Waste Solutions|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna matsakaicin aiki na "rayuwa" na jakar filastik ya zama kusan shekaru 20. Takalma na kayan robori da aka zubar a cikin Tekun Pacific na iya ƙare a cikin Babban Gidan shara na Pacific. 80% na sharar filastik ya fito ne daga ƙasa; sauran sun fito ne daga dandamali na mai da jiragen ruwa. Dabbobi na ruwa na iya cin wannan, kuma su toshe hanyoyin numfashin su da tsarin narkewa. Bakunan filastik ba wai kawai suna ƙarawa ga Babban Gidan shara na Pacific ba, ana iya wanke su a bakin teku a duniya. == Hanyoyi == Hanyoyi biyu da suka fi shahara na fitar da jaka na filastik masu sauƙi sune caji da haramtacciyar doka.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> An ce dabarun cajin [who?] don samun duk sakamako iri ɗaya a rage jakar filastik a matsayin haramta jakar fila filastik, tare da ƙarin fa'idar ƙirƙirar sabon tushen kudaden shiga.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=16–19}}</ref> Hanyar cajin jakar filastik kuma tana kare zaɓin mabukaci, wanda haramcin bai yi ba.<ref name=":1" /> Sake amfani da jaka na filastik na iya zama wata hanyar fitarwa. Koyaya, kashi 5% ne kawai na jakunkunan filastik ke zuwa wuraren sake amfani.<ref name=":1"/> Ko da lokacin da aka kawo jaka zuwa wuraren sake amfani, sau da yawa suna tashi daga waɗannan ɗakunan ko motocin sake amfani kuma sun ƙare a matsayin datti a kan tituna.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|url-status=5–6}}</ref> Wani batu tare da sake amfani da shi shine cewa ana yin jaka daban-daban daga nau'ikan filastik daban-daban amma suna da kama da juna.<ref name=":1" /> Za'a iya yin jaka daga bioplastics ko filastik mai narkewa, kuma idan ba zato ba tsammani an haɗa su a cikin takin mai, bioplastics na iya gurɓata gurɓataccen biodegradable.<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan jaka na iya toshe kayan aikin sake amfani lokacin da aka gauraya da wasu nau'ikan filastik, wanda zai iya zama mai tsada don gyarawa.<ref name=":2" /> Misali, farashin gyare-gyare ya kai kusan dala miliyan 1 a kowace shekara a San Jose, California.<ref name=":2" /> [[File:Grocery_bag_comparisons_of_environmental_impact,_OWID.svg|thumb|350x350px|Kwatanta jakar kayan abinci game da tasirin muhalli]] [[File:Grocery_bag_comparisons_for_greenhouse_gas_emissions,_OWID.svg|thumb|350x350px|Kwatanta jakar kayan abinci don fitar da iskar gas mai guba]] Dangane da binciken 2018 a cikin Jaridar Tattalin Arziki ta Amurka: Manufofin Tattalin arziki, haraji na cents biyar a kan jaka masu zubar da su ya rage amfani da jaka mai zubar da maki 40.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=177–210}}</ref> Dangane da bita na 2019 na binciken da ke akwai, haraji da haraji sun haifar da raguwar kashi 66% a cikin amfani a Denmark, fiye da 90% a Ireland, tsakanin 74 da 90% a Afirka ta Kudu, Belgium, Hong Kong, Washington DC, Santa Barbara, Burtaniya da Portugal, da kuma kusan 50% a Botswana da China.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> Wani binciken 2019 a cikin ''Jaridar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa'' na Muhalli ya gano cewa aiwatar da haramtacciyar takunkumin filastik a California ya haifar da raguwar fam miliyan 40 na filastik ta hanyar kawar da jakunkunan filastik amma Californians sun sayi fam miliyan 12 na filastic ta hanyar sayen jakar shara.<ref name="Taylor2019">{{Cite journal|url-status=254–271}}</ref> Binciken ya nuna cewa kafin gabatar da haramcin tsakanin 12% da 22% na jakunkunan filastik an sake amfani da su azaman jakunkunan shara.<ref name="Taylor2019" /> == Rashin amincewa == Hana jakar filastik na iya haifar da manyan kasuwannin baƙar fata a cikin jakar fila filastik.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> Bincike ya nuna cewa haramtacciyar jakar filastik na iya kawar da mutane daga amfani da jakar fila filastik mai laushi, amma kuma yana iya kara amfani da jakunkunan takarda guda ɗaya da ba a tsara su ba ko jakunkunan filastik masu kauri a wuraren da ake samar da waɗannan kyauta.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|url-status=w28499}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, haramcin na iya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tallace-tallace na jakunkunan shara sabo mutane ba za su iya sake amfani da tsoffin jakunkunan kayan abinci ba don abubuwa kamar yin ƙananan gwangwani. Samar da wasu jaka wadanda ba na filastik ba {misali takarda, auduga, ta amfani da filastik budurwa kamar filastik da ke da kauri na micron 50} na iya samar da karin hayakin gas fiye da jakunkunan filastik, wanda ke nufin cewa hayakin gas na iya ƙaruwa a kan net bayan haramtacciyar jakar filastik. Za a buƙaci sake amfani da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su fiye da sau ɗari don sanya su da muhalli fiye da jakunkunan filastik. Ana kuma kallon su a matsayin marasa tsabta fiye da filastik saboda suna iya kawo kwayoyin cuta daga waje da shagon zuwa manyan wuraren tuntuɓar kamar kekuna da bincika wuraren da aka ajiye. == Shari'a a duniya == === Takaitaccen bayani === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" width="100%" ! class="sortable" scope="col" | Doka ! class="sortable" scope="col" | Ƙasa ! scope="col" | Ƙungiyoyin yankuna na majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanai ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Manazarta |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Afghanistan}} | Asiya-Facifik | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Albania}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018. | <ref>https://emerging-europe.com/news/albania-bans-lightweight-plastic-bags</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Andorra}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Since 2017. | <ref>https://www.mediambient.ad/bosses-de-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |N/A |Tun 2018. |<ref>https://theanguillian.com/2018/11/anguilla-joins-regions-governments-banning-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | Latin Amerika | | <ref>https://appliedecology.cals.ncsu.edu/absci/2016/07/antigua-and-barbuda-bans-plastic-bags/</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Regional ban | {{flag|Argentina}} | Latin Amerika | An hana a yankunan birane daban-daban | <ref>http://www.clarin.com/ciudades/adios-bolsas-super-opciones-precios-hora-hacer-compras_0_ryMN8RUBl.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Armenia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2022. |<ref>https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2019/02/23/Armenia/2076608</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Australia}} | Gabashin Turai da sauran | An dakatar da buhunan filastik masu nauyi a duk jihohi da yankuna. An maye gurbin jakunkunan filastik masu nauyi da jakunkuna masu kauri 15 ¢ da za a sake amfani da su a cikin manyan sarkokin manyan kantuna biyu a duk jihohi da yankuna. [[Norfolk Island]] yana da yarjejeniya ta son rai tare da dillalai. |<ref>http://www.news.com.au/finance/money/costs/new-laws-and-changes-that-will-affect-australia-from-january-1-2018-and-beyond/news-story/85825f4092834190a292a828aacb7c3d</ref><ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-06/plastic-bags-banned-in-queensland-cash-for-cans-and-bottles/8876620</ref><ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/news/victoria-set-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-year</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.norfolkonlinenews.com/ni-regional-council/council-adopts-a-plastic-bag-policy-for-norfolk-island |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2021-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620072219/http://www.norfolkonlinenews.com/ni-regional-council/council-adopts-a-plastic-bag-policy-for-norfolk-island |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/news/victoria-moves-to-ban-plastic-bags</ref><ref>https://7news.com.au/news/nsw/nsw-set-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-c-735021</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200613083826/https://7news.com.au/news/nsw/nsw-set-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-c-735021</ref><ref>https://www.nsw.gov.au/news/single-use-plastics-banned-under-new-law</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Austria}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2020. |<ref>https://www.seattletimes.com/business/austria-to-ban-most-plastic-bags-starting-in-2020</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2021. |<ref>https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-bans-more-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Bahamas}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 1 Juli 2020. |<ref>http://www.tribune242.com/news/2020/jan/03/customer-complaints-single-use-plastic-ban-comes-e</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bahrain}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 21 Juli 2019. |<ref>https://www.khaleejtimes.com/region/bahrain-to-ban-plastic-bags-in-july-12</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bangladesh}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2002. |<ref>http://www.globaltvedmonton.com/top+5/6442656206/story.html{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Barbados}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Afrilu 2019. |<ref>http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/another-caricom-country-places-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products_155333?profile=1373|title=Jamaica{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Belarus}} | Gabashin Turai | Ana la'akari da cajin. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/obshchestvo/belarus_v_trende_borby_s_musorom/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Belgium}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016 a Wallonia, 2017 a Brussels, 2019 a Flanders. |<ref>https://www.ff-packaging.com/plastic-bags-law-belgium</ref><ref>https://bakkersvlaanderen.be/nieuws/verbod-plastic-zakjes-definitief-van-kracht</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Belize}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 22 Afrilu 2019. |<ref>https://mic.com/articles/188565/belize-pledges-to-ban-plastic-forks-bags-and-other-single-use-items-by-2019#.dilSphOr1</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Benin}} | Afrika | Tun Nuwamba 2017. |<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-11-08/stop-banning-plastic-bags-please</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bhutan}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref>http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=22302</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Bolivia}} | Kudancin Amerika | An haramta a [[La Paz]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.boliviabella.com/la-paz-bolivia-bans-plastic-bags.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035129/http://www.boliviabella.com/la-paz-bolivia-bans-plastic-bags.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | Gabashin Turai | |<ref>https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27113/plastics_limits.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Botswana}} | Afrika | Tun Nuwamba 2018. |<ref>https://www.jenmansafaris.com/travel-info/travel-news-3/namibia-botswana-plastic-bag-pollution</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Brazil}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a [[Sao Paulo]] da [[Rio de Janeiro]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://theglobalgrid.org/city-of-sao-paulo-brazil-launches-ban-on-traditional-plastic-bags |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215054003/https://theglobalgrid.org/city-of-sao-paulo-brazil-launches-ban-on-traditional-plastic-bags/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/brazil-state-of-rio-de-janeiro-bans-plastic-bags</ref> |- | |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} | |Matsar daga filastik zuwa jakunkuna na takarda da aka tsara, hanyar da ba a sanar da ita ba. |<ref>https://biot.gov.io/news/tackling-plastic-pollution</ref> |- | style="background:#FF6600;" |Cajin son rai | {{flag|Brunei}} | Asiya-Facifik | |<ref>https://thescoop.co/2018/04/16/brunei-aims-phase-out-plastic-bags-2019</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Bulgaria}} | Gabashin Turai | |<ref>http://www.novinite.com/articles/168268/Bulgaria%E2%80%99s+Environment+Ministry+Reports+Substantial+Reduction+in+Plastic+Bag+Use</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. |<ref>http://www.unpei.org/latest-news/burkina-faso-endorses-law-on-sustainable-development-and-bans-non-biodegradable-plastic-bags</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Burundi}} | Afrika | Tun Ogusta 2019. |<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Burundi-brings-forward-plastic-bag-ban-by-six-months/4552908-5235636-f508l2/index.html</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Cambodia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Oktoba 2017. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/cambodia-to-charge-customers-for-plastic-bags-9324502 |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042929/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/cambodia-to-charge-customers-for-plastic-bags-9324502 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cameroon}} | Afrika | Tun Afrilu 2014. |<ref>http://africanarguments.org/2016/11/30/cameroon-bagging-it-after-the-plastic-ban</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Canada}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Disamba 20, 2022. |<ref>https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/phase-1-of-canada-s-single-use-plastics-ban-comes-into-effect-this-month-these-are-the-products-on-the-list-1.6189050</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cape Verde}} | Afrika | Tun 2017. |<ref>http://www.prcmarine.org/en/congratulations{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Central African Republic}} | Afrika | Tun 2021 |<ref>https://www.radiondekeluka.org/actualites/environnement/38030-centrafrique-les-sacs-plastiques-en-circulation-malgre-l-entree-en-vigueur-de-la-loi-interdisant-l-usage.html</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Chad}} | Afrika | An haramta a [[N'Djamena]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Chad-Prohibited-Restricted-Imports |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507193005/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Chad-Prohibited-Restricted-Imports |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Chile}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Janairu 2019. |<ref>https://www.diarioconcepcion.cl/economia-y-negocios/2019/02/03/comienza-la-aplicacion-de-la-nueva-ley-de-bolsas-plasticas.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|People's Republic of China}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun daga 2022. Cajin da aka yi amfani da shi tun Yuni 2008. An maye gurbin ta hanyar ban, ban da kasuwannin kayan amfanin gona har zuwa 2025. [[Hong Kong]] da [[Macau]] suna yin cajin. |<ref>http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/3158</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2014-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411142854/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140411142854/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-03-23/china-single-use-plastic-straw-and-bag-ban-takes-effect</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://macauhub.com.mo/2019/08/19/pt-fornecimento-gratuito-de-sacos-de-plastico-passa-a-ser-punido-em-macau |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513062334/https://macauhub.com.mo/2019/08/19/pt-fornecimento-gratuito-de-sacos-de-plastico-passa-a-ser-punido-em-macau/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.circularonline.co.uk/news/china-to-cut-single-use-plastic-reliance-by-2025/</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Republic of China (Taiwan)}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2003. An haramta a 2030. |<ref>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Asia.htm</ref><ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwan-to-ban-disposable-plastic-items-by-2030</ref><ref>https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3363954</ref><ref>https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/taiwan-ban-on-plastic-bags-straws-utensils-contain/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Colombia}} | Latin America | Tun Juli 2017. An yi caji akan jakunkuna masu sake amfani da su. |<ref>http://www.eltiempo.com/vida/conozca-los-detalles-sobre-el-impuesto-que-cobrara-las-bolsas-plasticas-en-colombia-104296</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cep.unep.org/meetings/documents/0b404dc465a9e115e589fe685e67a76e/@@download/en_file/WG.39_INF.8_Report_on_the_Status_of_Plastics_and_Styrofoam_Bans_in_the_WCR-en.pdf |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053119/http://www.cep.unep.org/meetings/documents/0b404dc465a9e115e589fe685e67a76e/@@download/en_file/WG.39_INF.8_Report_on_the_Status_of_Plastics_and_Styrofoam_Bans_in_the_WCR-en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Comoros}} | Afrika | Tun Afrilu 2018. |<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010021000081</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Costa Rica}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref>https://thecostaricanews.com/2021-costa-rica-will-be-first-country-eliminate-single-use-plastics/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An ha | {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | Afrika | Tun 2018. |<ref>https://medium.com/sci-five-university-of-basel/living-without-plastic-bags-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-is-paving-the-way-e245d8bfb7a8|title=Living without plastic bags — the Democratic Republic of Congo is paving the way|work=Medium|access-date=1 January 2019|</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} | Afrika | Tun 2011. | <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-congo-environment-plastic-20110602-idAFJOE7510G320110602<ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-congo-environment-plastic-20110602-idAFJOE7510G320110602</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Croatia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2022. | <ref>https://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/58878-plastic-bag-ban-in-croatia|{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cyprus}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 18 Febrairu 2023. | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cyprus-mail.com/2018/01/04/shops-ignoring-plastic-bag-ban |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511113551/https://cyprus-mail.com/2018/01/04/shops-ignoring-plastic-bag-ban |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/02/11/plastic-bag-ban-to-be-implemented-february-18/ |date=February 11, 2023</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Canji | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018 | <ref>https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/czech-republic-bids-farewell-free-plastic-bags-2018/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102131845/https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/czech-republic-bids-farewell-free-plastic-bags-2018/ |date=2019-11-02 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Canji | {{flag|Denmark}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Haraji akan buhunan filastik tun 1993. Hakanan akwai haraji a Greenland. | <ref>http://www.surfrider.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/report_EUMemberStateslegislations_PlasticBags_web_en.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2014-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221512/http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 |url-status=dead }}</ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221512/http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 </ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Djibouti}} | Afrika | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Dominica}} | Arewacin Amirka | Tun 2019. | <ref>http://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/environment/2018/08/island-nation-banning-plastic {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509045825/https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/environment/2018/08/island-nation-banning-plastic |date=2023-05-09 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|East Timor}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 23 Febrairu 2021. | <ref>https://devpolicy.org/burning-ambition-timor-lestes-waste-management-problem-20210524-2/</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Ecuador}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 9 Mayu 2020. An haramta a Galápagos Islands. | <ref>https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/chile-becomes-first-south-american-country-to-ban-commercial-use-of-plastic-bags-4895191.html</ref><ref>https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/impuesto-bolsas-plasticas-vigencia-ecuador.html</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Egypt}} | Afrika | An haramta a Red Sea Governorate. | <ref>https://ww.egyptindependent.com/red-sea-governorate-bans-plastics</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | Afrika | Caji tun 12 Deisamba 2019. | <ref>https://taxnews.ey.com/news/2020-0346-equatorial-guinea-publishes-financial-law-2020</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Eritrea}} | Afrika | Tun 2005. | <ref>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081227173934/</ref><ref>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Estonia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun Yuli 2017. | |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Regional An haramta | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Afrika | | <ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/22/c_136302987.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081156/</ref><ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/22/c_136302987.htm</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Fiji}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2020. | <ref>https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/406477/fiji-s-plastic-bag-ban-to-come-into-effect-on-new-year-s-day</ref> |- | style="background:#FF6600;" |Caji na son rai | {{flag|Finland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | | <ref>https://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2017/07/ditching-plastic-bags-a-lesson-from-africa/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|France}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Yuli 2016. Hakanan an dakatar da shi a Overseas France. | <ref>https://www.euractiv.com/section/sustainable-dev/news/france-postpones-plastic-bag-ban-for-six-months/|website=EurActiv.fr|access-date=14{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} November 2016</ref><ref>http://www.thetelegram.com/opinion/letter-to-the-editor/st-pierre-et-miquelon-a-taste-of-french-freedom-for-nlers-209285/</ref><ref>http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr</ref><ref>https://www.tahiti-infos.com/Le-gouvernement-annonce-une-interdiction-des-sacs-plastiques-en-2019_a174675.html</ref><ref>https://www.euractiv.fr/section/developpement-durable/news/la-nouvelle-caledonie-interdit-les-plastiques-jetables/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Gabon}} | Afrika | Tun 2010. | <ref>http://www.panapress.com/Gabon-to-ban-plastic-bags,-introduces-biodegradable-bags--13-534258-18-lang2-index.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Gambia}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. | <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201505121229.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Georgia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2017. | <ref>http://hetq.am/eng/news/84469/armenia-fails-to-ban-plastic-bags-taxing-them-could-generate-$215-million-for-the-government.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Germany}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2022. | <ref>https://www.de24.news/en/2020/11/plastic-bags-will-be-banned-from-supermarkets-from-2022.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} | |Tun 2019. |<ref>https://www.gbc.gi/news/new-legislation-bans-most-single-use-plastic-bags-and-makes-washing-down-dog-urine-legal-obligation-42439</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Greece}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2018. | <ref>http://www.ekathimerini.com/224103/article/ekathimerini/news/free-plastic-shopping-bags-banned-from-start-of-new-year</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Greece}} | Yammacin Turai da Sauran | Tun 2018. | <ref>http://www.ekathimerini.com/224103/article/ekathimerini/news/free-plastic-shopping-bags-banned-from-start-of-new-year</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Grenada}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Febrairu 2019. | <ref>http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/311492/grenada-bans-single-use-plastics</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guatemala}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref>https://apnews.com/336d3631ab9240339aa37c3e912e611d</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramcin yanki da cajin son rai |{{Flag|Guernsey|name=(Bailiwick of) Guernsey}} | |An haramta a Alderney. Cajin son rai a Cuernsey. |<ref>https://guernseypress.com//news/2020/03/15/alderney-agrees-ban-on-single-use-plastic-bags/<ref><ref>https://guernseypress.com//news/2018/12/28/uk-has-left-us-behind-on-plastic-bag-charge<ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | Afrika | Tun 2016. | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guyana}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref name="epag">{{cite web|url=http://www.epaguyana.org/epa/single-use-plastics/about-the-ban/163-the-impending-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products|title=The Impending Ban on Single-use Plastic Products (SUPP)|website=Environmental Protection Agency Guyana|access-date=4 April 2021|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119170054/https://www.epaguyana.org/epa/single-use-plastics/about-the-ban/163-the-impending-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Haiti}} | Latin Amerika | | <ref name="auto51">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/15/haiti-police-raid-plastics-ban-crackdown|title=Haiti police raid warehouses in plastics ban crackdown|first=Rashmee Roshan|last=Lall|date=15 August 2013 |access-date=27 November 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramtarwa yanki | {{flag|Honduras}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a ''Bay Islands Department]''. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://hondurastravel.com/news/lifestyle/roatan-bans-plastic-bags-and-straws/|title=Roatan Bans Plastic Bags and Straws!|work=Honduras Travel|date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Hungary}} | Gabashin Turai | Since 2012. | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Iceland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2021. | <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2021/01/05/plastic_shopping_bags_banned_in_iceland/|title=Plastic Shopping Bags Banned in Iceland|magazine=Iceland Monitor|access-date=9 February 2021|date=5 Jan 2021}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|India}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2002. Haka kuma an dakatar da shi a matakan yanki saboda rashin aiwatar da doka. | <ref name="worldbag reduction" /><ref name="auto53">{{cite encyclopedia|title=plastic pollution: cow eating a plastic bag, near the Ganges River, Allahabad, India, 2007|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/136513/A-cow-eating-a-plastic-bag-discarded-by-Hindu-devotees|encyclopedia=Britannica|access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Hani da cajin yanki | {{flag|Indonesia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Charges in 23 cities. An haramta a [[Bali]] tun 2019 da [[Jakarta]] tun Yuli 2020. | <ref name="auto57">{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesia-launches/2534464.html|title=Indonesia launches campaign to reduce use of plastic bags|date=21 February 2016|author=Sujadi Siswo|access-date=26 February 2016|archive-date=22 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222234235/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesia-launches/2534464.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/189436/indonesia-plastic-bag-ban-in-bali-to-go-into-effect-june-2019|title=Indonesia: Plastic bag ban in Bali to go into effect June 2019|website=GardaWorld|access-date=10 June 2019|archive-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510153905/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/189436/indonesia-plastic-bag-ban-in-bali-to-go-into-effect-june-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/01/07/jakarta-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-by-june.html|title=Jakarta to ban single-use plastic bags by June|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/videos/2020/7/1/indonesia-jakarta-bans-single-use-plastic-bags|title=Indonesia: Jakarta bans single-use plastic bags|first=Jessica|last=Washington|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Ireland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun daga Maris 2002, an ƙara harajin Yuro 0.15 a cikin duk jakunkunan filastik. Tun bayan da aka kara wadannan tuhume-tuhumen, an samu raguwar amfani da buhunan robobi da kashi 90%. | <ref name="auto54">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17027990|title=What should be done about plastic bags?|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2015|date=2012-03-19|last1=Summers|first1=Chris}}</ref><ref name="Ireland">{{cite journal |last1=Convery |first1=Frank |last2=McDonnell |first2=Simon |last3=Ferreira |first3=Susana |title=The most popular tax in Europe? Lessons from the Irish plastic bags levy |journal=Environmental and Resource Economics |date=26 July 2007 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/s10640-006-9059-2 |s2cid=155059787 }}</ref> |- | |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |N/A | |<ref>{{cite web |date=24 July 2019 |title=Manx government proposes ban on single-use plastics |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-49103294 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-63329873|date=October 20, 2022|title=Plastic bags and straws to be banned on the Isle of Man in 2023|publisher=[[BBC News]]|access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Israel}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Janairu 2017. | <ref name="auto58">Udasin, Sharon: [http://www.jpost.com/Enviro-Tech/Knesset-bills-seeks-to-alleviate-scourge-of-plastic-shopping-bags-in-Israel-340958 "Knesset bills seeks to alleviate scourge of plastic shopping bags in Israel "], in ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 10 February 2014</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Italy}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Janairu 2011. | <ref name="auto55">{{cite web| url=http://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/01/06/italy-carries-out-plastic-bag-ban| title=Italy Carries Out Plastic Bag Ban| date=6 January 2011| publisher=Environmental Leader| access-date=3 July 2012| archive-date=10 May 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510153905/http://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/01/06/italy-carries-out-plastic-bag-ban| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Ivory Coast}} | Afrika | Tun 2014. | <ref name="auto56">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-30198313|title=Plastic bag protest in Ivory Coast|date=25 November 2014|access-date=23 March 2018 |newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Jamaica}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Janairu 2019. | <ref name="auto61">{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Gov%26%238217;t_ban_on_single_use_plastic_bags,_straws,_Styrofoam_starts_January|work=Jamaica Observer|date=17 September 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|title=Gov't ban on single use plastic bags, straws, Styrofoam starts January}}</ref><ref name="Clayton et al 2020" /> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Japan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Juli 2020. | <ref name="auto62">{{Cite web|url=http://news_id035126.html/|title=Current Status of Plastic Bag Reduction Efforts in Japan｜JFS Japan for Sustainability|website=JFS Japan for Sustainability}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://japantoday.com/category/national/not-so-fantastic-can-japan-end-its-love-affair-with-plastic|title=Can Japan end its love affair with plastic?|work=Japan Today|date=25 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-11-japan-retailers-plastic-bags.html|work=Phys|title=Japan retailers to charge for plastic bags from 2020|date=1 November 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Jersey}} | |An haramta tun Yuli 2022. Jakunkuna da za a sake amfani da su dangane da cajin 70p. |<ref>{{cite web |title=Single use plastic and paper bag guidance |url=https://www.gov.je/Industry/RetailHospitality/Shops/Pages/singleuseplastics.aspx |accessdate=27 December 2022 |work=Jersey Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-21 |title=Single-use plastic carrier bag ban in Jersey begins |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-jersey-62238573 |access-date=2023-01-23}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Ana la'akari da Ban. | <ref name="auto63">{{cite web|url=https://news.tj/en/news/centralasia/20171226/kazakhstan-authorities-decide-to-abolish-plastic-shopping-bags|title=Kazakhstan authorities decide to abolish plastic shopping bags|publisher=Tajikistan News Asia-Plus|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101131748/http://www.news.tj/en/news/centralasia/20171226/kazakhstan-authorities-decide-to-abolish-plastic-shopping-bags|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Kenya}} | Afrika | Tun 28 ga Ogusta 2017. | <ref name="auto59">{{cite news |last1=Freytas-Tamura |first1=Kimiko de |title=In Kenya, Selling or Importing Plastic Bags Will Cost You $19,000 — or Jail (Published 2017) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/world/africa/kenya-plastic-bags-ban.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Kiribati}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Oktoba 2020. | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g20mpl.org/partners/kiribati|title=Policy framework: Kiribati Integrated Environment Policy|work=Osaka Blue Ocean Vision|date=27 August 2021|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Ana la'akari da Ban. | <ref name="auto64">{{cite web|url=https://24.kg/english/75474__Kyrgyzstan_intends_to_prohibit_use_of_plastic_bags/|title=Kyrgyzstan intends to prohibit use of plastic bags|first=Anastasia|last=BENGARD|date=8 February 2018|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Latvia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun daga Janairu 2019. Ban da za a aiwatar da shi nan da 2025. | <ref name="auto60">{{cite web|url=http://bnn-news.com/stores-in-latvia-will-no-longer-provide-plastic-bags-free-of-charge-178081|title=Stores in Latvia will no longer provide plastic bags free of charge|date=11 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/environment/how-latvian-stores-prepare-for-future-ban-on-free-plastic-bags.a471497/|date=August 30, 2022|title=How Latvian stores prepare for future ban on free plastic bags|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia|LSM]]|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramtar yanki | {{flag|Lebanon}} | Asiya-Facifik | An haramta a Byblos. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/lebanese-mayor-bans-plastic-bags-we-need-to-start-somewhere-254361913|title=Lebanese mayor bans plastic bags: 'We need to start somewhere'|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Lesotho}} | Afrika | An shirya caji. | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsdayonline.co.ls/government-imposes-plastic-bag-levy/ |title=Government imposes plastic bag levy |website=News Day |date=13 December 2022 |accessdate=12 January 2023 |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112223945/https://www.newsdayonline.co.ls/government-imposes-plastic-bag-levy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Lithuania}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 31 Disamba 2018. | |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Luxembourg}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Madagascar}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. | <ref name="auto65">{{cite web|url=https://en.indian-ocean-times.com/Madagascar-Prohibition-of-the-use-of-plastic-bags-as-from-May-1-2015_a4602.html|title=Madagascar: Prohibition of the use of plastic bags as from May 1 2015|first=Antso|last=Rajaona|access-date=2023-05-07|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806053447/https://en.indian-ocean-times.com/Madagascar-Prohibition-of-the-use-of-plastic-bags-as-from-May-1-2015_a4602.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Malawi}} | Afrika | An soke haramcin sau da yawa. | |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Cajin yanki | {{flag|Malaysia}} | Asia-Pacific | An caja a jahohi biyu | <ref name="auto67">{{cite web| url=http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php/ms/pusat-media/koleksi-ucapan-yab-km/638-launching-of-no-free-plastic-bags-day-at-tesco-sg-dua| title=Launching of No Free Plastic Bags Day at Tesco Sg Dua| date=24 January 2011| publisher=Penang Government| access-date=2 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="auto68">{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/3/nation/20100103204118&sec=nation|title=Selangor implements 'No Plastic Day' every Saturday|date=3 January 2010|author=Shaun Ho|work=The Star|access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Maldives}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Yuni 2021. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://raajje.mv/92939|title=Maldives banning plastic bags, straws and other single-use items from June 2021|date=31 December 2020|website=raajje.mv|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mali}} | Afrika | | <ref name="auto69">{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130103-2013-plastic-bag-ban-mauritania-mali|title=Could 2013 spell the end for plastic bags? |work=France 24|date=3 January 2013 |access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Malta}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2022. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/news/single-use-plastics-will-be-banned-in-malta-by-2022/|title=Single-Use Plastics Will Be Banned In Malta By 2022|work=Lovin Malta|date=14 October 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Marshall Islands}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref name="RadioNZ">{{cite web|url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/336271/more-pacific-islands-step-up-battle-against-plastic|title=More Pacific islands step up battle against plastic|date=1 August 2017|website=Radio New Zealand|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mauritania}} | Afrika | Tun 2013. | <ref name="auto70">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20891539|title=Mauritania bans plastic bag use|date=3 January 2013 |access-date=3 July 2012|newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mauritius}} | Afrika | Tun 2016. | <ref>{{cite web |title=Mauritius bans the use of plastic bags |url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Mauritius-bans-the-use-of-plastic-bags.aspx |website=Government of Mauritius |access-date=2019-01-05 |date=4 January 2016 |archive-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511083659/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Mauritius-bans-the-use-of-plastic-bags.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Mexico}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a jihohi 18 da Mexico City. | <ref name="Mexico">{{Cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/estos-son-los-estados-del-pais-que-prohiben-el-uso-de-plasticos/1356289|title=Estos son los estados del país que prohíben el uso de plásticos|date=4 January 2020|website=Excélsior}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-28 |title=State of Chihuahua to ban plastic bags next month |url=https://www.ktsm.com/news/juarez/state-of-chihuahua-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-month/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=KTSM 9 News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824200910/https://www.ktsm.com/news/juarez/state-of-chihuahua-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-month/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalisco plastic bag ban fines put on ice for next 12 months |url=https://theguadalajarareporter.net/index.php/news/news/regional/54588-jalisco-plastic-bag-ban-fines-put-on-ice-for-next-12-months |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=theguadalajarareporter.net}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Micronesia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 31 Disamba 2020. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sprep.org/news/pacific-islands-moving-towards-banning-single-use-plastic|title=Pacific Islands Moving Towards Banning Single Use Plastic|work=SPREP|date=29 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kirmakosrae.wordpress.com/education-unit/|title=Plastic Bag Ban coming April 2019 for Kosrae State|date=4 December 2018|work=Kirma Kosrae}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/523ce201e4b0cd883dbb8bbf/t/5b5e38e02b6a28400343a7e8/1532901604439/ChuukSB14-34.pdf|work=Chuuk State Senate|title=Chuuk State Clean Environment Act of 2018|date=April 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Republic of Moldova}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2021. | <ref name="dulgher">{{cite web|url=https://www.moldova.org/en/plastic-bags-use-and-selling-will-be-penalised-in-moldova/|title=Plastic bags use and selling will be penalised in Moldova|first=Maria|last=Dulgher|website=moldova.org|access-date=4 April 2021|date=13 February 2020}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Monaco}} | Gabashin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016. | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monacolife.net/plastic-bag-restrictions-continue-in-monaco/|title=Plastic bag restrictions continue in Monaco|author=Staff Writer|date=8 January 2017|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mongolia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Maris 2019. | <ref name="auto74">{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/20/c_137267997.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620100433/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/20/c_137267997.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2018|title=Mongolia decides to ban single-use plastic bags |work=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Montenegro}} | Gabashin Turai | | <ref name="auto75">{{cite web|url=https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/lifestyle/2805-plastic-bags-banning-montenegro|title=Plastic Bag Ban to be Introduced in Montenegro|website=Total Montenegro News |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Morocco}} | Afrika | Tun Yuli 2016. | <ref name="auto76">{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/07/01/morocco-enforcing-nationwide-ban-on-plastic-bags/|title=Morocco enforcing nationwide ban on plastic bags|date=1 July 2016 | publisher=Africanews|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Mozambique}} | Afrika | Tun daga 5 ga Fabrairu 2016. Ban da za a aiwatar da shi ta 2024. | <ref name="auto77">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601290496.html|title=Mozambique: Restrictions On Plastic Bags Take Effect On 5 February|date=29 January 2016|website=AllAfrica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/mozambique-plastic-bags-to-be-banned-by-2024/ |date=June 16, 2022 |title=MOZAMBIQUE: Plastic bags to be banned by 2024 |publisher=[[Afrik21]] |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Myanmar}} | Asiya-Facifik | An haramta a Yangon. | <ref name="mmtimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/2950-plastic-bags-get-the-toss-from-yangon.html |title=Plastic bags get the toss from Yangon |work=The Myanmar Times |date=2 May 2011 |access-date=26 December 2018 |author1=Aye Sapay Phyu |author2=Juliet Shwe Gaung |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232548/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/2950-plastic-bags-get-the-toss-from-yangon.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Namibia}} | Afrika | An haramta shi a wurare masu kariya. Levy ya amince amma ba a aiwatar da shi ba. | <ref name="auto78">{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/23/c_137625081.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123004406/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/23/c_137625081.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2018|title=Namibia officially bans plastic bags in protected areas |work=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=20 December 2018 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Nauru}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 23 Afrilu 2021. | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/index.php/subordinate_legislation/view/784|title=Ronlaw – Nauru's Online Legal Database – Environmental Management and Climate Change (Ban on Single Use Plastic Shopping Bags) Regulations 2021 in force|website=ronlaw.gov.nr}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Nepal}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref name="auto79">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/ban-production-use-plastic-bags-comes-effect/|title=Ban on production and use of plastic bags comes into effect|date=17 July 2016|access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Netherlands}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016. An dakatar da shi a Aruba, Sint Maarten da Caribbean Netherlands. | <ref name="auto81">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/afval/inhoud/verbod-op-gratis-plastic-tassen|title=Verbod op gratis plastic tassen – Afval – Rijksoverheid.nl|last=Milieu|first=Ministerie van Infrastructuur en|website=rijksoverheid.nl|language=nl-NL|access-date=2016-03-30|date=2015-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caribjournal.com/2016/08/08/aruba-just-banned-plastic-bags/|title=Why Aruba Just Banned Plastic Bags|date=9 August 2016|website=Caribbean Journal|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobonaire.com/single-use-plastics-banned-by-bonaire/|title=Single-Use Plastics Banned by Bonaire|first=Susan Davis for The Bonaire|last=Insider|date=18 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/plastic-carrier-bags-prohibited-in-saba-per-january-1/|title=Plastic carrier bags prohibited in Saba per January 1|website=www.curacaochronicle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxmstrong.com/sint-maartens-move-to-prohibit-single-use-plastics-focuses-on-natural-processes-emerging-green-technologies-innovative-thinking/|title=Sint Maarten's Move To Prohibit Single-Use Plastics 'Focuses On Natural Processes, Emerging Green Technologies, Innovative Thinking'|date=27 April 2021}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|New Zealand}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Yuli 2019. 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2019}}</ref><ref>[https://zabranaplasticnikesi.site/nezabraneti-zabraneti-plasticni-kesi/ "Незабранетите забранети пластични кеси во Македонија"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002818/https://zabranaplasticnikesi.site/nezabraneti-zabraneti-plasticni-kesi/ |date=2022-08-13 }}, Иницијатива за забрана на пластични кеси, 23.12.2020.</ref> |- | style="background:#FF6600;" |Cajin son rai | {{flag|Norway}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | | <ref name="auto83">{{cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20171003/plastic-bag-charge-on-way-to-norway|title=Plastic bag charge carries to Norway|newspaper=The Local Norway |date=3 October 2017}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Oman}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2021. | <ref name="auto84">{{cite web|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/clarification-issued-on-single-use-plastic-bag-ban-in-oman|title=Clarification issued on single-use plastic bag ban in Oman|work=Times of Oman|access-date=9 February 2021|date=8 January 2021|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108090422/https://timesofoman.com/article/clarification-issued-on-single-use-plastic-bag-ban-in-oman|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Pakistan}} | Asiya-Facifik | An dakatar da zaman kansa a kowace larduna da yankunan kasar daga 1994 zuwa 2019. | <ref name="auto85">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/508417-pakistan-will-become-128th-country-to-ban-use-of-plastic-bags-on-14th|title=Pakistan will become 128th country to ban use of plastic bags on 14th |date=5 August 2019|work=The News |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/445120-kp-govt-bans-plastic-bags|title=KP govt bans plastic bags|date=17 March 2019|work=The News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/in-pakistans-northern-mountains-plastic-bags-face-the-bin|title=In Pakistan's northern mountains, plastic bags face the 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Caloocan, Valenzuela, Navotas, San Juan, San Juan, da Parañaque. | <ref name="auto90">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Weekender&title=to-plastic-or-not-to-plastic-that-is-the-question...&id=47636|title=To plastic or not to plastic, that is the question...|last=Valisno|first=Jeffrey O.|date=March 2, 2012|website=Business World Online|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113005844/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Weekender&title=to-plastic-or-not-to-plastic-that-is-the-question...&id=47636|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/environment/quezon-city-plastic-bag-fee|title=Quezon City plastic bag fee to go to 'green' projects|website=Rappler|date=14 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/265156/money/economy/industry-expects-50-downsizing-if-manila-bans-plastic-bags/|title=Industry expects 50% downsizing if Manila bans plastic bags|website=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref name="gmanetwork.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/318144/news/specialreports/as-ban-on-plastic-bags-spreads-valenzuela-stubbornly-says-no/|title=As ban on plastic bags spreads, Valenzuela stubbornly says 'no'|website=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/606728/why-malabon-continues-to-delay-plastic-ban|title=Why Malabon continues to delay plastic ban|first=Nathaniel R.|last=Melican|date=30 May 2014|website=INQUIRER.net}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Poland}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018. | <ref name="auto91">{{cite web |title=Koniec z darmowymi reklamówkami. Jakie są ceny foliówek w supermarketach? |url=https://www.wprost.pl/gospodarka/10095657/koniec-z-darmowymi-reklamowkami-jakie-sa-ceny-foliowek-w-supermarketach.html |publisher=[[Wprost]] |access-date=28 September 2018|date=2018-01-02 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Portugal}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016. | <ref name="auto92">{{cite web|url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/plastic-bag-use-plummets-a-year-after-tax-introduction/37473|title=Plastic bag use plummets a year after tax introduction|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426052944/https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/plastic-bag-use-plummets-a-year-after-tax-introduction/37473|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Romania}} | Gabashin Turai | Since 2019. | |- | | {{flag|Russian}} | Gabashin Turai | Ana shirin za'a haramta a 2024. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/02/russia-to-fully-ban-single-use-plastic-products-by-2024-minister-a74960 |title=Russia Moves to Phase Out Plastic Bags in New Draft Law|website=The Moscow Times|date=2 September 2021 | first= Maxim | last=Korotchenko }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Rwanda}} | Afrika | Tun 2008. | <ref name="Rwanda">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/feb/15/rwanda-banned-plastic-bags-so-can-we | title=Think you can't live without plastic bags? Consider this: Rwanda did it | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | date=15 February 2014 | access-date=14 September 2015 | author=Clavel, Émilie}}</ref> |} === Afirka === [[File:Niger,_Karey_Gorou,_(7)_waste_disposal.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Sharar filastik a Karey Gorou, Nijar]] [[Kenya]] ta yi ƙoƙari na farko don hana masana'antu da shigo da jakar filastik a cikin 2007 da 2011 a matsayin hanyar kare muhalli. haramcin 2007 da 2011 da aka yi niyya da filastik a ƙasa da microns 30 ya gaza bayan masana'antun da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki sun yi barazanar ba da kuɗin amfani da wasu kayan ga masu amfani. A cikin 2017 sakataren majalisa na Muhalli da albarkatun kasa, Farfesa Judy Wakhungu ya haramta amfani, ƙerawa da shigo da duk jakar filastik da aka yi amfani da su don kunshin kasuwanci da na gida a ƙarƙashin lambar sanarwar Gazette 2356. A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Kenya ta fara aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar na jakunkunan filastik guda daya. An cire jakunkuna na farko, jakunkuna masu sharar gida, da kayan kwalliya daga haramcin. An yaba da haramcin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsauri a duniya, tare da tarar har zuwa $ 40000, ko shekaru huɗu a kurkuku. Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a cikin 2019, a lokacin [[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya]], ya kara karfafa kokarin Kenya na yaki da gurɓata filastik da kuma ci gaba da kula da sharar gida ta hanyar haramta filastik mai amfani guda ɗaya a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Harin, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2020, ya haramta amfani da filastik a wuraren shakatawa na kasa, rairayin bakin teku, gandun daji da wuraren kiyayewa. ==== Najeriya ==== A watan Mayu 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta [[Najeriya]] ta haramta samarwa, shigowa da amfani da jaka na filastik a kasar. ==== Rwanda ==== haramcin jakar filastik na [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ya fara aiki a cikin 2008. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta karfafa wasu kasashe a yankinsu da su haramta jakar filastik, tun daga shekarar 2011. ==== Somaliya ==== An dakatar da jakunkunan filastik a Jamhuriyar Somaliland da ta ayyana kanta a ranar 1 ga Maris 2005 bayan lokacin alheri na kwanaki 120 wanda gwamnati ta bai wa jama'a don kawar da kayansu. Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta sanar da shawarar majalisar a cikin wata doka mai taken: "Harka shigo da kaya, samarwa da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin kasar". An yi wa jaka lakabi da "furewar Hargeysa", saboda da yawa daga cikinsu sun ƙare da hurawa kuma sun makale a cikin bishiyoyi da shrubs, suna haifar da haɗari ga dabbobi saboda dabbobin da ke cin ganyayyaki galibi suna cinye jaka ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin 2015 an sake maimaita haramcin ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. #JSL / M / XERM/249-3178/042015, sake samar da kwanaki 120 na alheri don kawar da hannun jari. Don tabbatar da aiwatar da haramcin, gwamnati ta kafa ƙungiyoyin tilasta aiki a cikin 2016 don gudanar da tafiye-tafiye na musamman waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da bincike a cikin ɗakunan kasuwanci. Akalla maza da mata 1000 a cikin tufafi da aka tura cikin manyan kasuwanni da manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Gwamnati ta sanar da tarar masu keta doka da ke ci gaba da sayar da jakunkunan filastik a kasar. ==== Afirka ta Kudu ==== Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar damuwa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] kafin a gabatar da harajin jaka a shekara ta 2004. Ba a taɓa dakatar da jaka ba, amma an gabatar da haraji, wanda mai yin jakar filastik zai biya. Ana karɓar jakunkunan filastik masu kauri kuma kodayake wannan matakin da farko ya haifar da fushi tare da masu amfani da raguwa na farko a cikin ƙididdiga, amfani da masu amfani ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa jakunkunan sayen filastik biliyan da yawa a kowace shekara. ==== Tanzania ==== Gwamnatin Juyin Juya Halin [[Zanzibar]] ta haramta jakar filastik a shekarar 2005. [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar a cikin shekara ta 2006. Koyaya, an jinkirta tabbatar da shi fiye da shekaru goma. A ƙarshe haramcin ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2019. ==== Tunisiya ==== [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] ta gabatar da haramtacciyar rarraba jakar filastik a cikin manyan kantuna tun daga 1 ga Maris 2017. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli da manyan sarkar manyan kantuna a kasar don aiwatar da matakin farko na tsari da nufin rage amfani da jaka na filastik. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Tunisia suna shirin kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a don kafa manufofi masu kyau a kasar. ==== Uganda ==== [[File:Trash_in_kampala.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Tarin shara ciki har da jakar filastik a Kampala, Uganda]] [[Uganda]] ta gabatar da doka a cikin 2007 don hana sayar da jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi a ƙarƙashin 30 μm kauri da jakunkuna masu kauri a cikin kashi 120%. Kodayake dokokin sun fara aiki a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, ba a aiwatar da su ba kuma sun kasa rage yawan amfani da jakunkunan filastik. Ba a aiwatar da doka sosai ba. === Asiya === ==== Bangladesh ==== An gabatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a Bangladesh a shekara ta 2002 bayan ambaliyar ruwa da aka haifar da jakunkunan filastik da aka zubar da su ta mamaye kashi biyu bisa uku na kasar cikin ruwa tsakanin 1988 da 1998. Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar matsala ga tsarin sharar gida da hanyoyin ruwa. ==== Cambodia ==== Kambodiya ta zartar da doka don sanya harajin jakar filastik a watan Oktoba 2017. Supermarkets yanzu cajin abokan ciniki 400 Riels (10 US cents) ga kowane jakar filastik idan suna buƙatar ɗaya. ==== China ==== An gabatar da haramtacciyar jakar filastik a kan jakar filalastik mai laushi da kuma kuɗin a kan jakunkunan filastik da aka gabatar a kasar Sin a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2008. Wannan ya fara aiki ne saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da magudanar ruwa da sharar gida. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa amfani da jakar filastik ya fadi tsakanin 60 zuwa 80% a cikin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, kuma an yi amfani da jakunkuna biliyan 40. Koyaya, asusun farko sun nuna a sarari, haramcin ya ga iyakantaccen nasara, kuma cewa amfani da jaka na filastik ya kasance mai yawa. Masu sayar da tituna da ƙananan shagunan, waɗanda suka zama babban ɓangare na tallace-tallace a China, ba sa bin manufofin a wani ɓangare saboda matsalolin aiwatar da haramcin. Kalmar "farar fata gurɓata" (Sinanci: 白色污染; pinyin: baise wuran, ba sau da yawa " shara" Sinanci:白色垃垃垃圾; ) ya zama na gida ga China kuma daga baya zuwa Kudancin Asiya, yana jin daɗin amfani da karami a waje da yankin. Yana nufin launi na fararen jaka na sayen filastik, kwantena na styrofoam, da sauran kayan haske waɗanda suka fara juyawa a cikin girma a cikin filayen noma, wuri mai faɗi, da hanyoyin ruwa a tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen 1990s. Magana ta farko game da kalmar "farar gurɓata" ta bayyana a cikin harshen hukuma aƙalla tun farkon 1999, lokacin da Majalisar Jiha ta sanya haramtacciyar farko. ===== Hong Kong ===== [[Hong Kong]] ta haramta masu siyarwa daga ba da jakunkunan filastik a ƙarƙashin wani kauri kuma kyauta. An aiwatar da harajin jakar filastik na 50 cent a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2015 a fadin Hong Kong. Amfani da jaka na filastik ya ragu da kashi 90% bayan gabatar da harajin. Alamomi sun nuna cewa Hong Kong tana kawar da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin babban farashi. [[File:Malpublicinfoboard.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Alamar da ke shelar cewa jakar polythene ta fi 30 μm an haramta a Kasaragod, [[Kerala]], Indiya.]] ==== Indiya ==== A shekara ta 2002, Indiya ta haramta samar da jakunkunan filastik a ƙasa da 20 μm a kauri don hana jakunkunan roba daga toshe tsarin magudanar ruwa na birni da kuma hana shanu na [[Indiya]] cin jakunkunan Filastik yayin da suke rikitar da shi don abinci. Koyaya, tilasta aiki ya kasance matsala. Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi ta kuma zartar da ka'idoji don hana duk jakar polythene kasa da microns 50 a ranar 18 ga Maris 2016. Saboda rashin aiwatar da wannan ka'idar, hukumomin yanki (jihohi da kamfanonin birni), dole ne su aiwatar da nasu ka'idojin. A cikin 2016, Sikkim, jihar farko ta Indiya, ta haramta amfani da ba kawai kwalabe na ruwan sha ba a kowane taron gwamnati ko ayyuka har ma da kwantena na abinci da aka yi daga kumfa na polystyrene a duk fadin jihar. Himachal Pradesh ita ce jiha ta farko da ta haramta jakar filastik kasa da 30 μm. Jihar Karnataka ta zama jiha ta farko da ta haramta duk nau'ikan jakar filastik, banners na filastik، buntings na filastic, flex, filastik flags, filastic plates, filastics cups, filakstik spoons, cling films da filastik sheets don yadawa a kan cin abinci teburin ciki har da abubuwan da ke sama da aka yi da thermacol da filastic micro beads wanda ke amfani da filastika. Jihar Goa ta haramta jaka har zuwa 40 μm kauri, yayin da birnin [[Mumbai]] ya haramta jaka a ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin kauri zuwa 50 μm. Gwamnatin jihar [[Maharashtra]] ta haramta filastik daga ranar 23 ga Yuni 2018. Gwamnatin jihar [[Tamil Nadu]] ta kuma haramta filastik daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 2019. ==== Indonesia ==== Daga 2016, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta tilasta wa 'yan kasuwa a cikin birane 23 a fadin tsibirin (mini-markets, hypermarkets, da supermarkets) su cajin masu amfani tsakanin Rp.200 da Rp.5,000 ga kowane jakar filastik, gami da jakar filalastik mai lalacewa. Ana amfani da kuɗin da harajin ya tara a matsayin kudaden jama'a don kula da sharar gida tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Tsibirin Bali ya haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya, straws, da styrofoam, daga watan Yulin 2019. Sauran manyan birane, ciki har da [[Jakarta]], [[Surabaya]], [[Bandung]], Semarang da Bogor, tun daga lokacin sun haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya. ==== Isra'ila ==== Tun daga watan Janairun 2017, ana buƙatar manyan 'yan kasuwa su cajin masu amfani don jakunkunan filastik tare da hannayensu, a NIS 0.10 don kowane jaka. Za a yi amfani da kudaden shiga na haraji don tallafawa shirye-shiryen kula da sharar gida na jama'a. Matsakaicin amfani da jaka na filastik a Isra'ila a cikin 2014 ya kasance 275 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Watanni huɗu bayan dokar ta fara aiki, yawan jakunkunan filastik da aka rarraba ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa masu bin doka sun ragu da kashi 80%. ==== Philippines ==== Philippines ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya a duniya a gurɓata teku duk da aikin kula da sharar gida wanda ya fara aiki shekaru 18 da suka gabata. Kokarin sarrafa filastik ya sami cikas saboda cin hanci da rashawa, rashin son siyasa, da yaduwa da kuma samun dama ga samfuran filastik masu amfani guda ɗaya. A shekara ta 2010, Muntinlupa ta zama karamar hukuma ta farko a Babban Birnin Kasa don hana jakar filastik da styrofoam a cikin shaguna. Wannan ya biyo bayan matakan a cikin biranen Las Piñas (2 Janairu 2012), Pasig (1 Janairu 2012). Quezon City (1 Satumba 2012, jaka don kuɗi), Pasay (1 Satumba, 2012, jaka don kuɗin), da Makati (30 Yuni, 2013). Biranen Metro Manila waɗanda suka jinkirta ɗora ka'idoji da haramtacciyar doka sun haɗa da Taguig, Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela, Navotas, San Juan da Parañaque, waɗanda ke da ɗaruruwan filastik da kamfanonin masana'antun roba. A cikin birni ɗaya, dangin magajin gari suna da fili na hekta 60 na "Plastic City Industrial". A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 2019, Sanata Francis Pangilinan ya gabatar da lissafin da ke neman fitar da kayayyakin filastik guda daya ta hanyar hana shigo da kayayyaki, masana'antu da amfani a wuraren abinci, shagunan, kasuwanni, da 'yan kasuwa. ==== Singapore ==== Za a buƙaci manyan kantuna a [[Singafora|Singapore]] su caji aƙalla 5 cents a kowace jaka a cikin harajin jakar mai ɗaukar kaya daga tsakiyar 2023. ==== Taiwan ==== A watan Janairun shekara ta 2003, [[Taiwan]] ta haramta rarraba jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi kyauta. Hanawar ta hana masu mallakar shagunan sashen, manyan kantuna, manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, shagunan kayan masarufi, gidajen cin abinci mai sauri da gidajen cin abincin yau da kullun daga samar da jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga abokan cinikin su. Yawancin shagunan sun maye gurbin filastik tare da akwatunan takarda da aka sake amfani da su. A shekara ta 2006, duk da haka, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar fara ba da izinin jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga masu ba da sabis na abinci. A watan Fabrairun 2018, Taiwan ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen hana jakunkunan filastik a digiri daban-daban, an haramta don amfani da su a cikin shagon ta 2019, wasu shagunan da aka haramta daga bayar da jakunkuna ta 2020, farashin ya karu tun daga 2025, sannan kuma 2030 haramtacciyar bargo na jakunkunan roba guda ɗaya, da kayan aiki guda ɗaya da kwantena. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ctcwm3e5z13u092c3zmghpme1wvh40b 0 48313 552125 501799 2024-12-05T08:29:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 552125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Zahracak.png|thumb|The first inclusive 4 in 1 Shopping Destination. E-commerce.]] [[Fayil:Zahracak.png|thumb|Zahracak]] '''Zahracak''' Itace ta farko keɓantacce na musamman, kuma mai haɗawa hudu a cikin daya Makomar Siyayya. Kasuwancin e-commerce yana jujjuya yadda muke siyayya a kasar Najeriya, Indiya, Dubai da duk faɗin, duniya. {{Infobox website|websitename=[[zahracak.com]] [https://zahracak.com/store/apply] |instagram = [[https://www.instagram.com/zahracak/]]|facebook = [[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100071671594263]]}} == Manazarta == Zahracak: ita ce babbar makoma don siyayya ta kan layi a Najeriya, Indiya Dubai, da duk faɗin duniya, tana ba da wasu mafi kyawun farashi da ƙwarewar rashin wahala gaba ɗaya tare da zaɓuɓɓukan biyan kuɗi ta hanyar Kuɗi akan Bayarwa, Katin Zare, Katin Kiredit, da Ana sarrafa aikin banki ta hanyar amintattun ƙofofin ƙofofin amintattu. Yanzu siyayya don littattafan da kuka fi so, tufa, suturar yau da kullun, takalma, Kayan ƙamus na abinci, na'urorin haɗi na salon rayuwa, samfuran kula da jarirai, Abincin gidan abinci, kayan wasan yara, fosta, wasanni da motsa jiki, wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kyamarori, fina-finai, kiɗa, lafiya da kyau , Talabijin, firiji, na'urorin sanyaya iska, injin wanki, 'yan wasan MP3 da samfura daga rundunar sauran nau'ikan da ake da su. Wasu daga cikin manyan siyar da samfuran lantarki akan gidan yanar gizon sune Iphone, Samsung, Nokia, Sony, HTC, Canon, Nikon, LG, Dell, Philips, Bajaj, HP, Toshiba, Richards, Braun da Morphy. Bincika ta kayan haɗin gwiwar rayuwar mu masu ban mamaki, samfuran tufafi da takalma waɗanda aka nuna akan rukunin yanar gizon mu tare da kwatancen ƙwararrun don taimaka muku isa ga yanke shawarar siyan da ta dace. Hakanan Zahracak yana ba da isar da gida kyauta ga yawancin mashahuran mu. == Kamfani == Zahracak is Private Limited kamfani ne na kasuwancin e-commerce na Indiya da Nijeriya, wanda ke da hedikwata kuma yana da alaƙa a Najeriya, Indiya da Uk a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa.[[https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2023/05/menene-zahracak.html]] s4ekqvhv4bqtfhcli9oyi9ny6eq611o 552126 552125 2024-12-05T08:29:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 552126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Zahracak.png|thumb|The first inclusive 4 in 1 Shopping Destination. E-commerce.]] [[Fayil:Zahracak.png|thumb|Zahracak]] '''Zahracak''' Itace ta farko keɓantacce na musamman, kuma mai haɗawa hudu a cikin daya Makomar Siyayya. Kasuwancin e-commerce yana jujjuya yadda muke siyayya a kasar [[Najeriya]], Indiya, Dubai da duk faɗin, duniya. {{Infobox website|websitename=[[zahracak.com]] [https://zahracak.com/store/apply] |instagram = [[https://www.instagram.com/zahracak/]]|facebook = [[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100071671594263]]}} == Manazarta == Zahracak: ita ce babbar makoma don siyayya ta kan layi a Najeriya, Indiya Dubai, da duk faɗin duniya, tana ba da wasu mafi kyawun farashi da ƙwarewar rashin wahala gaba ɗaya tare da zaɓuɓɓukan biyan kuɗi ta hanyar Kuɗi akan Bayarwa, Katin Zare, Katin Kiredit, da Ana sarrafa aikin banki ta hanyar amintattun ƙofofin ƙofofin amintattu. Yanzu siyayya don littattafan da kuka fi so, tufa, suturar yau da kullun, takalma, Kayan ƙamus na abinci, na'urorin haɗi na salon rayuwa, samfuran kula da jarirai, Abincin gidan abinci, kayan wasan yara, fosta, wasanni da motsa jiki, wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kyamarori, fina-finai, kiɗa, lafiya da kyau , Talabijin, firiji, na'urorin sanyaya iska, injin wanki, 'yan wasan MP3 da samfura daga rundunar sauran nau'ikan da ake da su. Wasu daga cikin manyan siyar da samfuran lantarki akan gidan yanar gizon sune Iphone, Samsung, Nokia, Sony, HTC, Canon, Nikon, LG, Dell, Philips, Bajaj, HP, Toshiba, Richards, Braun da Morphy. Bincika ta kayan haɗin gwiwar rayuwar mu masu ban mamaki, samfuran tufafi da takalma waɗanda aka nuna akan rukunin yanar gizon mu tare da kwatancen ƙwararrun don taimaka muku isa ga yanke shawarar siyan da ta dace. Hakanan Zahracak yana ba da isar da gida kyauta ga yawancin mashahuran mu. == Kamfani == Zahracak is Private Limited kamfani ne na kasuwancin e-commerce na Indiya da Nijeriya, wanda ke da hedikwata kuma yana da alaƙa a Najeriya, Indiya da Uk a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa.[[https://www.futuristicblog.com.ng/2023/05/menene-zahracak.html]] 8zas5t7tqzyducrl12qj18xonwme6i4 0 48479 552117 273363 2024-12-05T08:27:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 552117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} 'Gidan Tarihin Noma na ƙasar Masar gidan kayan tarihi ne na noma a Alkahira, Masar. == Tarihi da bayanin martaba == An zaɓi Fadar Gimbiya Fatima, 'yar Khedive Ismail, don a gyara ta don gina gidan kayan tarihi, kuma an fara gina gidan kayan gargajiyan a cikin watan Nuwamba 1930.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2019}}A lokacin shirin gidan darektan gidan tarihi na Royal Agricultural Museum na Hungary ya jagoranci aikin. <ref name="cdavies">Clare Davies. "Archive Map: Egypt" (PDF). Speak Memory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{Cite web}}</ref> Wani ɗan ƙasar Hungary, Ivan Nagy, shi ne darekta na farko na gidan kayan gargajiyar wanda aka buɗe a cikin shekarar 1938. <ref name="cdavies" /> Ita ce gidan kayan gargajiya na farko na aikin gona a duniya (bayan gidan kayan tarihi na Hungary).<ref>"Where does the British Museum's keeper of Ancient Egypt get his kicks when in Cairo?" . TheGuardian.com . 21 October 2015.</ref> Gidan kayan gargajiyar yana kunshe da gidajen tarihi daban-daban: gidan kayan gargajiya na noma na tsohuwar Masar; gidan kayan gargajiya na kimiyya model; gidan kayan gargajiya na albarkatun shuka; Gidan kayan gargajiya na Syria; gidan kayan gargajiya na Girka, Roman, Coptic, da na Musulunci; da gidan kayan gargajiya na auduga. Baya ga gine-ginen gidan kayan gargajiyar akwai kuma lambuna masu bishiyu da tsire-tsire da ba kasafai ba.<ref>"1,451 artifacts registered at Agricultural Museum" . 25 June 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://archive.today/20130217110049/http://www.agrimuseum.gov.eg/main2.html Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] 134eq08z6e2pxrjztkx3glfdrg14zft 552120 552117 2024-12-05T08:27:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 552120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} 'Gidan Tarihin Noma na ƙasar Masar gidan kayan tarihi ne na noma a Alkahira, Masar. == Tarihi da bayanin martaba == An zaɓi Fadar Gimbiya Fatima, 'yar Khedive Ismail, don a gyara ta don gina gidan kayan tarihi, kuma an fara gina gidan kayan gargajiyan a cikin watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1930.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2019}}A lokacin shirin gidan darektan gidan tarihi na Royal Agricultural Museum na Hungary ya jagoranci aikin. <ref name="cdavies">Clare Davies. "Archive Map: Egypt" (PDF). Speak Memory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{Cite web}}</ref> Wani ɗan ƙasar Hungary, Ivan Nagy, shi ne darekta na farko na gidan kayan gargajiyar wanda aka buɗe a cikin shekarar 1938. <ref name="cdavies" /> Ita ce gidan kayan gargajiya na farko na aikin gona a duniya (bayan gidan kayan tarihi na Hungary).<ref>"Where does the British Museum's keeper of Ancient Egypt get his kicks when in Cairo?" . TheGuardian.com . 21 October 2015.</ref> Gidan kayan gargajiyar yana kunshe da gidajen tarihi daban-daban: gidan kayan gargajiya na noma na tsohuwar Masar; gidan kayan gargajiya na kimiyya model; gidan kayan gargajiya na albarkatun shuka; Gidan kayan gargajiya na Syria; gidan kayan gargajiya na Girka, Roman, Coptic, da na Musulunci; da gidan kayan gargajiya na auduga. Baya ga gine-ginen gidan kayan gargajiyar akwai kuma lambuna masu bishiyu da tsire-tsire da ba kasafai ba.<ref>"1,451 artifacts registered at Agricultural Museum" . 25 June 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://archive.today/20130217110049/http://www.agrimuseum.gov.eg/main2.html Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] 6hwtzd8ygzglm0d1skwnlpp66epfrhv 0 48493 552114 412934 2024-12-05T08:26:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 552114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An buɗe '''gidan kayan tarihi na Metropolitan na Nelson Mandela''' a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1956 a matsayin Gidan Gallery na Sarki George VI.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum <nowiki>https://www.artmuseum.co.za</nowiki></ref> Yana cikin St George's Park a [[Port Elizabeth]], Afirka ta Kudu. An sake masa suna a cikin watan Disamba 2002 don girmama [[Nelson Mandela]] kuma daidai da sunan gundumar Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, wacce Port Elizabeth ke ciki.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism <nowiki>https://www.nmbt.co.za</nowiki> › listing › nelson_mandela_m...</ref> == Wuri da tarin yawa == Gidan kayan tarihi na fasaha ya ƙunshi gine-gine guda biyu da ke bayyana ƙofar St George's Park wanda ke da tarin tarin fasahar Afirka ta Kudu, tare da mai da hankali kan fasaha da na Gabashin Cape, da kuma fasahar Burtaniya. Har ila yau kuma akwai wallafe-wallafen duniya da fasaha na Gabas, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙananan kayan Indiya da kayan masakun Sinanci.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum | Museu.MS Museums of the world <nowiki>http://museu.ms</nowiki> › museum › details › nelson-mandela-...</ref> A lokaci guda kuma nunin Tarin Dindindin akan jujjuyawar idan aka ba da taƙaitaccen sarari na gallery gidan kayan gargajiyan yana kula da shirin baje kolin ayyukan wucin gadi na balaguro tsakanin manyan gidajen tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |title=Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum |access-date=2023-05-10 |archive-date=2023-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530164046/https://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.artmuseum.co.za/ Gidan kayan tarihi na Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530164046/https://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |date=2023-05-30 }} * [http://www.mojaheritage.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=126&d8a6d4580940c37e5c4759b4f0f09d03=28106d Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006093729/http://www.mojaheritage.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=126&d8a6d4580940c37e5c4759b4f0f09d03=28106d |date=2011-10-06 }} 3bqv24fp5lkvfj789zll2rba89i2f0w 552115 552114 2024-12-05T08:26:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 552115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An buɗe '''gidan kayan tarihi na Metropolitan na Nelson Mandela''' a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1956 a matsayin Gidan Gallery na Sarki George VI.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum <nowiki>https://www.artmuseum.co.za</nowiki></ref> Yana cikin St George's Park a [[Port Elizabeth]], Afirka ta Kudu. An sake masa suna a cikin watan Disamba shekarar alif 2002 don girmama [[Nelson Mandela]] kuma daidai da sunan gundumar Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, wacce Port Elizabeth ke ciki.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism <nowiki>https://www.nmbt.co.za</nowiki> › listing › nelson_mandela_m...</ref> == Wuri da tarin yawa == Gidan kayan tarihi na fasaha ya ƙunshi gine-gine guda biyu da ke bayyana ƙofar St George's Park wanda ke da tarin tarin fasahar Afirka ta Kudu, tare da mai da hankali kan fasaha da na Gabashin Cape, da kuma fasahar Burtaniya. Har ila yau kuma akwai wallafe-wallafen duniya da fasaha na Gabas, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙananan kayan Indiya da kayan masakun Sinanci.<ref>Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum | Museu.MS Museums of the world <nowiki>http://museu.ms</nowiki> › museum › details › nelson-mandela-...</ref> A lokaci guda kuma nunin Tarin Dindindin akan jujjuyawar idan aka ba da taƙaitaccen sarari na gallery gidan kayan gargajiyan yana kula da shirin baje kolin ayyukan wucin gadi na balaguro tsakanin manyan gidajen tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |title=Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum |access-date=2023-05-10 |archive-date=2023-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530164046/https://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.artmuseum.co.za/ Gidan kayan tarihi na Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530164046/https://www.artmuseum.co.za/ |date=2023-05-30 }} * [http://www.mojaheritage.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=126&d8a6d4580940c37e5c4759b4f0f09d03=28106d Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006093729/http://www.mojaheritage.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=126&d8a6d4580940c37e5c4759b4f0f09d03=28106d |date=2011-10-06 }} lpb0b0k497nhsjk1pjolak2z63992j3 0 48495 552112 255384 2024-12-05T08:25:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 552112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Nalut Dinosaur''' ya kasance gidan kayan gargajiya ne na ilimin burbushin halittu da ke Nalut, [[Libya]].<ref name="temehu">"Nalut Dinosaur Museum". Temehu Tourism Services.{{Cite web}}</ref> Burbushin, wanda ya kasance tun daga zamanin Cretaceous, <ref name="temehu" /> <ref>Smith, Joshua B.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Askar, Achmed S.; Bergig, Khalid A.; Tshakreen, Sefau O.; Abugares, Miloud M.; Rasmussen, D. Tab (2010). "A LARGE ABELISAUROID THEROPOD DINOSAUR FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS OF LIBYA" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology . The Paleontological Society. 84 (5): 927–934. doi :10.1666/09-152.1 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-06. "Thus, although Cretaceous terrestrial sediments are common in Libya, dinosaurs from the nation remain virtually unknown."{{Cite journal|url-status=927–934}}</ref> an gano su ta hanyar balaguron haɗin gwiwa na masana ilimin ƙasa na Libya da masana burbushin halittu na Amurka. <ref name="temehu" /><ref>Fitzpatrick, Tony (December 7, 2005). "WUSTL researchers make discoveries in first collaboration with Libyan scientists: Goldmine of fossils found" . Washington University in St. Louis.</ref> An ajiye tarin a cikin wani reshe na ginin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Crescent]] a Nalut.<ref name="temehu" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi a Libya == Manazarta == q2afbujg12w5n3nm8qo9xk11wdmk9iq 552113 552112 2024-12-05T08:25:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 552113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Nalut Dinosaur''' ya kasance gidan kayan gargajiya ne na ilimin burbushin halittu da ke Nalut, ta kasar [[Libya]].<ref name="temehu">"Nalut Dinosaur Museum". Temehu Tourism Services.{{Cite web}}</ref> Burbushin, wanda ya kasance tun daga zamanin Cretaceous, <ref name="temehu" /> <ref>Smith, Joshua B.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Askar, Achmed S.; Bergig, Khalid A.; Tshakreen, Sefau O.; Abugares, Miloud M.; Rasmussen, D. Tab (2010). "A LARGE ABELISAUROID THEROPOD DINOSAUR FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS OF LIBYA" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology . The Paleontological Society. 84 (5): 927–934. doi :10.1666/09-152.1 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-06. "Thus, although Cretaceous terrestrial sediments are common in Libya, dinosaurs from the nation remain virtually unknown."{{Cite journal|url-status=927–934}}</ref> an gano su ta hanyar balaguron haɗin gwiwa na masana ilimin ƙasa na Libya da masana burbushin halittu na Amurka. <ref name="temehu" /><ref>Fitzpatrick, Tony (December 7, 2005). "WUSTL researchers make discoveries in first collaboration with Libyan scientists: Goldmine of fossils found" . Washington University in St. Louis.</ref> An ajiye tarin a cikin wani reshe na ginin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Crescent]] a Nalut.<ref name="temehu" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi a Libya == Manazarta == qzn0tv0ggwy3ccbquiox63597hf5y3r 0 48520 552110 255010 2024-12-05T08:24:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 552110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan kayan tarihi''' na Noma gidan tarihi ne a yankin [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Masar]]. == Tarihi == An zaɓi Fadar Gimbiya Fatima, 'yar Khedive Ismail, don a gyara ta da gina gidan kayan tarihi, kuma an fara gina gidan kayan gargajiyan a cikin watan Nuwamba 1930.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2019}}A lokacin shirin gidan darektan gidan tarihi na Royal Agricultural Museum na Hungary ya jagoranci aikin. <ref name="cdavies">Clare Davies. "Archive Map: Egypt" (PDF). Speak Memory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{Cite web}}</ref> Wani ɗan ƙasar Hungary, Ivan Nagy, shi ne darekta na farko na gidan kayan gargajiyar wanda aka buɗe a cikin shekarar 1938. <ref name="cdavies" /> Ita ce gidan kayan gargajiya ta farko na aikin gona a duniya (bayan gidan kayan tarihi na Hungary).<ref>"Where does the British Museum's keeper of Ancient Egypt get his kicks when in Cairo?" . TheGuardian.com . 21 October 2015.</ref> Gidan kayan gargajiyar yana kunshe da gidajen tarihi daban-daban: gidan kayan gargajiya na noma na tsohuwar Masar; gidan kayan gargajiya na kimiyya model; gidan kayan gargajiya na albarkatun shuka; Gidan kayan gargajiya na Syria; gidan kayan gargajiya na Girka, Roman, Coptic, da na Musulunci; da gidan kayan gargajiya na auduga. Baya ga gine-ginen gidan kayan gargajiyar akwai kuma lambuna masu bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire da ba kasafai ba.<ref>"1,451 artifacts registered at Agricultural Museum" . 25 June 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://archive.today/20130217110049/http://www.agrimuseum.gov.eg/main2.html Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] qe5jbqpkt85xz66ygm18pzzjk17fr3h 552111 552110 2024-12-05T08:24:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 552111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan kayan tarihi''' na Noma gidan tarihi ne a yankin [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Masar]]. == Tarihi == An zaɓi Fadar Gimbiya Fatima, 'yar Khedive Ismail, don a gyara ta da gina gidan kayan tarihi, sannan kuma an fara gina gidan kayan gargajiyan a cikin watan Nuwamba 1930.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2019}}A lokacin shirin gidan darektan gidan tarihi na Royal Agricultural Museum na Hungary ya jagoranci aikin. <ref name="cdavies">Clare Davies. "Archive Map: Egypt" (PDF). Speak Memory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{Cite web}}</ref> Wani ɗan ƙasar Hungary, Ivan Nagy, shi ne darekta na farko na gidan kayan gargajiyar wanda aka buɗe a cikin shekarar 1938. <ref name="cdavies" /> Ita ce gidan kayan gargajiya ta farko na aikin gona a duniya (bayan gidan kayan tarihi na Hungary).<ref>"Where does the British Museum's keeper of Ancient Egypt get his kicks when in Cairo?" . TheGuardian.com . 21 October 2015.</ref> Gidan kayan gargajiyar yana kunshe da gidajen tarihi daban-daban: gidan kayan gargajiya na noma na tsohuwar Masar; gidan kayan gargajiya na kimiyya model; gidan kayan gargajiya na albarkatun shuka; Gidan kayan gargajiya na Syria; gidan kayan gargajiya na Girka, Roman, Coptic, da na Musulunci; da gidan kayan gargajiya na auduga. Baya ga gine-ginen gidan kayan gargajiyar akwai kuma lambuna masu bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire da ba kasafai ba.<ref>"1,451 artifacts registered at Agricultural Museum" . 25 June 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://archive.today/20130217110049/http://www.agrimuseum.gov.eg/main2.html Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] ef565wayinhhut7r1umuwqr15vqtmgb 0 48759 552108 364516 2024-12-05T08:22:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 552108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harvard''' Jami'a ce wadda take mai zaman kanta dake Cambridge, Massachusetts a Amurka. An kirkireta a 1634 inda ake kiranta da '''kolegin Harvard'''<ref> Examples include: Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. [...] Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes. Spaulding, Christina (1989). "Sexual Shakedown". In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. ... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige [...] Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ... David Altaner (March 9, 2011). "Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012. Collier's Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). "Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place". Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). "Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). "At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.</ref> ==Manazarta== hsdmi2cgp3v2xecix66jjiaeio2dtqn 552109 552108 2024-12-05T08:23:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 552109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harvard''' Jami'a ce wadda take mai zaman kanta dake Cambridge, Massachusetts a Ƙasar Amurka. An kirkireta a 1634 inda ake kiranta da '''kolegin Harvard'''<ref> Examples include: Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. [...] Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes. Spaulding, Christina (1989). "Sexual Shakedown". In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. ... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige [...] Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ... David Altaner (March 9, 2011). "Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012. Collier's Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). "Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place". Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). "Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). "At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.</ref> ==Manazarta== pv3dgnlrrxejrmanerkd0a174ya3toh 0 48761 552107 256715 2024-12-05T08:21:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 552107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jami'ar Hebrew Kudus''' Babban jami'a ce ta bincike dake a birnin kudus/[[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]. Albert Einstein da Dr. Chaim Weizmann suka kafata/kirkireta a watan Yulin shekara ta 1918<ref>"Les Prix Nobel". The Nobel Prize, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921, Albert Einstein Facts.</ref> ==Manazarta== 280bqnlm1m1cxeoqvbwgbsi05mzc4lw 0 48762 552106 439182 2024-12-05T08:20:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 552106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Yahaya Katsina''' ya kasance Daya daga cikin manyan almajiran [[Ibrahim Zakzaky|Sheikh ibrahim zakzaky]] a birnin [[katsina]]. Yana daga cikin almajiransa na farko tun bayan fara da'awar Sheikh zakzaky a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria]]. Yakubu Yahya, ya kasance almajiri mai tarin ilimi kuma ana masa lakabi da likitan zukata. Mutanen yankin da yake jagoranta suna matukar son sa kuma an sanshi da kyakykywan alaka da mutane hatta wadanda ba yan shi'a ba. Shine mutum na farko cikin mabiyan zakzaky da Gwamnatin Nigeria ta afkawa mabiyansa da yake jagoranta zuwa ga zakzaky, hakan ya shahara ta yadda kowa yasan da wannan zaluncin na Gwamnati da yan shi'a kewa lakabi da waki'ar '''19th APRIL''' {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} bnpndirfeblbzjq8mkwe64wgvhh68ab 0 48888 552103 462903 2024-12-05T08:18:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 552103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannun sanitizer''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''maganin antiseptik''', '''maganin kashe kwayar cutar hannu''', wanda ake '''shafa hannu''') ruwa ne, gel ko kumfa gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a [[hannu]].<ref>"Tentative Final Monograph for Health-Care Antiseptic Drug Products; Proposed Rule" (PDF). United States Federal Food and Drug Administration. March 2009. pp. 12613–12617. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2010.</ref><ref name="Boyce2002">Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations (Report). WHO. April 2010. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2023-01-25.</ref> A mafi yawan saituna, [[Tsaftar hannu|wanke hannu]] da [[SABULU|sabulu]] da ruwa an fi son gabaɗaya.<ref name="CDC2020">"hand sanitizer - definition of hand sanitizer in English". ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017</ref><ref>Boyce JM, Pittet D, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force (October 2002). "Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America" (PDF). ''MMWR. Recommendations and Reports''. '''51''' (RR-16): 1–45, quiz CE1–4. <nowiki>PMID 12418624</nowiki></ref> <ref>"Show Me the Science – When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer in Community Settings". ''cdc.gov''. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. <q>CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water whenever possible because hand washing reduces the amounts of all types of germs and chemicals on hands. But if soap and water are not available, using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can help... sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs... Hand sanitizers may not be as effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy... Hand sanitizers might not remove harmful chemicals</q></ref> Sanitizer na hannu ba shi da tasiri wajen kashe wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar [[norovirus]] da ''[[Clostridium difficile (kwayoyin cuta)|Clostridium difficile]],'' kuma ba kamar wanke hannu ba, ba zai iya cire sinadarai masu cutarwa a jiki ba. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Mutane na iya yin kuskuren goge tsabtace hannu kafin ya bushe,<ref name="CDC2020" /> kuma wasu ba su da tasiri saboda yawan barasa ya yi ƙasa sosai. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Sanitizer na tushen [[Alcohol (Chemistry)|barasa]] wanda shine ''aƙalla'' 60% ( [[V/v|v / v]] ) barasa a cikin ruwa (musamman, [[ethanol]] ko [[isopropyl barasa|isopropyl barasa / isopropanol]] (shafa barasa)) [[Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka|Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka]] ta Amurka (CDC) ta ba da shawarar, amma kawai idan babu sabulu da ruwa.<ref name="CDC2017Pub">de Witt Huberts, J; Greenland, K; Schmidt, WP; Curtis, V (1 July 2016). "Exploring the potential of antimicrobial hand hygiene products in reducing the infectious burden in low-income countries: An integrative review". ''American Journal of Infection Control''. '''44''' (7): 764–71. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.045. <nowiki>PMID 27061254</nowiki></ref> CDC tana ba da shawarar matakai masu zuwa yayin amfani da tsabtace hannu na tushen barasa # Aiwatar da samfur zuwa tafin hannu ɗaya. # Shafa hannaye tare. # Shafa samfurin a duk saman hannaye da yatsu har sai hannaye sun bushe.<ref name="CDC2017Pub2">Meadows, E; Le Saux, N (1 November 2004). "A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children". ''BMC Public Health''. '''4''': 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-50. PMC 534108. <nowiki>PMID 15518593</nowiki></ref> # Kada ku kusanci harshen wuta ko mai ƙona iskar gas ko kowane abu mai ƙonewa yayin aikin tsabtace hannu. Siffofin tushen barasa yawanci sun ƙunshi wasu haɗuwa da barasa isopropyl, ethanol (ethyl barasa), ko n -propanol, tare da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da 60% zuwa 95% barasa mafi inganci. Yakamata a kula tunda suna iya ƙonewa. Sanitizer na tushen barasa yana aiki da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri amma ba spores ba. Za a iya ƙara abubuwa kamar glycerol don hana bushewar fata. Wasu nau'ikan sun ƙunshi ƙamshi; duk da haka, waɗannan an hana su saboda haɗarin halayen rashin lafiyan. Sifofin da ba na barasa ba yawanci sun ƙunshi benzalkonium chloride ko triclosan ; amma ba su da tasiri fiye da na barasa. An yi amfani da barasa azaman [[Antiseptik|maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta]] aƙalla a farkon 1363, tare da shaida don tallafawa amfani da shi ya kasance a ƙarshen 1800s.<ref>"Clean Hands Save Lives!". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2013. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017</ref> Ana yawan amfani da tsabtace hannu na barasa a Turai tun aƙalla shekarun 1980.<ref>Bolon, MK (September 2016). "Hand Hygiene: An Update". ''Infectious Disease Clinics of North America''. '''30''' (3): 591–607. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.007. <nowiki>PMID 27515139</nowiki>. <q>In 2002, the CDC released an updated hand hygiene guideline and, for the first time, endorsed the use of alcohol-based hand rubs for the majority of clinical interactions, provided that hands are not visibly soiled</q></ref> Sigar tushen barasa tana cikin [[Jerin Samfuran WHO na Mahimman Magunguna|Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] . <ref name="WHO21st">Hirose, R; Nakaya, T; Naito, Y; Daidoji, T; Bandou, R; Inoue, K; Dohi, O; Yoshida, N; Konishi, H; Itoh, Y (18 September 2019). "Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients". ''mSphere''. '''4''' (5). doi:10.1128/mSphere.00474-19. PMC 6751490. <nowiki>PMID 31533996</nowiki>. <q>For many reasons, alcohol hand sanitizers are increasingly being used as disinfectants over hand washing with soap and water. Their ease of availability, no need for water or plumbing, and their proven effectiveness in reducing microbial load are just a few.</q></ref> <ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|last3=World Health Organization}}</ref> == Tarihi. == == Amfani. == === Jama'a game gari === Maganin tsabtace hannu wanda yakeda barasa maiyuwa ba zai yi tasiri ba idan hannaye suna da mai ko kuma a bayyane. A asibitoci, hannayen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya galibi suna gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, amma da wuya su ƙazanta ko mai mai. A cikin wuraren jama'a, a gefe guda, maiko da zubar da ruwa ya zama ruwan dare daga ayyuka kamar sarrafa abinci, wasan motsa jiki, aikin lambu, da yin aiki a waje. Hakazalika, gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar ƙarfe masu nauyi da magungunan kashe qwari (wanda aka fi samun su a waje{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2020}}Ba za a iya cirewa ta hanyar tsabtace Hakanan yara za su iya haɗiye na'urorin tsabtace hannu, musamman idan suna da launi. <ref name="CDC20202">"Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations" (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Wasu na'urorin tsabtace hannu na kasuwanci (da kuma girke-girke na kan layi don shafan gida) suna da yawan barasa wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref name="low">Long, Bruce W.; Rollins, Jeannean Hall; Smith, Barbara J. (2015). ''Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures'' (13 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 16. ISBN <bdi>9780323319652</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.</ref> Wannan yana sa su ƙasa da tasiri wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref name="CDC20203">Baki, Gabriella; Alexander, Kenneth S. (2015). ''Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology''. John Wiley & Sons. p. 173. ISBN <bdi>9781118763780</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> Talakawa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba <ref name="low" /> da kuma mutane a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya samun wahalar samun abin tsabtace hannu tare da ingantaccen ƙwayar barasa. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Okafor|first1=Winifred|title=COVID-19: Not all hand sanitizers can kill virus — Pharmacist|url=https://insidemainland.com/2020/03/31/covid-19-not-all-hand-sanitizers-can-kill-virus-pharmacist/|work=InsideMainland|date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Lakabi na zamba na yawan barasa ya kasance matsala a Guyana. <ref>{{cite news|title=Purcill Hand Sanitizer being recalled for low alcohol content|url=https://newssourcegy.com/news/purcill-hand-sanitizer-being-recalled-for-low-alcohol-content/|work=News Source Guyana|date=9 April 2020}}</ref> === Makarantu. === Shaida na yanzu don tasirin tsaftar hannun makaranta ba shi da inganci. <ref>Miller, Chris H.; Palenik, Charles John (2016). ''Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team'' (5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 269. ISBN <bdi>9780323476577</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> A cikin bita na 2020, Cochrane kwatanta wanke hannu mara wanke hannu zuwa sabulu na al'ada da dabarun ruwa da kuma tasirin da ya biyo baya kan rashin zuwa makaranta ya sami ɗan ƙaramin tasiri amma fa'ida akan wanke hannu mara amfani akan rashin rashin lafiya. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizer#:~:text=World%20Health%20Organization%20(2019).%20World%20Health%20Organization%20model%20list%20of%20essential%20medicines%3A%2021st%20list%202019.%20Geneva%3A%20World%20Health%20Organization.%20hdl%3A10665/325771.%20WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.%20License%3A%20CC%20BY%2DNC%2DSA%203.0%20IGO</ref> === Wuraren Kula da lafiya. === [[File:Handsprit.jpg||200px|right|thumb]] == Manazarta. == 1k5bogjjrj06tic3dih3xzwmw9r5ufq 552104 552103 2024-12-05T08:19:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 552104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannun sanitizer''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''maganin antiseptik''', '''maganin kashe kwayar cutar hannu''', wanda ake '''shafa hannu''') ruwa ne, gel ko kumfa gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a [[hannu]].<ref>"Tentative Final Monograph for Health-Care Antiseptic Drug Products; Proposed Rule" (PDF). United States Federal Food and Drug Administration. March 2009. pp. 12613–12617. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2010.</ref><ref name="Boyce2002">Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations (Report). WHO. April 2010. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2023-01-25.</ref> A mafi yawan saituna, wanke hannu da [[SABULU|sabulu]] da ruwa an fi son gabaɗaya.<ref name="CDC2020">"hand sanitizer - definition of hand sanitizer in English". ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017</ref><ref>Boyce JM, Pittet D, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force (October 2002). "Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America" (PDF). ''MMWR. Recommendations and Reports''. '''51''' (RR-16): 1–45, quiz CE1–4. <nowiki>PMID 12418624</nowiki></ref> <ref>"Show Me the Science – When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer in Community Settings". ''cdc.gov''. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. <q>CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water whenever possible because hand washing reduces the amounts of all types of germs and chemicals on hands. But if soap and water are not available, using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can help... sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs... Hand sanitizers may not be as effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy... Hand sanitizers might not remove harmful chemicals</q></ref> Sanitizer na hannu ba shi da tasiri wajen kashe wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar norovirus da ''Clostridium difficile,'' kuma ba kamar wanke hannu ba, ba zai iya cire sinadarai masu cutarwa a jiki ba. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Mutane na iya yin kuskuren goge tsabtace hannu kafin ya bushe,<ref name="CDC2020" /> kuma wasu ba su da tasiri saboda yawan barasa ya yi ƙasa sosai. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Sanitizer na tushen [[Alcohol (Chemistry)|barasa]] wanda shine ''aƙalla'' 60% ( [[V/v|v / v]] ) barasa a cikin ruwa (musamman, [[ethanol]] ko [[isopropyl barasa|isopropyl barasa / isopropanol]] (shafa barasa)) [[Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka|Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka]] ta Amurka (CDC) ta ba da shawarar, amma kawai idan babu sabulu da ruwa.<ref name="CDC2017Pub">de Witt Huberts, J; Greenland, K; Schmidt, WP; Curtis, V (1 July 2016). "Exploring the potential of antimicrobial hand hygiene products in reducing the infectious burden in low-income countries: An integrative review". ''American Journal of Infection Control''. '''44''' (7): 764–71. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.045. <nowiki>PMID 27061254</nowiki></ref> CDC tana ba da shawarar matakai masu zuwa yayin amfani da tsabtace hannu na tushen barasa # Aiwatar da samfur zuwa tafin hannu ɗaya. # Shafa hannaye tare. # Shafa samfurin a duk saman hannaye da yatsu har sai hannaye sun bushe.<ref name="CDC2017Pub2">Meadows, E; Le Saux, N (1 November 2004). "A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children". ''BMC Public Health''. '''4''': 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-50. PMC 534108. <nowiki>PMID 15518593</nowiki></ref> # Kada ku kusanci harshen wuta ko mai ƙona iskar gas ko kowane abu mai ƙonewa yayin aikin tsabtace hannu. Siffofin tushen barasa yawanci sun ƙunshi wasu haɗuwa da barasa isopropyl, ethanol (ethyl barasa), ko n -propanol, tare da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da 60% zuwa 95% barasa mafi inganci. Yakamata a kula tunda suna iya ƙonewa. Sanitizer na tushen barasa yana aiki da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri amma ba spores ba. Za a iya ƙara abubuwa kamar glycerol don hana bushewar fata. Wasu nau'ikan sun ƙunshi ƙamshi; duk da haka, waɗannan an hana su saboda haɗarin halayen rashin lafiyan. Sifofin da ba na barasa ba yawanci sun ƙunshi benzalkonium chloride ko triclosan ; amma ba su da tasiri fiye da na barasa. An yi amfani da barasa azaman [[Antiseptik|maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta]] aƙalla a farkon 1363, tare da shaida don tallafawa amfani da shi ya kasance a ƙarshen 1800s.<ref>"Clean Hands Save Lives!". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2013. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017</ref> Ana yawan amfani da tsabtace hannu na barasa a Turai tun aƙalla shekarun 1980.<ref>Bolon, MK (September 2016). "Hand Hygiene: An Update". ''Infectious Disease Clinics of North America''. '''30''' (3): 591–607. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.007. <nowiki>PMID 27515139</nowiki>. <q>In 2002, the CDC released an updated hand hygiene guideline and, for the first time, endorsed the use of alcohol-based hand rubs for the majority of clinical interactions, provided that hands are not visibly soiled</q></ref> Sigar tushen barasa tana cikin [[Jerin Samfuran WHO na Mahimman Magunguna|Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] . <ref name="WHO21st">Hirose, R; Nakaya, T; Naito, Y; Daidoji, T; Bandou, R; Inoue, K; Dohi, O; Yoshida, N; Konishi, H; Itoh, Y (18 September 2019). "Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients". ''mSphere''. '''4''' (5). doi:10.1128/mSphere.00474-19. PMC 6751490. <nowiki>PMID 31533996</nowiki>. <q>For many reasons, alcohol hand sanitizers are increasingly being used as disinfectants over hand washing with soap and water. Their ease of availability, no need for water or plumbing, and their proven effectiveness in reducing microbial load are just a few.</q></ref> <ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|last3=World Health Organization}}</ref> == Tarihi. == == Amfani. == === Jama'a game gari === Maganin tsabtace hannu wanda yakeda barasa maiyuwa ba zai yi tasiri ba idan hannaye suna da mai ko kuma a bayyane. A asibitoci, hannayen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya galibi suna gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, amma da wuya su ƙazanta ko mai mai. A cikin wuraren jama'a, a gefe guda, maiko da zubar da ruwa ya zama ruwan dare daga ayyuka kamar sarrafa abinci, wasan motsa jiki, aikin lambu, da yin aiki a waje. Hakazalika, gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar ƙarfe masu nauyi da magungunan kashe qwari (wanda aka fi samun su a waje{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2020}}Ba za a iya cirewa ta hanyar tsabtace Hakanan yara za su iya haɗiye na'urorin tsabtace hannu, musamman idan suna da launi. <ref name="CDC20202">"Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations" (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Wasu na'urorin tsabtace hannu na kasuwanci (da kuma girke-girke na kan layi don shafan gida) suna da yawan barasa wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref name="low">Long, Bruce W.; Rollins, Jeannean Hall; Smith, Barbara J. (2015). ''Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures'' (13 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 16. ISBN <bdi>9780323319652</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.</ref> Wannan yana sa su ƙasa da tasiri wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref name="CDC20203">Baki, Gabriella; Alexander, Kenneth S. (2015). ''Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology''. John Wiley & Sons. p. 173. ISBN <bdi>9781118763780</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> Talakawa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba <ref name="low" /> da kuma mutane a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya samun wahalar samun abin tsabtace hannu tare da ingantaccen ƙwayar barasa. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Okafor|first1=Winifred|title=COVID-19: Not all hand sanitizers can kill virus — Pharmacist|url=https://insidemainland.com/2020/03/31/covid-19-not-all-hand-sanitizers-can-kill-virus-pharmacist/|work=InsideMainland|date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Lakabi na zamba na yawan barasa ya kasance matsala a Guyana. <ref>{{cite news|title=Purcill Hand Sanitizer being recalled for low alcohol content|url=https://newssourcegy.com/news/purcill-hand-sanitizer-being-recalled-for-low-alcohol-content/|work=News Source Guyana|date=9 April 2020}}</ref> === Makarantu. === Shaida na yanzu don tasirin tsaftar hannun makaranta ba shi da inganci. <ref>Miller, Chris H.; Palenik, Charles John (2016). ''Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team'' (5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 269. ISBN <bdi>9780323476577</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> A cikin bita na 2020, Cochrane kwatanta wanke hannu mara wanke hannu zuwa sabulu na al'ada da dabarun ruwa da kuma tasirin da ya biyo baya kan rashin zuwa makaranta ya sami ɗan ƙaramin tasiri amma fa'ida akan wanke hannu mara amfani akan rashin rashin lafiya. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizer#:~:text=World%20Health%20Organization%20(2019).%20World%20Health%20Organization%20model%20list%20of%20essential%20medicines%3A%2021st%20list%202019.%20Geneva%3A%20World%20Health%20Organization.%20hdl%3A10665/325771.%20WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.%20License%3A%20CC%20BY%2DNC%2DSA%203.0%20IGO</ref> === Wuraren Kula da lafiya. === [[File:Handsprit.jpg||200px|right|thumb]] == Manazarta. == b34nmbrnpj6b4g6b8h27lf8kxkl5fmi 552105 552104 2024-12-05T08:19:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 552105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannun sanitizer''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''maganin antiseptik''', '''maganin kashe kwayar cutar hannu''', wanda ake '''shafa hannu''') ruwa ne, gel ko kumfa gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a [[hannu]].<ref>"Tentative Final Monograph for Health-Care Antiseptic Drug Products; Proposed Rule" (PDF). United States Federal Food and Drug Administration. March 2009. pp. 12613–12617. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2010.</ref><ref name="Boyce2002">Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations (Report). WHO. April 2010. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2023-01-25.</ref> A mafi yawan saituna, wanke hannu da [[SABULU|sabulu]] da ruwa an fi son gabaɗaya.<ref name="CDC2020">"hand sanitizer - definition of hand sanitizer in English". ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017</ref><ref>Boyce JM, Pittet D, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force (October 2002). "Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America" (PDF). ''MMWR. Recommendations and Reports''. '''51''' (RR-16): 1–45, quiz CE1–4. <nowiki>PMID 12418624</nowiki></ref> <ref>"Show Me the Science – When & How to Use Hand Sanitizer in Community Settings". ''cdc.gov''. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. <q>CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water whenever possible because hand washing reduces the amounts of all types of germs and chemicals on hands. But if soap and water are not available, using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can help... sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs... Hand sanitizers may not be as effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy... Hand sanitizers might not remove harmful chemicals</q></ref> Sanitizer na hannu ba shi da tasiri wajen kashe wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar norovirus da ''Clostridium difficile,'' kuma ba kamar wanke hannu ba, ba zai iya cire sinadarai masu cutarwa a jiki ba. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Mutane na iya yin kuskuren goge tsabtace hannu kafin ya bushe,<ref name="CDC2020" /> kuma wasu ba su da tasiri saboda yawan barasa ya yi ƙasa sosai. <ref name="CDC2020" /> Sanitizer na tushen barasa wanda shine ''aƙalla'' 60% ( v / v ) barasa a cikin ruwa (musamman, ethanol ko isopropyl barasa / isopropanol (shafa barasa)) Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta ba da shawarar, amma kawai idan babu sabulu da ruwa.<ref name="CDC2017Pub">de Witt Huberts, J; Greenland, K; Schmidt, WP; Curtis, V (1 July 2016). "Exploring the potential of antimicrobial hand hygiene products in reducing the infectious burden in low-income countries: An integrative review". ''American Journal of Infection Control''. '''44''' (7): 764–71. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.045. <nowiki>PMID 27061254</nowiki></ref> CDC tana ba da shawarar matakai masu zuwa yayin amfani da tsabtace hannu na tushen barasa # Aiwatar da samfur zuwa tafin hannu ɗaya. # Shafa hannaye tare. # Shafa samfurin a duk saman hannaye da yatsu har sai hannaye sun bushe.<ref name="CDC2017Pub2">Meadows, E; Le Saux, N (1 November 2004). "A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children". ''BMC Public Health''. '''4''': 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-50. PMC 534108. <nowiki>PMID 15518593</nowiki></ref> # Kada ku kusanci harshen wuta ko mai ƙona iskar gas ko kowane abu mai ƙonewa yayin aikin tsabtace hannu. Siffofin tushen barasa yawanci sun ƙunshi wasu haɗuwa da barasa isopropyl, ethanol (ethyl barasa), ko n -propanol, tare da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da 60% zuwa 95% barasa mafi inganci. Yakamata a kula tunda suna iya ƙonewa. Sanitizer na tushen barasa yana aiki da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri amma ba spores ba. Za a iya ƙara abubuwa kamar glycerol don hana bushewar fata. Wasu nau'ikan sun ƙunshi ƙamshi; duk da haka, waɗannan an hana su saboda haɗarin halayen rashin lafiyan. Sifofin da ba na barasa ba yawanci sun ƙunshi benzalkonium chloride ko triclosan ; amma ba su da tasiri fiye da na barasa. An yi amfani da barasa azaman [[Antiseptik|maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta]] aƙalla a farkon 1363, tare da shaida don tallafawa amfani da shi ya kasance a ƙarshen 1800s.<ref>"Clean Hands Save Lives!". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2013. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017</ref> Ana yawan amfani da tsabtace hannu na barasa a Turai tun aƙalla shekarun 1980.<ref>Bolon, MK (September 2016). "Hand Hygiene: An Update". ''Infectious Disease Clinics of North America''. '''30''' (3): 591–607. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.007. <nowiki>PMID 27515139</nowiki>. <q>In 2002, the CDC released an updated hand hygiene guideline and, for the first time, endorsed the use of alcohol-based hand rubs for the majority of clinical interactions, provided that hands are not visibly soiled</q></ref> Sigar tushen barasa tana cikin [[Jerin Samfuran WHO na Mahimman Magunguna|Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] . <ref name="WHO21st">Hirose, R; Nakaya, T; Naito, Y; Daidoji, T; Bandou, R; Inoue, K; Dohi, O; Yoshida, N; Konishi, H; Itoh, Y (18 September 2019). "Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients". ''mSphere''. '''4''' (5). doi:10.1128/mSphere.00474-19. PMC 6751490. <nowiki>PMID 31533996</nowiki>. <q>For many reasons, alcohol hand sanitizers are increasingly being used as disinfectants over hand washing with soap and water. Their ease of availability, no need for water or plumbing, and their proven effectiveness in reducing microbial load are just a few.</q></ref> <ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|last3=World Health Organization}}</ref> == Tarihi. == == Amfani. == === Jama'a game gari === Maganin tsabtace hannu wanda yakeda barasa maiyuwa ba zai yi tasiri ba idan hannaye suna da mai ko kuma a bayyane. A asibitoci, hannayen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya galibi suna gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, amma da wuya su ƙazanta ko mai mai. A cikin wuraren jama'a, a gefe guda, maiko da zubar da ruwa ya zama ruwan dare daga ayyuka kamar sarrafa abinci, wasan motsa jiki, aikin lambu, da yin aiki a waje. Hakazalika, gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar ƙarfe masu nauyi da magungunan kashe qwari (wanda aka fi samun su a waje{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2020}}Ba za a iya cirewa ta hanyar tsabtace Hakanan yara za su iya haɗiye na'urorin tsabtace hannu, musamman idan suna da launi. <ref name="CDC20202">"Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations" (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Wasu na'urorin tsabtace hannu na kasuwanci (da kuma girke-girke na kan layi don shafan gida) suna da yawan barasa wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref name="low">Long, Bruce W.; Rollins, Jeannean Hall; Smith, Barbara J. (2015). ''Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures'' (13 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 16. ISBN <bdi>9780323319652</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.</ref> Wannan yana sa su ƙasa da tasiri wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref name="CDC20203">Baki, Gabriella; Alexander, Kenneth S. (2015). ''Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology''. John Wiley & Sons. p. 173. ISBN <bdi>9781118763780</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> Talakawa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba <ref name="low" /> da kuma mutane a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya samun wahalar samun abin tsabtace hannu tare da ingantaccen ƙwayar barasa. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Okafor|first1=Winifred|title=COVID-19: Not all hand sanitizers can kill virus — Pharmacist|url=https://insidemainland.com/2020/03/31/covid-19-not-all-hand-sanitizers-can-kill-virus-pharmacist/|work=InsideMainland|date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Lakabi na zamba na yawan barasa ya kasance matsala a Guyana. <ref>{{cite news|title=Purcill Hand Sanitizer being recalled for low alcohol content|url=https://newssourcegy.com/news/purcill-hand-sanitizer-being-recalled-for-low-alcohol-content/|work=News Source Guyana|date=9 April 2020}}</ref> === Makarantu. === Shaida na yanzu don tasirin tsaftar hannun makaranta ba shi da inganci. <ref>Miller, Chris H.; Palenik, Charles John (2016). ''Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team'' (5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 269. ISBN <bdi>9780323476577</bdi>. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017</ref> A cikin bita na 2020, Cochrane kwatanta wanke hannu mara wanke hannu zuwa sabulu na al'ada da dabarun ruwa da kuma tasirin da ya biyo baya kan rashin zuwa makaranta ya sami ɗan ƙaramin tasiri amma fa'ida akan wanke hannu mara amfani akan rashin rashin lafiya. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizer#:~:text=World%20Health%20Organization%20(2019).%20World%20Health%20Organization%20model%20list%20of%20essential%20medicines%3A%2021st%20list%202019.%20Geneva%3A%20World%20Health%20Organization.%20hdl%3A10665/325771.%20WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.%20License%3A%20CC%20BY%2DNC%2DSA%203.0%20IGO</ref> === Wuraren Kula da lafiya. === [[File:Handsprit.jpg||200px|right|thumb]] == Manazarta. == bdzw7bh9sw6hkk9kg2aumpwsz7krzsp 0 48901 552098 344164 2024-12-05T08:15:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 552098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil John Gemmell,'''masani ne na New Zealand. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da ilimin halittar ɗan adam da genomics, ilimin halittu, da ilimin halittun kiyayewa. Asalinsa daga Lower Hutt, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar La Trobe da ke [[Melbourne]], Australia. Tun daga 2008, Gemmell ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Otago kuma tun daga 2019 yana riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Sesquicentennial Sesquicentennial bakwai (Poutoko Taiea). Muhimmiyar aikin ya haɗa da binciken [[Loch Ness Monster]] (2018) da [[Jeri|jerin]] abubuwan halittar [[tuatara]] (an buga a cikin 2020). A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya karɓi [[Hutton Medal|Medal Hutton]] ta [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Gemmell ya sami ilimi a [[Taita College|Kwalejin Taita]] da ke [[Ƙananan Hutt|Lower Hutt]] ; Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a matsayin ''[[dux]]'' a 1984. Malaminsa na kimiyya, Saty Candasamy, ya zaburar da shi don neman wannan sha'awar kuma da farko ya yi niyyar nazarin ilimin dabbobi. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ilimin dabbobi ya shahara sosai a wurin abokan karatunsa, ya canza mayar da hankalinsa zuwa "wani abu maras farin jini" don ingantacciyar damar aiki. Gemmell ya tafi [[Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington]], inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="Taita College old boy">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kate|title=Taita College old boy couldn't find Loch Ness monster, reveals secrets of tuatara instead|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/122383115/taita-college-old-boy-couldnt-find-loch-ness-monster-reveals-secrets-of-tuatara-instead|access-date=30 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=11 August 2020}}</ref> A 1988, ya tafi [[Jami'ar La Trobe]] a [[Melbourne]], Australia, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1994. Taken rubutunsa shine ''yawan jama'a da binciken juyin halitta a cikin [[platypus]] (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) : tsarin kwayoyin halitta'' . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Sana'ar == A cikin 1994, Gemmell ya tafi Ingila don binciken digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Cambridge]] (1994-1997) da [[Jami'ar Leicester]] (1997 - Fabrairu 1998). A cikin Fabrairu 1998, ya ɗauki matsayi tare da [[Jami'ar Canterbury]], inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008. A wannan shekarar, ya koma wani matsayi a [[Jami'ar Otago]] inda ya ci gaba da zama tun daga lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tun daga 2011, Gemmell ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da [[Jeri|ta tsara]] genome na [[tuatara]] . Sha'awar kimiyya a cikin kwayoyin halittar tuatara yana da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da tsawon rayuwar nau'in (tuatara na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 100) da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtuka. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar kimiyya ''[[Nature (jarida)|Nature]]'' a watan Agusta 2020. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=403–409}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists unlock genetic makeup of tuatara|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/422892/scientists-unlock-genetic-makeup-of-tuatara|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Gemmell ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar don balaguro don samfurin [[DNA muhalli]] (eDNA) a [[Loch Ness]] . Manufar bincike ita ce tabbatar da wanzuwar [[Loch Ness Monster]], ko kuma akasin haka, kuma an ba da cewa an yi muhawara game da wanzuwar halittar tun shekarun 1930, aikinsu ya ba da hankali sosai. Babban manufar ita ce a nuna wa jama'a yadda kimiyya ke aiki. <ref name="duplicate for DYK">{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Hannah|title=Nessie, is that you? Kiwi scientist says 'absolutely not', but it could be a huge eel|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/115578873/nessie-is-that-you-kiwi-scientist-set-to-reveal-his-findings-in-loch-ness-monster-search|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> An bayyana binciken ne a watan Satumba na 2019 kuma ƙungiyar ba ta sami eDNA da ba su zata ba (watau babu wata shaida ga dodo mai rarrafe). Akwai mahimman DNA na eels kuma ƙungiyar bincike sun kammala cewa abubuwan da aka gani na iya zama na eels waɗanda suka girma zuwa babban girma. Gemmell ya kammala da cewa "watakila akwai wani dodo na Loch Ness, ba mu sani ba, ba mu same shi ba." <ref name="duplicate for DYK" /> A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsarin kula da ruwan sha don gano ribonucleic acid ( [[RNA]] ) a matsayin hanyar gano cututtuka tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] . Dangane da bincike na kasashen waje, Gemmell ya kiyasta cewa za a iya gano sabbin lokuta kwana biyu zuwa uku cikin sauri fiye da amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin. Ya ba da misali da yanayin [[Jami'ar Jihar Arizona]], inda samfurin ruwan sha daga kwalejin zama tare da mutane 300 ya nuna sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada yawan jama'a, an gano wasu cututtukan asymptomatic guda biyu waɗanda wataƙila sun haifar da barkewar ba tare da gwajin ruwan datti a wurin ba. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Peacock|first1=Colin|title=Hunting for Covid-19 in the nation's wastewater|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018766791/hunting-for-covid-19-in-the-nation-s-wastewater|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=4 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Bincike|Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Bincike]] (ESR) ce ke jagorantar binciken ruwa na New Zealand. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibb|first1=John|title=Test wastewater for Covid-19 to find carriers, prof advises|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/test-wastewater-covid-19-find-carriers-prof-advises|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Gemmell [[Aboki|ɗan'uwan]] [[Linnean Society of London]] . <ref name="Hutton Medal">{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2017, an sanar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malamai shida na New Zealand waɗanda suka karɓi [[Shirin Fulbright|malanta na Fulbright]] don 2018. <ref>{{Cite press release}}</ref> Gemmell ya gudanar da bincike a [[Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts]] kan [[Gine-gine|korar kwayoyin halitta]] don magance kwari. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Gemmell ya sami kyaututtuka daga Genetics Society of AustralAsia ( [[Michael JD White|MJD White]] Medal - 2018) <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> da New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB Award for Research Excellence - 2019). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Otago ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kujeru bakwai masu ban sha'awa na Sesquicentennial (Poutoko Taiea). An ba da waɗannan ga manyan malamai masu nasara kuma an ba Gemmell ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mukamai. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Gemmell ya sami [[Hutton Medal|lambar yabo ta Hutton]], lambar yabo mafi tsufa da [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] ta bayar. Alkaluman da al'ummar ta bayar ta ce kyautar ta kasance "saboda canza fahimtarmu game da ilimin halittar dabbobi da juyin halitta da kuma haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa a duniya". <ref name="Hutton Medal2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Academic awarded Hutton Medal at ceremony in Christchurch|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/academic-awarded-hutton-medal-ceremony-christchurch|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Gemmell a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Royal Society Te Apārangi a cikin Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Manazarta == lie39ji5nwlpboqu1pglc9tr5lf71d8 552099 552098 2024-12-05T08:16:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 552099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil John Gemmell,'''masani ne na New Zealand. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da ilimin halittar ɗan adam da genomics, ilimin halittu, da ilimin halittun kiyayewa. Asalinsa daga Lower Hutt, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar La Trobe da ke [[Melbourne]], Australia. Tun daga 2008, Gemmell ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Otago kuma tun daga 2019 yana riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Sesquicentennial Sesquicentennial bakwai (Poutoko Taiea). Muhimmiyar aikin ya haɗa da binciken Loch Ness Monster (2018) da jerin abubuwan halittar tuatara (an buga a cikin 2020). A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya karɓi [[Hutton Medal|Medal Hutton]] ta [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Gemmell ya sami ilimi a [[Taita College|Kwalejin Taita]] da ke [[Ƙananan Hutt|Lower Hutt]] ; Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a matsayin ''[[dux]]'' a 1984. Malaminsa na kimiyya, Saty Candasamy, ya zaburar da shi don neman wannan sha'awar kuma da farko ya yi niyyar nazarin ilimin dabbobi. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ilimin dabbobi ya shahara sosai a wurin abokan karatunsa, ya canza mayar da hankalinsa zuwa "wani abu maras farin jini" don ingantacciyar damar aiki. Gemmell ya tafi [[Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington]], inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="Taita College old boy">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kate|title=Taita College old boy couldn't find Loch Ness monster, reveals secrets of tuatara instead|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/122383115/taita-college-old-boy-couldnt-find-loch-ness-monster-reveals-secrets-of-tuatara-instead|access-date=30 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=11 August 2020}}</ref> A 1988, ya tafi [[Jami'ar La Trobe]] a [[Melbourne]], Australia, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1994. Taken rubutunsa shine ''yawan jama'a da binciken juyin halitta a cikin [[platypus]] (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) : tsarin kwayoyin halitta'' . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Sana'ar == A cikin 1994, Gemmell ya tafi Ingila don binciken digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Cambridge]] (1994-1997) da [[Jami'ar Leicester]] (1997 - Fabrairu 1998). A cikin Fabrairu 1998, ya ɗauki matsayi tare da [[Jami'ar Canterbury]], inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008. A wannan shekarar, ya koma wani matsayi a [[Jami'ar Otago]] inda ya ci gaba da zama tun daga lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tun daga 2011, Gemmell ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da [[Jeri|ta tsara]] genome na [[tuatara]] . Sha'awar kimiyya a cikin kwayoyin halittar tuatara yana da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da tsawon rayuwar nau'in (tuatara na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 100) da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtuka. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar kimiyya ''[[Nature (jarida)|Nature]]'' a watan Agusta 2020. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=403–409}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists unlock genetic makeup of tuatara|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/422892/scientists-unlock-genetic-makeup-of-tuatara|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Gemmell ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar don balaguro don samfurin [[DNA muhalli]] (eDNA) a [[Loch Ness]] . Manufar bincike ita ce tabbatar da wanzuwar [[Loch Ness Monster]], ko kuma akasin haka, kuma an ba da cewa an yi muhawara game da wanzuwar halittar tun shekarun 1930, aikinsu ya ba da hankali sosai. Babban manufar ita ce a nuna wa jama'a yadda kimiyya ke aiki. <ref name="duplicate for DYK">{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Hannah|title=Nessie, is that you? Kiwi scientist says 'absolutely not', but it could be a huge eel|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/115578873/nessie-is-that-you-kiwi-scientist-set-to-reveal-his-findings-in-loch-ness-monster-search|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> An bayyana binciken ne a watan Satumba na 2019 kuma ƙungiyar ba ta sami eDNA da ba su zata ba (watau babu wata shaida ga dodo mai rarrafe). Akwai mahimman DNA na eels kuma ƙungiyar bincike sun kammala cewa abubuwan da aka gani na iya zama na eels waɗanda suka girma zuwa babban girma. Gemmell ya kammala da cewa "watakila akwai wani dodo na Loch Ness, ba mu sani ba, ba mu same shi ba." <ref name="duplicate for DYK" /> A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsarin kula da ruwan sha don gano ribonucleic acid ( [[RNA]] ) a matsayin hanyar gano cututtuka tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] . Dangane da bincike na kasashen waje, Gemmell ya kiyasta cewa za a iya gano sabbin lokuta kwana biyu zuwa uku cikin sauri fiye da amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin. Ya ba da misali da yanayin [[Jami'ar Jihar Arizona]], inda samfurin ruwan sha daga kwalejin zama tare da mutane 300 ya nuna sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada yawan jama'a, an gano wasu cututtukan asymptomatic guda biyu waɗanda wataƙila sun haifar da barkewar ba tare da gwajin ruwan datti a wurin ba. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Peacock|first1=Colin|title=Hunting for Covid-19 in the nation's wastewater|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018766791/hunting-for-covid-19-in-the-nation-s-wastewater|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=4 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Bincike|Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Bincike]] (ESR) ce ke jagorantar binciken ruwa na New Zealand. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibb|first1=John|title=Test wastewater for Covid-19 to find carriers, prof advises|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/test-wastewater-covid-19-find-carriers-prof-advises|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Gemmell [[Aboki|ɗan'uwan]] [[Linnean Society of London]] . <ref name="Hutton Medal">{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2017, an sanar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malamai shida na New Zealand waɗanda suka karɓi [[Shirin Fulbright|malanta na Fulbright]] don 2018. <ref>{{Cite press release}}</ref> Gemmell ya gudanar da bincike a [[Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts]] kan [[Gine-gine|korar kwayoyin halitta]] don magance kwari. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Gemmell ya sami kyaututtuka daga Genetics Society of AustralAsia ( [[Michael JD White|MJD White]] Medal - 2018) <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> da New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB Award for Research Excellence - 2019). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Otago ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kujeru bakwai masu ban sha'awa na Sesquicentennial (Poutoko Taiea). An ba da waɗannan ga manyan malamai masu nasara kuma an ba Gemmell ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mukamai. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Gemmell ya sami [[Hutton Medal|lambar yabo ta Hutton]], lambar yabo mafi tsufa da [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] ta bayar. Alkaluman da al'ummar ta bayar ta ce kyautar ta kasance "saboda canza fahimtarmu game da ilimin halittar dabbobi da juyin halitta da kuma haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa a duniya". <ref name="Hutton Medal2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Academic awarded Hutton Medal at ceremony in Christchurch|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/academic-awarded-hutton-medal-ceremony-christchurch|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Gemmell a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Royal Society Te Apārangi a cikin Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2yxndcuiaf0h17ci8lgynqgcgfsbahl 552100 552099 2024-12-05T08:16:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 552100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil John Gemmell,'''masani ne na New Zealand. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da ilimin halittar ɗan adam da genomics, ilimin halittu, da ilimin halittun kiyayewa. Asalinsa daga Lower Hutt, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar La Trobe da ke [[Melbourne]], Australia. Tun daga 2008, Gemmell ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Otago kuma tun daga 2019 yana riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Sesquicentennial Sesquicentennial bakwai (Poutoko Taiea). Muhimmiyar aikin ya haɗa da binciken Loch Ness Monster (2018) da jerin abubuwan halittar tuatara (an buga a cikin 2020). A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya karɓi Medal Hutton ta Royal Society Te Apārangi . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Gemmell ya sami ilimi a [[Taita College|Kwalejin Taita]] da ke Lower Hutt ; Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a matsayin ''[[dux]]'' a 1984. Malaminsa na kimiyya, Saty Candasamy, ya zaburar da shi don neman wannan sha'awar kuma da farko ya yi niyyar nazarin ilimin dabbobi. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ilimin dabbobi ya shahara sosai a wurin abokan karatunsa, ya canza mayar da hankalinsa zuwa "wani abu maras farin jini" don ingantacciyar damar aiki. Gemmell ya tafi [[Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington]], inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="Taita College old boy">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kate|title=Taita College old boy couldn't find Loch Ness monster, reveals secrets of tuatara instead|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/122383115/taita-college-old-boy-couldnt-find-loch-ness-monster-reveals-secrets-of-tuatara-instead|access-date=30 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=11 August 2020}}</ref> A 1988, ya tafi [[Jami'ar La Trobe]] a [[Melbourne]], Australia, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1994. Taken rubutunsa shine ''yawan jama'a da binciken juyin halitta a cikin [[platypus]] (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) : tsarin kwayoyin halitta'' . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Sana'ar == A cikin 1994, Gemmell ya tafi Ingila don binciken digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Cambridge]] (1994-1997) da [[Jami'ar Leicester]] (1997 - Fabrairu 1998). A cikin Fabrairu 1998, ya ɗauki matsayi tare da [[Jami'ar Canterbury]], inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008. A wannan shekarar, ya koma wani matsayi a [[Jami'ar Otago]] inda ya ci gaba da zama tun daga lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tun daga 2011, Gemmell ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da [[Jeri|ta tsara]] genome na [[tuatara]] . Sha'awar kimiyya a cikin kwayoyin halittar tuatara yana da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da tsawon rayuwar nau'in (tuatara na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 100) da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtuka. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar kimiyya ''[[Nature (jarida)|Nature]]'' a watan Agusta 2020. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=403–409}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists unlock genetic makeup of tuatara|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/422892/scientists-unlock-genetic-makeup-of-tuatara|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Gemmell ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar don balaguro don samfurin [[DNA muhalli]] (eDNA) a [[Loch Ness]] . Manufar bincike ita ce tabbatar da wanzuwar [[Loch Ness Monster]], ko kuma akasin haka, kuma an ba da cewa an yi muhawara game da wanzuwar halittar tun shekarun 1930, aikinsu ya ba da hankali sosai. Babban manufar ita ce a nuna wa jama'a yadda kimiyya ke aiki. <ref name="duplicate for DYK">{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Hannah|title=Nessie, is that you? Kiwi scientist says 'absolutely not', but it could be a huge eel|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/115578873/nessie-is-that-you-kiwi-scientist-set-to-reveal-his-findings-in-loch-ness-monster-search|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> An bayyana binciken ne a watan Satumba na 2019 kuma ƙungiyar ba ta sami eDNA da ba su zata ba (watau babu wata shaida ga dodo mai rarrafe). Akwai mahimman DNA na eels kuma ƙungiyar bincike sun kammala cewa abubuwan da aka gani na iya zama na eels waɗanda suka girma zuwa babban girma. Gemmell ya kammala da cewa "watakila akwai wani dodo na Loch Ness, ba mu sani ba, ba mu same shi ba." <ref name="duplicate for DYK" /> A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsarin kula da ruwan sha don gano ribonucleic acid ( [[RNA]] ) a matsayin hanyar gano cututtuka tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] . Dangane da bincike na kasashen waje, Gemmell ya kiyasta cewa za a iya gano sabbin lokuta kwana biyu zuwa uku cikin sauri fiye da amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin. Ya ba da misali da yanayin [[Jami'ar Jihar Arizona]], inda samfurin ruwan sha daga kwalejin zama tare da mutane 300 ya nuna sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada yawan jama'a, an gano wasu cututtukan asymptomatic guda biyu waɗanda wataƙila sun haifar da barkewar ba tare da gwajin ruwan datti a wurin ba. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Peacock|first1=Colin|title=Hunting for Covid-19 in the nation's wastewater|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018766791/hunting-for-covid-19-in-the-nation-s-wastewater|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=4 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Bincike|Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Bincike]] (ESR) ce ke jagorantar binciken ruwa na New Zealand. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibb|first1=John|title=Test wastewater for Covid-19 to find carriers, prof advises|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/test-wastewater-covid-19-find-carriers-prof-advises|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Gemmell [[Aboki|ɗan'uwan]] [[Linnean Society of London]] . <ref name="Hutton Medal">{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2017, an sanar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malamai shida na New Zealand waɗanda suka karɓi [[Shirin Fulbright|malanta na Fulbright]] don 2018. <ref>{{Cite press release}}</ref> Gemmell ya gudanar da bincike a [[Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts]] kan [[Gine-gine|korar kwayoyin halitta]] don magance kwari. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Gemmell ya sami kyaututtuka daga Genetics Society of AustralAsia ( [[Michael JD White|MJD White]] Medal - 2018) <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> da New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB Award for Research Excellence - 2019). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Otago ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kujeru bakwai masu ban sha'awa na Sesquicentennial (Poutoko Taiea). An ba da waɗannan ga manyan malamai masu nasara kuma an ba Gemmell ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mukamai. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Gemmell ya sami [[Hutton Medal|lambar yabo ta Hutton]], lambar yabo mafi tsufa da [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] ta bayar. Alkaluman da al'ummar ta bayar ta ce kyautar ta kasance "saboda canza fahimtarmu game da ilimin halittar dabbobi da juyin halitta da kuma haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa a duniya". <ref name="Hutton Medal2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Academic awarded Hutton Medal at ceremony in Christchurch|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/academic-awarded-hutton-medal-ceremony-christchurch|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Gemmell a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Royal Society Te Apārangi a cikin Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Manazarta == caqk0yk3alfss7s3l1de4gcw2sz4hag 552101 552100 2024-12-05T08:16:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 552101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil John Gemmell,'''masani ne na New Zealand. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da ilimin halittar ɗan adam da genomics, ilimin halittu, da ilimin halittun kiyayewa. Asalinsa daga Lower Hutt, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar La Trobe da ke [[Melbourne]], Australia. Tun daga 2008, Gemmell ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Otago kuma tun daga 2019 yana riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Sesquicentennial Sesquicentennial bakwai (Poutoko Taiea). Muhimmiyar aikin ya haɗa da binciken Loch Ness Monster (2018) da jerin abubuwan halittar tuatara (an buga a cikin 2020). A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya karɓi Medal Hutton ta Royal Society Te Apārangi . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Gemmell ya sami ilimi a Kwalejin Taita da ke Lower Hutt ; Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a matsayin ''dux'' a 1984. Malaminsa na kimiyya, Saty Candasamy, ya zaburar da shi don neman wannan sha'awar kuma da farko ya yi niyyar nazarin ilimin dabbobi. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ilimin dabbobi ya shahara sosai a wurin abokan karatunsa, ya canza mayar da hankalinsa zuwa "wani abu maras farin jini" don ingantacciyar damar aiki. Gemmell ya tafi Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington, inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="Taita College old boy">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kate|title=Taita College old boy couldn't find Loch Ness monster, reveals secrets of tuatara instead|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/122383115/taita-college-old-boy-couldnt-find-loch-ness-monster-reveals-secrets-of-tuatara-instead|access-date=30 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=11 August 2020}}</ref> A 1988, ya tafi [[Jami'ar La Trobe]] a [[Melbourne]], Australia, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1994. Taken rubutunsa shine ''yawan jama'a da binciken juyin halitta a cikin [[platypus]] (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) : tsarin kwayoyin halitta'' . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Sana'ar == A cikin 1994, Gemmell ya tafi Ingila don binciken digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Cambridge]] (1994-1997) da [[Jami'ar Leicester]] (1997 - Fabrairu 1998). A cikin Fabrairu 1998, ya ɗauki matsayi tare da [[Jami'ar Canterbury]], inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008. A wannan shekarar, ya koma wani matsayi a [[Jami'ar Otago]] inda ya ci gaba da zama tun daga lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tun daga 2011, Gemmell ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da [[Jeri|ta tsara]] genome na [[tuatara]] . Sha'awar kimiyya a cikin kwayoyin halittar tuatara yana da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da tsawon rayuwar nau'in (tuatara na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 100) da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtuka. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar kimiyya ''[[Nature (jarida)|Nature]]'' a watan Agusta 2020. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=403–409}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists unlock genetic makeup of tuatara|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/422892/scientists-unlock-genetic-makeup-of-tuatara|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Gemmell ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar don balaguro don samfurin [[DNA muhalli]] (eDNA) a [[Loch Ness]] . Manufar bincike ita ce tabbatar da wanzuwar [[Loch Ness Monster]], ko kuma akasin haka, kuma an ba da cewa an yi muhawara game da wanzuwar halittar tun shekarun 1930, aikinsu ya ba da hankali sosai. Babban manufar ita ce a nuna wa jama'a yadda kimiyya ke aiki. <ref name="duplicate for DYK">{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Hannah|title=Nessie, is that you? Kiwi scientist says 'absolutely not', but it could be a huge eel|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/115578873/nessie-is-that-you-kiwi-scientist-set-to-reveal-his-findings-in-loch-ness-monster-search|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> An bayyana binciken ne a watan Satumba na 2019 kuma ƙungiyar ba ta sami eDNA da ba su zata ba (watau babu wata shaida ga dodo mai rarrafe). Akwai mahimman DNA na eels kuma ƙungiyar bincike sun kammala cewa abubuwan da aka gani na iya zama na eels waɗanda suka girma zuwa babban girma. Gemmell ya kammala da cewa "watakila akwai wani dodo na Loch Ness, ba mu sani ba, ba mu same shi ba." <ref name="duplicate for DYK" /> A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsarin kula da ruwan sha don gano ribonucleic acid ( [[RNA]] ) a matsayin hanyar gano cututtuka tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] . Dangane da bincike na kasashen waje, Gemmell ya kiyasta cewa za a iya gano sabbin lokuta kwana biyu zuwa uku cikin sauri fiye da amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin. Ya ba da misali da yanayin [[Jami'ar Jihar Arizona]], inda samfurin ruwan sha daga kwalejin zama tare da mutane 300 ya nuna sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada yawan jama'a, an gano wasu cututtukan asymptomatic guda biyu waɗanda wataƙila sun haifar da barkewar ba tare da gwajin ruwan datti a wurin ba. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Peacock|first1=Colin|title=Hunting for Covid-19 in the nation's wastewater|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018766791/hunting-for-covid-19-in-the-nation-s-wastewater|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=4 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Bincike|Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Bincike]] (ESR) ce ke jagorantar binciken ruwa na New Zealand. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibb|first1=John|title=Test wastewater for Covid-19 to find carriers, prof advises|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/test-wastewater-covid-19-find-carriers-prof-advises|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Gemmell [[Aboki|ɗan'uwan]] [[Linnean Society of London]] . <ref name="Hutton Medal">{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2017, an sanar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malamai shida na New Zealand waɗanda suka karɓi [[Shirin Fulbright|malanta na Fulbright]] don 2018. <ref>{{Cite press release}}</ref> Gemmell ya gudanar da bincike a [[Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts]] kan [[Gine-gine|korar kwayoyin halitta]] don magance kwari. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Gemmell ya sami kyaututtuka daga Genetics Society of AustralAsia ( [[Michael JD White|MJD White]] Medal - 2018) <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> da New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB Award for Research Excellence - 2019). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Otago ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kujeru bakwai masu ban sha'awa na Sesquicentennial (Poutoko Taiea). An ba da waɗannan ga manyan malamai masu nasara kuma an ba Gemmell ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mukamai. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Gemmell ya sami [[Hutton Medal|lambar yabo ta Hutton]], lambar yabo mafi tsufa da [[Royal Society Te Aparangi|Royal Society Te Apārangi]] ta bayar. Alkaluman da al'ummar ta bayar ta ce kyautar ta kasance "saboda canza fahimtarmu game da ilimin halittar dabbobi da juyin halitta da kuma haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa a duniya". <ref name="Hutton Medal2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Academic awarded Hutton Medal at ceremony in Christchurch|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/academic-awarded-hutton-medal-ceremony-christchurch|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Gemmell a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Royal Society Te Apārangi a cikin Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8dr33u3xsj7iih1jgqqa8z4raaxkvhg 552102 552101 2024-12-05T08:18:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 552102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil John Gemmell,'''masani ne na New Zealand. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da ilimin halittar ɗan adam da genomics, ilimin halittu, da ilimin halittun kiyayewa. Asalinsa daga Lower Hutt, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar La Trobe da ke [[Melbourne]], Australia. Tun daga 2008, Gemmell ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Otago kuma tun daga 2019 yana riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Sesquicentennial Sesquicentennial bakwai (Poutoko Taiea). Muhimmiyar aikin ya haɗa da binciken Loch Ness Monster (2018) da jerin abubuwan halittar tuatara (an buga a cikin 2020). A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya karɓi Medal Hutton ta Royal Society Te Apārangi . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Gemmell ya sami ilimi a Kwalejin Taita da ke Lower Hutt ; Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a matsayin ''dux'' a 1984. Malaminsa na kimiyya, Saty Candasamy, ya zaburar da shi don neman wannan sha'awar kuma da farko ya yi niyyar nazarin ilimin dabbobi. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ilimin dabbobi ya shahara sosai a wurin abokan karatunsa, ya canza mayar da hankalinsa zuwa "wani abu maras farin jini" don ingantacciyar damar aiki. Gemmell ya tafi Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington, inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="Taita College old boy">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kate|title=Taita College old boy couldn't find Loch Ness monster, reveals secrets of tuatara instead|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/122383115/taita-college-old-boy-couldnt-find-loch-ness-monster-reveals-secrets-of-tuatara-instead|access-date=30 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=11 August 2020}}</ref> A 1988, ya tafi Jami'ar La Trobe a [[Melbourne]], Australia, inda ya sami digiri na uku a 1994. Taken rubutunsa shine ''yawan jama'a da binciken juyin halitta a cikin platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) : tsarin kwayoyin halitta'' . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Sana'ar == A cikin 1994, Gemmell ya tafi Ingila don binciken digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Cambridge (1994-1997) da Jami'ar Leicester (1997 - Fabrairu 1998). A cikin Fabrairu 1998, ya ɗauki matsayi tare da Jami'ar Canterbury, inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008. A wannan shekarar, ya koma wani matsayi a Jami'ar Otago inda ya ci gaba da zama tun daga lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tun daga 2011, Gemmell ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta tsara genome na tuatara . Sha'awar kimiyya a cikin kwayoyin halittar tuatara yana da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da tsawon rayuwar nau'in (tuatara na iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 100) da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtuka. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin mujallar kimiyya ''Nature'' a watan Agusta 2020. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=403–409}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists unlock genetic makeup of tuatara|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/422892/scientists-unlock-genetic-makeup-of-tuatara|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Gemmell ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar don balaguro don samfurin DNA muhalli (eDNA) a Loch Ness . Manufar bincike ita ce tabbatar da wanzuwar Loch Ness Monster, ko kuma akasin haka, kuma an ba da cewa an yi muhawara game da wanzuwar halittar tun shekarun 1930, aikinsu ya ba da hankali sosai. Babban manufar ita ce a nuna wa jama'a yadda kimiyya ke aiki. <ref name="duplicate for DYK">{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Hannah|title=Nessie, is that you? Kiwi scientist says 'absolutely not', but it could be a huge eel|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/115578873/nessie-is-that-you-kiwi-scientist-set-to-reveal-his-findings-in-loch-ness-monster-search|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> An bayyana binciken ne a watan Satumba na 2019 kuma ƙungiyar ba ta sami eDNA da ba su zata ba (watau babu wata shaida ga dodo mai rarrafe). Akwai mahimman DNA na eels kuma ƙungiyar bincike sun kammala cewa abubuwan da aka gani na iya zama na eels waɗanda suka girma zuwa babban girma. Gemmell ya kammala da cewa "watakila akwai wani dodo na Loch Ness, ba mu sani ba, ba mu same shi ba." <ref name="duplicate for DYK" /> A cikin 2020, Gemmell ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsarin kula da ruwan sha don gano ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) a matsayin hanyar gano cututtuka tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] . Dangane da bincike na kasashen waje, Gemmell ya kiyasta cewa za a iya gano sabbin lokuta kwana biyu zuwa uku cikin sauri fiye da amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin. Ya ba da misali da yanayin Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, inda samfurin ruwan sha daga kwalejin zama tare da mutane 300 ya nuna sakamako mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada yawan jama'a, an gano wasu cututtukan asymptomatic guda biyu waɗanda wataƙila sun haifar da barkewar ba tare da gwajin ruwan datti a wurin ba. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Peacock|first1=Colin|title=Hunting for Covid-19 in the nation's wastewater|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018766791/hunting-for-covid-19-in-the-nation-s-wastewater|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=4 October 2020}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Bincike (ESR) ce ke jagorantar binciken ruwa na New Zealand. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibb|first1=John|title=Test wastewater for Covid-19 to find carriers, prof advises|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/test-wastewater-covid-19-find-carriers-prof-advises|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Gemmell ɗan'uwan Linnean Society of London . <ref name="Hutton Medal">{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2017, an sanar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malamai shida na New Zealand waɗanda suka karɓi malanta na Fulbright don 2018. <ref>{{Cite press release}}</ref> Gemmell ya gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts kan korar kwayoyin halitta don magance kwari. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Gemmell ya sami kyaututtuka daga Genetics Society of AustralAsia ( MJD White Medal - 2018) <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> da New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB Award for Research Excellence - 2019). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Otago ta yi bikin cika shekaru 150 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kujeru bakwai masu ban sha'awa na Sesquicentennial (Poutoko Taiea). An ba da waɗannan ga manyan malamai masu nasara kuma an ba Gemmell ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mukamai. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Gemmell ya sami lambar yabo ta Hutton, lambar yabo mafi tsufa da Royal Society Te Apārangi ta bayar. Alkaluman da al'ummar ta bayar ta ce kyautar ta kasance "saboda canza fahimtarmu game da ilimin halittar dabbobi da juyin halitta da kuma haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa a duniya". <ref name="Hutton Medal2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Academic awarded Hutton Medal at ceremony in Christchurch|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/academic-awarded-hutton-medal-ceremony-christchurch|access-date=31 January 2021|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Gemmell a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Royal Society Te Apārangi a cikin Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Manazarta == oiv0zpzbzsfqvxxobd5gsmg79eidns1 0 48958 552095 528014 2024-12-05T08:14:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 552095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Giwa Hospital Kaduna.jpg|thumb|asibitin giwa]] '''Daitu''' ya kasance '''kauye''' ne a karamar hukumar [[Giwa (Kaduna)|Giwa]] wadda take a Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna.]]<ref>https://www.mindat.org/loc-408948.html</ref> Ta kafu ne tun zamanin [[Sarkin Zazzau]] Jatau a shakara ta 1806. Tana Gundumar Kaɗage a ƙarƙashin dakacin Ƙundun acikin Gundumar Fatika a Masarautar Zazzau. == Mazauna garin == Asalin mazauna garin Daitu [[Hausawa]] ne da [[Fulani]], wadanda mafi yawan sana'o'insu shine noma da kiwo da dinki, saka, kira da wanzanci da sauransu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kaduna]] [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Najeriya]] g31itmdvirtzxfm2yjm56ygui5f573h 552096 552095 2024-12-05T08:14:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 552096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Giwa Hospital Kaduna.jpg|thumb|asibitin giwa]] '''Daitu''' ya kasance '''kauye''' ne a karamar hukumar [[Giwa (Kaduna)|Giwa]] wadda take a Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna.]]<ref>https://www.mindat.org/loc-408948.html</ref> Ta kafu ne tun zamanin mai girma [[Sarkin Zazzau]] Jatau a shakara ta 1806. Tana Gundumar Kaɗage a ƙarƙashin dakacin Ƙundun acikin Gundumar Fatika a Masarautar Zazzau. == Mazauna garin == Asalin mazauna garin Daitu [[Hausawa]] ne da [[Fulani]], wadanda mafi yawan sana'o'insu shine noma da kiwo da dinki, saka, kira da wanzanci da sauransu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kaduna]] [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Najeriya]] 358muks29dhom3hfkqdmf0a2mpbcjq3 552097 552096 2024-12-05T08:15:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 552097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Giwa Hospital Kaduna.jpg|thumb|asibitin giwa]] '''Daitu''' ya kasance '''kauye''' ne a karamar hukumar [[Giwa (Kaduna)|Giwa]] wadda take a Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna.]]<ref>https://www.mindat.org/loc-408948.html</ref> Ta kafu ne tun zamanin [[Sarkin Zazzau]] Jatau a shakara ta 1806. Tana Gundumar Kaɗage a ƙarƙashin dakacin Ƙundun acikin Gundumar Fatika a Masarautar Zazzau. == Mazauna garin == Asalin mazauna garin Daitu [[Hausawa]] ne da [[Fulani]], wadanda mafi yawan sana'o'insu shine noma da kiwo da dinki, saka, kira da wanzanci da sauransu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kaduna]] [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Najeriya]] g31itmdvirtzxfm2yjm56ygui5f573h 0 49040 552093 513961 2024-12-05T08:13:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 552093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dam Wall of Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa (2019).jpg|thumb|katangar dam in]] [[Fayil:Hartbeespoort Dam north face.jpg|thumb|dam in haetbeespoort]] '''Dam ɗin Hartbeespoort''', (kuma aka sani da ''Harties'' ) wani dam nau'in baka ne da ke lardin Arewa maso Yamma na nahiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wani kwari zuwa kudu na tsaunukan Magaliesberg da arewacin tsaunin Witwatersberg, kimanin kilomita 35 arewa maso yamma da [[Johannesburg]] da kilomita 20 yamma da [[Pretoria]] . Sunan dam din yana nufin "dam a cikin kwazazzabo hartebeest " ( nau'in tururuwa ) a cikin [[Afrikaans]] . Wannan "talakawa" a cikin Magaliesberg ya kasance sanannen wuri ga mafarauta, inda suka yi ta harbin hartebeest.<ref>{{cite book |title=Agter die Magalies |last=de Beer |first=B. K. |year=1975 |publisher=Postma Publikasie |location=[[Fontainebleau]] |page=381 }}</ref> Tun da farko an tsara madatsar ruwa ne don ban ruwa, wanda a halin yanzu shine farkon amfani da shi, da kuma na cikin gida da masana'antu. <ref name="wrc-taming">{{cite web|url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamNWHartebeespoort/Harties%20history%20WW%20May-June%2008.pdf|title=SA's Water History – Taming the poort|date=June 2008|publisher=Water Research Commission|access-date=2010-10-23|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924004727/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamNWHartebeespoort/Harties%20history%20WW%20May-June%2008.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dam din ya sha fama da yanayin hawan jini tun farkon shekarun 1970. Rashin sarrafa sharar ruwan sha daga shiyyoyin birane a cikin yankin dam dam na Hartbeespoort shine babban abin zargi, saboda gurbata gidan yanar gizon abinci tare da sama da tan 280 na phosphate da nitrate. Garin Hartbeespoort yana kusa da bangon madatsar ruwa kuma ana iya samun ƙauyukan Kosmos, Melodie, Ifafi, Meerhof da The Coves, Pecanwood, Westlake da sauran yankuna da dama tare da bakin tekun. An ba wa garin Schoemansville sunan Janar Hendrik Schoeman, wanda ya mallaki ƙasar a ƙarni na 19.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Magaliesberg |last=Carruthers |first=Vincent |year=1990 |publisher=Southern Book Publishers |location=[[Johannesburg]] |page=333 }}</ref> == Tarihi == {{databox}} [[File:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam03.jpg|left|thumb| Plaque dake a bangon dam yana ba da ɗan gajeren tarihin dam.]] A cikin 1906, gwamnati ta ba da umarnin binciken jama'a game da yuwuwar gina madatsar ruwa a Hartbeespoort na Magaliesberg. Injiniya na Sashen Ban ruwa wanda ya jagoranci binciken, ya gabatar da rahoto mai kyau ga gwamnati da Dokar Hartebeestpoort. Majalisar ta amince da 32 na 1914. <ref>Turton, A.R., Meissner, R., Mampane, P.M. & Sereno, O. 2004. </ref> Tun a shekarar 1909 ne aka tona ramukan gwaji a kasan kogin don tantance ko gina dutsen ya dace da gina irin wannan babbar madatsar ruwa. An ƙididdige girman wurin da ake kamawa, an auna magudanar ruwa da ƙiyasin ƙasar da za a iya ban ruwa. An kafa da'awar da ke ƙasa ga rafin ruwa da ke akwai. An yi nazarin yanayin yanayin bakin kogi da dutsen don tantance yiwuwar tashar don aikin ginin. An fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa a hukumance a watan Agustan 1916. Da farko, an jinkirta aiki har sai an yanke hukuncin kotu tare da Janar Hendrik Schoeman da wani Mista Marshevin game da kwace kadarorinsu. Daga baya aka warware takaddamar amma rashin gamsuwa ya ci gaba da kasancewa bayan da aka yi gaggawar zartar da doka don sauƙaƙe kwacen. A cikin littafinsa mai suna “Agter die Magalies”, Bertus de Beer ya bayar da hujjar cewa gwamnati ta yi taka tsan-tsan wajen warware batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ginin dam. Halin uwa ya haifar da ƙarin jinkiri saboda ambaliya. A cikin 1914 da kuma a cikin 1918, ɗimbin katako na gine-gine ya wanke kogin kuma ba a sake dawowa ba. A shekara ta 1915, bangon Geldenhuysdam ya kara tasowa kogin ya karye kuma ambaliya ta wurin kuma ta haifar da jinkiri. Rushewar da yakin duniya na farko ya haifar, da kuma matsalolin da Tawayen kungiyar Afrikaners suka haifar, sun kara kawo tsaiko ga ginin. Sannan kamfanin na farko ya lalace saboda asarar kudi da aka samu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da tsaikon da aka samu. A cikin 1921 kamfani na biyu ya ɗauki aikin kuma ya nada injiniya FW Scott, wanda ya magance aikin tare da sabunta makamashi. A watan Afrilun 1923, bayan duk koma baya da tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, an kammala aikin. A cikin watan Satumba na wannan shekarar ne aka bude hanyar da ke kan bangon Dam din da ta ramin da aka bude wa ababen hawa. Dam din ya fara ambaliya a watan Maris 1925. An gina madatsar ruwa a gonar Hartebeestpoort, mallakar Boer Janar [[Hendrik Schoeman]] (1840-1901). Gwamnati ta mallaki gonar da filayen da ke kusa, musamman ta hanyar sauƙaƙe da ɗansa, Johan Schoeman (1887-1967), a kusa da 1912. Kammala madatsar ruwan ya sa ƙasar noma ta arewa da Magaliesberg ta fi daraja sosai, musamman ƙasa kusa da magudanan ruwa da Kogin kada. == Gini == [[File:South_Africa-Hartebeespoort_dam01.jpg|left|thumb| Saman bangon dam da babbar hanyar.]] Katangar dam tana da {{Convert|149.5|m|yd}} tsayi da {{Convert|59.4|m|foot}} babba, wanda aka gina a kan wani kwazazzabo yanke ta cikin Magaliesberg. Ruwan Kogin Crocodile da [[Magalies River|Kogin Magalies]] ne ke ciyar da tafki kuma ya kai kusan {{Convert|18.83|km2|mi2}}, tare da ma'anar zurfin {{Convert|9.6|m|foot}} da zurfin zurfin {{Convert|45.1|m|foot}} . Tana da fili mai fadin {{Convert|20|km2|mi2}}, kuma kewayon sa na yau da kullun na canjin matakin ruwa na shekara shine {{Convert|0.8|m|foot}} . Nau'in hadawa na tafki shine monomictic . Hanya guda ɗaya, titin kwalta ta siket ɗin ruwa a gefen arewa; A kan hanyarsa ta bi ta wani rami mai tsayin mita 56.6 sannan kuma ta ketare katangar dam. == Amfani == [[File:South_Africa-Hartebeespoort_dam03.jpg|left|thumb| Tasoshin ruwa a [[Transvaal Yacht Club]]]] Dam din Hartbeespoort yana samar da ruwan ban ruwa ta hanyar {{Convert|544|km|mi}} doguwar hanyar sadarwa na canals zuwa {{Convert|159.76|km2|mi2}} na gonakin da ake samar da taba, alkama, lucerne, ' [[Ɗan'ice|ya'yan itace]] da furanni . Tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa, musamman microcystin toxin. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2015. </ref> Hartbeespoort ya zama sanannen biki da wurin shakatawa na karshen mako ga mazaunan [[Johannesburg]] da [[Pretoria]] ; shi ne babban yankin shakatawa na ruwa na arewacin Gauteng kuma ana jin daɗin nau'ikan wasannin ruwa da yawa akan madatsar ruwa. [[Transvaal Yacht Club|Kungiyar Transvaal Tacht Club]] tana aiki a madatsar ruwa tun lokacin da aka gina shi a cikin 1923. Tashar NSRI mai lamba 25, dake dam din, tana daya daga cikin tashoshi uku kacal na Cibiyar Ceto Tekun Kasa a cikin kasa kuma tana ba da sabis na ceton ruwa a madatsar ruwa. == ingancin ruwa == [[File:Hartbeespoort_Dam01.jpg|left|thumb| Ruwan da ke kwarara cikin Kogin kada daga magudanar ruwa don amfanin ƙasa.]] [[File:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb| Girman girma na hyacinth na ruwa yana lalata ingancin ruwa na Dam Hartbeespoort]] Dam din Hartbeespoort ya shahara saboda rashin ingancin ruwa tun tsakiyar karni na ashirin.<ref name="Cholnoky1958">{{cite journal|last1=Cholnoky|first1=B. J.|title=Hydrobiologische untersuchungen in transvaal II. Selbstreinigung im Jukskei-Crocodile Flusssystem|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=11|issue=3–4|year=1958|pages=205–266|issn=0018-8158|doi=10.1007/BF00018693|s2cid=19195279 }}</ref><ref name="AllansonGieskes1961">{{cite journal|last1=Allanson|first1=B. R.|last2=Gieskes|first2=J. M. T. M.|title=Part II An introduction to the limnology of Hartbeespoort Dam with special reference to the effect of industrial and domestic pollution|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=18|issue=1–2|year=1961|pages=77–94|issn=0018-8158|doi=10.1007/BF00731364|s2cid=26685178 }}</ref> <ref>Zohary, T., Jarvis, A. C., Chutter, F. M., Ashton, P. J., Robarts, R. D., 1988. </ref> Dam din yana fama da matsananciyar eutrophication, a cikin 2003 sakamakon yawan sinadarin phosphate da nitrate a cikin kogin kada, babban magudanar ruwa. Tushen gurɓacewar muhalli na farko shine masana'antu da ƙazanta na cikin gida daga Gauteng. <ref>Harding WR, Thornton JA, Steyn G, Panuska J, Morrison IR. </ref> Yankin da aka kama ya hada da tafkin Bruma a cikin Kogin Jukskei da tafkin Centurion a cikin Kogin Hennops . Matsanancin matakin eutrophication yana bayyana a cikin girma da yawa na ƙananan algae da cyanobacteria, da macrophytes irin su hyacinth na ruwa ( ''Eichhornia crassipes'' ). <ref>Van Ginkel CE, Silberbauer MJ. </ref> Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon karuwar rashin aiki a yawancin ayyukan najasa da ke zubar da birnin Johannesburg, wanda, wanda ba a saba gani ba ga babban birni, ya ratsa magudanar ruwa na nahiyar maimakon ya kasance a kan tafki, kogi ko bakin teku. <ref>Turton, A.R., Schultz, C., Buckle, H, Kgomongoe, M., Malungani, T. & Drackner, M. 2006. </ref> Dam din Hartbeespoort ya zama babban misali na sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba lokacin da yanayin halittun ruwa ya tashi daga kwanciyar hankali amma mai kyawawa, zuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali amma yanayin da ba a so, yana ƙin mafi kyawun shisshigin kimiyya shekaru da yawa. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2015. </ref> Wannan yana haifar da wani ɗan lokaci sakamakon raguwar tsarin tattara bayanai da sarrafa bayanai waɗanda ke taimakawa sarrafa albarkatun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2016. </ref> Sashen kula da harkokin ruwa da gandun daji na Afirka ta Kudu ya kaddamar da shirin ''Harties metsi a me'' ( ''Harties, My Water'' ) don nemo hanyoyin magance matsalolin ingancin ruwa. Kudaden da gwamnati ta kashe daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2015 domin tsaftace madatsar ruwa da gyara shi da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi al’umma ya kai Naira miliyan 900. Wasu hanyoyin biomanipulation da ake amfani da su ga madatsun ruwa irin su Hartbeesport sun zo ƙarƙashin binciken kimiyya.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hart | first1 = R. C. | last2 = Harding | first2 = W. R. | year = 2015 | title = Impacts of fish on phosphorus budget dynamics of some SA reservoirs: evaluating prospects of 'bottom up' phosphorus reduction in eutrophic systems through fish removal (biomanipulation) | journal = Water SA | volume = 41 | issue = 4| pages = 432–440 | doi = 10.4314/wsa.v41i4.01 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hart |first1=Rob |last2=Matthews |first2=Mark |title=Bioremediation of South Africa's hypertrophic Hartbeespoort Dam: evaluating its effects by comparative analysis of a decade of MERIS satellite data in six control reservoirs |journal=Inland Waters |date=2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=96–108 |doi=10.1080/20442041.2018.1429068 |s2cid=89931314 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/IUGQdAGpRvekcuwQzC85/full |access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Kogin kada (Limpopo) * Hartbeesport Aerial Cableway == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commons category-inline|Hartbeespoort Dam}} * [http://www.dwa.gov.za/Harties/dam.asp Hartbeespoort Dam shafi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301070122/http://www.dwa.gov.za/Harties/dam.asp |date=2012-03-01 }} a Sashen Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ly15a0kmcky5sj958ytgv5aju42u74o 552094 552093 2024-12-05T08:13:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 552094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dam Wall of Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa (2019).jpg|thumb|katangar dam in]] [[Fayil:Hartbeespoort Dam north face.jpg|thumb|dam in haetbeespoort]] '''Dam ɗin Hartbeespoort''', (kuma aka sani da ''Harties'' ) wani dam nau'in baka ne da ke lardin Arewa maso Yamma na nahiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wani kwari zuwa kudu na tsaunukan Magaliesberg da arewacin tsaunin Witwatersberg, kimanin adadin kilomita 35 arewa maso yamma da [[Johannesburg]] da kilomita 20 yamma da [[Pretoria]] . Sunan dam din yana nufin "dam a cikin kwazazzabo hartebeest " ( nau'in tururuwa ) a cikin [[Afrikaans]] . Wannan "talakawa" a cikin Magaliesberg ya kasance sanannen wuri ga mafarauta, inda suka yi ta harbin hartebeest.<ref>{{cite book |title=Agter die Magalies |last=de Beer |first=B. K. |year=1975 |publisher=Postma Publikasie |location=[[Fontainebleau]] |page=381 }}</ref> Tun da farko an tsara madatsar ruwa ne don ban ruwa, wanda a halin yanzu shine farkon amfani da shi, da kuma na cikin gida da masana'antu. <ref name="wrc-taming">{{cite web|url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamNWHartebeespoort/Harties%20history%20WW%20May-June%2008.pdf|title=SA's Water History – Taming the poort|date=June 2008|publisher=Water Research Commission|access-date=2010-10-23|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924004727/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamNWHartebeespoort/Harties%20history%20WW%20May-June%2008.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dam din ya sha fama da yanayin hawan jini tun farkon shekarun 1970. Rashin sarrafa sharar ruwan sha daga shiyyoyin birane a cikin yankin dam dam na Hartbeespoort shine babban abin zargi, saboda gurbata gidan yanar gizon abinci tare da sama da tan 280 na phosphate da nitrate. Garin Hartbeespoort yana kusa da bangon madatsar ruwa kuma ana iya samun ƙauyukan Kosmos, Melodie, Ifafi, Meerhof da The Coves, Pecanwood, Westlake da sauran yankuna da dama tare da bakin tekun. An ba wa garin Schoemansville sunan Janar Hendrik Schoeman, wanda ya mallaki ƙasar a ƙarni na 19.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Magaliesberg |last=Carruthers |first=Vincent |year=1990 |publisher=Southern Book Publishers |location=[[Johannesburg]] |page=333 }}</ref> == Tarihi == {{databox}} [[File:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam03.jpg|left|thumb| Plaque dake a bangon dam yana ba da ɗan gajeren tarihin dam.]] A cikin 1906, gwamnati ta ba da umarnin binciken jama'a game da yuwuwar gina madatsar ruwa a Hartbeespoort na Magaliesberg. Injiniya na Sashen Ban ruwa wanda ya jagoranci binciken, ya gabatar da rahoto mai kyau ga gwamnati da Dokar Hartebeestpoort. Majalisar ta amince da 32 na 1914. <ref>Turton, A.R., Meissner, R., Mampane, P.M. & Sereno, O. 2004. </ref> Tun a shekarar 1909 ne aka tona ramukan gwaji a kasan kogin don tantance ko gina dutsen ya dace da gina irin wannan babbar madatsar ruwa. An ƙididdige girman wurin da ake kamawa, an auna magudanar ruwa da ƙiyasin ƙasar da za a iya ban ruwa. An kafa da'awar da ke ƙasa ga rafin ruwa da ke akwai. An yi nazarin yanayin yanayin bakin kogi da dutsen don tantance yiwuwar tashar don aikin ginin. An fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa a hukumance a watan Agustan 1916. Da farko, an jinkirta aiki har sai an yanke hukuncin kotu tare da Janar Hendrik Schoeman da wani Mista Marshevin game da kwace kadarorinsu. Daga baya aka warware takaddamar amma rashin gamsuwa ya ci gaba da kasancewa bayan da aka yi gaggawar zartar da doka don sauƙaƙe kwacen. A cikin littafinsa mai suna “Agter die Magalies”, Bertus de Beer ya bayar da hujjar cewa gwamnati ta yi taka tsan-tsan wajen warware batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ginin dam. Halin uwa ya haifar da ƙarin jinkiri saboda ambaliya. A cikin 1914 da kuma a cikin 1918, ɗimbin katako na gine-gine ya wanke kogin kuma ba a sake dawowa ba. A shekara ta 1915, bangon Geldenhuysdam ya kara tasowa kogin ya karye kuma ambaliya ta wurin kuma ta haifar da jinkiri. Rushewar da yakin duniya na farko ya haifar, da kuma matsalolin da Tawayen kungiyar Afrikaners suka haifar, sun kara kawo tsaiko ga ginin. Sannan kamfanin na farko ya lalace saboda asarar kudi da aka samu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da tsaikon da aka samu. A cikin 1921 kamfani na biyu ya ɗauki aikin kuma ya nada injiniya FW Scott, wanda ya magance aikin tare da sabunta makamashi. A watan Afrilun 1923, bayan duk koma baya da tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, an kammala aikin. A cikin watan Satumba na wannan shekarar ne aka bude hanyar da ke kan bangon Dam din da ta ramin da aka bude wa ababen hawa. Dam din ya fara ambaliya a watan Maris 1925. An gina madatsar ruwa a gonar Hartebeestpoort, mallakar Boer Janar [[Hendrik Schoeman]] (1840-1901). Gwamnati ta mallaki gonar da filayen da ke kusa, musamman ta hanyar sauƙaƙe da ɗansa, Johan Schoeman (1887-1967), a kusa da 1912. Kammala madatsar ruwan ya sa ƙasar noma ta arewa da Magaliesberg ta fi daraja sosai, musamman ƙasa kusa da magudanan ruwa da Kogin kada. == Gini == [[File:South_Africa-Hartebeespoort_dam01.jpg|left|thumb| Saman bangon dam da babbar hanyar.]] Katangar dam tana da {{Convert|149.5|m|yd}} tsayi da {{Convert|59.4|m|foot}} babba, wanda aka gina a kan wani kwazazzabo yanke ta cikin Magaliesberg. Ruwan Kogin Crocodile da [[Magalies River|Kogin Magalies]] ne ke ciyar da tafki kuma ya kai kusan {{Convert|18.83|km2|mi2}}, tare da ma'anar zurfin {{Convert|9.6|m|foot}} da zurfin zurfin {{Convert|45.1|m|foot}} . Tana da fili mai fadin {{Convert|20|km2|mi2}}, kuma kewayon sa na yau da kullun na canjin matakin ruwa na shekara shine {{Convert|0.8|m|foot}} . Nau'in hadawa na tafki shine monomictic . Hanya guda ɗaya, titin kwalta ta siket ɗin ruwa a gefen arewa; A kan hanyarsa ta bi ta wani rami mai tsayin mita 56.6 sannan kuma ta ketare katangar dam. == Amfani == [[File:South_Africa-Hartebeespoort_dam03.jpg|left|thumb| Tasoshin ruwa a [[Transvaal Yacht Club]]]] Dam din Hartbeespoort yana samar da ruwan ban ruwa ta hanyar {{Convert|544|km|mi}} doguwar hanyar sadarwa na canals zuwa {{Convert|159.76|km2|mi2}} na gonakin da ake samar da taba, alkama, lucerne, ' [[Ɗan'ice|ya'yan itace]] da furanni . Tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa, musamman microcystin toxin. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2015. </ref> Hartbeespoort ya zama sanannen biki da wurin shakatawa na karshen mako ga mazaunan [[Johannesburg]] da [[Pretoria]] ; shi ne babban yankin shakatawa na ruwa na arewacin Gauteng kuma ana jin daɗin nau'ikan wasannin ruwa da yawa akan madatsar ruwa. [[Transvaal Yacht Club|Kungiyar Transvaal Tacht Club]] tana aiki a madatsar ruwa tun lokacin da aka gina shi a cikin 1923. Tashar NSRI mai lamba 25, dake dam din, tana daya daga cikin tashoshi uku kacal na Cibiyar Ceto Tekun Kasa a cikin kasa kuma tana ba da sabis na ceton ruwa a madatsar ruwa. == ingancin ruwa == [[File:Hartbeespoort_Dam01.jpg|left|thumb| Ruwan da ke kwarara cikin Kogin kada daga magudanar ruwa don amfanin ƙasa.]] [[File:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb| Girman girma na hyacinth na ruwa yana lalata ingancin ruwa na Dam Hartbeespoort]] Dam din Hartbeespoort ya shahara saboda rashin ingancin ruwa tun tsakiyar karni na ashirin.<ref name="Cholnoky1958">{{cite journal|last1=Cholnoky|first1=B. J.|title=Hydrobiologische untersuchungen in transvaal II. Selbstreinigung im Jukskei-Crocodile Flusssystem|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=11|issue=3–4|year=1958|pages=205–266|issn=0018-8158|doi=10.1007/BF00018693|s2cid=19195279 }}</ref><ref name="AllansonGieskes1961">{{cite journal|last1=Allanson|first1=B. R.|last2=Gieskes|first2=J. M. T. M.|title=Part II An introduction to the limnology of Hartbeespoort Dam with special reference to the effect of industrial and domestic pollution|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=18|issue=1–2|year=1961|pages=77–94|issn=0018-8158|doi=10.1007/BF00731364|s2cid=26685178 }}</ref> <ref>Zohary, T., Jarvis, A. C., Chutter, F. M., Ashton, P. J., Robarts, R. D., 1988. </ref> Dam din yana fama da matsananciyar eutrophication, a cikin 2003 sakamakon yawan sinadarin phosphate da nitrate a cikin kogin kada, babban magudanar ruwa. Tushen gurɓacewar muhalli na farko shine masana'antu da ƙazanta na cikin gida daga Gauteng. <ref>Harding WR, Thornton JA, Steyn G, Panuska J, Morrison IR. </ref> Yankin da aka kama ya hada da tafkin Bruma a cikin Kogin Jukskei da tafkin Centurion a cikin Kogin Hennops . Matsanancin matakin eutrophication yana bayyana a cikin girma da yawa na ƙananan algae da cyanobacteria, da macrophytes irin su hyacinth na ruwa ( ''Eichhornia crassipes'' ). <ref>Van Ginkel CE, Silberbauer MJ. </ref> Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon karuwar rashin aiki a yawancin ayyukan najasa da ke zubar da birnin Johannesburg, wanda, wanda ba a saba gani ba ga babban birni, ya ratsa magudanar ruwa na nahiyar maimakon ya kasance a kan tafki, kogi ko bakin teku. <ref>Turton, A.R., Schultz, C., Buckle, H, Kgomongoe, M., Malungani, T. & Drackner, M. 2006. </ref> Dam din Hartbeespoort ya zama babban misali na sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba lokacin da yanayin halittun ruwa ya tashi daga kwanciyar hankali amma mai kyawawa, zuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali amma yanayin da ba a so, yana ƙin mafi kyawun shisshigin kimiyya shekaru da yawa. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2015. </ref> Wannan yana haifar da wani ɗan lokaci sakamakon raguwar tsarin tattara bayanai da sarrafa bayanai waɗanda ke taimakawa sarrafa albarkatun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>Turton, A.R. 2016. </ref> Sashen kula da harkokin ruwa da gandun daji na Afirka ta Kudu ya kaddamar da shirin ''Harties metsi a me'' ( ''Harties, My Water'' ) don nemo hanyoyin magance matsalolin ingancin ruwa. Kudaden da gwamnati ta kashe daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2015 domin tsaftace madatsar ruwa da gyara shi da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi al’umma ya kai Naira miliyan 900. Wasu hanyoyin biomanipulation da ake amfani da su ga madatsun ruwa irin su Hartbeesport sun zo ƙarƙashin binciken kimiyya.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hart | first1 = R. C. | last2 = Harding | first2 = W. R. | year = 2015 | title = Impacts of fish on phosphorus budget dynamics of some SA reservoirs: evaluating prospects of 'bottom up' phosphorus reduction in eutrophic systems through fish removal (biomanipulation) | journal = Water SA | volume = 41 | issue = 4| pages = 432–440 | doi = 10.4314/wsa.v41i4.01 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hart |first1=Rob |last2=Matthews |first2=Mark |title=Bioremediation of South Africa's hypertrophic Hartbeespoort Dam: evaluating its effects by comparative analysis of a decade of MERIS satellite data in six control reservoirs |journal=Inland Waters |date=2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=96–108 |doi=10.1080/20442041.2018.1429068 |s2cid=89931314 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/IUGQdAGpRvekcuwQzC85/full |access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Kogin kada (Limpopo) * Hartbeesport Aerial Cableway == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commons category-inline|Hartbeespoort Dam}} * [http://www.dwa.gov.za/Harties/dam.asp Hartbeespoort Dam shafi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301070122/http://www.dwa.gov.za/Harties/dam.asp |date=2012-03-01 }} a Sashen Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ib5dool2sewmgy75rf4b557l73zyesg 0 49114 552090 430417 2024-12-05T08:11:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 552090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Alakar Aljeriya da Tarayyar Turai''' ita ce alakar kasashen waje tsakanin kasar [[Aljeriya]] da kuma [[Tarayyar Turai]].<ref>Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states , foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 27 members controlling their own relations to a large degree. [ citation needed ] However, with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times [ vague ] attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.</ref> == Tarihi == Kasar Aljeriya mamba ce ta Tarayyar Turai a lokacin hadewa da Faransa da kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa. Algeria ta kasance memba a cikin Tarayyar Turai har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da wata yarjejeniya ta fitar da Aljeriya. <ref>Brown, Megan (2022). The Seventh Member State: Algeria, France, and the European Community . Harvard University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-25114-4</nowiki> . Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</ref> == Ciniki == Algeria ta kasance cikin yarjejeniyar ƙungiyoyi da yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci tare da Tarayyar Turai tun a shekarar 2005. <ref name="EC Algeria">"Algeria" . European Commission Trade Policy . European Commission. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2016, kashi 67% na kayayyakin da Aljeriya ke fitarwa sun tafi EU kuma kashi 44% na kayayyakin da Aljeriya ke shigo da su sun fito ne daga EU. <ref name="EC Factograph">"Algeria" (PDF). European Commission . European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> Kayayyakin mai da ma'adinai sun ƙunshi kashi 95.7% na abubuwan da EU ke shigowa daga Aljeriya a cikin shekarar 2017. Sinadaran sune na biyu mafi mahimmancin samfurin da aka fitar, wanda yakai kashi 2.9% na abubuwan da Aljeriya ke fitarwa zuwa EU. <ref name="EC Algeria" /> Babban abubuwan da EU ke fitarwa zuwa Aljeriya sune injina (22.2%), kayan sufuri (13.4%), kayan aikin gona (12.8%), sinadarai (12.8%) da ƙarfe da ƙarfe (10.2%). <ref name="EC Algeria" /> == Kudade da taimako == Aljeriya na karbar Yuro miliyan 108- Yuro miliyan 132 a karkashin kayan aikin makwabta na Turai. <ref name="EC ENI">"Algeria" . European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations . European Commission. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> A halin yanzu ana amfani da kudade don inganta ingantaccen tattalin arziki, gudanar da harkokin tattalin arziki, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, da kuma karfafa dimokuradiyya da rage gurbatar yanayi. <ref name="EC ENI" /> Aljeriya memba ce ta haɗin gwiwar Yuro da Mediterranean. Har ila yau Aljeriya tana samun tallafi a ƙarƙashin Kayan aikin Haɗin kai (DCI), ƙarƙashin shirye-shirye irin su Kayan aikin Turai don Dimokuradiyya da Haƙƙin Dan Adam. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan kudade a ƙarƙashin DCI sun kasance Yuro miliyan 5.5 a shekarar 2015-shekarar 2016. <ref name="EC Factograph" /> Tarayyar Turai na taimaka wa Aljeriya da shigarta cikin [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya|kungiyar kasuwanci ta duniya]], tare da gudanar da tattaunawa na yau da kullun kan ƙaura. == Chronology na dangantaka da EU == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ class="nowrap" |Tsarin lokaci ! Kwanan wata ! Lamarin |- | 1 ga Janairu, 1958 | An kafa Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Turai . |- | 3 ga Yuli, 1962 | Aljeriya ta sami 'yencin kai daga [[Faransa]] bayan yakin Aljeriya . |- | Satumba 2005 | Yarjejeniyar ƙungiyar EU-Algeria ta fara aiki. |- | 7 Maris 2017 | EU da Aljeriya sun ɗauki sabbin ''fifikon haɗin gwiwa'' . <ref name="EC Algeria" /> |} == Manazarta == o8yzlgtq9jxd8c1tqyss66zvusi2ta8 552092 552090 2024-12-05T08:12:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 552092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Alakar Aljeriya da Tarayyar Turai''' ita ce alakar kasashen waje tsakanin kasar [[Aljeriya]] da kuma [[Tarayyar Turai]].<ref>Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states , foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 27 members controlling their own relations to a large degree. [ citation needed ] However, with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times [ vague ] attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.</ref> == Tarihi == Kasar Aljeriya mamba ce ta Tarayyar Turai a lokacin hadewa da kasar Faransa da kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa. Algeria ta kasance memba a cikin Tarayyar Turai har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da wata yarjejeniya ta fitar da Aljeriya. <ref>Brown, Megan (2022). The Seventh Member State: Algeria, France, and the European Community . Harvard University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-25114-4</nowiki> . Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</ref> == Ciniki == Algeria ta kasance cikin yarjejeniyar ƙungiyoyi da yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci tare da Tarayyar Turai tun a shekarar 2005. <ref name="EC Algeria">"Algeria" . European Commission Trade Policy . European Commission. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2016, kashi 67% na kayayyakin da Aljeriya ke fitarwa sun tafi EU kuma kashi 44% na kayayyakin da Aljeriya ke shigo da su sun fito ne daga EU. <ref name="EC Factograph">"Algeria" (PDF). European Commission . European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> Kayayyakin mai da ma'adinai sun ƙunshi kashi 95.7% na abubuwan da EU ke shigowa daga Aljeriya a cikin shekarar 2017. Sinadaran sune na biyu mafi mahimmancin samfurin da aka fitar, wanda yakai kashi 2.9% na abubuwan da Aljeriya ke fitarwa zuwa EU. <ref name="EC Algeria" /> Babban abubuwan da EU ke fitarwa zuwa Aljeriya sune injina (22.2%), kayan sufuri (13.4%), kayan aikin gona (12.8%), sinadarai (12.8%) da ƙarfe da ƙarfe (10.2%). <ref name="EC Algeria" /> == Kudade da taimako == Aljeriya na karbar Yuro miliyan 108- Yuro miliyan 132 a karkashin kayan aikin makwabta na Turai. <ref name="EC ENI">"Algeria" . European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations . European Commission. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> A halin yanzu ana amfani da kudade don inganta ingantaccen tattalin arziki, gudanar da harkokin tattalin arziki, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, da kuma karfafa dimokuradiyya da rage gurbatar yanayi. <ref name="EC ENI" /> Aljeriya memba ce ta haɗin gwiwar Yuro da Mediterranean. Har ila yau Aljeriya tana samun tallafi a ƙarƙashin Kayan aikin Haɗin kai (DCI), ƙarƙashin shirye-shirye irin su Kayan aikin Turai don Dimokuradiyya da Haƙƙin Dan Adam. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan kudade a ƙarƙashin DCI sun kasance Yuro miliyan 5.5 a shekarar 2015-shekarar 2016. <ref name="EC Factograph" /> Tarayyar Turai na taimaka wa Aljeriya da shigarta cikin [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya|kungiyar kasuwanci ta duniya]], tare da gudanar da tattaunawa na yau da kullun kan ƙaura. == Chronology na dangantaka da EU == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ class="nowrap" |Tsarin lokaci ! Kwanan wata ! Lamarin |- | 1 ga Janairu, 1958 | An kafa Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Turai . |- | 3 ga Yuli, 1962 | Aljeriya ta sami 'yencin kai daga [[Faransa]] bayan yakin Aljeriya . |- | Satumba 2005 | Yarjejeniyar ƙungiyar EU-Algeria ta fara aiki. |- | 7 Maris 2017 | EU da Aljeriya sun ɗauki sabbin ''fifikon haɗin gwiwa'' . <ref name="EC Algeria" /> |} == Manazarta == 3ad5kzlruyhgslzidxcbl97dq0kc1li 0 49306 552088 260266 2024-12-05T08:10:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 552088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ==Gabatarwa== '''[[Afirka]]''' ta kasance wata nahiyace da aka sani da arzikin al'adunta, al'adu daban-daban, da al'adun gargajiya masu jan hankali, tana riƙe a cikin iyakokinta wani yanki na sufi da aka sani da sihirin Afirka. Wannan dadadden tsari na imani da aiki da shi ya taka rawar gani wajen tsara rayuwa da ra'ayin duniya na al'ummomin [[Afirka]] shekaru aru-aru<ref>"African Traditional Religion" by Aloysius M. Lugira </ref>. A cikin wannan labarin, mun fara tafiya mai ban sha'awa zuwa duniyar sihiri ta [[Afirka]], muna zurfafa cikin tarihinta, mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, da kuma tasiri mai dorewa a kan masana'antar al'adun nahiyar<ref>African Mythology: A to Z" by Patricia Ann Lynch and Jeremy Roberts</ref>. ==Tarihi== Sihiri na Afirka yana da tushe sosai a cikin tarihi da tsarin imani na kabilu daban-daban na nahiyar. Tun daga tsohuwar wayewar Masar da Nubia zuwa kabilun Afirka ta Yamma da kuma al'ummomin karkara a Kudancin Afirka, an sanya imani na sihiri cikin tsarin al'ummar Afirka. ==Tasiri== Duk da tasirin zamani da kuma yaduwar wasu tsarin addini, sihirin Afirka na ci gaba da mamaye rayuwar 'yan Afirka da yawa. Ya kasance mai zurfi cikin ayyukan al'adu, bukukuwan addini, da al'adun yau da kullun, yana ba da ta'aziyya, warkarwa, da ma'anar haɗi zuwa ga ruhaniya <ref>African Folktales" by Roger D. Abrahams and Leonard W. Doob</ref>. Bugu da ƙari, sihirin Afirka ya sami karɓuwa da godiya a duniya, ya ketare iyakokin ƙasa. Sha'awarta ta sufanci ta ɗauki sha'awar masana, masu fasaha, da masu aiki daga sassa daban-daban, wanda ya kai ga bincike da haɗa al'adun sihiri na Afirka cikin fasaha na zamani, adabi, da shahararrun al'adu<ref>"African Religion: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life" by Laurenti Magesa </ref>. ==Manazarta== 2unzx8niymppxvjddffos9d9aamml61 552089 552088 2024-12-05T08:11:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 552089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ==Gabatarwa== '''[[Afirka]]''' ta kasance wata nahiyace da aka sani da arzikin al'adunta, al'adu daban-daban, da al'adun gargajiya masu jan hankali, tana riƙe a cikin iyakokinta wani yanki na sufi da aka sani da sihirin Afirka. Wannan dadadden tsari na imani da aiki da shi ya taka rawar gani wajen tsara rayuwa da ra'ayin duniya na al'ummomin [[Afirka]] shekaru aru-aru<ref>"African Traditional Religion" by Aloysius M. Lugira </ref>. A cikin wannan labarin, mun fara tafiya mai ban sha'awa zuwa duniyar sihiri ta [[Afirka]], muna zurfafa cikin tarihinta, mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, da kuma tasiri mai dorewa a kan masana'antar al'adun nahiyar<ref>African Mythology: A to Z" by Patricia Ann Lynch and Jeremy Roberts</ref>. ==Tarihi== Sihiri na Afirka yana da tushe sosai a cikin tarihi da tsarin imani na kabilu daban-daban na nahiyar. Tun daga tsohuwar wayewar Masar da Nubia zuwa kabilun Afirka ta Yamma da kuma al'ummomin karkara a Kudancin Afirka, an sanya imani na sihiri cikin tsarin al'ummar Afirka. ==Tasiri== Duk da tasirin zamani da kuma yaduwar wasu tsarin addini, sihirin Afirka na ci gaba da mamaye rayuwar 'yan yankin nahiyar Afirka da yawa. Ya kasance mai zurfi cikin ayyukan al'adu, bukukuwan addini, da al'adun yau da kullun, yana ba da ta'aziyya, warkarwa, da ma'anar haɗi zuwa ga ruhaniya <ref>African Folktales" by Roger D. Abrahams and Leonard W. Doob</ref>. Bugu da ƙari, sihirin Afirka ya sami karɓuwa da godiya a duniya, ya ketare iyakokin ƙasa. Sha'awarta ta sufanci ta ɗauki sha'awar masana, masu fasaha, da masu aiki daga sassa daban-daban, wanda ya kai ga bincike da haɗa al'adun sihiri na Afirka cikin fasaha na zamani, adabi, da shahararrun al'adu<ref>"African Religion: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life" by Laurenti Magesa </ref>. ==Manazarta== gt9q1wmv4ltaqg1staz24pz6j1f2e1p 0 49307 552087 446480 2024-12-05T08:09:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 552087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Henna drawing on dorsal side of hands.jpg|thumb|Lalle / Henna]] '''Jan lalle''' lallen gargajiya yanada matukar amfani Kuma Mata kanyi ado Dashi Domin canza launin fatansu ya koma zuwa ja. Anfiyin amfani da Shi lokacin bikin sallah ko bikin aure ko bikin suna dadea sauran su. fatan za ci gaba da ado da kwalliya me fa'ida da amfani. "Amfanoni sha biyu (12) da Lalle keyi Ga ‘Ya Mace.<ref>https://duniyanfasaha.guidetricks.com/2018/04/amfanoni-sha-biyu-12-da-lalle-keyi-ga-mata.html?m=1</ref><ref>https://duniyanfasaha.guidetricks.com/2018/04/amfanoni-sha-biyu-12-da-lalle-keyi-ga-mata.html?m=1</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 69v804gmtc9ppxbzj3jqzpkqwyfmwi2 0 49328 552085 262757 2024-12-05T08:08:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 552085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} '''Kwalekwalen Dufuna''' wani kwale-kwale ne da aka gano a shekarar 1987 da wani Bafullatani makiyaya ya gano a tazarar kilomita kadan daga kauyen Dufuna da ke cikin karamar hukumar Fune, wanda ba shi da nisa da kogin Komadugu Gana, a jihar Yobe a Najeriya. Radiocarbon da ke nuna samfurin gawayi da aka samu a kusa da wurin ya nuna kwanan wata kwale-kwalen mai shekaru 8,500 zuwa 8,000, yana danganta wurin da tafkin Chadi. Kwalekwalen yana da tsayin mita 8.4 (kafa 28) kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 0.5 ( kafa 1 8inci) a wurin da ya fi girma. A yanzu haka yana Damaturu a Najeriya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} iqlu9ools0f32ecr3s3vo8xv606lzwn 552086 552085 2024-12-05T08:09:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 552086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hujja}} {{Stub}} '''Kwalekwalen Dufuna''' wani kwale-kwale ne da aka gano a shekarar 1987 da wani Bafullatani makiyaya ya gano a tazarar kilomita kadan daga kauyen Dufuna da ke cikin karamar hukumar Fune, wanda ba shi da nisa da kogin Komadugu Gana, a jihar Yobe a Najeriya. Radiocarbon da ke nuna samfurin gawayi da aka samu a kusa da wurin ya nuna kwanan wata kwale-kwalen mai shekaru 8,500 zuwa 8,000, yana danganta wurin da tafkin Chadi. Kwalekwalen yana da tsayin mita 8.4 (kafa 28) kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 0.5 ( kafa 1 8inci) a wurin da ya fi girma. A yanzu haka yana Damaturu a Najeriya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 8awk8qvxaa2kqesfbap44zq93yxn72x 0 49367 552083 437620 2024-12-05T08:07:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 552083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} '''Muhammadu Aminu''' ya kasance Shine Sarkin Zazzau na Sha Bakwai Kuma yaza Ciyaman a Masautar Zazzau,Sannan ya samu Nasarar Alhaji Shuhu Idris Ranar Takwas ga watan Fabrairu shekarar ta 1975. mjw1rcontbduewz0ojgp5hzh86xg5d2 552084 552083 2024-12-05T08:07:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 552084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} '''Muhammadu Aminu''' ya kasance Shine Sarkin Zazzau na Sha Bakwai Kuma yaza Ciyaman a Masautar Zazzau,Sannan ya samu Nasarar Alhaji Shuhu Idris Ranar Takwas ga wataa fabrairu shekara ta alif 1975. juxwpzybadho8m7qf2nzjtrl2tumzew 0 50040 551978 541269 2024-12-05T00:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayeni Adekunle''' ɗan kasuwan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne, marubuci, kuma marubucin bugawa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Black House Media Group, mai hedikwata a Ikeja, Legas, Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ayeni Adekunle: On a Mission to Redefine PR |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/21/ayeni-adekunle-on-a-mission-to-redefine-pr/ |date=21 July 2019 |newspaper=ThisDay}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Why I chose to be a journalist without formal training' -NET newspaper publisher, Ayeni Adekunle |url=http://encomium.ng/classics-why-i-chose-to-be-a-journalist-without-formal-training-net-newspaper-publisher-ayeni-adekunle/ |date=28 February 2012 |newspaper=Encomium |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=31 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731071137/http://encomium.ng/classics-why-i-chose-to-be-a-journalist-without-formal-training-net-newspaper-publisher-ayeni-adekunle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fage da farkon aiki == Ayeni Adekunle ya fito ne daga [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatun Firamare da Sakandare a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], sannan kuma ya yi karatun Jami’a a Jami’ar Ibadan ta [[Ibadan]] [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] inda ya yi digirin farko na Kimiyya (B.Sc) a fannin Microbiology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Am I? |url=http://ayenithegreat.ng/who-am-i/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |archive-date=2015-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303202402/http://ayenithegreat.ng/who-am-i/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=From Sciences to Publicity |url=http://www.cre8tiventreps.com/from-sciences-to-publicity/ |author=Adewole Ajao |date=11 August 2014 |newspaper=Cre8tiveEntreps |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132405/http://www.cre8tiventreps.com/from-sciences-to-publicity/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Ibadan, ya shiga ''Encomium Weekly'' a matsayin mawallafin zane-zane, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin editan fasali tare da Mujallar Hip Hop ta Duniya . Daga nan sai ya koma [[This Day|ThisDay]], daga nan ya shiga jaridar The Punch a matsayin marubuci a watan Yuli 2008.</ref> After graduating from the University of Ibadan, he joined ''Encomium Weekly'' as a showbiz columnist, having had a stint as a feature editor with [[Hip Hop World Magazine]]. He then moved to [[ThisDay]], after which he joined [[The Punch]] as a columnist in July 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thenetng/BHM Founder, 'Ayeni The Great' Speaks To Pulse |url=http://pulse.ng/gist/thenetng-bhm-founder-ayeni-the-great-speaks-to-pulse-com-ng-id2505357.html |date=27 November 2014 |website=Pulse |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423045845/http://pulse.ng/gist/thenetng-bhm-founder-ayeni-the-great-speaks-to-pulse-com-ng-id2505357.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasuwanci == Ayeni Adekunle ya bar jaridar The Punch don nemo Nigeria Entertainment A Yau (NET), jarida da gidan yanar gizo wanda aka keɓe musamman don ba da rahotannin nishaɗi a Najeriya da Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=After 2 years, Adekunle Ayeni, Nigerian Entertainment Today Publisher shares his success story |url=http://olorisupergal.com/after-2-years-adekunle-ayeni-nigerian-entertainment-today-publisher-shares-his-success-story-at-the-creativesessions/ |date=26 April 2012 |website=Olori Supergal }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=About Nigerian Entertainment Today Adekunle |url=http://thenet.ng/about/ |date=28 February 2012 |newspaper=NET}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin ya zama dandamali na kan layi kuma ana yiwa lakabi da ''TheNETng'' . Shi ne mai gabatar da ''taron Nishaɗi na Najeriya'' NEC Live, "taron tattaunawa na shekara-shekara na masu nishadantarwa na Najeriya da aka zana daga kowane fanni na masana'antar kere kere, kafofin watsa labarai da masu tsara manufofin tattalin arziki wanda ke tattauna batutuwan ci gaban masana'antu." Ayeni ya kafa Black House Media a cikin 2006 don ayyukan hulɗar jama'a. Kamfanin ya haɓaka zuwa haɗin gwiwa tare da rassa kamar: ID Africa, Plaqad, Neusroom, 234Star, NET, Orin,<ref>{{cite news |title=ORIN, The Music Streaming Service For Nigerian And African Music |url=https://techpoint.africa/2015/04/22/orin-the-music-streaming-service-for-nigerian-and-african-music/ |date=22 April 2015 |author=Odunayo Eweniyi |newspaper=TechPoint}}</ref> NET Shop da NEC. A cikin 2012, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar masu haɓaka software da abun ciki a cikin [Najeriya] don buɗe BHM App, app na masana hulɗa da jama'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ayeni Adekunle's BHM Launches Nigeria's First PR App |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/ayeni-adekunle-bhm-launches-nigerias-first-pr-app/ |date=5 August 2014 |newspaper=SabiNews |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722224916/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/ayeni-adekunle-bhm-launches-nigerias-first-pr-app/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ayeni: PR is About the Truth Well Told |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/ayeni-pr-is-about-the-truth-well-told/190335/ |author=Raheem Akingbolu |date=2 October 2014 |newspaper=ThisDay |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123534/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/ayeni-pr-is-about-the-truth-well-told/190335/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Trending Market |url=http://brandsmart.com.ng/news/trending-markets/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150309095946/http://brandsmart.com.ng/news/trending-markets/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-03-09 |newspaper=BrandsMart }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BHM Group Announces The Launch of Pan-African Digital Agency |url=http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2015/03/02/bhm-group-announces-the-launch-of-pan-african-digital-agency/ |date=2 March 2015 |newspaper=Connect Nigeria |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093258/http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2015/03/02/bhm-group-announces-the-launch-of-pan-african-digital-agency/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= BHM Group announces the launch of Pan-African Digital Agency |url= http://encomium.ng/bhm-group-announces-the-launch-of-pan-african-digital-agency/ |date=27 February 2015 |newspaper=Encomium}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == An bayyana shi a cikin Mujallar Forbes Africa a matsayin "daya daga cikin majagaba da suka jagoranci Najeriya zuwa zamanin dijital-farko dabarun sadarwa na Marketing",<ref>{{cite news|title=NIPR awards Ayeni Adekunle, BHM, Zakariyau |url=https://punchng.com/nipr-awards-ayeni-adekunle-bhm-zakariyau/ |date=23 December 2017 |newspaper=Punch}}</ref> Ayeni aka nada a Nigeria PR Practitioner of the Year a 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=AFRICA'S GROWING PR AND ADVERTISING INDUSTRIES AND THE TITANS LEADING THE CHARGE |url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20-page-Supplement-final-digital.pdf |access-date=2 November 2020 |newspaper=Forbes |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110151316/https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20-page-Supplement-final-digital.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan shekarar ne hukumar kula da hulda da jama’a ta Najeriya (NIPR) reshen jihar Legas ta bayyana kamfaninsa mai suna Black House Media a matsayin wanda ya lashe lambobin yabo guda biyu: - Hukumar da ta fi kowacce shekara da kuma hukumar da ta yi aiki. Wani kamfani nasa, ID Africa, ya fito a matsayin Mafi kyawun Hukumar PR don Amfani da Sabbin Kafofin watsa labarai a cikin 2018, a wannan shekarar BHM ta sami lambar yabo ta PR Agency of the Year a lambar yabo ta Brandcom. A shekarar 2019, Ayeni Adekunle ya samu lambar yabo ta Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Marketing (NIMN) "saboda irin gudunmawar da ya bayar a harkar talla."<ref>{{cite news|title=BHM CEO, Adekunle, Becomes NIMN Fellow |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/08/12/bhm-ceo-adekunle-becomes-nimn-fellow/ |date=12 August 2019 |author=Raheem Akingbolu |newspaper=ThisDay}}</ref> == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.ayenithegreat.ng Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814151309/https://ayenithegreat.ng/ |date=2019-08-14 }} * [https://www.forbesafrica.com/brand-voice/2019/09/02/africas-growing-pr-and-advertising-industries-and-the-titans-leading-the-charge/ Forbes Tarihin Rayuwar Afirka] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yan kasuwa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan kasuwa]] sypd5162xbijo1o0w20816746eeju9q 0 50475 551976 312998 2024-12-04T23:24:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Arlene Alda''' ( née '''Weiss''' ; an haifeta a watan Maris 12, shekara ta 1933) mawaƙiyar Amurka ce, [[Photography|mai daukar hoto]] kuma marubuciya. Ta fara aikinta na wasa clarinet da fasaha, sannan ta koma daukar hoto da rubuta littattafan yara. Ta auri dan wasan kwaikwayo Alan Alda . == Rayuwarta ta farko == An haifi Alda '''Arlene Weiss''' a cikin Bronx, [[New York (birni)|New York City]] ga iyayen Yahudawa. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Evander Childs da Kwalejin Hunter, ta kammala karatunta a cikin Janairu shekara ta 1954 a matsayin babbar mawaƙiya, Phi Beta Kappa, Cum Laude . Ta zama memba na National Orchestra, horar da makada, wanda Leon Barzin ke gudanarwa. Ta kuma yi karatu clarinet tare da Abraham Goldstein da Leon Russianoff, zama memba na Houston Symphony Orchestra, wasan mataimakiya na farko clarinet da bass clarinet a karkashin sanda na Leopold Stokowski . <ref name="bronxm" /> Weiss ta buga clarinet na farko a cikin Orchestra na Ridgefield. Ta cigaba da sha'awar daukar hoto ta hanyar yin karatu tare da Mort Shapiro da Lou Bernstein, a ƙarshe canza ayyukan aiki da zama mai daukar hoto da marubuciya.A matsayin mai daukar hoto, Alda tana da nunin mutum ɗaya da yawa, ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin Gidan Nikon a Birnin New York da Mark Humphrey Gallery a Southampton, New York. A matsayin mai daukar hoto mai zaman kansa, Hotunanta sun bayyana a cikin ''Asabar Maraice Post'', ''Vogue'', ''Mujallar Jama'a'', ''Mujallar Rayuwa'', da Mujallar Lafiya ''ta Yau'', wanda ta karbi lambar yabo ta Chicago Graphics Communications Award don rubutun hotonta, "Allison's Tonsillectomy". == Ayyukanta na adabi == Alda ita marubuciyar littattafan yara ne15,{{When|date=July 2020}} ciki har da mafi kyawun mai siyar, ''Tumaki, Tumaki, Taimaka Ni Faɗuwar Barci'' (Littattafai na kwana biyu don Matasa Masu Karatu, 1992), ''Arlene Alda's 1,2,3'' (Tricycle Press 1998), wanda ya ci nasarar Laburaren Laburare na Amurka, ''Littafin ZZZs'' (Tundra 2005), ''Kun ce Pears?'' (Tundra 2006) kuma ''Ban da Launi Grey'' (Tundra 2011). Ta kuma rubuta shahararriyar ''Hurry Granny Annie'' (An buga ta Tricycle Press a 1999) da kuma ''Rike Bus'' (An buga ta Troll Press a 1996), ''Iris Yana da Cutar'' (2008) da ''Lulu's Piano Lesson'' (2010). Da yawa, amma ba duka ba, a aikinta na marubuciya, ta samar da nata hoton kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin littattafan 'ya'yanta. <ref>[http://www.arlenealda.com/ "Arlene Alda's official website"]</ref> Hakanan ana wakilta ta acikin tarihin tarihin hoto, ''Matan hangen nesa'', da ''Soho Gallery 2'' . Alda itace marubuciyar ''On Set'' (Fireside/Simon da Schuster 1981) wanda aka kwatanta da sama da ɗari na hotunanta da ''Kwanakin Ƙarshe na Mash'' (Unicorn, a shekara ta 1983) tare da hotunanta Alda kuma tareda mijinta, Alan Alda. Littafinta na baya-bayan nan, ''Just Kids daga Bronx'' (Henry Holt and Co. Maris 2015.) Tarihin Baka na hirarraki 64 da fitattun Bronxites. Masu bada labari sun hada da Al Pacino, Regis Philbin, Colin Powell, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Mary Higgins Clark, Avery Corman, Chazz Palminteri, TATS CRU Graffiti Artists, Grandmaster Melle Mel, da sauransu, daga shekaru 93 zuwa shekaru 23. == Rayuwarta ta ta sirri == Arlene ta auri dan wasan kwaikwayo Alan Alda . Sunyi aure a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1957, kuma suna da ’ya’ya mata uku, Hauwa’u (b. 1958), Elizabeth (b. 1960), da Beatrice (b. 1961), da kuma jikoki takwas. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == An karrama Alda a matsayin Sabon Gidan Yahudawa Sama da Galatai Tamanin na shekara ta 2015. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==   * {{Official website|http://arlenealda.com/}} * [http://us.macmillan.com/author/arlenealda Arlene Alda] at Macmillan * {{IMDb name|nm1683901}} * [http://justkidsfromthebronx.com ''Just Kids From the Bronx''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423015223/https://www.justkidsfromthebronx.com/ |date=2023-04-23 }} *   [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] s32desm91eka2u4r6nxnayr620ulaye 0 50609 551719 475754 2024-12-04T14:09:09Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:KAREN_GERSHON.jpg|thumb|Karen Gershon]] [[Fayil:KAREN GERSHON.jpg|thumb|Karen Gershon]] '''Karen Gershon''', an haife ta ranar (ishirin da tara ga watan Augusta shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ishirin da uku zuwa ishirin da hudu ga watan Maris) '''Kaethe Loewenthal'''&#x2013;marubuciya kuma mawaƙiya yar kasar [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ce haifaffiyar [[Jamus]] . Ta kuma tsere zuwa Burtaniya a watan Disamba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas. Littafin ta ''We came as Children: A Collective Autobiography'' yana amfani da adadin shaidun jigilar kaya don gina asusu guda. <ref>J. M. Ritchie, work cited, page 4</ref> [[Fayil:RIT NandE Vol13Num16 1981 Apr23 Complete.pdf|thumb]] Daya daga cikin wakokinta da aka fi sani, ''ba na nan'', ta bayyana yadda ta ji laifin rashin kasancewarta a lokacin da ‘yan Nazi suka kashe iyayenta. == Ayyuka == [[File:Unveiling_of_the_Kindertransport_memorial_plaque_and_bench_(5514246578).jpg|thumb| Alamar tunawa a Harwich zuwa Kindertransport, ya haɗa da "Ubana" na Gershon]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1923]] 9xn3zfhmhm8xv0ntuagbh9j681tizdp 0 51307 551950 544493 2024-12-04T21:09:51Z Wikiabdull 29964 Nayi gyara 551950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rejets polluants dans la ville de Douala 21.jpg|thumb|hanyan ruwa mara kyau]] [[Fayil:CoalcliffICC.jpg|thumb|Coal shuka a Ostiraliya. Konewar kwal yana samar da carbon dioxide, tare da adadin sulfur dioxide daban-daban.]] [[File:Litter.JPG|thumb|Tattin bola a bakin tekun [[Guyana]]]]   '''Gurbatar yanayi''' shine shigar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin yanayi wanda ke haifar da canji mara kyau. Gurbacewa na iya ɗaukar nau'in kowane abu kamar ( ruwa, ko gas). ko [[makamashi]] (kamar rediyo, zafi, sauti, ko haske). Masu gurɓatawa, abubuwan ƙazanta, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na waje ko gurɓataccen yanayi. Ko da yake ana iya haifar da gurɓacewar muhalli ta al'amuran yanayi, kalmar ƙazanta gabaɗaya tana nuna cewa gurɓataccen abu yana da tushen ɗan adam - wato tushen da ayyukan ɗan adam suka ƙirƙira. Ana lasafta gurɓataccen abu a matsayin tushen gurɓataccen wuri ko [[Gurbataccen yanayi|gurɓataccen tushe]]. A shekarar 2015, gurɓataccen yanayi ya kashe mutane miliyan tara (9) a duniya. Lalacewa ita ce shigar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin yanayi wanda ke haifar da mummunan canji. Gurbacewa na iya ɗaukar nau'in kowane abu (m, ruwa, ko gas). ko [[makamashi]] (kamar rediyo, zafi, sauti, ko haske). Abubuwan gurɓatawa, abubuwan gurɓatawa, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na waje ko gurɓataccen yanayi. Manyan nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska, gurɓataccen haske, datti, gurɓataccen hayaniya, gurɓataccen filastik, gurɓataccen [[Gurɓatar ƙasa|ƙasa, gurɓataccen]] radiyo, gurɓataccen yanayi, gurɓacewar gani, da gurɓacewar ruwa . Ko da yake ana iya haifar da gurɓacewar muhalli ta abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, kalmar gurɓatawa gabaɗaya tana nuna cewa gurɓataccen abu yana da tushen ɗan adam - wato tushen da ayyukan ɗan adam ya ƙirƙira, kamar masana'antu, masana'antu masu cirewa, rashin sarrafa shara, sufuri ko noma. Ana rarraba gurɓata sau da yawa azaman tushen ma'ana (wanda ke fitowa daga takamaiman wurin da aka fi mayar da hankali, kamar masana'anta ko nawa) ko gurɓataccen tushen tushe (wanda ke fitowa daga tushen da aka rarraba, kamar microplastics ko zubar da ruwa). == Siffofin gurbatar yanayi == [[File:Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow,_06.08.2010.JPG|thumb| Wani hayaki a tsakiyar [[Moscow|Moscow, Rasha]] a watan Agusta 2010]] An jera manyan nau'ikan gurɓatawa a ƙasa tare da takamaiman gurɓatattun abubuwan da suka dace da kowannensu: * Gurbacewar iska : sakin sinadarai da barbashi cikin yanayi. Abubuwan gurɓataccen iskar gas na yau da kullun sun haɗa da carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) da nitrogen oxides waɗanda masana'antu da motocin ke samarwa. Photochemical ozone da smog an halicce su yayin da nitrogen oxides da hydrocarbons ke amsawa ga hasken rana. Ƙaƙƙarfan kwayoyin halitta, ko ƙura mai laushi yana da alamar girman su na micrometer PM ₁₀ zuwa PM _2.5 . * Electromagnetic pollution : da yawa daga electromagnetic radiation a cikin wadanda ba ionizing siffar, kamar rediyo waves, da dai sauransu, cewa mutane kullum fallasa su, musamman a manyan birane. Har yanzu ba a san ko waɗannan nau'ikan radiation suna da wani tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam ba ko a'a. * Lalacewar haske : ya haɗa da keta haske, yawan haske da tsangwama a sararin samaniya . * Littering : mai laifi jefa abubuwan da ba su dace da mutum ba, ba a cire su ba, kan kadarorin jama'a da na sirri. * Gurbacewar amo: wanda ya ƙunshi hayaniyar hanya, hayaniyar jirgin sama, hayaniyar masana'antu gami da ƙarar sonar . * Gurbacewar filastik: ya haɗa da tarin samfuran filastik da microplastics a cikin mahallin da ke cutar da namun daji, mazaunin namun daji, ko mutane. * [[Gurɓatar ƙasa|Gurɓataccen ƙasa]] yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka fitar da sinadarai ta hanyar zubewa ko zubar da ƙasa. Daga cikin mafi mahimmancin [[Gurɓatar ƙasa|gurɓataccen ƙasa]] akwai hydrocarbons, ƙarfe masu nauyi, MTBE, <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/water.htm#concerns Concerns about MTBE] from [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. EPA]] website</ref> herbicides, magungunan kashe qwari da chlorinated hydrocarbons . * Gurɓataccen rediyo, wanda ya samo asali daga ayyukan ƙarni na 20 a cikin ilimin kimiyyar atomatik, kamar samar da makamashin nukiliya da binciken makaman nukiliya, ƙira da turawa. (Dubi alpha emitters da [[Ayyukan radiyo na muhalli|actinides a cikin muhalli]] . ) * [[Gurbacewar yanayi]], shine canjin zafin jiki a jikin ruwa na halitta wanda tasirin ɗan adam ke haifarwa, kamar amfani da ruwa azaman sanyaya a cikin tashar wutar lantarki. * Gurbacewar gani, wanda zai iya nuni ga kasancewar layukan wutar lantarki na sama, allunan talla na babbar hanya, tarkacen filayen ƙasa (kamar daga ma'adinan tsiri ), buɗaɗɗen ajiyar shara, [[Datti da sharar gida|ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida]] ko tarkacen sararin samaniya . * Gurbacewar ruwa, ta hanyar fitar da ruwan sha na masana'antu daga sharar kasuwanci da [[Sharar masana'antu|masana'antu]] (da gangan ko ta zube) cikin ruwan saman ; fitar da najasa da ba a kula da su ba, da gurɓatattun sinadarai, irin su chlorine, daga najasar da aka yi da ita; sakin [[Shara|sharar gida]] da gurɓataccen abu a cikin [[Kwararar ruwa|ruwan sama da]] ke kwarara zuwa saman ruwa (ciki har da ɓarkewar birane da na noma, waɗanda za su iya ƙunshi takin sinadari da magungunan kashe qwari ; gami [[Kashin mutum|da najasar ɗan adam]] daga bayan gida a buɗe - har yanzu babbar matsala ce a yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa ); gurbatar ruwan karkashin kasa daga zubar da sharar gida da zubewa cikin kasa, ciki har da daga latrine na [[Shaddar gargajiya|rami]] da tankunan ruwa ; eutrophication da sharar gida. ==Masu gurɓatawa==   [[File:Canal-pollution.jpg|thumb| Canal Lachine a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], Kanada.]] [[File:Yellow_Fish.jpg|thumb| Magudanar ruwan shuɗi da alamar kifin rawaya da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke amfani da ita don wayar da kan jama'a game da illolin gurɓataccen magudanar ruwa.]] Gurbataccen abu ne da ke lalata iska, ruwa, ko ƙasa. Abubuwa uku ne ke tabbatar da tsananin gurɓataccen abu: yanayin sinadaransa, yawan tattarawa, wurin da abin ya shafa da kuma dagewa. == Mafari da Sanadi == [[File:Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution's_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv|left|thumb|Gurɓatacciyat iskar da jirgin ruwa wanda ke jawo ɗumamar yanayi.]] Gurbacewar iska ta fito daga tushe na halitta da na ɗan adam (anthropogenic). Koyaya, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi a duniya daga konewa, gine-gine, hakar ma'adinai, noma da yaƙi suna ƙara yin tasiri a cikin ma'aunin gurɓataccen iska. <ref>Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972</ref> Fitar da ababen [[Fitar gurbataccen hayakin gas|hawa]] na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa gurbatar iska. <ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2006/publications/drs/atmosphere/issue/188/index.html State of the Environment, Issue: Air Quality] ([[Australia|Australian]] Government website page)</ref> [[Gurbacewar muhalli a ƙasar Sin|China]], Amurka, Rasha, Indiya Mexico, da Japan sune jagororin duniya wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata iska. Babban tushen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu guba, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kwal, matatun mai, tsire-tsire na petrochemical, aikin zubar da sharar nukiliya, incinerators, manyan gonakin dabbobi (sanan kiwo, aladu, kiwon kaji, da sauransu. ), masana'antun PVC, masana'antar samar da karafa, masana'antar filastik, da sauran masana'antu masu nauyi . Gurbacewar iska ta noma ta fito ne daga al'adun zamani waɗanda suka haɗa da saran sarewa da kona ciyayi da kuma fesa magungunan kashe qwari da maganin ciyawa <ref>''Silent Spring'', R Carlson, 1962</ref> Kimanin metric ton miliyan 400 na [[Sharar gida mai haɗari|sharar gida masu haɗari]] ana samarwa kowace shekara. Amurka kadai tana samar da kusan tan miliyan 250. Amirkawa sun ƙunshi ƙasa da kashi 5% na yawan mutanen duniya, amma suna samar da kusan kashi 25% na CO na duniya, kuma suna samar da kusan kashi 30% na [[Shara|sharar duniya]] . <ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2006/08/31/alarm_sounds_on_us_population_boom/ Alarm sounds on US population boom]. August 31, 2006. The Boston Globe.</ref> A cikin 2007, [[Sin|China]] ta mamaye Amurka a matsayin babbar mai samar da CO , <ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/jun/19/china.usnews China overtakes US as world's biggest {{CO2}} emitter]". Guardian.co.uk. Yuni 19 ga wata, shekara ta 2007.</ref> yayin da har yanzu ta yi nisa a baya bisa la'akari da gurbatar muhalli (wanda ke matsayi na 78 a cikin al'ummomin duniya). <ref>"[http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/top2008.cap Ranking of the world's countries by 2008 per capita fossil-fuel CO2 emission rates.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927213509/http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/top2008.cap |date=2011-09-27 }}". CDIAC. 2008.</ref> [[File:Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG|thumb| Wani yanki na masana'antu, mai tashar wutar lantarki, kudu da tsakiyar garin Yangzhou, [[Sin|kasar Sin]]]] <nowiki></br></nowiki>Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan gurɓataccen [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] sune chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), ƙarfe masu nauyi (kamar chromium, cadmium - samuwa a cikin batura masu caji, da gubar - ana samun su a cikin fenti na gubar, man jirgin sama da har yanzu a wasu ƙasashe, man fetur ), MTBE, zinc, arsenic da benzene . A shekara ta 2001 jerin rahotannin manema labaru da suka ƙare a cikin wani littafi mai suna ''Fateful Harvest'' sun bayyana wata al'ada da ta yaɗu ta hanyar sake sarrafa kayayyakin masana'antu zuwa taki, wanda ya haifar da gurɓata ƙasa da ƙarafa daban-daban. Wuraren shara na yau da kullun na birni sune tushen yawancin abubuwan sinadarai da ke shiga cikin [[Wajen zubar da shara|ƙasa]] (kuma galibi ruwan ƙasa), waɗanda ke fitowa daga nau'ikan ƙima iri-iri, musamman abubuwan da aka jefar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a can, ko kuma daga wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa kafin 1970 waɗanda wataƙila ba su da iko sosai a ciki. Amurka ko EU. Hakanan an sami wasu abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na dibenzodioxins na polychlorinated, waɗanda aka fi sani da ''dioxins'' don sauƙi, kamar TCDD . Gurbacewar yanayi kuma na iya zama sakamakon bala'i. Misali, guguwa sau da yawa kan hada da gurbacewar ruwa daga najasa, da zubewar sinadarin petrochemical daga fashewar jiragen ruwa ko [[Mota|motoci]] . Babban ma'auni da lalacewar muhalli ba bakon abu ba ne lokacin da ake hada ma'aikatan man fetur ko matatun mai a bakin teku. Wasu hanyoyin gurɓatawa, kamar tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ko tankunan mai, na iya haifar da yaɗuwa da yuwuwar sakin haɗari lokacin da hatsari suka faru. A cikin yanayin gurbatar amo babban tushen ajin shine abin hawa, wanda ke samar da kusan kashi casa'in na duk hayaniya maras so a duniya. ==Fitar da iskar gas== [[File:CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png|thumb| Tarihi da hasashen iskar CO ₂ ta ƙasa (kamar na shekarar 2005).<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Source: Hukumar Kula da Makamashi. <ref>[http://rainforests.mongabay.com/09-carbon_emissions.htm Carbon dioxide emissions chart] (graph on Mongabay website page based on Energy Information Administration's tabulated data)</ref>]] Carbon dioxide, yayin da yake da muhimmanci ga photosynthesis, wani lokaci ana kiransa gurɓatacce, saboda yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi yana shafar yanayin duniya. Rushewar muhalli kuma na iya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin wuraren gurɓacewar muhalli waɗanda galibi za a keɓe su daban, kamar na ruwa da iska. Nazarin kwanan nan sun bincika yuwuwar haɓakar matakan haɓakar carbon dioxide na yanayi na dogon lokaci don haifar da ɗanɗano kaɗan amma haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin acidity na ruwan teku, da yuwuwar tasirin wannan akan yanayin yanayin ruwa. A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2007, wani rahoto da [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Hukumar Kula da Canjin Yanayi]] (IPCC) ta yi, wanda ke wakiltar aikin masana kimiyya, masana tattalin arziki, da masu tsara manufofi 2,500 daga kasashe fiye da 120, ya tabbatar da cewa mutane ne suka zama sanadin dumamar yanayi tun shekara ta 1950. Wani babban rahoton yanayi ya kammala, mutane suna da hanyoyin da za su rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da kuma guje wa illar dumamar yanayi. Amma don sauya yanayin, sauyin yanayi daga albarkatun mai kamar kwal da mai na bukatar faruwa cikin shekaru da dama, bisa ga rahoton karshe na wannan shekara daga kwamitin sulhu na MDD kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC). == Tasiri == ==Lafiyar dan Adam== [[File:Health_effects_of_pollution.png|thumb| Bayanin babban illolin kiwon lafiya akan ɗan adam daga wasu nau'ikan gurɓatawar yanayi. ]] Rashin ingancin iska na iya kashe kwayoyin halitta da yawa, gami da mutane. Gurbacewar Ozone na iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi, [[Cutar zuciya|cututtukan zuciya]], kumburin makogwaro, ciwon kirji, da cunkoso . Gurbacewar ruwa na janyo mutuwar mutane kusan 14,000 a kowace rana, akasari saboda gurbatar ruwan sha ta hanyar najasa da ba a kula da su ba a kasashe masu tasowa . Kimanin [[Indiya|Indiyawa]] miliyan 500 ba su da damar shiga bandaki mai kyau, Sama da mutane miliyan goma a Indiya sun kamu da rashin lafiya ta ruwa a cikin 2013, kuma mutane 1,535 suka mutu, yawancinsu yara. Kusan Sinawa miliyan 500 ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha. <ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/world/asia/26china.html As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes]". The New York Times. Agusta 26 ga wata, shekara ta 2007.</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2010 ya nuna cewa mutane miliyan 1.2 ne ke mutuwa da wuri kowace shekara a [[Sin|kasar Sin]] saboda gurbacewar iska. Yawan hayakin da kasar Sin ta dade tana fuskanta na iya yin illa ga jikin fararen hula tare da haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Hukumar ta [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] ta yi kiyasin a shekara ta 2007 cewa gurbacewar iska na janyo mutuwar rabin miliyan a kowace shekara a Indiya. <ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/07/070709-china-pollution.html Chinese Air Pollution Deadliest in World, Report Says]. National Geographic News. July 9, 2007.</ref> Bincike ya yi kiyasin cewa adadin mutanen da ake kashewa kowace shekara a Amurka zai iya wuce 50,000. Zubewar mai na iya haifar da haushin fata da rashes . Gurbacewar amo yana haifar [[Rashin ji|da asarar ji]], [[hawan jini]], damuwa, da tashin hankali barci . An danganta [[Guba na Mercury|Mercury]] da raunin ci gaba a cikin yara da alamun cututtukan neurologic . Tsofaffi sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka da gurɓacewar iska ke haifarwa . Wadanda ke da cututtukan zuciya ko huhu suna cikin ƙarin haɗari. Yara da jarirai kuma suna cikin haɗari mai tsanani. An nuna gubar da sauran karafa masu nauyi na haifar da matsalolin jijiyoyin jiki. Abubuwan sinadarai da rediyoaktif na iya haifar da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] da kuma lahani na haihuwa. Wani bincike da hukumar Lancet ta gudanar a watan Oktoban shekarar 2017 da hukumar kula da gurbatar yanayi da lafiya ta gudanar ya gano cewa gurbacewar yanayi a duniya, musamman iska mai guba, ruwa, kasa da wuraren aiki, na kashe mutane miliyan tara a duk shekara, wanda ya ninka adadin mace-macen da cutar AIDS, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro ke haddasawa a hade, da kuma Sau 15 ya fi yawan mace-macen da yaƙe-yaƙe ke haifarwa da sauran nau'ikan tashin hankalin ɗan adam. Binciken ya kammala da cewa " gurɓata yanayi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta a zamanin Anthropocene . Gurbacewar yanayi na barazana ga zaman lafiyar tsarin tallafi na duniya kuma yana barazana ga ci gaba da rayuwar al'ummomin bil'adama." == Muhalli== [[File:Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg|thumb| Babban facin facin Pacific]] An gano gurɓataccen abu a cikin [[Biophysical environment|muhalli]] . Akwai illoli da dama na wannan: * Biomagnification yana kwatanta yanayi inda gubobi (kamar ƙarfe mai nauyi ) na iya wucewa ta matakan trophic, ya zama mai da hankali sosai a cikin tsari.[[File:CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg|thumb|190x190px| Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide ta duniya ta ikon hukuma (kamar na 2015)]] * Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide yana haifar da acidification na teku, raguwar ci gaba a cikin pH na tekunan Duniya yayin da CO ke narkewa. * Fitar da iskar iskar gas na haifar da [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]] wanda ke shafar yanayin halittu ta hanyoyi da dama. * Nau'in cin zarafi na iya ƙetare nau'ikan 'yan ƙasa da rage bambancin halittu . Tsire-tsire masu cin zarafi na iya ba da gudummawar tarkace da ƙwayoyin halittu ( allelopathy ) waɗanda za su iya canza ƙasa da abubuwan haɗin sinadarai na yanayi, galibi suna rage gasa ga nau'in 'yan asalin. * Ana cire sinadarin Nitrogen oxides daga iska ta ruwan sama da kuma takin ƙasa wanda zai iya canza nau'in halittun halittu. * Smog da hazo na iya rage yawan hasken rana da tsire-tsire ke karɓa don aiwatar da photosynthesis kuma yana haifar da samar da ozone mai zafi mai zafi wanda ke lalata tsire-tsire. * Ƙasa na iya zama marar haihuwa kuma ba ta dace da tsire-tsire ba. Wannan zai shafi sauran kwayoyin halitta a cikin gidan yanar gizon abinci . * Sulfur dioxide da nitrogen oxides na iya haifar da ruwan sama na acid wanda ke rage darajar pH na ƙasa. * Gurbacewar yanayi na magudanan ruwa na iya rage matakan iskar oxygen da rage bambancin nau'in. Wani bincike na shekarar 2022 da aka buga a ''Kimiyyar Muhalli &amp;amp; Fasaha'' ya gano cewa matakan gurɓatar sinadarai na ɗan adam sun wuce iyakokin duniya kuma yanzu suna yin barazana ga duk yanayin halittu a duniya. ==Bayanan lafiyar muhalli == Shirin Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Programme (TEHIP) a Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Amurka (NLM) tana kula da cikakkiyar ilimin guba da gidan yanar gizon lafiyar muhalli wanda ya haɗa da samun damar samun albarkatun da TEHIP ke samarwa da kuma wasu hukumomi da kungiyoyi na gwamnati. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya ƙunshi hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo zuwa bayanan bayanai, litattafai, koyawa, da sauran albarkatun kimiyya da mabukaci. TEHIP kuma ita ce ke da alhakin Cibiyar Bayanan Toxicology (TOXNET) tsarin haɗin gwiwar toxicology da bayanan lafiyar muhalli waɗanda ke samuwa kyauta akan gidan yanar gizon. TOXMAP shine Tsarin Bayanan Kasa (GIS) wanda ke cikin TOXNET. TOXMAP yana amfani da taswirori na Amurka don taimakawa masu amfani su gano bayanai na gani daga Hukumar Kariyar Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) Abubuwan Sakin Guba da Shirye-shiryen Bincike na Musamman na Superfund . == Laifi == Wani bincike na shekarar 2021 ya gano cewa fallasa gurɓata yanayi yana haifar da haɓakar laifukan tashin hankali. ==Sakamakon makaranta == Wata takarda ta 2019 ta danganta gurbacewar yanayi da sakamako mara kyau ga yara. ==Yawan aiki na ma'aikata == Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa gurbatar yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri akan yawan aiki na ma'aikata na cikin gida da waje. == Ka'ida da saka idanu == Domin kare muhalli daga illar gurbacewar yanayi, kasashe da dama a duniya sun kafa doka don daidaita nau'o'in gurbatar yanayi tare da rage illar gurbatar yanayi. == Kula da gurbataccen yanayi == [[File:Litter_trap.jpg|thumb| Tarkon datti ya kama sharar da ke iyo a cikin Kogin Yarra, gabas ta tsakiya Victoria, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]]] [[File:Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg|thumb| Tsarin kula da gurbataccen iska, wanda aka sani da Thermal oxidizer, yana lalata iskar gas mai haɗari daga magudanan iska na masana'antu a masana'anta a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka ta Amurka]] .]] [[File:Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg|thumb| Mai tara kura a Pristina, Kosovo]] [[File:Vapor_Recovery_Device.JPG|right|thumb| Bututun iskar gas tare da dawo da tururi]] [[File:PollutionCheck_Banner.jpg|thumb| Motar Kariya ta Waya a [[Indiya]] .]] [[File:Air_pollution_control_rto.jpg|thumb|200x200px| Thermal oxidizers tsarkake [[Masana'anta|masana'antu]] iska kwarara.]] Kula da gurɓata yanayi kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa muhalli . Yana nufin sarrafa fitar da hayaki da magudanar ruwa a cikin iska, ruwa ko ƙasa. Idan ba tare da kula da gurɓata yanayi ba, abubuwan [[Shara|sharar gida]] daga cunkoson jama'a, dumama, noma, ma'adinai, masana'antu, sufuri da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam, ko sun taru ko kuma sun watse, za su lalata [[Biophysical environment|muhalli]] . A cikin tsarin sarrafawa, rigakafin gurɓatawa da [[Rage shara|rage sharar gida]] sun fi sha'awa fiye da sarrafa gurɓatawa. A fannin raya kasa, samar da karamin tasiri, irin wannan dabara ce ta rigakafin kwararar ruwa a birane . ==Ayyuka== * Sake yin amfani da su * Sake amfani da shi * [[Rage shara|Rage sharar gida]] * Ragewa * Rigakafin gurbatawa * Takin == Na'urorin sarrafa gurbatar yanayi== * Kula da gurbataccen iska ** Thermal oxidizer * Tsarin tarin kura ** Baghouses ** Cyclones ** Electrostatic precipitators * Masu gogewa ** Baffle goge goge ** Cyclonic sprayer ** Ejector venturi scrubber ** Taimakon injin goge goge ** Hasumiyar fesa ** Mai goge goge * Maganin najasa ** Sedimentation (maganin farko) ** Ayyukan sludge biotreaters (jiyya na biyu; kuma ana amfani da shi don ruwan sharar masana'antu) ** Ruwan iska ** Gina dausayi (kuma ana amfani dashi don zubar da ruwa a birane) * Maganin sharar gida na masana'antu ** API mai raba ruwa-ruwa ** Biofilters ** Narkar da iska (DAF) ** Maganin carbon da aka kunna foda ** Ultrafiltration * Tsarin dawo da tururi * Phytoremediation == Dalilin gurbatar yanayi == Gurbacewa yana da Dalili. <ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/01/29/the-staggering-economic-cost-of-air-pollution/ The staggering economic cost of air pollution] By Chelsea Harvey, ''Washington Post'', January 29, 2016</ref> <ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081112124418.htm Freshwater Pollution Costs US At Least $4.3 Billion A Year], ''[[Science Daily]]'', November 17, 2008</ref> <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/30/the-human-cost-of-chinas-untold-soil-pollution-problem The human cost of China's untold soil pollution problem], ''[[The Guardian]]'', Monday 30 June 2014 11.53 EDT</ref> Ayyukan masana'antu da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska yana ɗaukar nauyin lafiya da tsaftacewa ga dukkanin al'umma. Ayyukan masana'antu wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska shine misali na mummunan waje a cikin samarwa. Wani mummunan waje a cikin samarwa yana faruwa "lokacin da samar da kamfani ya rage jin daɗin wasu waɗanda kamfanin ba ya biya su." Misali, idan kamfanin wanki yana kusa da kamfanin kera karafa masu gurbata muhalli, za a kara farashin kamfanin wanki saboda datti da hayakin da kamfanin kera karafa ke samarwa. Idan farashin waje ya wanzu, kamar waɗanda ƙazanta suka ƙirƙira, masana'anta za su zaɓi samar da ƙarin samfuran fiye da yadda za a kera idan ana buƙatar masana'anta su biya duk farashin muhalli da ke da alaƙa. Domin alhaki ko sakamakon aikin kai-kai ya ta'allaka wani bangare a wajen kai, wani bangare na waje yana shiga. Idan akwai fa'idodin waje, kamar a cikin amincin jama'a, ƙasan mai kyau na iya samarwa fiye da yadda lamarin zai kasance idan mai samarwa ya karɓi biyan kuɗi don fa'idodin waje ga wasu. Koyaya, kayayyaki da sabis waɗanda ke haɗa abubuwan waje mara kyau a cikin samarwa, kamar waɗanda ke samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, galibi ana yin su da yawa kuma ba su da tsada tunda ba a saka farashin waje a kasuwa. <ref name=":0" /> Gurbacewar yanayi na iya haifar da farashi ga kamfanonin da ke samar da gurbatar yanayi. Wani lokaci kamfanoni suna zaɓar, ko kuma an tilasta musu su ta hanyar ƙa'ida, don rage yawan gurɓacewar da suke samarwa. Haɗin kuɗin yin wannan ana kiran kuɗaɗen ragewa, ko ƙimar ragewa ta gefe idan an auna ta kowane ƙarin raka'a. A shekara ta 2005 yawan kashe-kashen kashe-kashe na gurɓacewar muhalli da kuma farashin aiki a Amurka ya kai kusan dala biliyan 27. == Al'umma da al'adu == ==Yawancin masana'antu masu gurbata muhalli== The Pure Earth, wata kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kai don kawar da gurbacewar rayuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, ta fitar da jerin sunayen wasu masana'antu mafi gurbata muhalli a duniya. A ƙasa akwai jerin abubuwan 2016: * Sake yin amfani da baturin gubar-Acid * [[Hakar ma'adinai|Ma'adinan Masana'antu da sarrafa Ma'adinai]] * Narke gubar * Ayyukan Tannery * Ƙanƙarar Ma'adinan Zinare na Fasaha * [[Wajen zubar da shara|Juji na Masana'antu/Municipal]] * Gidajen Masana'antu * Masana'antar Kemikal * [[Masana'anta|Samfuran Samfura]] * Rini Industry Wani rahoto na shekarar 2018 da cibiyar kula da harkokin noma da cinikayya da GRAIN ta fitar ya ce masana’antun nama da kiwo sun shirya tsaf domin zarce harkar mai a matsayin wadanda suka fi gurbata muhalli a duniya. ==Wurare mafi ƙazanta a duniya== Duniya mai tsafta tana fitar da jerin sunayen wasu gurɓatattun gurɓatattun wurare a duniya kowace shekara. A ƙasa akwai jerin abubuwan shekarar 2007: * Agbogbloshie, Ghana * Chernobyl, Ukraine * Citarum River, Indonesia * Dzershinsk, Russia * Hazaribagh, Bangladesh * Kabwe, Zambia * Kalimantan, Indonesia * Matanza Riachuelo, Argentina * [[Niger Delta|Niger Delta, Nigeria]] * Norilsk, Rasha ==Al'umma mafi kyau duka matakin gurbatawa== Al'umma na samun wasu amfanin kai tsaye daga gurɓata yanayi, in ba haka ba ba za a sami wani abin ƙarfafawa ga ƙazanta ba. Wannan abin amfani ya fito ne daga yawan amfani da kayayyaki da ayyukan da ke haifar da gurɓata yanayi. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci cewa masu tsara manufofi suyi ƙoƙari su daidaita waɗannan fa'idodi na kai tsaye tare da farashin ƙazanta don samun sakamako mai inganci. [[File:Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png|thumb| Kwatancen gani na kasuwa mai kyauta da mafi kyawun sakamako na zamantakewa.]] Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da tattalin arzikin muhalli don sanin ko wane matakin ƙazanta ne aka ɗauka shine mafi kyawun zamantakewa. Ga masana tattalin arziki, gurɓata yanayi "kudin waje ne kuma yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye da mutane suka sha wahala a asarar jin daɗi," duk da haka, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta na zamantakewar al'umma wanda aka fi dacewa da jin dadi . Wannan shi ne saboda masu amfani suna samun amfani daga mai kyau ko sabis ɗin da aka ƙera, wanda zai wuce ƙimar zamantakewar ƙazanta har zuwa wani lokaci. A wannan lokacin lalacewar wani ƙarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanki ga al'umma, ƙarancin kuɗin gurɓatawa, daidai yake daidai da fa'idar da ake amfani da ita na cin ƙarin raka'a ɗaya na mai kyau ko sabis. A cikin kasuwannin da ke da gurɓata yanayi, ko wasu abubuwan da ba su da kyau a cikin samarwa, daidaiton kasuwa mai 'yanci ba zai yi la'akari da farashin gurɓatawa ga al'umma ba '''.''' Idan farashin zamantakewar gurɓataccen abu ya fi tsadar sirri da kamfani ke kashewa, to, tsarin samar da kayayyaki na gaskiya zai kasance mafi girma. Ma'anar da kuɗin da ake buƙata na zamantakewar al'umma da buƙatun kasuwa suka shiga tsaka-tsaki yana ba da mafi kyawun ƙazanta na zamantakewa. A wannan lokacin, adadin zai zama ƙasa kuma farashin zai kasance mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da daidaiton kasuwar kyauta. Sabili da haka, ana iya la'akari da sakamakon kasuwa na kyauta a matsayin gazawar kasuwa saboda "ba ya haɓaka inganci". Ana iya amfani da wannan samfurin a matsayin tushen don kimanta hanyoyi daban-daban na ciki na waje. Wasu misalan sun haɗa da jadawalin kuɗin fito, harajin carbon da tsarin tafiya da kasuwanci . ==Hanyoyi== Mafarin farko na gurbatar yanayi da nau'ikan rayuwa ke haifarwa zai kasance aikin halitta ne na wanzuwarsu. Sakamakon masu halarta akan iyawa da matakan yawan jama'a sun faɗi a cikin yanayin zaɓin yanayi . Waɗannan da sun haɗa da halakar jama'a a cikin gida ko a ƙarshe, bacewar nau'ikan. Hanyoyin da ba za su iya tsayawa ba sun haifar da sabon ma'auni da canje-canje da daidaitawa suka kawo. A cikin matsananci, ga kowane nau'i na rayuwa, la'akari da gurɓataccen abu ya maye gurbin na rayuwa. Ga ɗan adam, mahimmancin fasaha shine rarrabewa da la'akari mai mahimmanci, duka a matsayin mai ba da ƙarfi da ƙarin tushen abubuwan da suka dace. Rashin tsira, damuwar ɗan adam sun haɗa da kewayo daga ingancin rayuwa zuwa haɗarin lafiya. Tun da kimiyya ta riƙe nunin gwaji don zama tabbatacce, maganin zamani na guba ko cutar da muhalli ya haɗa da ayyana matakin da ake iya ganin sakamako. Misalai na gama-gari na filayen da ma'aunin aiki ke da mahimmanci sun haɗa da sarrafa hayakin mota, bayyanar masana'antu (misali Safety na Ma'aikata da Gudanar da Lafiya (OSHA) PELs ), toxicology (misali LD50 ), da magani (misali magani da allurai na radiation ). "Maganin gurbatar yanayi shine dilution", ƙa'ida ce wacce ke taƙaita tsarin gargajiya na kula da gurɓataccen ruwa wanda isasshe gurbataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ba shi da lahani. Ya dace da wasu aikace-aikace na zamani na zamani, kamar tsarin aminci na dakin gwaje-gwaje da sarrafa kayan gaggawa na sakin abubuwa masu haɗari . Amma yana ɗauka cewa diluent ɗin yana cikin wadatar da ba ta da iyaka don aikace-aikacen ko kuma sakamakon dilutions ana karɓa a kowane yanayi. Irin wannan sauƙaƙan magani don gurɓacewar muhalli akan ma'auni mai fa'ida zai iya samun fa'ida mafi girma a cikin ƙarnin da suka gabata lokacin da rayuwa ta zahiri ta kasance mafi mahimmanci, yawan ɗan adam da yawa sun kasance ƙasa, fasaha sun fi sauƙi kuma samfuran su sun fi kyau. Amma galibi ba haka lamarin yake ba. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaba sun ba da damar auna yawan abubuwan da ba zai yiwu ba a da. Amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga wajen kimanta sakamako ya ba da kuɗi ga ƙa'idar cutarwa mai yuwuwa a cikin lamuran da ke da garantin ƙima amma yin amfani da ƙididdiga masu ƙima ba shi da amfani ko kuma ba zai yuwu ba. Bugu da ƙari, la'akari da yanayin da ya wuce tasirin kai tsaye ga 'yan adam ya sami daraja. Amma duk da haka in babu wata ƙa'ida ta maye gurbin, wannan tsohuwar hanya ta mamaye ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya. Tushen ne don auna yawan magudanar ruwa don sakin doka, wanda ya zarce hukuncin da aka tantance ko aka yi amfani da su. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙa'idar da ta maye gurbin tana ƙunshe a cikin dokokin zamani masu haɗari masu haɗari a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, saboda tsarin narkar da sharar gida don kada ya zama mai haɗari yawanci tsari ne da aka tsara. Hijira daga gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa zuwa kawarwa a lokuta da yawa na iya fuskantar ƙalubale ta fuskar tattalin arziki da fasaha. == Tarihi == ==Kafin karni na 19 == Gurbacewar iska ta kasance tare da wayewa. Gurbacewa ta fara ne tun kafin tarihi, lokacin da mutum ya halicci gobara ta farko . A cewar wani labarin 1983 a cikin mujallar ''Science,'' " Sot " da aka samu a kan rufin kogon da aka rigaya ya ba da shaida mai yawa na yawan gurɓacewar yanayi da ke da alaƙa da rashin isassun iska na buɗe wuta." Ƙarfe ya bayyana a matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙirar matakan gurɓataccen iska a wajen gida. Babban samfuran glaciers a Greenland suna nuna haɓakar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu mai alaƙa da samar da ƙarfe na Girka, Roman, da Sinanci. [[File:DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg|thumb| Gurbacewar iska a Amurka, 1973]] Konewar gawayi da itace, da kasancewar dawakai da yawa a wuraren da aka tattara sun sanya biranen zama tushen gurbataccen yanayi. Sarki Edward I na Ingila ya haramta kona [[wiktionary:seacoal|gawayin teku]] ta hanyar shela a [[Landan]] a shekara ta 1272, bayan hayakinsa ya zama matsala; man fetur ya zama ruwan dare a Ingila cewa an samo wannan sunan na farko na shi saboda ana iya kwashe shi daga wasu bakin teku ta hanyar [[Baro|tayar]] da hankali. == Karni na 19== Juyin juya halin masana'antu ne ya haifar da gurbatar muhalli kamar yadda muka sani a yau. Har ila yau, London ta rubuta ɗaya daga cikin matsananci na matsalolin ingancin ruwa a baya tare da Great Stink a kan Thames na 1858, wanda ya haifar da gina tsarin magudanar ruwa na London ba da daɗewa ba. Batutuwan gurbatar yanayi sun karu yayin da karuwar yawan jama'a ya zarce yiwuwar yankunan da za su magance matsalar sharar gida. Masu gyara sun fara buƙatar tsarin magudanar ruwa da ruwa mai tsabta. <ref>Lee Jackson, ''Dirty Old London: The Victorian Fight Against Filth'' (2014)</ref> A cikin shekarar 1870, yanayin tsabta a [[Berlin]] yana cikin mafi muni a Turai. August Bebel ya tuna da yanayi kafin a gina tsarin magudanar ruwa na zamani a ƙarshen shekarar 1870s: Gurbataccen ruwa daga kwatocin gidaje tare da mummunar wari me ban tsoro. Babu bayi na ana gari a layi ka inda baƙi musamman mata suna takura idan biyan bukata ya kama su abin mamaki shine a manyan birane an rasa bayi.Ko Berlin ba ta bar rashin wayewa zuwa wayewar kai har sai da bayan shekarar 1870. == Karni na 20 da 21 == Yanayin da ba zai yuwu ba ga babban birnin duniya, kuma gwamnatin Jamus ta Imperial ta kawo masana kimiyya, injiniyoyi, da masu tsara birane don ba wai kawai warware matsalar ba, har ma don ƙirƙirar Berlin a matsayin birni mafi girma a duniya. Wani masani dan Burtaniya a cikin 1906 ya kammala cewa Berlin tana wakiltar "mafi cikakkiyar aikace-aikacen kimiyya, tsari da tsarin rayuwar jama'a," ya kara da cewa "abin mamaki ne na gudanar da harkokin jama'a, birni mafi zamani kuma mafi kyawun tsari wanda akwai." Fitowar manyan masana'antu da yawan amfani da gawayi ya haifar da gurbacewar iska da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba da kuma yawan fitar da sinadarai na masana'antu da ke kara tabarbarewar sharar dan adam da ba a kula da su ba. [[Chicago]] da Cincinnati sune biranen Amurka biyu na farko don kafa dokokin tabbatar da tsabtace iska a cikin shekarar 1881. Gurbacewar yanayi ta zama wani babban batu a Amurka a farkon karni na ashirin, yayin da masu neman sauyi suka dauki batun gurbacewar iska sakamakon kona kwal, gurbacewar ruwa da rashin tsaftar muhalli ke haifarwa, da gurbacewar tituna da dawakai miliyan 3 da suka yi aiki a biranen Amurka suka haifar. A shekarar 1900, samar da adadi mai yawa na fitsari da taki . Kamar yadda ɗan tarihi Martin Melosi ya lura, ƙarnin da suka fara ganin motoci suna maye gurbin dawakai suna ganin motoci a matsayin "mu'ujiza na tsabta". <ref>Patrick Allitt, ''A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism'' (a shekarar 2014) p 206</ref> A cikin shekarar 1940s, duk da haka, hayaki da ke haifar da mota ya kasance babban batu a [[Los Angeles]] . Sauran garuruwan sun biyo baya a cikin ƙasar har zuwa farkon karni na 20, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ɗan gajeren lokaci Ofishin Kula da Iskar Sama a ƙarƙashin Sashen Cikin Gida . Garuruwan Los Angeles da Donora, Pennsylvania sun fuskanci matsanancin al'amuran hayaki a ƙarshen 1940s, suna zama wata tunatarwa ta jama'a. Gurbacewar iska za ta ci gaba da zama matsala a Ingila, musamman daga baya a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, da kuma kara zuwa kwanan nan tare da Babban Smog na shekarar 1952 . Sanin gurbatar yanayi ya bazu ko'ina bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tare da fargabar da aka samu sakamakon rahotannin faɗuwar rediyo daga yaƙin nukiliya da gwaji. <ref>Patrick Allitt, ''A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism'' (2014) pp. 15–21</ref> Sai abin da ba na nukiliya ba&nbsp;- Babban Smog na 1952 a London&nbsp;– sun kashe akalla mutane 4000. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/9/newsid_4506000/4506390.stm 1952: London fog clears after days of chaos] (BBC News)</ref> Wannan ya haifar da wasu manyan dokokin muhalli na zamani na farko: Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace na shekarar 1956 . Gurɓatawa ya fara jawo hankalin jama'a a Amurka tsakanin tsakiyar shekara ta 1950s da farkon shekarar 1970s, lokacin da Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Kula da Amo, Dokar Tsabtace iska, Dokar Ruwa mai Tsafta, da Dokar Muhalli ta Kasa . [[File:Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG|thumb| Gurbacewar hayaki a Taiwan]] Mummunan al'amura na ƙazanta sun taimaka wajen haɓaka hankali. PCB da aka zubar a cikin Kogin Hudson ya haifar da dakatar da EPA akan cin kifin ta a 1974. Labaran labaran kasa a karshen shekarun 1970&nbsp;- musamman gurbataccen dioxin na dogon lokaci a Canal Love wanda ya fara a cikin 1947 da zubar da ba tare da kulawa ba a cikin kwarin Drums.&nbsp;- ya jagoranci dokar Superfund na shekarar 980. <ref>Judith A. Layzer, "Love Canal: hazardous waste and politics of fear" in Layzer, ''The Environmental Case'' ([[CQ Press]], 2012) pp. 56–82.</ref> Gurbacewar filayen masana'antu ya haifar da sunan Brownfield, kalmar da a yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tsara birane . Haɓaka kimiyyar nukiliya ta gabatar da gurɓataccen radiyo, wanda zai iya zama mai radiyo mai mutuƙar mutuwa na ɗaruruwan dubban shekaru. Lake Karachay&nbsp;- Cibiyar Worldwatch ta kira sunan "mafi gurbacewar wuri" a duniya&nbsp;- yayi aiki azaman wurin zubar da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960. Chelyabinsk, Rasha, ana daukarsa a matsayin "Mafi gurbataccen wuri a duniya". <ref name="Lenssen">Lenssen, "Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away", Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., 1991: 15.</ref> An ci gaba da gwada [[makaman nukiliya]] a yakin cacar baka, musamman a farkon matakan ci gaban su. Yawan adadin mutanen da abin ya fi shafa da haɓaka tun daga lokacin a cikin fahimtar mahimmancin barazanar da lafiyar ɗan adam ke haifarwa ta hanyar rediyoactivity shi ma ya kasance haramtacciyar rikitarwa mai alaƙa da ikon nukiliya . Ko da yake ana aiwatar da matsananciyar kulawa a cikin wannan masana'antar, yuwuwar bala'i da aka ba da shawarar ta abubuwan da suka faru kamar waɗanda ke Tsibirin Mile uku, Chernobyl, da Fukushima suna haifar da rashin yarda da jama'a. Yaƙi na duniya ya yi tsanani game da waɗannan bala'o'i. Yaɗuwar goyon bayan yarjejeniyar hana gwaji ya ƙare kusan duk gwajin makaman nukiliya a cikin yanayi. <ref>Jonathan Medalia, ''Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments'' (Diane Publishing, 2013.)</ref> Masifu na kasa da kasa kamar tarkacen jirgin dakon mai na Amoco Cadiz a gabar tekun Brittany a shekarar 1978 da kuma bala'in Bhopal a shekarar 1984 sun nuna dunkulewar irin wadannan al'amura da ma'aunin da kokarin magance su ke bukatar shiga. Yanayin yanayi mara iyaka da teku babu makawa ya haifar da illar gurɓacewar yanayi a matakin duniya tare da batun [[Canjin yanayi|ɗumamar yanayi]] . Kwanan nan kalmar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin cuta (POP) ta zo don bayyana ƙungiyar sinadarai kamar PBDEs da PFCs da sauransu. Kodayake tasirin su ya ragu da ɗan fahimta saboda ƙarancin bayanan gwaji, an gano su a wurare daban-daban na muhalli da ke nesa da ayyukan masana'antu kamar Arctic, suna nuna yaduwa da haɓakar halittu bayan ɗan ɗan gajeren lokacin amfani da tartsatsi. Matsalar da aka gano kwanan nan ita ce Babban Fasin Sharar Faci, babban tarin robobi, sludge na sinadarai da sauran tarkace wanda Arewacin Pacific Gyre ya tattara zuwa wani babban yanki na Tekun Pacific. Wannan matsala ce da ba a san ta ba fiye da sauran da aka kwatanta a sama, amma duk da haka yana da sakamako mai yawa kuma mai tsanani kamar karuwar mace-mace na namun daji, yaduwar nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'in nau'i da kuma cinye mutane masu guba. Ƙungiyoyi irin su 5 Gyres sun yi bincike game da gurbatar yanayi kuma, tare da masu fasaha irin su [[Marina DeBris]], suna aiki don yada batun. Gurbacewar da haske ke haifarwa da daddare na zama matsala a duniya, wanda ya fi tsanani a cikin birane, amma duk da haka yana gurɓata manyan yankuna, nesa da garuruwa. Haɓaka shedar gurɓacewar ƙasa da na duniya da kuma ƙara fahimtar jama'a a tsawon lokaci sun haifar da haɓakar muhalli da [[Gudanar da muhalli|motsin muhalli]], wanda gabaɗaya ke neman iyakance tasirin ɗan adam ga muhalli . == Duba kuma == * Anthropocene * Aspinall V. Mitchell - Gwajin gurbatar yanayi, 1880 * Gurbacewar halittu * Gurbacewar sinadaran * Lafiyar muhalli * Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli * Bankin Bayanan Abubuwan Haɗari * Gurbacewar ruwa * Yawan jama'a * Masu gurɓatawa * Mai gurɓataccen fitarwa da rajistar canja wuri * Polluter yana biyan ka'ida * Rashin gurɓatawa sun sami hasashe * Ka'idojin iskar gas a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsabtace Iska * Rossby kalaman * Lalacewar filastik * ''Gurbacewa mulkin mallaka ne'' * Yanki hadaya {| | style="width:250px; text-align:left;" |'''Gurbacewar iska''' ---- * Samfuran watsawa na iska * Arden Paparoma * Rubutun bayanan lura da sinadarai na yanayi - hanyoyin haɗi zuwa bayanan da ake samu kyauta. * [[Canjin yanayi]] * Matsayin fitarwa * Greenhouse gas | style="width:250px; text-align:left;" | '''[[Gurɓatar ƙasa|Gurbacewar ƙasa]]''' ---- * Kimiyyar ƙasa muhalli * Jerin fasahohin maganin datti * Jerin kamfanonin sarrafa shara * Jerin batutuwan sarrafa shara | style="width:250px; text-align:left;" | '''Gurbacewar ruwa''' ---- * Gurbacewar jirgin ruwa na cruise * tarkacen ruwa * Gurbacewar ruwa * Gurbacewar jirgi * Ruwan guguwa * Ruwan sharar gida * Ruwan sharar masana'antu * Alamun ingancin ruwan sharar gida | style="width:250px; text-align:left;" | '''Sauran''' ---- * Ruwan alkaline * Kimiyyar Jama'a * [[Canjin yanayi]] * Kula da gurɓataccen abu * Ranar Duniya * Electromagnetic radiation da lafiya * Waje * Gurbacewar kwayoyin halitta * Gurbacewar zafi * Hasken ƙazanta * Jerin batutuwan muhalli * Illar lafiyar surutu * Barazanar sararin samaniya * Radioactivity |} <gallery mode="slideshow"> File:Plastic Pollution in Ghana.jpg|alt=Plastic Pollution in Ghana, 2018| Gurbacewar Filastik a Ghana, 2018 File:Garbage Black sand beach Maui Hawaii Road to Hana (45690820912).jpg|alt=Plastic pollution on the remote island of Maui, Hawaii|Gurbacewar filastik a tsibirin Maui mai nisa, Hawaii </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110629084344/http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html Bayanin OEHHA 65] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222011524/http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/ Shirin Ilimin Toxicology na Ƙasa] – daga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar Amurka . Rahotanni da nazari kan yadda gurbacewar yanayi ke shafar mutane * [http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ TOXNET] - NIH bayanan bayanai da rahotanni kan toxicology * [http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/ TOXMAP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215050104/https://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/ |date=2019-12-15 }} – Tsarin Bayanin Geographic (GIS) wanda ke amfani da taswirori na Amurka don taimakawa masu amfani su bincika bayanai na gani daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) Abubuwan Sakin Abubuwan Guba da Shirye-shiryen Bincike na Musamman na Superfund * [http://www.epa.gov/superfund/ EPA.gov] - yana kula da rukunin yanar gizon Superfund da gurɓatattun abubuwan da ke cikin su (CERCLA). Taswirar [https://web.archive.org/web/20101002082045/http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/main/index.jsp EPA Superfund] * [http://www.epa.gov/tri/ Inventory na Saki mai guba] - yana bin diddigin yawan sharar da kamfanonin Amurka ke fitarwa cikin ruwa da iska. Yana ba da izini don sakin takamaiman adadin waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa kowace shekara. Taswirar Taswirar Taswirar Taswirar [http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/main/index.jsp Sakin Mai Guba na EPA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002082045/http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/main/index.jsp |date=2010-10-02 }} * [http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/index.html Hukumar Kula da Abubuwan Guba da Rijistar Cututtuka] - Manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa 20, yadda suke shafar mutane, abin da masana'antun Amurka ke amfani da su da samfuran da aka samo su a ciki. * [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/toxtutor.html#toxtutor Koyarwar Toxicology daga Laburare na Magunguna na Ƙasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520221533/https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/toxtutor.html#toxtutor |date=2016-05-20 }} - albarkatu don nazarin ilimin guba na ɗan adam. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061026012447/http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/ten.php Wurare Mafi Muni a Duniya 2007], bisa ga Cibiyar Blacksmith * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071031012602/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1661031_1661028_1661020,00.html Wurare Mafi ƙazanta a Duniya] a Time.com (rabin Mujallar Time) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080104003923/http://www.logtv.com/films/chelyabinsk/index.htm Chelyabinsk: Mafi gurɓataccen wuri akan] Fim ɗin Takardun Duniya na Slawomir Grünberg (1996) * [http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=100933 Rahoton Nieman | Bibiyar Abubuwan Guba Lokacin da Bayanan ya ƙazantu] [[Category:Gurɓatar yanayi]] [[Category:Muhalli]] 77141iitvdwjwravyghk2xqqg9riqch 0 51326 551736 508316 2024-12-04T14:27:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain}} [[Fayil:Les bibliothèques de Paris en Grève (32552026022).jpg|thumb|Helen berr]] [[Fayil:Les bibliothèques de Paris en Grève (32552055702).jpg|thumb|Helen Berr]] [[Fayil:Les bibliothèques de Paris en Grève (32552026022).jpg|thumb|Helen Berr]] '''Hélène Berr''', an haife ta ashirin da bakwai ga watan Maris , a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da dayaa cikin hudu&amp;nbsp;arrondissement na Paris kuma ya ta mutu a{{Death date and age|avril 1945}} A sansanin taro na Bergen-Belsen, wata matashiya [[Faransa|Bafaranshiya ce]], marubuciyar littafin tarihin rayuwarta daga farkon shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu wanda aka buga a karon farko a shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas . == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == « Née dans une famille juive d'origine alsacienne et descendante de l'ingénieur Maurice Lévy, Hélène Berr préparait l'agrégation d'anglais. Dans son journal truffé de citations de Shakespeare ou de Lewis Carroll, la guerre n'est d'abord qu'un mauvais rêve ». Ce journal raconte la [[Rayuwar Faransawa a ƙarƙashin mamayar Jamus|vie quotidienne]] et les épreuves, comme le port de l'[[Tauraro mai rawaya|étoile jaune]] en juin 1942<ref>[http://lettres.blogs.liberation.fr/sorin/2007/12/une-toile-jaune.html ''Une étoile jaune pour Hélène Berr''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223150/http://lettres.blogs.liberation.fr/sorin/2007/12/une-toile-jaune.html |date=2013-12-02 }}, Raphaël Sorin, 6 décembre 2007.</ref>, de la jeune femme. [[Fayil:Les bibliothèques de Paris en Grève (32704558845).jpg|thumb]] An haifi Hélène Maxime Camille Berr a ranar ashirin da bakwai ga watan Maris a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da daya a cikin 4&amp;nbsp;arrondissement na Paris , ita ce 'yar Raymond Berr (1888-1944), polytechnicien (X 1907), injiniya na corps des Mines, mataimakiyar shugaban kamfanin Kuhlmann (wanda zai hade daga baya tare da Péchiney ), an kori ta. da ayari daya da ita ga ashirin da bakwai ga watan Maris a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu, DA" ayarin motocin n saba'in <ref>[http://www.annales.org/archives/x/berr.html Raymond Berr], consulté le 10 décembre 2013.</ref>, da Antoinette Rodrigues-Ély (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da casa'in da ɗaya-zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu), su ma an fitar da su a cikin wannan ayarin <ref>Voir, Klarsfeld, 1978.</ref> . Ba za a iya wuce taron ba, wanda ta shirya a Sorbonne, saboda dokokin anti-Semitic na gwamnatin Vichy game da matsayin Yahudawa, Hélène Berr, mai shekaru ashirin da daya, ta gabatar da kanta a hedkwatar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Isra'ila ta Isra'ila. Faransa (UGIF), inda aka dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikacin jin dadin jama'a a ranar shida ga watan juillet a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu . Watanni uku da suka gabata, a kan bikin sadaukarwar da ta samu daga Paul Valéry, ta fara a wannan rana, da bakwai avril a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu , A" Shiga wanda, a cikin gabatarwar littafin da aka buga a shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas ta Tallandier, Patrick Modiano ya kwatanta da salon Katherine Mansfield . Hélène Berr kuma ita ce sakatariyar Denise Milhaud ga Taimakon Mutual na wucin gadi, ƙungiyar ɓoye da aka ƙirƙira a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da dayatare da Social Service for Aid to Migrants (SSAE), wanda Lucie Chevalley ya jagoranta. [[Fayil:Les bibliothèques de Paris en Grève (32325313270).jpg|thumb|Helen Berr]] An kama Hélène Berr tare da iyayenta a gidansu, a 5 avenue Élisée-Reclus a cikin 7arrondissement .&amp;nbsp;arrondissement na Paris, da8 mars 1944Maris 8, 1944 da gari ya waye, aka tsare a sansanin Drancy, sannan aka tura ta zuwa Auschwitz tare da mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta,27 mars 194427 ga Maris, 1944 , cikarsa shekaru 23 ans . Ta fuskanci ci gaban Soviets, an fitar da ita daga Auschwitz a ranar talata yin da daya ga Oktoba kuma ta isa sansanin Bergen-Belsen a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba , inda ta kamu da typhus . Wata safiya ba ta da lafiya ba ta iya tashi a gun kiran waya, wani mai gadi ya yi mata dukan tsiya, kwanaki kadan kafin kwato sansanin da sojojin Ingila suka yi. Goma ga avril a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyar ( [[Mariette job|Mariette Ayuba]], editan sa da kuma 'yar'uwarsa, wanda ya ba da waɗannan cikakkun bayanai, ya nuna wannan kwanan wata ba tare da ƙayyade shi ba). == Yabo == Ana ba da sunan Hélène Berr ga ɗakin karatu na kafofin watsa labarai <ref>[http://belairsud.blogspirit.com/archive/2009/03/06/la-bibliotheque-picpus-devient-la-mediatheque-helene-berr.html ''La bibliothèque Picpus devient la médiathèque Hélène Berr''], blog citoyen d'information et de dialogue des habitants du quartier Bel-Air Sud, 10 mars 2009.</ref> na 12&amp;nbsp;arrondissement na Paris, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Paris-Sorbonne ( Clignancourt site). A lokacin da aka sake dawo da Château du Vivier, a Aubergenville a cikin Yvelines, a cikin alif dubu biyu da goma sha shida, an sanya alamar tunawa da tunawa da matashin marubuci a kusa da ƙofar . An buɗe plaque a biyu ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha biyar A kan ginin da ke biyar avenue Élisée-Reclus a cikin gundumar 7 na Paris inda dangin Berr ke zama kuma inda aka kama sumars 1944Maris 1944 . [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ghpyxmh7v76t7ybgwh0yen3d2t5rnlh 0 51585 551850 523349 2024-12-04T19:26:08Z Maryamarh 29382 551850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:African salad mostly prepared by the southeastern part of Nigeria especially in the eastern part. This meal is mostly prepared during festive seasons like new yam festival or marriage ceremony.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Igbo season's greetings.jpg|thumb|abinci igbo]] [[Fayil:The Igbo traditional folk cuisine.jpg|thumb]] '''Abincin Igbo,''' Abinci iri-iri ne na [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]] mazauna [[Kasar Inyamurai|kudu maso gabashin Najeriya]]. [[tushen]] [[Abincin Hausawa|abincin]] Igbo shi ne miya. Shahararrun miyan su ne Ofe Oha, [[Shuwaka|Onugbu]], ofe akwik, [[Egusi|Egwusi]] da Nsala (Miyar farin barkono). [[Doya]] shi ne kuma babban abinci ga Igbo kuma ana cin shi ana dafa shi ko kuma a ci da miya. <ref>"Types of Igbo culture food" . Nigerian News . Retrieved 16 June 2020.</ref> == Abincin Igbo == * [[Abacha (abinci)|Abacha]] <ref>"How to Make Abacha (African Salad)" . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-31.</ref> * Echicha * [[Egusi]] * [[Fufu|Akpu]] * [[Garri]] <ref>"Garri: The Black Man's Gold With A Speck Of Impurities" . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . 2022-07-24. Retrieved 2022-08-31.</ref> * Yi ewu * [[Alale|Mun mun]] * [[Miyar Ogbono|Miyan Ogbono]] * [[Miyar Okra|Miyar okra]] * Palm wine * [[Doya|Yam (vegetable)]] * Ofa Oha<ref>"Steps To Making Oha Soup" . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . 2020-01-12. Retrieved 2022-08-31.</ref> * Fio Fio * Ukwa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} pg7u5m5g8nb3n8j37uqjxa8vrwepfnn 0 52740 551980 475787 2024-12-05T00:22:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayoola Ayolola''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1987) mawaƙiya ce, mawaƙiya, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/why-acting-has-displaced-my-music-career-ayoola-ayolola/|title=Why acting has displaced my music career – Ayoola Ayolola|website=Punch|access-date=7 Feb 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-10 |title=Actor Ayoola contradicts TMC team, says producers aware of 'temporary' relocation |url=https://punchng.com/actor-ayoola-contradicts-tmc-team-says-producers-aware-of-temporary-relocation/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Project Fame ta 5 a Yammacin Afirka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/102013-ayo-emerges-project-fame-winner.html|title=AYO emerges Project Fame winner |website= Premium Times Nigeria|date=September 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/ayoola-ayobami-actors-are-the-most-genuine-set-of-people-so-far/3mqdmbx|title="Actors are the most genuine set of people so far"|date=June 28, 2017|website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/skinny-girl-transit-star-ayoola-ayolola-talks-music-acting-love-new-episode-talk-temi-watch/|website=Bella Naija|title='Skinny Girl in Transit' star Ayoola Ayolola talks Music, Acting & Love on a New Episode of "Talk with Temi" &#124; Watch &#124; BellaNaija}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ayolola a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]], arewacin [[Najeriya]] . Shi ne babba a cikin yara biyar. Ya halarci Jami'ar Alkawari, Ota, [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] inda ya yi karatun ilmin sunadarai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2014/04/project-fame-winner-ayoola-i-wouldnt-have-been-where-i-am-today-without-covenant-university.html|title=Project Fame Winner, Ayoola: 'I wouldn't have been where I am today without Covenant University.|date=April 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iono.fm/e/711375|title=Ayobami Ayoola Ayolola, Actor (Nollywood), Speaker, Singer and 5th Winner of the Project Fame West Africa.|first=Channel|last=Africa|via=iono.fm}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Shirin Shahararren Yammacin Afirka === [[File:Ayoola Ayolola and Abimbola Craig TGIF.png|thumb|Ayola Ayola]] Ayolola ya lashe karo na 5 na Project Fame West Africa, inda aka ba shi kyautar mota, farashin tsabar kudi naira miliyan 2.5 da yarjejeniyar rikodin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/winning-mtn-project-fame-is-a-dream-come-true-ayo/|title=Winning MTN Project Fame is a dream come true – Ayo|date=October 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/our-grass-to-grace-story-and-hurdles-we-crossed-to-become-superstars-reality-tv-shows-winners/|title=Our grass to grace story and Hurdles we crossed to become superstars –Reality TV shows' winners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2012/09/30/and-winner-mtn-project-fame-5-is-ayo/|title=And the winner of MTN Project Fame West Africa 5 is... AYO!|first=Ifreke|last=Inyang|date=September 30, 2012}}</ref> A baya ya shiga wani gasa na waka na Nigerian Idol inda aka kore shi a zagaye na farko bayan ya yi 12 na karshe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/ayobami-ayoola-ayolola-wins-project-fame-season-5/|title=Ayobami Ayoola Ayolola wins Project Fame season 5!|first=News|last=Ghana}}</ref> === Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo === Ayolola ya dakatar da aikinsa na kiɗa don yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2015, ya kuma fito a matsayin Mide a cikin jerin YouTube Skinny Girl in Transit daga baya. Ya kuma fito a fina-finai kamar Isoken.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/ayoola-ayobami-5-reasons-we-love-skinny-girl-in-transit-actor/qfw73qk|title=5 reasons we love "Skinny Girl in Transit" actor|date=January 12, 2017|website=Pulse Nigeria|access-date=July 11, 2023|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507001243/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/ayoola-ayobami-5-reasons-we-love-skinny-girl-in-transit-actor/qfw73qk|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2018-20 |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|Kungiyar Maza]]'' |Aminu Garba |Jerin yanar gizo na Red TV | rowspan="3" | |- |2017 |''Shagayas da Clarks'' |Chidi Clark | |- |2017 |''Jemeji'' |Oviyon |Wani sihiri na Afirka na asali |- |2015-20 |''Yarinya mai laushi a cikin zirga-zirga'' |Matsakaicin matsakaicin |Jerin yanar gizo na [[Ndani TV]] | |- |2012-15 |''Matan Lekki'' | | | |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! !Ref |- |2020 |''Ojai'' |Farfesa | | rowspan="3" | |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''Tsarin da aka kafa'' |Bamidele Esho | |- |''Bling Lagosians'' |Yoruba Demon | |- |''Yankin da ke cikin ƙasa'' | |Fim din wayar da kan jama'a | |- |2018 |Idan ni Shugaba ne |Zinachi Ohams | | rowspan="5" | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Ƙananan Saukowa na Farin Ciki'' |Rashin ido | |- |''Ko da yaushe Bayan haka'' |Abin da ya faru | |- |''Isoken'' |Seye | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Kashi hamsin'' |MC | |- |''Hex'' | | | |} == Fitowa daga ''Kungiyar Maza'' == [[Fayil:Ayoola Ayolola and Abimbola Craig TGIF.png|thumb|Ayola Ayola]] Tola Odunsi, darektan The Men's Club ya sanar da cewa Ayolola ba zai sake taka rawar Aminu Garba ba ta hanyar sakon Instagram saboda ba zai iya taka rawar ba. Za a maye gurbinsa da tsohon Big Brother Naija, Pere Egbi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-08|title=Why BBNaija's Pere replaced Ayoola in 'The Men's Club' series – Director|url=https://punchng.com/why-bbnaijas-pere-replaced-ayoola-in-the-mens-club-series-director/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Saboda hasashe cewa ya sake komawa ba tare da sanar da masu gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo ba, Ayolola ya amsa ga mai sanarwar ta hanyar shafinsa na Instagram yana rubuta "Ba kamar abin da aka ce ba, ban sake komawa ba ba tare da barin masu samar da zartarwa da masu samar da wasan kwaikwayon su sani ba, Shawarwarin da na yanke na yin 'na ɗan lokaci' fita daga kasar tsari ne na dogon lokaci wanda mai samarwa / manajan na a lokacin ya san kuma yana da hannu. Tare da wannan faɗar, ba zan iya jira in sake dawowa kan allo ba. "<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nwogu|first=Precious 'Mamazeus'|date=2021-11-11|title=Actor Ayoola Ayolola finally reacts to exiting 'The Men's Club' series|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/actor-ayoola-ayolola-finally-reacts-to-exiting-the-mens-club-series/j8efekm|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{IMDb name|nm8895912}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] 7zcsbx0j7ay5m57rmjjqxrmvxnxnvah 0 54114 551863 550016 2024-12-04T19:44:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''' Ahmed Musa Dangiwa''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1963) masanin gine-gine ne kuma ɗan siyasan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane tun 2023. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Gida na Tarayya na Najeriya daga 2015 zuwa 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=minister of Housing Urban development assumes office promises change |url=https://von.gov.ng/minister-of-housing-urban-development-assumes-office-promises-change/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title=I will lead crusade to get the necessary support from shelter Afrique minister tells redan |url=https://Dailytrust.com/i-will-lead-crusade-to-get-neccessary-support-from-shelter-afrique-minister-tells-redan/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Dailytrust |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=I'll lead crusade to get support from shelter Afrique minister tells redan |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/ill-lead-crusade-to-get-support-from-shelter-afrique-minister-tells-redan/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Blueprint Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == Dangiwa yana da cancanta daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin gine-gine, MSc a fannin Gine-gine (Arc), da MBA.<ref name="thisdaylive.com">https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/08/07/dangiwa-profile-of-a-technocrat-consummate-politician</ref> Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> A shekara ta 1988, Dangiwa tana da alaƙa da Katsina State Polytechnic a matsayin mai ba da shawara. <ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> Shi memba ne na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da yawa, gami da Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Najeriya (NIA) da Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine na Amurka (AAIA).<ref name="thisdaylive.com"/><ref>https://businessday.ng/features/article/meet-ahmed-musa-dangiwa-the-man-with-answers-to-your-housing-needs/</ref> Daga 2017 zuwa 2022, Dangiwa ya kasance shugaban Bankin Biyan Kuɗi na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN), inda ya kula da gyare-gyare. A baya ya jagoranci AM Design Consults da Jarlo International kuma yana da matsayi a TRIAD Associates da Sahel Mortgage Finance Bank. <ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> A cikin 2022, Dangiwa ya nemi tikitin Gwamna na All-Progressives Congress (APC) a [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]]. Daga baya ya shiga cikin Tinubu / Dicko Campaign Council don zaben 2023. <ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> Bayan zaben, an nada shi Sakatare na Gwamnatin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] sannan ya sami gabatarwa a matsayin minista.<ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> == Ayyuka == Dangiwa ya fara aikinsa a TRIAD Associates sannan kuma manajan abokin tarayya na AM Design Consults; wanda shine kamfanin ba da shawara kan gine-gine da ci gaban ƙasa, Jarlo International Nig LTD. Kamfanin gine-gine da Sahel Mortgage Finance Limited. Ya yi fice a matsayin mai ba da kuɗin jinginar gida. Ta tashi ta hanyar matsayi a cikin Sahel Mortgage Finance Limited daga manajan dukiya zuwa Shugaban Kula da Kudin zuwa zama manajan, Sashen Bankin jinginar gida.Shi memba ne na kwararru masu sana'a kamar babban memba na hadari manajan hadari na Najeriya (RIMAN), ɗan'uwan Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (FICA) da Cibiyar Gudun Abokan ciniki da Gudanar da Kasuwanci (ICSTM) Wani ɗan girmamawa na cibiyar bashi da haɗari ta Najeriya (CILRM) da kuma babban memba na girmamawa na Cibiyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (cIBN). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-25 |title=Ahmed Musa Dangiwa managing director/CEO,federal mortgage Bank of Nigeria |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/20348985/ |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=Bloomberg |language=en}}</ref> == Nasarar da aka samu a Bankin Gida na Tarayya == * Tattara N279 biliyan a cikin ƙarin gudummawa ga shirin Asusun Gidaje na Kasa (NHF). Lokacin da Arch Dangiwa ya ɗauki gudanarwar bankin, biliyan 232 ne kawai suka tara zuwa shirin NHF a cikin shekaru 25 a kusan biliyan 9.28 a kowace shekara Arch Dangiwa wa tawagarsa ta tattara biliyan 279 a ƙarin gudummawa ga shirin NHF da matsakaicin biliyan N55.8 a kowace shekara. * Rubuce-rubucen biyan kuɗi na rancen gidaje biliyan 175 da kuma kuɗin gini. (1) samar da rancen jinginar gida na NHF ga masu cin gajiyar 5,938. (2) samar da rancen gyaran gida ga 77,575 (3) samar da gidaje masu araha a duk fadin kasar. * Karin tarihi a cikin sarrafa N39.5 biliyan a cikin maidowa ga masu ba da gudummawa 247,521 na NHF da suka yi ritaya. * Farawa da farawa na aikin biranen FMBN biliyan 40. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-27 |title=property ministry targets over 1000 units in new Housing scheme |url=https://guardian.ng/property/ministry-targets-over-1000-units-in-new-housing-scheme/ |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Guardian |language=en}}</ref> * Tarihin Tarihi don inganta farashi na FMBN Gidajen gidaje ga talakawa Najeriya. Wannan ya hada da wadannan. (1) Binciken da ake buƙata don biyan kuɗi na FMBN Gidaje. (2) Ci gaban sabbin kayayyakin gidaje don fadada farashi. (3) Arch Dangiwa ya jagoranci kokarin bunkasa rance na Diaspora. Don taimakawa 'yan Najeriya da ke zaune a kasashen waje mallakar gidajensu ba tare da dangi ko abokai a Najeriya su yaudare su ba.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title=Ahmed Musa Dangiwa a good omen for katsinawa |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/ahmed-musa-a-good-omen-for-katsinawa/ |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=blueprint Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ci gaban shirin dabarun shekaru biyar don FMBN.<ref name="auto1" /> * Gyara Backlog na asusun kudi na FMBN. * Taswirar Canjin Dijital don FMBN. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * Kyautar Kyauta Ta hanyar shirya taron [[Kankia]] Transformation na [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jihar]] [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]]. * Kyautar Kyaututtuka; Real Estate da kansa na shekara ta 2018. * Takardar shaidar hidima a matsayin memba na lambar yabo ta majalisa. * Jami'in sabis na jama'a na shekara 2018. * Kyautar yabo ta Icon ta shekara ta 2018. * Cibiyar Kula da Ci gaban Gidaje da Gidajen TV Afirka. * Gwarzon Karfafawa da Kasuwanci a Kyautar Najeriya. * Kyautar Ci gaban Gidaje da Gudanar da Muhalli. * Kyautar Bankin Kasuwanci na Shekara. * Kyautar Shugaban kasa don aikin sana'a 2021. * Kyautar Kyauta Ta hanyar mafi kyawun ma'aikata don tallafawa mallakar gida a Najeriya. * Kyautar dukiyar Najeriya ta 2018. Kyautar NECA'S 2020 mai ba da aiki. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Abubuwan sha'awa na Dangiwa sun haɗa da tafiya, haɗin kai da daukar hoto. Ya yi aure kuma yana da yara. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] skvwy0kp0ixh5ew9h3dvz0z8zhw7ji2 0 54311 552199 366516 2024-12-05T08:49:02Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 552199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Taiwo Ogunnimo''' furodusa ce ta [[Nollywood]] na Najeriya, ma'aikaciyar hulɗa da jama'a kuma malamar jami'a.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-05 |title=Taiwo Ogunnimo: Retelling Sex Education Through Films |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/taiwo-ogunnimo-retelling-sex-education-through-films/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720161505/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/taiwo-ogunnimo-retelling-sex-education-through-films/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MTN Nigeria rewards winner of AMVCA Best Short Film Category {{!}} Encomium Magazine |date=6 June 2022 |url=https://encomium.ng/mtn-nigeria-rewards-winner-of-amvca-best-short-film-category/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin shekarar ta 2022, ta sami lambar yabo ta 2022 AMVCA gajeriyar lambar yabo ta I Am ''The Prostitute Mama described'' a gajeriyar fim ta doke sauran ƴan takara guda shida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-14 |title=AMCVA 2022: See full list of winners [UPDATED] |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/amcva-2022-see-full-list-of-winners-so-far-updated/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotayo |first=Yusuf |date=2022-05-15 |title=Taiwo Ogunnimo Wins First AMVCA for I Am The Prostitute Mama Described |url=https://thenet.ng/taiwo-ogunnimo-wins-first-amvca-for-i-am-the-prostitute-mama-described/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-22 |title=Top 10 female awardees at the AMVCA |url=https://www.amazonswatchmagazine.com/the-celebrity-amazon/top-10-female-awardees-at-the-amvca/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Amazons Watch Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi karatun Turanci a Jami’ar Babcock sannan ta yi MSc a fannin adabi a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami’ar Legas]].<ref name="auto"/> Ta kara zuwa kasar Burtaniya don yin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Coventry inda ta kammala karatun ta da sakamako mai kyau (distinction) a fannin sadarwar, al'adu da yaɗa labarai. == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9st1sodql2cc0lgmrurh6ydz7m3f0l6 0 54729 552355 411031 2024-12-05T11:46:47Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 552355 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan wani ƙauye ne dake cikin ƙaramar hukumar Egbeda, a cikin jihar oyo. {{Stub}} odxz0fvreu3xtwdwbeyupv3mji5wwkm 0 57029 551753 513082 2024-12-04T14:40:39Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551753 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Motihari station, India, ca. 1906 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-6).jpg|thumb|Tashar motihari]] [[Fayil:Henry Bazaar, Motihari, India, ca. 1906 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-10).jpg|thumb|moyihari india]] [[Fayil:Motihari station, India, ca. 1906 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-6).jpg|thumb|Motihari]] Gari ne da yake a Yankin Purba Champaran dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a Kaspar indiya. Akidayar shekarar 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 126,128. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == gc2e91tsps4b9032o7eblcnx959abk4 0 57552 551726 484422 2024-12-04T14:17:34Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Honda civic type r.jpg|Honda_civic_type_r|right|300px]] [[File:Honda Civic Type R Customer Racing Study IMG 0298.jpg|Honda_Civic_Type_R_Customer_Racing_Study_IMG_0298|right|300px]] [[File:White 2019 Honda Civic Type R GT.jpg|White_2019_Honda_Civic_Type_R_GT|right|300px]] [[File:The interior of Honda CIVIC TYPE R PROTOTYPE (2016).jpg|The_interior_of_Honda_CIVIC_TYPE_R_PROTOTYPE_(2016)|right|300px]] [[File:Honda CIVIC TYPE R (FK8) interior.jpg|Honda_CIVIC_TYPE_R_(FK8)_interior|right|300px]] [[Fayil:Honda Civic XI hatchback 002.jpg|thumb|Honda Civic]] [[Fayil:Honda Civic Type R (2017) 1X7A0093.jpg|thumb|Honda Civic Type R]] [[Fayil:Honda Civic type R 02.jpg|thumb|Honda Civic Type R 02]] [[Fayil:Honda Civic Type R Customer Racing Study IMG 0298.jpg|thumb|Honda Civic Type R]] Honda Civic Type R jerin manyan hatchback / sedan model ne na [[Honda Civic|civic]], haɓakawa da samarwa ta Honda tun Satumba 19. Nau'in Civic na farko R shine samfuri na uku don karɓar lambar lambar Honda's Type R (bayan NSX da Integra ). Nau'in nau'in R na Civic yawanci suna da haske da taurin jiki, injuna na musamman, da ingantattun birki da chassis, kuma ana bayar da su ne kawai a cikin watsa mai sauri-biyar ko shida. Kamar sauran nau'in r modoci, ana amfani da ja a bangon Honda Badge don ba shi ɗan wasa na wasanni na musamman kuma ya ware shi daga wasu samfuran. == EK9 (1997; dangane da ƙarni na shida Civic) ==   Civic na farko da ya karɓi farantin sunan ' Nau'in R ' ya dogara ne akan ƙarni na shida na fan-base 'EK' Civic. Samfurin tushe mai ba da gudummawa shine JDM Civic 3-kofa hatchback da ake kira SiR (lamba mai suna EK4). Kamar ɗan'uwansa, Integra Type R DC2 / JDM DB8, Civic SiR ta canji a cikin wani nau'i na R ya samu ta hanyar yin aiki a kan samfurin tushe da kuma inganta shi zuwa ra'ayin Honda na mota mai iya yin babban aiki a kan kewaye. An gabatar da Civic na farko da ya karɓi lambar Type R a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1997, azaman EK9. EK9 ya raba halaye da yawa tare da Nau'in Integra R DC2 / JDM DB8 kamar tsallakewar mutuwar sauti da sauran matakan rage nauyi, injin B16B mai ɗaukar hoto, gaban helical iyakance-zamewa bambanci da watsa ragi na kusa . Injin B16B ya yi alfahari da ɗayan mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kowace lita na kowane lokaci don injin da ake so na zahiri tare da {{Convert|185|PS|kW hp|0}} a 8,200 rpm da {{Convert|160|Nm|lbft|0}} a 7,500 rpm na karfin juyi daga {{Convert|1595|cc|L|1}} na ƙaura. A karon farko, an yi amfani da dabarar kabu mai welded monocoque chassis don inganta rigidity na chassis. Cikin ciki ya nuna jajayen kujerun guga na Recaro, katunan kofa, jajayen katifa na bene na nau'in R, kullin motsi na titanium, da sitiyarin nannade fata na Momo . EK9 yana samuwa ne kawai don siyarwa a Japan. Ƙididdiga masu aiki sun haɗa da 0–97 km/h (0-60 mph) lokacin hanzari na daƙiƙa 6.7 da lokacin mil kwata na 15.3 seconds. EK9 na iya kaiwa babban gudun 225 km/h (140 mph) . A cikin 1998, an gabatar da bugun Civic Type R Motor Sports. Ya zo tare da ƙafafun karfe, daidaitaccen ciki EK launin toka, tagogin hannu, babu kwandishan kuma ba tare da wani jin daɗin halitta ba. Nau'in Rx da aka gabatar a cikin 1999 an ba da na'urar CD, madubin ƙofar lantarki mai launin jiki, tagogin wutar lantarki, kwandishan na atomatik, tsarin buɗe maɓalli na maɓalli, fedal ɗin wasanni na aluminum, da kwamiti na nau'in carbon. Nau'in Rx shine samfurin ƙarshe na tsarar EK9. Samar da Nau'in Civic na EK9 R ya kai raka'a 16,000. A cikin 1999, Kamfanin tuning Honda Spoon Sports ya tsara nau'in tseren N1 na Type R wanda ke da layin injin B16B ya karu daga 8,400.&nbsp;rpm zuwa 11,000&nbsp;rpm. == EP3 (2001; dangane da ƙarni na bakwai Civic) == A cikin 2001, Honda ya gabatar da ƙarni na gaba na Civic Type R a matsayin keɓaɓɓen hatchback mai ƙofa 3 zuwa kasuwar Burtaniya, wanda aka kera a Swindon, Ingila. Wannan Kasuwar Cikin Gida ta Turai ta Civic Type R ta ƙunshi {{Convert|200|PS|kW hp|0}} injin i-VTEC 2.0-lita (K20A2) da nau'in nau'in R na yau da kullun na maganin walda, watsa saurin 6-gudu da haɓaka birki, amma bai haɗa da wasu manyan fasalulluka na ƙarshe ba kamar ƙarancin helical. -slip bambancin kujerun tseren Recaro ja waɗanda suka kasance daidai da EK9. Koyaya, Honda ya tallata sigar JDM ( kasuwar cikin gida ta Jafananci ) na EP3 (wanda aka kera shi na musamman a Swindon, UK kuma an tura shi zuwa Japan), wanda ya riƙe babban mashahurin helical LSD mai kama da na EK9 da jajayen kujerun tseren Recaro . Sauran bambance-bambancen samfurin JDM sun haɗa da ƙarin saitunan chassis mai ɗaukar waƙa idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar Turai da kuma injin da ya fi ƙarfin da ke da ƙarfin {{Convert|215|PS|kW hp|0}} (wanda aka zana K20A) yana da cikakkiyar ma'auni na crankshaft taro tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan abinci daban-daban, nau'ikan shaye-shaye, camshafts masu ɗagawa, manyan pistons masu matsawa, chrome-moly flywheel da shirye-shiryen ECU. Dukkanin na'urorin wutar lantarki na K20A na nau'in R na Japan-spec an gina su a cikin Japan kuma an tura su zuwa shukar Swindon da za a girka a cikin nau'in Japan-spec Type R EP3. Hakanan ana samun JDM EP3 a cikin Nau'in Gasar Gasar Cin Kofin gargajiya na gargajiya yayin da kasuwar cikin gida ta Turai (EDM) ba ta kasance ba. EDM yana da mafi annashuwa ma'auni na kayan aiki da kuma wasu ƙananan juzu'in rpm da aka yi ciniki don ƙananan rpm idan aka kwatanta da bambancin JDM. pfsrnxfb5y70f7juymjxi64mdie1da4 0 58047 551946 489724 2024-12-04T21:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ali Bongo Ondimba''' (an haife shi '''Alain Bernard Bongo''' ; 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1959), <ref name="Who"/> wani lokaci ana kiransa '''Ali Bongo''', ɗan siyasan, [[Gabon]] ne wanda shine shugaban Gabon na uku daga shekarar 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2023. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/30/gabon-coup-military-takeover-gabonese-election-disputed Gabon military officers declare coup after Ali Bongo wins disputed electio]. The Guardian, Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref> Dan jam'iyyar Democradiyyar Gabon ne . [[Fayil:Ali Bongo Ondimba at Chatham House 2012.jpg|thumb|Ali Bongo Ondimba]] Ali Bongo dan [[Omar Bongo]] ne, wanda ya kasance shugaban kasar Gabon daga 1967 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2009. A lokacin shugabancin mahaifinsa, ya kasance Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 1989 zuwa 1991, ya wakilci Bongoville a matsayin mataimaki a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 1991 zuwa 1999, kuma ya kasance Ministan Tsaro daga 1999 zuwa 2009. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, ya lashe zaben shugaban kasar Gabon a shekara ta 2009 . <ref name="Poll">[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iRwYhEOaEA0l4a-x2t1jAqOszcDg "Bongo's son to be Gabon candidate in August poll"], AFP, 16 July 2009.</ref> An sake zabe shi a shekara ta 2016, a zabukan da suka yi fama da kura-kurai da dama da tsare mutane da take hakkin dan Adam da zanga-zangar bayan zabe da tashin hankali . <ref name="Unrest">[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gkdcOASO9nPzyCXOdnE5wmPfq0nAD9AG1AMG2 "Unrest as dictator's son declared winner in Gabon"], Associated Press, 3 September 2009.</ref> Sojoji sun tumbuke shi daga shugabancin kasar bayan sakamakon zaben gama gari na Gabon na 2023, a [[Juyin mulkin Gabon 2023|juyin mulkin da aka yi a Gabon a 2023]] . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == === Haihuwa === An haifi Ali Bongo Alain Bernard Bongo a [[Brazzaville]],<ref name="Who"/> a matsayin dan Albert-Bernard Bongo (daga baya [[Omar Bongo|Omar Bongo Ondimba]]) da Josephine Kama (daga baya Patience Dabany). Mahaifiyarsa tana da shekara 18 a lokacin da aka haife shi. An haife shi watanni 18 kafin auren Albert-Bernard kuma an yi ta yayata jita-jitar kasancewarsa dan rikon Bongo, da'awar cewa ya kore.<ref name="Fils">Bernard, Philippe (17 June 2009) [http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2009/06/17/ali-ben-bongo-monsieur-fils_1207877_3212.html "Ali Ben Bongo, Monsieur Fils"], ''Le Monde'' {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> === Ilimi da aikin kiɗa === Bongo ya yi karatu a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta a Neuilly, [[Faransa]], sannan ya karanci shari'a a Sorbonne . <ref name="BBCprofile">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46074728 "Who is Ali Bongo, president of Gabon?"], BBC News, 7 January 2019</ref> A cikin 2018, ya sami digiri na girmamawa na digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Wuhan da ke China. <ref name="WuhanHonorary">[https://en.whu.edu.cn/info/1050/3910.htm "Honorary Doctorate of Law awarded to Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of the Gabonese Republic by Wuhan University"], Wuhan University, 14 September 2022</ref> A cikin 1977, ya fitar da kundin funk, ''A Brand New Man'', wanda Charles Bobbit ya yi. <ref name="BBCprofile" /> === Farkon sana'ar siyasa === Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na shari'a, ya shiga siyasa, ya shiga jam'iyyar Democratic Party ta Gabon ( French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais </link> , an gajarta PDG) a cikin 1981; An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar tsakiya na PDG a babban taron jam’iyyar na uku a watan Maris 1983. Bayan haka, ya kasance wakilin mahaifinsa na musamman a PDG kuma a wannan matsayi ya shiga Ofishin Siyasa na PDG a 1984. Daga nan aka zabe shi a ofishin siyasa a babban taron jam’iyya a watan Satumbar 1986. Bongo ya rike mukamin babban wakilin shugaban kasar daga 1987 zuwa 1989. <ref name="Who">"Bongo Ali", ''Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 4, [http://www.africaintelligence.fr Africa Intelligence], 5 March 2002 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> A cikin 1989, mahaifinsa ya nada shi a gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje da Hadin kai, <ref name="Who" /> ya maye gurbin Martin Bongo . <ref name="Barnes" /> An dauke shi a matsayin mai kawo sauyi a cikin PDG mai mulki a farkon shekarun 1990. <ref name="Fils"/> A zaben majalisar dokoki na 1990 (zaben farko bayan gabatar da siyasar jam’iyyu da yawa), an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin kasa a matsayin dan takarar jam’iyyar PDG a lardin Haut-Ogooué . <ref name="Who" /> Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje, gyaran kundin tsarin mulki na 1991 wanda ya sanya mafi karancin shekaru 35 ga ministoci ya sa ya fice daga gwamnati. <ref name="Fils" /> Bayan ficewar sa daga gwamnati, Bongo ya hau kujerar mataimakinsa a majalisar dokokin kasar a shekarar 1991. A cikin Fabrairu 1992, <ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB2A2FA4561846E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "A crowning glory for Michael Jackson"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315070342/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB2A2FA4561846E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 13 February 1992, page D02.</ref> ya shirya ziyarar da mawakin Amurka [[Michael Jackson]] ya kai Gabon. <ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gei4ZmCZ9lRv_JnLvoDBIHqXBVQA "Africans mourn Jackson, but not without criticism"], AFP, 26 June 2009.</ref> [[File:The_Minister_for_National_Defence_of_Gabon,_Mr._Ali_Bongo_Ondimba_meeting_with_the_Defence_Minister,_Shri_A._K._Antony,_in_New_Delhi_on_November_05,_2007.jpg|left|thumb| Ali Bongo tare da AK Antony a New Delhi, 2007]] Bongo ya zama shugaban majalisar koli ta harkokin addinin musulunci ta Gabon ( Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) a shekara ta 1996. Kafin zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na watan Disamba na shekarar 1996, wani mai goyon bayan ministan tsaro Idriss Ngari ya kalubalanci Bongo a matsayin jam'iyyar PDG a matsayin dan majalisarsa, amma Bongo ya samu nasarar lashe zaben tare da rike kujerar. A cikin tsira daga wannan ƙalubalen, ya amfana daga taimakon kawun mahaifiyarsa Jean-Boniface Assélé, daya daga cikin manyan abokan siyasa. Bayan fiye da shekaru bakwai a matsayin Mataimakin, An nada Bongo a matsayin ministan tsaro na kasa a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1999. A zaben 'yan majalisu na Disamba 2001, an zabi Bongo a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar PDG a lardin Haut-Ogooué. <ref name="Who"/> A babban taron PDG na takwas a watan Yuli 2003, an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban PDG. A lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na 2005, ya yi aiki a yakin neman zaben mahaifinsa a matsayin Coordinator-General of Youth. Bayan wannan zaben, an kara masa girma zuwa matsayin karamin minista a ranar 21 ga Janairun 2006, yayin da yake rike da mukamin na tsaro. An sake zaben Bongo a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin kasar a zaben majalisar dokokin kasar da aka yi a watan Disamba na shekarar 2006 a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar PDG a lardin Haut-Ogooué. Ya ci gaba da rike mukaminsa na karamin ministan tsaron kasa bayan zaben, duk da cewa daga baya aka mayar da shi mukamin minista a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2007. A babban taro na tara na PDG a watan Satumbar 2008, an sake zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban PDG. == Zabe da shugaban kasa == [[File:Ali_Bongo_Ondimba_and_Hillary_Clinton.jpg|left|thumb|226x226px| Hillary Clinton ta gana da Ali Bongo a Washington, 2010]] Omar Bongo ya mutu a wani asibiti a Spain a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2009. Ali Bongo ya bayyana a gidan Talabijin a wannan daren don yin kira da "a kwantar da hankali da natsuwa da mutunta juna don kiyaye hadin kai da zaman lafiya ga mahaifinmu marigayi". <ref>[http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/114/article_3968.asp "Bongo's son appeals for calm as country goes into mourning"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108050049/http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/114/article_3968.asp |date=2019-01-08 }}, Radio France Internationale, 9 June 2009.</ref> Bayan da mahaifinsa ya nada shi a manyan mukamai, an yi la'akari da cewa zai iya fitowa a matsayin magajin mahaifinsa bayan mutuwar karshen a watan Yuni 2009. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8088382.stm Gabon denies Omar Bongo's death]. BBC. 8 June 2009</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8153318.stm Bongo son set for Gabon candidacy]. BBC. 16 July 2009.</ref> Wasu rahotannin manema labarai sun yi hasashen cewa za a fuskanci gwagwarmayar neman mulki, duk da haka, suna nuna cewa akwai "mummunan hamayya" tsakanin Bongo da 'yar uwarsa Pascaline, wacce ita ce Darakta a majalisar ministocin shugaban kasa. An kuma yi tambaya game da matakin goyon bayan Ali Bongo a cikin shugabancin PDG a cikin manema labarai, kuma an yi zargin cewa yawancin 'yan Gabon "suna kallonsa a matsayin bataccen yaro, wanda aka haifa a Kongo-Brazzaville, wanda ya girma a Faransa, da wuya ya iya magana da harsunan asali. kuma da bayyanar tauraruwar hip hop". <ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-parisian-treasures-of-african-tyrants-french-government-may-seize-mansions-and-luxury-cars-of-corrupt-regimes-8706535.html The Parisian treasures of African tyrants: French government may seize mansions and luxury cars of corrupt regimes], ''[[The Independent]]'', 12 July 2013</ref> [[File:Obamas_with_Bongo_and_Dlamini-Zuma_at_summit.jpg|thumb|224x224px| Bongo tare da [[Barack Obama|Barack]] da Michelle Obama a wani taro a 2014]] Bongo yana daya daga cikin 'yan takara goma da suka gabatar da bukatar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar PDG a farkon zaben shugaban kasa, wanda aka shirya yi a ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2009. Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na PDG [[Angel Ondo]] ya sanar a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli cewa shugabancin jam'iyyar ya zabi Bongo bisa amincewar amincewa a matsayin dan takarar PDG, ko da yake har yanzu wannan shawarar tana bukatar a tabbatar da ita a hukumance a babban taron jam'iyyar. <ref name="Poll"/> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8153318.stm "Bongo son set for Gabon candidacy"], BBC News, 16 July 2009.</ref> Wani babban taron PDG na musamman ya ayyana Bongo a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar a ranar 19 ga Yuli. A wannan karon, ya gode wa wakilan da suka zaba, yana mai cewa “yana sane da irin damuwar da jama’a ke da shi; ya sha alwashin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma "sake rarraba kudaden ci gaban tattalin arziki" a matsayin shugaban kasa. <ref name="delegates">[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20090720090748336C529611 "Ali Bongo Ondimba: I commit myself before you"] (''IOL'')</ref> Duk da tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa, Bongo ya ci gaba da rike mukamin ministan tsaro a gwamnatin da aka nada a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2009. Rogombé ya bukaci a kwantar da hankula tare da yin kira ga 'yan takarar su kasance "cancantar" kuri'un da za su samu. 'Yan adawa sun yi kakkausar suka kan ci gaba da shigar da Bongo cikin gwamnati. Bayan da shugabar rikon kwarya Rose Francine Rogombé ta ce za a maye gurbin Bongo ta yadda dukkan ‘yan takara za su kasance a kafa daya a zaben, an nada ministan harkokin cikin gida [[Jean-François Ndongou]] ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Bongo a matsayin ministan tsaro na wucin gadi lokacin zaben. yakin neman zabe a hukumance ya fara ranar 15 ga Agusta 2009. [[File:Jefa_de_Estado_participa_en_ceremonia_de_apertura_del_evento_de_Alto_Nivel_de_la_COP_22_(30701202050).jpg|left|thumb|230x230px| Bongo (na uku daga hagu) tare da wasu shugabannin jihohi a 2016]] Kwanaki kadan bayan zaben ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2009, an bayyana cewa ya lashe zaben da kashi 42% na kuri'un da aka kada, kuma kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta tabbatar da sakamakon. 'Yan adawa sun yi watsi da sakamakon a hukumance, kuma an barke da tarzoma a birnin na biyu mafi girma a Gabon, Port-Gentil . <ref name="Unrest"/> Dangane da zargin zamba, kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta sake yin kidayar kuri'un kafin ta sake bayyana Bongo a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben da kashi 41.79% na kuri'un da aka kada a ranar 12 ga Oktoban 2009; Daga nan aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 16 ga Oktoba. Shugabannin kasashen Afirka daban-daban ne suka halarci bikin. Bongo ya bayyana kudirinsa na tabbatar da adalci da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a wurin bikin ya kuma ce akwai bukatar daukar mataki cikin gaggawa don dawo da kwarin gwiwa da inganta bullar sabon fata. Ya kuma yi ishara da falsafar mulkin mahaifinsa na kiyaye zaman lafiya ta hanyar yanki, kabilanci, da daidaiton siyasa wajen rabon mukamai, yayin da ya kuma jaddada cewa "fifi, kwarewa da aiki" sun ma fi "la'akarin kasa da siyasa". Daga baya kuma, ya sanar da sake nada Paul Biyoghe Mba a matsayin Firayim Minista; ya bayyana hakan ne da kansa "don jaddada mahimmancin wannan lokacin". A cewar Bongo, Biyoghe Mba yana da kwarewar da ta dace da kuma kwarewar gudanarwa "don jagorantar mu zuwa mataki na gaba", kuma ya ce za a fara aiki "nan da nan". <ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gHh54grvSE_TmRIdWUadsF1Mhyag "Bongo sworn in as Gabon president"], AFP, 16 October 2009.</ref> An sanar da kafa sabuwar gwamnatin Biyoghe Mba a ranar 17 ga Oktoba; an rage shi zuwa ministoci 30 kacal, wanda hakan ya cika alkawarin da Bongo ya yi a yakin neman zabe na rage girman gwamnati da kuma rage kashe kudade. Har ila yau, yawancin gwamnati ta ƙunshi sabbin fuskoki, ciki har da ƙwararrun Ministoci, kamar su Paul Toungui (Ministan Harkokin Waje), Jean-François Ndongou (Ministan Cikin Gida), da Laure Olga Gondjout (Ministan Sadarwa), sun rike mukamansu. . [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(45245994881).jpg|thumb|227x227px| Ali Bongo Ondimba yana magana a taron cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba a London, Oktoba 2018]] A ranar 9 ga watan Yunin 2011, Ali Bongo da [[Barack Obama]] sun gana a fadar White House. AmmaA cikin 2012, an yi arangama tsakanin magoya bayan dan adawa André Mba Obame da 'yan sanda a [[Libreville]] . A watan Yuli na 2015 ya sadu da [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] inda ya gayyace shi zuwa [[Gabon]] . A lokacin ziyarar tasa ya ji kunyar salon sa tufafi tunda da yawa daga cikin ‘yan adawa sun yi imanin cewa tun yana da arziki sai ya sanya wani abu mai kyau. A ranar 17 ga watan Agustan 2015, Bongo ya bayyana cewa ya shirya bayar da duk wani abu da ya gada daga mahaifinsa ga matasan Gabon, a matsayin "ginshikin matasa da ilimi". Da yake bayyana matakin da ya dauka, ya ce "dukkan mu gadon Omar Bongo Ondimba ne" don haka "ba wani dan Gabon da ya bari a gefen hanya". <ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/gabon-president-says-giving-inheritance-countrys-youth-024926776.html "Gabon president says giving inheritance to country's youth"], Agence France-Presse, 17 August 2015.</ref> Tattalin arzikin Gabon ya ci gaba da kasancewa bisa dabarun hayar gida, tare da sadaukar da kai ga samarwa da fitar da albarkatun kasa. Matsaloli da yawa sun ci gaba da ƙari: yawan rashin aikin yi kusan kashi 30% na yawan jama'a a cikin 2016, kama da sauri yayin zanga-zangar dalibi ko gungiyar (da yawa tun daga Janairu 2016), tabarbarewar samun damar kula da lafiya (a yanzu ana bugatar ajiya na 300,000 CFA francs don shiga. asibitin ƙarancin sabis na jama'a, raguwar wutar lantarki akai-akai. Fiye da rabin al'ummar kasar ba su da talauci. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2018, Bongo yana asibiti a [[Riyadh]] saboda rashin lafiya da ba a bayyana ba. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2018 an mayar da Bongo asibitin sojoji a [[Rabat]] don ci gaba da samun sauki. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 2018 mataimakin shugaban kasar Gabon Moussavou ya ruwaito cewa Bongo ya kamu da cutar shanyewar jiki a Riyadh, kuma tun daga nan ya bar asibitin Rabat, kuma a halin yanzu yana samun sauki a wani gida mai zaman kansa a Rabat. Daga 24 ga Oktoba 2018 zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2019, ba a ga Bongo a bainar jama'a ba, abin da ya haifar da cece-ku-ce game da yiwuwar ya mutu ko kuma ya gaza. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2019, Bongo ya ba da jawabinsa na farko ga jama'a ta hanyar faifan bidiyo da aka sanya a kafafen sada zumunta tun lokacin da ya yi fama da rashin lafiya a watan Oktoban 2018 yana soke jita-jitar mutuwarsa. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin masu adawa da Bongo da ke zaune a kasashen waje sun nuna shakku kan sahihancin faifan bidiyon inda wasu ke ikirarin cewa mutumin da ya bayar da adireshin ba Bongo ba ne, amma mutum biyu ne. A watan Agustan 2019, Bongo ya fito fili na farko tun bayan bugun jini. Ya sha bayyana a bainar jama'a yana amfani da keken guragu a lokuta da dama tun bayan bugun jini. [[File:Félix Tshisekedi, Joe Biden & Ali Bongo (2021).jpg|left|thumb|224x224px| Ondimba tare da shugaban Amurka [[Joe Biden]] da shugaban DRC Felix Tshisekedi a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2021]] A ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2019, sojoji a Gabon sun yi yunkurin juyin mulki . Yunkurin juyin mulkin ya ci tura, kuma gwamnati ta yi nasarar sake tabbatar da ikonta. Mai yiyuwa ne juyin mulkin bai faru ba ko da yake, kamar yadda masu suka suka ruwaito, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman dabarar gwamnati don samun goyon baya. Sakamakon rashin lafiyar da Bongo ya yi a fagen siyasa, Gabon ta sha fama da yawaitar cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance kan harkokin kasuwanci na kasashen waje. A farkon watan Janairun 2020 ne Majalisar Dattawa da ta kasa suka amince da sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar wanda zai baiwa shugaban kasa damar nada kashi daya bisa uku na Sanatoci a madadin zabe, da dai sauran sauye-sauye. A cikin Oktoba 2021, an saka sunan Bongo a cikin leak din Pandora Papers . == Iyali == Ali Bongo ya auri matarsa ta farko, haifaffiyar Faransa Sylvia Valentin a shekarar 1989; ita 'yar Édouard Valentin ce, Shugaba na kamfanin inshora na [[Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances]] (OGAR). Matar Édouard Valentin Evelyne tana aiki a sakatariyar shugaban kasa, <ref>Robert, Anne-Cécile (February 2006) [http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2006/02/ROBERT/13168 Mélange des genres]. ''Le Monde diplomatique''. Retrieved 4 April 2014.</ref> kuma Édouard shine ''Chargé des affaires sociales'' a [[Gabonese Employers Confederation|Gabon Employers Confederation]] (Confedération patronale gabonaise, CPG). A 1994 Ali Bongo ya auri matarsa ta biyu, Ba’amurke {{Interlanguage link|Inge Lynn Collins Bongo|fr}}, daga Los Angeles, California; a lokacin zaben Ali Bongo a matsayin shugaban kasa, Inge Bongo na zaune ne akan tamburan abinci a California, kuma daga baya ta shigar da karar saki a 2015. <ref name="eDaily Kenya" /> [[Fayil:Ali Bongo Ondimba (13.01.2023) - Cropped.jpg|thumb|Ali Bongo Ondimba]] Yana da yaya hudu—diya daya, Malika Bongo Ondimba, da yaya maza uku, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba da Bilal Bongo—wanda shi da Sylvia suka karbe su a shekarar 2002. <ref>[http://saharanvibe.blogspot.com/2009/09/ali-ben-bongo-ondimba-succession-story.html Saharan Vibe: Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba- A Succession Story]. Saharanvibe.blogspot.com (10 September 2009). Retrieved 4 April 2014.</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Category:Shugabannin Afirka]] [[Category:Shugaban Kasa]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sydsap3uop2p5gx9xy189ej2mn74qfc 0 58885 551783 522360 2024-12-04T15:42:08Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:ISS021-E-7867_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ra'ayin sararin samaniya na tafkin tsibirin Wallis ciki har da tsibirin Nukuhifala]] [[Fayil:Nukuhifala (NASA ISS002-E-7405) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nukuhifala]] '''Nukuhifala''' tsibiri ne na Wallis da Futuna. Tana kusa da gabar gabas na Mata-Utu, tsibirin Wallis.<ref name="GM">{{Google maps | url =https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-13.283333,-176.183333&spn=0.1,0.1&t=h&q=-13.283333,-176.183333 | accessdate =5 May 2013}}</ref> Matsugunin kawai shine ƙaramin ƙauye a bakin tekun kudu maso yamma.Ya ta'allaka ne a kan bakin murjani na waje.Tana da yawan jama'a hudu.<ref name="Laboratory1976">{{cite book|last=Laboratory|first=Eniwetok Marine Biological|title=Contributions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhEkAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=5 May 2013|year=1976|publisher=EMBL's successor, the Mid-Pacific Marine Laboratory supported by the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research, Energy Research and Development Administration}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} 57d64xgwua2g2wydnqmc67msjl8gc23 0 58904 551720 504956 2024-12-04T14:10:29Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Garudeya Songsong Buwana.png|thumb|songsong]] [[Fayil:Ruins at Sitio Songsong.png|thumb|songsong]] [[Fayil:Garudeya Songsong Buwana.png|thumb|Waƙar waƙa]] '''Songsong''' shine ƙauye na biyu mafi girma a tsibirin Rota,Arewacin Mariana Islands,[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].Ya zuwa 2000,yawanta ya kai 593. Songong yana kusa da bakin tekun kudu,a cikin ƴan ƴar ƴan ƴan ƴan mata.Alamar da aka fi sanin ƙauyen shine Dutsen Taipingot,wanda aka fi sani da Dutsen Bikin Bikin aure saboda kamanceceniya da kek ɗin bikin aure. Kalmar songong kalma ce ta Chamorro ma'ana "kauye,mutane." Kauyen da kansa ya rabu zuwa gundumomi da yawa: * Gundumar 1 * Gundumar 2 * Gundumar 3 * Gundumar 4 * Annex F * Liyo' * Kauyen Teneto{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2019}}</link> == Ilimi == Commonwealth na Tsarin Makarantun Jama'a na Tsibirin Arewacin Mariana m27u1cnddhyk67yzu8potqlu5oj3lp5 0 58936 552348 506313 2024-12-05T11:44:28Z Maryamarh 29382 552348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:1980 Census of Population. Number of Inhabitants. American Samoa (IA 1980censusofpop80156unse).pdf|thumb|jadawalin.kidayarsu a 1980]] '''Agugul,''' ƙauye ne a kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Tutuila,Samoa na Amurka.Yana kusa da 'Amanave,ba da nisa da tip na yammacin tsibirin.Tana cikin gundumar Lealataua. [[File:Agugulu_village_pos.jpg|right|thumb| Taswirar Tutuila inda aka yiwa Aguulu alama da ja.]] == Alkaluma == {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; border:1px #000; margin-left:1em;" ! colspan="2" style="background:#AF9999;" |Girman yawan jama'a |- | 2010 | 51 |- | 2000 | 45 |- | 1990 | 42 |- | 1980 | 38 |- | 1970 | 44 |- | 1960 | 36 |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} rf1gpn4xnccj84wwibnzpzfi32synt2 0 59563 551782 510609 2024-12-04T15:41:09Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Rafting on Akitio River 2005.JPG|thumb|kogon akitio]] [[Fayil:Akitio River (14191042940).jpg|thumb|Hoton login akitio]] [[Fayil:Akitio River (14191042940).jpg|thumb|Kogin Ākitio]] '''Kogin Ākitio''' yana cikin Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand.Yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso gabas na {{Convert|35|km|mi}}, Shiga [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pasifik]] a Ākitio zuwa kudu na Cape Turnagain a bakin tekun gabas. A cikin Yuli 2020, Hukumar Geographic ta New Zealand ta sanya sunan kogin bisa hukuma a matsayin Kogin Ākitio. Cyclone Gabrielle ya sa bakin kogin ya motsa. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1244lcoq1js1j5j4fyxujpg5tv7x4bv 0 60081 552332 521490 2024-12-05T11:36:07Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 552332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hausawa, wani jinsi ne na jama'a da suka samu kansu mafi yawa a yammacin Afrika, mutane ne da suka kafa garuruwa daban-daban, sannan duk garin da suka kafa suna da jagoranci na sarautarsu. Ba su samu damar haɗa kansu wuri guda ƙarƙashin tuta ɗaya ba, hakan ya sa ake kiran kowanne da sunan garinsu da kuma sunan sarautarsu. kashi Abin da ya zo ga tarihi, ƙasar Hausa na da manyan garuruwa guda bakwai wato inda suka fara zama, waɗannan garuruwa sun haɗar da Daura da Gobir da Kano da Katsina da Zazzau da Rano da kuma Birom." Fitaccen masanin tarihin Hausawa, Farfesa Abdullahi Sa'id da almajiransa kamar Farfesa Mahadi Adamu, sun bayyana cewa "asalin Hausawa sun taho ne daga yankin Arewacin jamhuriyyar Nijar, wajen Agadas a yanzu, lokacin da Hamada ta fara buwaya sai neman waje mai danshi da lema da ruwa ya sa wasunsu suka fara sauya matsuguni" suka rika komawa waɗancan garuruwa da aka lasabta a sama da ke Najeriya. "Waɗanda suka fara kafa tarihi a cikin Hausawa sune Daurawa da suka bunkasa sai suka janyo hankalin mutane da dama daga mabanbantan wurare ciki harda Larabawa", in ji farfesa Mahadi Adamu. To masu salon Magana kan ce zama da madaukin kanwa shi ke kawo farin kai, ko da al'adunsu suka fara cudanya sai kuma sabbin matsaloli suka bijiro, da suka haɗa da yunwa da kuma yake-yake, a nan ne wasunsu suka fara hijira suna kafa wasu garuruwan da kuma sarautunsu, duk inda suka kafa gari sai su naɗa sarautarsu, da dama suna alakanta sarautarsu da ita Daura, amma wasu ba su alakanta ba. Farfesa Tijjani Muhammad Naniya ya ce "a wani kaulin kuma ana ganin Hausawa sun samo asali ne daga yankin gabashin Afrika, can wajen Habasha, dalili kuwa shi ne al'adun gargajiya irin na wannan wuri sun zama kusan daya da irin na Hausawa, domin kamar yadda Hausawa ke bautawa rana kafin zuwan musulunci haka su ma suke bauta wa rana, sannan kayan da suke sanyawa ma yafe ne kamar Hausawa, kana gidajensu ma na rufin bunu ne kamar yadda na Hausawa suke. Sannan har yau har gobe akwai irin wadannan Hausawa a Habasha."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-54267063.amp</ref> == Manazarta == 48c0tyset5he7xqpsz7zkquplv7xn17 0 60507 551935 526208 2024-12-04T21:00:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ALHASSAN TAMPULI SULEMANA.jpg|thumb|alhassan tampuli]] '''Alhaji Alhassan Tampuli Sulemana'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-21 |title=Alhassan Tampuli Sulemana |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/profile-of-deputy-transport-minister-designate-hassan-tampuli/alhassan-tampuli-sulemana/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani lokacin '''Hassan Tampuli''', [[Ghana|ɗan siyasan Ghana]] ne, lauya, masani kan makamashi kuma ɗan majalisa ta takwas a [[Ghana|jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana]] mai wakiltar mazabar Gushegu a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|yankin Arewa]] akan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sulemana,Tampuli Alhassan |url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/alhassan-tampuli-sulemana/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Ghana MPS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abedu-Kennedy |first=Dorcas |date=2021-01-07 |title=Meet the retiring MPs from the 7th Parliament |url=https://www.adomonline.com/meet-the-retiring-mps-from-the-7th-parliament/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne mataimakin ministan sufuri na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo not mandated to give reasons for sacking appointees - Alhassan Tampuli |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Akufo-Addo-not-mandated-to-give-reasons-for-sacking-appointees-Alhassan-Tampuli-1465816?gallery=1 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424004300/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Akufo-Addo-not-mandated-to-give-reasons-for-sacking-appointees-Alhassan-Tampuli-1465816?gallery=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-26 |title=Akufo-Addo to deputy ministers: Justify your selection, be loyal - Asaase Radio |url=https://asaaseradio.com/akufo-addo-to-deputy-ministers-justify-your-selection-be-loyal/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title=We’re committed to 20% expenditure cut- government on e-levy debate - Finance Minister - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/were-committed-to-20-expenditure-cut-government-on-e-levy-debate-finance-minister/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018 ya kasance shugaban hukumar man fetur ta kasa (NPA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ebony-was-a-moving-target-for-me-Hassan-Tampuli-625206|title=Ebony was a moving target for me – Hassan Tampuli|publisher=Ghana Web|access-date=2018-06-14|archive-date=2018-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614144259/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ebony-was-a-moving-target-for-me-Hassan-Tampuli-625206|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi '''Sulemana''' a ranar 27 ga [[Mayu]], 1976 a Gushegu a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|Arewacin]] kasar Ghana,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/business/economy/201701/304221.php|title=Lawyer Tampuli Heads NPA|work=Peace FM Online|date=27 January 2017|access-date=2018-06-14}}</ref> kuma ya fito ne daga Zinindo a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|yankin Arewacin]] [[Ghana]] . Ya kammala karatunsa na O Level a shekarar 1994. Ya kammala karatunsa na farko a jami'ar [[Ghana]] inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin harkokin kasuwanci. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa a tsarin bautar ƙasa . Ya tashi ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban [[Albarkatun dan'adam|Ma’aikatan Ma’aikata]], daga baya kuma ya zama daraktan yada labarai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npa.gov.gh/about-npa/npa-team?layout=edit&id=90|title=NPA - Hassan Tampuli|publisher=[[National Petroleum Authority]]|year=2017|access-date=2018-06-14}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma sami DPA a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a 2002. Daga nan ya samu digirinsa na farko a fannin harkokin gwamnati a shekarar 2005. Tampuli ya dauki hutu daga hidimar don yin karatun digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ghana. Ya sake samun LLB a cikin Janar [[Doka|Law]] a cikin 2009. Bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu na karatun jami'a, ya samu gurbin shiga Makarantar Koyon Shari'a ta Ghana. An kira shi zuwa Bar Ghana a 2011. Ya tafi Amurka don ci gaba da karatunsa na shari'a a shekarar 2013. Tampuli ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Moritz a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio tare da digiri na Master of Laws a makamashi da dokar muhalli .<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Member of Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=227 }}</ref> == Sana'a == === Aikin shari'a === Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na biyu, ya koma aikin yi wa kasa hidima ya kafa sashen shari’a a watan Afrilun 2014. Ya jagoranci sashen har zuwa 2015,< https://www.mot.gov.gh/2/13/2/hon-hassan-s-tampuli > lokacin da ya yi murabus daga sabis don haɗin gwiwar kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na gabas- gada Associates. Yayin da yake cikin Tsarin Hidima na Ƙasa, ya kasance malami mai ziyara a kan dokar tsarin mulki a Faculty of Law of Wisconsin International University College daga 2014 zuwa 2015. Ya yi murabus daga jami'a domin ya ci gaba da gudanar da aikin sa na shari'a. Hassan ya yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Makamashi da Albarkatun Ƙasa na kamfanin lauyoyi Bentsi - Enchil, Letsa & Ankomah a matsayin lauya. <ref name=":1" /> Daga cikin shari’o’in da Tampuli ya fuskanta har da bayar da shawararsa na a saki matukin jirgin dan kasar Ghana, dan jarida, kuma marubuci Samih Daboussi, wanda hukumar bincike ta kasa (BNI) ta tsare a watan Satumban 2016 na tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda [[Tsarin mulkin Ghana|kundin tsarin mulkin Ghana]] ya amince. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaguardian.com/hassan-tampuli-appointed-acting-ceo-npa|title=Hassan Tampuli appointed acting CEO of NPA|work=Ghana Guardian|access-date=2018-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/news/ghanaian-lebanese-arrest-fadi-s-arrest-not-politically-motivated-id5534770.html|title=Fadi's arrest not politically motivated|last=Larnyoh|first=Magdalene Teiko|date=26 September 2016|access-date=2018-06-18|work=Pulse.com|archive-date=2018-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618130115/http://www.pulse.com.gh/news/ghanaian-lebanese-arrest-fadi-s-arrest-not-politically-motivated-id5534770.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daboussi ya wallafa wani littafi mai suna ''59 years of Ghana to Nowhere: Future is Now'', a cikinsa ya yi cikakken bayani game da wasu ayyukan jami'an jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress (NDC) da kuma shugaban kasa na lokacin [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]] .<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Fadi-Daboussi-s-lawyer-threatens-to-sue-BNI-472211|title=Fadi Daboussi's lawyer threatens to sue BNI|publisher=Ghana Web|date= 25 September 2016|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> Wasu masu goyon bayan NDC na ganin cewa kalaman da aka yi wa mambobin NDC a cikin littafin ba su da kyau kuma sun kai kara a BNI. An kama Daboussi a [[Filin jirgin saman Accra|filin jirgin saman Kotoka]] bayan ya dawo daga tafiya Lebanon. Hukumar ta BNI ta bincike gidansa ba tare da izini ba kuma an kama kwafin littattafansa.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2016/September-26th/bni-frees-fadi-daboussie.php|title=BNI frees Fadi Daboussie|date=2016-09-26|access-date=2018-06-18|publisher=My Joy Online}}</ref> BNI ta ruwaito cewa an kama Samih ne saboda ana ganin halinsa da ayyukansa sun bata wa shugaban kasa rai. Tampuli ya bayar da rahoton cewa an hana shi ganawa da wanda yake karewa. An yi kamfen a shafukan sada zumunta a [[Twitter]] da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ta hanyar amfani da maudu'in #FreeFadiNow na neman a sako Daboussi. <ref name=":2" /> An saki Daboussi ne bayan an bayar da belinsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/news/fadi-daboussi-bni-grants-fadi-daboussi-bail-id5531454.html?-546084750.1528819170|title=BNI grants Fadi Daboussi bail|last=Larnyoh|first=Magdalene Teiko|date=26 September 2016|access-date=2018-06-18|work=Pulse.com|archive-date=2018-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618125715/http://www.pulse.com.gh/news/fadi-daboussi-bni-grants-fadi-daboussi-bail-id5531454.html?-546084750.1528819170|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Hukumar mai ta kasa === Sulemana ya kasance tsohon shugaban hukumar man fetur ta kasa . == Siyasa == Sulemana dan jam’iyyar NPP ne kuma a halin yanzu dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Gusheigu a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|yankin Arewa]] . Kafin babban zaben Ghana na shekarar 2016, ya kasance mamba a kwamitin koli kan makamashi na jam'iyyar, da kuma kwamitin mika mulki kan makamashi. A watan Janairun 2017, an nada shi a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban hukumar mai na kasa . Ya gaji [[Moses Asaga]] wanda ya kasance shugaban hukumar tun 2013. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A zaben Ghana na 2020, ya lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin kasar da kuri'u 30,401 yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar NDC Mohammed Yussif Malimali ya samu kuri'u 28,055, dan takarar majalisar dokoki na NDP Abdulai Abdul-Razak ya samu kuri'u 250. === Kwamitoci === Sulemana memba ne a kwamitin da'a, kuma memba ne a kwamitin kasuwanci kuma mamba ne a kwamitin nadi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Suleman musulmi ne. == Tallafawa == A watan Fabrairun 2021, Sulemana ya yi alkawarin gina fada a yankin gargajiya na Kpatinga. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 2018 Fitaccen Babban Jami'in Man Fetur - 9th Ghana Entrepreneur and Corporate Executive Awards * Kyauta ta Musamman ta 2018 akan Jagoranci - Kyautar Mai da Gas na Ghana * Mafi kyawun Shugaba na shekara 2018 - Northern Excellence Awards. * Kyautar Jagorancin Ingancin Ingancin - Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai don Binciken Inganci (ESQR) Kyauta 2018. * An ba da lambar yabo mafi kyawun Jagoranci na 2018 a cikin nau'in Zinare a bikin kyaututtuka na ESQR a Las Vegas, Amurka a cikin Disamba 2018 * Kyautar Girmamawa 2018 '''-''' Kasuwancin Mai da Dabaru (OTL) Kyaututtukan Makamashi na ƙasa * Ƙaddamar Manufofin Manufa '''-''' Kyautar Mai da Gas na Ghana 2017. * Mai tabbatar da Rundunar Afirka na shekara '''-''' kasuwanci da dabaru (otl) lambobin makamashi a ƙasa, 2017 '''.''' * Babban Manufa '''-''' 2017 Climate and Clean Air Awards. Ƙungiyoyin Yanayi da Tsabtace Air Coalition sun ba da kyautar don aiwatar da amfani da ƙananan man fetur na Sulfur a Ghana a cikin Yuli 2017 a Bonn, Jamus. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1976]] 1kctn37omtfmk0fqjcv80qvg2fwliuk 0 61185 552081 459696 2024-12-05T07:32:50Z Atibrarian 15108 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1178097986|Michael Imoudu]]" 552081 wikitext text/x-wiki <references responsive="1"></references> '''Michael Athokhamien Omnibus Imoudu''' shugaban kungiyar kwadagon Najeriya ne. == Farko rayuwar da ilimi == An haifi Michael Imoudu a shekarar 1902, a yankin [[Mutanen Afemai|Afemai]] na [[Edo|jihar Edo]]. Mahaifinsa, soja ne a rundunar sojojin Afirka ta Yamma kuma ya'yi aiki a Gabashin Afirka da kuma a [[Gambiya]]. Bayan rasuwar iyayensa a shekarar 1922, Imoudu ya rayu kuma ya'yi aiki da wani dan uwansa wanda ya ke aikin layin dogo. Saboda aikin dan uwansa, ya zagaya garuruwa daban - daban a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|yankin Tsakiyar Yamma]] da [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabas]], a lokacin da yake bakuwa, ya koyi [[Harshen Ibo|yaren Igbo]].<ref>Cohen. </ref> Ya halarci makarantu da dama, sannan ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a makarantar gwamnati [[Agbor|ta Agbor]] a shekarar 1927.<ref>Ananaba, Wogu. </ref> Ya yi tafiya zuwa Legas a 1928, kuma ya sami aiki bayan shekara guda daya a matsayin ma'aikacin yau da kullun, ya yi kuma aiki a matsayin mai aikin layi a Sashen Post da Telegraph kafin ya shiga [[Nigerian Railway Corporation|layin dogo]] a matsayin mai koyo.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} == Nassoshi == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] iz65ld5wk6z3ajhpa7qbtsy6beg7lr1 0 61321 551734 514582 2024-12-04T14:23:42Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Rivers_of_northern_Mozambique_OSM.png|thumb| Kogin Megaruma a arewacin Mozambique (a tsakiya dama)]] [[Fayil:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|magaruma ]] [[Fayil:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Kogin Megaruma]] '''Megaruma''' kogi ne na arewa maso gabashin [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], yana ratsa gundumar Ancuabe.Yana da tushen sa zuwa arewa maso gabas a [[Mount Mecumba|Dutsen Mecumba]] . An gina gada akan kogin a shekarar 1954. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l2cxd0hlivfaoxfyn50fianku150dqu 2 61495 552060 324811 2024-12-05T06:46:20Z Fahad Isah Adam Katsina 24898 Updated page 552060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fahad Isah Adam''' has built a versatile career combining expertise in computer science with digital strategy. He is recognized as a digital growth strategist, excelling in LinkedIn optimization and networking. '''Fahad Isah Adam''' (born December 24, 1996) is a Nigerian computer scientist, data analyst, and artificial intelligence (AI) researcher. He is known for his work in machine learning, data analytics, and the application of AI technologies to solve real-world problems. Fahad is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Computer Science at Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria, where he also completed his undergraduate studies. ---- ==== Early Life and Education ==== Fahad was born in Katsina, Nigeria. He earned a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Umaru Musa Yar’adua University in 2020. He later returned to the same institution for his postgraduate studies, focusing on artificial intelligence and machine learning. His academic work frequently intersects with optimization problems, data analysis, and secure communication systems. ---- ==== Career ==== Fahad has an extensive career as a data analyst and AI researcher. Currently, he works with TELUS International AI Data Solutions, where he processes and analyzes large datasets to improve decision-making processes. He is also a team supervisor at Appen, overseeing data annotation projects and developing AI solutions. Fahad’s professional contributions include: * Research on secure routing and attack detection in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). * Contributions to platforms such as MATLAB Central, where he shares insights into computational techniques. * Engagement with the global data science community through YouTube and other platforms. He holds multiple professional certifications, including Oracle Certified Master and Cisco Data Center Unified Computing Design Specialist ---- ==== Publications and Projects ==== Fahad has authored academic papers, including a notable project on online food ordering systems published on ''Academia.edu''. He has also been involved in developing AI models aimed at addressing everyday challenges, reflecting his passion for bridging academic theory with practical application. ---- ==== Online Presence ==== Fahad actively shares his knowledge and engages with the global community via YouTube (''Fahad in Data''), where he mentors aspiring data scientists. His other online contributions include participating in MATLAB forums and maintaining a bio page highlighting his work and professional journey. ---- ==== Recognition and Skills ==== Fahad’s technical expertise spans data analytics, strategic communications, and machine learning. He has received accolades for his participation in initiatives like the Africa Vs Virus Challenge. His dedication to fostering innovation and collaboration has positioned him as a key contributor in the tech industry within and beyond Nigeria. ----This is the Wikipedia page dedicated to Fahad Isah Adam, where you can find detailed information about his life, achievements, and contributions. ipytr6s4nwdbav0tsuv6s9ncnbftwrm 0 63689 551728 497304 2024-12-04T14:19:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar 1977.png|thumb|El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar]] [[Fayil:El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar 1977.png|thumb|El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar]]   '''El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar''' FRCP ( {{Lang-ar|الشيخ محجوب جعفر}} </link> ; an haifeshi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris a shekarar 1935, Nuri ) Masanin ilimin mycologist [[Sudan|ɗan ƙasar Sudan]] ne kuma hukuma ta duniya akan mycetoma da ƙwayoyin cuta . [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta ba shi kyautar Shousha . == Rayuwa da aiki == [[File:Gaafar_1955.png|left|thumb| Gafar kammala karatu1961]] An haifi Gaafar a ranar 2 ga watan Maris a shekarar 1935 a Nuri, Karima, Sudan . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Karima, sannan ya koma Shendi Rural Intermediate School, Shendi, sannan ya kammala sakandare a Sakandiren Wadi Seidna, [[Khartoum]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=الشيخ محجوب جعفر (أول علماء الفطريات)|url=http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2016/02/el-sheikh-mahgoub-gaafarel-sheikh.html|access-date=2022-11-24|website=الشيخ محجوب جعفر (أول علماء الفطريات)|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214455/http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2016/02/el-sheikh-mahgoub-gaafarel-sheikh.html|url-status=live}} </ref> . Ya samu digirin farko na likitanci da kuma digiri na farko na tiyata ( MBBS ) tare da Distinction a Jami'ar Khartoum a 1961.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=30 November 2001|title=ثمانينية الأستاذ الدكتور الشيخ محجوب جعفر (1935-2015م).. - صحيفة الراكوبة|url=https://www.alrakoba.net/588582/%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a8/|access-date=2022-11-24|website=www.alrakoba.net|language=ar|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214508/https://www.alrakoba.net/588582/%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=نيوز|first=سودان 4|date=2020-05-17|title=عظماء منطقة مُنحَنَى النيل.. الشيخ محجوب جعفر مُصطفى نموذجاً|url=https://sudan4news.net/13317/|access-date=2022-11-24|website=سودان 4 نيوز|language=ar|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214534/https://sudan4news.net/13317/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaafar ya fara horon aikin likitanci ne a matsayin mataimaki na bincike a sashen nazarin kwayoyin cuttuttuka da kuma parasitology a jami'ar Khartoum kafin ya kammala digirin digirgir daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Wuta na kasar [[Landan]], Jami'ar [[Landan]] a watan Agusta na shekarar 1965.<ref name=":0" /> Gaafar ya kammala karatun difloma a fannin ilimin kwayoyin cuta daga Jami’ar Landan a shekarar 1966. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof El-Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar • Microbiologist • Khartoum, Khartoum|url=https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=person&personcode=326637|access-date=2022-11-24|website=www.medpages.info|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214651/https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=person&personcode=326637|url-status=live}}</ref> === Aiki === Bayan ya koma kasar Sudan, an nada Gaafar malami a sashen nazarin kwayoyin cuta da parasitology na jami’ar Khartoum. Daga baya aka kara masa girma zuwa babban malami a shekarar 1969,ya zama manazarci a shekarar 1972, kuma farfesa a shekarar 1974, a wannan shekarar aka ba shi MD a Microbiology . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Co8AQAAIAAJ&q=%22El+Sheikh+Mahgoub+Gaafar%22+-wikipedia|title=Dissertation Abstracts|publisher=Graduate College, University of Khartoum|language=en|access-date=2022-12-15|archive-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301162756/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Co8AQAAIAAJ&q=%22El+Sheikh+Mahgoub+Gaafar%22+-wikipedia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=al-ʻUlyā|first=Jāmiʻat al-Kharṭūm Kullīyat al-Dirāsāt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIssAAAAYAAJ&q=%22El+Sheikh+Mahgoub+Gaafar%22+-wikipedia|title=Dissertation Abstracts: University of Khartoum|date=1975|publisher=Graduate College, University of Khartoum|language=en|access-date=2022-12-15|archive-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301163717/https://books.google.com/books?id=kIssAAAAYAAJ&q=%22El+Sheikh+Mahgoub+Gaafar%22+-wikipedia|url-status=live}}</ref>A shekara ta 1968, ya kafa asibitin mycetoma da kuma asibitin a [[Khartoum]] North Civil Hospital, kuma a shekarar 1972, Gaafar ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] a Tehran na kasar, Iran. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=University Activities and Organization {{!}} Dr. Elsheikh Mahgoub Gafar|url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/elsheikh-mahgoub/?page_id=22|access-date=2022-11-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214800/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/elsheikh-mahgoub/?page_id=22|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Gaafar_in_front_of_Tehran_Central_Lab,_1972.png|left|thumb| Gaafar (jere na tsakiya) a gaban Teheran Central Lab, Aa shejarar 1972]] Gaafar ya sami gogewa a cikin binciken cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na asibiti a Asibitin Jami'ar West Middlesex da Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace da Magungunan Tropical na kasar landan tsakanin shekarar 1976 zuwa 1977. Ya shiga jami'ar King Saud a matsayin [[farfesa]] a fannin ilimin [[Likita|likitanci]] a shekarar 1977 saboda ya kasa komawa kasar Sudan bayan juyin mulkin kasar Sudan a shekarar 1969 da Jaafar Nimeiry tsakanin shekarar (1969-1985) saboda alakarsa da jam'iyyar National Umma Party da aka dakatar. <ref>{{Cite web|title=البروفسير الشيخ محجوب جعفر: كلمة وفاء وعرفان .. بقلم: د. محمد عبد الله الامين|url=https://www.sudaress.com/sudanile/24872|access-date=2022-11-24|website=سودارس|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214947/https://www.sudaress.com/sudanile/24872|url-status=live}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University Activities and Organization {{!}} Dr. Elsheikh Mahgoub Gafar|url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/elsheikh-mahgoub/?page_id=22|access-date=2022-11-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214800/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/elsheikh-mahgoub/?page_id=22|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaafar ya kafa sashen nazarin halittu, daga baya an gane shi ta Royal College of Pathologists, da kuma Mycoses Clinic. Ya zama shugaban Kafa na sashen nazarin halittu daga shekarar 1979 har zuwa 1984. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A lokacin da ministan tsaron kasar Sudan Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab ya karbe mulki daga hannun shugaban kasar Sudan Jaafar Nimeiry a juyin mulkin Sudan a shekara ta 1985, Gaafar ya koma kasar Sudan a matsayin [[farfesa]] kuma shugaban sashen nazarin kwayoyin halitta da parasitology na jami'ar [[Khartoum]], inda ya zama shugaban kasar [[Sudan]]. ya kasance har zuwa shekarar 1988<ref>{{Cite web|title=البروفسير الشيخ محجوب جعفر: كلمة وفاء وعرفان .. بقلم: د. محمد عبد الله الامين|url=https://www.sudaress.com/sudanile/24872|access-date=2022-11-24|website=سودارس|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219214947/https://www.sudaress.com/sudanile/24872|url-status=live}}</ref>. Daga nan sai aka nada shi Ministan Ilimi, Ilimi mai zurfi da Bincike na Kimiyya a matsayin wani bangare na kawancen jam'iyyar Umma ta Uku, wanda ya kasance har zuwa shekarar 1989 lokacin da Kanar (Laftanar Janar) Umar Hassan Ahmad al Bashir ya hambarar da Sadik Al Mahdi kuma ya kafa rundunar juyin juya hali. Majalisar Ceto ta kasa don mulkin kasar Sudan. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Gaafar ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kwararru na Hukumar Lafiya ta [[Duniya]] (Parasitology) daga shekarar 1975-1990. Tsakanin shekarar 1990 da 1995, an zabe shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Yanki don Binciken Cututtuka na wurare masu zafi, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] . Daga nan ya zama Daraktan Cigaban Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya har zuwa shekarar1997, kafin ya zama mai ba da shawara na yanki don ci gaban ilimi don lafiya tsakanin 1997 zuwa 1998. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=DECISIONS ET LISTE DES RESOLUTIONS DECISIONS. 1 Sélection et nomination du Directeur général et des Directeurs régionaux - PDF Téléchargement Gratuit|url=https://docplayer.fr/215732215-Decisions-et-liste-des-resolutions-decisions-1-selection-et-nomination-du-directeur-general-et-des-directeurs-regionaux.html|access-date=2022-11-24|website=docplayer.fr|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219215155/https://docplayer.fr/215732215-Decisions-et-liste-des-resolutions-decisions-1-selection-et-nomination-du-directeur-general-et-des-directeurs-regionaux.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaafar shi ne babban editan <em>Jaridar Lafiya ta Gabashin Bahar Rum</em> daga shekarar(1990-1994), memba na kwamitin edita na <em>Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology</em>, memba na Editorial Panel na Mycopathologia, memba na Jami'ar Khartoum Kwamitin Edita na Latsa, da alƙali ga Ma'amaloli na Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Governce: - Nile College Batch 4 MBBS|url=http://nile.edu.tf/administration|access-date=2022-11-24|website=nile.edu.tf}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>Gaafar ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Jami'ar Musulunci ta Omdurman tsakanin shekarar (1986-1988), kuma shugaban kwamitin bincike na likitoci, kasar Sudan (1986-1988). <ref name=":3" /> === Rayuwa ta sirri === Gaafar ya auri Enam Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi ( {{Lang-ar|إنعام عبد الرحمن المهدي}} </link> ), 'yar'uwar Sadiq al Mahdi, wacce ta rasu ranar 10 gawatan Yuli, shekarar 2020. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> [[File:El_Sheikh_Mahgoub_Gaafar_1986.png|thumb| Gaafar yana jawabi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta WHO bayan karbar kyautar Shousha, Geneva, 1989]] An zabi Gaafar a matsayin dan kungiyar Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene a shekarar 1964, sannan kuma dan’uwa na Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) a shekarar 1985. <ref name=":5" /> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Ademola daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Landan a shekarar 1987<ref name=":5" />, da Shousha Prize daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Public health prizes and awards|url=https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html|access-date=2022-11-20|website=apps.who.int|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219215505/https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[El Hadi Ahmad El-Sheikh|El Hadi Ahmed El-Sheikh]] * Ahmed Hassan Fahal * [[Mohammed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == *  {{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TS74IvxcDs&ab_channel=DavidEhsan|title=King of Mycetoma Documentary|date=2015-02-17|last=Ehsan|first=David|language=en}} [[Category:Kimiyya]] [[Category:Sudan]] [[Category:Mazan karni na 21st]] arsx28ms6v6ijamxbw1sjwphe5ftzna 0 63708 552005 528699 2024-12-05T05:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 552005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ChrisMartinManch030623 (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton Chris martin]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin in 2018.jpg|thumb|chris martin a taro]] [[Fayil:Chris martin hk.jpg|thumb|chris a matin da jitarsa]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin 2017 in Hamburg.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin and Fleur East (2021).jpg|thumb|Chris da fleur ]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin Manchester 2016.jpg|thumb|chris martin a Manchester]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin signature (vector).svg|thumb|sa hannun Chris martin]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin-viva-cropped.jpg|thumb|chris martin a shekarar 2008]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin cropped.jpg|thumb|chris matin da kidan taushi]] [[Fayil:Chris Martin 2015.jpg|thumb|chris matin a 2015]] [[Fayil:Chris Murphy in Cano Martin Pena 3.jpg|thumb|gidan Chris martin]] '''Christopher Hugh Martin''' (an haife shi 4 Nuwamba 1977) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar ''Bristol Rovers''. An haife shi a Ingila, ya taka leda a tawagar kasar Scotland kuma ya wakilci tawagar kasar Ingila U19. Martin ya fara aikinsa a Norwich City, yana shiga cikin littattafan kulob din yana da shekaru 10 kuma ya yi ƙwararren sa a 18 a kakar 2006–07. Ya fadi rashin tagomashi a kakar 2007 – 08 kuma ya ciyar da lokacin 2008 – 09 akan aro a Luton Town. Lokacin da ya koma Norwich, ya kasance muhimmin ɗan wasa na farko yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin ci gaba na gaba daga League One da Championship a cikin lokutan 2009 – 10 da 2010 – 11. Duk da haka, a kan komawar kulob din zuwa [[Premier League]], ya sami kansa ba tare da yardarsa ba kuma ya kashe wani ɓangare na 2011-12 a kan aro a Crystal Palace da kuma sassan 2012-13 kakar a kan aro a Swindon Town da Derby County. A karshen kakar wasa ta bana, ya amince da yarjejeniyar shiga Derby na dindindin, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku kuma ya koma kulob din a kan canja wuri kyauta kafin kakar 2013-14. Ya kawo karshen kakar wasa a matsayin babban golan kulob din, tare da kwallaye 25 a duk gasa, yayin da kulob din ya kai [[2014 Football League Championship play-off wasan karshe|wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai na 2014]] . Ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragin shekaru hudu a watan Agustan 2014 kuma shi ne dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a kungiyar a [[2014–15 Derby County FC kakar|kakar wasa ta 2014–15]], tare da kwallaye 21 a duk wasannin gasar cin kofin duniya da na kofin [[Fayil:Chris Martin (55208418).jpeg|thumb|'''Christopher Hugh Martin''']] A kan 31 Agusta 2016, Martin ya shiga [[Fulham FC|Fulham]] a kan aro na tsawon lokaci, tare da tsari na yarjejeniyar dindindin a ƙarshen lokacin lamuni. An yi jayayya da wannan tsari a lokacin kakar wasa, kamar yadda Martin ya nuna sha'awar komawa Derby. == Aikin kulob == [[Fayil:Chris Martin-viva-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Christopher Hugh Martin''']] An haife shi a [[Beccles]], Suffolk, Martin ya sami lada da wuri a benci don wasan da suka yi da [[Plymouth Argyle FC|Plymouth Argyle]] a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2007 bayan ya burge Norwich's [[Kofin Matasa na FA|Cup Youth Cup]] . <ref>https://thesoundofvinyl.us/blogs/vinyl-101/difference-between-a-record-and-album</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko a cikin gida da ci 1-0 a hannun [[Wolverhampton Wanderers FC|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] a ranar 30 ga Janairu 2007. <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Norwich 0–1 Wolves|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~34279,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020064655/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~34279%2C00.html|archive-date=20 October 2010}}</ref> Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a wasan zagaye na hudu na [[Kofin FA|gasar cin kofin FA]] da [[Blackpool FC|Blackpool]] a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2007 a [[Hanyar Carrow|Carrow Road]], <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Norwich 3–2 Blackpool|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~36584,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194758/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~36584%2C00.html|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin FA a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da [[Coventry City FC|Coventry City]] a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Norwich 1–1 Coventry|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~33769,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194836/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~33769%2C00.html|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Sauran kwallaye biyu da aka ci [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Luton 2–3 Norwich|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~34352,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720030710/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~34352%2C00.html|archive-date=20 July 2009}}</ref> kuma [[Barnsley FC|Barnsley]] ya biyo baya da sauri. <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Barnsley 1–3 Norwich|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~33810,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716194928/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~33810%2C00.html|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Gudun nasa ya ci gaba da karawa da [[Derby County FC|Derby County]], inda ya zura kwallo daya da kuma yin wani hukunci a waje. <ref>{{cite news|title=Match report: Norwich 1–2 Derby|url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10355~34384,00.html|publisher=Norwich City F.C|access-date=2 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716195029/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10355~34384%2C00.html|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> == Kakar 2007 == Duk da haka, ya sami wuri a cikin farawa da wuya ya zo a cikin 2007-08 kakar karkashin [[Peter Grant (dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1965)|Peter Grant]] . A karkashin sabon koci [[Glenn Roeder ne adam wata|Glenn Roeder]] bai samu tagomashi ba. Har ila yau, Roeder ya soki shi akai-akai tare da Roeder yana tambayar kokarinsa da kuma dakatar da shi daga wasu mashaya a cikin Beccles ya haifar da karin zargi daga Roeder. [[Fayil:Coldplay Super Bowl 50 halftime show (24648480079) (Chris Martin).jpg|thumb|'''Christopher Hugh Martin''']] Tare da Michael Spillane ya shiga Luton Town a farkon kakar 2008 – 09 tare da Roeder wanda ya shahara wajen kiran ma'auratan a matsayin " [[Tweedledum da Tweedledee]] ". <ref>https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/entertainment/coldplays-chris-martin-narrates-zimbabwean-connection/</ref> Shawarar ba da rancen ma'auratan ya fuskanci suka daga yawancin magoya bayan Norwich suna ganin ya kamata a bai wa ma'auratan dama maimakon dogaro da yawan rancen da Roeder ya kawo === Loan a Luton Town === Martin ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] Club [[EFL League Biyu|League Biyu]] a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa daga Norwich kwanaki biyu kafin farkon [[2008–09 Luton Town FC kakar|kakar 2008-09]] . <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lutontown.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10372~1360794,00.html|title=After the wait, here's the first eight!|publisher=Luton Town F.C|access-date=8 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809222345/http://www.lutontown.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10372~1360794%2C00.html|archive-date=9 August 2008}}</ref> An sanar da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sababbin sa hannu da manajan [[Mick Harford]] ya yi bayan ficewar ''Hatters'' daga gudanarwa, tare da dan wasan Norwich [[Michael Spillane (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)|Michael Spillane]], wanda kuma ya zo a kan aro na tsawon lokaci, da kuma dan wasan tsakiya [[Rossi Jarvis]], wanda ya sanya hannu. Norwich ta saki canja wuri kyauta a watan Mayu. Luton ya fara kakar wasa a kan maki 30, bayan an cire shi da maki 10 saboda al'amuran da ba su dace ba da suka shafi canja wurin 'yan wasa da kuma wasu maki 20 don keta doka lokacin da suka bar [[Gudanarwa (kwallon kafa na Burtaniya)|mulki]] . Ta haka ne kulob din ya fuskanci kokawa don gujewa ficewa daga gasar kwallon kafa a karon farko a tarihinta. <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town lose appeal against points deduction|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/football_league/article4340138.ece|work=[[The Times]]|publisher=Times Newspapers|date=16 July 2008|access-date=17 July 2008|location=London|first=Kaveh|last=Solhekol|archive-date=18 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918040206/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/football_league/article4340138.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Martin ya fara buga wasansa na Luton a wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda aka doke [[Port Vale FC|Port Vale]] da ci 3–1 a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta a wasan da suka tashi 1–1 da [[Notts County FC|Notts County]] . Kwallonsa ta biyu ta zo ne da ci 3–1 a kan [[Aldershot Town FC|Aldershot Town]] a ranar 13 ga Satumba kuma na uku ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi 2–2 a gasar Kofin Kwallon kafa da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] a ranar 7 ga Oktoba. Wasan ya tashi ne da bugun fenareti, inda Luton ya ci 4-2 sannan Martin ya zura ta uku. <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town (4)2 – 2(3) Brentford|url=http://espnfc.com/gamecast?id=255448&cc=5901|work=ESPN|date=7 October 2008|access-date=9 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231233310/http://espnfc.com/gamecast?id=255448&cc=5901|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> Daga nan ya tafi wasannin lig da kofin gasar goma sha biyu ba tare da ya zura kwallo a raga ba, inda ya kawo karshen gudu da kwallo ta biyu a wasan da suka doke [[Barnet FC|Barnet]] da ci 3-1 a ranar 6 ga Disamba. Bayan wasanni hudu ba tare da an zura kwallo a raga ba, ya zura kwallaye hudu a wasanni uku: bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a ci 3-2 da [[Lincoln City FC|Lincoln City]] a ranar 28 ga Disamba, na farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[Chester City FC|Chester City]] a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2009 da kuma kwallon ta’aziyya da Luton ya ci a 5-1 sun sha kashi a [[Darlington FC|Darlington]] ranar 17 ga Janairu. [[Fayil:Chris martin hk.jpg|thumb|'''Christopher Hugh Martin''']] A wasan Luton da [[Bradford City AFC|Bradford City]] a ranar 24 ga Janairu, Martin ya sami jan kati na farko. Da ci 2–2, [[Asa Hall]] ya zura kwallo a minti na 91 da fara wasa da Luton. Bayan haka, a cikin minti na ƙarshe na lokacin tsayawa, alkalin wasa Trevor Kettle ya ba Bradford fanareti bayan da Martin ya tuhumi [[Steve Jones (Dan wasan kwallon kafa na Arewacin Ireland)|Steve Jones]] . <ref>{{cite news|title=Conlon: Luton dirty tricks didn't faze me|url=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/4074649.Conlon__Luton_dirty_tricks_didn_t_faze_me/|work=[[Telegraph & Argus]]|date=26 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> ''[[BBC Wasanni|BBC Sport]]'' ta kira hukuncin "mai rikitarwa" <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton 3–3 Bradford|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_3/7844350.stm|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=24 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> kuma ''[[Bedfordshire ranar Lahadi|Bedfordshire a ranar Lahadi]]'' ta kira shi "hukuncin gaske mai ban tsoro", saboda "dalilan da ba a sani ba". <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton boil as Kettle blows chance of win|url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/Sport/Luton-Town-FC/Luton-boil-as-Kettle-blows-chance-of-win.htm|work=[[Bedfordshire on Sunday]]|date=24 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213110302/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/Sport/Luton-Town-FC/Luton-boil-as-Kettle-blows-chance-of-win.htm|archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> Shawarar kusan ta haifar da tarzoma a cikin tasoshin da kuma a cikin filin wasan "nau'i-nau'i" wanda ya biyo baya, <ref name="3-3">{{cite news|title=Luton town 3 bradford city 3|url=http://www.boyfrombrazil.co.uk/2009/01/city-leave-with-a-point-and-much-more-for-the-journey-ahead-%E2%80%93-luton-town-3-bradford-city-3-league-two-match-report/|work=Boy from Brazil|date=25 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=14 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214004508/http://www.boyfrombrazil.co.uk/2009/01/city-leave-with-a-point-and-much-more-for-the-journey-ahead-%E2%80%93-luton-town-3-bradford-city-3-league-two-match-report/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Michael Spillane da [[Kevin Nicholls ne adam wata|Kevin Nicholls]] an yi musu rajista saboda rashin yarda kuma an kori Martin saboda rashin kunya da kuma kalaman batanci. <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town 3 – 3 Bradford City|url=http://espnfc.com/gamecast?id=243421&cc=5901|work=ESPN|date=24 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231233312/http://espnfc.com/gamecast?id=243421&cc=5901|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> [[Barry Konlon|Barry Conlon ne]] ya zura kwallo a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ci 3-3. Bayan busa na ƙarshe, an jefa cin zarafi da makamai masu linzami daga taron jama'a a Kettle, <ref name="3-3" /> wanda ya haifar da binciken FA. <ref>{{cite news|title=FA to probe Luton crowd trouble|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/luton_town/7852143.stm|work=BBC Sport|date=26 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> Duk da fushin da aka yi, zane ya ɗauki Luton zuwa maki masu kyau a karon farko a duk kakar wasa, kodayake sun kasance a kasan tebur, maki 9 a bayan ƙungiyar da aka sanya ta 23 da maki 19 daga aminci. <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town vs Bradford City|url=http://www.lutontown.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10372~45397,00.html|work=Luton Town|date=24 January 2009|access-date=9 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142932/http://www.lutontown.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10372~45397%2C00.html|archive-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Karin Karatu== * {{Cite book|title=Life in Technicolor: A Celebration of Coldplay|last1=Wild|first1=Debs|publisher=ECW Press|year=2018|isbn=9781787391093|location=|language=en|first2=Malcolm|last2=Croft}} * {{Cite book|title=Viva Coldplay: A Biography|last=Roach|first=Martin|publisher=Music Sales|year=2011|isbn=9780857125941|url-access=registration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuTFoyjgAr4C|location=|language=en}} * {{Cite book|title=Coldplay: Look at the Stars|last=Spivack|first=Gary|publisher=Pocket Books|year=2004|isbn=9780743491969|url-access=registration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luC5Ipj0vr4C|location=|language=en}} * {{Cite book|title=Coldplay: Nobody Said It Was Easy|last=Roach|first=Martin|publisher=Omnibus Press|date=2003|isbn=9780711998100|language=en}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na Waje== {{Sister project links|c=Category:Chris Martin|q=Category:Chris Martin|d=Q45188|b=no|n=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|wikt=no}} * {{AllMusic}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{MusicBrainz artist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1977]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] tl15t4o9cm5t5kparsx8yh1e6smumba 0 64122 552338 341289 2024-12-05T11:41:12Z Maryamarh 29382 552338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kachi''', '''Kacchi''', '''Kachhi''' ko '''Katchi''' na iya nufin: == Wurare a Iran == * Kachi, Ardestan, ƙauye a lardin Isfahan * Gachi, Fars, ƙauye a lardin Fars * Keychi, Isfahan, ƙauye a lardin Isfahan == Wurare a Kudancin Asiya == * Kacchi Plain, yanki ne a Balochistan, Pakistan ** Kacchi (Kalat), yanki ne na ƙabilar Sindhi na tsohuwar jihar Kalat a Balochistan. ** [[Gundumar Kachhi]], gundumar Balochistan ta zamani, Pakistan ** Yaƙin Kachhi, an yi yaƙi a 1729 * Kachi (Punjab), Pakistan * Kachi, Haripur, ƙauye a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan * Kachi, tsohon sunan birnin Kanchipuram a Tamil Nadu, Indiya == Sauran amfani == * Harshen Kutchi, harshen Indo-Aryan na Gujarat da Sindh ** Mutanen Kutchi * Kachhi (caste), ƙabilar jihohin Indiya na Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan da Uttar Pradesh. * Kacchi, yaren Thali iri-iri na Pakistan * " Katchi ", waƙar Nick Waterhouse kuma Ofenbach ya sake haɗa shi == Mutane masu suna == * Hideo Kachi, (an haife shi a shekara ta 1953), mawakin Japan * Kachi A. Ozumba, marubuci haifaffen Najeriya == Duba kuma == 41123az2sy874eilaj3py68jsx9arn1 0 64648 551710 517055 2024-12-04T13:59:10Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Andre Scarlett.png|thumb|Andre Brooks]] [[Fayil:Brooks Orpik 2009 SCF Game 5 2009-06-06.JPG|thumb|Andre Brooks]] '''Andre Brooks''' Andre Chance Brooks (an haife shi 20 ga Agusta 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na Sheffield United.{{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 2003]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] k7fzt5czpzjoc7lweq5y9eevfqn1y45 0 65104 551732 542768 2024-12-04T14:22:12Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nelson Chamisa Image.jpg|thumb|Alex Magaisa]] [[Fayil:Nelson Chamisa Image.jpg|thumb|Alex Magaisa]] '''Alex Tawanda Magaisa''' (10 ga Agusta 1975 - 6 ga Yuni 2022) malami ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe kuma malamin shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Kent na Jami'ar Kent.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kent.ac.uk/law/people/academic/Magaisa,_Alex.html|title=Alex Magaisa - Kent Law School - University of Kent|website=www.kent.ac.uk|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara (shugaban ma'aikata) na Firayim Ministan Zimbabwe na lokacin Morgan Tsvangirai daga shekarun 2012-2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=9793:alex-magaisa-tsvangirais-finest-appointment&Itemid=18|title=Alex Magaisa: Tsvangirai's finest appointment|website=www.zimdiaspora.com|language=en-gb|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917193720/http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=9793:alex-magaisa-tsvangirais-finest-appointment&Itemid=18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kafin zama mai ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista, Magaisa ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin memba na tawagar kwararru da aka ɗora wa alhakin ba da shawara kan rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/15/why-you-should-vote-yes-for-copac-draft/|title=Why you should vote yes for Copac draft - The Zimbabwe Independent|date=15 February 2013|work=The Zimbabwe Independent|access-date=17 September 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya shahara da aikin sharhin shari'a, siyasa da zamantakewa kan al'amuran da suka shafi Zimbabwe da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa ta shafinsa na The Big Saturday Read. Ayyukansa wani lokaci ana nuna su ta hanyar gidajen labarai na Zimbabwe ciki har da The Standard, Daily News, Newzimbabwe.com, da The Herald. <ref>http://www.dfzim.com/?page_id=158 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801042255/http://www.dfzim.com/?page_id=158 |date=2021-08-01 }} Development Foundation for Zimbabwe website, Alex Magaisa profile. Accessed July, 05 2017</ref> == Iyali da ƙuruciya == An haifi Magaisa a gundumar Chikomba, [[Zimbabwe]] (wanda a lokacin ake kira Charter District, Rhodesia). Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya halarci makarantar kwana a St. Francis na Assisi High School a lardin Mashonaland East. Daga nan sai ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Zimbabwe, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1997 tare da digiri na farko a fannin shari'a. A lokacinsa a Jami'ar Zimbabwe ya hadu da kuma tasiri a nan gaba wanda ya kafa kungiyar Movement for Democratic Change; irin su Learnmore Jongwe, Ayuba Sikhala, da kuma Nelson Chamisa na ƙarshe wanda a lokacin yana karatu a Harare Polytechnic. Ya auri Shamiso Magaisa, wata akawunta, wacc ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lawdebenture.com/our-people-and-locations/shamiso-magaisa | title=Shamiso Magaisa }}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Bayan kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Zimbabwe, Magaisa ya shiga ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin shari'a a Zimbabwe, [[Gill Godlonton & Gerrans Legal Practitioners]] a matsayin Aboki. Daga baya a shekarar 1999, ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Warwick ta kasar Ingila inda ya kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin shari'a a shekarar 2003. Daga nan Magaisa ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan tilasta bin doka na Hukumar Sabis na Kuɗi na Jersey, mai kula da ayyukan kuɗi a [[Jersey]] har zuwa shekara ta 2007. A cikin watan Satumba 2007, ya shiga Jami'ar Kent Law School a matsayin malami kuma mai bincike. Babban bangarorin koyarwa da bincike sun hada da dokar kamfani, dokar mallakar fasaha da ka'idojin kuɗi na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mashawarcin Fasaha ga COPAC & Mai Ba da Shawara ga Firayim Minista na Zimbabwe == A watan Nuwambar 2011, Magaisa ya ɗauki hutu daga Jami'ar Kent don ya zama babban memba na tawagar kwararrun fasaha da ke ba da shawara ga [[Constitution Parliamentary Committee (COPAC)|kwamitin tsarin mulki (COPAC)]] wanda majalisar dokokin Zimbabwe ta kafa tare da wajabcin rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki don sokewa da maye gurɓin tsohon kundin tsarin mulkin Lancaster House. Daga baya kusan kashi 95% na waɗanda suka kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓen raba gardama na ƙasar baki datya da aka gudanar a ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/zimbabwe-draft-new-constitution-approved-in-referendum/|title=Zimbabwe: Draft New Constitution Approved in Referendum {{!}} Global Legal Monitor|date=26 March 2013|website=www.loc.gov|language=en|author=Zeldin, Wendy|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref> sun amince da gagarumin rinjaye A watan Oktoban 2012, Magaisa ya bar aikin nasa na ba da shawara tare da COPAC lokacin da Firayim Minista Tsvangirai ya nada shi a matsayin babban mai ba shi shawara yayin da ake fara shirye-shiryen zaben 2013 mai zuwa Jam'iyyar MDC ta sha kaye a hannun ZANU PF da tazara mai yawa a zaɓukan da ake takaddama a kai wanda ya sa Magaisa da kungiyar lauyoyin MDC suka shigar da kara a gaban kotun tsarin mulkin ƙasar inda suka buƙaci a soke sakamakon zaɓen, suna masu cewa zaɓen bai yi gaskiya da adalci ba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://aclj.org/united-nations/reflection-zimbabwe-2013-elections|title=A Reflection on Zimbabwe's 2013 Elections {{!}} American Center for Law and Justice|date=20 August 2013|work=American Center for Law and Justice|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref> Sai dai daga baya an janye karar kuma ana cikin haka ne alkalan suka nuna takaicin da suka ki amincewa da janyewar tare da ɗage sauraron karar ko da wanda ya shigar da karar ya janye.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/mdc-mwonzora-withdraws-election-challenges/1731175.html|title=MDC Withdraws Court Petition to Nullify Elections|last=Chifera|first=Irwin|work=VOA|access-date=17 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> == Suka == === Plot Cafe === A watan Yulin 2017 Magaisa ya shiga cikin rikici bayan da wata kafar yaɗa labarai mallakar jihar ta wallafa hotonsa tare da ministocin gwamnatin Zanu PF Jonathan Moyo, Savior Kasukuwere da Patrick Zhuwao a wani gidan cin abinci na gida mai suna "Plot Cafe". <ref>http://www.herald.co.zw/birds-of-a-feather/ The Herald website: Birds of a feather... Accessed July, 05 2017</ref> Cikin rashin son ransa ya bayar da amsa yana mai bayyana yanayin yadda aka ɗauki hoton yana kawar da makircin da aka fara samun gindin zama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nehandaradio.com/2017/07/05/alex-magaisa-explains-picture-jonathan-moyo-kasukuwere-zhuwao-harare/|title=Alex Magaisa explains picture with Jonathan Moyo, Kasukuwere and Zhuwao in Harare |website=Nehanda Radio|date=5 July 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref> == A cikin kafofin watsa labarai == Magaisa ya fito a cikin shirin ''dimokuraɗiyya'' wanda Camilla Nielsson ta jagoranta wanda ya ɗauki tsarin samar da kundin tsarin mulki mai cike da ruɗani cikin shekaru uku. == Mutuwa == A ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 2022, wasu abokan aikinsa sun tabbatar da cewa Magaisa ya rasu ne a asibitin Sarauniyar Sarauniya Elizabeth da ke Margate, ƙasar Burtaniya bayan bugun zuciya.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nehandaradio.com/2022/06/05/breaking-uk-based-zimbabwean-academic-dr-alex-magaisa-has-died/ | title=BREAKING: UK based Zimbabwean academic Dr Alex Magaisa has died | date=5 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mbaretimes.com/2022/06/dr-alex-magaisa/ | title=UK-based Zimbabwean public intellectual, Dr Alex Magaisa has died | date=5 June 2022 | access-date=17 December 2023 | archive-date=26 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626202749/https://mbaretimes.com/2022/06/dr-alex-magaisa/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> An binne shi a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni 2022, a ƙauyensu na Mangisi a Njanja.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/magaisa-laid-to-rest/ | title=Alex Magaisa laid to rest at rural Njanja home; Rest in peace champion - says Chamisa | date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] j29kfkiax2wqzr1pbtpl2zb8lug51yt 0 65260 551839 487220 2024-12-04T19:10:49Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 551839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Christopher James Mepham''' (An haifeshi ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiya don ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] AFC Bournemouth da kuma tawagar [[Wales]] ta ƙasa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190811035343/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2014/june/youth-team-player-backs-football-v-mnd/</ref> == Aikin Kasa == An kira Mepham cikin tawagar Wales U20 don gasar Toulon ta 2017 kuma ya buga wasa daya, a matakin rukuni 2-2 da Ivory Coast a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2017. Ya fara buga wasansa na U21 tare da farawa a 3–0 2019 UEFA U21 Nasarar cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a kan Switzerland a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2017. Mepham ya jagoranci tawagar 'yan wasan U21 a karon farko a wasan neman cancantar 0-0 da Romania makonni shida bayan haka.<ref>https://www.premierleague.com/players/14063/Chris-Mepham/overview</ref> A watan Maris na 2018, Mepham ya ci nasarar kiransa na farko zuwa babbar tawagar don gasar cin kofin China ta 2018.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183207/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2016/february/youth-team-duo-sign-first-professional-contracts-/</ref> Ya fara wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Ben Davies bayan mintuna 70 na nasarar da kasar Sin ta samu da ci 6-0 a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2018.<ref>https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2017-18.pdf</ref> [[Fayil:Chris Mepham December 2019.jpg|thumb|Chris Mepham]] [[Fayil:Wales-Switzerland match at Euro 2020 in Baku 6.jpg|thumb|Chris Mepham]] [[Fayil:U.S.-Wales Men’s World Cup Match in Doha, Qatar. (52515715639).jpg|thumb|Chris Mepham]] [[Fayil:Iran v Wales in the 2022 FIFA World Cup Match 17 - 08.jpg|thumb|Chris Mepham]] [[Fayil:Iran v Wales in the 2022 FIFA World Cup Match 17 - 02.jpg|thumb|Chris Mepham]] A watan Mayu 2021, an zabe shi don tawagar Wales don jinkirin gasar Euro 2020 UEFA. A cikin Nuwamba 2022, an saka shi cikin tawagar Wales don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2022 a [[Qatar]].<ref>https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/251509/chris-mepham</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1997]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] pjd4typ6ia8ftwsr4bn28sid186nt7b 0 65317 551784 511159 2024-12-04T15:42:51Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Tahith Chong (38487929362).jpg|thumb|Tahith Chong]] [[Fayil:MUFC v LFC U18s - 096.jpg|thumb|Tahith Chong a gaba]] [[Fayil:Tahith Chong (38487929362).jpg|thumb|Tahith Chong]] '''Tahith Jose Gregorio Djorkaeff Chong''' (an Haife shi 4 Disamba 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya, ko ɗan wasa ko gaba[3] don ƙungiyar Premier League Luton Town. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1999]] 9sbnqmqlsxvdvehut78zt36lsgqrvoy 0 65372 551981 488014 2024-12-05T00:29:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Aïssa Mandi 0587.png|thumb|Aïssa Mandi]] [[Fayil:Journée des abonnés (33).jpg|thumb|Aïssa Mandi]] [[Fayil:Algérie-Sierraleone (2).jpg|thumb|Aïssa Mandi]] '''Aïssa Mandi'''<ref>https://zeenews.india.com/football/uefa-super-cup-chelsea-add-super-cup-crown-to-champions-league-trophy-2384077.html</ref><ref>http://sevilla.eldesmarque.com/real-betis/83443-asi-juega-aissa-mandi{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aïssa Mandi Larabci: عيسى ماندي; haifaffen 22 Oktoba 1991) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Villareal da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Algeria.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190404045541/https://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2014/pdf/fwc_2014_squadlists.pdf</ref> Galibi ɗan wasan baya na tsakiya, kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/26886003</ref><ref>https://www.realbetisbalompie.es/primer-equipo/jugador/a-mandi-98126</ref>{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1991]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] j5pkvas1bpppyz1q2yo8wkqg7cg12q6 0 65734 551848 512194 2024-12-04T19:24:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Afwa Thameur,''' a cikin [[Larabci|harshen Larabci]]: '''عفوا ثامر''' [[Botany|masaniya ce a fannin ilimin halittu da tsirrai]] kuma [[Ilimin kimiyyar noma|masanin aikin gona]] daga [[Tunisiya]] wacce ta kware kan jure fari a amfanin gonakin hatsi. Tana riƙe da fellow ta shugabannin matan [[Larabawa]] a harkar noma. == Sana'a == Thameur ta yi karatun Digiri na uku a fannin Biology a Jami'ar [[Tunis]] El Manar, inda ta kammala a shekarar 2012, tana da shekaru talatin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Afwa Thameur {{!}} Awla|url=https://www.awlafellowships.org/index.php/fellows/dr-afwa-thameur|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.awlafellowships.org}}</ref> Binciken da ta yi bayan kammala karatun digiri ta yi a Jami'ar Szeged da ke Hungary.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 2015 Thameur an ba ta tallafin karatu na Fulbright don yin karatu a Amurka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WNC's Specialty Crop Institute presents 'Farming In a Time of Drought' lecture at Fallon campus|url=https://carsonnow.org/story/04/08/2015/wncs-specialty-crop-institute-presents-farming-time-drought-lecture-fallon-campus|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Carson Now|language=en|archive-date=2016-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811015907/http://carsonnow.org/story/04/08/2015/wncs-specialty-crop-institute-presents-farming-time-drought-lecture-fallon-campus|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan tallafin karatu ya ba ta damar yin aiki a Sashen Aikin Gona na [[Amurka]] a Texas da Mississippi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biologists|first=American Society of Plant|title=Afwa Thameur|url=https://community.plantae.org/user/AfwaThameur|access-date=2021-04-03|website=community.plantae.org|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919002028/https://community.plantae.org/user/AfwaThameur|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aikin bincikenta yana da taken 'Haɓaka Samar da Haɗin Halittu a Chinaberry, [[Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)|Melia azadirach]], da Pepper Monk, Vitex agnus castus'. Daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2019 ta yi aiki tare da [[Walid Sadok]] na Jami'ar Minnesota akan shirin haɗin gwiwa wanda Cibiyar Kula da Ayyukan Noma ta Duniya (ICBA) da CRDF Global suka bayar don haɓakawa da daidaita samar da alkama a [[Tunisiya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Center for Biosaline Agriculture|url=https://www.biosaline.org/news/2019-06-15-6833|access-date=2021-04-03|website=International Center for Biosaline Agriculture|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019 ta shiga rukunin farko na haɗin gwiwa na shugabannin Matan Larabawa a cikin shirin Noma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab women scientists set sights on transforming R&D in regional agriculture and food security {{!}} Awla|url=https://www.awlafellowships.org/news/arab-women-scientists-set-sights-transforming-rd-regional-agriculture-and-food-security|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.awlafellowships.org}}</ref> Kamar yadda na shekarar 2020 ta kasance masaniya a fannin kimiyyar bincike a [[Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries|Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona]] (IRESA) kuma Mataimakiyar Farfesa a Jami'ar Gabes.<ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 25rrs65fjsudkftog4sbt97xyzf468h 0 66449 551748 500193 2024-12-04T14:37:40Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[Fayil:Sample of iodine.jpg|thumb|Iodine]] [[Fayil:Iod kristall.jpg|thumb|Iodine]] [[Fayil:Iodine microcrystals.JPG|thumb|Iodine]] [[Fayil:Sample of iodine.jpg|thumb|Iodine]] Iodine wani sinadari ne; yana da alamar I da lambar atomic 53. Mafi nauyi daga cikin barga halogens, yana wanzuwa a daidaitattun yanayi a matsayin mai haske mai haske, wanda ba na ƙarfe ba wanda ya narke don samar da ruwa mai zurfi a 114 ° C (237 ° F), kuma yana tafasa zuwa iskar violet a 184 ° C (363 ° F). Wani masanin kimiyar Faransa Bernard Courtois ne ya gano sinadarin a shekara ta 1811 kuma bayan shekaru biyu Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac ya sanya masa suna, bayan tsohuwar Greek Ιώδης 'cakulan-violet'.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F83.1.108</ref> == Nazari == kmocat9vwzx36pqvys1a5b7hxexf0vs 0 66746 551992 357983 2024-12-05T04:08:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Borgu.jpeg|thumb|240x240px| Borguland]] '''Borgu''' yanki ne dake arewa maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] da kuma a arewacin jamhuriyar [[Benin]]. An raba yankin tsakanin [[Daular Biritaniya|Burtaniya]] da [[Faransa]] biyo bayan [[Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Faransa, 1898|Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Faransa ta 1898]]. Mutanen Borgu ana kiransu [[Mutanen Bariba|Bariba]] ko '''Borgawa'''. == Tarihi == A cewar daga Kisra da aka sani a duk faɗin Borgu, ƙananan masarautun ƙasar Kisra ne, jarumi wanda bisa ga al'adar baka ya yi hijira daga Birnin Kisra ("garin Kisra") a Arabia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} yan’uwansa su ne suka kafa masarautun [[Illo]], [[Masarautar Borgu|Bussa]] da Nikki.{{Ana bukatan hujja}} wasu zuriyar sun kasance masu mulkin [[Wasangari]].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} == Zamanin mulkin mallaka == [[File:1905_Borgu_1d_local_stamp_with_stamps_of_Northern_Nigeria_used_on_piece_via_Zungeru.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Tambarin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Birtaniyya don Kare Arewacin Najeriya da aka yi amfani da su a Borgu da Zungeru]] A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, yankin yana cikin yankin da Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya yi iƙirarin cewa mallakisa, amma fafatawar da Ingila da Faransa ke yi na kula da harkokin kasuwanci a kogin Nijar ya kai ga mamaye yankunan da Faransawa suka yi iko da su, misali a Illo, da jibge sojojin Birtaniya na yammacin Afirka a Yashikera da sauran wurare a yankin.<ref name=Adekunle>Adekunle, Julius. (2004) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KkYp1Q0hYoIC&dq=illo+nigeria&pg=PA134 Politics and Society in Nigeria's Middlebelt: Borgu and the Emergence of a Political Identity].'' Africa World Press, pp. 131-134. {{ISBN|1592210961}}</ref> An dai sasanta lamarin ne da Yarjejeniyar (Delineation Agreement)<ref name=Adekunle/> daga bisani Gwamnatin [[Birtaniya]] ta raba Najeriya zuwa yankunan Arewa da Kudancin ƙasar. Borgu ya zama wani yanki na [[Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya Protectorate]]. An kafa ofisoshin Burtaniya a gefen [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] da [[Jebba]], [[Zungeru]], [[Lokoja]] da Illo, kuma an kafa hanyar wasiku a tsakaninsu don sadarwa da Burtaniya.<ref>"Northern Nigeria: The Illo Canceller and Borgu Mail" by Ray Harris in ''Cameo'', Vol. 14, No. 3, Whole No. 90, October 2013, pp. 158-160.</ref> == Halin da ake ciki a yau == Duk da rabuwar su da kan iyakar turawan mulkin mallaka har yanzu ana ci gaba da musayar ra'ayi tsakanin kananan masarautun Borgu dake [[Benin]] da [[Najeriya]]. Manyan masarautu guda uku sune [[Masarautar Borgu|Bussa]], Illo da [[Nikki, Benin|Nikki]]. A al'adance ana ɗaukar Bussa a matsayin cibiyar ruhaniya ta Borgu, Nikki cibiyar ikon siyasa da Illo babbar cibiyar kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Students.com|url=https://students.com/Borgu|website=students.com|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026121855/https://students.com/Borgu|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi|Sarakunan jihar Kandi ta Bariba]] * [[Jerin sunayen sarakunan jihar Bariba ta Kwande|Sarakunan jihar Bariba ta Kwande]] * [[Rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki|Sarakunan jihar Bariba ta Nikki]] * [[Rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku|Sarakunan jihar Bariba ta Paraku]] == Nassoshi== {{Commons category|Borgu}} ;Manazarta {{Reflist}} ;Sources *Kuba, Richard: ''Wasangari und Wangara: Borgu und seine Nachbarn in historischer Perspektive'', Hamburg 1996. *Lombard, Jacques: ''Structures de type féodal en Afrique noire: Étude des relations sociales chez les Bariba'', Paris 1965. *Stewart, Marjorie: ''Borgu and its Kingdoms'', Lewiston 1993. {{Coord|11.0|N|3.5|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}{{Authority control}} [[category:Tarihin Najeriya]] paaihn482dquv87tkwnias2orvxtj4c 0 67400 551721 492951 2024-12-04T14:11:20Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:1938 Georges Irat ODU Roadster.jpg|thumb|odu]] [[Fayil:4X-ODU Micha.jpg|thumb|''Odu'' (albam)]] '''''Odu''''' Kundin studio ne na mawakin [[Juju|Jùjú]] na [[Najeriya]] [[:en:King_Sunny_Adé|King Sunny Adé]]. An sake shi a cikin 1998 akan Mesa/[[:en:Atlantic_Records|Atlantic]]. An yi rikodi a Dockside Studios, [[:en:Maurice,_Louisiana|Maurice, Louisiana]], Andrew Frankel ne ya shirya shi kuma ya ƙunshi kiɗan [[:en:Yoruba_music|Yarbawa na gargajiya]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201105301851.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.sfweekly.com/2009-06-17/music/king-sunny-ad-s-legnthy-reign/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2014-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113145919/http://www.sfweekly.com/2009-06-17/music/king-sunny-ad-s-legnthy-reign/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Odù yana nufin baƙar magana a tsarin duban Yarbawa na [[Ifá]] . Leo Stanley na [[:en:AllMusic|Allmusic]] ya ba ''Odu'' tauraron taurari huɗu daga cikin biyar. bayyana shi a matsayin "mai arziki, kundi daban-daban".<ref>http://www.allmusic.com/album/odu-r341230/review</ref> cikin 1999, an zabi kundin don [[Lambar yabo ta Grammy|Kyautar Grammy]] a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kiɗa na Duniya.<ref>Nzewi, Meki; Nzewi, Odyke (2007), ''A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts: Illuminations, Reflections and Explorations'', African Minds, ISBN 1-920051-65-1</ref> == Jerin waƙoƙi == # "Jigi Jigi Isapa" - 5:36&nbsp; # "Mai yawon bude ido mai sauƙi" - 5:59&nbsp; # "Alaji Rasaki" - 5:19&nbsp; # "Mo Ri Keke Kan" - 4:04&nbsp; # "Kiti Kiti" - 6:18&nbsp; # "Natuba" - 6:15&nbsp; # "Aiye Nreti Eleya Mi" - 12:50&nbsp; # "Ibi Won Ri O" - 3:33&nbsp; # "Kawa zuwa Bere" - 5:32&nbsp; # "Eri Okan (Lamma) " - 9:56&nbsp; # "Kini Mba Ro" - 4:35&nbsp; == Magana == te109gqi4mnkems0brq5ntldcellrmn 0 68255 551838 482680 2024-12-04T19:10:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Mohamad Aidil Zafuan bin Abd. Radzak''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1987) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malaysia. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin kocin Johor Darul Ta'zim . [[Fayil:Malaysia syria.jpg|thumb|Adil Zafuan]] Ya kasance tsohon memba na tawagar Malaysia U-23 da Malaysia U-20. babba a cikin tagwayensa, Zaquan Adha wanda shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Negeri Sembilan === Aidil Zafuan ya fara aikinsa tare da kungiyar matasa ta Negeri Sembilan . Ya wakilci garinsu, Negeri Sembilan a Wasannin Sukma na 2004. Ya lashe lambar zinare a lokacin gasar da ta faru a Filin wasa na Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Seremban . A kakar 2005-06, an inganta shi zuwa tawagar farko. A farkon kakar wasa ta farko, Negeri Sembilan ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Malaysia Super League. === Sojojin Malaysia === Aidil ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kungiyar Malaysia Premier League ta Malaysian Armed Forces don kakar 2012 ta Malaysia Premier League. Ya lashe [[Malesiya Premier League|Gasar Firimiya ta Malaysia]] a shekarar 2012 kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Malaysia ta 2012. === Johor Darul Ta'zim === A cikin kakar 2013, Aidil ya shiga kulob din da aka sake masa suna Johor Darul Ta'zim (JDT) tare da ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye, Zaquan Adha . Tare da JDT ya lashe gasar Super League ta Malaysia, Kofin FA na Malaysia, Kofen Malaysia kuma a tarihi wani bangare ne na kungiyar da ta lashe kofin AFC na JDT na 2015. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Matasa === Aidil ya wakilci Malaysia tun yana dan shekara 14. Yana da ƙwarewa sosai a fagen matasa na duniya. Ya buga wa tawagar Malaysia U-20 wasa a gasar zakarun matasa ta AFC a 2004 a Malaysia yayin da Malaysia ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe amma kasar Sin ta ci ta. A gasar zakarun matasa ta AFC a Indiya, an zaba shi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar. Malaysia ta kasa lashe dukkan wasannin uku kuma kawai ta sami nasarar zira kwallaye 1 kuma ta ba da kwallaye 7. === Kasa da shekaru 23 === Aidil ya fara wakiltar tawagar Malaysia U-23 a lokacin da aka cancanta a wasannin Olympics na 2008. Ya ci gaba da wakiltar Malaysia a Gasar Merdeka ta 2007 da aka gudanar a Shah Alam da Petaling Jaya kuma ya sami nasarar lashe Gasar Merteka bayan ya doke Myanmar 3:1. Daga nan ya wakilci Malaysia a wasannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da aka gudanar a Thailand . Koyaya, Malaysia ta kasa ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe bayan da ta yi wasa da abokan hamayyar Singapore. A shekara ta 2009, an zaba shi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasa da shekaru 23 a wasannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya na 2009 inda Malaysia ta lashe lambar zinare ta farko bayan shekaru 20. A shekara ta 2014, an zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka wuce shekaru don wasannin Asiya na 2014. Aidil ya fara bugawa a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 2007 a kan Kambodiya. Ya kuma zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a karon farko da ya yi da Cambodia. Daga nan ya zama daya daga cikin 'yan wasan daga kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 da aka zaba a cikin tawagar Malaysia 2007 AFC Asian Cup. Ya bayyana ne kawai a wasan karshe da ya yi da Iran inda Malaysia ta rasa 0-2. Aidil ya karbi jan katin sa na farko a aikin kasa da kasa a lokacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta biyu da Bahrain. A sakamakon haka, FIFA ta hana shi shiga cikin wasan kasa da kasa na wasanni uku. Ya kuma wakilci tawagar Malaysia XI (mai wakiltar Malaysia don wasan B) a kan [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]] a Filin wasa na Shah Alam a ranar 29 ga Yulin 2008. Malaysia XI ta rasa 0-2. Koyaya, kocin Chelsea Luiz Felipe Scolari ya yaba da Malaysia XI don ba da kyakkyawar gwagwarmaya da tawagarsa. A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2016, Aidil tare da 'yan wasa 71 na kasa da kasa ya sanar da ritayar sa daga kwallon kafa ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar shafin yanar gizon kulob din kwallon kafa da shafin Facebook. Ya dawo a shekarar 2017 kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na tawagar Malaysia ta 2018 AFF Suzuki Cup inda ya samu kwallaye 82 na kasa da kasa a lokacin gasar. <ref>[https://www.malaymail.com/news/sports/2019/10/04/aidil-zafuan-excited-about-return-to-harimau-malaya-for-sri-lanka-friendly/1797276 Aidil Zafuan excited about return to Harimau Malaya for Sri Lanka friendly], Malay Mail - Retrieved 06 Oct 2019</ref> <ref>[https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2019/10/527183/aidil-track-becoming-msias-most-prized-footballer Aidil on track to becoming Msia's most prized footballer], New Straits Times - Retrieved 06 Oct 2019</ref> shekarar 2019, ya samu nasarar buga wa Sri Lanka kwallo ta kasa da kasa ta 83 . [1] <ref>[https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2021/12/754020/paying-price-poor-planning Paying the price for poor planning?] </ref><ref>[https://www.sportimes.my/100-up-for-aidil/ 100 up for Aidil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318211712/http://www.sportimes.my/100-up-for-aidil/ |date=2024-03-18 }} - SPORTIMES, 12 December 2021.</ref> samu wasanni 100 da ya buga wa Malaysia a gasar zakarun AFF ta 2020 da ya yi da Vietnam. <ref name="Aidil">[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/malay-azradzak-intl.html Mohamad Aidil Zafuan bin Abdul Radzak - International Appearances - RSSSF]</ref> lokacin aikinsa na kasa da kasa, Aidil ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 101 ga Malaysia kuma bayyanarsa ta kasa da kasa ta ƙunshi wasanni 98 'A' na kasa da ƙasa kamar yadda FIFA ta rarraba ciki har da wasanni 3 na kasa da ba a rarraba su a matsayin 'A' ba. == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="7" |Negeri Sembilan |2005-06 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia | |1 | |0 | |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | |1 |- |2006-07 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia | |1 | |0 | |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - | |1 |- |2007-08 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia | |4 | |0 | |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | |4 |- |2009 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia | |3 | |1 | |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | |5 |- |2010 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia | |1 | |0 | |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | |1 |- |2011 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |23 |1 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar ! !11 ! !1 ! !1 !5 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! !13 |- | rowspan="2" |ATM |2012 |[[Malesiya Premier League|Gasar Firimiya ta Malaysia]] |21 |3 |1 |0 |11 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !21 !1 !1 !0 !11 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !33 !4 |- | rowspan="12" |Johor Darul Ta'zim |2013 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |15 |1 |5 |1 |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |2 |- |2014 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |9 |0 |2 |0 |9 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |20 |0 |- |2015 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |15 |1 |0 |0 |6 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - |26 |1 |- |2016 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |16 |1 |7 |0 |2 |0 |10 |1 | colspan="2" | - |35 |2 |- |2017 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |12 |0 |0 |0 |5 |1 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- |2018 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |11 |0 |0 |0 |7 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |2019 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |13 |0 |0 |0 |9 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |26 |0 |- |2020 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |8 |1 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10 |1 |- |2021 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |9 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10 |0 |- |2022 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |5 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10 |0 |- |2023 |Kungiyar Super League ta Malaysia |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !114 !4 !16 !1 !49 !1 !32 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !211 !7 |} === Kasashen Duniya === <ref name='Aidil'/><ref>{{NFT player |id=23738 |name=Abdul Radzak, Mohd Aidil Zafuan |accessdate=5 December 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="15" |Malaysia |2007 |6 |1 |- |2008 |11 |0 |- |2009 |8 |0 |- |2010 |3 |0 |- |2011 |8 |2 |- |2012 |14 |0 |- |2013 |7 |0 |- |2014 |5 |0 |- |2015 |4 |0 |- |2016 |5 |0 |- |2017 |3 |0 |- |2018 |8 |0 |- |2019 |5 |0 |- |2021 |9 |0 |- |2022 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !98 !3 |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" !# !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Sakamakon !Gasar |- |1. |18 ga Yuli 2007 |Shah Alam, [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] | Kambodiya |6–0 |Ya ci nasara |Abokantaka |- |2. |29 Yuni 2011 |Filin wasa na kasa, Bukit Jalil, [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] | Taipei na kasar Sin |2–1 |Ya ci nasara |cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 (AFC) |- |3. |3 ga Yulin 2011 |Filin wasa na Taipei, [[Taiwan|Jamhuriyar Sin]] | Taipei na kasar Sin |2–3 |Ya ɓace |cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 (AFC) |} == Daraja == '''Negeri Sembilan''' '''Sojojin Malaysia''' * [[Malesiya Premier League|Gasar Firimiya ta Malaysia]]: 2012 * Kofin AFC: 2015 * Malaysia Super League: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 * Kofin Malaysia FA: 2016, 2022, 2023 * Kofin Malaysia: 2017, 2019, 2022 * Garkuwar Taimako ta Malaysia: [[2018 Piala Sumbangsih|2018]]_Piala_Sumbangsih" id="mwAlI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2015 Piala Sumbangsih">2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 * Kofin Lion City: 2005 '''Malaysia U-23''' * Gasar Merdeka: 2007 * Wasannin Tekun: 2009 '''Malaysia''' * Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar cin kofin AFF: 2018 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kyautar kwallon kafa ta FAM: 2012 Anugerah Bola Sepak Kebangsaan 100Plus-FAM: Mai karewa da aka fi so - ATM FA&nbsp; * Kyautar kwallon kafa ta FAM: 2010 Anugerah Bola Sepak Kebangsaan 100Plus-FAM: Mai tsaron da aka fi so - Negeri Sembilan &nbsp; * Kyautar kwallon kafa ta FAM: 2009 Anugerah Bola Sepak Kebangsaan 100Plus-FAM: Mai tsaron da aka fi so - Negeri Sembilan &nbsp; * Kofin AFC All-Time XI: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/revealed-the-afc-cup-all-time-xi-as-voted-by-you|title=Revealed: The AFC Cup All-time XI, as voted by you!|language=en|publisher=AFC|access-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626035116/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/revealed-the-afc-cup-all-time-xi-as-voted-by-you|archive-date=26 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{NFT player|pid=23738}} * {{Soccerway|aidil-zafuan-radzak/10682}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j4fgf9ptkc0ptugf1b8ql585gmkcj64 0 68299 551985 419576 2024-12-05T02:53:05Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg with [[File:State_flag_of_Iran_(1964–1980).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). 551985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country|image=Map Iran 1900-en.png|locator_map=QajarPersia1812.png|flag=State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg|flag_caption=Tuta (1906-1925)|coat=Imperial Emblem of the Qajar Dynasty (Lion and Sun).svg|coat_caption=Makamashi (1907-1925)|caption=Taswirar Iran karkashin daular Qajar a karni na 19|forma_govern=Cikakken sarauta {{small|(1789–1906)}}{{-}}tsarin mulki sarauta {{small|(1906–1925)}}|admin1=* Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar {{small|(farko)}} * Ahmad Shah Qajar {{small|(karshe)}}|admin_type1=[[Shah]]|admin2=* Hajji Ibrahim Shirazi {{small|(farko)}} * Mirza Nasrullah Khan {{small|(karshe)}}|admin3=* Sultan Ali Wazir Afkham {{small|(farko)}} * Reza Pahlavi {{small|(karshe)}}|admin_type2=Vazir-e A'zam|admin_type3=Firayam Minista|organ_legislatiu=Majalisar Shura ta kasa {{small|(1906–1925)}}|anterior=[[File: Zand Dynasty flag.svg|border|20px]] [[Daular Zand]]{{-}}[[File: Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg|border|20px]] [[Daular Afsharid]]{{-}}[[File: Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|border|20px]] Daular Durrani{{-}}[[File: FlagofKalat.svg|border|20px]] Khanatu na Kalat{{-}}[[File: Flag of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg|border|20px]] Masarautar Kartli-Kheti|posterior=[[File: State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|border|20px]] Daular Pahlavi{{-}}[[File: Flag of Russia.svg|border|20px]] Daular Rasha{{-}} [[File: Flag of Afghanistan (1919–1921).svg|border|20px]] Masarautar Afghanistan|llengua=[[Farisawa]] {{small|(wallafe-wallafen kotu / harshe, gudanarwa, al'adu, hukuma)}}{{-}}Azerbaijani {{small|(harshen kotu da harshen uwa na gidan sarauta)}}|anthem=(1873–1909)<br>''[[Royal Salute (anthem)|Salâm-e Shâh]]''<br/>''(Sallamar sarauta)''{{center|[[File:Salam-e shah 1906.ogg]]}}<hr>(1909–1925)<br>''[[w:fa:سلامتی دولت علیه ایران|Salamati-ye Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Iran]]''<br/>''(Gaisuwa ga babbar kasar Iran)''{{center|[[File:Salamati-ye Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Iran.ogg]]}}|native_name=دولت عَلیّهٔ ایران (fa)<br>'''Babbar kasar Iran'''<hr>ممالک محروسهٔ ایران (fa)<br>'''[[Masarautu masu tsaro Iran]]'''}} '''Qajar Iran''' ([[Farisawa]] ايران قاجارى ''Irân Qājāri'') ana kuma kiranta da '''Qajar Farisa<ref>[https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-viii-in-the-qajar-period Qajar Persia.]</ref>''' ([[Farisawa]] فارس قاجارى Faris ''Qājāri''), '''Daular Qajar''' ([[Farisawa]] شاهنشاهى قاجار ''Šāhanšāhi-ye Qājār''), bisa hukuma '''Maɗaukakin Ƙasar Farisa''' ([[Farisawa]] دولت عَلیّهٔ ایران ''Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân'') kuma ana kiranta da '''[[Masarautu masu tsaro Iran]]''' (Farisawa ممالک محروسهٔ ایران ''Mamâlek-e Mahruse-ye Irân''<ref>[https://books.google.iq/books?id=jNuRDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y History of Persia.]</ref>) kasa ce ta Iran<ref>Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3</ref> wacce daular Qajar ta mulki daga 1789 zuwa 1925. Iyalan Qajar sun mamaye Iran gaba daya a shekara ta 1794, inda suka kori Lotf 'Ali Khan, Shah na karshe na [[daular Zand]] kuma suka sake tabbatar da ikon Iran akan manyan sassan Caucasus. A cikin 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar ya ƙwace Mashhad cikin sauƙi,<ref>H. Scheel; Jaschke, Gerhard; H. Braun; Spuler, Bertold; T. Koszinowski; Bagley, Frank (1981).</ref> wanda ya kawo ƙarshen [[daular Afsharid]]. Iran ta hade kuma aka ayyana Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar shah na daular.<ref>[https://books.google.iq/books?id=k9HyyYrPIGgC&dq=agha+mohammad+khan+conquer+georgia&pg=PT192&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Iran : History.]</ref> Daga baya juyin juya halin tsarin mulki ya faru. Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a zamanin mulkin Muzaffar al-Din Shah, sarki mai jiran gado Muhammad Ali Shah ya yi adawa da shi tare da rufe majalisar. Rikicin cikin gida da waje ya haifar da tashin hankali a kasar, kuma sarkin Qajar na karshe shi ne Ahmad Shah Qajar wanda aka hambarar da shi a shekara ta 1925 kuma Reza Pahlavi ya zama Shah na Iran.<ref>[https://fis-iran.org/ti1/320 Qajar.]</ref> == Manazarta == pa3ziv8nrpt1x4qyjvpm1x9n42f59x6 0 69164 551970 413687 2024-12-04T21:40:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Alter Ego''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2017 wanda Jude Martins ya rubuta, wanda Moses Inwang ya ba da umarni kuma Esther Eyibio ya rubuta shi kuma Sidomex Universal ta samar da shi. [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|Omotola Jalade]], Wale Ojo, [[Jide Kosoko]] da [[Kunle Remi]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sidomex |title=Alter Ego (2017 film) |url=https://sidomexuniversal.com/ |website=Sidomex Universal |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> == Abubuwan da shirin ya kunsa == Alter Ego ya ba da labarin wani lauya mai cin nasara wanda ya sadaukar da babban bangare na rayuwarta ta sana'a don gurfanar da masu aikata laifukan jima'i. Tana ɗaukar duk wani mataki da zai yiwu don ganin cewa masu aikata laifuka na jima'i, musamman waɗanda ke lalata yara, ana ɗaure su. Ada Igwe (Omotola Jalade) ba wai kawai ta dogara da doka ba don aiwatar da matakan azabtarwa ga masu laifi kamar yadda take amfani da hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba don tabbatar da cewa wadanda ta samu suna da laifi na cin zarafin yara da laifukan jima'i sun biya laifuffukan su.Binciken da ta yi na adalci ya rinjayi kwarewarta tun tana yarinya yayin da malaminta ya yi mata fyade a makaranta. Koyaya, yunƙurin da take yi na azabtar da masu aikata laifukan jima'i ya hana shi saboda babban sha'awar jima'i. Yanayin da ba ta iya sarrafawa ba. Tana shiga cikin gi da ma'aikatan hukuma a cikin jima'i don kashe sha'awarta a duk lokacin da ta ji marmarin, ba tare da la'akari da lokaci da wuri ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-moses-inwangs-alter-ego-is-a-poignant-look-at-sexual-abuse-and-its-aftermath-id6976528.html|title=Pulse Movie Review: Moses Inwang's "Alter Ego" is a poignant look at sexual abuse and its aftermath|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|website=pulse.ng|date=11 July 2017|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909112311/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-moses-inwangs-alter-ego-is-a-poignant-look-at-sexual-abuse-and-its-aftermath-id6976528.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] a matsayin Adaora Igwe * Wale Ojo * [https://esthereyibio.com/ Esther Eyibio]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Kunle Remi]] * Emem Inwang * [[Jide Kosoko]] == Fitarwa == Wale Ojo ya bayyana cewa duk wuraren jima'i da ya buga tare da [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] na ainihi ne: "Muna rungumar juna, muna da sha'awar juna, na halitta ne. " Omotola ta tabbatar da cewa dole ne ta tafi karin mil a kan saiti: "Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don harba yanayin jima'i sosai. Ni duka ne don yin wasan jima'i yadda ya dace kuma mijina ya san wannan. "<ref>{{cite web |title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde Gushes About Beau, Says 'Na Man You Be' |work=kemiashefonlovehaven.com |date=9 July 2017 |url=https://kemiashefonlovehaven.com/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-gushes-about-beau-says-na-man-you-be/ |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207082744/https://kemiashefonlovehaven.com/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-gushes-about-beau-says-na-man-you-be/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karɓuwa == An saki fim din zuwa karɓar karɓa. Vanguard News yi sharhi: "Omotola ta sake tabbatar da cewa har yanzu tana cikin wasan tare da karfi da gamsarwa a matsayin Adaora Igwe. Tana zaune a cikin halayen lauya da mai shan jima'i, tana sauyawa ba tare da wata matsala ba tsakanin su biyu. Ana shan ku cikin duniyarta kuma har ma da kuskuren ta, har yanzu kuna samun kanka don nasarar da ta samu, har yanzu tana nuna alamar jima'i wanda magoya bayanta suka zo su ƙaunace ta. " Binciken Naija rubuta: "Babban matsalar da na samu tare da wannan fim din shi ne cewa haruffa ba su da cikakkiyar ci gaba. Farawar ta ji da sauri, don haka mun ga Ada da yawa amma ba wani hali ba. Ko da a wannan, ina tsammanin za a iya ci gaba da halin Ada. Lokacin da fim din ya ƙare, na yi sha'awar (kamar yadda nake da za ku kasance lokacin da kake kallon fim din) amma ba za ku isa ga kowane haruffa don kula da suka ƙare ba. "<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reviewnaija.com/reviews/alter-ego-movie-review/|title=Alter Ego, Nigerian Movie Starring Omotola, Nollywood, 2017|website=reviewnaija.com|access-date=2018-08-13|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927124256/https://www.reviewnaija.com/reviews/alter-ego-movie-review/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Cikakken jerin kyaututtuka !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="4" |2017 | rowspan="4" |Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin jagora - Turanci |Omotola Jalade-Ekiende|{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" | |- |Mafi kyawun fim tare da saƙon zamantakewa | rowspan="2" |''Canja Kai''|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |Omotola Jalade Ekeinde /Kunle Remmy|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == mmgy2ib55zrsc8egzpdfipwo0d5j4vn 0 69411 551809 518747 2024-12-04T16:50:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:LOVE Liebe.JPG|thumb|zanen love]] '''''... When Love Happens '''''fim ne na Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Najeriya na 2014 wanda Seyi Babatope ya samar da shi. Tauraruwar Weruche Opia, OC Ukeje, Beverly Naya, Oreka Godis, Gideon Okeke, Bukky Wright, Desmond Elliot, Wale Ojo, Keppy Ekpenyong da Shafy Bello.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/desmond-elliott-o-c-ukeje-lead-pack-love-happens/|title=Desmond Elliott, O.C. Ukeje lead the pack in When Love Happens|last=|first=|date=3 October 2014|work=Vanguard|publisher=Vanguard News|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ngtrends.info/2014/09/bukky-wright-desmond-elliot-oc-ukeje-star-love-happens/|title=Bukky Wright, Desmond Elliot, OC Ukeje star in When Love Happens|author=Money|first=Ayex|date=September 2014|work=Nigerian Trends|publisher=NG Trends|accessdate=26 September 2014|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211050115/http://www.ngtrends.info/2014/09/bukky-wright-desmond-elliot-oc-ukeje-star-love-happens/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/star-studded-movie-when-love-happens-coming/|title=Star Studded Movie 'When Love Happens' Coming Soon|last=|first=|date=4 August 2014|website=|publisher=BizWatchNigeria|accessdate=26 September 2014|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018030943/https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/star-studded-movie-when-love-happens-coming/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/09/18/desmond-elliott-o-c-ukeje-lead-the-pack-in-when-love-happens/ | title=Desmond Elliott, O.C. Ukeje Lead The Pack In When Love Happens | publisher=Best of Nollywood | date=18 September 2014 | accessdate=26 September 2014 | author=Seun | archive-date=21 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421033827/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/09/18/desmond-elliott-o-c-ukeje-lead-the-pack-in-when-love-happens/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/09/bukky-wright-desmond-elliot-oc-ukeje-star-in-when-love-happens/|title=Bukky Wright, Desmond Elliot, OC Ukeje star in When Love Happens|author=Jasanya|first=Olamide|date=23 September 2014|work=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927000121/http://thenet.ng/2014/09/bukky-wright-desmond-elliot-oc-ukeje-star-in-when-love-happens/|archive-date=27 September 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://pulse.ng/movies/coming-soon-oc-ukeje-gideon-okeke-weruche-opia-in-when-love-happens-id3031390.html | title=OC Ukeje, Gideon Okeke, Weruche Opia in "When Love Happens" | publisher=Pulse Nigeria | work=Pulse | date=4 August 2014 | accessdate=27 September 2014 | author=Izuzu, Chidumga | archive-date=3 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222313/http://pulse.ng/movies/coming-soon-oc-ukeje-gideon-okeke-weruche-opia-in-when-love-happens-id3031390.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin Mo, mai shirya abubuwan da suka faru wanda aikinsa shine ya taimaka wa wasu mutane su shirya bukukuwan su, amma yana da wahala su shiga dangantaka. ==Ƴan wasan== * [[Weruche Opia]] as Moduroti 'Mo' Bankole-Smith * Gideon Okeke as Tobe Okoronkwo * [[Beverly Naya]] as Jennifer Obigwe * [[Oreka Godis]] as Tseju * [[OC Ukeje]] as Dare Laguda * Keppy Ekpenyong as Tunde Bankole-Smith * [[Shafy Bello]] as Anna Bankole-Smith * Wale Ojo as Oladele Laguda * [[Bukky Wright]] as Mrs Laguda * [[Desmond Elliot]] as Lanre * [[Helen Paul]] as Chika * Blossom Chukwujekwu as Ike * KC Ejelonu as KC * Femi Brainard as * Enyinna Nwigwe as == Fitarwa == Samar da fim din ya dauki watanni 7. Babban daukar hoto, wanda ya dauki makonni biyu, [1] ya fara ne a Legas a watan Fabrairun 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/08/03/coming-soon-when-love-happens/ | title=Coming Soon: When Love Happens | publisher=Nollywood by Mindspace | work=Nollywood Mindspace | date=3 August 2014 | accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/02/18/when-love-happens-between-o-c-ukeje-helen-paul/ | title='When Love Happens' Between O.C. Ukeje, Helen Paul | publisher=PM News | date=18 February 2014 | accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref> == Saki == Bayan al'amuran an sake sakin gajerun bidiyo a [[YouTube]] daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2014. saki trailer a ranar 3 ga Satumba 2014, tare da hotunan talla da hotuna. saki wasan kwaikwayo na hukuma a kan layi a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2014 . [1] fara shi ne a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2014, a Genesis Deluxe Cinema, The Palms a [[Lekki Lagoon|Lekki]], Legas, [1] [2] kuma an sake shi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/when-love-happens-oc-ukeje-gideon-okeke-others-attend-movie-premiere/dm1nks8|title=OC Ukeje, Gideon Okeke, Others Attend Movie Premiere|author=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|date=18 October 2014|work=Pulse NG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404224952/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/when-love-happens-oc-ukeje-gideon-okeke-others-attend-movie-premiere/dm1nks8|archive-date=4 April 2019|url-status=live|accessdate=20 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/10/exclusive-photos-from-when-love-happens-lagos-premiere.html | title=Exclusive photos from 'When Love Happens' Lagos premiere | publisher=Information NG | work=Information Nigeria | date=17 October 2014 | accessdate=20 October 2014 | author=Tolu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/09/must-watch-nigerias-hottest-young-movie-stars-feature-in-when-love-happens-trailer-poster/|title=Must Watch! Nigeria's Hottest Young Movie Stars feature in "When Love Happens" {{!}} Trailer & Poster|last=|first=|date=18 September 2014|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://9aijabooksandmovies.wordpress.com/2014/09/19/when-love-happens-in-cinemas-october-24th-2014/ | title=When Love Happens: In Cinemas October 24th 2014! | publisher=9aijabooksandmovies | date=19 September 2014 | accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/life-magazine/moviedom/182546-when-love-happens-in-cinemas-october-26|title=When Love Happens In Cinemas October 24|author=Husseini|first=Shaibu|date=12 October 2014|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141013231208/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/life-magazine/moviedom/182546-when-love-happens-in-cinemas-october-26|archive-date=13 October 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=14 October 2014}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == === Karɓa mai mahimmanci === An karɓi fim ɗin da kyau tun lokacin da aka saki shi; Bello da Ekpeyong an bayyana su gabaɗaya a matsayin ma'aurata masu ban sha'awa a cikin fim ɗin. Yawancin masu sukar duk da haka sun lura cewa Okeke ba zai iya fita daga halayensa na ''Tinsel'' ba, kuma cewa sunadarai tsakanin Opia da Okeke kusan ba su wanzu ba (ko ba a yi amfani da su ba) akan allo. Nollywood Reinvented ba shi 41%, yana ambaton cewa babu wani abu da yawa ga wannan fiye da mafi tsarki da kuma mafi mahimmancin nau'in 'chic flick'. ''Sodas da Popcorn'' sun ba da taurari 4 daga cikin 5 kuma sun kammala: "''Lokacin da Soyayya ta faru'' fim ne mai kyau, tare da kyakkyawan simintin da ma'aikata. Yana ba da lokaci mai ban sha'awa sosai. Idan kun kasance mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo mai sauƙi, mai nishaɗi da lafiya na iyali, za ku so wannan". [[Toni Kan]] ya yaba da rubutun da wasan kwaikwayon daga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, yana kammala cewa: "A duk, wannan fim ne mai daɗi wanda ke sa Nollywood alfahari". Efeturi Doghudje na ''360Nobs'' ya yaba da ingancin hoton da kiɗa, amma ya lura cewa fim din ya janye kadan saboda kasancewar al'amuran da ba dole ba da kuma dogon tattaunawa, wanda za'a iya gyara shi. kimanta fim din 4 daga cikin taurari 10 kuma ta kammala: "don fim na farko, ''Lokacin da Soyayya ta faru'' wani abu ne fiye da na yau da kullun. RomCom ne mai sauƙi, tare da tunani mai kyau da kuma babban samarwa". ''Fensir na fim'' ya yaba da rubutun da ingancin samarwa. ba fim din 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "kwarewar jin daɗi". [1] === Godiya gaisuwa === Lokacin Love Happens ta sami gabatarwa a 2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards a cikin nau'o'i uku, gami da "Mafi kyawun Actress a cikin Comedy" don Opia da "Ma fi Kyawun Actor" don Ukeje. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Cikakken jerin kyaututtuka !Kyautar !Sashe !Masu karɓa da waɗanda aka zaba !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="3" |Multichoice (2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards) <br /> |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo |Weruche Opia| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |[[OC Ukeje]]| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mawallafin Comedy |An ce Enunwa, Temitope Bolade| {{Nom}} |} == Duba kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2014 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4094916|When Love Happens}} * {{YouTube|Bdm1h9HojFU|''...When Love Happens'' trailer}} * Lokacin da Ƙauna ta faru An adana shi 2019-08-30 a a kan Demand Africa [[Category:Fim]] dbv7hha8b23u36bn542ypcsbmsy4x91 0 69902 552335 484794 2024-12-05T11:40:01Z Maryamarh 29382 552335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''My Neighbor, My Killer,''''' (Faransa Mon voisin, mon tueur) fim ne na Faransa da Amurka na 2009 wanda Anne Aghion ta jagoranta wanda ke mai da hankali kan tsarin kotunan Gacaca, tsarin adalci na ɗan ƙasa wanda aka kafa a Rwanda bayan kisan kare dangi na 1994. An yi fim sama da shekaru goma, yana sa mu yi tunani game da yadda mutane zasu iya rayuwa tare bayan irin wannan mummunan kwarewa. Ta hanyar labarin da kalmomin mazaunan karkara, muna ganin waɗanda suka tsira da masu kisan kai suna koyon yadda za su zauna tare. == Karɓuwa da kyaututtuka == Ya kasance Zaɓin hukuma a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na shekara ta 2009, <ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/10890325/year/2009.html |title=Festival de Cannes: My Neighbor, My Killer |accessdate=19 May 2009|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> wanda ya lashe [[Nestor Almendros Prize|Kyautar Nestor Almendros]] ta Human Rights Watch don ƙarfin hali a yin fim, wanda aka zaba don kyautar Gotham Best Documentary Award kuma ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun shirin a Montreal Black Festival . An nuna fim din a bukukuwan fina-finai da jami'o'i a duniya, gami da Rwanda. kiyasta shi 100% a kan Rotten Tomatoes . <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/my_neighbor_my_killer/ |title=Rotten Tomatoes: My Neighbor,My Killer |accessdate=17 October 2012 |work=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> My Neighbor, My Killer shine tsawon fasalin da ya danganci Gacaca Series, wanda ya ƙunshi fina-finai uku da Anne Aghion ta yi a tsawon shekaru a Rwanda, daya daga cikinsu - "[[In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies|A Rwanda Muna cewa... Iyalin da ba sa magana ya mutu]]" - ya sami lambar yabo ta Emmy. == Bukukuwan == * Bikin Kula da Fim na 'Yancin Dan Adam<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ff.hrw.org/film/my-neighbor-my-killer | title=My Neighbor, My Killer &#124; Human Rights Watch Film Festival }}</ref> * Bikin Fim na Cannes, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na San Francisco, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Vancouver, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Chicago, 2009 * [[Honorable Mention: One Future Prize, Munich Film Festival|Magana mai daraja: Kyautar Ɗaya ta Makomar, Bikin Fim na Munich]], 2009 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Fribourg, 2020 * Wanda aka zaba: Mafi kyawun Bayani, Gotham Awards, 2009. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.myneighbormykiller.com Shafin hukuma] * {{IMDb title|id=1400357|title=My Neighbor, My Killer}} [[Category:Fim]] tgoeknd4i6oipt4j5bktmtwjt92nbb6 0 70752 551810 462657 2024-12-04T16:54:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''18 Hours''''' Fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya na shekarar 2017 wanda Njue Kevin ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni a karon farko na darakta. The simintin sun ha da Nick Ndeda, [[Sue Wanjiru]], Brian Ogola, Isaya Evans da Shirleen Wangari.<ref name="KenyanVibe">{{Cite news|url=https://www.kenyanvibe.com/fast-facts-soon-released-kenyan-film-18-hours/|title=Fast Facts On The Soon To Be Released Kenyan Film "18 Hours" - KenyanVibe|date=2017-09-20|work=KenyanVibe|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Fim din "ya bi wani sabon likitan asibiti wanda ya tsira da sa'o'i goma sha takwas 18 a cikin motar asibiti don rayuwar wanda ya kamu da hatsarin hanya wanda aka hana shi shiga asibiti. " Fim din, ya zama tarihi a matsayin hoton Kenya na farko da za a zaba don fim mafi kyau a Afirka Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA) yana da wasu gabatarwa huɗu 4 a cikin kyaututtuka na shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/18-hours-kenyan-movies-nominated-amvca-awards/|title='18 Hours' tops Kenyan movies nominated for 2018 AMVCA awards - Nairobi News|date=2018-07-01|work=Nairobi News|access-date=2018-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Labarin fim == Bisa likitan likitancin Brian Odhiambo na ainihi, labarin ya ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da tsarin kiwon lafiya na likita wanda zai yi duk abin da yake bukata don ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/film-on-teen-who-spent-18-hrs-with-ambulance-patient-id7421113.html|title=Film on teen who spent 18 hours with ambulance patient comes to life|last=Watiri|first=Sue|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202132037/http://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/film-on-teen-who-spent-18-hrs-with-ambulance-patient-id7421113.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zach yana aiki ne don sabis na likitocin Raven. Ayyukansa shine kula da shari'o'in gaggawa. Kira na gaggawa ya zo ne daga wani shaida game da hadari da ke kan babbar hanya. Wani mai tafiya ya shiga cikin saurin gudu kuma ya gudu yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida daga aiki. An sanya shi shugaban ceto, Zach da direbansa Mark sun fita daga sansanin su kuma a cikin kimanin minti 20, sun isa wurin. Wanda ya mutu yana zubar da jini ashirin daga kai kuma ba ya motsawa. Zach da Mark sun dauki wadanda suka mutu a cikin motar asibiti kuma ba da daɗewa ba, suna kan hanyarsu zuwa asibitoci daban-daban. Sabina (matar wanda ya mutu) ta haɗu da su, kowannensu yana sauyawa yana kula da wanda ya mutu yayin da suke tabbatar da cewa yana da isasshen iskar oxygen a kowane lokaci. Zack ƙaddara ya ci gaba da rayuwar wanda hatsarin ya shafa, awanni 18 bayan hadarin. == Ƴan wasa == * [[Nick Ndeda]] * [[Sue Wanjiru]] * Brian Ogola * [[Achar Brian]] * [[Junniah W Kariithi]] * [[shirleen Wangari]] * Ruth Maingi * [[Brenda Wairimu]]. == Fitarwa == Fim din fara ne a shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015 lokacin da Njue Kevin, marubuci & darektan, ya karanta wata kasida a jaridar. Labari wanda ya samo asali daga bala'i na ainihi, Inda wani mutum ya zubar da jini a cikin motar asibiti na tsawon sa'o'i goma sha takwas 18 saboda Asibitin Kasa na Kenyatta ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da gado na ICU. Kuma wannan lokacin ne muka fara wasa tare da ra'ayin cewa wannan na iya zama fim mai ƙarfi; fim wanda zai iya nishaɗi amma kuma ana amfani dashi don canjin zamantakewa. An gabatarwa, Phoebe Ruguru ya haɗu kuma ci gaban rubutun ya fara ne da yin magana da likitoci da masu fasaha na gaggawa waɗanda suka nutse sosai kuma suka shiga cikin aikin a ko'ina. Yana ban tsoro na kiwon lafiya, don haka dole ne mu kasance masu gaskiya ga ƙungiyar likitanci, Njue ya gaya wa BBC World sabis. Tsarin simintin buɗe ga jama'a kuma ya haɗa da 'yan wasan Kenya duk da cewa samarwar ta sami aikace-aikace daga' yan wasan kwaikwayo a duk faɗin duniya ciki har da wasu daga LA, Hollywood, London, da Jamus. An sanya kiran simintin a kan layi kuma ya karbi masu neman dubu ɗaya 1000 tare da ashirin da biyar 25 kawai suna yin fim din. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05b7r3j|title=BBC Minute: On film crew and kit, BBC Minute - BBC World Service|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-02-01}}</ref> rubuce-rubucen, Njue ya hayar da mai zane-zane kuma ya kafa sansani na makonni huɗu 4 a cikin gidansa a Nairobi [1] inda suka yi zane-zane da hotuna don ba da labarin a gani. == Saki == An buɗe sa'o'i goma sha takwas 18 zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a duk faɗin Gabashin Afirka a ranar goma 10 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai 2017 ga firaministan da aka sayar. Mutane da yawa na kafofin watsa labarai sun yi farin ciki da ƙaddamarwa ciki har da ɗan wasan Kenya David Rudisha, wanda ke da hannu a cikin kamfen ɗin talla don ba da shawara don ingantaccen martani na gaggawa a Kenya. An karɓi fim ɗin da kyau a [[Kenya|kasar Kenya]] tare da sake dubawa da ke nuna ƙarfin hali na Njue Kevin da tawagarsa don yin fim din 18 Hours.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thearenakenyablog.wordpress.com/2017/11/16/review-18-hours-to-live-the-arena-kenya/|title=REVIEW: 18 Hours to live? {{!}} The Arena Kenya|date=2017-11-16|work=The Arena Kenya {{!}} BLOG|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt6892088}} * {{Official website|https://rocquepictures.net/}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Fim]] 8je0abefj3oddrymcuvtezcz54rwlqd 0 71272 551742 476293 2024-12-04T14:32:52Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Cochin mundu.jpg|thumb|yanayin sa kayan yaren MUNDU]] [[Fayil:Mundu with kurtha.jpg|thumb|Yaren Mündu]] '''Mündü''' (''Mondo'') yare ne na Ubangian na [[Sudan ta Kudu]], tare da 'yan dubban masu magana a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar]] == Wuraren da aka yi == Wani binciken aka yi a shekarar 2013 ya ba da rahoton cewa ƙabilar Mundu tana zaune a cikin bomas masu zuwa na [[Sudan ta Kudu]]. * Amaki Boma, Kozi Payam, Gundumar Maridi * E'di Boma, Ngamunde Payam, Gundumar Maridi * Mundu Boma, Tore Payam, Yei CountyYankin Yei * Adio Boma, Tore Payam, Yankin Yei == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bkcdhngyqrghg85v9rf9fqyiermjs6y 0 71426 551775 493916 2024-12-04T15:33:53Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Irish speakers in 2011.png|thumb|tasbiran Harshen Irish]] [[Fayil:Irish speakers in 2011.png|thumb|Harshen Irish]] Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), kuma aka sani da Irish Gaelic ko kawai Gaelic (/ ˈɡeɪlɪk/ Template:Respell), harshe ne na Goidelic na reshen Celtic Insular na dangin harshen Celtic, wanda wani yanki ne na harshen Indo-Turai. iyali. Irish ɗan asalin tsibirin Ireland ne kuma shine yaren farko na yawan jama'a har zuwa karni na 19, lokacin da a hankali Ingilishi ya mamaye, musamman a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na karni. A yau, har yanzu ana magana da Irish a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Ireland tare da ake kira Gaeltacht, wanda kashi 2% na yawan jama'ar Ireland ne kawai ke rayuwa a cikin 2022. Har ila yau, babban rukuni na masu magana da yare na biyu suna magana da shi, galibi a cikin birane. yankunan. [Ana bukatan hujja] Adadin mutanen (shekaru 3 zuwa sama) a Ireland waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin za su iya magana da Irish a cikin Afrilu 2022 sun kasance 1,873,997, wakiltar 40% na waɗanda suka amsa, amma daga cikin waɗannan, 472,887 sun ce ba su taɓa magana ba kuma ƙarin 551,993 sun ce sun yi magana kawai. cikin tsarin ilimi. Nazarin harshe na masu magana da Irish don haka ya dogara da farko akan adadin masu amfani da yau da kullun a Ireland a wajen tsarin ilimi, wanda a cikin 2022 ya kasance 20,261 a cikin Gaeltacht da 51,707 a wajensa, jimlar 71,968. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021 na Arewacin Ireland, mutane 43,557 sun bayyana cewa suna magana da Irish a kullun, 26,286 suna magana a kowane mako, 47,153 suna magana ƙasa da mako-mako, kuma 9,758 sun ce za su iya magana da Irish, amma ba su taɓa magana ba. Daga 2006 zuwa 2008, fiye da 22,000 Irish Amirkawa sun ba da rahoton yin magana da Irish a matsayin harshensu na farko a gida, tare da sau da yawa wannan lambar tana da'awar "wasu ilmi" na harshen. Ga yawancin tarihin Irish da aka yi rikodin, Irish shine yaren mutanen Irish mafi girma, waɗanda suka ɗauke shi tare da su zuwa wasu yankuna, kamar Scotland da Isle of Man, inda Irish ta Tsakiya ta haifar da Gaelic na Scotland da Manx. Har ila yau, na ɗan lokaci, ana magana da shi a ko'ina cikin Kanada, tare da kiyasin 200,000-250,000 na Kanada masu magana da Irish a kowace rana a cikin 1890. A tsibirin Newfoundland, wani yare na Irish na musamman ya samo asali kafin fadowa da amfani a farkon karni na 20. Tare da tsarin rubuce-rubuce, Ogham, wanda ya samo asali tun aƙalla karni na 4 AD, wanda a hankali aka maye gurbinsa da rubutun Latin tun karni na 5 AD, Irish yana da ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin adabi na harshe a Yammacin Turai. A tsibirin, harshen yana da manyan yaruka uku: Connacht, Munster da Ulster Irish. Dukansu ukun suna da banbance-banbance a cikin maganganunsu da rubutunsu. Har ila yau, akwai "takardar rubutaccen tsari" wanda kwamitin majalisa ya tsara a shekarun 1950. Harafin Irish na gargajiya, bambance-bambancen haruffan Latin mai haruffa 18, an ci nasara ta daidaitattun haruffan Latin (duk da cewa suna da haruffa 7-8 da aka yi amfani da su da farko a cikin kalmomin lamuni). Irish yana da matsayin tsarin mulki a matsayin yaren hukuma na ƙasa da na farko na Jamhuriyar Ireland, kuma har ila yau harshe ne na hukuma na Ireland ta Arewa kuma tsakanin harsunan hukuma na Tarayyar Turai. Hukumar jama'a ta Foras na Gaeilge ce ke da alhakin haɓaka harshe a duk faɗin tsibirin. Irish ba shi da wata hukuma mai tsari amma daidaitaccen tsarin rubutaccen tsari na zamani yana jagorantar sabis na majalisa da sabon ƙamus ta kwamitin sa-kai tare da shigar da jami'a. == Sunaye == === In Irish === === A cikin An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("Jami'in [Rubuta] Standard") sunan harshen Gaeilge, daga sigar Kudancin Connacht, wanda aka rubuta Gaedhilge kafin sake fasalin rubutun na 1948, wanda shine asalin Gaedhealg, nau'in da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Na gargajiya. Gaelic. Sakamakon rubutun na zamani daga gogewar silent Template:Vr a cikin Gaedhilge. Tsofaffin rubutun kalmomi sun haɗa da Gaoidhealg mga a cikin Gaelic na gargajiya da Goídelc sga a cikin Tsohon Irish. Goidelic, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don nufin dangin harshe, an samo shi daga tsohuwar kalmar Irish. === === Ƙididdigar harshe a cikin yarukan Irish na zamani daban-daban sun haɗa da: Gaeilge ga in Galway, Gaeilg/Gaeilic/Gaeilig ga a cikin Mayo da Ulster, da Gaelainn/Gaoluinn ga a West/Cork Kerry Munster, da kuma Gaedhealaing a tsakiyar da East Kerry/ Cork da Waterford Munster don nuna lafazin lafazin gida. === === Gaeilge kuma yana da ma'ana mai faɗi, gami da Gaelic na Scotland da Isle of Man, da na Ireland. Lokacin da mahallin ya buƙace su, ana bambanta waɗannan kamar Gaeilge na hAlban, Gaeilge Mhanann da Gaeilge na hÉireann bi da bi. === == A Turanci == === A cikin Ingilishi (ciki har da Hiberno-Turanci), yawanci ana kiran yaren Irish, da Gaelic da Irish Gaelic. Ana iya ganin kalmar Irish Gaelic lokacin da masu magana da Ingilishi suka tattauna dangantakar da ke tsakanin harsunan Goidelic guda uku (Irish, Scottish Gaelic da Manx). Gaelic kalma ce ta gama gari don harsunan Goidelic, kuma idan mahallin ya bayyana sarai ana iya amfani da shi ba tare da cancanta ba don komawa ga kowane harshe daban-daban. Lokacin da mahallin ya keɓanta amma ba a sani ba, kalmar na iya cancanta, kamar Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic ko Manx Gaelic. A tarihi ana amfani da sunan "Erse" (/ɜːrs/ Template:Respell) a wani lokaci a cikin Scots sannan a cikin Ingilishi don komawa Irish; da Scottish Gaelic. === ==Tarihi== {{Main|History of the Irish language}} An fara ba da shaidar ɗan Irish da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun Ogham daga karni na 4 AD, matakin yaren da aka fi sani da Irish Primitive. An sami waɗannan rubuce-rubucen a ko'ina cikin Ireland da gabar yammacin Biritaniya. Tsohon Irish ya sami canji zuwa Tsohon Irish har zuwa karni na 5. Tsohon Irish, wanda aka samo daga karni na 6, yayi amfani da haruffan Latin kuma an tabbatar da shi da farko a gefe zuwa rubutun Latin. A wannan lokacin, harshen Irish ya sha wasu kalmomin Latin, wasu ta hanyar Old Welsh, ciki har da kalmomin ecclesiastical: misalan easpag (bishop) daga episcopus, da Domhnach (Lahadi, daga dominica). A karni na 10, Tsohon Irish ya samo asali zuwa Irish ta Tsakiya, wanda ake magana a cikin Ireland, Isle na Man da sassan Scotland. Harshen babban rukunin adabi ne, gami da Ulster Cycle. Daga karni na 12, Irish ta tsakiya ya fara canzawa zuwa Irish na zamani a Ireland, zuwa Scottish Gaelic a Scotland, kuma zuwa cikin yaren Manx a cikin Isle of Man. Irish na Zamani na Farko, tun daga karni na 13, shine tushen harshen adabi na Ireland da Scotland masu jin Gaelic. Irish na zamani, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin aikin marubuta irin su Geoffrey Keating, ana iya cewa ya wanzu tun daga karni na 17, kuma shine matsakaicin shahararrun adabi tun daga lokacin. Tun daga karni na 18, harshen ya ɓace a gabashin ƙasar. Dalilan da suka kawo wannan sauyi sun kasance masu sarkakiya amma sun zo ga abubuwa da dama: Ƙarfafa amfani da shi ta hanyar gwamnatin Anglo-Irish. Cocin Katolika na goyon bayan Ingilishi akan Irish. Yaduwar harsuna biyu daga shekarun 1750 zuwa gaba.[[File:Irishin1871.jpg|thumb|The distribution of the Irish language in 1871]] Canjin ya kasance da diglossia (harsuna biyu da al'umma ɗaya ke amfani da su a cikin yanayi daban-daban na zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi) da kuma rikodi na harsuna biyu (kakanin kakanni masu magana da Irish monoglot tare da yara masu harsuna biyu da jikoki masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya). A tsakiyar karni na 18, Ingilishi ya zama yaren tsakiyar Katolika, Cocin Katolika da masu ilimin jama'a, musamman a gabashin kasar. Ƙara, yayin da ƙimar Ingilishi ta bayyana, iyaye sun ba da izinin haramcin Irish a makarantu. Ƙara sha'awar ƙaura zuwa Amurka da Kanada shi ma direba ne, saboda iya turanci ya ba wa sabbin baƙi damar samun ayyukan yi a wuraren da ba na noma ba. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na baƙin haure na Amurka a lokacin Babban Yunwa masu magana da Irish ne. Irish bai kasance mai rahusa ba ga sabuntar Ireland a ƙarni na 19, kamar yadda ake ɗauka sau da yawa. A farkon rabin karni har yanzu akwai kusan mutane miliyan uku waɗanda Irish ya zama harshen farko don su, kuma adadinsu kaɗai ya sa su zama al'adu da zamantakewa. Masu magana da Irish sukan dage kan yin amfani da yaren a kotunan doka (ko da sun san Turanci), kuma Irish ma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin hada-hadar kasuwanci. Harshen ya kasance mai tasiri sosai a cikin "juyin sadaukarwa" wanda ke nuna daidaitattun ayyukan addinin Katolika kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin mahallin siyasa. Har zuwa lokacin Babban Yunwa har ma bayan haka, kowane nau'i na amfani da yaren, Irish birni ne kuma yaren karkara. Wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran harshe ya bayyana a ƙoƙarin da wasu masana al'umma suka yi don magance tabarbarewar harshe. A ƙarshen karni na 19, sun ƙaddamar da farfaɗowar Gaelic a yunƙurin ƙarfafa koyo da amfani da Irish, ko da yake ƴan manyan xaliban da suka ƙware yaren. Motar farfaɗowar ita ce Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge), kuma an ba da fifiko musamman kan al'adar jama'a, wanda a cikin Irish yana da wadata musamman. Haka kuma an yi kokarin bunkasa aikin jarida da adabi na zamani. Ko da yake an lura cewa Cocin Katolika ta taka rawa wajen raguwar harshen Irish kafin Gaelic Revival, Ikilisiyar Furotesta ta Ireland ita ma ta yi ƙaramin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa amfani da Irish a cikin mahallin addini. An buga fassarar Tsohon Alkawari na Irish na Leinsterman Muircheartach Ó Cíonga, wanda Bishop Bedell ya ba da izini, bayan 1685 tare da fassarar Sabon Alkawari. In ba haka ba, ana ganin Anglicisation a matsayin daidai da 'wayewa' ɗan ƙasar Irish. A halin yanzu, masu magana da Irish na zamani a cikin coci suna turawa don farfado da harshe. An kiyasta cewa akwai kusan masu magana da Irish monoglot 800,000 a cikin 1800, wanda ya ragu zuwa 320,000 a ƙarshen yunwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin 17,000 ta 1911. Seán Ó hEinirí, na Cill Ghallagáin, County Mayo, wanda ya mutu 26 Yuli 1998 mai yiwuwa mai magana da harshen Irish ɗaya na ƙarshe. == Matsayi da manufa == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} === Ireland === === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ireland ya amince da Irish a matsayin harshe na ƙasa da na farko na Ireland (Turanci shine sauran yaren hukuma). Duk da haka, kusan duk kasuwancin gwamnati da muhawarar majalisa ana gudanar da su cikin Ingilishi. === === A cikin 1938, wanda ya kafa Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Douglas Hyde, an kaddamar da shi a matsayin shugaban Ireland na farko. Rikodin nasa na isar da sanarwar Ofishinsa na farko a cikin Roscommon Irish ɗaya daga cikin ƴan rikodin yare ne kawai. === .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/eile/brainstorm/2018/0621/972102-douglas-hydes-inauguration-new-ireland/ |title=Douglas Hyde's inauguration – a signal of a new Ireland |last=Murphy |first=Brian |date=25 January 2018 |website=[[RTÉ]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032427/https://www.rte.ie/eile/brainstorm/2018/0621/972102-douglas-hydes-inauguration-new-ireland/ |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/681-history-of-rte/682-rte-1920s/289997-first-radio-broadcast-from-2rn-1-january-1926/ |work=[[RTÉ News]] |title=Douglas Hyde Opens 2RN 1 January 1926 |date=15 February 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106173216/http://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/681-history-of-rte/682-rte-1920s/289997-first-radio-broadcast-from-2rn-1-january-1926/ |archive-date=6 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k129076t.r= |title=Allocution en irlandais, par M. Douglas Hyde |date=28 January 1922 |website=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doegen.ie/taxonomy/term/21756 |title=The Doegen Records Web Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032255/https://doegen.ie/taxonomy/term/21756 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Bilingual sign Grafton Street Dublin Ireland.jpg|thumb|Bilingual sign in [[Grafton Street]], [[Dublin]]]] A cikin ƙidayar 2016, 10.5% na masu amsa sun bayyana cewa suna magana da Irish, ko dai kullum ko mako-mako, yayin da sama da mutane 70,000 (4.2%) ke magana da shi azaman hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun. Daga kafuwar Jihar Free Irish a cikin 1922 (duba Tarihin Jamhuriyar Ireland), sabbin waɗanda aka nada zuwa Ma'aikatar Jama'a ta Jamhuriyar Ireland, gami da ma'aikatan gidan waya, masu karɓar haraji, masu binciken aikin gona, Garda Síochána ('yan sanda), da sauransu. , ana buƙatar samun ƙwarewa cikin Irish. Ta hanyar doka, Garda wanda aka yi magana da Irish dole ne ya amsa cikin Irish kuma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ó Murchú |first=Máirtín |chapter=Aspects of the societal status of Modern Irish |pages=471–90 |editor1-first=Martin J. |editor1-last=Ball |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Fife |title=The Celtic Languages |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-01035-7 |year=1993}}</ref> A cikin 1974, a wani ɓangare ta hanyar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin zanga-zangar kamar Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Harshe, an canza buƙatun shiga aikin gwamnati zuwa ƙwarewa cikin yare ɗaya kawai. Duk da haka, Irish ya kasance abin da ake buƙata na binciken a duk makarantun da ke cikin Jamhuriyar da ke karɓar kuɗin jama'a (duba Ilimi a Jamhuriyar Ireland). Hakanan dole ne malaman makarantun firamare su ci jarrabawar tilas da ake kira Scrúdú Cáilíochta sa Ghaeilge. Tun daga 2005, Garda Síochána daukar ma'aikata suna buƙatar izinin izinin barin Certificate Irish ko Ingilishi, kuma suna karɓar darussa cikin Irish a cikin shekaru biyu na horo. Dole ne a buga takardun hukuma na gwamnatin Irish cikin duka Irish da Ingilishi ko Irish kadai (bisa ga Dokar Harsuna 2003, wanda An Coimisinéir Teanga, mai kula da harshen Irish ya tilasta). Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Ireland tana buƙatar duk ɗaliban da ke son shiga kwas ɗin digiri a cikin tsarin tarayya na NUI don cin nasarar batun Irish a cikin Jarrabawar Takaddun Shaida ko GCE/GCSE. Ana keɓancewa daga wannan buƙatun ga ɗaliban da aka haife su ko kuma sun kammala karatun firamare a wajen Ireland, da kuma ɗaliban da aka gano suna da dyslexia. Ana buƙatar NUI Galway ta nada mutanen da suka ƙware a cikin yaren Irish, muddin kuma sun ƙware a duk sauran fannonin guraben da aka nada su. Dokar Galway ta Kwalejin Jami'ar, 1929 (Sashe na 3) ne ya shimfida wannan buƙatu..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA35Y1929S3.html |title=Obligation to appoint Irish speakers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130121122/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA35Y1929S3.html |archive-date=30 November 2005}}</ref>A cikin 2016, jami'ar ta fuskanci cece-kuce lokacin da ta sanar da nadin shugaban da ba ya jin Irish. MisneachTemplate: Bayyana zanga-zangar adawa da wannan shawarar. A shekara mai zuwa jami'ar ta ba da sanarwar cewa Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh, ƙwararren mai magana da Irish, zai zama shugabanta na 13..{{cn|date=February 2024}}[[File:IMG Creggs2764.jpg|thumb|Bilingual road signs in [[Creggs]], [[County Galway]]]] An shafe shekaru da dama ana tafka muhawara mai karfi a fagen siyasa, ilimi da sauran da'irori game da gazawar mafi yawan dalibai a makarantun Ingilishi-matsakaici don cimma cancanta a cikin Irish, ko da bayan shekaru goma sha hudu na koyarwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan darussa uku..<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/academic-claims-the-forced-learning-of-irish-has-failed-118356.html |title=Academic claims the forced learning of Irish 'has failed' |date=19 January 2006 |work=Independent.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/education/end-compulsory-irish-says-fg-as-14000-drop-subject-118897.html |title=End compulsory Irish, says FG, as 14,000 drop subject |last=Regan |first=Mary |date=4 May 2010 |work=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref>Donncha Ó hÉallaithe: "Litir oscailte chuig Enda Kenny": [http://www.beo.ie/alt-litir-oscailte-chuig-enda-kenny-td.aspx BEO.ie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120013022/http://www.beo.ie/alt-litir-oscailte-chuig-enda-kenny-td.aspx |date=20 January 2011 }}</ref> Haka kuma raguwar masu magana da harshen gargajiya a lokaci guda ya kasance abin damuwa sosai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/study-sees-decline-of-irish-in-gaeltacht-1.949907 |title=Study sees decline of Irish in Gaeltacht |last=Siggins |first=Lorna |date=16 July 2007 |newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>Nollaig Ó Gadhra, 'The Gaeltacht and the Future of Irish, ''Studies'', Volume 90, Number 360</ref><ref>Welsh Robert and Stewart, Bruce (1996). 'Gaeltacht,' ''The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature''. Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>Hindley, Reg (1991). ''The Death of the Irish Language: A Qualified Obituary''. Taylor & Francis.</ref> A cikin 2007, mai shirya fina-finai Manchán Magan ya sami 'yan masu magana da Irish a Dublin, kuma ya fuskanci rashin fahimta lokacin ƙoƙarin yin magana da Irish kawai a Dublin. Bai iya aiwatar da wasu ayyuka na yau da kullun ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin shirinsa na No Béarla.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/jan/05/ireland.features |location=London |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Manchán |last=Magan |title=Cá Bhfuil Na Gaeilg eoirí? * |date=9 January 2007 |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129063301/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/jan/05/ireland.features |archive-date=29 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akwai, duk da haka, girma na masu magana da Irish a cikin birane, musamman a Dublin. Mutane da yawa sun sami ilimi a makarantun da Irish ya zama yaren koyarwa. Irin waɗannan makarantu ana san su da Gaelskoileanna a matakin firamare. Waɗannan makarantun Irish-matsakaicin suna ba da rahoton wasu sakamako masu kyau ga ɗalibai fiye da makarantun Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why choose Irish-medium education? {{!}} Gaeloideachas |url=https://gaeloideachas.ie/why-choose-an-irish-medium-school/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=gaeloideachas.ie}}</ref> A cikin 2009, wata takarda ta ba da shawarar cewa a cikin tsararraki, masu amfani da al'ada na Irish waɗanda ba Gaeltacht ba na iya kasancewa membobin birni, aji na tsakiya, da ƴan tsiraru masu ilimi sosai..<ref>See the discussion and the conclusions reached in 'Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,' The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: [https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html Ideas.repec.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329152128/https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html |date=29 March 2015 }}</ref> Dokokin majalisa yakamata su kasance cikin duka Irish da Ingilishi amma galibi ana samunsu cikin Ingilishi kawai. Wannan ba duk da cewa Mataki na ashirin da 25.4 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ireland ya buƙaci a samar da "fassarar hukuma" na kowace doka a cikin harshen hukuma ɗaya nan da nan a cikin wani yaren hukuma, idan ba a riga an wuce ta cikin harsunan hukuma ba.<ref name="constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/html%20files/Constitution%20of%20Ireland%20(Eng).htm |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090717092821/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/html%20files/Constitution%20of%20Ireland%20%28Eng%29.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2009 |title=Constitution of Ireland |date=1 July 1937 |publisher=[[Government of Ireland]] |access-date=19 June 2007}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2016, RTÉ ta ba da rahoton cewa sama da mutane miliyan 2.3 a duk duniya suna koyon Irish ta hanyar Duolingo app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2016/1125/834370-duolingo-language-learning-app-irish/ |title=Over 2.3m people using language app to learn Irish |date=25 November 2016 |website=[[RTE]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904153245/https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2016/1125/834370-duolingo-language-learning-app-irish/ |archive-date=4 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>Shugaban Irish Michael Higgins a hukumance ya karrama wasu masu fassarori na sa kai don haɓaka bugu na Irish, kuma ya ce yunƙurin neman hakkin yaren Irish ya kasance "aikin da ba a gama ba".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ar-fheabhas-president-praises-volunteer-duolingo-translators-1.2882374 |title=Ar fheabhas! President praises volunteer Duolingo translators |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011123725/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ar-fheabhas-president-praises-volunteer-duolingo-translators-1.2882374 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Gaeltacht ==== {{Main|Gaeltacht}} [[File:Percentage stating they speak Irish daily outside the education system in the 2011 census.png|thumb|upright=1.13|The percentage of respondents who said they spoke Irish daily outside the education system in the 2011 census in the State.^{to be updated}]] Akwai yankunan karkara na Ireland inda har yanzu ana magana da Irish a kowace rana zuwa wani yanki a matsayin yaren farko. An san waɗannan yankuna daban-daban kuma a gaba ɗaya kamar Gaeltacht (jam'i Gaeltachtaí). Yayin da ƙwararrun masu magana da Irish na waɗannan yankuna, waɗanda aka ƙididdige adadinsu a 20Template:Endash30,000,<ref name="Siggins 5">{{Cite news|title=Only 25% of Gaeltacht households fluent in Irish – survey |last=Siggins |first=Lorna |date=6 January 2003 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |page=5}}</ref> are a minority of the total number of fluent Irish speakers, they represent a higher concentration of Irish speakers than other parts of the country and it is only in ''Gaeltacht'' areas that Irish continues to be spoken as a community vernacular to some extent. According to data compiled by the [[Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media|Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, ''Gaeltacht'', Sport and Media]], only 1/4 of households in ''Gaeltacht'' areas are fluent in Irish. The author of a detailed analysis of the survey, Donncha Ó hÉallaithe of the [[Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology]], described the Irish language policy followed by Irish governments as a "complete and absolute disaster". ''[[The Irish Times]]'', referring to his analysis published in the Irish language newspaper {{lang|ga|[[Foinse]]}}, quoted him as follows: "It is an absolute indictment of successive Irish Governments that at the foundation of the Irish State there were 250,000 fluent Irish speakers living in Irish-speaking or semi Irish-speaking areas, but the number now is between 20,000 and 30,000."<ref name="Siggins 5"/> In the 1920s, when the [[Irish Free State]] was founded, Irish was still a vernacular in some western coastal areas.<ref>Hindley 1991, Map 7: Irish speakers by towns and distinct electoral divisions, census 1926.</ref> A cikin 1930s, wuraren da sama da kashi 25% na yawan jama'a ke magana da Irish an rarraba su da Gaeltacht. A yau, yankunan Gaeltacht mafi ƙarfi, a adadi da zamantakewa, su ne na Kudancin Connemara, yamma da Dingle Peninsula, da arewa maso yammacin Donegal, inda yawancin mazauna har yanzu suna amfani da Irish a matsayin harshensu na farko. Ana kiran waɗannan yankuna da sunan Fíor-Ghaeltacht (Gaeltacht na gaskiya), kalmar da aka fara amfani da ita a hukumance ga yankunan da sama da 50% na yawan jama'a ke magana da Irish. Akwai yankunan Gaeltacht a cikin ƙananan hukumomi masu zuwa:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gaeltacht {{!}} Our Language & the Ghaeltacht |url=https://udaras.ie/en/our-language-the-gaeltacht/the-gaeltacht/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Údarás na Gaeltachta |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-05 |title=Gaeltacht Affairs |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/policy-information/2061c-gaeltacht-affairs/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.gov.ie |language=en}}</ref> * [[County Galway]] ({{lang|ga|Contae na Gaillimhe}}) ** [[Connemara]] ({{lang|ga|Conamara}}) ** [[Aran Islands]] ({{lang|ga|Oileáin Árann}}) ** [[Carraroe]] ({{lang|ga|An Cheathrú Rua}}) ** [[Spiddal]] ({{lang|ga|An Spidéal}}) * [[Gaeltacht#Mayo Gaeltacht|County Mayo]] ({{lang|ga|Contae Mhaigh Eo}}) * [[County Donegal]] ({{lang|ga|Contae Dhún na nGall}}) * [[County Kerry]] ({{lang|ga|Contae Chiarraí}}) ** [[Dingle Peninsula]] ({{lang|ga|Corca Dhuibhne}}) ** [[Iveragh Peninsula]] ({{lang|ga|Uibh Rathach}}) * [[Gaeltacht#Cork Gaeltacht|County Cork]] ({{lang|ga|Contae Chorcaí}}) * [[Gaeltacht#Waterford Gaeltacht|County Waterford]] ({{lang|ga|Contae Phort Láirge}}) * [[Gaeltacht#Meath Gaeltacht|County Meath]] ({{lang|ga|Contae na Mí}}) Gweedore (Gaoth Dobhair), County Donegal, ita ce babbar Ikklesiya ta Gaeltacht a Ireland. Kolejoji na bazara na harshen Irish a Gaeltacht suna halartar dubun dubatar matasa kowace shekara. Dalibai suna zaune tare da iyalai na Gaeltacht, suna halartar darasi, shiga cikin wasanni, je céilithe kuma suna wajabta jin Irish. Ana ƙarfafa dukkan al'amuran al'ada da al'adun Irish. Siyasa Dokar Harsunan Hukuma 2003 {{main|Official Languages Act 2003}} [[File:Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish Gaelic languages.jpg|thumb|Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish languages]]An zartar da dokar a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2003 tare da babbar manufar inganta adadi da ingancin ayyukan jama'a da gwamnati da sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a ke bayarwa cikin Irish. An Coimisinéir Teanga (Kwamishina Harshen Irish) ne ke kula da bin dokar da aka kafa a cikin 2004 kuma ana kawo musu koke ko damuwa da suka shafi Dokar. Akwai sassan 35 da aka haɗa a cikin Dokar duk suna bayyani daban-daban na amfani da Irish a cikin takaddun hukuma da sadarwa. A cikin waɗannan sassan akwai batutuwa kamar amfani da yaren Irish a cikin kotuna, wallafe-wallafen hukuma, da sunayen wuri. An yi wa dokar kwaskwarima kwanan nan a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙarfafa dokar da ta riga ta kasance. Duk canje-canjen da aka yi sun yi la'akari da bayanan da aka tattara daga binciken kan layi da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce. Tsarin Harsuna na hukuma 2019–2022 An ƙaddamar da Tsarin Harsuna na hukuma 1 ga Yuli 2019 kuma takarda ce mai shafuka 18 da ke bin ka'idodin Dokar Harsuna na hukuma 2003. Manufar Tsarin ita ce samar da ayyuka ta hanyar matsakaicin Irish da/ko Ingilishi. A cewar Sashen Taoiseach, ana nufin "haɓaka tattalin arziƙi mai ɗorewa da al'umma mai nasara, don biyan bukatun Ireland a ƙasashen waje, aiwatar da Shirin Gwamnati da gina kyakkyawar makoma ga Ireland da dukan 'yan ƙasa." Dabarun Shekaru 20 don Harshen Irish 2010-2030 {{main|20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010–2030}} An samar da dabarun ne a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2010 kuma za ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 2030; yana da niyya don ƙaddamar da ƙarfin harshe da farfaɗo da harshen Irish.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/policy-information/2ea63-20-year-strategy-for-the-irish-language/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=www.gov.ie |date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Takardun mai shafi 30 da Gwamnatin Ireland ta buga yayi cikakken bayani game da manufofin da take shirin yin aiki a kai a yunƙurin kiyayewa da haɓaka yaren Irish da Gaeltacht. An kasu kashi hudu daban-daban da nufin inganta manyan wuraren aiki guda 9 da suka hada da: * "Ilimi" * "The Gaeltacht" * "Idar da Harshen Iyali - Tsangwama na Farko" * "Gudanarwa, Ayyuka da Al'umma" * "Media da Fasaha" * "Kamus" * "Dokoki da Matsayi" * "Rayuwar Tattalin Arziki" * "Initiatives-yanke"<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Government of Ireland |title=20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010-2030 |year=2010 |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/policy-information/2ea63-20-year-strategy-for-the-irish-language/ |pages=11}}</ref> Babban burin wannan dabarun shine ƙara adadin masu magana da yau da kullun daga 83,000 zuwa 250,000 a ƙarshen aikinsa. A shekarar 2022, adadin irin wadannan masu magana ya ragu zuwa 71,968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Irish Language and the Gaeltacht - CSO - Central Statistics Office |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpp8/census2022profile8-theirishlanguageandeducation/irishlanguageandthegaeltacht/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.cso.ie |language=en}}</ref> === Ireland ta Arewa === {{main|Irish language in Northern Ireland}} [[File:Multilingual sign Department Culture Leisure Arts Northern Ireland.jpg|thumb|A sign for the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure in Northern Ireland, in English, Irish and [[Ulster Scots language|Ulster Scots]].]] Kafin rabuwar Ireland a cikin 1921, an san Irish a matsayin batun makaranta kuma a matsayin "Celtic" a wasu cibiyoyin matakin uku. Tsakanin 1921 zuwa 1972, Ireland ta Arewa ta zama gwamnati. A cikin waɗannan shekarun jam'iyyar siyasa da ke riƙe da iko a Majalisar Dokokin Stormont, Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), ta kasance maƙiya ga harshen. Abin da ke tattare da wannan kiyayya shi ne yadda masu kishin kasa suka yi amfani da harshen. A cikin watsa shirye-shirye, an keɓe kan rahoton batutuwan al'adu marasa rinjaye, kuma an cire Irish daga rediyo da talabijin kusan shekaru hamsin na farko na gwamnatin da ta gabata. Bayan Yarjejeniyar Jumma'a mai kyau ta 1998, a hankali harshen ya sami digiri na farko a Ireland ta Arewa daga Burtaniya, sannan, a cikin 2003, ta hanyar amincewa da gwamnatin Birtaniyya dangane da harshen Yarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Yara. A cikin yarjejeniyar St Andrews na 2006 gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi alkawarin kafa doka don inganta harshen kuma a cikin 2022 ta amince da dokar amincewa da Irish a matsayin harshen hukuma tare da Ingilishi. Kudirin ya sami izinin sarauta a ranar 6 ga Disamba 2022. An yi amfani da harshen Irish sau da yawa a matsayin ciniki yayin kafa gwamnati a Arewacin Ireland, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi irin su An Dream Dearg.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/thousands-call-for-irish-language-act-during-belfast-rally-1.3090740 |title=Thousands call for Irish Language Act during Belfast rally |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115205211/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/thousands-call-for-irish-language-act-during-belfast-rally-1.3090740 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Majalisar Turai === === Irish ya zama yaren hukuma na EU a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2007, ma'ana cewa MEPs da ƙwarewar Irish yanzu suna iya magana da yaren a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da kwamitoci, kodayake a cikin yanayin na ƙarshe dole ne su ba da sanarwar gaba ga mai fassara a lokaci guda. domin a tabbatar da cewa za a iya fassara abin da suke faɗa zuwa wasu harsuna. === === Yayin da yaren hukuma na Tarayyar Turai, ƙa'idodin yanke shawara ne kawai aka samu har zuwa 2022, saboda rashin jin daɗi na shekaru biyar, wanda Gwamnatin Irish ta buƙata lokacin yin shawarwarin sabon matsayin harshen. Gwamnatin Ireland ta sadaukar da kanta don horar da adadin masu fassara da masu fassara da kuma ɗaukar nauyin da ya shafi hakan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/spotlight/irish_en.htm |access-date=14 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318191550/http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/spotlight/irish_en.htm |archive-date=18 March 2008 |title=Is í an Ghaeilge an 21ú teanga oifigiúil den Aontas Eorpach |language=Irish |trans-title=Irish is the 21st official language of the European Union}}</ref> Wannan ɓarna a ƙarshe ya zo ƙarshe a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2022, wanda ya sa Irish ya zama cikakkiyar sanannen yaren EU a karon farko a tarihin jihar..<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boland |first=Lauren |title=Irish to be fully recognised as an official EU language from New Year's Day |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/irish-gaeilge-eu-language-5643611-Dec2021/ |access-date=1 January 2022 |website=[[TheJournal.ie]] |date=31 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> === Kafin Irish ya zama yaren hukuma an ba shi matsayin yaren yarjejeniya kuma kawai manyan takardu na EU an samar dasu cikin Irish. '''Wajen Ireland''' {{Main|Irish language outside Ireland|Irish language in Newfoundland}} Yaren Irish an yi amfani da shi zuwa ƙasashen waje a cikin zamani ta hanyar ɗimbin baƙi, musamman zuwa Burtaniya da Arewacin Amurka, amma kuma zuwa Australia, New Zealand da Argentina. Babban ƙungiyoyin farko sun fara ne a cikin ƙarni na 17, galibi sakamakon mamaye Cromwellian na Ireland, wanda ya ga yawancin Irish da aka tura zuwa Indies Yamma. Hijira na Irish zuwa Amurka an kafa shi da kyau tun karni na 18, kuma an ƙarfafa shi a cikin 1840s ta hanyar dubbai da suka tsere daga Yunwa. Wannan jirgin kuma ya shafi Biritaniya. Har zuwa wannan lokacin yawancin masu hijira suna magana da Irish a matsayin harshensu na farko, kodayake Ingilishi yana kafa kansa a matsayin harshen farko. Masu magana da Irish sun fara isa Ostiraliya a ƙarshen karni na 18 a matsayin masu laifi da sojoji, kuma yawancin mazauna Irish sun bi, musamman a cikin 1860s. New Zealand kuma ta sami wasu daga cikin wannan kwararar. Argentina ita ce kaɗai ƙasar da ba ta Turanci ba ta karɓi ɗimbin ƴan ƙaura na Irish, kuma akwai 'yan Irish kaɗan a cikinsu. 'Yan kaɗan daga cikin ƙauran ba su iya karatu da harshen Irish, amma an kawo rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce a cikin yaren zuwa Australia da Amurka, kuma a Amurka ne aka kafa jaridar farko da ta fara amfani da Irish mai mahimmanci: An Gaodhal. A Ostiraliya ma, harshen ya sami hanyar bugawa. Farfaɗowar Gaelic, wacce ta fara a Ireland a cikin 1890s, ta sami martani a ƙasashen waje, tare da kafa rassan Conradh na Gaeilge a duk ƙasashen da masu magana da Irish suka yi hijira. Rushewar ɗan Irish a Ireland da jinkirin ƙaura ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da raguwar harshe a ƙasashen waje, tare da ɓarna na yanayi a cikin ƙasashen da suka karbi bakuncin. Duk da haka, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu sha'awar sun ci gaba da koyo da haɓaka Irish a cikin ƙasashen waje da sauran wurare, yanayin da ya ƙarfafa a rabin na biyu na karni na 20. A yau ana koyar da harshen a matakin manyan makarantu a Arewacin Amurka, Ostiraliya da Turai, kuma masu magana da Irish a wajen Ireland suna ba da gudummawa ga aikin jarida da adabi a cikin harshen. Akwai manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa masu magana da Irish a cikin Amurka da Kanada; Alkaluman da aka fitar na tsawon lokacin 2006-2008 sun nuna cewa 22,279 Irish Amirkawa sun yi iƙirarin jin Irish a gida. Har ila yau, harshen Irish yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Celtic League, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke inganta yancin kai, asalin Celtic da al'adu a Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall da Isle of Man, wanda aka sani tare da Celtic. kasashe. An yi magana da Irish a matsayin harshen al'umma har zuwa farkon karni na 20 a tsibirin Newfoundland, a cikin wani nau'i da aka sani da Newfoundland Irish. Har yanzu ana amfani da wasu ƙamus na Irish, nahawu, da fasalulluka a cikin Ingilishi na Newfoundland na zamani..<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Clarke |first1=Sandra |last2=Paddock |first2=Harold |last3=MacKenzie |first3=Marguerite |date=1999 |title=Language |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/language.php |website=Heritage: Newfoundland and Labrador}}</ref> == Amfani == Bayanan ƙidayar 2016 sun nuna: Adadin mutanen da suka amsa 'e' don iya magana da Irish a cikin Afrilu 2016 ya kasance 1,761,420, raguwa kaɗan (0.7 bisa ɗari) akan adadi na 2011 na 1,774,437. Wannan yana wakiltar kashi 39.8 cikin 100 na masu amsa idan aka kwatanta da 41.4 a cikin 2011... Daga cikin 73,803 masu magana da Irish yau da kullun (a wajen tsarin ilimi), 20,586 (27.9%) sun rayu a yankunan Gaeltacht.<ref name="Cens_16_Irish">{{cite book |title=Report of the 2016 Census of Ireland |date=2017 |publisher=Central Statistics Office |location=Dublin, Ireland |pages=66, 69 |chapter=7. Irish |quote=Of the 1.76 million who said they could speak Irish, 73,803 said they speak it daily outside the education system, a fall of 3,382 on the 2011 figure. ... (421,274) said they never spoke Irish. ... Of the 73,803 daily Irish speakers (outside the education system), 20,586 (27.9%) lived in Gaeltacht areas. The total population of all Gaeltacht areas in April 2016 was 96,090}}</ref> === Masu magana da Irish na yau da kullun a yankunan Gaeltacht tsakanin 2011 da 2016 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Gaeltacht Area ! 2011 ! 2016 ! Change 2011/2016 !Change 2011/2016 (%) |- |align="center"|County Cork |align="right"|982 |align="right"|872 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 110 |{{decrease}} 11.2% |- |align="center"|County Donegal |align="right"|7,047 |align="right"|5,929 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 1,118 |{{decrease}} 15.9% |- |align="center"|Galway City |align="right"|636 |align="right"|647 |align="right"|{{increase}} 11 |{{increase}} 1.6% |- |align="center"|County Galway |align="right"|10,085 |align="right"|9,445 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 640 |{{decrease}} 6.3% |- |align="center"|County Kerry |align="right"|2,501 |align="right"|2,049 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 452 |{{decrease}} 18.1% |- |align="center"|County Mayo |align="right"|1,172 |align="right"|895 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 277 |{{decrease}} 23.6% |- |align="center"|County Meath |align="right"|314 |align="right"|283 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 31 |{{decrease}} 9.9% |- |align="center"|County Waterford |align="right"|438 |align="right"|467 |align="right"|{{increase}} 29 |{{increase}} 6.6% |- |align="center"|''All Gaeltacht Areas'' |align="right"|''23,175'' |align="right"|''20,586'' |align="right"|{{decrease}} ''2,589'' |{{decrease}} ''11.2%'' |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="10" |{{center|''Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/presspages/2017/census2016summaryresults-part1/|title=Census 2016 Summary Results – Part 1 – CSO – Central Statistics Office|website=Cso.ie|language=en|access-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730013846/http://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/presspages/2017/census2016summaryresults-part1/|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>''}} |} A cikin 1996, ɓangarorin zaɓe guda uku a cikin Jiha inda Irish ke da mafi yawan masu magana yau da kullun sune An Turloch (91%+), Scainimh (89%+), Min an Chladaigh (88%+).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/department-of-tourism-culture-arts-gaeltacht-sport-and-media/?referrer=http://www.chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2018/07/report-of-coimisiun-na-gaeltachta.pdf|title=Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media|website=www.gov.ie}}</ref> ==Harsuna== Yaruka na gargajiya da yawa suna wakilta Irish da nau'ikan Irish "birane" iri-iri. Ƙarshen sun sami rayukan nasu da kuma yawan masu magana da harshe. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yarukan suna sa kansu su ji cikin damuwa, ƙaranci, ƙamus da fasali na tsari. Kusan magana, manyan yankuna ukun da suka tsira sun zo daidai da lardunan Connacht (Cúige Chonnacht), Munster (Cúige Mumhan) da Ulster (Cúige Uladh). Hukumar Folklore ta Irish ce ta yi rikodin wasu yarukan Leinster (Cúige Laighean) da sauransu..<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doegen Records Web Project |url=https://doegen.ie/taxonomy/term/21984 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908015716/https://doegen.ie/taxonomy/term/21984 |archive-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]],a gabashin Kanada, yana da wani nau'i na Irish da aka samo daga Munster Irish na ƙarshen karni na 18 (duba Newfoundland Irish). === Connacht === {{Main|Connacht Irish}} A tarihi, Connacht Irish yana wakiltar mafi yawan yammacin yankin yare wanda ya taɓa shimfiɗa daga gabas zuwa yamma a tsakiyar Ireland. Yare mafi ƙarfi na Connacht Irish ana samunsa a cikin Connemara da tsibirin Aran. Mafi kusa da babban Connacht Gaeltacht shine yaren da ake magana a cikin ƙaramin yanki akan iyakar Galway (Gaillimh) da Mayo (Maigh Eo). Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin sanannen nau'in Kudancin Connemara na Irish, sigar Mid-Connacht/Joyce Country (a kan iyaka tsakanin Mayo da Galway) da siffofin Achill da Erris a arewacin lardin. Siffofin a cikin Connacht Irish sun bambanta da ma'auni na hukuma sun haɗa da zaɓi don kalmomin magana da ke ƙarewa a -achan, misali. lagachan maimakon lagú, "raunana". Furcin da ba daidai ba na Cois Fharraige tare da tsayin wasula da raguwar ƙarewa yana ba shi sauti na musamman. Fasalolin yare na Connacht da Ulster sun haɗa da lafazin kalma-ƙarshe / w/ kamar [w], maimakon kamar [vˠ] a cikin Munster. Misali, sliabh ("dutse") shine [ʃlʲiəw] a cikin Connacht da Ulster sabanin [ʃlʲiəβ] a kudu. Bugu da ƙari, masu magana da Connacht da Ulster sukan haɗa da "mu" karin magana maimakon amfani da daidaitattun sinadarai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Munster, misali. Ana amfani da bhí muid don "mun kasance" maimakon bhíomar. Kamar yadda yake a cikin Munster Irish, wasu gajerun wasulan suna tsawaita wasu kuma ana diphthongised kafin Template:Vr, a cikin kalmomin monosyllabic da kuma cikin maɗaukakiyar syllable na kalmomi masu yawa inda syllable ke biye da baƙaƙe. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin ceann [cɑːn̪ˠ] "kai", cam [kɑːmˠ] "karkace", gearr [ɟɑːɾˠ] "gajere", ko [ouɾˠd̪ˠ] "sledgehammer", gall [gɑːl̪ˠ] "bare, ba-ta-bare [iːn̪ˠt̪ˠəsˠ] "abin al'ajabi, al'ajabi", da dai sauransu. Siffar Samfura:Vr, lokacin da suke faruwa a ƙarshen kalmomi kamar agaibh, ana kiran su da [iː]. A Kudancin Connemara, alal misali, akwai ɗabi'ar maye gurbin kalma-ƙarshe /vʲ/ da /bʲ/, a cikin kalma kamar sibh, libh da dóibh (lafazin bi da bi a matsayin "shiv," "liv" da "dófa" a cikin sauran wuraren). Wannan sanya sautin B kuma yana nan a ƙarshen kalmomin da ke ƙarewa da wasula, kamar acu ([ˈakəbˠ]) da 'leo ([lʲoːbˠ])). Hakanan akwai halin barin /g/ a cikin agam, agat da sakewa, halayen sauran yarukan Connacht. Duk waɗannan lafuzzan suna na yanki musamman. Lafazin lafazin da ya yaɗu a Ƙasar Joyce (yankin da ke kusa da Lough Corrib da Lough Mask) ya yi kama da na Kudancin Connemara, tare da irin wannan tsarin ga kalmomin agam, agat da sake da kuma irin wannan hanyar magana ta wasula da baƙaƙe amma akwai. bambance-bambance ne masu ban sha'awa a cikin ƙamus, tare da wasu kalmomi kamar doiligh (mawuyaci) da foscailte waɗanda aka fi son fiye da deacair da oscailte da aka saba. Wani al’amari mai ban sha’awa na wannan yare mai ban sha’awa shi ne, kusan dukkan wasulan da ke qarshen kalmomi ana kiran su da [iː]: eile (other), cosa (kafa) da déanta ( aikata) ana iya kiran su da eilí, cosaí da sauransu. déantaí bi da bi. Yaren Arewacin Mayo na Erris (Iorras) da Acaill (Acaill) yana cikin nahawu da ilimin halittar jiki ainihin yaren Connacht amma yana nuna wasu kamanceceniya da Ulster Irish saboda babban ƙaura na mutanen da aka kora suna bin Shuka Ulster. Misali, kalmomin da suke ƙarewa -Template:Vr suna da sauti mai laushi da yawa, tare da karkatar da kalmomi kamar leo da dóibh tare da Samfura:Vr, bada leofa da dófa bi da bi. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙamus na wasu yanki na Connacht, mutum kuma yana samun kalmomin Ulster kamar amharc (ma'anar "duba"), nimhneach (mai zafi ko ciwo), druid (kusa), mothaigh (ji), doiligh (mawuyaci), úr. (sabo), da tig le (don iya - watau nau'i mai kama da féidir). Shugaban Irish Douglas Hyde yana yiwuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin masu magana na ƙarshe na yaren Roscommon na Irish.<ref name="auto" /> === Munster === {{Main|Munster Irish}} Munster Irish shine yaren da ake magana a cikin yankunan Gaeltacht na gundumomin Cork (Contae Chorcaí), Kerry (Contae Chiarraí), da Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge). Ana iya samun yankunan Gaeltacht na Cork a tsibirin Cape Clear (Oileán Chléire) da Muskerry (Múscraí); na Kerry na kwance a Corca Dhuibhne da Iveragh Peninsula; da na Waterford a cikin Ring (An Rinn) da Old Parish (An Sean Phobal), duka biyun sun haɗu da Gaeltacht na nDéise. Daga cikin larduna uku, Irish da ake magana a Cork da Kerry sun yi kama da na Waterford. Wasu siffofi na musamman na Munster Irish sune: * Amfani da kalmomi na roba a layi daya da tsarin jigo mai suna, don haka "I must" shine caithfead a cikin Munster, yayin da sauran yaruka sun fi son caithfidh mé (mé na nufin "I"). "Na kasance" da "ku kasance" bhíos da bhís ne a cikin Munster amma yawanci bhí mé da bhí tú a wasu yarukan. Waɗannan halaye ne masu ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani da sifofin bhíos da sauransu a Yamma da Arewa, musamman idan kalmomin sun ƙare a cikin sashe. * Amfani da nau'ikan fi'ili masu zaman kansu/dogara waɗanda ba a haɗa su cikin Ma'auni ba. Misali, "Na gani" a cikin Munster shine chím, wanda shine tsari mai zaman kansa; Har ila yau Ulster Irish yana amfani da nau'i mai kama, tchím, yayin da "Ban gani ba" shine ní fheicim, feicim kasancewa nau'i na dogara, wanda ake amfani da shi bayan barbashi kamar ní ("ba"). An maye gurbin Chím da feicim a cikin Standard. Hakazalika, sigar gargajiya da aka kiyaye a cikin Munster bheirim "Na bayar"/ní thugaim shine tugaim/ní thugaim a cikin Ma'auni; gheibhim I get/ní bhfaighim is faighim/ní bhfaighim. * Lokacin da kafin Template:Vr da sauransu, a cikin kalmomin monosyllabic kuma a cikin maɗaukakin maɗaukaki na kalmomi masu yawa inda harafin ke biye da baƙar fata, wasu gajerun wasulan suna tsawaita yayin da wasu kuma suna diphthongised, a ceann [cɑun̪ˠ] "kai", cam [ kɑumˠ] "karkace", gearr [ɟɑːɾˠ] "gajeren", ord [oːɾˠd̪ˠ] "sledgehammer", gall [gɑul̪ˠ] "bare, ba Gael", iontas [uːn̪ˠtˠˠəsach, [uːn̪ˠtˠəsach a] [ da] "aboki, abokin aure", da dai sauransu. * Gine-ginen da ya ƙunshi ea "shi" ana yawan amfani da shi. Don haka "Ni ɗan Irish ne" ana iya cewa Éireannach mé kuma Éireannach is ea mé a Munster; akwai bambance-bambance a hankali a cikin ma'ana, duk da haka, zaɓi na farko shine bayani mai sauƙi na gaskiya, yayin da na biyu ya kawo girmamawa ga kalmar Éireannach. A zahiri ginin wani nau'in "gabatarwa ne". * Dukansu kalmomi na namiji da na mata suna ƙarƙashin lenition bayan insan (sa/san) "a cikin", den "na", da don "to/ga": sa tsiopa "a cikin shagon", idan aka kwatanta da Standard sa siopa. (The Standard lenites kawai mata suna a cikin dative a cikin wadannan lokuta). * Eclipsis of Template:Vr after sa: sa bhfeirm, "a cikin gona", maimakon san fheirm. * Eclipsis of Template:Vr and Template:Vr after preposition + the single article, with all prepositions except after insan, den and don: ar an dtigh "akan gidan", ag an ndoras "a bakin kofa". Matsawa gabaɗaya yana kan harafi na biyu na kalma lokacin da kalmar farko ta ƙunshi ɗan gajeren wasali, kuma na biyun yana ɗauke da dogon wasali ko diphthong, ko shine -Template:Vr, e.g. Ciarán yana adawa da [ˈciəɾˠaːn̪ˠ] a cikin Connacht da Ulster. === Ulster === {{Main|Ulster Irish}} Ulster Irish ita ce yare da ake magana a cikin yankunan Gaeltacht na Donegal. Waɗannan yankuna sun ƙunshi duk al'ummomin Ulster inda aka yi magana da Irish a cikin layin da ba a karye ba tun lokacin da yaren ya kasance babban yaren Ireland. Al'ummomin da ke jin Irish a wasu sassan Ulster sakamakon farfaɗowar harshe ne - iyalai masu magana da Ingilishi sun yanke shawarar koyon Irish. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa mutane 4,130 suna magana a gida. A cikin harshe, mafi mahimmancin yarukan Ulster a yau shine abin da ake magana, tare da ƴan bambance-bambance, a cikin Gweedore (Gaoth Dobhair = Inlet of Streaming Water) da The Rosses (na Rossa). Sautin Ulster Irish ya bambanta sosai da sauran manyan yaruka biyu. Yana raba fasali da yawa tare da yarukan kudu na Scottish Gaelic da Manx, haka kuma yana da kyawawan kalmomi da inuwar ma'anoni. Duk da haka, tun bayan mutuwar waɗannan yarukan Irish da ake magana da su a cikin abin da yake a yau Arewacin Ireland, mai yiwuwa ƙari ne a ga Ulster Irish na yau a matsayin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin Scottish Gaelic da yarukan kudanci da yamma na Irish. Gaelic na Arewacin Scotland yana da fasalulluka da yawa waɗanda ba Ulster ba tare da Munster Irish. Ɗayan sanannen hali na Ulster Irish, Scots Gaelic da Manx shine amfani da mummunan barbashi cha(n) a maimakon Munster da Connacht ní. Ko da yake kudancin Donegal Irish yana son yin amfani da fiye da cha (n), cha (n) ya kusan kawar da su a cikin yarukan arewa (misali Rosguill da Tory Island), kodayake ko a cikin waɗannan yankunan níl "ba" ya fi kowa fiye da chan fhuil. ko kuma ku bhfuil.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=John Noel |title=A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, County Donegal |publisher=Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast |year=1974}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lucas |first=Leslie W. |title=Grammar of Ros Goill Irish, County Donegal |publisher=Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast |year=1979}}</ref> Wani abin lura shi ne lafazin kalmar fi'ili na mutum ɗaya wanda ya ƙare -(a)im as -(e)am, wanda kuma aka saba da Isle of Man da Scotland (Munster/Connacht siúlaim "Ina tafiya", Ulster siúlam). Leinster Har zuwa farkon karni na 19 har ma daga baya, ana magana da Irish a duk yankuna goma sha biyu na Leinster. Shaidar da sunayen wuri, tushen adabi da rubuce-rubucen magana ke nuna cewa babu yaren Leinster kamar haka. Madadin haka, babban yaren da ake amfani da shi a lardin ana wakilta shi da babban bel na tsakiya wanda ya tashi daga yamma Connacht zuwa gabas zuwa gadar Liffey da kudu zuwa Wexford, kodayake yana da bambance-bambancen gida da yawa. Ƙananan yaruka biyu sun wakilci jawabin Ulster na gundumomin Meath da Louth, waɗanda suka yi nisa zuwa kudu har zuwa kwarin Boyne, da kuma yaren Munster da aka samu a Kilkenny da kudancin Laois. Babban yare yana da halaye waɗanda ke wanzuwa a yau kawai a cikin Irish na Connacht. Yawanci yana sanya damuwa akan harafin farko na kalma, kuma yana nuna fifiko (wanda aka samo a cikin sunayen wuri) don ma'anar fa'ida:Vr inda daidaitaccen rubutun shine Samfura:Vr. Don haka kalmar cnoc (tudu) za a iya kiranta croc. Misalai sune sunayen wuri Crooksling (Cnoc Slinne) a cikin County Dublin da Crukeen (Cnoicín) a Carlow. Gabashin Leinster ya nuna diphthongization ko wasula iri ɗaya kamar a cikin Munster da Connacht Irish a cikin kalmomi kamar zabe (rami), cill (monastery), coill (itace), ceann (kai), cam (karkace) da mafarki (jama'a). Wani fasalin yare shine lafazin Template:Vr, wanda gabaɗaya ya zama [eː] a gabas Leinster (kamar a cikin Munster), da [iː] a yamma (kamar a cikin Connacht).<ref>Williams 1994, pp. 467–478.</ref> Shaida ta farko game da harshen Irish a gabas Leinster ana samunsa a cikin The Fyrst Boke na Gabatarwar Ilimi (1547), ta likitan Ingilishi kuma matafiyi Andrew Borde..<ref>{{cite web |last=Borde |first=Andrew |date=1870 |editor-last=Furnivall |editor-first=F.J. |title=''The Fyrst Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge'' |url=https://archive.org/stream/fyrstbokeintrod01boorgoog#page/n140/mode/2up |publisher=N. Trubner & Co. |pages=131–135}}</ref> Kalmomin misalin da yake amfani da su sun haɗa da waɗannan: {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 1em;" ! rowspan="2" |English ! colspan="2" |Leinster Irish |- !Anglicised spelling !Irish spelling |- | How are you? || ''Kanys stato?''|| [{{lang|ga|Canas 'tá tú?}}] |- | I am well, thank you || ''Tam a goomah gramahagood.''|| [{{lang|ga|Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat.}}] |- | Sir, can you speak Irish? || ''Sor, woll galow oket?''|| [{{lang|ga|Sir, 'bhfuil Gaeilig [Gaela'] agat?}}] |- | Wife, give me bread! || ''Benytee, toor haran!''|| [{{lang|ga|A bhean an tí, tabhair arán!}}] |- | How far is it to Waterford? || ''Gath haad o showh go part laarg?''. || [{{lang|ga|Gá fhad as [a] seo go Port Láirge?}}] |- | It is one a twenty mile. || ''Myle hewryht.'' || [{{lang|ga|Míle a haon ar fhichid.}}] |- | When shall I go to sleep, wife? || ''Gah hon rah moyd holow?'' || [{{lang|ga|Gathain a rachamaoid a chodladh?}}] |} ==== The Pale ==== [[File:The Pale According to the Statute of 1488.jpg|thumb|upright=0.86|right|[[The Pale]] – According to Statute of 1488]] [[The Pale]] ({{lang|ga|An Pháil}})wani yanki ne a kusa da ƙarshen tsakiyar Dublin a ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnatin Ingila. A ƙarshen karni na 15 ya ƙunshi yanki kusa da bakin teku daga Dalkey, kudu na Dublin, zuwa garin garrison na Dundalk, tare da iyakacin ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi Naas da Leixlip a cikin Earldom na Kildare da Trim da Kells a cikin County Meath zuwa arewa. . A cikin wannan yanki na "English tunge" Turanci bai taɓa zama babban yare ba - kuma ya kasance ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan; ’yan mulkin mallaka na farko su ne Norman waɗanda ke magana da Norman Faransanci, kuma kafin waɗannan Norse. Harshen Irish ya kasance yaren mafi yawan jama'a. Wani jami'in Ingilishi ya yi magana game da Pale a cikin 1515 cewa "dukkan talakawan yankunan da aka ce rabin yankunan da ke biyayya ga dokokin Sarki, mafi yawancin su na haihuwar Irish ne, na Irish al'ada da kuma harshen Irish". Tare da ƙarfafa al'adu da siyasa na Ingilishi, sauyin harshe ya fara faruwa amma wannan bai bayyana a fili ba sai karni na 18. Ko da a lokacin, a cikin shekaru goma na 1771-81, yawan masu magana da Irish a Meath ya kasance aƙalla 41%. A 1851 wannan ya faɗi ƙasa da 3%.<ref name="Fitzgerald">See Fitzgerald 1984.</ref> ==== Gabaɗaya raguwa ==== ==== Turanci ya fadada sosai a Leinster a cikin karni na 18 amma har yanzu masu magana da Irish suna da yawa. A cikin shekarun 1771-81 wasu ƙananan hukumomi sun ƙididdige kaso na masu magana da Irish kamar haka (ko da yake ƙididdiga na iya yin ƙasa da yawa) ==== <nowiki>:</nowiki><ref name="Fitzgerald" /> :Kilkenny 57% :Louth 57% :Longford 22% :Westmeath 17% Harshen ya ga mafi saurin raguwar farkonsa a cikin lardunan Dublin, Kildare, Laois, Wexford, da Wicklow. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, County Wicklow an lura da shi a matsayin mafi ƙarancin kashi na masu magana da Irish na kowace yanki a Ireland, tare da kawai 0.14% na yawan jama'arta suna da'awar samun ilimin harshe. Adadin yaran da ke jin Irish a Leinster ya ragu kamar haka: 17% a cikin 1700s, 11% a cikin 1800s, 3% a cikin 1830s, kuma kusan babu a cikin 1860s. Ƙididdiga na Irish na 1851 ya nuna cewa har yanzu akwai adadin tsofaffin masu magana a County Dublin. An yi rikodin sauti tsakanin 1928 zuwa 1931 na wasu daga cikin masu magana na ƙarshe a Omeath, County Louth (yanzu ana samun su ta hanyar dijital). Shahararriyar mai magana ta gargajiya ta ƙarshe a Omeath, da kuma a cikin Leinster gabaɗaya, ita ce Annie O'Hanlon (née Dobbin), wacce ta mutu a shekara ta 1960. Yarenta, hakika, reshe ne na Irish na kudu maso gabas Ulster..<ref>{{cite web |title=Cur síos ar an chainteoir ó dhúchas deireannach ón Ó Méith, Co Lú, Anna Uí AnnluainCur síos ar an chainteoir ó dhúchas deireannach ón Ó Méith, Co Lú, Anna Uí Annluain |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1981-proinsias-o-conluain/615547-gaeilgeoir-deireannacha-mith/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |publisher=RTÉ Archives}}</ref> === Amfani da birni daga tsakiyar zamanai zuwa karni na 19 === === Ana magana da Irish a matsayin yaren al'umma a cikin garuruwa da biranen Irish har zuwa karni na 19. A cikin ƙarni na 16 da 17 ya yaɗu har ma a cikin Dublin da Pale. Mai kula da Ingilishi William Gerard (1518-1581) yayi sharhi kamar haka: "Dukkan Ingilishi, kuma mafi yawansu tare da jin daɗi, har ma a Dublin, suna magana da Irish," yayin da tsohon masanin tarihin Ingilishi Richard Stanihurst (1547-1618) ya koka da cewa "Lokacin da su zuriyar ba ta zama gaba ɗaya ba don kiyayewa, kamar yadda kakanninsu suka yi ƙarfin hali wajen cin nasara, harshen Irish yana da 'yanci a cikin Turanci Pale: wannan canker ya ɗauki tushe mai zurfi, kamar yadda jikin da ya kasance cikakke da sauti, ya kasance kadan da kadan. mai rauni, kuma a cikin hanyar da ta lalace gabaɗaya." === === Yaren Irish na Dublin, wanda yake kamar yadda yake tsakanin yaren Ulster na gabas na Meath da Louth zuwa arewa da yaren Leinster-Connacht da ke gaba da kudu, mai yiwuwa ya nuna halayen duka biyun a fannin sauti da nahawu. A cikin County Dublin ita kanta ƙa'idar gabaɗaya ita ce sanya damuwa a farkon wasalin kalmomi. Da lokaci ya bayyana cewa nau'ikan shari'ar ɗabi'a sun ɗauki sauran ƙarshen shari'ar a cikin jam'i (wani hali da aka samu kaɗan a cikin wasu yarukan). A cikin wasiƙar da aka rubuta a Dublin a shekara ta 1691, mun sami misalai kamar haka: gnóthuimh (harka ce mai tuhuma, daidaitaccen nau'i na gnóthaí), tíorthuibh (harka mai tuhuma, ma'auni shine tíortha) da leithscéalaibh (harka mai ban mamaki, daidaitaccen tsari shine leithscéalta). ). === === Hukumomin Ingilishi na zamanin Cromwellian, sun san cewa ana magana da Irish sosai a Dublin, sun shirya don amfani da shi a hukumance. A shekara ta 1655 an umurci manyan mutane da yawa su kula da wata lacca a Irish da za a yi a Dublin. A cikin Maris 1656 an naɗa wani limamin Katolika da ya tuba, Séamas Corcy, ya yi wa’azi cikin harshen Irish a Ikklesiya ta Bride kowace Lahadi, kuma an umarce shi ya yi wa’azi a Drogheda da Athy. A shekara ta 1657 turawan Ingila yan mulkin mallaka a Dublin sun gabatar da koke ga majalisar gundumomi suna korafin cewa a cikin Dublin kanta "akwai Irish da aka saba kuma yawanci ana magana". === === Akwai shaida na zamani na amfani da Irish a wasu yankunan birane a lokacin. A shekara ta 1657 an gano cewa ya zama dole a yi rantsuwa na Kashe (ƙin yarda da ikon Paparoma) a cikin Irish a cikin Cork don mutane su fahimta. === === Irish yana da ƙarfi sosai a farkon karni na 18 Dublin don zama yaren mawaƙa da marubuta waɗanda Seán da Tadhg Ó Neachtain suka jagoranta, duka mawaƙan bayanin kula. Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce a cikin Irish sun ci gaba a cikin Dublin har zuwa ƙarni na 18. Babban misali shi ne Muiris Ó Gormáin (Maurice Gorman), ƙwararren mai tsara rubuce-rubucen da ya tallata ayyukansa (a Turanci) a cikin Jaridar Dublin ta Faulkner. Har yanzu akwai adadin masu magana da Irish a cikin County Dublin a lokacin ƙidayar 1851. === === A cikin wasu biranen zuriyar mazauna Anglo-Norman na tsakiya, waɗanda ake kira Old English, masu jin yaren Irish ne ko masu harsuna biyu a ƙarni na 16. Mai kula da Ingilishi kuma matafiyi Fynes Moryson, a rubuce a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na karni na 16, ya ce "Irish na Ingilishi da kuma 'yan ƙasa (ban da na Dublin inda mataimakin ubangiji yake zaune) ko da yake suna iya jin Turanci kamar mu, duk da haka. yawanci suna jin Irish a tsakanin juna, kuma da kyar tattaunawar da muka saba ta sa su yi magana da mu Ingilishi". A Galway, wani birni wanda Tsohuwar yan kasuwa na Ingilishi suka mamaye kuma masu aminci ga Crown har zuwa Yaƙin Irlandan Confederate (1641-1653), amfani da yaren Irish ya riga ya haifar da zartar da dokar Henry VIII (1536), wanda aka nada a matsayin kamar haka: === === Abu, cewa kowane mazaunin cikin mu ya ce towne [Galway] kokarin da kansu don jin Turanci, kuma su yi amfani da kansu bayan Turanci facon; kuma, musamman, da ku, da kowane ɗayanku, ku sanya 'ya'yanku su yi wa 'ya'yanku wulakanci, don fahimtar Turanci ... === === Rushewar cibiyoyin al'adu na asali a karni na sha bakwai ya ga martabar zamantakewar Irish ta ragu, kuma anglicisation na tsakiyar aji ya biyo baya. Ƙididdigar 1851 ta nuna, duk da haka, cewa garuruwa da biranen Munster har yanzu suna da mahimmancin yawan jama'ar Irish. Da yawa a baya, a cikin 1819, James McQuige, tsohon mai wa'azi na Methodist a Irish, ya rubuta: "A wasu manyan garuruwan kudanci, Cork, Kinsale har ma da garin Bandon na Furotesta, ana sayar da kayayyaki a kasuwanni, kuma suna kuka a cikin manyan biranen kudu. titi, in Irish".<ref>Quoted in de Brún 2009, pp. 11–12.</ref> Masu magana da Irish sun ƙunshi sama da 40% na yawan mutanen Cork har ma a cikin 1851.<ref>Fitzgerald, Garrett, 'Estimates for baronies of minimal level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts, 117-1781 to 1861–1871,' Volume 84, ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy'' 1984</ref> === === Amfanin birni na zamani === === Ƙarshen 18th da 19th an sami raguwar adadin masu magana da Irish na Dublin, daidai da yanayin da ake ciki a wasu wurare. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, lokacin da farfaɗowar Gaelic ta ga ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi ta Irish, wacce rassa daban-daban na Conradh na Gaeilge ke haɗuwa, kuma tare da sabunta ayyukan adabi. A cikin 1930s Dublin yana da rayuwar adabi mai rai a cikin Irish. === === Urban Irish ya kasance wanda ya ci moriyar, daga shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, na tsarin Gaelskoileanna mai saurin haɓakawa, yana koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish. Ya zuwa 2019 akwai irin waɗannan makarantun firamare 37 a Dublin kaɗai. === === An ba da shawarar cewa garuruwa da biranen Ireland suna samun ɗimbin ɗimbin masu magana da Irish, wanda ke nunawa a faɗaɗa kafofin watsa labaru na harshen Irish. Yawancin matasa matasa ne waɗanda, bayan sun ci karo da Irish a makaranta, sun yi ƙoƙari don samun ƙwarewa, yayin da wasu sun sami ilimi ta hanyar Irish kuma wasu sun girma tare da Irish. Waɗanda daga asalin masu magana da Ingilishi yanzu galibi ana bayyana su a matsayin nuachainteoirí ("sabbin masu magana") kuma suna amfani da duk wata dama da ake da su (biki, abubuwan da suka faru "fito") don yin aiki ko inganta Irish. === === An ba da shawarar cewa mizanin kwatankwacin har yanzu Irish na Gaeltacht ne, amma wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa matasa masu magana da birni suna alfahari da samun nasu nau'in yare daban-daban. Kwatankwacin Irish na gargajiya da na birni na nuna cewa banbance tsakanin manyan baki da siriri, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ilimin harshe na Irish da nahawu, ba a cika ko da yaushe ana lura da shi a cikin Irish na birni. Wannan da sauran sauye-sauye sun sa ya yiwu Irish na birni zai zama sabon yare ko ma, cikin dogon lokaci, ya zama wani nau'i (watau sabon harshe) dabam da Gaeltacht Irish. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa akwai ƙayyadaddun ƙima a tsakanin masu magana da Irish, tare da girmamawa mafi girma ga Irish na masu magana da harshen Gaeltacht na asali kuma tare da "Dublin" (watau birane) Irish ba shi da wakilci a cikin kafofin watsa labaru. Wannan, duk da haka, yana kamanceceniya da gazawa a tsakanin wasu masu magana da Irish na birni don sanin fasalin nahawu da na sauti masu mahimmanci ga tsarin harshe.<ref name="schism">{{cite news|last=Ó Broin|first=Brian|date=16 January 2010|title=Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/schism-fears-for-gaeilgeoir%C3%AD-1.1269494|url-status=live|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216211616/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/schism-fears-for-gaeilgeoir%C3%AD-1.1269494|archive-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> === === Tabatarwa === {{Main|An Caighdeán Oifigiúil}} Babu ma'auni ɗaya na hukuma don faɗin yaren Irish. Wasu ƙamus, kamar Foclóir Póca, suna ba da lamuni guda ɗaya. Kamus na kan layi kamar Foclóir Béarla-Gaeilge suna ba da fayilolin mai jiwuwa a cikin manyan yaruka uku. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yarukan suna da yawa, kuma sun haifar da matsaloli masu maimaitawa wajen fahimtar "misali Irish." A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan tuntuɓar masu magana da yaruka daban-daban sun ƙaru sosai kuma bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yarukan ba su da yawa. An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("The Official Standard"), sau da yawa ana gajarta zuwa An Caighdeán, mizani ne na rubutun rubutu da nahawu na Irish, wanda gwamnatin Irish ta haɓaka kuma ke amfani da ita. Dokokinta suna bin yawancin makarantu a Ireland, kodayake makarantu a ciki da kuma kusa da yankunan masu jin Irish suma suna amfani da yare na gida. Sashen fassara na Dáil Éireann ne ya buga shi a cikin 1953 kuma an sabunta shi a cikin 2012<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2012 |title=An Caighdeán Oifigiúil |trans-title=The Official Standard |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/translators/An-Caighde%C3%A1n-Oifigi%C3%BAil-2017.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425182331/http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/translators/An-Caighde%C3%A1n-Oifigi%C3%BAil-2017.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |language=Irish}}</ref> and 2017. == Furuci == {{Main|Irish phonology}} In pronunciation, Irish ya fi kama da danginsa na kusa, Scottish Gaelic da Manx. Wani abin lura shi ne cewa baƙaƙe (sai dai /h/) suna zuwa bi-biyu, ɗaya “faɗi” (mai faɗi, furuci tare da bayan harshe an ja da baya zuwa ga baki mai laushi) da ɗaya “siriri” (palatalised, furta tare da tsakiyar harshen ya tunkude sama zuwa ga baki mai wuya). Yayin da nau'i-nau'i masu faɗi-sira ba su keɓanta ga Irish ba (ana samun su, alal misali, cikin Rashanci), a cikin Irish suna da aikin nahawu. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+wayoyin baki !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| !colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]] !colspan="2" | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]] !colspan="2" | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] !rowspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- class=small ! [[velarization|broad]] ! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|slender]] ! [[velarization|broad]] ! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|slender]] ! [[velarization|broad]] ! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|slender]] |- !rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]] !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small> | {{IPA link|pˠ}} || {{IPA link|pʲ}} | {{IPA link|t̪ˠ}} || {{IPA link|tʲ}} | {{IPA link|k}} || {{IPA link|c}} | |- !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | {{IPA link|bˠ}} || {{IPA link|bʲ}} | {{IPA link|d̪ˠ}} || {{IPA link|dʲ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} || {{IPA link|ɟ}} | |- !rowspan="2"|[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]/<br/>[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small> | {{IPA link|fˠ}} || {{IPA link|fʲ}} | {{IPA link|sˠ}} || {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA link|x}} || {{IPA link|ç}} | {{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | {{IPA link|w}} || {{IPA link|vʲ}} | || | {{IPA link|ɣ}} || {{IPA link|j}} | |- !colspan="2"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|mˠ}} || {{IPA link|mʲ}} | {{IPA link|n̪ˠ}} || {{IPA link|nʲ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ}} || {{IPA link|ɲ}} | |- !colspan=2| [[Flap consonant|Tap]] | || | {{IPA link|ɾˠ}} || {{IPA link|ɾʲ}} | || | |- !colspan=2| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] | || | {{IPA link|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA link|lʲ}} | || | |} {| class="wikitable" |- |+wayoyin wasulla |- ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Front vowel|Front]] ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Central vowel|Central]] ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Back vowel|Back]] |- ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Vowel length|<small>short</small>]] ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Vowel length|<small>long</small>]] ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Vowel length|<small>short</small>]] ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Vowel length|<small>short</small>]] ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Vowel length|<small>long</small>]] |- ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Close vowel|Close]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ɪ}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|iː}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ʊ}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|uː}} |- ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Mid vowel|Mid]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ɛ}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|eː}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ə}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ɔ}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|oː}} |- ! style="text-align:center;"| [[Open vowel|Open]] | ||| || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|a}}|| || style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|ɑː}} |} The [[diphthongs]] of Irish are {{IPAs|iə, uə, əi, əu}}. == Syntax da ilimin halittar jiki == {{Main|Irish grammar|Irish declension|Irish conjugation|Irish syntax}} Irish fusional ne, VSO, harshe na zarge-zarge. Ba fi'ili ko tauraron dan adam ya tsara shi ba, kuma yana yin amfani da kalmomi masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Suna ƙi don lambobi 3: maɗaukaki, dual (kawai a haɗe tare da lamba dhá "biyu"), jam'i; 2 jinsi: namiji, mace; da kuma shari'o'i 4: nomino-accusative (ainmneach), vocative (gairmeach), genitive (ginideach), da prepositional-locative (tabharthach), tare da burbushin burbushin tsohuwar zargi (cuspóireach). Siffofin sun yarda da sunaye a lamba, jinsi, da harka. Siffofin suna gabaɗaya suna bin sunaye, kodayake wasu suna gabaci ko gabanin suna. Alamun nuni suna da nau'ikan kusanci, tsaka-tsaki, da sifofi masu nisa. Ana kiran shari'ar prepositional-locative dative ta al'ada, kodayake ta samo asali ne a cikin Proto-Celtic ablative. Kalmomi suna haɗuwa don lokuta 3: baya, yanzu, nan gaba; 2 al'amurran: cikakke, mara kyau; lambobi 2: guda ɗaya, jam'i; 4 yanayi: nuni, subjunctive, sharadi, wajibi; 2 nau'ikan dangi, dangi na yanzu da na gaba; kuma a wasu kalmomi, siffofi masu zaman kansu da masu dogaro. Kalmomi suna haɗaka ga mutane 3 da sigar da ba ta dace ba wacce ba ta da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; mutum na uku yana aiki azaman fom ɗin sirri na kyauta wanda za'a iya bi ko akasin haka zuwa kowane mutum ko lamba. Akwai kalmomi guda biyu don “zama”, ɗaya don halaye na asali masu nau'i biyu kawai, shine "yanzu" da ba "da" da "sharadi", ɗayan kuma don halaye masu wucewa, tare da cikakkun nau'ikan sifofi banda sifa ta magana. . Kalmomi biyu suna raba suna na fi'ili ɗaya. Samar da fi'ili na Irish yana ɗaukar tsarin gauraye yayin haɗuwa, tare da duka hanyoyin nazari da na roba da aka yi amfani da su dangane da tsauri, lamba, yanayi da mutum. Misali, a cikin ma'auni na hukuma, kalmomin fi'ili na yanzu sun haɗa nau'i ne kawai a cikin mutum na 1 kawai da sifofi masu zaman kansu (watau molaim 'Na yaba', molaimid 'mun yaba', moltar 'ana yabawa, yabo ɗaya'), yayin da duk sauran mutane. ana isar da su ta hanyar nazari (watau molann sé 'ya yaba', molann sibh 'you pl. yaba'). Matsakaicin analytic zuwa sifofin roba a cikin mizanin fi'ili da aka bayar ya bambanta tsakanin lokuta daban-daban da yanayi. Siffofin al'ada, na wajibi da na baya sun fi son sifofin roba a mafi yawan mutane da lambobi, yayin da sifofi na baya-bayan nan, na gaba da na yanzu sun fi son mafi yawan sifofin nazari. Ana isar da ma'anar muryar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar sigar fi'ili mai cin gashin kanta, duk da haka akwai kuma wasu sifofi masu kamanceceniya da ginannun fasikanci da sakamako. Har ila yau, akwai adadin ɓangarorin preverbal da ke yin alama mara kyau, tambayoyi, juzu'i, jumlar dangi, da sauransu. Akwai suna na fi'ili da sifa na magana. Siffofin fi’ili na yau da kullun ne sosai, nahawu da yawa suna gane kalmomi 11 da ba na ka’ida ba. Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun canza don mutum da lamba. Maganganu daban-daban suna gudanar da shari'o'i daban-daban. A Tsoho da Tsakiyar Irish, prepositions suna gudanar da shari'o'i daban-daban dangane da ma'anar fassarar da aka yi niyya; wannan ya bace a cikin Irish na zamani sai dai a cikin burbushin tsari. Irish ba shi da wani fi'ili da zai bayyana samun; maimakon haka, ana amfani da kalmar ag ("at", da dai sauransu) tare da ma'anar "be" fi'ili bheith: Ta leabhar agam. "Ina da littafi." (A zahiri, "akwai littafi a wurina", cf. Russian У меня есть книга, Finnish minulla on kirja, French le livre est à moi) * Da fatan za a. "Kai (mufuradi) kuna da littafi." * Ta leabhar aige. "Yana da littafi." * Ta leabhar ai. "Tana da littafi." * Ta sake dawowa. "Muna da littafi." * Ta leabhar agaibh. "Ku (jam'i) kuna da littafi." * Ta leabhar acu. "Suna da littafi." Lambobi suna da nau'i uku: m, gama-gari da na yau da kullun. Lambobin daga 2 zuwa 10 (kuma waɗannan a hade tare da manyan lambobi) ba safai ake amfani da su ga mutane ba, ana amfani da ƙididdiga masu ƙima maimakon: da "Biyu." dhá leabhar "Littattafai biyu." beirt "Mutane biyu, ma'aurata", beirt fhear "Maza biyu", beirt bhan "Mata biyu". dara, tarna (free bambancin) "Na biyu." Irish has both decimal and vigesimal systems: 10: {{lang|ga|a deich}} 20: {{lang|ga|fiche}} 30: vigesimal – {{lang|ga|a deich is fiche}}; decimal – {{lang|ga|tríocha}} 40: v. {{lang|ga|daichead, dá fhichead}}; d. {{lang|ga|ceathracha}} 50: v. {{lang|ga|a deich is daichead}}; d. {{lang|ga|caoga}} (also: {{lang|ga|leathchéad}} "half-hundred") 60: v. {{lang|ga|trí fichid}}; d. {{lang|ga|seasca}} 70: v. {{lang|ga|a deich is trí fichid}}; d. {{lang|ga|seachtó}} 80: v. {{lang|ga|cheithre fichid}}; d. {{lang|ga|ochtó}} 90: v. {{lang|ga|a deich is cheithre fichid}}; d. {{lang|ga|nócha}} 100: v. {{lang|ga|cúig fichid}}; d. {{lang|ga|céad}} A number such as 35 has various forms: {{lang|ga|a cúigdéag is fichid}} "15 and 20" {{lang|ga|a cúig is tríocha}} "5 and 30" {{lang|ga|a cúigdéag ar fhichid}} "15 on 20" {{lang|ga|a cúig ar thríochaid}} "5 on 30" {{lang|ga|a cúigdéag fichead}} "15 of 20 (genitive)" {{lang|ga|a cúig tríochad}} "5 of 30 (genitive)" {{lang|ga|fiche 's a cúigdéag}} "20 and 15" {{lang|ga|tríocha 's a cúig}} "30 and 5" The latter is most commonly used in mathematics. ===Initial mutations=== {{Main|Irish initial mutations}} In Irish, there are two classes of initial [[consonant mutation]]s, which express grammatical relationship and meaning in verbs, nouns and adjectives: * [[Lenition]] ({{lang|ga|séimhiú}}) describes the change of [[Plosive|stops]] into [[fricative]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110226607/10.1515/9783110226607.235.xml|date=11 April 2014|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|isbn=978-3-11-022660-7|language=en|doi=10.1515/9783110226607.235|title=The Sound Structure of Modern Irish|pages=235–316 |chapter=III the morphonology of Irish }}</ref> Indicated in [[Gaelic type]] by an [[Dot (diacritic)#Overdot|overdot]] ({{lang|ga|ponc séimhithe}}), it is shown in [[Roman type]] by adding an {{vr|h}}. ** {{lang|ga|caith!}} "throw!" – {{lang|ga|chaith mé}} "I threw" (lenition as a past-tense marker, caused by the particle {{lang|ga|do}}, now generally omitted) ** {{lang|ga|gá}} "requirement" – {{lang|ga|easpa an ghá}} "lack of the requirement" (lenition marking the genitive case of a masculine noun) ** {{lang|ga|Seán}} "John" – {{lang|ga|a Sheáin!}} "John!" (lenition as part of the vocative case, the vocative lenition being triggered by {{lang|ga|a}}, the vocative marker before {{lang|ga|Sheáin}}) * [[Irish initial mutations#Eclipsis|Eclipsis]] ({{lang|ga|urú}}) covers the voicing of voiceless stops, and [[nasalisation]] of voiced stops. ** {{lang|ga|Athair}} "Father" – {{lang|ga|ár nAthair}} "our Father" ** {{lang|ga|tús}} "start", {{lang|ga|ar dtús}} "at the start" ** {{lang|ga|Gaillimh}} "Galway" – {{lang|ga|i nGaillimh}} "in Galway" Mutations are often the only way to distinguish grammatical forms. For example, the only non-contextual way to distinguish [[pronoun#Possessive|possessive pronouns]] "her", "his" and "their", is through initial mutations since all meanings are represented by the same word {{lang|ga|a}}. * his shoe – {{lang|ga|a bhróg}} (lenition) * their shoe – {{lang|ga|a mbróg}} (eclipsis) * her shoe – {{lang|ga|a bróg}} (unchanged) Due to [[irish initial mutations|initial mutation]], [[prefix]]es, [[clitic]]s, [[suffix]]es, [[root (linguistics)|root]] [[inflection]], ending [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]], [[elision]], [[sandhi]], [[epenthesis]], and [[assimilation (phonology)|assimilation]]; the beginning, core, and end of words can each change radically and even simultaneously depending on context. == Rubutun Rubutu == {{Main|Irish orthography}} [[File:Badge of the Irish Defence Forces.svg|thumb|The official symbol of the Irish Defence Forces, showing a Gaelic typeface with dot diacritics]] A native [[writing system]], [[Ogham]], was used to write Primitive Irish and Old Irish until [[Latin script]] was introduced in the 5th century [[Common Era|CE]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Celtic-languages/Irish|title=Celtic languages - Irish &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> Since the introduction of Latin script, the main [[typeface]] used to write Irish was [[Gaelic type]] until it was replaced by [[Roman type]] during the mid-20th century. The traditional Irish [[alphabet]] ({{Lang|ga|áibítir}}) consists of 18 [[letter (alphabet)|letter]]s: {{vr|a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u}}; it does not contain {{vr|j, k, q, v, w, x, y, z}}.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46449130 |title=Graiméar Gaeilge na mBráithre Críostai. |date=1999 |publisher=An Gúm |others=L. A. Ó hAnluain, Christian Brothers |isbn=1-85791-327-2 |edition=Eagrán nua |location=Baile Átha Cliath |oclc=46449130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Orthography |url=http://www.nualeargais.ie/gnag/ortho.htm |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=www.nualeargais.ie |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031917/http://www.nualeargais.ie/gnag/ortho.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> However contemporary Irish uses the full Latin alphabet, with the previously unused letter used in modern [[loanword]]s; {{vr|v}} occurs in a small number of (mainly [[Onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]]) native words and [[colloquialism]]s. Vowels may be [[Diacritic|accented]] with an [[acute accent]] ({{vr|á, é, í, ó, ú}}; Irish and [[Hiberno-English]]: {{Lang|ga|(síneadh) fada}} "long (sign)"), but it is ignored for purposes of alphabetisation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish 'fada' to get legal protection – and must appear in all State IT systems and computer keyboards |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/irish-fadato-get-legal-protection-and-must-appear-in-all-state-it-systems-and-computer-keyboards-40631034.html |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=independent |date=8 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It is used, among other conventions, to mark [[Vowel length|long vowel]]s, e.g. {{vr|e}} is {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{vr|é}} is {{IPA|/eː/}}. The [[Dot (diacritic)#Overdot|overdot]] ({{Lang|ga|ponc séimhithe}} "dot of lenition") was used in traditional [[orthography]] to indicate [[lenition]]; An Caighdeán uses a following {{vr|h}} for this purpose, i.e. the dotted letters ({{lang|ga|litreacha buailte}} "struck letters") {{vr|ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ḟ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ}} are equivalent to {{vr|bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th}}. The use of Gaelic type and the overdot today is restricted to when a traditional style is consciously being used, e.g. {{lang|ga|Óglaiġ na h-Éireann}} on the [[Irish Defence Forces cap badge]] (see [[#Orthography|above]]). Extending the use of the overdot to Roman type would theoretically have the advantage of making Irish texts significantly shorter, e.g. {{lang|ga|gheobhaidh sibh}} "you (pl.) will get" would become {{lang|ga|ġeoḃaiḋ siḃ}}. === Chanza rubutu === Kusan lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Séamas Daltún, mai kula da Template:Ill (Sashen Fassara na gwamnatin Irish), ya fitar da nasa jagororin yadda ake daidaita rubutun Irish da nahawu. Wannan ma'auni na gaskiya daga baya Jiha ta amince da ita kuma ta haɓaka zuwa Caighdeán Oifigiúil, wanda ya sauƙaƙa da daidaita rubutun kalmomi da nahawu ta hanyar cire haruffan shiru na tsakanin yare da sauƙaƙe haɗar wasali. Inda nau'ikan iri da yawa suka wanzu a cikin yaruka daban-daban don kalma ɗaya, an zaɓi ɗaya, misali: beirbhiughadh → beiriú "dafa abinci" bidh → bia "abinci" Gaedhealg / Gaedhilg / Gaedhealaing / Gaeilic / Gaelainn / Gaoidhealg / Gaolainn → Gaeilge "harshen Irish" An Caighdeán baya nuna duk yaruka zuwa mataki ɗaya, misali. cruaidh /kɾˠuəj/ "hard", leabaidh / ˈl̠ʲabˠəj/ "gado", da tráigh /t̪ˠɾˠaːj/ "beach" an daidaita su azaman crua, leaba, da trá duk da gyare-gyaren rubutun kalmomi kawai suna nuna fahimtar South Connachtˠˠ, [kɠ] [kɠ] da [t̪ˠɾˠaː], kasa wakiltar sauran fahimtar yare [kɾˠui], [ˈl̠ʲabˠi], da [t̪ˠɾˠaːi] (a cikin Mayo da Ulster) ko [kɾˠuəɟ], [ˈlˠˠˠuəɟ], [ˈlɠˠˠ [ʲ], [ˈl̠ʲʲ] Munster), wanda ya kasance a baya suna wakilta ta hanyar rubutun da aka riga aka gyara.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Aidan |title=An Ghaeilge, Podręcznik Języka Irlandzkiego |last2=Gussmann |first2=Edmund |author-link2=Edmund Gussmann |year=2005 |isbn=83-7363-275-1 |page=417|publisher=Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego }}</ref> Don haka ne wasu masu magana ke amfani da kalmomin da aka yi kafin gyara don nuna lafuzzan yare. Sauran misalan sun haɗa da genitive na bia "abinci" (/ bʲiə/; pre-reform biadh) da saol "rayuwa, duniya" (/ sˠeːlˠ/; pre-reform saoghal), gane [bʲiːɟ] da [sˠeːlʲ] a cikin Munster, yana nunawa. Kalmomin pre-Caighdeán bídh da saoghail, waɗanda aka daidaita su azaman bia da saoil duk da rashin wakiltar lafuzzan Munster.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An Ghaeilge, Podręcznik Języka Irlandzkiego |first1=Aidan |last1=Doyle |first2=Edmund |last2=Gussmann |author-link2=Edmund Gussmann |year=2005 |isbn=83-7363-275-1 |page=412|publisher=Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Aidan |title=An Ghaeilge, Podręcznik Języka Irlandzkiego |last2=Gussmann |first2=Edmund |author-link2=Edmund Gussmann |year=2005 |isbn=83-7363-275-1 |page=432|publisher=Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego }}</ref> == Misalin Rubutu == '''Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]''' {| |- || '''Irish''': <br>{{lang|ga|Saolaítear gach duine den chine daonna saor agus comhionann i ndínit agus i gcearta. Tá bua an réasúin agus an choinsiasa acu agus ba cheart dóibh gníomhú i dtreo a chéile i spiorad an bhráithreachais.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=gli1 }}</ref> |style="padding-left: 1em"| '''English''': <br> All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |publisher=[[United Nations]] }}</ref> |} == Duba Kuma == {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * {{lang|ga|[[Béarlachas]]}}, Anglicisms in Irish * {{lang|ga|[[Buntús Cainte]]}}, a course in basic spoken Irish * [[Comparison of Scottish Gaelic and Irish]] * {{lang|ga|[[Cumann Gaelach]]}}, Irish language Society * [[Dictionary of the Irish Language]] * [[Fáinne]], a lapel pin for Irish speakers * [[Goidelic substrate hypothesis]] * [[Hiberno-Latin]], a variety of [[Medieval Latin]] used in Irish monasteries. It included Greek, Hebrew and Celtic neologisms. * [[Irish language outside Ireland]] * [[Irish name]] and [[Place names in Ireland]] * [[Irish words used in the English language]] * [[Irish (Junior Cert)|Irish]], a subject of the Junior Cycle examination in Secondary schools in Ireland * [[List of artists who have released Irish-language songs]] * [[List of English words of Irish origin]] * [[List of Ireland-related topics]] * [[List of Irish-language given names]] * [[List of Irish-language media]] * [[Modern literature in Irish]] * [[Status of the Irish language]], a detailed account of the current state of the language. * {{lang|ga|[[Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge]]}} {{div col end}} == Rubutu == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == === Ambato === {{Reflist}} === Bibliography === {{refbegin|30em}} * Caerwyn Williams, J.E. & Ní Mhuiríosa, Máirín (ed.). ''{{lang|ga|Traidisiún Liteartha na nGael}}''. An Clóchomhar Tta 1979. * McCabe, Richard A.. ''Spenser's Monstrous Regiment: Elizabethan Ireland and the Poetics of Difference''. [[Oxford University Press]] 2002. {{ISBN|0-19-818734-3}}. * [[Raymond Hickey|Hickey, Raymond]]. ''The Dialects of Irish: Study of a Changing Landscape''. [[Walter de Gruyter]], 2011. {{ISBN|3110238306}}. * [[Raymond Hickey|Hickey, Raymond]]. ''The Sound Structure of Modern Irish''. [[De Gruyter Mouton]] 2014. {{ISBN|978-3-11-022659-1}}. * De Brún, Pádraig. ''Scriptural Instruction in the Vernacular: The Irish Society and its Teachers 1818–1827''. [[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies]] 2009. {{ISBN|978-1-85500-212-8}} * [[Aidan Doyle|Doyle, Aidan]], ''A History of the Irish Language: From the Norman Invasion to Independence'', Oxford, 2015. * Fitzgerald, Garrett, 'Estimates for baronies of minimal level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts, 117–1781 to 1861–1871,' Volume 84, ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]'' 1984. * Garvin, Tom, ''Preventing the Future: Why was Ireland so poor for so long?'', [[Gill and MacMillan]], 2005. * Hindley, Reg (1991, new ed.). ''The Death of the Irish Language: A Qualified Obituary''. [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|978-0-4150-6481-1}} * McMahon, Timothy G.. ''Grand Opportunity: The Gaelic Revival and Irish Society, 1893–1910''. [[Syracuse University Press]] 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-8156-3158-3}} * Ó Gráda, Cormac. '{{lang|ga|Cé Fada le Fán}}' in ''Dublin Review of Books'', Issue 34, 6 May 2013: {{cite web|url=http://www.drb.ie/essays/c%C3%A9-fada-le-f%C3%A1n |title=CÉ FADA LE FÁN |website=Drb.ie |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011123934/http://www.drb.ie/essays/c%C3%A9-fada-le-f%C3%A1n |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live}} * Kelly, James & Mac Murchaidh, Ciarán (eds.). ''Irish and English: Essays on the Linguistic and Cultural Frontier 1600–1900''. [[Four Courts Press]] 2012. {{ISBN|978-1846823404}} * Ní Mhunghaile, Lesa. 'An Eighteenth Century Irish scribe's private library: Muiris Ó Gormáin's books' in ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]'', Volume 110C, 2010, pp.&nbsp;239–276. * Ní Mhuiríosa, Máirín. '{{lang|ga|Cumann na Scríbhneoirí: Memoir}}' in ''{{lang|ga|Scríobh 5}}'', ed. Seán Ó Mórdha. {{lang|ga|Baile Átha Cliath: An Clóchomhar Tta}} 1981. * Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Labhrann Laighnigh: Téacsanna agus Cainteanna ó Shean-Chúige Laighean''. Coiscéim 2011. * Ó Laoire, Muiris. ''Language Use and Language Attitudes in Ireland'' in ''Multilingualism in European Bilingual Contexts : Language Use and Attitudes'', ed. David Lasagabaster and Ángel Huguet. Multilingual Matters Ltd. 2007. {{ISBN|1-85359-929-8}} * Shibakov, Alexey. ''Irish Word Forms / Irische Wortformen''. epubli 2017. {{ISBN|9783745066500}} * Williams, Nicholas. 'Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais' in ''{{lang|ga|Stair na Gaeilge}}'', ed. Kim McCone and others. Maigh Nuad 1994. {{ISBN|0-901519-90-1}} {{refend|2}} == Mahadan Waje == {{Sister project links|auto=1|the Irish language|wikt=Category:Irish language|iw=ga}} {{Wikisourcelang|oldwikisource|Main Page/Gaeilge}} * [http://www.uni-due.de/DI/ Discover Irish] * "[https://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/features/8/english/ Learning Irish?]," ''[[BBC]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100628023038/http://www.digitalaudioproductions.com/radio-shows/ {{lang|ga|Giotaí and Top 40 Offigiúla na hÉireann}} programmes] * [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Irish_Swadesh_list Irish Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh-list appendix]) === Nahawu da Ambaton Kalmomi === * [http://learn101.org/irish.php Learn Irish] Grammar with audio and pronunciation * [http://www.angaelmagazine.com/pronunciation/introduction.htm {{lang|ga|An Gael}} Magazine]&nbsp;– Irish Gaelic Arts, Culture, And History Alive Worldwide Today * [http://www.abair.tcd.ie/?page=synthesis&lang=eng Trinity College Dublin The Irish Language Synthesiser] === kamus === * [http://teanglann.ie/ {{lang|ga|Teanglann.ie}} – Dictionaries and terminology resource] * [http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/search.html General Gaelic Dictionaries] {{navboxes| |title=Articles related to the Irish language |list= {{Irish linguistics|state=collapsed}} {{Gaels|state=collapsed}} {{Celtic languages|state=collapsed}} {{Celts|state=collapsed}} {{Languages of Ireland|state=collapsed}} {{Languages of the United Kingdom|state=collapsed}} {{British-Irish Council|state=collapsed}} {{Languages of Europe}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Ireland topics}} [[Category:Irish language| ]] [[Category:Languages attested from the 4th century]] [[Category:Fusional languages]] [[Category:Goidelic languages]] [[Category:Languages of Northern Ireland]] [[Category:Languages of Ireland]] [[Category:Verb–subject–object languages]] [[Category:Vertical vowel systems]] [[Category:Languages of the Republic of Ireland]] [[Category:Definitely endangered languages]] hqcmvczi7020qiyd0byqir94y68lg59 0 71455 551771 541334 2024-12-04T15:28:46Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|date=2020 census}} [[Fayil:Sungai Seri Melaka 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:SMK Seri Mahkota.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan in 1844.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (9).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (7).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (3).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (3).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (2).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (10).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (5).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan (3).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Sungai Seri Melaka 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan Police Station.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Political Map of the World (january 2015).pdf|thumb|Yaren Seri]] '''Seri''' ({{lang-sei|cmiique iitom|link=no}}) [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan 30012022 (8).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bandar Seri Begawan (19042022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Sungai Seri Melaka 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:New Palace Seri Menanti Malaya February 1964.jpg|thumb]] Rubutun farko na harshen Seri sun fito ne daga shekara ta alif 1692, amma yawan jama'a sun kasance a ware. masu zurfi a kan Yaren Seri sun fara ne a cikin shekarar 1951 ta Edward da Mary Beck Moser tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta bazara. [[Fayil:Sungai Seri Melaka 1.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Tadika Seri Intan.jpg|thumb]] Harshen yana da amfani a cikin al'ummarsa kuma ana amfani dashi kyauta a rayuwar yau da kullun. Ban haka sun hada da makarantar firamare da sakandare, wasu sassan ayyukan coci na gida, da sadarwa tare da masu magana da Mutanen Espanya a waje da al'ummar Seri. Yawancin membobin al'umma, gami da matasa, suna da ƙwarewa a yarensu, amma yawan masu magana kaɗan ne kuma ilimin al'adu yana raguwa tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin salon rayuwar mafarauta da tarawa na gargajiya a cikin shekarun 1930 ta hanyar ƙauyuka. Bugu da ƙari, yara da yawa ba sa zama masu iya magana da harshe, saboda dalilai da yawa (makarantu, intanet, ko abokai marasa mahimmanci); wasu yara suna da harshe ɗaya a cikin Mutanen Espanya. wadannan dalilai, [[UNESCO]] ta lissafa Seri a matsayin harshe mai rauni. [[Fayil:LOGO SMK SERI PERLING.png|thumb]] == Rarraba == Iyalin Serian iyali ne na harshe, tare da Seri a matsayin memba mai rai kawai; harsuna masu alaƙa sun ɓace a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata. <ref name=":1">For discussion of the Hokan question, see Campbell (1997), Marlett (2007) and Marlett (2011). For discussion of the relationship with Salinan, see Marlett (2008).</ref> yi ƙoƙari don haɗa shi da Iyalin Yuman, zuwa yaren Salinan na California, da kuma dangin Hokan da suka fi girma. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun fito ne daga lokacin da ake yin ƙoƙari don haɗa dukkan harsunan Amurka cikin iyalai. A game da Seri, duk da haka, an samar da ƙananan shaidu. Har sai an gabatar da irin wannan shaidar kuma an kimanta ta, ana ɗaukar yaren a matsayin mai ware. [[Fayil:Pangsapuri Seri Pinang Blok A, Taman Seri Pinang 20230628 143634.jpg|thumb]] == Sunan == Sunan "Seri" shine sunan waje ga wannan mutanen da aka yi amfani da shi tun lokacin da aka fara hulɗa da Mutanen Espanya (wani lokacin ana rubuta su daban, kamar "Ceres"). Gilg ya ba da rahoton a cikin 1692 cewa sunan Mutanen Espanya ne, amma tabbas shine sunan da wani rukuni na yankin ya yi amfani da shi don komawa ga Seris. Duk da haka, da'awar zamani cewa kalmar Yaqui ce da ke nufin wani abu kamar "mutane na yashi" <ref>Apparently this claim first appeared in 1981, in a small publication written by a nonacademic, published in Mexico. It has been commonly repeated since then.</ref> ko kalmar Opata da ke nufin "mutane da ke gudu da sauri" <ref>Peñafiel (1898:225) is the first known reference to a "probable" origin for the word "Seri" but this claim was creatively elaborated in McGee (1898:95, 124); McGee was making wild speculations as one untrained in such matters.</ref> ba su da tushe na gaskiya; ba a gabatar da wata hujja ga tsohon ba kuma ba a gabatar ba da wata huja mai inganci ga na ƙarshe. Sunan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin al'ummar Seri kanta, don yaren, shine ''Cmiique iitom'', wanda ya bambanta da ''Cocsar iitom'' ("harshe na Mutanen Espanya") da ''Maricaana iitom'' ("[[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]]"). Maganar kalma ce mai suna wanda a zahiri " (wannan) wanda mutum mai suna Seri yake magana da shi". Kalmar ''Cmiique'' (phonetically [ˈkwĩ̃ːkːɛ]) ita ce sunan guda ɗaya don "mutum mai mahimmanci". Kalmar ''Iitom'' ita ce ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun kalma caaitom ("magana"), tare da prefix ''i-'' (mutum na uku mai shi), da kuma prefix mara amfani don mai ba da suna tare da wannan aji na tushen. Wani irin wannan magana da mutum ke ji a wasu lokuta don yaren shine ''Cmiique iimx'', wanda shine irin wannan gini wanda ya dogara da kalmar aikatau {{Lang|sei|quimx}} ("faɗar") (tushen = ''amx''). Sunan da kwamitin Seri ya zaba don sunan yaren da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin taken ƙamus na baya-bayan nan shine {{Lang|sei|Comcaac quih Yaza}}, jam'i na ''Cmiique iitom'' . Ya dace da aikin irin wannan, kodayake ba kalma ce da aka saba amfani da ita ba. ''Comcaac'' (phonetically {{IPA|[koŋˈkɑːk]}}) shine nau'in jam'i na ''Cmiique'' kuma ''Yaza'' shine nau'i na jam'i wanda ya dace da ''Iitom''. ({{Lang|sei|ooza}} shine tushen jam'i, ''y-'' (tare da sautin sautin da ke tare) shine nominalizer; prefix don mai mallakar mutum na uku yana da alaƙa da y. Kalmar quih ita ce labarin guda ɗaya (wanda ya haɗu da sunan jam'i don komawa ga al'ummar Seri). [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2mwsmwlfz4dv639mf7m7sw1ocpdx0r5 0 71466 551994 542046 2024-12-05T04:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-74693-0001, Bernau, ausländische Gaststudenten.jpg|thumb|Boubacar Diallo (filmmaker)]] '''Boubacar Diallo,''' ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai ne dan asalin kasar [[Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso.]] Mahaifinsa likitan dabbobi ne, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana ƙaddamar da mujallar satirical mako-mako ''Journal du Jeudi'' da kuma buga [[Ƙagaggen Labari|litattafai]] biyu da tarin gajerun labarai. A cikin 2005, ya fara sabon aiki a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai, yana ɗaukar shirin fina-finai uku, ''Traque à Ouaga'', wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Sofia'', da kuma ''Dossier bûlant'' [[Denmark|na Danish]] coproduction, wasan kwaikwayo. Tare da taimakon kuɗi na Francophonie da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen [[Faransa]], ya samar da jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Série noire à Koulbi'', wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifi acikin shirin fim na mintuna 30 na 15, a cikin 2006. == Manazarta == * {{cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/062/article_34306.asp |accessdate=2007-10-01 |date=2005-02-23 |author=Elisabeth Lequeret |publisher=Radio France International |title=Boubacar Diallo, portrait d’un pionnier |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021095206/http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/062/article_34306.asp |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://french.cri.cn/1/2005/04/16/56@63421.htm |accessdate=2007-10-01 |date=2005-02-23 |author=Xinhua News Agency |publisher=Radio China International |title=Burkina : Boubacar Diallo tourne son 3è long métrage en moins d'un an |archive-date=2021-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129233612/http://french.cri.cn/1/2005/04/16/56@63421.htm |url-status=dead }} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.journaldujeudi.com/ Journal du Jeudi] {{authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 4v9av15q8bmfauqsn0gm5pd3sr7hm0w 0 71632 551993 382272 2024-12-05T04:10:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Boubacar Diallo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na [[Burkina Faso|Burkinabe]]. Ɗan likitan dabbobi, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana ƙaddamar da mujallar satirical mako-mako ''Journal du Jeudi'' da kuma yana buga [[Ƙagaggen Labari|litattafai]] biyu da tarin gajerun labarai.<ref>{cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/062/article_34306.asp |accessdate=2007-10-01 |date=2005-02-23 |author=Elisabeth Lequeret |publisher=Radio France International |title=Boubacar Diallo, portrait d’un pionnier |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021095206/http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/062/article_34306.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2005, ya fara sabon aiki a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai, ya shirya fina-finai uku, ''Traque à Ouaga'', wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Sofia'', da kuma ''Dossier bûlant'' [[Denmark|na Danish]] coproduction, wasan kwaikwayo. Tare da taimakon kuɗi na Francophonie da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen [[Faransa]], ya samar da jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Série noire à Koulbi'', wasan kwaikwayo na laifi a cikin mintuna 30 na 15, a cikin shekarar 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://french.cri.cn/1/2005/04/16/56@63421.htm |accessdate=2007-10-01 |date=2005-02-23 |author=Xinhua News Agency |publisher=Radio China International |title=Burkina : Boubacar Diallo tourne son 3è long métrage en moins d'un an |archive-date=2021-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129233612/http://french.cri.cn/1/2005/04/16/56@63421.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] t8rk8l3yogtjis1gq91q7gxfgiqmnek 0 72308 551901 478554 2024-12-04T20:16:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akin Omotoso''' (listeni) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya, marubuci, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An fi saninsa da jagorantar fim din 2022 Rise . [[Kole Omotoso]] da 'yar'uwarsa [[Yewande Omotoso]] su ma marubuta ne.<ref>{{cite web|first=Raghav |last=Mukerji|url=https://borrowingtape.com/interviews/qa-with-director-akin-omotoso |title=''Tell Me Sweet Something'' – Q&A with Director Akin Omotoso|website= Borrowing Tape|date=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Shanaaz |last=Prince|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/drum/20170223/283648234655089 |title=Akin Omotoso: From actor to filmmaker|website=PressReader|date= 23 February 2017}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Akin Omotoso on TMTv-SA.jpg|thumb|Akin Omotoso]] An haifi Omotoso a Najeriya, inda ya girma a Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] . Iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a 1992 bayan mahaifinsa, [[Kole Omotoso]], ya ɗauki alƙawari na ilimi tare da Jami'ar Western Cape . Akin Omotoso ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Cape Town inda ya sami difloma a fannin magana da wasan kwaikwayo. Mahaifiyarsa mutu a shekara ta 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |title=Akin Omotoso bio |last=Africa Film Festival |location=New York |access-date=2017-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172107/http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |archive-date=2017-04-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Omotoso ya shiga cikin nishaɗi yayin da yake jami'a. Farkon wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance a Sunjata ta Mark Fleishman . Wannan kuma ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Fleur du Cap don ɗaliban da suka fi alkawari a shekarar 1995. Ya yi amfani da kuɗin daga yin wasan kwaikwayon a cikin wasan don jagorantar gajeren fina-finai na farko, The Kiss of Milk, The Nightwalkers, da The Caretaker . A shekara ta 1999, ya rubuta fim dinsa na farko mai tsawo, mai taken Allah ne na Afirka . An fitar da fim din a shekara ta 2003. Ya fara kamfani na samarwa tare da Robbie Thorpe da Kgomotso Matsunyane da ake kira T.O.M pictures a shekara ta 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |work=Pulse |location=Nigeria |title=Filmmaker talks "Tell me Sweet Something," importance of musical score, what makes a film great |last=Chidumga |first=Izuzu |authorlink= |date=14 March 2016 |access-date=27 February 2024 |archive-date=23 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823095017/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omotoso ya ba da umarnin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Jacob's Cross a kan Africa Magic, M-Net da SABC tsakanin 2007 da 2013. A shekara ta 2010, ya fara aiki a kan Tell Me Sweet Something; yana magana game da rubutun tare da Pulse Nigeria, ya bayyana cewa Theodore Witchers' Love Jones (1997) shine tasirin fim din. Omotoso ya kuma lura cewa ya sami tallafi daga Asusun Ci gaban Mata na Afirka. Fim din ya ba shi lambar yabo ta darektan mafi kyau a 2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . A wata hira da Azania Mosaka, ya bayyana yanayin masana'antar fina-finai ta Afirka ta Kudu kamar yadda yake da yanayi mai kyau ga masu shirya fina-fakka. amince da kudade daga Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu da Gidauniyar Fim da Bidiyo ta Kasa (NFVF) wacce ke shirya masu ruwa da tsaki ga masana'antar. A cikin 2022, Omotoso ya ba da umarnin Giannis Antetokounmpo biopic Rise for Disney wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita gaba ɗaya. Sourav Chakraborty Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar samar da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk fadin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1994 |''Birnin Soul'' | | |- |1999 |''[[A Reasonable Man|Mutumin da ya dace]]'' |Mai ɗaukar hoto | |- |2000 |''Operation Delta Force 5: Wutar Ruwa'' |Mataimakin Consul Williams | |- |2003 |''Allah Ba'amurkiya ne'' |Tsohon DJ |Ba a san shi ba, darektan |- |2003 |''Tsararru'' |Soap Opera | |- |2004 |''Gums & Noses'' |Mutumin Farin Ciki | |- |2004 |''Wasikar soyayya ta Zulu'' |Waƙoƙin Sulemanu |Murya |- |2005 |''Ubangiji na Yaƙi'' |Janar Solomon | |- |2006 |''Diamond na jini'' |Mai Zaman Lafiya | |- |2006 |''Tattara 'yan uwan da suka warwatse'' | |Takaitaccen, darektan |- |2006 |''Wurin da ake kira Gida'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2007 |''Ka girgiza hannayensu da Iblis'' |Paul Kagame | |- |2007 |''Masu Bincike Uku da Asirin Tsibirin Skeleton'' |Gamba | |- |2007 |''Soul Buddyz'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2008 |''Yesu da Giant'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2009 |''[[Wole Soyinka]]: Yaron daji'' | |Darakta, shirin |- |2011 |''[[Man on Ground|Mutum a Kasa]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2013 |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2014 |''Hector da Neman Farin Ciki'' |Shugaban Afirka | |- |2015 |''Ka gaya mini wani abu mai dadi'' | |Daraktan |- |2016 |''Ɗa Mai Al'ajabi ga Shugaban kasa'' |Kalu Akinrinsa | |- |2016 |''Sarauniyar Katwe'' |Shugaban Rwabushenyi | |- |2016 |''Gaskiya ta Tsirara'' |Madiba | |- |2016 |''[[Vaya (fim)|Ya tafi]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2017 |''[[Catching Feelings (film)|Jin Jin dadi]]'' |Joel | |- |2019 |''Ruhun da Gidan Gaskiya'' | |Daraktan |- |2022 |''Tashi da Ɗauki'' |Bamidele |Daraktan |} == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2b0rfg0b2agd14jsyp1b3qw5do0aj5l 0 72578 551737 479452 2024-12-04T14:27:51Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Safeya El Eamri (cropped).jpg|thumb|Safiya El Emari]] [[Fayil:Safeya El Eamri (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jakadiya]] [[Fayil:Safeya El Eamri (cropped).jpg|thumb|Safiya El Emari]] '''Safia El Emari''' ( Egyptian Arabic العمريصفي), (an haifi Safia Mustafa Mohamed Omari, a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba, 1949, a cikin El-Mahalla El-Kubra <ref>[[imdbname:0015636|Safia El Emari]]</ref> ) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An naɗa ta a matsayin jakadiyar fatan alheri ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a shekarar 1997, ta yi murabus a shekara ta 2006 don nuna adawa da yake-yake a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ta fara aikin [[Ɗan jarida|jarida]] ne, bayan ta kammala karatunta a Faculty of Commerce, Jami'ar Alkahira. Ta yi karatun [[Rashanci|harshen Rashanci]] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara a taron duniya. Ta shiga cikin [[Sinima a Misra|fina-finan Masar]] da dama da shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rim |date=2020-02-18 |title=صفية العمري عاتبة على الفنانين الشباب وتطمح للتعاون معهم |url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/صفية-العمري-عاتبة-على-الفنانين-الشباب/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=القدس العربي |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-11 |title=صفية العمرى تتقدم ببلاغ لمباحث الإنترنت ضد منتحل شخصيتها على فيس بوك |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/1/11/صفية-العمرى-تتقدم-ببلاغ-لمباحث-الإنترنت-ضد-منتحل-شخصيتها-على/6045157 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=اليوم السابع |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-05 |title=صفية العمري للعربية.نت: لم أعتزل ولن أقبل أدوارا لا تليق بي وبتاريخي |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/culture-and-art/2021/09/05/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=العربية |language=ar}}</ref> Mawaƙi Galal Issa ne ya gano ta. Sun yi aure sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu. == Filmography == * ''Opera Ayda'' (TV series) *''[[Destiny (1997 film)|Al-massir]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vita : istruzioni per l'uso|last=Ahmed.|first=Nàgi|others=Al Zorqani, Ayman., Antoniazzi Rossi, Elisabetta., Fischione, Fernanda., Benini, Barbara., Noury, Riccardo.|isbn=9788887847611|location=Fagnano Alto|pages=263|oclc=985963165|date = 2016-10-06}}</ref>'' *[[The Emigrant (1994 film)|''El Mohager'']] * [[War in the Land of Egypt|''El Mowaten Masry'']] * ''Ana elli katalt Elhanash'' *[[Ghosts of Sayala|''Ghosts of Sayala'']] (TV series) * ''Love Also Dies'' *''A'la bab El wazir'' * ''Hekaya wara kol bab'' (TV movie) * ''El-azab emra'a'' * ''La waqt lil-demoue''' * ''Hawanem garden city'' (TV series) * ''Layali El Helmeya'' (TV series) * ''El beh el bawab'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] cs9sdq5mo9xwa6v3yoey8pyoskwszqv 0 72942 551823 388037 2024-12-04T17:56:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abdellah Mesbahi''' (an haife shi a 1936 a El Jadida, ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2016) ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai na Maroko. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Mesbahi Abdellah|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7215|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Abdellah Mesbahi|url=http://africine.org/personne/abdellah-mesbahi/7215|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=QUE FAIRE DE YASSINE ?|url=https://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/archives/que-faire-de-yassine-|access-date=2021-11-17|website=www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma|language=fr|archive-date=2021-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117221356/https://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/archives/que-faire-de-yassine-|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Mesbahi ta yi karatun fina-finai a École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC) a birnin Paris kuma kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da horo a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa. ya dawo Maroko, ya rike mukamai na gudanarwa a Ma'aikatar Bayanai da Cibiyar Fim ta Maroko (CCM). <ref>{{Cite web|last=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Hommage à Abdellah Mesbahi et Abderrahim Tounsi|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/hommage-a-abdellah-mesbahi-et-abderrahim-tounsi/259569.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Feu Abdellah Mesbahi, doyen des réalisateurs marocains et auteur d'œuvres prodigieuses|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/32-ans-apres-afghanistan-pourquoi-verra-le-jour-119502|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524132941/https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/32-ans-apres-afghanistan-pourquoi-verra-le-jour-119502 |archive-date=2021-05-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Une grande perte pour le septième art national et arabe|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/une-grande-perte-pour-le--septieme-art-national-et-arabe/254562.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3E_tmPLCUAC&dq=Mesbahi&pg=PA29|title=Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film|date=2005|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21744-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Orlando|first1=Valerie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0sSjYrq1V8C&dq=Abdellah+Mesbahi&pg=PA28|title=Screening Morocco: Contemporary Depictions in Film of a Changing Society|last2=Orlando|first2=Valérie K.|date=2011-05-24|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-281-0|language=en}}</ref> cikin aikinsa, Mesbahi ya ba da umarnin fina-finai 21, da yawa daga cikinsu suna haskakawa kan dalilai da yawa na ƙasa, Larabawa da Islama, musamman rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa. Fim dinsa game da mamayar Rasha a Afghanistan, Afghanistan Me ya sa? tantance shi a shekarar 1984. 'Yarsa [[Imane Mesbahi|Imane]] ita ma mai shirya fina-finai ce. == Fim ɗin ɓangare == * 1968: ''Cin nasara don Rayuwa (Intissar El Hayat) '' * 1973: ''Shiru, ma'anar da aka haramta'' (Sukut al-ittiah al-mamnu) ''Sukut -ittiah al-mamnu) * 1975: ''Gobe Duniya ba za ta canza ba'' (Gobe duniya ba za ta canja ba) [2] [3]''Gobe duniya ba za ta canza ba) * 1976: ''Green Light (Al-daw' al-akhdar) * 1979: Ina kake ɓoye Rana? 'kake ɓoye Rana? * 1983: ''[[Afghanistan Why?|Afghanistan Me ya sa?]]'' * 1989: The Land of Challenge / Ardhu-l gwardy (wanda aka fi sani da shi a ƙarƙashin taken asali na 1980 Zan Rubuta Sunanku a cikin Yashi) [2] [3]<small> (wanda aka fi sani da taken asali na 1980 ''Zan rubuta sunanka a cikin yashi'') <ref name=":1" /> <r * : ''Al Qods Bab Al Maghariba'' [1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3xzp53vxf0sd5tiqzoq0g3siejw3ygo 0 74297 551811 508979 2024-12-04T17:01:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:After the Future 2017 Movie Poster.jpg|thumb|hoton shirin dabya sami martabawa]] [[Fayil:The Journal v. 29, no. 42, October 19, 2017 (IA Journal171019).pdf|thumb|Hoton journal ain]] Ba da '''Kyautar fina-finai na Golden 2017''' bikin karramawa ne na shekara-shekara na Afirka wanda ke nufin karrama ɗaiɗaikun mutane saboda kwazon da suka nuna a fina-finan da suka fito a matsayin jarumai a shekarar da ake bitarsu. An gudanar da bikin ne a otal ɗin Movenpick Ambassador da ke birnin Accra. [[Fayil:The Journal v. 30, no. 16, May 17, 2018 (IA Journal180517).pdf|thumb]] Kashi na uku na shekara-shekara ya samu bakunci ne daga bakin ɗan wasan barkwanci na Najeriya [[Ayo Makun|AY]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Osas Ajibade]], Red Carpet ya karɓi bakuncin [[Vica Michaels]] da Uti waɗanda dukkansu 'yan Najeriya ne.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/golden-movie-awards-africa-2017-see-the-full-list-of-winners-id7034888.html|title=Golden Movie Awards Africa 2017: See the full list of winners|last=Arthur|first=Portia|access-date=2018-11-16|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131414/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/golden-movie-awards-africa-2017-see-the-full-list-of-winners-id7034888.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Jerin sunayen waɗanda suka yi nasara == * Golden Honorary Award – Madam [[Grace Omaboe]] (Maame Dokono) * Golden Actor (Comedy) – Lirotha McDonald (Samba) * Golden Actress (Comedy) – Ade Kelly (Samba) * Golden Supporting Actor (Comedy) – [[Dan Davies]] (A Trip To Jamaica) * Golden Supporting Actress (Comedy) – [[Roselyn Ngissah]] (Amakye & Dede) * Golden Actor (Drama) – O.C. Ukeje (Catch. ER) * Golden Actress (Drama) – [[Kalsoume Sinare]] (Sala) * Golden Supporting Actor (Drama) – Wale Ojo (Ayama) * Golden Supporting Actress (Drama) – Emman Sinare (Sala) * Golden Actor (Series) – Lirotha McDonald (Samba) * Golden Actress (Series) – Ade Kelly (Samba)- * Golden Most Promising Actor/Actress – Hauwa Alhahbura (3 Is A Crowd) * Golden Discovery Actor/Actress – Emman Sinare (Sala) * Golden Movie (Comedy) – [[A Trip to Jamaica]] * Golden Movie – Lotanna * Golden TV Series – Samba * Golden Short Film – Bitter Sweet Wine * Golden Indigenous – Daggers of Life * Golden Story (Drama) – Sala * Golden Sound – Lotanna * Golden Writer (Comedy) – [[Ayo Makun]] (A Trip To Jamaica) * Golden Writer (Drama) – Kobi Rana (Sala) * Golden Art Director – [[Toka McBaror]] (Lotanna) * Golden Director – Toka McBaror (Lotanna) * Golden Editor – Laurenne Abdullah & Peter Sedufia ([[Keteke]]) * Golden Cinematography – Toka McBaror (Lotanna) * Golden Costumier – Lotanna * Golden Make-up Artist – Sandra & Hakim (Slow Country)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201707/321677.php|title=2017 Golden Movie Awards Africa: Full List of Winners|last=Online|first=Peace FM|website=www.peacefmonline.com|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yfmghana.com/2017/07/23/golden-movie-awards-2017-full-list-of-winners/|title=Golden Movie Awards 2017: Full list of winners|last=Abdullai|first=Isshak|website=YFM Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-02-01}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == kiktj0qish9c9zc5wyiecxw7kc58pxz 0 74394 551743 502433 2024-12-04T14:34:17Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:G-baruch-lopes-de-leao-laguna71.jpg|thumb|Mahai fiyanshi Leão Lopes]] [[Fayil:Monumento a Jorge Barbosa - Parque dos Poetas - Oeiras - Portugal (44670073394).jpg|thumb|Leão Lopes]] '''Leão Lopes''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948 a Ribeira Grande, Santo Antão, Cape Verde) darekta ne na Cape Verde, marubuci, mai fasahar filastik kuma farfesa. A matsayinsa na mai yin fim, ya yi fasalin farko na almara na Cape Verdean, ''[[The Island of Contenda]]'' (1996), bisa wani labari na Henrique Teixeira de Sousa. Shi ne kuma marubucin rubuce-rubuce daban-daban ciki har da ''Bitú'' (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtc.cv/index.php?paginas=13&id_cod=303|title=Documentário "Bitú" de Leão Lopes estreia oficialmente amanha, no Mindelo|publisher=RTC|date=7 January 2010|language=pt}}</ref> wanda ya kasance game da ɗan wasan Mindelo ɗan wasan da aka yi fim a 2006, da ''São Tomé-Os Últimos Contratados'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtc.cv/index.php?id_cod=348&paginas=13|title=''São Tomé – Os últimos contratados'' é o título do documentário de Leão Lopes a estrear brevemente|trans-title=''São Tomé: The Last Contracts'', title of a documentary by Leão Lopes|publisher=RTC|date=11 January 2010|language=pt}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1979, ya kafa AtelierMar a Mindelo, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, mai sadaukar da kai don samar da damar al'adu da ci gaban gida wanda har yanzu yake shugabanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.platongs.org.cv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1272:atelier-mar-completa-seu-34o-aniversario&catid=37:actualidade&Itemid=67|title=Plataforma das ONG - AtelierMar completa o seu 34º aniversário|trans-title=Non-governmental Platform: AtelierMar Completed its 34th Year|language=pt|access-date=2016-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531175051/http://www.platongs.org.cv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1272:atelier-mar-completa-seu-34o-aniversario&catid=37:actualidade&Itemid=67|archive-date=2014-05-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressodasilhas.sapo.cv/cultura/item/34083-atelier-mar-alternativa-reabre-no-mindelo|title=AtelierMar - Alternativa reabre no Mindelo|newspaper=Expresso das Ilhas|date=16 January 2013|language=pt|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121003418/http://www.expressodasilhas.sapo.cv/cultura/item/34083-atelier-mar-alternativa-reabre-no-mindelo|archivedate=21 January 2015}}</ref> Ya kasance ministan al'adu da sadarwa a lokacin majalisar Carlos Veiga tsakanin shekarun 1991 zuwa 2000, a halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin memba a majalisar dokokin Cape Verdean kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin jam'iyyar MpD. Ya kafa Cibiyar Fasaha, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jami'ar (M_EIA) a Mindelo kuma a halin yanzu Dean ne kuma farfesa. == Aikin ilimi == Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a Cape Verde, Leão Lopes ya nufi Lisbon kuma ya kammala karatunsa a fannin zane-zane a makarantar sakandare ta Fine Arts ta Lisbon (Escola Superior de Belas-Artes de Lisboa). A Faransa, ya kasance digiri na uku a Jami'ar Rennes II tare da kasida game da marubucin Cape Verdean Baltasar Lopes. A halin yanzu shi ne rector a M_EIA tare da koyarwa a fannoni daban-daban, har ma da kammala karatunsa a fannin fim da na gani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paulo Betti e outras celebridades brasileiras leccionam no M_EIA cinema e audiovisual|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article62761|trans-title=Paulo Betti and Other Brazilian Celebrities Lectures at M_EIA Film and Audiovisual|newspaper=A Semana|date=6 April 2011|access-date=23 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531163247/http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article62761|archive-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zane-zane na gani == Sana'ar gani nasa nuni ne na abubuwan Cape Verdean, musamman a tsibirinsa na haihuwa. Har ma Leão Lopes ya ki amincewa da laƙabin wurare daban-daban na sashin. A cikin wata hira da mai bita NosGenti: ''Kada a taɓa sanya tufafin marubucin mai zanen filastik.'' ''Ina fuskantar fasaha, ba a matsayin jam'i ba, amma kawai kuma na musamman.'' ''Tallafi waɗanda galibi suna ba da damar bayyanawa, ba tare da la’akari da yanki ba, su ne waɗanda suka zaɓa a lokacin.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nosgenti.com/?p=926|title= Leão Lopes – Criatividade, interiorização pessoal e firmes ideais|publisher=NosGenti|date=2013}}</ref> == Filmography == === Fina-finai === *''[[The Island of Contenda]]'' (1995) === Takardun bayanai === *''O Últimos Contratados'' (''The Last Contracts'') (2009) *''Bitú'' (2010) == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Unine'', 1998, short storiey * ''O contexto jurídico dos media em Cabo Verde'' (''Judicial Context of Cape Verdean Media''), 1998, essay * ''Baltasar Lopes: 1907-1989'', 2002, doctoral dissertation * ''Capitão Farel: A Fabulosa História do Capitão Farewell, o Pirata de Monte Joana'' (''Captain Farel: The Fabulous History of Captain Farewell, the Pirate of Mount Joanne''), 2009, children's story * ''Baltasar Lopes: um homem arquipélago na linha de todas as batalhas'' (''Baltasar Lopes; A Man of the Archipelago in the Line of All Battles''), 2011, essay === Haɗin kai === * ''Santo Antão: alguns olhares'', 1984 * ''A partilha do indivisível: imagens dos objectivos do Milénio'', 2006 * ''Ejercicios poéticos: Exercícios poéticos'' (''Poetic Exercises''), 2010 * A História de Blimundo, ''Dima, o passarinho que criou o mundo: mitos, contos e lendas dos países de língua portuguesa'', 2013, short story == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] kmftx9pjhmffsp9nirg95ix9wgzd2z8 0 74584 551716 508863 2024-12-04T14:04:38Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Penelope Anne Coelen, Miss South Africa.jpg|thumb|penelope Anne ]] [[Fayil:Miss World 1958 Map.PNG|thumb|Kashashen da suka lashe kyautar miss world]] [[Fayil:Penelope Anne Coelen, Miss South Africa.jpg|thumb|Penelope Coelen]] '''Penelope Anne Coelen''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu 1940) tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, abin koyi kuma sarauniyar kyakkyawa wacce kyau a wace taci gasar mafi kyau a shekarat 1958. Ita ce babbar mace ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta fito daga yankin [[Afirka]]. == Rayuwar farko == Penelope Anne Coelen ta fito daga [[Durban]], kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Durban.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1958-10-14|title=Honey Blonde South African Wins '58 'Miss World' Title|pages=25|work=The News Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50424956/honey-blonde-south-african-wins-58/|access-date=2020-05-07|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Durban Timeline 1497-1990|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/durban-timeline-1497-1990|website=South African History Online|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> == Sana'a == A gasar Miss World a shekara ta 1958, jimillar ’yan takara 22 daga [[Turai]], da [[Amurka]] da [[Asiya]] da [[Afirka]] sun fafata a wasan karshe. Turawa ne suka mamaye wasan kusa da na karshe, amma Penelope Anne Coelen, wata sakatariya ‘yar shekara 18, wacce ta buga piano a gasar hazikanci, ta samu kambu.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1958-10-14|title=Tops Among World Cuties|pages=331|work=Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50424795/tops-among-world-cuties/|access-date=2020-05-07|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Ta sami karɓuwa sosai a duniya lokacin mulkinta kuma ta sami tayin ƙira da yawa. Ita ma 'yar Afirka ta Kudu mai zanen rigunanta, Bertha Pfister, ita ma ta sami ƙarin kulawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PROFILE: Bertha Pfister – Designer for SA's first Miss World|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/ZA/Hermanus-Times/Nuus/PROFILE-Bertha-Pfister-Designer-for-SAs-first-Miss-World-20150430|last=Vanrensburg|first=Deur Kerry|date=2015-04-29|website=Netwerk24|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> Bayan mulkinta a matsayin jaruma ta duniya 1958, ta gwada sa'arta a Hollywood tare da taimakon James Garner, amma ta kasa gwajin allo. Daga baya ta sarrafa nata suturar ta kuma ta amince da kayan kwalliya, musamman [[turare]]. Ta fito a matsayin ƴar takara a wasan talabijin ''To Tell the Truth'' a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar 1958.<ref>{{Citation|title=To Tell the Truth|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0048907/|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> Ta yi bikin a shekarar 2014 Miss World nasarar da ta samu na Afirka ta Kudu Rolene Strauss, kuma ta bayyana a gaban jama'a tare da ƙaramar mace.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rugby vs Miss World|url=http://www.oudtshoorncourant.com/News/Article/National/rugby-vs-miss-world-20170711|website=Oudtshoorn Courant|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Miss World '58 has some advice for Rolene|url=https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/miss-world-58-has-some-advice-for-rolene-1796133|last=Mposo|first=Nantando|date=16 December 2014|website=IOL|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero's welcome for South Africa's first Miss World in 40 years|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/hero-s-welcome-for-south-africa-s-first-miss-world-in-40-years/story-2GbgxDHlN6mdvarDHNbJlJ.html|date=2014-12-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Coelen ta koma Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ta auri hamshakin mai noman rake Michel "Micky" Rey daga lardin Natal. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyar. Ta gudanar da gidan baƙi, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kyakkyawa, kuma ta ba da laccoci. Ɗanta Nicholas Rey ta mutu a shekara ta 2016, shekaru goma sha biyu bayan ya sami mummunan rauni a wani hatsarin polo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ballito's own Miss World|url=https://northcoastcourier.co.za/42381/ballitos-own-miss-world/|date=2015-08-19|website=North Coast Courier|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeling in the sun and waves|url=https://northcoastcourier.co.za/12749/wheeling-sun-waves/|date=2014-01-23|website=North Coast Courier|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> Nicholas Rey Foundation Trust, wanda aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2007, yana cikin ma'ajiyarsa. Mijinta Micky Rey ya rasu a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Margate Moves: Time to clean and burn|url=https://southcoastherald.co.za/358823/time-to-clean-and-burn/|date=2019-05-31|website=South Coast Herald|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ar4eryvg7la886busbh77yo4irweang 0 75292 551740 420944 2024-12-04T14:31:17Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:LylePetersOrubaClub.jpg|thumb|Lyle Peters]] '''Lyle Peters''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Lala's''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 1991) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke buga wasa a Al-Oruba SC a Oman Professional League .<ref>{{cite web | url= https://int.soccerway.com/players/lyle-peters/250703/ | title= Lyle Peters | publisher= SOCCERWAY}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Sana'ar matasa === An haife shi kuma ya girma a [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, Lyle ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yana ɗan shekara 5 tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Strandfontein na tushen [[Strandfontein AFC]] a cikin shekara ta 1996. A cikin shekara ta 2003, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da Kuils River -based, [[Western Province United F.C.|FC Fortune]] . A cikin 2004, ya koma Strandfontein da tsohon kulob dinsa, Strandfontein AFC. A cikin 2006, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar dogon lokaci tare da tushen [[Johannesburg]], Bidvest Wits FC.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://m24arg02.naspers.com/argief/berigte/dieburger/2009/04/14/PQ/16/bgboebie.html | title= Going in boots and all | publisher= m24arg02.naspers.com }}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Afirka ta Kudu === Lyle ya fara aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a 2009 tare da Parow -based, [[Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Firimiya|Premier Soccer League]] club, Ajax Cape Town FC .<ref>{{cite web | url= http://m24arg02.naspers.com/argief/berigte/dieburger/2010/01/31/KS/33/sokker.html | title= GEWILDE LYLE Urban Warriors headhunt dodelike doelskieter van Wits | publisher= m24arg02.naspers.com }}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2011, ya koma Ladsdowne inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da kulob din SAFA na biyu, Santos FC A cikin 2012., ya koma Phuthaditjhaba inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragi na gajeren lokaci da kulob din National First Division, African Warriors FC Daga baya a shekara ta 2012, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar watanni shida da wani kulob na SAFA Second Division, [[Port Elizabeth]], Bay Stars FC. A cikin 2013, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda tare da kulob din SAFA na biyu, Ikapa Sporting FC A cikin 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da [[ASD Cape Town]] . === Oman === [[File:PetersAgainstShabab.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Lyle Peters ya zura kwallo a ragar kungiyar Al-Shabab]] Al-Oruba SC<gallery> File:LylePetersOruba.jpg| Al-Oruba SC File:PetersLyleTrainingOruba.jpg|alt=Training|Horowa File:PetersLyleOrubaClub.jpg|alt=Against Al-Nasr S.C.S.C.|AkanAl-Nasr SCSC </gallery>Ya fara ficewa daga Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2015 zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma mafi daidai ga Oman inda a kan 3 Satumba 2015, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da Sur -based, Oman Professional League club,<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 | title= العروبة يعزز صفوفه بالمحترف ليو | publisher= azamn.com | access-date= 4 September 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181219/http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 | archive-date= 23 September 2015 | url-status= dead | archivedate= 23 September 2015 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181219/http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 }}</ref> Al-Oruba SC . Ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2015 a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Muscat Club a gasar cin kofin Oman Professional League Cup na 2015–16 .<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 | title= العروبة يعزز صفوفه بالمحترف ليو | publisher= azamn.com | access-date= 4 September 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181219/http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 | archive-date= 23 September 2015 | url-status= dead | archivedate= 23 September 2015 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181219/http://www.azamn.com/?p=271533 }}</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar Oman Professional League a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2015 a ci 3–1 a kan sabuwar kungiyar da ta ci gaba, Salalah SC sannan kuma ya taimaka kwallo ta uku kuma ta karshe a wasan wanda tsohon dan kasar Omani, Mohammed Taqi Al-Lawati ci. kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2015 a wasan da suka doke Al-Nahda Club da ci 2-0. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2015 a wasan da suka doke Muscat Club da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin Oman Professional League Cup na 2015–16. Ya buga gasar cin kofin Sultan Qaboos na farko kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 30 ga Disamba 2015 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2–1 a kan abokan hamayya, Sur SC . Ya kuma buga gasar cin kofin AFC na farko a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2016 a ci 2–1 a kan Al-Wahda SC na Syria .<ref>{{cite web | url= https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/02/24/asia/afc-cup/al-oruba/al-wahda/2175327/ | title= AL ORUBA VS. AL WAHDA 1 – 0 | publisher= SOCCERWAY}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10017&stageid=393&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary | title= AL ORUBA (OMA) 1–0 AL WAHDA (SYR) | publisher= the-afc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.the-afc.com/afc-cup-2016/afc-cup-md1-group-c-al-orouba-2-1-al-wahda | title= AFC CUP MD1 – GROUP C: AL OROUBA 2–1 AL WAHDA | publisher= the-afc.com}}</ref> === Kididdigar sana'ar kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! rowspan="2" | Rarraba ! colspan="2" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Continental ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="2" | Al-Oruba | 2015-16 | rowspan="1" | Oman Professional League | 25 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 9 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 25 ! 6 ! 6 ! 2 ! 5 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 36 ! 9 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 25 ! 6 ! 6 ! 2 ! 5 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 36 ! 9 |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] ffsf7fc2y72tna7htnlny380fgd9xs0 0 75829 552007 410382 2024-12-05T05:49:50Z Smshika 14840 552007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rita Atik,'''(an haife ta a 22 ga Oktoba 1997 a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rita Atik |url=https://www.fedcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800345782 |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=fedcup.com |publisher=[[Fed Cup]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[Tennis]] ce ta Maroko. A shekara ta 2013, ita ce babbar 'yar wasan Morocco (zagaye na 16) ga' yan mata a Mediterranée Avenir.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=58820 |title=Talented Serbian Milojevic wins "Mediterranee Avenir" in Casablanca: |publisher=Middle East Online |date=2013-05-18 |accessdate=2016-07-21 |archive-date=2016-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820082600/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=58820 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi gasa sau da yawa a cikin babban zane na Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-22 |title=Tennis: la Marocaine Rita Atik tombe d'entrée à Marrakech &#124; H24info |url=http://www.h24info.ma/sport/football/maroc/tennis-la-marocaine-rita-atik-tombe-dentree-marrakech/22318 |access-date=2016-07-21 |publisher=H24info.ma |language=fr |archive-date=2016-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916041826/http://www.h24info.ma/sport/football/maroc/tennis-la-marocaine-rita-atik-tombe-dentree-marrakech/22318 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportal |date=2015-04-27 |title=Tennis &#124; Grand Prix de SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem: Anna Karolína Schmiedlova avoids upset |url=http://www.sportal.co.nz/tennis/news/in-form-schmiedlova-avoids-marrakech-upset/1svnt8y1fyexs1c8dboxdn4brx |access-date=2016-07-21 |publisher=Sportal |archive-date=2016-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818205816/http://www.sportal.co.nz/tennis/news/in-form-schmiedlova-avoids-marrakech-upset/1svnt8y1fyexs1c8dboxdn4brx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF Junior == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" width="15%" |Sashe na G1 |- bgcolor="#ADDFAD" |Sashe na G2 |- bgcolor="lightblue" |Sashe na G3 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" |Sashe na G4 |- |Sashe na G5 |} === Ɗaiɗaiku (5-1) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%" !Fitowa !Lamba !Kwanan wata !Gasa !Surface !Abokin hamayya !Nasara |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Runner-up |1. |25 February 2012 |[[Tlemcen]], Algeria |Clay |{{Flagicon|POL}} Katarzyna Pyka |1–6, 3–6 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Winner |2. |6 July 2012 |[[Kairo|Cairo]], Egypt |Clay |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[Lesedi Sheya Jacobs]] |6–3, 3–6, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Winner |3. |23 June 2013 |Carthage, Tunisia |Clay |{{Flagicon|EGY}} Dina Hegab |6–0, 2–6, 6–3 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Winner |4. |5 October 2013 |[[Rabat]], Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|EGY}} Anna Ureke |2–6, 6–2, 6–1 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Winner |5. |25 October 2014 |Rabat, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|ROU}} Selma Ștefania Cadar |6–1, 7–5 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Winner |6. |1 November 2014 |Mohammedia, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[Lesedi Sheya Jacobs]] |6–2, 6–1 |} === Bibbiyu === === (3-4) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%;" !Fitowa !Lamba !Kwanan wata !Gasa !Surface !Ɗan'uwa !Abokin hamayya !Nasars |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Nasara |1. |3 March 2012 |[[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Lina Qostal]] |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Fatyha Berjane <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|MAR}} Intissar Rassif |6–1, 6–1 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Nasara |2. |6 July 2012 |[[Kairo|Cairo]], Misra |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Zaineb El Houari |{{Flagicon|CYP}} [[Mara Argyriou]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|BLR}} Alina Zubkova |6–2, 5–7 [10–5] |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Ta biyu |3. |6 October 2012 |[[Rabat]], Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Fatyha Berjane |{{Flagicon|EGY}} Hana Mortagy <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Lina Qostal]] |6–3, 5–7 [10–12] |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Ta biyu |4. |9 March 2013 |Casablanca, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Zaineb El Houari |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Natsumi Okamoto <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|POL}} Katarzyna Pyka |5–7, 7–6⁽⁹⁾ [8–10] |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Ta biyu |5. |5 October 2013 |Rabat, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Zaineb El Houari |{{Flagicon|RSA}} Theresa Alison van Zyl <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|SVK}} Sandra Jamrichová |1–6, 4–6 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Ta biyu |6. |9 March 2013 |Casablanca, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|MAR}} Lina Qostal |{{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Sandra Samir]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Mayar Sherif]] |0–6, 2–6 |- bgcolor="#ffecb2" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Nasara |7. |1 November 2014 |Mohammedia, Morocco |Clay |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[Lesedi Sheya Jacobs]] |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Jule Niemeier]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|GER}} Linda Puppendahl |6–4, 6–2 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] 60t9n7x76c30pxu3lvr5ucrc6d01jof 0 76821 551708 481327 2024-12-04T13:56:35Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sara Ramadhani Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|Sara Ramadhani]] '''Sara Ramadhani Makera''' (An Haife ta 30 Disamba 1987) ƴar tsere ce mai nisa ta Tanzaniya wacce ta ƙware a tseren gudun fanfalaki . Ta fafata ne a gasar gudun fanfalaki ta mata a gasar Olympics ta lokacin zafi ta 2016 inda ta ƙare a matsayi na 121 da 3:00:03. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Sara Ramadhani |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/sara-ramadhani |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806065251/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/sara-ramadhani |archive-date=6 August 2016 |access-date=15 August 2016 |website=Rio 2016}}</ref> [[Fayil:Sara Ramadhani Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|Sara Ramadhani]] A shekarar 2019, ta wakilci Tanzaniya a gasar wasannin Afirka na 2019 da aka gudanar a birnin [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. <ref name="athletics_women_half_marathon">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games – Athletics – Women's Half Marathon – Final |url=https://www.jar2019.ma/resultats/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-half-marathon-1-01.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001143458/https://www.jar2019.ma/resultats/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-half-marathon-1-01.htm |archive-date=1 October 2019 |access-date=1 October 2019 |website=2019 African Games}}</ref> Ta shiga gasar rabin marathon na mata kuma ba ta gama tseren ba. <ref name="athletics_women_half_marathon" /> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] ajy1mpu7dzr9knndbbbhx55rv2l4irt 0 76934 551851 466262 2024-12-04T19:26:46Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 551851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zachariah Ditetso,''' (An haife shi 8 ga Agusta, 1964) ɗan tseren nesa ne na Botswana . Ya yi takara a tseren mita 5000 na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992 . <ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/di/zachariah-ditetso-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418053533/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/di/zachariah-ditetso-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Zachariah Ditetso Olympic Results|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> == Magana == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] mim0ujjmx92ups7u897g629qetif1s1 0 77421 551849 494396 2024-12-04T19:24:34Z Maryamarh 29382 551849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Trine - Thief Forest Run.jpg|thumb|trine]] [[Fayil:Trine 2 - Belly of the Beast.jpg|thumb|trine 2]] Trine 2, wasa ne mai rikitarwa wanda Frozenbyte ya haɓaka kuma ya buga. Shi ne ci gaba ga Trine kuma an sake shi a kan Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, kuma daga baya don Linux a watan Maris na shekara ta 2012. Trine 2 yana bawa 'yan wasa uku damar taTrine 2 gani na mai sihiri, ɓarawo, da jarumi a cikin yanayin hadin gwiwa a lokaci guda. An saki fitowar Darakta ta hanyar eShop na Wii U a ranar ƙaddamar da na'urar a duk yankuna sai dai Australia da Japan. An kuma saki wasan a matsayin taken ƙaddamarwa don PlayStation 4 a Arewacin Amurka da Turai a cikin 2013. A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a saki tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa Nintendo Switch a ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 2019 == Wasanni == ''Trine 2'' wasa ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ke buƙatar mai kunnawa ya yi amfani da ƙwarewar haruffa uku, Amadeus mai sihiri, Zoya ɓarawo, da Pontius jarumi, don kewaya kowane matakin wasa. Kamar yadda yake tare da wasan farko, "Trine" mai ban mamaki ya ɗaure haruffa uku tare a cikin wani abu ɗaya, kuma ta haka ne mai kunnawa ke sarrafa hali ɗaya kawai wanda za'a iya sauyawa zuwa sauran biyu a kowane lokaci. Kowane ɗayan haruffa yana da ƙwarewa ta musamman: Amadeus na iya amfani da sihiri don kama wasu abubuwa a cikin duniyar wasan, kuma ƙirƙirar akwatuna da alluna da za a yi amfani da su don zagayawa; Zoya na iya kaiwa ga abubuwa da kibiyoyinta, kuma ya yi kama da wasu wurare; kuma Pontius yana da ƙarfi a yaƙi da abokan gaba, zai iya buga bangon, kuma ya karkatar da makamai tare da garkuwarsa. Haɗin waɗannan abubuwa ya zama dole don kammala kowane mataki a duniyar wasan. Haruffa suna da mita na rayuwa, kuma idan mita ɗaya ya ƙare, ba za a iya amfani da wannan halayen ba har sai an kai ga wurin dubawa na gaba. Idan dukkan haruffa uku sun rasa mita na rayuwarsu, mai kunnawa dole ne ya fara baya a wurin dubawa na ƙarshe. A duk faɗin duniyar wasan akwai kwalabe na sihiri na musamman, kuma ga kowane hamsin daga cikin waɗannan da aka tattara, mai kunnawa yana karɓar ƙwarewa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samun ƙwarewa ta hanyar itacen ƙwarewa ga kowane hali. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan ƙwarewar gaba ɗaya ga kowane ɗayan haruffa uku, kuma ana iya siyar da su tsakanin su. ''Trine 2'' kuma tana tallafawa 'yan wasa uku a cikin yanayin hadin gwiwa. A cikin wannan yanayin, kowane mai kunnawa yana sarrafa ɗaya daga cikin haruffa uku, amma duk dole ne su kasance na musamman; za a tilasta wa 'yan wasa uku su yi wasa a matsayin Amadeus, Zoya, da Pontius. 'Yan wasa biyu na iya canza haruffa muddin dukansu sun yarda da musayar. Idan wani hali ya mutu, sauran 'yan wasan na iya farfado da halin a wurin dubawa na gaba. Ana raba itacen ƙwarewa tsakanin dukkan haruffa, bisa ga wasan da mai karɓar bakuncin ya adana. Ana haɗa abubuwa na labarin a cikin wasan ta hanyar amfani da mai ba da labari mai sani (wanda Terry Wilton ya furta) da kuma jerin rubutun wasan. An warwatsa su a cikin matakan haruffa, waƙoƙi, da takardu waɗanda ke ci gaba da fitowa daga tarihin baya kuma suna ba da ƙarin haske game da haruffa na wasan. == Makirci == === Wasan asali === [[File:Trine_2_-_Deadly_Dustland_Three_Heroes.jpg|thumb|Jarumai uku na jerin Trine da aka nuna a cikin ''Trine 2'']] ''Trine 2'' ya faru ne wasu shekaru bayan maido da mulkin wasan da ya gabata kuma ya buɗe tare da Amadeus (wanda Kevin Howarth ya furta) yana barci bayan doguwar dare yana ƙoƙarin sake koyon ƙarancin wuta. Wani haske mai ban mamaki ya haskaka a kansa, kuma ya gaya masa ya bi shi. Ko da yake ya ɗan damuwa, sha'awar mai sihiri ya shawo kan tsoronsa yayin da yake bin hasken ƙasa, wanda a ƙarshe ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Trine. Bayan isowarsa Pontius (wanda Brian Bowles ya furta) ya bayyana, Trine ya riga ya kira shi bayan ya kare gonakin manoma daga itatuwan inabi masu sihiri, kuma ya sanar da Amadeus cewa ana buƙatar su sau ɗaya. Mai sihiri bai yi farin ciki ba, ba ya son barin matarsa da 'ya'yansa, amma jarumin ya shawo kan Amadeus cewa dole ne ya zo. Daga nan sai suka sake haduwa da Zoya (wanda Vicky Krueger ya furta) kuma Trine ya fara su a kan kasadarsu, ya kai su wani jeji mai ban mamaki wanda ba su taɓa jin ko gani ba. ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7c9v1l99ihei4ms8dx98fxnf1ashbyr 0 77697 551841 480225 2024-12-04T19:13:12Z Maryamarh 29382 551841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Adekunle ojora, an haife shi ne a shekarar dubu ɗaya da Ɗari Tara da talatin da biyu(1932)kuma shi ɗan kasuwane a Nigeria kuma shine chairman a hukumar AGDIP Nigerian limited daga shekarar 1971 har zuwa lokacin da yafara aiki da kamfanin unipetrol a shekarar dubu biyu da biyu 2002. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adekunle_Ojora 50j0yu5on9uu3msxmobbya6j4fz97z7 0 78178 551735 481869 2024-12-04T14:24:41Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A portrait of Agha Muhammad Khan, Persia, Qajar, dated 1795.jpg|thumb|Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar]] [[Fayil:MohammadKhanQajari.jpg|thumb|Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar]] '''Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar''' ([[Farisawa]]: آقامحمدخان قاجار ''Âqâ Mohammad Xân-e Qâjâr'') (14 Maris 1742 - 17 ga Yuni 1797) Wanda kuma aka fi sani da sunansa na sarauta na '''Agha Muhammad Shah''' ([[Farisawa]]: آقا محمد شاه ''Âghâ Mohammad Šâh'') Shi ne wanda ya kafa [[Daular Qajar]] a Iran a shekara ta 1794.<ref>[https://d-nb.info/gnd/124384951 H.]</ref><ref><nowiki>https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85046640</nowiki></ref> Agha Muhammad Khan dan kabila Qajar ya samu damar hambarar da Shah Lutf Ali Khan tare da kawo karshen [[Daular Zand]]; Ya sha kai hare-hare na soji sannan ya sake hade kasar [[Iran]]. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == lxp6c2ez33cpj7r6bv9xxpgusx6wyqo 0 78259 552008 432918 2024-12-05T05:50:30Z Smshika 14840 552008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ishaya Iko Ibrahim,'''(19 Satumba 1952 - 4 Janairu 2022) ya riƙe shugaban hafsan sojin ruwa na Najeriya na 18. Shi jami'in tuta ne kuma mai ba da umarnin horar da sojojin ruwa da kuma rundunar sojojin ruwa ta yammaci kafin naɗinsa a matsayin babban hafsan sojojin ruwa a watan Agusta shekarar 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Omonobi, Kingsley |title=Nigeria: New Service Chiefs Take Over Command of Armed Forces |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=29 August 2008 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200808290535.html |accessdate=29 July 2016 |via=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> == Tasowarsa da farkon rayuwa == An haifi Ibrahim a karamar hukumar Jaba dake jihar Kaduna. Yayi wayo a garin [[Kwoi]] inda ya yi karatun firamarensa duka a cikin garin. Ya kammala karatunsa na Sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta S.I.M dake [[Kagoro]].Ya Shiga aikin Sojojin Ruwa a matsayin memba na kwas na 14 na yaƙi na yau da kullun. == Aiki == Ishaya Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban hukumar gudanarwar hukumar kula da hanyoyin ruwa ta ƙasa (NIWA), Lokoja ya yi aiki a cikin jiragen ruwa da dama, kuma shi ne mataimakin hadimin tsaro a [[Cotonou]], Jamhuriyar Benin. == Rayuwarsa ta cikin gida == Ibrahim ya auri Mrs Grace Ibrahim kuma suna da ƴaƴa shida. == Rayuwarsa ta cikin gida == Ibrahim ya auri Mrs Grace Ibrahim sun haifi ƴaƴa shida. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2022]] ru28prdnhpbsygeyud5dufsqks1wl4r 0 78395 551790 494155 2024-12-04T15:52:36Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tony Elumelu, Chairman, Heirs Holdings and United Bank for Africa, speaking at the UK-Africa Investment Summit in London, 20 January 2020 20200120142321 GMCB9742 (49419848012).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Tony Elumelu - 2020 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Tony Elumelu''']] [[Fayil:Reception for African Innovators as Part of the U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit (52560567420) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu]] '''Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu''' (TEF) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Afirka wacce [[Tony Elumelu|Tony O. Elumelu]] ya kafa a shekarar 2010 kuma tana da hedikwata a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kantai |first=Parselelo |date=22 November 2011 |title=Tycoons put professional veneer on business of giving |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/426bbc62-11e4-11e1-9d4d-00144feabdc0.html |access-date=14 February 2012 |publisher=ft.com}}</ref> Memba ce ta farko na Tsarin Ra'ayin Zuba Jari na Duniya (GIIRS). Ya zuwa yanzu, Gidauniyar ta baiwa 'yan kasuwa 'yan Afirka sama da 18,000 damarmaki a cikin ƙasashen Afirka 54. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tony Elumelu Foundation – Empowering African Entrepreneurs |url=https://www.tonyelumelufoundation.org/ |access-date=2 September 2019 |website=The Tony Elumelu Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa gidauniyar Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) a shekara ta 2010 ta dan kasuwar Najeriya [[Tony Elumelu|Tony O. Elumelu]], a matsayin fadada imaninsa ga matasa a matsayin masu kawo sauyi a Afirka. Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu, wacce ita ce kan gaba wajen bayar da agajin jin kai da ke baiwa sabbin ‘yan kasuwan Afrika damar samun ci gaba mai dorewa a Afirka, ta hanyar samar da ayyukan yi, kawar da talauci da karfafa tattalin arzikin mata. Manufar Gidauniyar ta samo asali ne daga Afirkapitalism, wanda ke sanya kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma mafi mahimmancin 'yan kasuwa, a matsayin mai samar da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na nahiyar Afirka. A cikin shekarar 2015, TEF ta haɗu da shirye-shiryenta daban-daban da Ƙaddamarwa tare da sanya hannun jari a cikin 'yan kasuwa na gaba na Afirka da shugabannin kasuwanci a gaba. Makomar Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu ta dogara ne akan samar da tsari, mai karfi, da tallafi mai yawa ga Yan kasuwa a fadin Afirka ta hanyar Shirin Harkokin Kasuwancin Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu; alkawarin da ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 100 na shekaru 10 don ganowa, horarwa, jagoranci da kuma tallafawa matasa 10,000 'yan kasuwa na Afirka a cikin kasashen Afirka 54. Tun bayan kaddamar da shirin samar da kasuwanci na TEF a shekarar 2015, Gidauniyar ta horar da matasan Afirka sama da miliyan 1.5 akan www.tefconnect.com, babbar hanyar samar da kasuwanci ta dijital a Afirka, kuma ta raba kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 100 a matsayin tallafi kai tsaye ga mata da maza na Afirka sama da 18,000. waɗanda suka samar da ayyukan yi sama da 400,000 kai tsaye da kuma ba kai tsaye ba. == Shirye-shirye == * Dandalin Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF): Taron shekara-shekara da aka tsara don hada yan kasuwa a duk fadin Nahiyar don hada kai da raba ra'ayoyi, hadin gwiwa da shugabannin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a a wuri daya don magance kalubalen kasuwanci a nahiyar. Kashi na biyar da aka gudanar a [[Abuja]], babban birnin Najeriya a ranar 26&27 ga watan Yuli, 2019 kuma ya samu halartar mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Yemi Osinbajo; Uwargidan Shugaban Najeriya Aisha Buhari; Shugaban Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Felix Tshisekedi; Shugaban [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]]; Macky Sall, shugaban [[Senegal|ƙasar Senegal]]; Ruhakana Rugunda, Firayim Ministan Uganda; Darakta-Janar, na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]], Tedros Ghebreyesus; da Shugaban Bankin Raya Afirka Akinwunmi Adesina da dai sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Highlights from the 2019 Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurship Forum |url=https://www.tonyelumelufoundation.org/news/highlights-from-the-2019-tony-elumelu-foundation-entrepreneurship-forum |access-date=2 September 2019 |website=The Tony Elumelu Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan da suka gabata == * Zuba Jari na Farms na Mtanga: Babban hannun jarin da Gidauniyar ta yi na farko shine a cikin Mtanga Farms Limited, wani hadadden kasuwancin noma da ke aiki a tsaunukan Kudancin Tanzaniya. * Kyautar Legacy ta Elumelu: Kyautar da Tony O. da Dokta Awele Elumelu suka kafa don gane kwararrun ilimi na gida a cikin batutuwan da ke wakiltar hanyoyin aikinsu da fannonin karatun ilimi. An ba da lambobin yabo ga daliban da suka yi karatun digiri na farko da kuma kwararrun dalibai a fannin tattalin arziki, Gudanar da Kasuwanci, da Likitanci a manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare a yankuna shida na Najeriya. An kuma bai wa ’yan takarar da suka yi fice a shirye-shiryen horaswa daga Cibiyar Ma’aikatan Banki ta Najeriya ta Chartered. An tsara lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara don habaka kwararrun ilimi da zaburar da manyan shugabannin Najeriya masu zuwa. * Shirin Elumelu Professionals Program (EPP) yana daukar Kwararru da suka kammala karatun digiri daga manyan Masters a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Masters a cikin shirye-shiryen Gudanar da Jama'a (ko Manufofin Jama'a) don yin aiki a cikin kamfanonin SME da hukumomin jama'a. Masu ɗaukar ma'aikata suna aiki akan takamaiman ayyuka na dabaru a cikin tafiyar mako 10. Tun daga shekarar 2011, Gidauniyar ta sanya ƙwararru sama da 85 a cikin kamfanoni sama da 40 a cikin kasashe bakwai na Afirka. * Shirin Hadin gwiwar Blair Elumelu (BEFP) hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya [[Tony Blair]] 's Africa Governance Initiative da TEF. An shirya gudanar da shi na tsawon shekaru uku. Ofishin Tony Blair ya yaba da shi a matsayin "hada mafi kyawun samfuran isar da gwamnatin Turai tare da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Afirka da zartaswa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blair Elumelu Fellowship Programme: Supporting African Governments to Advance Economic Development |url=http://www.tonyblairoffice.org/news/entry/blair-elumelu-fellowship-programme-supporting-african-governments-to-advanc/ |access-date=14 February 2012 |publisher=The Office of Tony Blair |archive-date=17 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217081104/http://www.tonyblairoffice.org/news/entry/blair-elumelu-fellowship-programme-supporting-african-governments-to-advanc |url-status=dead }}</ref> " * Cibiyar Sadarwar Tasirin Duniya (GIIN) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta riba ba wacce aka keɓe don haɓaka tasirin saka hannun jari. An sadaukar da TEF don tasiri zuba jari kuma memba ce ta GIIN Investor Council. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tony Elumelu Foundation |url=http://www.thegiin.org/cgi-bin/iowa/council/member/index.html#44 |access-date=14 February 2012 |publisher=Global Impact Investing Network |archive-date=30 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130065826/http://www.thegiin.org/cgi-bin/iowa/council/member/index.html#44 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gidauniyar ta mayar da hankali kan bincike ya ba da farar takarda kan batutuwa daban-daban a cikin shekarar 2012. Wanda ya kafa su, Tony O. Elumelu, ya ba da gudummawa ga farar takarda ta Nigerian Leadership Initiative a shekarar 2011.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2020}}< GIIN <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">ta</span></nowiki>'' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> bincike a watan Nuwamba 2011 akan jarin Gidauniyar a gonakin Mtanga <ref>[http://www.thegiin.org/cgi-bin/iowa/resources/research/328.html "Improving Livelihoods, Removing Barriers: Investing for Impact in Mtanga Farms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418221401/http://www.thegiin.org/cgi-bin/iowa/resources/research/328.html |date=2015-04-18 }}, GIIN, 28 November 2011.</ref> * Cibiyar Africapitalism ta kuma fitar da wani cikakken rahoto kan yanayin kasuwanci a Afirka, inda ta yi nazari kan kalubalen da 'yan kasuwan Afirka ke fuskanta da kuma hanyoyin da za su bi. <ref>Dan Keeler, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 24 July 2015.</ref> <ref>Obinna Chima, [http://allafrica.com/stories/201507290428.html "Report Reveals Access to Capital, Others As Challenges Facing Entrepreneurs"], ''This Day Live'', via AllAfrica, 29 July 2015.</ref> <ref>[http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/07/28/elumelu-foundation-releases-report-on-africas-business-climate/ "Elumelu Foundation Releases Report On Africa's Business Climate"], ''PM News'', 28 July 2015.</ref> Mai taken ''sakin 'yan kasuwan Afirka: Inganta muhalli don farawa'', an fara fitar da shi ga jama'a a wani taron manema labarai na duniya a gefen taron kasuwanci na duniya karo na 6 a [[Nairobi]], Kenya a ranar 25 ga watan Yuli 2015. Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su sun dogara ne akan bincike na asali wanda ke ba da damar cibiyar sadarwar gidauniyar ta Afirka ta sama da 20,000 farkon kasuwancin Afirka. Babban haske a cikin taimakon jama'a na Afirka, TEF yana da alaka da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a duniya. <ref>[http://www.trademarksa.org/news/africans-investing-africa-oppenheimer-elumelu-series "Africans investing in Africa: the 'Oppenheimer Elumelu' series"]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''TradeMark Southern Africa'', 3 April 2013.</ref> <ref>[http://investadvocate.com.ng/2015/06/09/africans-investing-in-africa-book-launched-at-world-economic-forum/ "''Africans Investing in Africa'' Book Launched at World Economic Forum"], ''InvestAdvocate'', 9 June 2015.</ref> == Taron Harkokin Kasuwancin Duniya, a Kenya, 2015 == A yayin taron kasuwanci na duniya wanda shugaba [[Barack Obama]] ya bude, wasu 'yan kasuwa uku Tony Elumelu na cikin shirin GES na hukuma kuma sun ba da "Tattaunawa na Ignite" kan tafiyarsu ta kasuwanci ga masu sauraro na duniya ciki har da Shugaba Obama da Shugaba Kenyatta na Kenya. <ref>Witney Schneidman, [http://www.covafrica.com/2015/07/obama-in-kenya-a-report-from-the-field-and-a-recap-of-the-global-entrepreneurship-summit/ "Obama in Kenya: A Report from the Field and a Recap of the Global Entrepreneurship Summit"], ''Cov Africa'', 30 July 2015.</ref> <ref>Witney Schneidman, [http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/africa-in-focus/posts/2015/07/29-obama-kenya-schneidman "Obama in Kenya: A report from the field and a recap of the Global Entrepreneurship Summit"], Brookings, 29 July 2015.</ref> Shadi Sabeh, CEO Brilliant Footsteps Academy, Nigeria; Tonee Ndungu, Wanda ya kafa Kytabu, Kenya; da Jean Patrick Ehouman, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kasa, Akendewa a Cote d'Ivoire sune masu magana da ke wakiltar kamfanoninsu kuma suna cin gajiyar gidauniyar Tony Elumelu. <ref>Paul Wafula, [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000170554/50-universities-to-benefit-from-sh6-billion-ibm-funding "50 Universities to benefit from Sh6 billion IBM funding"], ''Standard Digital'' (Kenya), 27 July 2015.</ref> == Taron tattalin arzikin duniya kan Afirka, a Kigali, 2016 == "Saukar da 'yan kasuwan noma na Afirka", rahoton gidauniyar kan yuwuwar kasuwancin noma wajen kawo sauyi a nahiyar, an kaddamar da shi ne a gefen taron tattalin arzikin duniya karo na 26 a [[Kigali|birnin Kigali]] na kasar Rwanda, 11-13 ga watan Mayu 2016. Elumelu ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin dandali. == ''Tony Elumelu 'Yan Kasuwa: Sauya Afirka'' == A cikin watan Yuni 2016, ''Tony Elumelu 'Yan Kasuwa: Canza Afirka,'' wani fim na gaskiya na mintuna 30 wanda ya ba da labarin Shirin Harkokin Kasuwancin Gidauniyar. An fara gabatar da shirin a birane daban-daban na duniya tun daga Paris <ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/nollywood-gets-paris-love/ "Nollywood gets Paris’ love"], ''The Nation'', 7 June 2016.</ref> zuwa St. Gallen, [[Kigali]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] da London. == Manazarta == hcmmhhg9cbcmsobtva27c8pv82hue17 0 78456 551979 549357 2024-12-05T00:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Ayodeji karim]] [[Fayil:Ayodeji karim.jpg|thumb|Hoton ayodeji]] '''Ayodeji Ismail Karim''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 1970) shine manajan darakta na kamfanin Costain West Africa Plc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/06/costain-raises-shareholders%E2%80%99-hope-over-dividend/|title= Costain raises shareholders hope over dividend|website= vanguardngr.com }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/news/article/chinese-firms-take-nigerias-rail-construction-sector/|title=Chinese firms take nigerias rail construction sector|website=businessdayonline.com}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Capital%20Market/Costain--How-We-Survived-Global-Financial-Crisis/11052|title= Costain How We Survived Global Financial Crisis/11052|website= proshareng.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.winne.com/ng/interviews/mr-ayodeji-karim |title= mr ayodeji karim |website= winne.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://insideoyo.com/2019-constain-owner-ayo-karim-joins-oyo-guber-race-launches-ayo-ni-o/|title=2019 constain owner ayo karim joins oyo guber race launches ayo ni o|website= insideoyo.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.projectlightupnigeria.com/corporate-nigeria/costain.html|title= Corporate Nigeria |website=projectlightupnigeria.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200005030057.html|title= Stories|website=allafrica.com}}</ref> ==Tarihi== Ya yi karatun firamare a St George's Boys School Falomo, Ikoyi, Legas sannan ya yi sakandare a Metropolitan College, Isolo kafin ya wuce South Thames College, Wandsworth, Landan inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma a fannin Electro/Mechanical Sciences. Har ila yau, yana da digiri a cikin Bachelor of Materials Engineering da Engineering Design / Manufacturing duka daga Jami'ar Wales, Swansea, Birtaniya.<ref> "Costain raises shareholders hope over dividend". vanguardngr.com.</ref><ref>"Chinese firms take nigerias rail construction sector". businessdayonline.com.</ref><ref> "Costain How We Survived Global Financial Crisis/11052". proshareng.com.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] b0moj9j6hzd47d6u7gkzn3pdobtzd5v 0 79434 551727 437457 2024-12-04T14:18:21Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_077v_1.png|right|thumb|300x300px| [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]], ita ce birni inda aka kafa makarantar empiricist, wanda ke buƙatar likitoci su yi nasara, ba ilimin ka'ida ba]] [[Fayil:Nuremberg chronicles - f 077v 1.png|thumb|Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Alexandria]] '''Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Alexandria''' tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin ilimi a tarihin kiwon lafiya da aka fara a Lokacin Hellenistic a birnin Alexandria (311 BC). A wani lokaci na tarihi, a Misira, sun haɗa dukkan koyarwar likitanci daban-daban da suka samo asali a Gabas da Iskandariya (yana kama da birni na duniya), kuma sun haɗu cikin "mahimmanci mai mahimmanci na ilimi" makarantar sakandare ta Iskandariya.<ref name="autogenerated1">'' History & Society: School of Alexandria '' [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/14441/School-of-Alexandria Encyklopedia Britannica]</ref> Yayin da Makarantar Alexandria ta kara bunkasa Makarantun Kiwon Lafiya a Knossos da Knidos a tsawon lokaci sun rasa ma'anarsu da muhimmancin su. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Ancientlibraryalex.jpg|thumb|Laburaren Alexandriks ya kasance dukiya ce ta kimanin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-buce 700,000 (na duk ilimin ɗan adam mafi arziki har zuwa yanzu, mafi arziki a duniya) ]] Birnin Girka na Iskandariya, a bakin Kogin Nilu, Alexander the Great ne ya tsara shi kuma ya kafa shi a cikin 331 BC, kuma ya mai da hankali a cikinsa kogunan al'adu daga wurare daban-daban: mysticism na Gabas da tunanin Girka, a cikin ɗakin karatu mai arziki, tare da kimanin 700,000 rubuce-rubuce (dukiyar duk ilimin ɗan adam har zuwa yau; mafi arziki a duniya). Don haka, tare da makarantu, Alexandria wani nau'in jami'a ne inda fitattun marubuta, likitoci, masana kimiyya, da masana falsafa na lokacin tarihi suka taru kuma suka yi aiki.<ref name="autogenerated1">'' History & Society: School of Alexandria '' [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/14441/School-of-Alexandria Encyklopedia Britannica]</ref> Helenawa na dā sun yaba da Masar kuma sun ga ƙasa mai ban mamaki, mai ni'ima tare da ɓoyayyen hikima. A wani lokaci, sun haɗa dukkan koyarwar kiwon lafiya daban-daban da suka samo asali a Gabas da Alexandria (wanda ya kara kama da birni na duniya) a Misira, kuma ya haɗu da shi cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na ilimi na duniya.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}A Alexandria, an ba da muhimmancin musamman ga nazarin magani. An yi nazarin ayyukan kiwon lafiya na Hippocrates da [[Aristotle]] kuma an tattara "Hippocratic Corpus" na farko. An gabatar da nazarin jikin mutum da tsarin nazarin gawawwakin mutane a karon farko. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}} === Ci gaban jikin mutum da ilimin lissafi === Yayinda kimiyyar kiwon lafiya ta tsohuwar Girka ta shiga cikin lalacewar siyasa da koma baya - an sabunta aikin kimiyya a wannan yanki, musamman a fagen anatomy: an yi sassan da yawa akan gawawwakin har ma da vivisection akan fursunoni da ke cikin layin mutuwa.<ref>García Font, Juan. '' Historia de la ciencia '', Danae, Barcelona, 1974.</ref> Daga irin wannan aikin an rubuta rubuce-rubuce na farko masu ma'ana game da jikin mutum, saboda waɗannan sune lokuta na farko na dissection na mutum a cikin aikin likita na Girka. Kafin wannan lokacin, rarrabawar mutum ya kasance haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Longrigg |first=James |date=December 1988 |title=Anatomy in Alexandria in the Third Century B.C. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026964 |journal=The British Journal for the History of Science |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=455-488}}</ref> Masana ilimin jikin mutum da likitoci na Makarantar Alexandria sune Herophilos da Erasistratus . === Herophilos === Kodayake Herophilos ( {{Circa|300 BC}} ) ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa ainihin jikin mutum, kuma mai ba da shawara ne mai mahimmanci don amfani da magunguna. Ya yi nazarin dukkan gabobin da ke cikin jiki ta hanyar dabi'a, kuma ya dauki kwakwalwa a matsayin cibiyar jijiya kuma mai dauke da ruhi. Herophilos ba kawai masanin ilimin jikin mutum ba ne har ma yana daya daga cikin likitocin wannan makarantar. Ya kuma bayyana tsarin kwakwalwa da yawa, wanda ya kira sheaths na kwakwalwa, choroid plexus da ɗakunan kwakwalwa guda huɗu.   === Erasistratus === [[Fayil:David-Antiochus_et_Stratonice.jpg|thumb|Erasistratus ya bayyana dalilin cutar a Antiochus.]] Erasistratus (304-250 BC), likitan Girka wanda ya girma a [[Antioch|Antakiya]], masanin ilimin jikin mutum ne na wannan lokacin, wanda ya bayyana tsarin jikin mutum da yawa. Ya kasance matashi na zamani na Herophilos kuma, tare da shi, babban wakilin Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Iskandariya. Ya rarraba gawawwakin, masu yanke hukuncin kisa, kuma mai yiwuwa gawarwakin dabbobi masu rai, kuma ta haka ne ya ci gaba da ilimin kimiyya. Ya bayyana zuciya da bawul dinta, jijiyoyi jini da jijiyoyi, kwakwalwa da ɗakunan ta da eddies, fitowar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa, tasoshin lymphatic a cikin mesentery da hanta.   Koyaya, manyan kyawawan halaye na Erasistratus suna cikin fannin ilimin lissafi. Shi ne na farko da ya bayyana ayyukan ilimin lissafi na valves na zuciya. A karkashin tasirin Democritus na atomistics da makarantar peripatetic, ya nemi ya fassara duk abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa ta hanyar inji. A ra'ayinsa, tsarin gabobin guda uku suna wucewa kuma suna haɗuwa da dukan kwayoyin: jijiyoyi, jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi; ruwa na farko pneuma, jini na biyu, da na uku ruwa mai jijiya. Rugujewar pneuma an rage shi zuwa aikin inji na zuciya.<ref>Lloyd, G. E. R. (1975). '' 'A Note on the Erasistratus of Ceos' ''. Journal of Hellenic Studies 95: 172–175. doi: 10.2307 / 630879.</ref> Ya kuma yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana ka'idodin inji na numfashi da narkewa. Tsohon ya fahimci bambancin da ke tsakanin jijiyoyin motsi da na ji, kuma ya "yi" da ilmantarwa na Hippocrates, kuma ya ba da shawarar amfani da magunguna marasa ƙarfi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}Erasistratus ya ki amincewa da humoral da pathology na "juices huɗu", farawa daga ra'ayin cewa cututtukan sun kasance sakamakon tarin jini (plethora) ko rashi a wasu sassan jiki, wanda ya haifar da dyscrasia humoral. A cewarsa, plethora jijiya ce cike da jini, wanda ke gudana cikin jijiyoyi kuma yana fitar da pneuma a can. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}} Kamar yadda yawancin cututtukan, Erasistratus ya yi la'akari da yawan abinci mai gina jiki, ya ba da shawarar cewa ba za a yi amfani da yawa ba game da jini a matsayin matsayi.<ref>'' Medical Encyclopedia '' (1970) Zagreb: JLZ.SV.1: 313; 555-6.</ref> === Ci gaban tiyata da ilimin magunguna === Makarantar Alexandria tana haifar da ci gaban tiyata da ilimin magunguna. Ana shirya magunguna a can, amma a lokaci guda ana bincika guba kuma ana shirya maganin rigakafi. === Kafa makarantar kwarewa === Ci gaban jikin mutum a makarantar Iskandariya ya haifar da sakamakon kimiyya wanda ba koyaushe yake daidai da ra'ayoyin makarantar koyarwa ba. A mayar da martani ga dogmatism mara kyau, ya samo asali ne a cikin 3 BC a Alexandria abin da ake kira. wata makaranta ce ta kwarewa wacce ta watsar da zato, falsafar da ka'idar, tana bin gogewa kawai (empirics) a matsayin hanyar samun sabon ilimi mai kyau. ==== Glaucko Tarencio ==== Ana ci gaba da makarantar kwarewa a Alexandria a layi daya. Kodayake yanayin ilmantarwa na kwarewa zai sami mahimmanci ne kawai a karni na 17 lokacin da likitoci ke ƙara neman nasara a cikin aikinsu, maimakon ilimin ka'idoji, muna samun alamun wannan koyarwar a cikin ayyukan likitocin Makarantar Alexandria. Babban wakilin sa shine likitan Glaucko Tarencio (1 BC), wanda za'a iya cewa shi ne mai gabatarwa na maganin da ya danganci shaida. A gare shi, sakamakon ne kawai abin dogaro; wanda aka samu ta hanyar kwarewar kansa, ko kwarewar wasu likitoci, ko irin wannan kwatanci lokacin da ba shi da bayanan da za a iya kwatanta shi daga kwarewarsa ko wasu. Daga cikin sauran manyan mutanen wannan makarantar, ya kamata mutum ya ambaci Oribasius a (karni na 6), wanda ya rubuta ayyukan da aka tattara akan magani a cikin littattafai 70 da kuma Bulus na Aegina (karni ya 7, shahararren wakilin Byzantine. <ref>Grmek MD, Glesinger L, Dragic M, Pintar I, Levental Z, Dragic Đ.History of medicine In: Šerger A, editor Medical encyclopedia.Volume V. Zagreb: Yugoslavian lexicographic institute; 1970.p. 354-94.</ref><ref>Tomic-Karović K. Snake as a cultural-historical phenomenon. LijecVjesn 1952; 74 (3-6): 72-9.</ref><ref>Ignjatovic M. Beginnings of Medicine, Surgery, and War Surgery In the Prehistoric and Old Age Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl 2003; 60 (1): 105–10.</ref><ref>Gleisinger L. History of Medicine. Zagreb: School Book; 1978.</ref><ref>Surgery Treatment of wounds Review of the development of surgery through history [editorial]. In: Šerger A, editor .Medicalencyclopedia. Volume III. Zagreb: Yugoslav Lexicographic Product; (1968). pp. 670-4.</ref><ref>Cvetković, J. Medical corps service. In: Gazevic N, editor.Military encyclopedia. Volume VIII. 2nd ed. Belgrade: Editorial War Encyclopedias; (1974). pp. 343-57.</ref><ref>Levi I. Hospital. In: Gažević N, editor. Military encyclopedia.Volume I. 2nd ed. Belgrade: Editorial Board of the Military Encyclopedia; (1970). pp. 682-4.</ref> ==== Rashin fa'idodi na makarantar kwarewa ==== Makarantar da ta samu kwarewa tana da lahani. Yunkurin ka'idar ya haifar da raguwa a matakin kimiyya na magani, wanda ya fara mai da hankali kan matsalolin da suka dace kawai. Haɗin tsakanin ilimin lissafi da cututtukan ya ɓace, kuma a ƙarshe, alamun waje ne kawai na cutar, alamun, suna da mahimmanci ga likita a wannan lokacin.<ref>V. Stojevic, History of Medicine. Belgrade-Zagreb: Medicalbook; 1962.</ref> === Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Iskandariya Shugaba na Astrology na Kiwon Lafiyar === Ana samun farkon astrology na likita a cikin ayyukan likitoci da masana falsafa daga zamanin Girka da Iskandariya. Masana falsafa, amma sama da dukkan likitoci a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Alexandria, sun koma ga astrology kuma sun kimanta shi a matsayin ƙwarewar da ke taimaka wa mutum sosai. Tare da duk bambance-bambance tsakanin astrology da magani, waɗanda a zahiri ƙwarewa ne - fasaha (kuma magani a zahiri har zuwa karni na 19, kodayake irin wannan ƙuduri har yanzu yana da zafi a yau), akwai mahimman haɗin kai.  Dukkanin darussan sun dogara ne akan lura da gogewa kuma sun haɗa da bangarorin ka'idoji da na aiki. Idan muka yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa astrology shine reshe na duba, to a bayyane yake cewa aƙalla wani ɓangare na magani, watau tsinkaya, na iya danganta da astrology. Koyaya, idan muka dubi tarihin magani kuma muka fara daga maganin Girka, za mu ga cewa bisa ga kafofin da yawa, astrology a duk tarihin magani ya riga ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na Hippocrates (wanda ya mutunta ka'idojin astrological da yawa). <ref>Flashar, H., '' Antiquities of the Medizin '', Darmstadt, 1971</ref> Matsayin astrology a cikin magani an nuna shi ta hanyar babban rukuni na matani a cikin abin da ake kira. sanannen Hermeticism, nassi da aka danganta ga mashahuran Masarawa Neheps da Petoziris da Hermes Trismegistos (wanda aka dauka a matsayin mai kula da ilimin taurari da alchemy), wanda aka rubuta tun farkon 3 BC, inda aka gano alaƙar tsakanin ilimin taurari le magani. A cikin ayyukansu galibi matani ne waɗanda ke nazarin fannin botany, mineralogy, amma kuma magani da astrology na likita. A cikin waɗannan, wasu tsire-tsire na magani da ma'adanai, da kuma sassan jikin mutum, suna da alaƙa da Alamun zodiac, tare da taurari da matsayinsu, da dai sauransu. A cikin waɗannan litattafan astrological-alchemical-magical, ainihin zaton shine rubutun game da haɗin gwiwar dukkan sassan sararin samaniya, rubutun game da aikin dokokin tausayi da ƙiyayya. Ilimin taurari yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin magani, ba kawai a hango yanayin cutar ba, har ma a cikin maganin su. Har ila yau, an jaddada alaƙar da ke tsakanin astrology da magani a cikin ayyukan Claudius Ptolemy (karni na 2), musamman a cikin waɗanda astrology, kamar su "Quadripartitum da Centiloquium", ayyukan da likitoci suka yi amfani da su, waɗanda kuma sun kasance a ƙarƙashin sunan ''Kαρπος'' , kuma waɗanda aka danganta su kuma an sake su a duk lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Renaissance (daga baya, duk da haka, wannan halayen ya zama ba daidai ba). == Rashin muhimmancin == Tare da sauyawa na Masar zuwa matsayin lardin Romawa da faduwar Iskandariya cikin hannun Rashidun Caliphate (641 AD), Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Iskandariya a hankali ta rasa muhimmancin, yayin da zamanin zinariya na magani a Turai ke tasowa. == JBayanan da aka ambat == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i]] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Misra]] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Afrika]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t2ru43ndml7zusfu8ast45vs4b607az 0 79471 552260 526912 2024-12-05T09:48:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya kara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A karkashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ftpet0a2nq3w666hc8wucu9a0pcfl2d 552261 552260 2024-12-05T09:48:21Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A karkashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] l1aogbs8dvyvruythk9tk1cf1vkd1r7 552262 552261 2024-12-05T09:48:34Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A karkashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 5kkmjm2e3cxbxtc3h3tekkti6fsvymb 552263 552262 2024-12-05T09:48:43Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A karkashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] mmli7gs0yvuyng9ooxo66au1d3ywi5b 552264 552263 2024-12-05T09:48:55Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A karkashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] lx5dl3qeetxoe4ytbnydm2utjhxtlbv 552265 552264 2024-12-05T09:49:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin kungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 0yvg4ql2djz901sf9w4we4qjm30oiji 552266 552265 2024-12-05T09:49:18Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] g1ff8e1t1fo6w4e7xiw0rc6uw54jqpo 552267 552266 2024-12-05T09:49:30Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan karshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] t93yeu17v1e494ysip6ttl838dppmjx 552268 552267 2024-12-05T09:49:38Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima kungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] qn0t83rmskrx9nxsuy8xa4j2q5uuman 552269 552268 2024-12-05T09:49:47Z Ummun Sultan 23935 552269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012. Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar har zuwa wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima ƙungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar. == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17. Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.[1] A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".[2] Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan. == Rayuwar Horaswa == '''Rayuwar Farko''' A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar. Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas. Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki. Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. '''AZ''' A shekarar alif 2017, Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019. Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20. Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi. '''Feyenoord''' '''Shekarar 2021-22''' A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22."13" da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3. Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa. Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2. A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille. Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya. '''Shekarar 2022-23''' Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donestk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995. Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba. Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax. A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. "22" "23" "24" Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag."25" '''Shekarar 2023-24''' A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai."26" A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi."27" Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam. Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV."28" '''Liverpool''' A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo."29" Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024."30" A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar. Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024."31" == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12 Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23[21] KNVB Cup: 2023–24[36] UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22[37] Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23[25] == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] q90l2d7e08tdgzf6tjpibtjk88flvl7 0 79647 551982 457236 2024-12-05T02:36:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Baptist_Boys_High_School,_main_gate,_Oke_saje,_Abeokuta,_Ogun_state.jpg|thumb]] Baptist Boys" High School wata makarantar sakandare ce ta Baptist a [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]], kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Tana da ɗaliban ɗalibai 2,000 a cikin shekara ta 2022-2023.<ref name="trump">The Trumpeter (2012) ‘Students in the boarding house’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 3, p. 2, Summer/Spring, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> Yawan ɗalibai ya ragu da kusan rabin daga saman 2155 a cikin shekara ta 1998-1999, wani bangare don mayar da martani ga damuwa game da wuraren da suka cika.<ref name="five">Aroyeun, G.O. (2000) School Situation Report, Nulli Secundus, Annual Magazine of the Baptist Boys’ High School Old Boys Association, Edition II, Millennium 2000, pp.15-17.</ref> BBHS tana kan shafinta na dindindin, Oke-Saje . Yana da alaƙa da Yarjejeniyar Baptist ta Najeriya . == Tarihi == An kafa makarantar sakandare ta Baptist Boys ta Hukumar Jakadancin Amurka ta Duniya, <ref>The School History Book 1923-2007, BBHS, Abeokuta, Nigeria.</ref> wanda Hukumar Wajen Waje ta fara aiki a Abeokuta a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1850, tare da isowar mishan na farko, Reverend Thomas Jefferson Bowen <ref name="Ademola, A. S. 2010">Ademola, A. S. (2010) Baptist Work in Nigeria, 1850-2005: A Comprehensive History Ibadan, Nigeria: Book Wright Publishers.</ref> <ref>Sprenkle, S. (2000) ‘Nigerian Baptists Celebrate 150 Years of Gospel Witness’, the Commission, September, 2000; available at: http://www.bobsiddensphoto.com/pdf/nigeria_baptists.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220750/http://www.bobsiddensphoto.com/pdf/nigeria_baptists.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}; accessed: 2.12.2000.</ref> Kamar yadda tare da yin wa'azin bishara, tawagar Amurka ta Kudu Baptist zuwa Najeriya ta samar da makarantu, asibitoci, horar da malamai da kwalejojin tauhidi. <ref name="Ademola, A. S. 2010" /> <ref name="Akande, S.T.O. 1978 p. 13">Akande, S.T.O. (1978) Presidential Address, 65th Annual Session of the Nigerian Baptist Convention, Kaduna, April 5, 1978, The Nigerian Baptist, June 1978, p. 13.</ref> <ref name="ds.bgco.org">Griffin, B.T. (1939) ‘New Missionaries Teaching in Nigeria’, Baptist Messenger, The First Baptist Church, 7 December 1939. Available: http://ds.bgco.org/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-8651/December%207,%201939.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026052930/http://ds.bgco.org/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-8651/December%207,%201939.pdf |date=2023-10-26 }}; accessed: 12.1.13</ref> Kungiyar Nigerian Baptist Mission, reshen takwararta ta Amurka, ta kafa makarantun firamare guda uku a Ago-Owu, Ago-Ijaye da Oke-saje. <ref name="og">Ogunleye, J. (2012) ‘Rev S.G. Pinnock – a focus on the pioneer principal of BBHS’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 1, Winter, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> Bayan saurin ci gaban makarantar Owu zuwa kimanin dalibai 150, <ref name="pinnock">Pinnock, S.G. (1917) The Romance of Missions in Nigeria, (Bibliobazear) Educational Department, FMB, SBC, Richmond, Virginia, USA.</ref> Ofishin Jakadancin ya ba da umarnin Reverend Samuel George Pinnock don kafa makarantar firamare don ilimantar da yara daga makarantun firamare guda uku. <ref name="og">Ogunleye, J. (2012) ‘Rev S.G. Pinnock – a focus on the pioneer principal of BBHS’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 1, Winter, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> A cikin 1916 Pinnock ya gano kuma ya zaɓi shafin, Egunya Hill, kuma ya tattauna sayen ƙasar. An jinkirta gina makarantar saboda tasirin Yaƙin Duniya na akan farashin kayan gini.<ref name="pinnock" /> Koyaya, a farkon 1922 Pinnock ya kula da gina Gidan Shugaban, wanda kuma ya ninka sau biyu a matsayin Gidan Jakadancin Abeokuta; wani toshe na ɗakunan aji biyar, ɗakin sujada, da ɗakin kwana na yara maza. A shekara ta 1922 Pinnock ya zaɓi ƙungiyar ɗalibai masu ci gaba daga makarantun firamare guda uku a Ago-Owu, Ago-Ijaye da Oke-saje, kuma waɗannan sun kafa aji na farko na makarantar.<ref name="og">Ogunleye, J. (2012) ‘Rev S.G. Pinnock – a focus on the pioneer principal of BBHS’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 1, Winter, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> Ya bude makarantar sakandare ta Baptist Boys a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1923, tare da dalibai 75 da malamai hudu (ciki har da matarsa, Madora Pinnock). <ref name="og" /> Bikin buɗewa ya jawo hankalin baƙi 2,000. Mai magana da baƙo shi ne Farfesa [[Nathaniel Oyerinde]], <ref name="og" /> malami a Kwalejin Baptist, <ref name="pinnock">Pinnock, S.G. (1917) The Romance of Missions in Nigeria, (Bibliobazear) Educational Department, FMB, SBC, Richmond, Virginia, USA.</ref> Ogbomoso, kuma Farfesa na Baptist na farko na Najeriya. <ref>Ademola, A. S. (2011) The Place of Ogbomoso in Baptist Missionary Enterprise in Nigeria, Ogirisi: a new journal of African studies, Volume 8; {{Doi|10.4314/og.v8i1.2}}; accessed: 11.1.2012</ref> An kafa makarantar sakandare ta Baptist Boys a matsayin, kuma har yanzu tana nan, makarantar yara maza kawai, kodayake ta zama makarantar da aka haɗu da ita a takaice a cikin 1969 da 1970 biyo bayan gabatar da Takardar Shaidar Makarantar Sakandare ta kwamitin gwamnonin makarantar.<ref name="Akano">Akano, O. O. (2010) ‘Agboola, Emmanuel Oladele (1903 to 1988) Nigerian Baptist Convention’, Dictionary of African Christian Biography, available at: http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/agboola_emmanuel.html; accessed: 14.1.2013.</ref> Makarantar ta karu zuwa 400 a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1946, kuma zuwa 1110 <ref>Southern Baptist Convention (1947) ‘Annual of the Southern Baptist Convention Nineteen Hundred and Forty-Seven, Ninetieth Session, One Hundred Second Year’ , St Louis, Missouri, May 7–11, 1947; available: http://media2.sbhla.org.s3.amazonaws.com/annuals/SBC_Annual_1947.pdf; accessed: 11.1.13. </ref> tun daga shekarar karatun 2011-2012.<ref name="trump">The Trumpeter (2012) ‘Students in the boarding house’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 3, p. 2, Summer/Spring, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana da tarin da ke da abubuwan tunawa da labarun da dalibai da malamai na makarantar suka rubuta tsakanin 1920s t0 1950s Makarantar ta kasance a Egunya Hill har zuwa 1969, lokacin da aka koma Oke-Saje. Ana saukar da ɗaliban shiga a cikin masauki, amma yawan ɗaliban shiga ya ragu a hankali - daga 513 a cikin 1998-1999 zuwa 49 a cikin shekara ta 2022-2023. == Shirye-shiryen == * Makarantu: BBHS tana da bangarori biyu, Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior da Makarantar Sakandaren Senior, kowannensu na tsawon shekaru uku. * Gidaje: Ana rarraba ɗalibai cikin gidaje huɗu yadda ya kamata don gasa ta wasanni 'tsakanin gida'. An sanya sunan Bowen House ne bayan Reverend Thomas Jefferson Bowen, majagaba na Amurka na Southern Baptist a Najeriya.<ref>Sprenkle, S. (2000) ‘Nigerian Baptists celebrated 150 years of Baptist witness and ministry’, IN BRIEF, April 15–20, 2000; available at http://www.imb.org/main/news/details.asp?LanguageID=1709&StoryID=518{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; accessed: 10.1.13.</ref> An sanya sunan gidan Pinnock ne bayan shugaban da ya kafa BBHS, Reverend Samuel Gorge Pinnock . <ref name="og">Ogunleye, J. (2012) ‘Rev S.G. Pinnock – a focus on the pioneer principal of BBHS’, The Trumpeter, Volume 14, Issue 1, Winter, 2012; BBHA OBA: London, UK.</ref> Gidan Agboola an sanya masa suna ne bayan Reverend Emmanuel Oladele Agboola; shi ne shugaban kwamitin gwamnoni na BBHS (1958-1971) kuma mai wa'azin Baptist. <ref name="Akano"/> An sanya sunan Aloba House ne bayan tsohon malamin BBHS. * Ya zuwa 2023, makarantar tana da wurare daban-daban kamar filin wasa mai kujeru 500, kotun Kwando, kotun Lawn da Table Tennis (junior da senior), kotun Volleyball, ƙwanƙwasawa, OGD Hall da Alumni Hall, zauren masu siyarwa, OBA Car Park, ɗakin ma'aikatan majalisar dattijai, Amurka da Kanada OBA ma'aikatan ɗakin karatu tare da fasahar zamani, Laboratory Laboratory Laboratori, Physics da Chemistry, Gidan Gidan Gida, Gidan Gudanarwa, Gidan Nazarin Gidan Gundumar, Gidan Ayyuka, Gidan Lab, Gidan Kasuwanci, Gidan Jakadanar Gidan Gudancin Gidan Ginin Gidan Garin Gidan Gona, Gidan, Gidan Asibitin Gidan Gudun Gidan Godiya, Gidan Jami'a, Gidan Jirgin Gidan Gashi, Gidan Jama'a, Makarantar Gidan Guda, Gidan * Taken makarantun shine Nulli Secundus a cikin Latin wanda ke nufin na biyu ga babu. == Kungiyar Alumni == BBHS Old Boys Association tana da rassa a Burtaniya / Ireland, Amurka / Kanada, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Ijebu Ode, Edo, Legas da Abuja. == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * [[Obafemi Awolowo]] * [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * [[Bola Ajibola]] * [[Gbenga Daniel|Gbenga Daniyel]] * [[Moshood Abiola]] * [[Dimeji Bankole]] * Adegboyega Dosunmu Amororo II * Oyeleye Oyediran * Olawale Adeniji Ige * Kayode Soyinka * [[Onaolapo Soleye]] tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi na Tarayya; * [[Sunday Afolabi (ɗan siyasa)|Lahadi Afolabi]] * [[Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III]] * [[Alani Bankole]] == Ƙarin karantawa == * Littafin Tarihin Makaranta 1923-2007, BBHS, Abeokuta, Najeriya. * Tepede, A. (1999) Lokacinmu a kan Dutsen, Nulli Secundus, Mujallar Shekara-shekara ta Baptist Boys" High School Old Boys Association, Volume 1, Number 1, Janairu 1999, shafi na 27.&nbsp; == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://bbhsoba.org/}} ifrsrater5gzrlwxo5rr43kqrfirhfp 0 80528 552345 538868 2024-12-05T11:43:44Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'idojin rubutu 552345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osama Eid Hajjaj,''' (Arabic) ɗan palasdinawa Mai wasan kwaikwayo ne na-Jordani, an haife shi a [[Amman]] a shekara ta 1973. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Osman Hajjaj a Amman, Jordan a shekara ta 1973. Ya yi aiki ga jaridu daban-daban na yau da kullun a Jordan, kamar Ad-Dustour da ''Al Ra'i'', da jaridu na mako-mako kamar ''Al-Bilad'' da ''Al-Mar'aa''; ya yi aiki ga ''[./Al-Ittihad_(&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Emirati]''_newspaper)" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper)">Al-Ittihad, jaridar Emirati. A halin yanzu, yana aiki a Al Arab Al Yawm (jarida) kuma yana buga zane-zanensa a shafukan yanar gizo na yanki da na duniya da yawa, kamar Cagle Cartoons . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cagle Post |url=http://www.cagle.com/2015/05/cartoonist-under-threats/}}</ref> kuma http://www.cartoonmovement.com/ .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cartoon Movement |url=http://www.cartoonmovement.com/p/12440 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502132116/http://www.cartoonmovement.com/p/12440 |archive-date=2015-05-02 |website=www.cartoonmovement.com}} </ref> Osama ɗan'uwan [[Emad Hajjaj]] ne, wanda shi ma mai zane-zane ne.<ref>Maktabi, R., "Brothers' political cartoons break taboos," ''CNN: Middle East News,'' 5 April 2011 [http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html Online:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117055959/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html |date=2023-11-17 }}</ref> 'Yan uwan suna da masaniya game da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da buga zane-zanen siyasa a Gabas. gabaɗaya sun kasance Wanda aka azabtartar da su, <ref>Gruber, C., "Fighting ISIS With A Pen," 26 June, ''Newsweek,'' 26 June 2015, [http://www.newsweek.com/fighting-isis-pen-347335 Online:]</ref> sun sami barazanar mutuwa saboda aikin su na satirical, musamman zane-zane da aka yi wa ISIS. Osama ya yi iƙirarin cewa an ɗaure shi saboda ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanensa.<ref>Maktabi, R., "Brothers' political cartoons break taboos," ''CNN: Middle East News,'' 5 April 2011 [http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html Online:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117055959/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html |date=2023-11-17 }}</ref> == Ayyuka == An fi saninsa da zane-zanensa na siyasa da zane-zane,da yawa daga cikinsu sun bayyana a cikin rubutu da littattafai da cikin rare mujalla kamar su France's charlie Hebdo ni da litattafai <ref>Glover, R.W. and Tagliarin, D., ''Teaching Politics Beyond the Book: Film, Texts, and New Media in the Classroom,'' A & C Black, 2012, n.p. [E-text edition]</ref> da kuma cikin shahararrun mujallu kamar ''Charlie Hebdo.'' na Faransa . == Dubi kuma == * Fasahar Jordan * Omaya Joha == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] ikp22elaaip2c8fs1afpfgkvmg4qz90 0 81339 551991 528159 2024-12-05T03:56:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:BiodegradablePlasticUtensils1.jpg|thumb|Kayan filastik da za a iya lalata suKayan aiki]] [[Fayil:Flower_Wrapping_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Rufewar furanni da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] [[Fayil:Classification of bioplastics.jpg|thumb|rabe raben kayan roba]] '''Bioplastics''' kayan filastik ne da aka samar daga tushen biomass mai sabuntawa, kamar su kitse na kayan lambu da mai, [[starch]]" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Corn starch">starch na masara, kara, woodchips, sawdust, sharar abinci da aka sake amfani da su, da dai sauransu. Ana samun wasu bioplastics ta hanyar sarrafawa kai tsaye daga Biopolymers na halitta ciki har da polysaccharides (misali, starch, cellulose, chitosan, da Alginate) da sunadarai (misali), yayin da suka samo asali daga [[sukari]] ko kuma shuke-shuke da suka zama sinadarin sukari, sinadarin sinadarin (sugar, sinadarai) (sugar da sinadarin da sinadarai, sinadurin sinadarin) (samar, sinadari, sinadaran (misali) (s. Sabanin haka, filastik na yau da kullun, kamar filastik mai burbushin halittu (wanda ake kira polymers na [[Danyen mai|man fetur]]) an samo su ne daga man fetur ko iskar gas. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin bioplastics shine 'yancin kansu daga man fetur a matsayin albarkatun kasa, wanda shine iyaka kuma ba'a rarraba shi ba'a duniya wanda keda alaƙa da siyasar man fetur da Tasirin muhalli. Nazarin nazarin sake zagayowar rayuwa ya nuna cewa ana iya yin wasu bioplastics tare da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu, misali lokacin da ake amfani da biomass a matsayin albarkatun kasa da kuma samar da makamashi. Koyaya, wasu hanyoyin bioplastics basu da inganci kuma suna haifar da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da burbushin filastik. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenboom |first=Jan-Georg |last2=Langer |first2=Robert |last3=Traverso |first3=Giovanni |date=2022-02-20 |title=Bioplastics for a circular economy |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=117–137 |bibcode=2022NatRM...7..117R |doi=10.1038/s41578-021-00407-8 |issn=2058-8437 |pmc=8771173 |pmid=35075395}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=S. |last2=Rothman |first2=R. |date=2020-07-10 |title=Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620312051 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |language=en |volume=261 |page=121158 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=216414551 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pellis |first=Alessandro |last2=Malinconico |first2=Mario |last3=Guarneri |first3=Alice |last4=Gardossi |first4=Lucia |date=2021-01-25 |title=Renewable polymers and plastics: Performance beyond the green |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678420301813 |journal=New Biotechnology |language=en |volume=60 |pages=146–158 |doi=10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.003 |issn=1871-6784 |pmid=33068793 |s2cid=224321496}}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin filastik daba na ''burbushin halittu'' ba (bio) da filastik na burbushi yana da iyakacin dacewa tunda kayan kamar man fetur kansu kawai burbushin burbushin halitta ne. Saboda haka, ko kowane irin filastik yana da lalacewa ko wanda ba zai iya lalacewa ba (mai dorewa) ya dogara da tsarin kwayoyinsa, ba'a kan ko biomass dake samar da albarkatun kasa ya zama burbushin ba. Dukkanin bioplastics masu ɗorewa, kamar su Bio-PET ko [[polyethylene]]" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Biopolyethylene">biopolyethylene (masu kama da polyethylene terephthalate da polyethylene na burbushin halittu), da bioplastics mai lalacewa, kamar Polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, ko polyhydroxyalkanoates, sun wanzu. Bioplastics dole ne a sake amfani dasu kamar filastik na burbushin halittu don kauce wa gurɓata filastik; "sauka-in" bioplastics (kamar biopolyethylene) ya dace da kogunan sake amfani da yanzu. A gefe guda, sake amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kogunan sake amfani na yanzu yana haifar da ƙarin ƙalubale, saboda yana iya haɓaka farashin rarrabawa da rage amfanin gona da ingancin sake amfani. Koyaya, biodegradation ba shine kawai hanyar da aka yarda da ita ba don maganin halittu mai lalacewa, kuma sake amfani da inji da sinadarai galibi shine zaɓi da aka fi so daga ra'ayin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredi |first=Giulia |last2=Dorigato |first2=Andrea |date=2021-07-01 |title=Recycling of bioplastic waste: A review |journal=Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=159–177 |doi=10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.006 |s2cid=237852939 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Biodegradability na iya bada hanyar ƙarshen rayuwa a wasu aikace-aikace, kamar su mulch na noma, amma manufar biodegradation ba ta da sauƙi kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani. Samun yiwuwar biodegradation ya dogara sosai da tsarin kashin sinadarai na polymer, kuma bioplastics daban-daban suna da tsari daban-daban, don haka ba za'a iya ɗauka cewa bioplastic a cikin muhalli zai rushe cikin sauƙi ba. Hakanan, ana iya haɗa filastik masu narkewa daga man fetur.<ref name=":5"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioplastics (PLA) - World Centric |url=http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309234733/http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-date=2019-03-09 |access-date=2018-07-15 |website=worldcentric.org}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2018, bioplastics ya wakilci kusan 2% na fitar da filastik na duniya (> tan miliyan 380). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chinthapalli |first=Raj |last2=Skoczinski |first2=Pia |last3=Carus |first3=Michael |last4=Baltus |first4=Wolfgang |last5=de Guzman |first5=Doris |last6=Käb |first6=Harald |last7=Raschka |first7=Achim |last8=Ravenstijn |first8=Jan |date=2019-08-01 |title=Biobased Building Blocks and Polymers—Global Capacities, Production and Trends, 2018–2023 |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |journal=Industrial Biotechnology |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=237–241 |doi=10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |issn=1550-9087 |s2cid=202017074}}</ref> Tare da cigaba da bincike kan bioplastics, saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin bioplastic da haɓaka bincike kan filastik na burbushin burbushin halittu, bioplastics suna zama mafi rinjaye a wasu kasuwanni, yayin da fitar da filastik burbushin kuma ke ƙaruwa a hankali. == Ma'anar IUPAC == Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Pure da Applied Chemistry ta bayyana polymer mai laushi kamar haka: {{Reflist|2}} == Aikace-aikacen da aka gabatar == [[Fayil:Bio-K_Abfallbeutel_Kompostbeutel_CG.jpg|thumb|Kayayyakin akwatin da akayi daga bioplastics da sauran filastik masu lalacewa]] Akwai aikace-aikacen kasuwanci kaɗan don bioplastics. Farashi da aiki sun kasance matsala. Misali na Italiya ne, inda jakunkunan filastik masu lalacewa suka zama tilas ga masu siye tun daga 2011 tare da gabatar da takamaiman doka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consiglio dei Ministri conferma la messa al bando dei sacchetti di plastica non biodegradabili - Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare |url=http://www.minambiente.it/comunicati/consiglio-dei-ministri-conferma-la-messa-al-bando-dei-sacchetti-di-plastica-non |website=minambiente.it}}</ref> Baya ga kayan tsari, ana haɓaka bioplastics na lantarki wanda ke alkawarin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suszkiw |first=Jan |date=December 2005 |title=Electroactive Bioplastics Flex Their Industrial Muscle |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec05/plastic1205.htm |access-date=2011-11-28 |website=News & Events |publisher=[[USDA]] Agricultural Research Service}}</ref> Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don abubuwan da za'a iya zubar dasu, kamar marufi, kayan kwalliya, tukwane, kwano, da kara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=G. |last2=Patel |first2=M. |year=2012 |title=Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: P technical and environmental review |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=112 |issue=4 |pages=2082–2099 |doi=10.1021/cr200162d |pmid=22188473}}</ref> Biopolymers suna samuwa a matsayin murfin takarda maimakon murfin man fetur na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khwaldia |first=Khaoula |last2=Elmira Arab-Tehrany |last3=Stephane Desobry |year=2010 |title=Biopolymer Coatings on Paper Packaging Materials |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=82–91 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00095.x |pmid=33467805 |doi-access=}}</ref> Bioplastics da ake kira drop-in bioplastics suna da sunadarai iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu amma anyi sune daga albarkatun sabuntawa. Misalan sun hada da [[bio-PE]], [[bio-PET]], [[Propylene|bio-propylene]], [[bio-PP]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> da kuma biobased nylons. <ref>[https://www.wur.nl/nl/Onderzoek-Resultaten/Onderzoeksinstituten/food-biobased-research/Oplossingen/Duurzame-bioplastics-op-basis-van-hernieuwbare-grondstoffen.htm Duurzame bioplastics op basis van hernieuwbare grondstoffen]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |title=What are bioplastics? |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605220227/http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Drop in bioplastics2">[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/08/28/drop-ins-bioplastics/ Drop in bioplastics]</ref> Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin bioplastics da ke cikin fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> Hanyar da aka keɓe ta hanyar rayuwa tana ba da damar samar da samfuran da baza'a iya samun su bata hanyar halayen sunadarai na gargajiya kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar samfuran dake da halaye na musamman da mafi girma, idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da suka dace da burbushin halittu.<ref name="Drop in bioplastics2" /> == Nau'o'in == === Polysaccharide-based bioplastics === ==== Gilashin da aka samo asali ==== [[Fayil:Stärke-Packstoff_Pömpel_CG.jpg|thumb|Ruwan kwalliya da akayi daga bioplastics (thermoplastic starch) ]] Thermoplastic starch yana wakiltar mafi yawan amfani da bioplastic, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na kasuwar bioplastics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of Bioplastic {{!}} InnovativeIndustry.net |url=http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409192929/http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |url-status=dead }}</ref> Za'a iya yin fim din bioplastic mai sauƙi a gida ta hanyar gelatinizing starch da kuma Maganin gyare-gyare.<ref>[http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-Potato-Plastic!/ Make Potato Plastic!]. Instructables.com (2007-07-26). Retrieved 2011-08-14.</ref> Tsarkake starch yana iya shan [[danshi]], kuma saboda haka kayan da suka dace don samar da magungunan magunguna ta bangaren magunguna. Koyaya, tsattsarkan kwayoyin halitta masu tsabta suna da rauni. Plasticizer irin su glycerol, glycol, da sorbitol kuma ana iya ƙara su don a iya sarrafa starch ta hanyar thermo-plastically.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Xie |first2=Fengwei |last3=Yu |first3=Long |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |last5=Li |first5=Lin |date=2009-12-01 |title=Thermal processing of starch-based polymers |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670009000653 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |language=en |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1348–1368 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.07.001 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> Ana iya daidaita halaye na sakamakon bioplastic (wanda ake kira "thermoplastic starch") don takamaiman buƙatu ta hanyar daidaita adadin waɗannan abubuwan. Ana iya amfani da dabarun sarrafa polymer na al'ada don aiwatar da starch a cikin bioplastic, kamar extrusion, injection molding, matsa lamba molding da kuma warwarewa simintin.<ref name=":1" /> Abubuwan dake tattare da starch bioplastic suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar amylose / amylopectin ratio. Gabaɗaya, starch mai ƙarfi yana haifar da kyawawan halaye na inji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Ming |last2=Liu |first2=Peng |last3=Zou |first3=Wei |last4=Yu |first4=Long |last5=Xie |first5=Fengwei |last6=Pu |first6=Huayin |last7=Liu |first7=Hongshen |last8=Chen |first8=Ling |date=2011-09-01 |title=Extrusion processing and characterization of edible starch films with different amylose contents |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877411002196 |journal=Journal of Food Engineering |language=en |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=95–101 |doi=10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.021 |issn=0260-8774}}</ref> Koyaya, starch mai girma yana da ƙarancin sarrafawa saboda yawan zafin jiki na gelatinization da ƙaranci mai narkewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Xie |first3=Fengwei |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |date=2006-08-15 |title=Gelatinization of cornstarch with different amylose/amylopectin content |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861706000506 |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |language=en |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=357–363 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.026 |issn=0144-8617 |s2cid=85239192}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Su |first3=Bing |last4=Liu |first4=Peng |last5=Wang |first5=Jun |last6=Liu |first6=Hongshen |last7=Chen |first7=Ling |date=2009-05-01 |title=Rheological properties of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521009000083 |journal=Journal of Cereal Science |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=371–377 |doi=10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.002 |issn=0733-5210}}</ref> Sau dayawa ana haɗa kwayoyin halitta na Starch tare da polyesters masu lalacewa don samar da starch / polylactic acid, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Saud |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Meng |first3=Linghan |last4=Liu |first4=Hongsheng |last5=Ali |first5=Amjad |last6=Chen |first6=Ling |year=2017 |title=Poly(lactic acid)/starch composites: Effect of microstructure and morphology of starch granules on performance |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=134 |issue=46 |page=45504 |doi=10.1002/app.45504}}</ref> starch / polykrolactone <ref>{{Cite web |title=Starch based Bioplastic Manufacturers and Suppliers |url=http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814061041/http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |website=bioplasticsonline.net}}</ref> ko starch / Ecoflex <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Lilli Manolis |date=1 July 2008 |title=Enhancing biopolymers: additives are needed for toughness, heat resistance & processability. |url=https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417023038/https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |archive-date=17 April 2016 |website=Plastics Technology}}</ref> (polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate wanda BASF <ref>{{Cite web |title=BASF announces major bioplastics production expansion |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122532/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ya samar). Ana amfani da waɗannan cakuda don aikace-aikacen masana'antu kuma ana iya yin compostable. Sauran masu samarwa, kamar Roquette, sun haɓaka wasu cakuda starch / polyolefin. Wadannan cakuda ba su da biodegradable, amma suna da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da filastik na man fetur da akayi amfani da su don aikace-aikace iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roquette, nouvel acteur sur le marché des plastiques, lance GAÏALENE®: une gamme innovante de plastique végétal |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122551/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> Starch yana da arha, mai yawa, kuma mai sabuntawa. Fim din da aka samo asali (wanda akafi amfani dashi don dalilai na marufi) galibi ana yin su ne daga starch da aka gauraya da polyesters na thermoplastic don samar da kayayyakin biodegradable da compostable. Ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai musamman a cikin kayan masarufi na mujallu da fina-ffinai. A cikin Kunshin abinci, ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai a matsayin burodi ko jakar 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu. Ana amfani da jaka masu hadawa tare da wannan fina-finai a cikin zaɓaɓɓen tattara sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da fina-finai na starch a matsayin takarda.<ref name="StarchPlasticsPaperUsda">{{Cite web |last=Avant |first=Sandra |date=April 2017 |title=Better Paper, Plastics With Starch |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214152835/https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-date=2018-12-14 |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=USDA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cate |first=Peter |date=January 2017 |title=Collaboration delivers better results |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=51–54 |doi=10.1016/j.repl.2016.09.002 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> An yi nazarin nanocomposites na Starch-based a ko'ina, suna nuna ingantaccen kayan aikin inji, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, juriya na danshi, da kuma kayan shingen gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Pollet |first2=Eric |last3=Halley |first3=Peter J. |last4=Avérous |first4=Luc |date=2013-10-01 |title=Starch-based nano-biocomposites |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670013000439 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |series=Progress in Bionanocomposites: from green plastics to biomedical applications |language=en |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1590–1628 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.002 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> ==== Gilashin dake dauke da cellulose ==== [[Fayil:Bio-K_Blister_CG.jpg|thumb|Blisin kunshe-kunshe da akayi da cellulose acetate, bioplastic]] Cellulose bioplastics galibi sune cellulose esters (ciki har da cellulose acetate da nitrocellulose) da abubuwan da suka samo asali, gami da celluloid. Cellulose na iya zama thermoplastic lokacin da aka canza shi sosai. Misali na wannan shine cellulose acetate, wanda yake da tsada sabili da haka ba'a amfani dashi don marufi. Koyaya, fiber na cellulosic da aka kara zuwa starches na iya inganta kaddarorin inji, permeability ga gas, da juriya na ruwa saboda kasancewa ƙasa da hydrophilic fiye da starch. Wata kungiya a Jami'ar Shanghai ta sami damar gina sabon filastik mai kore wanda ya dogara da cellulose ta hanyar hanyar da ake kira matsin zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=Na |last2=Hou |first2=Xingshuang |last3=Chen |first3=Li |last4=Cui |first4=Siqi |last5=Shi |first5=Liyi |last6=Ding |first6=Peng |date=2017-05-16 |title=A Green Plastic Constructed from Cellulose and Functionalized Graphene with High Thermal Conductivity |journal=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |volume=9 |issue=21 |pages=17914–17922 |doi=10.1021/acsami.7b02675 |issn=1944-8244 |pmid=28467836}}</ref> === Gilashin dake da tushen furotin === [[Fayil:Edible_packaging_film.jpg|thumb|Cigaban fim din casein mai cin abinci a USDA <ref>{{Cite journal |last=OBrien |date=February 2018 |title=That's a Wrap: Edible Food Wraps from ARS |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2018/feb/wraps/#printdiv |journal=USDA Agricultural Research |page=22 |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>]] Bioplastics za'a iyayin su daga sunadarai daga tushe daban-daban. Misali, gluten na alkama da casein suna nuna kyawawan halaye a matsayin albarkatun kasa don polymers daban-daban masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=J. H. |last2=Murphy |first2=R. J. |last3=Narayan |first3=R. |last4=Davies |first4=G. B. H. |date=2009-07-27 |title=Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=364 |issue=1526 |pages=2127–2139 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0289 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=2873018 |pmid=19528060}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar furotin soya a matsayin wani tushen bioplastic. Anyi amfani da sunadarai na soya a cikin samar da filastik sama da shekaru ɗari. Misali, bangarorin jiki na motar Ford ta asali anyi su ne da filastik na soya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ralston |first=Brian E. |last2=Osswald |first2=Tim A. |date=February 2008 |title=The History of Tomorrow's Materials: Protein-Based Biopolymers |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=36–40 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2008.tb00292.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref> Akwai matsaloli tare da amfani da filastik na soya mai gina jiki saboda ƙarancin ruwa da tsada mai yawa. Sabili da haka, samar da cakuda furotin soya tare da wasu polyesters masu lalacewa da suka riga sun kasance yana inganta ƙwarewar ruwa da tsada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Jinwen |last2=Jiang |first2=Long |last3=Zhu |first3=Linyong |last4=Jane |first4=Jay-lin |last5=Mungara |first5=Perminus |date=May 2006 |title=Morphology and Properties of Soy Protein and Polylactide Blends |url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/fshn_ag_pubs/108 |journal=Biomacromolecules |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=1551–1561 |doi=10.1021/bm050888p |issn=1525-7797 |pmid=16677038}}</ref> === Wasu polyesters na aliphatic === Aliphatic biopolyesters galibi polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) ne kamar poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydrexyvalerate (PHV) da polyhydроxyhexanoate (PHH). ==== Polylactic acid (PLA) ==== [[Fayil:Mulch_Film_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|left|thumb|Fim din Mulch da aka yi da Polylactic acid (PLA) -blend bio-flex]] Polylactic acid (PLA) filastik ne mai haske wanda aka samar daga [[masara]] <ref name="smithsonianmag.com">{{Cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/plastic.html |website=smithsonianmag.com}}</ref> ko dextrose . A saman, yana kama da filastik na al'ada na petrochemical kamar PS. An samo shine daga tsire-tsire, kuma yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu. Abin takaici, yana nuna ƙarfin tasirin ƙasa, ƙarfin zafi, da kuma abubuwan shingen (toshe jigilar iska a fadin membrane) idan aka kwatanta da filastik marasa lalacewa. Haɗuwa da PLA yawanci suna zuwa a cikin nau'ikan granulates. Ana amfani da PLA a kan iyakantaccen sikelin don samar da fina-finai, fiber, kwantena na filastik, kofuna, da kwalabe. PLA kuma shine mafi yawan nau'in filastik da akayi amfani dashi don yin samfurin igiya a cikin na'urorin bugawa na 3D. ==== Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate ==== biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) polyester ne wanda wasu kwayoyin cuta ke samar da glucose, starch na masara <ref name="bioplastic-innovation.com">{{Cite web |title=Mirel: PHAs grades for Rigid Sheet and Thermoforming |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122556/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ko ruwa mai guba. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Micromidas is using carefully constructed populations of bacteria to convert organic waste into bio-degradable plastics. |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023230713/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-date=October 23, 2011}}</ref> Halayensa suna kama da na polypropylene (PP). Fitar da PHB yana ƙaruwa. Masana'antar [[sukari]] ta [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], alal misali, ta yanke shawarar fadada samar da PHB zuwa sikelin masana'antu. PHB ya bambanta da farko ta hanyar halaye na jiki. Ana iya sarrafa shi a cikin fim mai haske tare da narkewa sama da digiri 130 na Celsius, kuma yana iya lalacewa batare da raguwa ba. === Polyhydroxyalkanoates === Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) sune polyesters na layi wanda aka samar a cikin yanayi ta hanyar fermentation na [[sukari]] ko lipids. Kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da su don adana carbon da makamashi. A cikin samar da masana'antu, ana cire polyester kuma an tsarkake shi daga ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar inganta yanayin fermentation na sukari. Fiye da 150 daban-daban monomers za'a iya haɗawa a cikin wannan iyali don ba da kayan dake da kyawawan halaye daban-daban. PHA yafi ductile kuma bashi da ƙarfi fiye da sauran filastik, kuma yana da biodegradable. Ana amfani da waɗannan filastik a masana'antar kiwon lafiya. === Kashewa 11 === PA 11 wani abu ne wanda aka samo daga man fetur. An kuma san shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Rilsan B, wanda Arkema ke kasuwanci. PA 11 na cikin dangin polymers na fasaha kuma ba biodegradable ba ne. Abubuwan dake ciki suna kama da na PA 12, kodayake ana rage hayaki na iskar gas da amfani da albarkatun da baza'a iya sabuntawa ba yayin samar da shi. Har ila yau, juriya ta zafi ta fi ta PA 12. Ana amfani dashi a cikin aikace-aikace masu inganci kamar layin man fetur na mota, bututun iska na pneumatic, bututun kebul na lantarki, bututun mai da gas mai sassauƙa, bututun ruwa na sarrafawa, takalma na wasanni, kayan aikin lantarki, da catheters. Irin wannan filastik shine Polyamide 410 (PA 410), wanda aka samo kashi 70% daga man castor, a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci EcoPaXX, wanda DSM ke kasuwanci.<ref name="EcoPaXX">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.dsm.com/en_US/cworld/public/media/pages/press-releases/19_10_dsm_launches_bio_based_performance_materials_for_automotive_industry.jsp |website=dsm.com}}</ref>PA 410 babban polyamide ne wanda ya haɗu da fa'idodin babban narkewa (kimanin 250 °C), ƙarancin danshi da kyakkyawan juriya ga abubuwa masu sinadarai daban-daban.&nbsp; === Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta === {{Plastics}}Tsarin gini na asali (monomer) na [[polyethylene]] shine ethylene . Ethylene yana da kama da, kuma ana iya samo shi daga ethanol, wanda za'a iya samar dashi ta hanyar fermentation na kayan aikin gona kamar sukari ko masara. Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta yana da kama da polyethylene na gargajiya - ba ya lalacewa amma ana iya sake amfani dashi. &nbsp;Kungiyar sunadarai ta Brazil tayi iƙirarin cewa ta amfani da hanyar samar da polyethylene daga sukari ethanol kamawa (yana cirewa daga muhalli) tan 2.15 na CO a kowace tan na Green Polyethylene da aka samar === Abinci da aka canza ta hanyar kwayar halitta === Tare da masara na GM kasancewa abinci na yau da kullun, ba abin mamaki bane cewa anyi wasu kwayoyin halitta daga wannan. A karkashin fasahar masana'antar bioplastics akwai samfurin "masana'antar shuka", wanda ke amfani da amfanin gona da aka canza kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta don inganta inganci. === Polyhydroxyurethanes === Rashin polyamines da cyclic carbonates suna samar da polyhydroxyurethanes . <ref name="From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes">{{Cite journal |last=Nohra |first=Bassam |last2=Laure Candy |last3=Jean-Francois Blanco |last4=Celine Guerin |last5=Yann Raoul |last6=Zephirin Mouloungui |year=2013 |title=From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes |url=https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |journal=Macromolecules |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=3771–3792 |bibcode=2013MaMol..46.3771N |doi=10.1021/ma400197c |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918232716/https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba kamar polyurethanes da aka haɗa da giciye ba, polyhydroxyurethanes dake da alaƙa da giciye suna da ka'ida mai sauƙi ga sake amfani da sake sarrafawa ta hanyar halayen transcarbamoylation.<ref name="Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers">{{Cite journal |last=Fortman |first=David J. |last2=Jacob P. Brutman |last3=[[Christopher J. Cramer]] |last4=Marc A. Hillmyer |last5=William R. Dichtel |year=2015 |title=Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=137 |issue=44 |pages=14019–14022 |doi=10.1021/jacs.5b08084 |pmid=26495769 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Polymers da aka samo daga lipid === An kirkiro nau'ikan bioplastic dayawa daga kitse da mai da aka samo daga shuka da dabba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |last2=Metzger |first2=Jürgen O. |last3=Schubert |first3=Ulrich S. |date=2007-10-02 |title=Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer science |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1788–802 |doi=10.1039/b703294c |issn=1460-4744 |pmid=18213986}}</ref> Polyurethanes, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Floros |first=Michael |last2=Hojabri |first2=Leila |last3=Abraham |first3=Eldho |last4=Jose |first4=Jesmy |last5=Thomas |first5=Sabu |last6=Pothan |first6=Laly |last7=Leao |first7=Alcides Lopes |last8=Narine |first8=Suresh |year=2012 |title=Enhancement of thermal stability, strength and extensibility of lipid-based polyurethanes with cellulose-based nanofibers |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=1970–1978 |doi=10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.02.016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pillai |first=Prasanth K. S. |last2=Floros |first2=Michael C. |last3=Narine |first3=Suresh S. |date=2017-07-03 |title=Elastomers from Renewable Metathesized Palm Oil Polyols |journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=5793–5799 |doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00517}}</ref> polyesters, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Can |first=E. |last2=Küsefoğlu |first2=S. |last3=Wool |first3=R. P. |date=2001-07-05 |title=Rigid, thermosetting liquid molding resins from renewable resources. I. Synthesis and polymerization of soy oil monoglyceride maleates |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=69–77 |doi=10.1002/app.1414 |issn=1097-4628}}</ref> epoxy resins <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stemmelen |first=M. |last2=Pessel |first2=F. |last3=Lapinte |first3=V. |last4=Caillol |first4=S. |last5=Habas |first5=J.-P. |last6=Robin |first6=J.-J. |date=2011-06-01 |title=A fully biobased epoxy resin from vegetable oils: From the synthesis of the precursors by thiol-ene reaction to the study of the final material |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587993/file/JPOLSCI.pdf |journal=Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry |volume=49 |issue=11 |pages=2434–2444 |bibcode=2011JPoSA..49.2434S |doi=10.1002/pola.24674 |issn=1099-0518 |s2cid=78089334}}</ref> da wasu nau'ikan polymers an haɓaka su tare da kwatankwacin kaddarorin kayan mai. Cigaban da aka samu kwanan nan na olefin metathesis ya buɗe nau'ikan abinci iri-iri zuwa sauya tattalin arziki zuwa biomonomers da polymers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |date=2009-07-21 |title=Metathesis with Oleochemicals: New Approaches for the Utilization of Plant Oils as Renewable Resources in Polymer Science |journal=Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics |volume=210 |issue=13–14 |pages=1073–1079 |doi=10.1002/macp.200900168 |issn=1521-3935 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tare da karuwar samar da man kayan lambu na gargajiya da kuma man fetur da aka samo daga microalgae mai arha, akwai babbar damar ci gaba a wannan yanki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mata |first=Teresa M. |last2=Martins |first2=António A. |last3=Caetano |first3=Nidia. S. |year=2010 |title=Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=217–232 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 |s2cid=15481966 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tasirin muhalli == [[Fayil:Bottle_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde.JPG|thumb|Gilashin da aka yi da cellulose acetate biograde]] Ana amfani da kayan aiki irin su starch, cellulose, itace, sukari da biomass a matsayin maye gurbin albarkatun man fetur don samar da bioplastics; wannan ya sa samar da bioplatics ya zama aiki mai ɗorewa idan aka kwatanta da samar da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sau dayawa ana muhawara game da tasirin muhalli na bioplastics, saboda akwai ma'auni daban-daban don "kore" (misali, amfani da ruwa, amfani da makamashi, sare daji, biodegradation, da dai sauransu). <ref>Yates, Madeleine R., and Claire Y. Barlow. "Life Cycle Assessments of Biodegradable, Commercial Biopolymers - A Critical Review." Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 78, Elsevier B.V., 2013, pp. 54–66, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.06.010.</ref> <ref name="BiodegradableEnvironmentalImpactAxion">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2018 |title=Are biodegradable plastics better for the environment? |url=https://axiongroup.co.uk/news/biodegradable-plastics-better-environment/ |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=Axion}}</ref><ref name="BiodegradableImpactMiles">{{Cite web |last=Miles |first=Lindsay |date=22 March 2018 |title=Biodegradable Plastic: Is It Really Eco-Friendly? |url=https://treadingmyownpath.com/2018/03/22/biodegradable-plastic-is-it-really-eco-friendly/ |access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> Saboda haka tasirin muhalli na bioplastic ana rarraba shi cikin amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa, canjin yanayi, eutrophication da acid.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Samar da kwayoyin halitta yana rage fitar da iskar gas kuma yana rage amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Kamfanoni a duk duniya zasu iya kara dorewar muhalli na samfuran su ta hanyar amfani da bioplastics <ref>Brockhaus, Sebastian, et al. "A Crossroads for Bioplastics: Exploring Product Developers' Challenges to Move beyond Petroleum-Based Plastics." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 127, Elsevier Ltd, 2016, pp. 84–95, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.003. </ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna adana karin makamashi wanda baza'a iya sabuntawa ba fiye da filastik na al'ada kuma suna fitar da ƙananan iskar gas idan aka kwatanta da filastic na al'adu, bioplastics suma suna da mummunan tasirin muhalli kamar eutrophication da acidization.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Bioplastics suna haifar da mafi girman yiwuwar eutrophication fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Samar da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin ayyukan noma na masana'antu yana haifar da nitrate da phosphate don tacewa cikin jikin ruwa; wannan yana haifar da eutrophication, tsarin da jiki na ruwa ke samun wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Eutrophication barazana ce ga albarkatun ruwa a duniya tun lokacin da yake haifar da fure mai cutarwa wanda ke haifar da wuraren da suka mutu na oxygen, yana kashe dabbobin ruwa.<ref>Sinha, E., et al. "Eutrophication Will Increase during the 21st Century as a Result of Precipitation Changes." Science, vol. 357, no. July, 2017, pp. 405–08.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna kara yawan acid.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Babban karuwa a cikin eutrophication da acidisation wanda bioplastics ya haifar ya haifar da amfani da taki na sinadarai a cikin noman albarkatun kasa masu sabuntawa don samar da bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sauran tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam da na ƙasa da kuma yiwuwar cutar kansa idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Koyaya, bioplastics suna yin amfani da mafi girman ecotoxicity na ruwa fiye da kayan al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Bioplastics da sauran kayan da suka danganci halittu suna kara raguwar ozone na stratospheric idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada; wannan shine sakamakon fitar da nitrous oxide yayin aikace-aikacen taki yayin aikin gona na masana'antu don samar da biomass.<ref name="Weis et al" /> takin zamani yana ƙara hayakin nitrous oxide musamman lokacin da amfanin gona ba ya buƙatar duk nitrogen.<ref>Rosas, Francisco, et al. "Nitrous Oxide Emission Reductions from Cutting Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications." Climatic Change, vol. 132, no. 2, 2015, pp. 353–67, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1426-y.</ref> Ƙananan tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da guba ta hanyar amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan amfanin gona da akayi amfani dasu don yin bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna haifar da hayakin carbon dioxide daga motocin girbi.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Sauran ƙananan tasirin muhalli sun haɗa da yawan amfani da ruwa don noma, rushewar ƙasa, asarar carbon na ƙasa da asarar halittu masu yawa, kuma galibi sakamakon amfani da ƙasa ne da ke da alaƙa da bioplastics.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Amfani da ƙasa don samar da kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da ɓacewar carbon kuma yana ƙara farashin carbon yayin karkatar da ƙasa daga amfanin dake akwai <ref>Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Land-Use Change Emissions: How Green Are the Bioplastics?" Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, 2010, pp. 685–691, doi:10.1002/ep.10518.</ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna da fa'ida sosai saboda suna rage amfani da baza'a iya sabuntawa bada kuma fitar da GHG, suna kuma shafar muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa da ruwa, ta amfani da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da taki, eutrophication da acidization; saboda haka fifiko na mutum ga ko dai bioplastics ko filastik na al'ada ya dogara da abinda mutum ya ɗauka mafi mahimmancin tasirin muhalli.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Wani batu tare da bioplastics, shine cewa wasu bioplastics ana yin su ne daga sassan amfanin gona masu cin abinci. Wannan yana sa bioplastics su yi gasa da samar da abinci saboda amfanin gona da ke samar da bioplastics ana iya amfani da su don ciyar da mutane.<ref name="Cho">{{Cite web |last=Cho |first=Renee |title=The truth about bioplastics |url=https://phys.org/news/2017-12-truth-bioplastics.html |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan bioplastics ana kiransu "1st generation feedstock bioplastics".Bioplastics na ƙarni na 2 suna amfani da amfanin gona wanda ba abinci ba (abinci na cellulosic) ko kayan sharar gida daga kayan shararru na ƙarni 1 (misali man kayan lambu). Bioplastics na ƙarni na uku suna amfani da algae a matsayin kayan abinci.<ref>[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/09/12/bioplastic-feedstock-1st-2nd-and-3rd-generations/ Bioplastic Feedstock 1st, 2nd and 3rd Generations]</ref> === Biodegradation na Bioplastics === {{Packaging}} [[Fayil:Air_Pillow_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Kunshin matashin iska da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] Biodegradation na kowane filastik tsari ne wanda ke faruwa a tsayayyen / ruwa inda enzymes a cikin ruwa suka lalata tsayayyen.<ref>Degli-Innocenti, Francesco. "Biodegradation of Plastics and Ecotoxicity Testing: When Should It Be Done." Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 5, no. SEP, 2014, pp. 1–3, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00475.</ref> Wasu nau'ikan bioplastics da filastik na al'ada dake dauke da kari suna iya lalacewa.<ref>Gómez, Eddie F., and Frederick C. Michel. "Biodegradability of Conventional and Bio-Based Plastics and Natural Fiber Composites during Composting, Anaerobic Digestion and Long-Term Soil Incubation." Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 98, no. 12, 2013, pp. 2583–2591., doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.018.</ref> Bioplastics suna iya lalacewa a cikin mahalli daban-daban saboda haka sunfi karɓa fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Emadian et al">Emadian, S. Mehdi, et al. "Biodegradation of Bioplastics in Natural Environments." Waste Management, vol. 59, Elsevier Ltd, 2017, pp. 526–36, doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.006.</ref> Biodegradability na bioplastics yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli ciki har da ƙasa, yanayin ruwa da takin mai.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Dukkanin tsari da abun dake ciki na biopolymer ko bio-composite suna da tasiri a kan tsarin biodegradation, saboda haka canza abun da ke cikinsa da tsari na iya kara biodegradability.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Ƙasa da takin mai a matsayin yanayin muhalli sunfi dacewa a cikin biodegradation saboda yawan bambancin microbial.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Compoosting ba wai kawai biodegrades bioplastics yadda ya kamata ba amma kuma yana rage fitar da iskar gas.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Biodegradability na bioplastics a cikin mahalli mai narkewa za a iya inganta ta hanyar ƙara karin sukari mai narkewar da kara yawan zafin jiki.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Yanayin ƙasa a gefe guda suna da babban bambancin microorganisms wanda ke sauƙaƙa lalacewar bioplastics.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Koyaya, bioplastics a cikin yanayin ƙasa suna buƙatar yanayin zafi mafi girma da kuma lokaci mai tsawo don biodegrade.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Wasu kwayoyin halitta sun lalace yadda ya kamata a cikin ruwa da tsarin ruwa; duk da haka, wannan yana haifar da haɗari ga yanayin halittu na ruwa da ruwa mai laushi.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Saboda haka daidai ne a kammala cewa biodegradation na bioplastics a cikin ruwa jiki wanda ke haifar da mutuwar ruwa da ruwa mara lafiya ana iya lura da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mummunar tasirin muhalli na bioplastic. == Bioplastics don kayan gini == Ma'anar bioplastics ta samo asali ne daga farkon karni na 20. Koyaya, gagarumin cigaba yafaru a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 lokacin da masu bincike suka fara haɓaka filastik masu narkewa daga tushen halitta. Masana'antar gine-gine ta fara lura da yiwuwar bioplastics a ƙarshen 2000s, wanda aka motsa ta hanyar turawa ta duniya don ayyukan gine-gine masu kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bioplastics sun ga ci gaba mai yawa dangane da dorewa, tsada-tasiri, da aiki. Sabbin abubuwa a cikin cakuda biopolymer da sinadarai sun sanya bioplastics sunfi dacewa da aikace-aikacen gini, daga rufi zuwa kayan aikin tsari. === Aikace-aikacen A Ginin === ; Rufewa : Ana iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar kayan kariya masu inganci da muhalli. Polylactic acid (PLA) da polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ana amfani da su don wannan dalili saboda yanayin zafi da biodegradability.<ref>https://www.ecbf.vc/biodegradable-bioplastics</ref> ; Gidauniyar ƙasa : Abubuwan dake tattare da halittu, kamar waɗanda aka yi daga PLA da fiber na halitta, suna bada madaidaiciya da ɗorewa ga kayan ado na gargajiya. Suna da daraja musamman saboda ƙananan sawun carbon da sake amfani dasu. ; Panels da Rufewa : Binciken Bioplastic, wanda akayi daga cakuda fiber na halitta da biopolymers, suna bada zaɓi mai kyau don rufe bango da rarraba. Wadannan kayan suna da sauƙi, masu ɗorewa, kuma ana iya tsara su don kwaikwayon kayan gargajiya kamar itace ko dutse. ; Ayyuka : Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsari don simintin simintin. Suna bada fa'idodi dangane da sake amfani, rage nauyi, da rage tasirin muhalli idan aka kwatanta da kayan al'ada.<ref>https://plasticconcreteformwork.com/environmental-benefits-of-plastic-formwork-in-concrete-construction/</ref> ; Ƙarfafawa : Za'a iya amfani da sinadaran Bioplastic da aka ƙarfafa tare da fiber na halitta ko wasu kayan aiki a aikace-aikacen tsari, suna bada madadin mai ɗorewa ga ƙarfe ko fiberglass. === Fa'idodin Bioplastics a cikin Gine-gine Tasirin Muhalli === ; Rage sawun carbon : Bioplastics an samo su ne daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, wanda ke rage sawun carbon na kayan gini. ; Rashin lalacewa : Yawancin bioplastics suna iya lalacewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage sharar gida da gurɓata muhalli a ƙarshen rayuwarsu. ; Ingancin Makamashi : Samar da kwayoyin halitta gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada, ƙara rage tasirin muhalli. === Fa'idodin Tattalin Arziki === ; Kyakkyawan albarkatu : Amfani da bioplastics na iya rage dogaro da man fetur na burbushin halittu kuma yabada gudummawa ga ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun halitta. ; Cigaban Kasuwanci : Kasuwar bioplastics tana fadada, ta hanyar karuwar buƙatun kayan gini masu ɗorewa. Wannan ci gaban yana gabatar da sabbin damar tattalin arziki ga masana'antun da masu samarwa.<ref>https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/bioplastics-market-2274?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block</ref> === Ƙalubalen da Ƙuntatawa === ; Kudin : Bioplastics sau dayawa sunfi tsada don samarwa fiye da filastik na gargajiya, wanda zai iya zama shingen ga yaduwar tallafi a cikin masana'antar gine-gine mai tsada. Koyaya, anasa ran cigaban bincike da fasaha don rage farashin a tsawon lokaci. ; Ayyuka : Duk da yake bioplastics sunyi gagarumin cigaba, wasu nau'ikan har yanzu suna bayan kayan gargajiya dangane da ƙarfi, tsayi, da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar bayyanar UV da danshi.<ref>https://primebiopol.com/bioplasticos-y-plasticos-convencionales-un-analisis-comparativo/?lang=en</ref> ; Ƙayyadaddun Aikace-aikace : A halin yanzu, bioplastics sun dace da iyakantaccen aikace-aikace a cikin gini. fadada amfani dasu zuwa matsayi mai mahimmanci zai buƙaci cigaba da gwaji. === Abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba === Makomar bioplastics a cikin gini tana da kyau, tare da cigaba da bincike da kirkire-kirkire masu yiwuwa su faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen su da inganta ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213339/https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda masana'antar gine-gine ke karuwa da dorewa, bioplastics suna shirye su taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban kayan gini masu aminci.<ref>https://itechmag.org/paper/volume%201/03-08.pdf</ref> Bioplastics suna bada zaɓi mai ɗorewa da amfani ga kayan gini na gargajiya, tare da fa'idodin muhalli da tattalin arziki. Duk da yake ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman dangane da farashi da aiki, cigaban dake gudana a cikin fasahar bioplastic <ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1158/1/012008/pdf</ref> yana da damar canza masana'antar gine-gine da kuma bada gudummawa ga makomar da tafi dacewa. == Masana'antu da kasuwanni == [[Fayil:Teebeutel_Polylactid_2009.jpg|thumb|Takalma na shayi da akayi da polylactide (PLA) (sha'irori) ]] Duk da yake filastik da suka danganci kayan kwayoyin halitta sun ƙera sune ta kamfanonin sunadarai a cikin karni na 20, kamfanin farko daya mai da hankali kan bioplastics - Marlborough Biopolymers - an kafa shine a 1983. Koyaya, Marlborough da sauran kamfanonin da suka biyo baya sun kasa samun nasarar kasuwanci, tare da irin wannan kamfani na farko don samun nasarar kudi na dogon lokaci shine kamfanin Novamont na Italiya, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Axel |date=5 September 2018 |title=The History and Most Important Innovations of Bioplastics |url=https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/07/05/history-of-bioplastics/ |website=Bioplastics News}}</ref> Bioplastics sun kasance ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na duk filastik da aka ƙera a duk duniya.<ref name="dx.doi.org2">{{Cite journal |date=March 2016 |title=Ready to Grow: The Biodegradable Polymers Market |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2016.tb01489.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Darby |first=Debra |date=August 2012 |title=Bioplastics Industry Report |url=https://www.biocycle.net/2012/08/15/bioplastics-industry-report/ |journal=BioCycle |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=40–44}}</ref> Yawancin bioplastics basu adana karin hayaki na carbon ba fiye da yadda ake buƙata don ƙera su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujnić-Sokele |first=Maja |last2=Pilipović |first2=Ana |date=September 2017 |title=Challenges and Opportunities of Biodegradable Plastics: A Mini Review |journal=Waste Management & Research |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=132–140 |doi=10.1177/0734242x16683272 |pmid=28064843 |s2cid=23782848}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa maye gurbin tan miliyan 250 na filastik da aka ƙera a kowace shekara tare da filastik na rayuwa zai buƙaci hekta miliyan 100 na ƙasa, ko kashi 7 cikin dari na ƙasar noma a Duniya. Kuma lokacin da bioplastics suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu, waɗanda aka tsara don zama compostable kuma ana tallata su azaman biodegradable galibi ana aika su zuwa wuraren zubar da shara saboda rashin kayan aikin composting ko rarraba sharar gida, inda suke saki methane yayin da suke rushewa anaerobically. COPA (Kwamitin Kungiyar Aikin Gona a Tarayyar Turai) da COGEGA (Kwamnatin Aikin Gida a Tarayyen Turai) sunyi kimantawa game da yiwuwar bioplastics a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arzikin Turai: {| class="wikitable" !Yankin ! colspan="2" |Tunanin shekara-shekara |- |Kayayyakin abinci||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|450,000||0.0005}} |- |Takalma na sharar gida||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|100,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable mulch foils||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|130,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable foils for diapers||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|80,000||0.0005}} |- |Diapers, 100% biodegradable||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|240,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kwalliya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kayan lambu||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Abubuwan da ke cikin taya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|200,000||0.0005}} |- !'''Jimillar:''' ! style="text-align:right;" |2,000,000 ! |} == Tarihi da cigaban bioplastics == {{Blockquote|''Biobased polymer'' derived from the ''[[biomass]]'' or issued from monomers derived from the biomass and which, at some stage in its processing into finished products, can be shaped by flow. :''Note 1'': Bioplastic is generally used as the opposite of polymer derived from fossil resources. :''Note 2'': Bioplastic is misleading because it suggests that any polymer derived from the biomass is ''environmentally friendly''. :''Note 3'': The use of the term "bioplastic" is discouraged. Use the expression "biobased polymer". :''Note 4'': A biobased polymer similar to a petrobased one does not imply any superiority with respect to the environment unless the comparison of respective ''life cycle assessments'' is favourable.<ref name="IUPAC2012">{{cite journal|title=Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]]|year=2012|volume=84|issue=2|pages=377–410|doi=10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04|url=http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf|last1=Vert|first1=Michel|s2cid=98107080|access-date=2013-07-17|archive-date=2015-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319032817/http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf}}</ref>}} * 1855: First (inferior) version of linoleum produced * 1862: At the Great London Exhibition, Alexander Parkes displays Parkesine, the first thermoplastic. Parkesine is made from nitrocellulose and had very good properties, but exhibits extreme flammability. (White 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=White |first=J. L. |date=December 1998 |title=Fourth in a Series: Pioneers of Polymer Processing Alexander Parkes |journal=International Polymer Processing |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=326 |doi=10.3139/217.980326 |issn=0930-777X |s2cid=137545344}}</ref> * 1897: Still produced today, Galalith is a milk-based bioplastic that was created by German chemists in 1897. Galalith is primarily found in buttons. (Thielen 2014) * 1907: Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, which received the National Historic Chemical Landmark for its non-conductivity and heat-resistant properties. It is used in radio and telephone casings, kitchenware, firearms and many more products. (Pathak, Sneha, Mathew 2014) * 1912: Brandenberger invents Cellophane out of wood, cotton, or hemp cellulose. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1920s: Wallace Carothers finds Polylactic Acid (PLA) plastic. PLA is incredibly expensive to produce and is not mass-produced until 1989. (Whiteclouds 2018) * 1925: Polyhydroxybutyrate was isolated and characterised by French microbiologist [[Maurice Lemoigne]] * 1926: Maurice Lemoigne invents polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which is the first bioplastic made from bacteria. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1930s: The first bioplastic car was made from soy beans by Henry Ford. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean Car - The Henry Ford |url=https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-resources/popular-topics/soy-bean-car/ |access-date=2020-12-09 |website=www.thehenryford.org |language=en}}</ref> * 1940-1945: During World War II, an increase in plastic production is seen as it is used in many wartime materials. Due to government funding and oversight the United States production of plastics (in general, not just bioplastics) tripled during 1940-1945 (Rogers 2005).<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic">{{Cite web |date=May 2005 |title=A Brief History of Plastic |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2005/05/express/a-brief-history-of-plastic |access-date=2018-09-27 |website=The Brooklyn Rail}}</ref> The 1942 U.S. government short film ''The Tree in a Test Tube'' illustrates the major role bioplastics played in the World War II victory effort and the American economy of the time. * 1950s: Amylomaize (>50% amylose content corn) was successfully bred and commercial bioplastics applications started to be explored. (Liu, Moult, Long, 2009) A decline in bioplastic development is seen due to the cheap oil prices, however the development of synthetic plastics continues. * 1970s: The environmental movement spurred more development in bioplastics. (Rogers 2005)<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic" /> * 1983: The first bioplastics company, Marlborough Biopolymers, is started which uses a bacteria-based bioplastic called {{Not a typo|biopal}}. (Feder 1985)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 1995 |title=New fibre could make stronger parts |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=39 |issue=5 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/0034-3617(95)91746-2 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> * 1989: The further development of PLA is made by Dr. Patrick R. Gruber when he figures out how to create PLA from corn. (Whiteclouds 2018). The leading bioplastic company is created called Novamount. Novamount uses matter-bi, a bioplastic, in multiple different applications. (Novamount 2018) * Late 1990s: The development of TP starch and BIOPLAST from research and production of the company BIOTEC lead to the BIOFLEX film. BIOFLEX film can be classified as blown film extrusion, flat film extrusion, and injection moulding lines. These three classifications have applications as follows: Blown films - sacks, bags, trash bags, mulch foils, hygiene products, diaper films, air bubble films, protective clothing, gloves, double rib bags, labels, barrier ribbons; Flat films - trays, flower pots, freezer products and packaging, cups, pharmaceutical packaging; Injection moulding - disposable cutlery, cans, containers, performed pieces, CD trays, cemetery articles, golf tees, toys, writing materials. (Lorcks 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lörcks |first=Jürgen |date=January 1998 |title=Properties and applications of compostable starch-based plastic material |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=59 |issue=1–3 |pages=245–249 |doi=10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00168-7 |issn=0141-3910}}</ref> * 1992: It is reported in Science that PHB can be produced by the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (Poirier, Dennis, Klomparens, Nawrath, Somerville 1992)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Poirier |first=Yves |last2=Dennis |first2=Douglas |last3=Klomparens |first3=Karen |last4=Nawrath |first4=Christiane |last5=Somerville |first5=Chris |date=December 1992 |title=Perspectives on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in plants |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=103 |issue=2–4 |pages=237–246 |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05843.x |issn=0378-1097 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * 2001: Metabolix inc. purchases Monsanto's biopol business (originally Zeneca) which uses plants to produce bioplastics. (Barber and Fisher 2001)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985-12-02 |title=Monsanto finds buyer for oil and gas assets |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=63 |issue=48 |page=5 |doi=10.1021/cen-v063n048.p005a |issn=0009-2347}}</ref> * 2001: Nick Tucker uses elephant grass as a bioplastic base to make plastic car parts. (Tucker 2001) * 2005: Cargill and Dow Chemicals is rebranded as NatureWorks and becomes the leading PLA producer. (Pennisi 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pennisi |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |date=1992-05-16 |title=Natureworks |journal=Science News |volume=141 |issue=20 |pages=328–331 |doi=10.2307/3976489 |issn=0036-8423 |jstor=3976489}}</ref> * 2007: Metabolix inc. market tests its first 100% biodegradable plastic called Mirel, made from corn sugar fermentation and genetically engineered bacteria. (Digregorio 2009)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DiGregorio |first=Barry E. |date=January 2009 |title=Biobased Performance Bioplastic: Mirel |journal=Chemistry & Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.01.001 |issn=1074-5521 |pmid=19171300 |doi-access=}}</ref> * 2012: A bioplastic is developed from seaweed proving to be one of the most environmentally friendly bioplastics based on research published in the journal of pharmacy research. (Rajendran, Puppala, Sneha, Angeeleena, Rajam 2012) * 2013: A patent is put on bioplastic derived from blood and a crosslinking agent like sugars, proteins, etc. (iridoid derivatives, diimidates, diones, carbodiimides, acrylamides, dimethylsuberimidates, aldehydes, Factor XIII, dihomo bifunctional NHS esters, carbonyldiimide, {{Sic|glyoxyls}}, proanthocyanidin, reuterin). This invention can be applied by using the bioplastic as tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones, and being used in stem cell delivery. (Campbell, Burgess, Weiss, Smith 2013)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 2004 |title=Nanotube technology gains US patent |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=48 |issue=10 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/s0034-3617(04)00461-8 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Phil G. |last2=Burgess |first2=James E. |last3=Weiss |first3=Lee E. |last4=Smith |first4=Jason |date=18 June 2015 |title=Methods and Apparatus for Manufacturing Plasma Based Plastics and Bioplastics Produced Therefrom |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150165093A1/en |language=en}}</ref> * 2014: It is found in a study published in 2014 that bioplastics can be made from blending vegetable waste (parsley and spinach stems, the husks from cocoa, the hulls of rice, etc.) with TFA solutions of pure cellulose creates a bioplastic. (Bayer, Guzman-Puyol, Heredia-Guerrero, Ceseracciu, Pignatelli, Ruffilli, Cingolani, and Athanassiou 2014)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayer |first=Ilker S. |last2=Guzman-Puyol |first2=Susana |last3=Heredia-Guerrero |first3=José Alejandro |last4=Ceseracciu |first4=Luca |last5=Pignatelli |first5=Francesca |last6=Ruffilli |first6=Roberta |last7=Cingolani |first7=Roberto |last8=Athanassiou |first8=Athanassia |date=2014-07-15 |title=Direct Transformation of Edible Vegetable Waste into Bioplastics |url=https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/74866 |journal=Macromolecules |volume=47 |issue=15 |pages=5135–5143 |bibcode=2014MaMol..47.5135B |doi=10.1021/ma5008557 |issn=0024-9297}}</ref> * 2016: An experiment finds that a car bumper that passes regulation can be made from nano-cellulose based bioplastic biomaterials using banana peels. (Hossain, Ibrahim, Aleissa 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharif Hossain |first=A.B.M. |last2=Ibrahim |first2=Nasir A. |last3=AlEissa |first3=Mohammed Saad |date=September 2016 |title=Nano-cellulose derived bioplastic biomaterial data for vehicle bio-bumper from banana peel waste biomass |journal=Data in Brief |volume=8 |pages=286–294 |doi=10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.029 |issn=2352-3409 |pmc=4906129 |pmid=27331103}}</ref> * 2017: A new proposal for bioplastics made from Lignocellulosics resources (dry plant matter). (Brodin, Malin, Vallejos, Opedal, Area, Chinga-Carrasco 2017)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brodin |first=Malin |last2=Vallejos |first2=María |last3=Opedal |first3=Mihaela Tanase |last4=Area |first4=María Cristina |last5=Chinga-Carrasco |first5=Gary |date=September 2017 |title=Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics – A review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=162 |pages=646–664 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.209 |issn=0959-6526 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> * 2018: Many developments occur including Ikea starting industrial production of bioplastics furniture (Barret 2018), Project Effective focusing on replacing nylon with bio-nylon (Barret 2018), and the first packaging made from fruit (Barret 2018). * 2019: Five different types of Chitin nanomaterials were extracted and synthesized by the 'Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology' to verify strong personality and antibacterial effects. When buried underground, 100% biodegradation was possible within six months.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tran TH, Nguyen HL, Hwang DS, Lee JY, Cha HG, Koo JM, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX |year=2019 |title=Five different chitin nanomaterials from identical source with different advantageous functions and performances |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |publisher=Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. |volume=205 |pages=392–400 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.089 |issn=0144-8617 |pmid=30446120 |s2cid=53569630}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki> ba cikakken jerin bane. Wadannan abubuwan kirkirar suna nuna bambancin bioplastics da muhimman cigaba. Sabbin aikace-aikace da abubuwan kirkirar bioplastics suna cigaba da faruwa. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Binciken Bioplastic ko Ci gaba |- |1862 |Parkesine - Alexander Parkes |- |1868 |Celluloid - John Wesley Hyatt |- |1897 |Galalith - likitocin Jamus |- |1907 |Bakelite - Leo Baekeland |- |1912 |Cellophane - Jacques E. Brandenberger |- |Shekaru na 1920 |Polylactic Acid (PLA) - Wallace Carothers |- |1926 |Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) - Maurice Lemoigne |- |Shekaru na 1930 |Soya-bean-based bioplastic mota - Henry Ford |- |1983 |Biopal - Marlborough Biopolymers |- |1989 |PLA daga masara - Dokta Patrick R. Gruber; Matter-bi - Novamount |- |1992 |Ana iya samar da PHB ta hanyar Arabidopsis thaliana (ƙaramin shuka mai fure) |- |1998 |Fim din Bioflex (bugawa, kwance, gyaran allura) yana haifar da aikace-aikace daban-daban na bioplastic |- |2001 |PHB za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar giwayen |- |2007 |Mirel (100% biodegradable filastik) ta Metabolic inc. an gwada shi a kasuwa |- |2012 |Bioplastic an haɓaka shi ne daga albasa |- |2013 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga jini da kuma mai haɗin giciye wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya |- |2014 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga sharar kayan lambu |- |2016 |Kamfanin mota da aka yi da kwayar cutar ayaba |- |2017 |Bioplastics da aka yi daga albarkatun lignocellulosic (tsire mai bushe) |- |2018 |Kayan kwalliya na bioplastic, bio-nylon, marufi daga 'ya'yan itace |} [[Fayil:Bioplastics_Development_Center_-_University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell_-_DSC00107.JPG|thumb|Cibiyar Cigaban Bioplastics - Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell]] [[Fayil:PLA-Kugelschreiber_NatureWorks_CG.jpg|thumb|Fensir da akayi da bioplastics (Polylactide, PLA) ]] == Hanyoyin gwaji == [[Fayil:Shampoo_Bottle_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Gilashin shampoo na bioplastic da aka yi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] === Kasuwancin masana'antu - EN 13432, ASTM D6400 === Dole ne A cikin ma'aunin masana'antu na EN 13432 don da'awar cewa samfurin filastik yana iyayin compostable a kasuwar Turai. A taƙaice, yana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje da yawa da kuma saita ka'idojin wucewa / gazawar, gami da rushewa (rugujewar jiki da gani) na abin da aka gama a cikin makonni 1, biodegradation (canja carbon zuwa CO) na sinadaran polymeric a cikin kwanaki 180, guba na shuka da ƙarfe mai nauyi. Matsayin ASTM 6400 shine tsarin tsari na Amurka kuma yana da irin wannan buƙatu. Yawancin filastik na [[starch]], filastik da ke PLA da wasu mahaɗan co-[[polyester]] na [[Aliphatic]]-aromatic, kamar su succinates da adipates, sun sami waɗannan takaddun shaida. Additive-based bioplastics sayar a matsayin photodegradable ko [[Oxo Biodegradable]] basu bi waɗannan ka'idoji a halin yanzu ba. === Compostability - ASTM D6002 === Hanyar ASTM D 6002 don ƙayyade compostability na filastik ya bayyana kalmar compostable kamar haka:<blockquote>wanda ke iya fuskantar lalacewar halittu a cikin wani shafin mai mai mai mai amfani dashi don kayan baza'a iya rarrabe su ba kuma ya rushe cikin carbon dioxide, ruwa, mahaɗan inorganic da biomass a cikin adadin daya dace da sanannun kayan mai amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compostable.info |url=http://www.compostable.info/compostable.htm}}</ref></blockquote>  Wannan ma'anar ta jawo zargi da yawa saboda, sabanin yadda aka bayyana kalmar a al'ada, ya rabu da tsarin "composting" daga bukatar hakan wanda ke haifar da [[humus]] / compost a matsayin samfurin ƙarshe. Abinda kawai wannan ma'auni ya bayyana shi ne cewa filastik mai sarrafawa dole ne ya nemi yatafi da sauri kamar yadda wani abu da mutum ya riga ya kafa ya zama mai sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin ma'anar gargajiya. ==== . ASTM D 6002 ==== A watan Janairun 2011, ASTM ta janye ma'auni na ASTM D 6002, wanda yaba masana'antun filastik amincin doka don lakafta filastik a matsayin mai sarrafawa. Bayanansa kamar haka:<blockquote>Wannan jagorar da aka rufe ta bada shawarar ka'idoji, hanyoyin, da kuma hanyar gaba ɗaya don kafa compostability na filastik masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6002 - 96(2002)e1 Standard Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Environmentally Degradable Plastics (Withdrawn 2011) |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221192326/https://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2012-09-05 |website=astm.org}}</ref> </blockquote>ASTM har yanzu bai maye gurbin wannan ma'auni ba. === Biobased - ASTM D6866 === An haɓaka hanyar ASTM D6866 don tabbatar da abubuwan da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta na bioplastics. Hasken sararin samaniya dake haɗuwa da yanayi yana nufin cewa wasu daga cikin carbon shine isotope carbon-14. CO₂ daga yanayi ana amfani dashi ta shuke-shuke a cikin photosynthesis, don haka sabon kayan shuke-huke zasu ƙunshi carbon-14 da carbon-12. A karkashin yanayin daya dace, da kuma a kan lokutan geological, za'a iya canza ragowar halittu masu rai zuwa burbushin burbushin halittu. Bayan ~ shekaru 100,000 duk carbon-14 dake cikin asalin kwayoyin halitta zasu sha wahala a cikin lalacewar rediyo inda suka bar carbon-12 kawai. Samfurin da aka yi daga biomass zai sami matakin carbon-14, yayin da samfurin da akayi da sinadarin man fetur bazai sami carbon-14. Za'a iya auna kashi na carbon mai sabuntawa a cikin kayan (mai ƙarfi ko ruwa) tare da ma'aunin ma'auni mai sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6866 - 11 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6866.htm |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Astm.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-24 |title=NNFCC Newsletter&nbsp;– Issue 16. Understanding Bio-based Content&nbsp;— NNFCC |url=http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-newsletter-issue-16-understanding-bio-based-content |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Nnfcc.co.uk}}</ref> Akwai muhimmiyar bambanci tsakanin [[Rashin lalacewa|biodegradability]] da abun ciki na biobased. A bioplastic irin su high-density polyethylene (HDPE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Braskem |url=http://www.braskem.com.br/site/portal_braskem/en/sala_de_imprensa/sala_de_imprensa_detalhes_6062.aspx |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Braskem}}</ref> iya zama 100% biobased (watau dauke da 100% sabunta carbon), duk da haka ba-biodegradable. Wadannan bioplastics irin su HDPE duk da haka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rage iskar gas, musamman lokacin da aka ƙone su don samar da makamashi. Sashe na biobased na waɗannan bioplastics ana ɗaukar su carbon-neutral tunda asalin su ya fito ne daga biomass === Anaerobic biodegradability - ASTM D5511-02 da ASTM D 5526 === ASTM D5511-12 da ASTM D 5526-12 hanyoyin gwaji ne waɗanda suka bi ka'idodin duniya kamar ISO DIS 15985 don biodegradability na filastik. == Dubi kuma ==    == Manazarta ==   == Ƙarin karantawa == * [https://www.proquest.com/docview/1347639560 Flastik ba tare da Tarihin Man Fetur ba da Siyasa na 'Green' Flastik a Amurka] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=KZCNJ8qSWKYC ''Filastik da muhalli''] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=SUCtOwns7TEC&pg=PA155 "Ginin Jama'a na Bakelite: Zuwa ga ka'idar kirkirar"] a cikin The Social Construction of Technological Systems, shafuffuka 155-182&nbsp; == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report Binciken Kasuwar China don Flastik mai lalacewa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904192810/http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report |date=2021-09-04 }} An adana shi 2021-09-04 a , Mayu 2017, GCiS China Strategic Research [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] asamy131q8847mv6rqy92l9yezktrko 0 81434 551990 549868 2024-12-05T03:52:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551990 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:250px;overflow:hidden">[[Fayil:Acetobixan-an-Inhibitor-of-Cellulose-Synthesis-Identified-by-Microbial-Bioprospecting-pone.0095245.s004.ogv|thumb|salon binciken hallitu]][[File:Galegaofficinalis03.jpg|alt=|251x251px]]</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Metformin.svg|alt=|188x188px]]</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">An gano magunguna masu mahimmanci da yawa ta hanyar binciken halittu ciki har da maganin ciwon sukari [[metformin]] (wanda aka haɓaka daga samfurin halitta da aka samo a cikin ''[[Galega officinalis]]''). <ref name="pmid29077533">{{cite journal |vauthors=Buenz EJ, Verpoorte R, Bauer BA |date=January 2018 |title=The ethnopharmacologic contribution to bioprospecting natural products |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=509–530 |doi=10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052703 |pmid=29077533 |doi-access=free}}</ref></div></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bioprospecting (wanda aka fi sani da '''Binciken halittu''') bincike ne na tushen halitta don ƙananan kwayoyin, macromolecules da bayanan kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda za a iya haɓaka su cikin samfuran kasuwanci masu mahimmanci don aikin [[noma]], <ref name="CBD1">{{Cite web |title=Mobilizing funding for biodiversity conservation: a user-friendly training guide |url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/nbsap/finance/Guide_BioProsp_Nov2001.pdf |access-date=17 July 2020 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> about="#mwt42" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"pmid30465306"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-pmid30465306-3","html":"<nowiki><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;templatestyles&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;attrs&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;body&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;extsrc&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;cite journal &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Cite_journal&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;vauthors&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Pandey A, Yarzábal LA&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;January 2019&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Bioprospecting cold-adapted plant growth promoting microorganisms from mountain environments&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;journal&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;volume&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;103&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;issue&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pages&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;643–657&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;doi&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;10.1007/s00253-018-9515-2&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pmid&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;30465306&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;s2cid&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;53720063&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwA08\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt39\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"CITEREFPandeyYarzábal2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Pandey A, Yarzábal LA (January 2019). \"Bioprospecting cold-adapted plant growth promoting microorganisms from mountain environments\". <i id=\"mwA1A\">Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><b id=\"mwA1E\">103</b></nowiki> (2): 643–657. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"670\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1I\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a></nowiki>:<nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00253-018-9515-2\" id=\"mwA1M\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.1007/s00253-018-9515-2</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"671\" href=\"./PMID_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1Q\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a></nowiki><nowiki><span id=\"mwA1U\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30465306\" id=\"mwA1Y\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">30465306</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"672\" href=\"./S2CID_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1c\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\">S2CID</a></nowiki><nowiki><span id=\"mwA1g\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53720063\" id=\"mwA1k\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">53720063</a></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}' id="cite_ref-pmid30465306_3-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Bioprospecting#cite_note-pmid30465306-3 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[2]</nowiki></span>] aquaculture, <ref name="pmid22737038">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Beattie AJ, Hay M, Magnusson B, de Nys R, Smeathers J, Vincent JF |date=May 2011 |title=Ecology and bioprospecting |journal=Austral Ecology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=341–356 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02170.x |pmc=3380369 |pmid=22737038}}</ref> bioremediation, <ref name="pmid22737038" /> [[Kwalliya|kayan shafawa]], <ref name="pmid24858315">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mazarrasa I, Olsen YS, Mayol E, Marbà N, Duarte CM |date=October 2014 |title=Global unbalance in seaweed production, research effort and biotechnology markets |journal=Biotechnology Advances |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=1028–36 |doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.05.002 |pmid=24858315}}</ref> <ref name="pmid32140148">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pascoal F, Magalhães C, Costa R |date=February 2020 |title=The link between the ecology of the prokaryotic rare biosphere and its biotechnological potential |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=11 |pages=Article 231 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2020.00231 |pmc=7042395 |pmid=32140148 |doi-access=free}}</ref> nanotechnology, <ref name="pmid22737038" /> [4] ko masana'antun [[Magani|magunguna]] [4] [5] .<ref name="pmid24240981">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Abida H, Ruchaud S, Rios L, Humeau A, Probert I, De Vargas C, Bach S, Bowler C |date=November 2013 |title=Bioprospecting marine plankton |journal=Marine Drugs |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=4594–4611 |doi=10.3390/md11114594 |pmc=3853748 |pmid=24240981 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid31214881">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gupta PL, Rajput M, Oza T, Trivedi U, Sanghvi G |date=August 2019 |title=Eminence of microbial products in cosmetic industry |journal=Natural Products and Bioprospecting |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=267–278 |doi=10.1007/s13659-019-0215-0 |pmc=6646485 |pmid=31214881}}</ref><ref name="pmid28330085">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Upadhyay P, Shrivastava R, Agrawal PK |date=June 2016 |title=Bioprospecting and biotechnological applications of fungal laccase |journal=3 Biotech |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=Article 15 |doi=10.1007/s13205-015-0316-3 |pmc=4703590 |pmid=28330085}}</ref><ref name="pmid32529587">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cushnie TP, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JL, Law S, Clow SM |date=June 2020 |title=Bioprospecting for antibacterial drugs: a multidisciplinary perspective on natural product source material, bioassay selection and avoidable pitfalls |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3909383 |journal=Pharmaceutical Research |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=Article 125 |doi=10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1 |pmid=32529587 |s2cid=219590658}}</ref> A cikin masana'antar magunguna, alal misali, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk ƙananan magungunan da Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su tsakanin 1981 da 2014, ko dai kayayyakin halitta ne ko mahadi da aka samo daga kayayyakin halitta.<ref name="pmid26852623">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Newman DJ, Cragg GM |date=March 2016 |title=Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014 |journal=Journal of Natural Products |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=629–661 |doi=10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055 |pmid=26852623 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsire-tsire na ƙasa, fungi da actinobacteria sun kasance masu mayar da hankali ga shirye-shiryen bioprospecting dayawa da suka gabata, amma sha'awar tana girma a cikin yanayin halittu da ba'a bincika su ba (misali teku da teku) da kwayoyin halitta (misali myxobacteria, archaea) a matsayin hanyar gano sabbin mahadi tare da Ayyukan halittu na zamani. <ref name="pmid24240981"/> <ref name="pmid32529587"/><ref name="pmid24078803">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Svenson J |date=May 2012 |title=MabCent: Arctic marine bioprospecting in Norway |journal=Phytochemistry Reviews |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=567–578 |doi=10.1007/s11101-012-9239-3 |pmc=3777186 |pmid=24078803}}</ref><ref name="pmid33643258">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sysoev M, Grötzinger SW, Renn D, Eppinger J, Rueping M, Karan R |date=February 2021 |title=Bioprospecting of novel extremozymes from prokaryotes—the advent of culture-independent methods |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=12 |issue= |pages=Article 630013 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.630013 |pmc=7902512 |pmid=33643258 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya tantance nau'o'in ba zato ba tsammani don aikin rayuwa ko zaɓaɓɓen tunani kuma ana tantance su bisa ga ilimin [[Ecology|muhalli]], Ethnobiological, ethnomedical, [[tarihi]] ko bayanan genomic.<ref name="pmid32529587" /><ref name="pmid22984175">{{Cite journal |author-link2=Vincent Savolainen |vauthors=Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Savolainen V, Williamson EM, Forest F, Wagstaff SJ, Baral SR, Watson MF, Pendry CA, Hawkins JA |date=September 2012 |title=Phylogenies reveal predictive power of traditional medicine in bioprospecting |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=109 |issue=39 |pages=15835–40 |bibcode=2012PNAS..10915835S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1202242109 |pmc=3465383 |pmid=22984175 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid29747673">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baana K, Angwech H, Malinga GM |date=May 2018 |title=Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as repellents against housefly, ''Musca domestica'' L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Budondo Subcounty, Jinja District, Uganda |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=Article 35 |doi=10.1186/s13002-018-0235-6 |pmc=5946462 |pmid=29747673 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lokacin da albarkatun halittu na yankin ko ilimin 'yan asalin sun kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma anyi amfani dashi ta hanyar kasuwanci batare da samar da diyya mai kyau ba, wannan an san shi da biopiracy.<ref name="merriamwebster2">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Biopiracy |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biopiracy |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> An tattauna yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa don samar da kasashe damar shari'a a yayin da akayi amfani da kwayoyin halitta da kuma ba 'yan wasan kasuwanci tabbacin shari'a don saka hannun jari. Wadannan sun hada da Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Bambancin Halitta da Yarjejeniya ta Nagoya.<ref name="CBD1"/><ref name="pmid32529587"/> WIPO a halin yanzu tana tattaunawa kan karin yarjejeniyoyi don magance gibin a wannan fagen. Sauran haɗarin dake tattare da binciken halittu sune yawan girbi na jinsuna da lalacewar muhalli, amma an samar da dokoki don magance waɗannan. Misalan sun haɗa da dokokin ƙasa kamar Dokar Kare Mammal ta Amurka da Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari ta Amurka, da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halitta, Yarjejeniyar UN kan Dokar Tekun, Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, da [[Tsarin Yarjejeniyar Antarctic|Yarjejeniyar Antarctic]] . <ref name="pmid32529587"/><ref name="pmid27652415">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Benson E |date=February 2012 |title=Endangered science: the regulation of research by the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection and Endangered Species Acts |journal=Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=30–61 |doi=10.1525/hsns.2012.42.1.30 |pmid=27652415}}</ref> == Abubuwan da aka samo daga binciken halittu da kayayyaki == === Aikin noma === [[Fayil:Ata_Sugar-apple_Pinha_Fruta_do_conde.JPG|right|thumb|Annonin-based biopesticides, wanda akayi amfani dashi don kare amfanin gona daga kwari da sauran kwari, an kirkiresu ne daga shuka ''Annona squamosa'' . ]] Abubuwan da aka samo daga binciken halittu da samfuran da akayi amfani dasu a aikin gona sun haɗa da biofertilizers, biopesticides da maganin rigakafi na dabbobi. ''Rhizobium'' wani nau'in kwayoyin cuta ne na ƙasa da ake amfani dasu azaman masu amfani da kwayoyin cuti, <ref name="pmid20879835">{{Cite journal |vauthors=John RP, Tyagi RD, Brar SK, Surampalli RY, Prévost D |date=September 2011 |title=Bio-encapsulation of microbial cells for targeted agricultural delivery |journal=Critical Reviews in Biotechnology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=211–226 |doi=10.3109/07388551.2010.513327 |pmid=20879835 |s2cid=207467630}}</ref> ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' (wanda ake kira Bt) da annonins (wanda aka samo daga tsaba na shuka ''Annona squamosa'') misalai ne na maganin rigakafi ne, <ref name="pmid12598644">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wei JZ, Hale K, Carta L, Platzer E, Wong C, Fang SC, Aroian RV |date=2003 |title=''Bacillus thuringiensis'' crystal proteins that target nematodes |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=2760–5 |bibcode=2003PNAS..100.2760W |doi=10.1073/pnas.0538072100 |pmc=151414 |pmid=12598644 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |display-authors=et al |date=September 1992 |title=Strains of ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' insecticidal compositions containing the same US5147640A |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5147640A/en |access-date=2020-07-27}}</ref> da valnemulin da tiamulin (wanda aka gano kuma aka haɓaka daga basidiomycete fungi ''Omphalina mutila'' da ''Clitopilus passeckerianus'') misalai na maganin rigamunan dabbobi ne.<ref name="annonin2">{{Cite web |date=August 1987 |title=Pure annonin and a process for the preparation thereof US 4689232 A |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4689232 |access-date=2020-07-27}}</ref><ref name="pmid16589015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kavanagh F, Hervey A, Robbins WJ |date=September 1951 |title=Antibiotic substances from basidiomycetes: VIII. ''Pleurotus multilus'' (Fr.) Sacc. and ''Pleurotus passeckerianus'' Pilat. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=570–574 |bibcode=1951PNAS...37..570K |doi=10.1073/pnas.37.9.570 |pmc=1063423 |pmid=16589015 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid28649239">{{Cite journal |vauthors=de Mattos-Shipley KM, Foster GD, and Bailey AM |date=June 2017 |title=Insights into the classical genetics of ''Clitopilus passeckerianus'' – the pleuromutilin producing mushroom |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=8 |pages=Article 1056 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01056 |pmc=5465285 |pmid=28649239 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Gyara Rayuwa === Misalan samfuran bioprospecting da aka yi amfani dasu a cikin bioremediation sun haɗa da ''Coriolopsis gallica''- da ''Phanerochaete chrysosporium''-derived laccase enzymes, waɗanda akayi amfani dasu don magance ruwan da akayi da giya da kuma lalata da kuma lalata kayan aikin takarda.<ref name="pmid28330085"/> ==Kayan shafawa da kula da mutum == Kayan shafawa da kayayyakin kulawa da aka samo daga bioprospecting sun haɗa da ''Porphyridium cruentum''-derived oligosaccharide da oligoelement blends da akayi amfani dasu don magance erythema (Rosecea, flushing da duhu da'irori), <ref name="pmid24240981"/> ''Xanthobacter autotrophicus''-derived zeaxanthin da akayi aiki don ruwa da UV kariya, <ref name="pmid31214881"/> ''Clostridium histolyticum''-derivative collagenases da akayi dasu don sake farfado da [[fata]], <ref name="pmid31214881" /> ''Microsporum''-deriven keratinases da akayi šomi da akayi don cire gashi. == Nanotechnology da biosensors == Saboda laccases na microbial suna da kewayon substrate mai yawa, ana iya amfani dasu a cikin fasahar biosensor don gano nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta da yawa. Misali, ana amfani da electrodes masu dauke da laccase don gano mahaɗan polyphenolic a cikin ruwan inabi, da lignins da phenols a cikin Ruwa mai guba.<ref name="pmid28330085"/> ==Magunguna == [[File:Streptomyces_griseus.jpg|right|thumb|An gano maganin [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] streptomycin daga actinomycete ''Streptomyces griseus'' . <ref name="pmid32529587"/>]] Yawancin Magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da ake amfani dasu a yanzu an gano su ta hanyar bioprospecting ciki har da aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, polymyxins, cephalosporins da sauran maganin rigakafin β-lactam, macrolides, pleuromutilins, glycopeptides, rifamycins, lincosamides, streptogramins, da maganin rigakafi na phosphonic acid.<ref name="pmid32529587"/> Misali, an gano maganin rigakafin aminoglycoside streptomycin daga kwayar cutar ''Streptomyces griseus'', an gano kwayar cutar fusidane daga kwayar halitta ''Acremonium fusidioides'', kuma an gano maganin maganin rigakafi na pleuromutilin (misali lefamulin) kuma an haɓaka shi daga kwayar cuta ta basidiomycete ''Omphalina mutila'' da ''Clitopilus passeckerianus'' . <ref name="pmid32529587" /><ref name="pmid16589015"/> Sauran misalai na magungunan rigakafin cututtukan cututtukat da aka samo daga bioprospecting sun haɗa da maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta griseofulvin (wanda aka gano daga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta na ƙasa mai suna ''Streptomyces nodosus''), <ref name="10.1071/ch13639">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Beekman AM, Barrow RA |year=2014 |title=Fungal metabolites as pharmaceuticals |journal=Australian Journal of Chemistry |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=827–843 |doi=10.1071/ch13639}}</ref> maganin rigakafi na ƙwayoyin cutar ƙwayoyin jiki mai suna Artemisinin (wanda aka samo daga shuka ''Artemisia annua''), da maganin rigakatwa mai suna ivermectin (wanda aka haɓaka daga ƙwayohin ƙwayoyin jini mai suna Streepitomyces).<ref name="pmid22975171">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Procópio RE, Silva IR, Martins MK, Azevedo JL, Araújo JM |year=2012 |title=Antibiotics produced by ''Streptomyces'' |journal=The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=466–71 |doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014 |pmid=22975171 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid29077533"/><ref name="pmid24979951">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kano S |date=May 2014 |title=Artemisinin-based combination therapies and their introduction in Japan |journal=Kansenshogaku Zasshi |volume=88 |issue=3 Suppl 9–10 |pages=18–25 |pmid=24979951}}</ref><ref name="pmid31544193">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Saraiva RG, Dimopoulos G |date=2020 |title=Bacterial natural products in the fight against mosquito-transmitted tropical diseases |journal=Natural Product Reports |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=338–354 |doi=10.1039/c9np00042a |pmid=31544193 |s2cid=202731385}}</ref> An kirkiro magungunan da aka samo daga binciken halittu don maganin cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa da kuma yanayin. Wadannan sun hada da maganin rigakafin cutar kansa [[Cone snail|kwari]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bleomycin">bleomycin (wanda aka samo daga kwayar cuta ta ƙasa ''Streptomyces verticillus''), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bleomycin |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682125.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |publisher=US National Library of Medicine}}</ref> maganin rigakafi mai hana rigakafi ciclosporin da akayi amfani dashi don magance cututtukan rigakafi irin su rheumatoid arthritis da psoriasis (wanda aka samu daga ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa ''Tolypocladium inflatum''), maganin maganin rigakacin kumburi colchicine da akayi dashi don maganin cututtukansu (wanda aka samar daga shuke-tsarin Colchicine na Acetylum autnale), <ref name="pmid29077533"/> maganin cututtainus), [3] maganin maganin cututtarine da cututtukar cututtuken Acetine (wanda akayi amfani dashi daga cututtukatare na cututtukun Acetine), <ref name="pmid24078803"/> da cututtariteus), [4] da suka kamuwa da cututtsarin Acetine).<ref name="pmid23410167">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Russo P, Frustaci A, Del Bufalo A, Fini M, Cesario A |year=2013 |title=Multitarget drugs of plants origin acting on Alzheimer's disease |journal=Current Medicinal Chemistry |volume=20 |issue=13 |pages=1686–93 |doi=10.2174/0929867311320130008 |pmid=23410167}}</ref> == Binciken halittu a matsayin dabarun ganowa == Bioprospecting yana da ƙarfi da raunin a matsayin dabarun gano sabbin kwayoyin halitta, da kwayoyin da suka dace da cigaba da kasuwanci. ==Ƙarfi == [[Fayil:Halichondrin_B.svg|thumb|Halichondrin B, misali na tsarin rikitarwa da kuma muhimmiyar kayan halitta <ref name="pmid29440930">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koliou P, Karavasilis V, Theochari M, Pollack SM, Jones RL, Thway K |date=February 2018 |title=Advances in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: focus on eribulin |journal=Cancer Management and Research |volume=10 |issue= |pages=207–216 |doi=10.2147/CMAR.S143019 |pmc=5798537 |pmid=29440930 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] ƙananan kwayoyin da aka samo daga binciken halittu (wanda akafi sani da samfuran halitta) sun fi rikitarwa fiye da sunadarai na roba, sabili da haka suna nuna mafi girman takamaiman ga manufofi na halitta. Wannan babban fa'ida ne a cikin ganowa da ci gaba da magunguna, musamman fannoni na magunguna na ganowa da haɓaka, inda tasirin da ba'ayi niyya bazai iya haifar da mummunan halayen magunguna.<ref name="pmid32529587"/> Kayan halitta sun fi dacewa da jigilar membrane fiye da mahaɗan roba. Wannan yana da fa'ida yayin haɓaka magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya buƙatar ratsa duka membrane na waje da membrane na plasma don isa ga burinsu.<ref name="pmid32529587"/> Ga wasu sababbin kimiyyar halittu don aiki, yana da mahimmanci a sami enzymes waɗanda ke aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa ko ƙasa. Misali na wannan shine polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wanda ya dogara da DNA polymerase wanda zai iya aiki a 60 ° C da sama.<ref name="pmid33643258"/> A wasu yanayi, misali dephosphorylation, yana iya zama abin sha'awa a gudanar da martani a low zafin jiki.<ref name="pmid24078803"/> Extremophile bioprospecting muhimmiyar tushe ce ta irin waɗannan enzymes, suna samar da enzymes masu tsayayya da zafi kamar <nowiki><i id="mwAWM">Taq</i></nowiki> polymerase (daga ''Thermus aquaticus''), <ref name="pmid33643258" /> da enzymes da suka dace da sanyi kamar shrimp alkaline phosphatase (daga ''Pandalus borealis''). <ref name="pmid24078803" /> Tare da Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity (CBD) yanzu da yawancin ƙasashe suka tabbatar, bioprospecting yana da damar kawo kasashe masu wadataccen halittu da fasaha tare, da kuma amfana dasu duka a ilimi da tattalin arziki (misali raba bayanai, canja wurin fasaha, sabon ci gaban samfur, biyan kuɗi). <ref name="CBD1"/><ref name="Sandhu01">{{Cite web |title=Bioprospecting: Pros and Cons |url=http://www.hillagric.ac.in/edu/covas/vpharma/winter%20school/lectures/21%20Bioprospecting%20Pros%20and%20cons.pdf |access-date=7 July 2021 |publisher=Punjab Agricultural University}}</ref> Ga kwayoyin da aka gano ta hanyar binciken microbial, sikelin samarwa yana yiwuwa a farashi mai kyau saboda ana iya al'ada kwayar cuta a cikin bioreactor.<ref name="pmid31214881"/><ref name="APR2021">{{Cite web |title=Pharmaceutical bioreactor / fermentor |url=https://www.americanpharmaceuticalreview.com/Bioprocessing/25566-Pharmaceutical-Bioreactor-Fermentor/ |access-date=7 July 2021 |publisher=American Pharmaceutical Review}}</ref> === Rashin ƙarfi === [[Fayil:Koeh-146-no_text.jpg|thumb|Zingiber officinale, misali na tsire-tsire na magani da akayi amfani da su a al'adu da yawa <ref name="pmid26106644">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ahmad B, Rehman MU, Amin I, Arif A, Rasool S, Bhat SA, Afzal I, Hussain I, Bilal S, Mir M |date=2015 |title=A review on pharmacological properties of zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) |journal=ScientificWorldJournal |volume=2015 |issue= |pages=Article 816364 |doi=10.1155/2015/816364 |pmc=4461790 |pmid=26106644 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Kodayake an san wasu kwayoyin da zasu iya amfani sosai a cikin yanayi (misali kwayoyin lignocellulose-metabolizing), an fuskanci matsaloli wajen noma waɗannan a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.<ref name="ASM2006">{{Cite web |title=Microbial energy conversion |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563531/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK563531.pdf |access-date=7 July 2021 |publisher=American Society for Microbiology}}</ref> Wannan matsala na iya warwarewa ta hanyar sarrafa kwayoyin halitta masu sauƙin al'ada kamar ''Escherichia coli'' ko ''Streptomyces coelicolor'' don bayyana tarin kwayoyin halitta dake da alhakin aikin da akeso.<ref name="pmid33643258"/><ref name="pmid33510482">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Atanasov AG, Zotchev SB, Dirsch VM, INPST, Supuran CT |date=January 2021 |title=Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities |journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=200–216 |doi=10.1038/s41573-020-00114-z |pmc=7841765 |pmid=33510482}}</ref> Keɓewa da gano fili (s) dake da alhakin aikin kwayar halitta na iya zama da wahala.<ref name="pmid33510482"/> Har ila yau, bayanin da ya biyo baya game da tsarin aikin mahaɗin da aka ware na iya cin lokaci.<ref name="pmid33510482" /> Ci gaban fasaha a cikin ruwa chromatography, Mass spectrometry da sauran dabarun suna taimakawa wajen shawo kan waɗannan ƙalubalen.<ref name="pmid33510482" /> Aiwatar da aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyi da dokoki masu alaƙa da binciken halittu ba koyaushe yake da sauƙi ba.<ref name="CBD1"/><ref name="Sandhu01"/> Ci gaban miyagun ƙwayoyi tsari ne mai tsada da cin lokaci tare da ƙarancin nasara, kuma wannan yasa ya zama da wahala a ƙididdige darajar samfuran da za'a iya amfani dasu yayin tsara yarjejeniyar binciken halittu.<ref name="CBD1" /> Hakkin mallakar ilimi na iya zama da wahala a bada kyauta. Misali, haƙƙin doka ga tsire-tsire na magani na iya zama mai rikitarwa idan mutane daban-daban ne suka gano shi a sassa daban-daban na duniya a lokuta daban-daban.<ref name="CBD1" /> Duk da yake rikitarwa na tsari na samfuran halitta yana da fa'ida a cikin binciken magani, yana iya sa ƙera ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta da wuya. Wannan matsala wani lokacin ana iya warware ta hanyar gano ɓangaren tsarin samfurin halitta wanda ke da alhakin aiki da haɓaka analog ɗin roba mai sauƙi. Wannan ya zama dole tare da samfurin halitta halichondrin B, sauƙaƙe analog eribulin yanzu an amince da shi kuma ana tallata shi azaman maganin maganin cutar kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Success story: halichondrin B (NSC 609395) E7389 (NSC 707389) |url=http://www.dtp.nci.nih.gov/timeline/noflash/success_stories/S4_halichondrinB.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710205200/http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/timeline/noflash/success_stories/S4_halichondrinB.htm |archive-date=2009-07-10 |publisher=Developmental Therapeutics Program, [[National Cancer Institute]]}}</ref> == Rashin tabbas na nazarin halittu == Kuskuren da kuma wuce gona da iri na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban a cikin tsarin binciken halittu ciki har da tattara kayan tushe, tantance kayan tushe don aikin rayuwa, gwajin mahaɗan da aka ware don guba, da kuma gano hanyar aiki. === Tarin kayan tushe === [[Fayil:Allurus_muricatus_JS10_00405_lateral.jpg|right|thumb|Gudanar da Voucher yana ba da damar sake kimanta asalin jinsuna idan akwai matsaloli dake sake ware wani abu mai aiki daga tushen halitta.<ref name="pmid32529587">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cushnie TP, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JL, Law S, Clow SM |date=June 2020 |title=Bioprospecting for antibacterial drugs: a multidisciplinary perspective on natural product source material, bioassay selection and avoidable pitfalls |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3909383 |journal=Pharmaceutical Research |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=Article 125 |doi=10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1 |pmid=32529587 |s2cid=219590658}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCushnieCushnieEcheverríaFowsantear2020">Cushnie TP, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JL, Law S, Clow SM (June 2020). [https://zenodo.org/record/3909383 "Bioprospecting for antibacterial drugs: a multidisciplinary perspective on natural product source material, bioassay selection and avoidable pitfalls"]. ''Pharmaceutical Research''. '''37''' (7): Article 125. [[Doi (masu ganewa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1|10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1]]. [[PMID (masu ganowa)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32529587 32529587]. [[S2CID (masu ganewa)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219590658 219590658].</cite></ref>]] Kafin tattara kayan [[Biology|halitta]] ko ilimin gargajiya, dole ne a sami izini daidai daga asalin ƙasar, mai mallakar ƙasa da sauransu. Rashin yin hakan na iya haifar da aikata laifuka da kin amincewa da duk wani aikace-aikacen patent na gaba. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a tattara kayan halittu a cikin isasshen adadi, don samun kayan halittu da aka gano a hukumance, da kuma saka samfurin takardar shaidar tare da ajiya don adanawa da adanawa na dogon lokaci. Wannan yana taimakawa tabbatar da cewa duk wani muhimmin binciken da aka gano ana iya sake shi.<ref name="pmid32529587"/><ref name="pmid24078803"/> === Bioactivity da gwajin guba === Lokacin da aka cire gwaje-gwaje da mahadi masu rarrabe don bioactivity da guba, amfani da daidaitattun ladabi (misali CLSI, ISO, NIH, EURL ECVAM, OECD) yana da kyau saboda wannan yana inganta daidaito na sakamakon gwajin da sakewa. Har ila yau, idan tushen kayan yana iya ƙunshe da sanannun (wanda aka gano a baya) mahadi masu aiki (misali streptomycin a cikin yanayin actinomycetes), to, yazama dole a cire waɗannan abubuwan da mahadi daga bututun binciken da wuri-wuri. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da tasirin mai narkewa a kan sel ko layin tantanin halitta da ake gwadawa, don haɗawa da mahadi masu tushe (watau mahadi masu tsabta waɗanda keda cikakkiyar bioactivity da bayanan guba), don saita iyakoki akan lambar sashi na layin tantancewa (misali sassan 10-20), don haɗawa ga duk abubuwan da suka dace masu kyau da marasa kyau, da kuma sanin iyakokin gwaji. Wadannan matakai suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da sakamakon gwaji daidai ne, ana iya sake shi kuma ana fassara shi daidai.<ref name="pmid32529587"/><ref name="pmid24078803"/> === Bayyana tsarin aiki === Lokacin ƙoƙarin bayyana tsarin aikin wani abu ko fili mai zaman kansa, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa. Yin amfani da gwaji guda ɗaya kawai, musamman gwaji guda ɗaya na ''in vitro'', yana ba da hoto mara cikakke na wani abu ko tasirin fili a jikin mutum.<ref name="pmid17317057">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Houghton PJ, Howes MJ, Lee CC, Steventon G |date=April 2007 |title=Uses and abuses of ''in vitro'' tests in ethnopharmacology: visualizing an elephant |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=391–400 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.032 |pmid=17317057}}</ref><ref name="pmid25634295">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dahlin JL, Nissink JW, Strasser JM, Francis S, Higgins L, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Walters MA |date=March 2015 |title=PAINS in the assay: chemical mechanisms of assay interference and promiscuous enzymatic inhibition observed during a sulfhydryl-scavenging HTS |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=2091–2113 |doi=10.1021/jm5019093 |pmc=4360378 |pmid=25634295}}</ref> A cikin yanayin ''Valeriana officinalis'' tushen cirewa, alal misali, tasirin dake haifar da barci na wannan cirewa saboda mahadi da hanyoyin da suka hada da hulɗa tare da Masu karɓar GABA da shakatawa na tsoka mai santsi.<ref name="pmid17317057" /> Hakanan za'a iya kuskuren tsarin aiki na fili mai zaman kansa idan akayi amfani da gwaji guda ɗaya saboda wasu mahadi suna tsoma baki tare da gwaje-gwaje. Misali, gwajin sulfhydryl-scavenging da akayi amfani dashi don gano histone acetyltransferase inhibition na iya bada sakamako mai kyau idan mahaɗin gwajin ya amsa tare da cysteines.<ref name="pmid25634295" /> == Rashin hankula == Pat Mooney ne ya kirkiro kalmar biopiracy, <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> don bayyana aikin da wasu ke amfani da ilimin asali na yanayi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga 'Yan asalin ƙasar, don riba, ba tare da izini ko diyya ga' yan asalin ƙasar da kansu ba. <ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Misali, lokacin da masu binciken halittu suka yi amfani da ilimin asali na tsire-tsire na magani wanda daga baya kamfanonin kiwon lafiya suka ba da izini ba tare da sanin gaskiyar cewa ilimin ba sabon abu ba ne ko kuma mai bada izinin ya kirkireshi ba, wannan yana hana al'ummar 'yan asalin damar da suka samu ga samfurin kasuwanci wanda aka samo daga fasahar da kansu suka bunkasa ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Masu sukar wannan aikin, kamar [[Greenpeace]], suna da'awar cewa waɗannan ayyukan suna ba da gudummawa ga rashin daidaito tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa masu wadata da bambancin halittu, da ƙasashe masu cigaba dake karɓar kamfanonin [[Biotechnology|biotech]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agriculture and Food |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/issues/GE/overview/causes/corporate/patents-and-biopiracy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919153226/http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/issues/GE/overview/causes/corporate/patents-and-biopiracy |archive-date=2008-09-19 |access-date=2013-11-04 |website=Green Peace Australia Pacific: What We Do: Food |publisher=[[Greenpeace]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarun 1990s yawancin manyan kamfanonin magunguna da magunguna sun amsa ga cajin biopiracy ta hanyar dakatar da aiki a kan kayayyakin halitta, suna juyawa zuwa ilmin sunadarai don haɓaka sabbin mahadi.<ref name=":1"/> == Shahararrun shari'o'in satar halittu == [[Fayil:Catharanthus_roseus_white_CC-BY-SA.jpg|right|thumb|Fararen periwinkle mai ruwan hoda]] Rosy periwinkle case ya samo asali ne daga shekarun 1950. Rosy periwinkle, yayin da yake asalin [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], an gabatar dashi a wasu ƙasashe masu zafi a duniya kafin gano vincristine. An bayar da rahoton kasashe daban-daban da suka sami imani daban-daban game da kaddarorin kiwon lafiya na shuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A traditional brew leads to cancer cure |url=http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/zoofood/rosper.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621011629/http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/zoofood/rosper.html |archive-date=2014-06-21 |access-date=2013-11-04 |website=Smithsonian Institution: Migrations in history: Medical Technology |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Wannan yana nufin cewa masu bincike zasu iya samun ilimin gida daga wata ƙasa kuma su shuka samfurori daga wata. Amfani da shuka don [[Ciwon suga|Ciwon sukari]] shine asalin motsawa don bincike. An gano tasiri a cikin maganin Hodgkin lymphoma da leukemia a maimakon haka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hafstein |first=Valdimar Tr |name-list-style=vanc |date=26 July 2004 |title=The Politics of Origins: Collective Creation Revisited |journal=Journal of American Folklore |volume=117 |issue=465 |pages=300–315 |doi=10.1353/jaf.2004.0073 |s2cid=145691975}}</ref> Magungunan Hodgkin lymphoma chemotherapeutic vinblastin ana iya samo shine daga periwinkle mai laushi.<ref name="Karasov">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Karasov C |date=December 2001 |title=Focus: who reaps the benefits of biodiversity? |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=109 |issue=12 |pages=A582-7 |doi=10.2307/3454734 |jstor=3454734 |pmc=1240518 |pmid=11748021}}</ref> === Rikici na Maya ICBG === Rikici na binciken halittu na Maya ICBG ya faru ne a cikin 1999-2000, lokacin da aka zargi Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai ta Duniya da Masanin ilimin halittu Brent Berlin da shiga cikin nau'ikan binciken halittu da basu dace bata hanyar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar. ICBG ta yi niyyar yin rikodin bambancin halittu na Chiapas, [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], da kuma ilimin ethnobotanical na 'yan asalin Maya - don tabbatar da ko akwai yiwuwar haɓaka samfuran kiwon lafiya bisa ga kowane tsire-tsire da kungiyoyin' yan asalin sukayi amfani dasu.<ref name="Hayden2003">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Shari'ar Maya ICBG ta kasance daga cikin na farko da ta jawo hankali ga matsalolin rarrabewa tsakanin nau'ikan bioprospecting da biopiracy mara kyau, da kuma matsalolin tabbatar da shiga cikin al'umma da kuma amincewar da aka ba da labari ga masu binciken bioprospectors.<ref name="Lavery2007">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> === Itacen neem === [[Fayil:Neemtree.jpg|right|thumb|Itacen neem]] A cikin 1994, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka da W. R. Grace da Kamfanin sun sami takardar shaidar Turai kan hanyoyin sarrafa cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsire-tsire ta amfani da abun da ya haɗa da abubuwan da aka cire daga itacen [[Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)|neem]] (Azadirachta indica), wanda ke girma a duk faɗin [[Indiya]] da [[Nepal]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Method for controlling fungi on plants by the aid of a hydrophobic extracted neem oil |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0436257B1/en |access-date=30 April 2018 |website=google.com}}</ref> <ref name="NatureBiotechneem">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sheridan C |date=May 2005 |title=EPO neem patent revocation revives biopiracy debate |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=511–12 |doi=10.1038/nbt0505-511 |pmid=15877054 |s2cid=29690410}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000 kungiyoyi dayawa daga EU da Indiya sunyi nasarar adawa da takardar shaidar ta hanyar tsayayya da ita ta hanyar tsaron EU, [[Vandana Shiva]], da kuma Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa ta Motsi na Aikin Gona (IFOAM) bisa ga cewa an san aikin fungicidal na ƙwayar neem a cikin maganin gargajiya na Indiya.<ref name="NatureBiotechneem" /> WR Grace ta daukaka kara kuma ta rasa a shekara ta 2005. == Shinkafa ta Basmati == A cikin shekara ta 1997, kamfanin RiceTec na Amurka (wani reshe na RiceTec AG na Liechtenstein) yayi ƙoƙari yabada izini ga wasu nau'ikan shinkafa na basmati da shinkafa mai tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rice lines bas 867 rt1117 and rt112 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5663484C1/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430165947/https://patents.google.com/patent/US5663484C1/en |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=30 April 2018 |website=google.com}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta kalubalanci wannan takardar shaidar kuma, a cikin shekara ta 2002, goma sha biyar daga cikin takardar shaidarsa ashirin sun zama marasa inganci.<ref name="10.2139/ssrn.1143209">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mukherjee U |date=June 2008 |title=A study of the basmati case (India-US basmati rice dispute): The geographical indication perspective |journal=[[Social Science Research Network|SSRN]] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1143209 |s2cid=130991379 |ssrn=1143209}}</ref> ==Yaƙin Enola == [[Fayil:"Enola"_Bean_4_(3887465932).jpg|right|thumb|Yaƙin Enola]] Enola bean iri-iri ne na ruwan hoda mai launin rawaya na Mexico, wanda ake kira bayan matar mutumin da yabada izini a shekarar 1999. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pallottini L, Garcia E, Kami J, Barcaccia G, Gepts P |date=1 May 2004 |title=The Genetic Anatomy of a Patented Yellow Bean |url=http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/3/968 |journal=Crop Science |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=968–977 |doi=10.2135/cropsci2004.0968 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050418042121/http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/3/968 |archive-date=18 April 2005}}</ref> Abubuwan da ake zargin bambance-bambance na iri-iri shine tsaba na takamaiman inuwa na rawaya. Mai mallakar takardar shaidar daga baya ya kai karar masu shigo da wake masu launin rawaya na Mexico tare da sakamakon da ya biyo baya: "... tallace-tallace na fitarwa nan da nan ya sauka sama da 90% tsakanin masu shigo da kaya dake sayar da waɗannan wake shekaru dayawa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki ga manoma sama da 22,000 a arewacin Mexico waɗanda suka dogara da tallace-kashen wannan wake. " An shigar da karar a madadin manoma kuma, a cikin 2005, US-PTO tayi mulki a madadin Manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Danielle |name-list-style=vanc |year=2003 |title=Jack and the Enola Bean |url=http://www1.american.edu/TED/enola-bean.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110023325/http://www1.american.edu/TED/enola-bean.htm |archive-date=2013-11-10 |access-date=2013-11-04 |website=TED Case Studies Number xxx |publisher=Danielle Goldberg}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, an soke takardar shaidar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2008 |title=US Patent Office rejects company's claim for bean commonly grown by Latin American farmers |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/bc-upo043008.php |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2021-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515184823/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/bc-upo043008.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==''Hoodia gordonii'' == [[Fayil:Hoodia_gordonii_P1010383.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton mai suna ''Hoodia gordonii'']] ''Hoodia gordonii'', shuka mai ɗanɗano, ya samo asali ne daga hamadar Kalahari ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Domin tsararraki an san shi ga [[Mutanen San]] da ke rayuwa a al'ada a matsayin mai hana cin abinci. A cikin 1996 Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu don Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu tafara aiki tare da kamfanoni, gami da Unilever, don haɓaka ƙarin abinci bisa ga ''Hoodia''.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Maharaj, VJ, Senabe, JV, Horak RM |date=2008 |title=''Hoodia'', a case study at CSIR. Science real and relevant |url=https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/2539 |journal=2nd CSIR Biennial Conference, CSIR International Convention Centre Pretoria, 17&18 November 2008 |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vermeylen |first=Saskia |name-list-style=vanc |year=2007 |title=Contextualizing 'Fair' and 'Equitable': The San's Reflections on the ''Hoodia'' Benefit-Sharing Agreement |journal=Local Environment |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=423–436 |doi=10.1080/13549830701495252 |s2cid=153467522}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynberg |first=Rachel |name-list-style=vanc |date=2013-10-13 |title=Hot air over ''Hoodia'' |url=http://www.grain.org/article/entries/4047-hot-air-over-hoodia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103223041/http://www.grain.org/article/entries/4047-hot-air-over-hoodia |archive-date=2013-11-03 |access-date=2013-11-03 |website=Grain: Publications: Seedling |publisher=Grain}}</ref> Asalin mutanen San ba'a shirya su sami wata fa'ida daga kasuwanci na ilimin gargajiya ba, amma a cikin 2003 Majalisar San ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi yarjejeniya da CSIR inda zasu sami daga 6 zuwa 8% na kudaden shiga daga sayar da kayayyakin ''Hoodia''. A shekara ta 2008 bayan sun saka Yuro miliyan 20 a cikin R&D a kan ''Hoodia'' a matsayin mai yuwuwar sinadarin abinci don asarar nauyi, Unilever ta dakatar da aikin saboda binciken asibiti bai nuna cewa ''Hoodia'' yana da aminci kuma yana da inganci don kawowa kasuwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nutrition &#124; Unilever |url=http://www.unilever.com.au/sustainability/nutrition/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132944/http://www.unilever.com.au/sustainability/nutrition/ |archive-date=2014-04-13 |access-date=2014-04-10}}</ref> ==Ƙarin shari'o'i == Wadannan sune zaɓin ƙarin shari'o'in da suka faru kwanan nan na biopiracy. Yawancin su basu da alaƙa da magungunan gargajiya. * Kashi talatin da shida na satar halittu a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa suffers 36 cases of biopiracy |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/public_agenda/article.php?ID=5062 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124003628/http://www.ghanaweb.com/public_agenda/article.php?ID=5062 |archive-date=January 24, 2013 |access-date=31 March 2006 |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * Labarin abin sha na mutanen Maya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biopiracy - a new threat to indigenous rights and culture in Mexico |url=http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/mexico/biopiracy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013101935/http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/mexico/biopiracy.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2005 |access-date=13 October 2005 |publisher=Global Exchange}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biopiracy: the appropriation of indigenous peoples' cultural knowledge |url=http://www.nesl.edu/intljournal/vol9/degeer.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030925235120/http://www.nesl.edu/intljournal/vol9/degeer.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2003 |access-date=27 February 2008 |publisher=New England Law}}</ref> * Lamarin Maya da sauran mutane suna amfani da ''Mimosa tenuiflora'' da sauran lokuta dayawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of patents & piⓇates |url=https://www.grain.org/en/article/53-of-patents-pi-ates |access-date=18 July 2020 |publisher=Genetic Resources Action International}}</ref> * Lamarin ''maca'' radish na Andean.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2019 |title=Maca: the dubious aphrodisiac Chinese biopirates took from Peru |url=https://dialogochino.net/en/agriculture/31279-maca-the-dubious-aphrodisiac-chinese-biopirates-took-from-peru/ |access-date=18 July 2020 |publisher=Dialogo Chino}}</ref> * Abubuwan da suka shafi ''turmeric'' (India), ''karela'' (India), ''quinoa'' (Bolivia), ''Mantuwa'' da 'ya'yan itace (Gabon), da sauransu. <ref name="pt">{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2010 |title=Know Instances of Patenting on the UES of Medicinal Plants in India |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=61511 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510005340/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=61511 |archive-date=May 10, 2010 |publisher=PIB, Ministry of Environment and Forests}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The United Kingdom Select Committee on Environmental Audit 1999; Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence, Appendix 7: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and Farmers' Rights |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmenvaud/45/45ap08.htm |access-date=18 July 2020 |publisher=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> * Labarin captopril (wanda aka haɓaka daga guba ta ƙabilar Brazil). <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Brazil to step up crackdown on "biopiracy" |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-biopiracy-idUSTRE6BL37820101222 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907145405/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/22/us-brazil-biopiracy-idUSTRE6BL37820101222 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |access-date=18 July 2020 |website=Ruters}}</ref> == Al'amuran shari'a da siyasa == ==Dokar haƙƙin mallaka == Ɗaya daga cikin rashin fahimta na yau da kullun shine kamfanonin magunguna sun bada izini ga tsire-tsire da suke tattarawa. Duk da yake samun takardar shaidar a kan kwayar halitta kamar yadda aka sani ko aka yi amfani da ita a baya bazai yiwu ba, ana iya fitar da takardun shaida a kan takamaiman sunadarai da aka ware ko haɓaka daga tsire-tsire. Sau dayawa ana samun waɗannan takardun shaida tare da bayyanawa da bincike game da amfani da waɗannan sunadarai.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2007}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Gabaɗaya wanzuwar, tsari da kira na waɗancan mahadi ba wani ɓangare ne na ilimin likitanci na asali wanda ya jagoranci masu bincike su bincika shuka da farko. A sakamakon haka, koda kuwa an dauki ilimin likitanci na asali a matsayin fasaha ta baya, wannan ilimin da kansa bayasa mahaɗin sinadarai mai aiki "a bayyane" wanda shine ma'auni da akayi amfani dashi a ƙarƙashin dokar patent. A cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana iya amfani da dokar patent don kare mahadi "mai keɓewa da tsarkakewa" - har ma, a cikin misali ɗaya, sabon sinadarin sunadarai (duba USP 3,156,523). A cikin 1873, [[Louis Pasteur]] ya ba da izini ga "yisti" wanda "ba shi da cuta" (patent # 141072). An bi da takardun shaida da ke rufe abubuwan kirkirar halittu iri ɗaya. A cikin shari'ar 1980 na ''[[Diamond v. Chakrabarty]]'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta amince da takardar shaidar a kan kwayar cuta da aka gyara ta hanyar kwayar cuti don cinye man fetur, tana tunanin cewa dokar Amurka ta bada izinin takardar shaidaya a kan "duk abin da mutum yayi a ƙarƙashin rana". Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka da Trademark (USPTO) ya lura cewa "takardar shaidar kan kwayar halitta ta rufe kwayar halitta da aka ware kuma ta tsarkake amma ba ta rufe kwaya kamar yadda take faruwa a cikin yanayi". Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin dokar Amurka shine ba da izini ga cultivar, sabon nau'in kwayoyin dake akwai. Takardar shaidar a kan wake na Enola (yanzu an soke shi) <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2009 |title=Mexican yellow bean patent finally cooked |url=http://www.patentlyo.com/patent/2009/07/mexican-yellow-bean-patent-finally-cooked.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=PatentlyO}}</ref> misali ne na irin wannan takardar shaidar. Dokokin mallakar ilimi na Amurka sun kuma amince da haƙƙin masu shuka a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Tsire-tsire, 7 USC §§ 2321-2582.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=James Ming |name-list-style=vanc |year=2006 |title=The Parable of the Seeds: Interpreting the Plant Variety Protection Act in Furtherance of Innovation Policy |journal=Notre Dame Law Review |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=105–166 |ssrn=784189}}</ref>&nbsp; ==Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity == [[Fayil:Convention_on_Biological_Diversity2.svg|thumb|   ]] Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity (CBD) ta fara aiki a 1993. Ya sami haƙƙin sarrafa damar samun albarkatun kwayar halitta ga ƙasashen da waɗannan albarkatun suke. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin CBD shine don bada damar ƙasashe masu tasowa don amfana da albarkatunsu da ilimin gargajiya. A karkashin ka'idojin CBD, ana buƙatar masu binciken halittu don samun izinin samun damar samun irin waɗannan albarkatun, kuma dole ne su raba duk fa'idodi tare da ƙasar dake da wadataccen halittu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2012 |title=Cracking down on wildlife trafficking. |url=http://www.scienceinschool.org/2012/issue24/juliana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213818/http://www.scienceinschool.org/2012/issue24/juliana |archive-date=12 August 2014 |website=Image |quote=CBD stating that the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources should be shared in a fair and equitable way (Rau, 2010)}}</ref> Koyaya, wasu masu sukar sunyi imanin cewa CBD ta kasa kafa ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don hana satar halittu. Sauran suna da'awar cewa babban matsalar ita ce gazawar gwamnatocin ƙasa don zartar da dokoki masu dacewa da aiwatar da tanadin CBD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policy Commissions |url=http://www.iccwbo.org/about-icc/policy-commissions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102193344/http://www.iccwbo.org/about-icc/policy-commissions/ |archive-date=2013-11-02 |access-date=2013-11-03 |website=International Chamber of Commerce: About ICC |publisher=International Chamber of Commerce}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar Nagoya ga CBD, wacce ta fara aiki a cikin 2014, ta bada ƙarin ƙa'idodi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2020 |title=The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing |url=https://www.cbd.int/abs/ |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=United Nations Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity}}</ref> Kasashe 196 da hukunce-hukuncen duniya sun tabbatar da CBD, sun yarda ko kuma sun yarda da ita, tare da banbanci ciki har da Mai Tsarki da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="196parties">{{Cite web |date=April 2011 |title=Convention on Biological Diversity: List of parties |url=https://www.cbd.int/information/parties.shtml |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=United Nations Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity}}</ref> ==Yarjejeniyar Bincike == Abubuwan da ake buƙata don binciken halittu kamar yadda CBD ta saita sun kirkiro sabon reshe na haƙƙin mallaka na duniya da Dokar kasuwanci, kwangilar binciken halittu.<ref name="CBD1"/> Kundin bincike na halittu ya kafa ka'idojin raba fa'idodi tsakanin masu bincike da ƙasashe, kuma yana iya kawo sarauta ga Kasashe masu tasowa. Koyaya, kodayake waɗannan kwangila sun dogara ne akan yardar da aka ba da labari da diyya (ba kamar biopiracy ba), kowane mai shi ko mai ɗaukar ilimin asali da albarkatun ba koyaushe ake tuntuɓar ko biyan diyya ba, saboda zai zama da wahala a tabbatar da cewa an haɗa kowane mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shiva |first=Vandana |name-list-style=vanc |date=2007 |title=Bioprospecting as Sophisticated Biopiracy |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |language=en |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=307–313 |doi=10.1086/508502 |issn=0097-9740 |s2cid=144229002}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Millum |first=Joseph |name-list-style=vanc |date=2010 |title=How Should the Benefits of Bioprospecting Be Shared? |journal=Hastings Center Report |language=en |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=24–33 |doi=10.1353/hcr.0.0227 |issn=1552-146X |pmc=4714751 |pmid=20169653}}</ref> Saboda wannan, wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa 'yan asalin ko wasu al'ummomi sun samar da wani nau'i na wakilin karamin gwamnati wanda zai tattauna da masu bincike don samar da kwangila ta hanyar da al'umma zata amfana daga shirye-shiryen.<ref name=":2" /> Ana iya kallon kwangilar bioprospecting mara kyau (kamar yadda ya bambanta da na ɗabi'a) a matsayin sabon nau'in biopiracy. Misali na kwangilar bioprospecting shine yarjejeniyar tsakanin Merck da INBio na Costa Ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eberlee |first=John |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000-01-21 |title=Assessing the Benefits of Bioprospecting in Latin America |url=http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/32433/1/114581.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623025334/http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/32433/1/114581.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-23 |access-date=2013-11-03 |website=IDRC Reports Online |publisher=IDRC}}</ref> ==Bayanan ilimin gargajiya == Saboda shari'o'in da suka gabata na biopiracy da kuma hana ƙarin shari'oʼi, Gwamnatin Indiya ta canza bayanan gargajiya na Indiya daga rubuce-rubucen tsohuwar da sauran albarkatun zuwa albarkatun lantarki; wannan ya haifar da Laburaren Al'adun Al'ada a cikin 2001.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bisht TS, Sharma SK, Sati RC, Rao VK, Yadav VK, Dixit AK, Sharma AK, Chopra CS |date=March 2015 |title=Improvement of efficiency of oil extraction from wild apricot kernels by using enzymes |journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=1543–51 |doi=10.1007/s13197-013-1155-z |pmc=4348260 |pmid=25745223}}</ref> Ana rubuta matani daga Tamil, [[Sanskrit]], [[Urdu]], [[Farisawa|Farisa]] da [[Larabci]]; ana samun su ga ofisoshin patent a Turanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Jafananci da Mutanen Espanya. Manufar itace kare al'adun Indiya daga kamfanonin kasashen waje dake amfani dasu. Ana kuma adana daruruwan yoga a cikin tarin.<ref name=":3" /> Har ila yau, ɗakin karatu ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi tare da manyan Ofisoshin patent na kasa da kasa kamar su Ofishin Patent na Turai (EPO), Ofishin Trademark & Patent na Burtaniya (UKTPO) da Ofishin Patent da Trademark na Amurka don kare ilimin gargajiya daga biopiracy yayin da yake bada damar masu jarrabawa a Ofisoshin Patent na Duniya don samun damar bayanan TKDL don bincike da jarrabawa.<ref name="pt"/> == Dubi kuma == <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> * Babban abin dake cikin ilimi / dukiyar ilimi[[Intellectual property|Dukiyar hankali]] * [[Natural capital|Babban birnin halitta]] * [[Biological patent|Takardar shaidar halittu]] * [[Traditional knowledge|Ilimin gargajiya]] / Ilimin asalin ƙasar[[Indigenous knowledge|Ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar]] * [[Pharmacognosy|Magunguna]] * [[Plant breeders' rights|Hakkin masu shuka shuke-shuke]] * [[Bioethics|Bioths]] * [[Maya ICBG bioprospecting controversy|Rikici na nuna bambancin halittu na Maya ICBG]] * [[International Cooperative Biodiversity Group|Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai ta Duniya]] * [[Biological Diversity Act, 2002|Dokar Biological Diversity, 2002]] * Yarjejeniya kan Al'amuran Kasuwanci na 'Yancin Mallaka (TRIPS) (1994) * [[International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture|Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan albarkatun shuke-shuke don abinci da aikin gona]] (2001) </div> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Littattafai da albarkatu ==   == Haɗin waje == * Daga Afirka: Asirin Samun dama da raba fa'ida - wani rahoto na 2006 game da satar halittu a Afirka ta [http://www.edmonds-institute.org/ Cibiyar Edmonds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725170829/https://www.edmonds-institute.org/ |date=2024-07-25 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041224233949/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=127 Sanarwar Cape Town] - Biowatch Afirka ta Kudu * [https://grain.org/ Ayyukan Al'amuran Halitta na Duniya (GRAIN)] * [https://www.scidev.net/asia-pacific/news/indian-scientist-denies-accusation-of-biopiracy-sa/ Masanin kimiyya na Indiya ya musanta zargin da ake yi na satar halittu] - SciDev.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Net * [https://www.scidev.net/global/news/african-biopiracy-debate-heats-up/ Tattaunawar 'biopiracy' ta Afirka ta yi zafi] - SciDev.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Net * [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/312/bioprospectinglegitimateresearchorbiopiracy.pdf Bioprospecting: bincike na halal ko 'biopiracy'?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818080851/https://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/312/bioprospectinglegitimateresearchorbiopiracy.pdf |date=2022-08-18 }} - SciDev.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Net * Takardun rukuni na ETC a kan Biopiracy: Batutuwa sun haɗa da: patent na Monsanto a kan dukkan kwayoyin soya da aka gyara (EP0301749); Patents na Biology na Synthetic (na wucin gadi, siffofin rayuwa na musamman); Terminator Seed Technology; da dai sauransu. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070709054650/http://www.etcgroup.org/en/issues/biopiracy.html Batutuwan sun haɗa da: patent na jinsin Monsanto a kan dukkan soya da aka canza (EP0301749); Patents na Biology na Synthetic (na wucin gadi, siffofin rayuwa na musamman); Terminator Seed Technology; da dai sauransu.] * [https://academic.oup.com/plphys/article/134/4/1295/6112341 Wanene Mai Biodiversity, kuma Ta yaya Ya kamata a biya masu shi?], Plant Physiology, Afrilu 2004, Vol. 134, shafuffuka na 1295-1307&nbsp; * {{Cite journal |vauthors=Heald PJ |year=2001 |title='Your Friend in the Rain Forest': An Essay on the Rhetoric of Biopiracy |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.285177}} {{Indigenous rights footer}}{{Natural resources}}{{Property navbox}} [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8xxya8dtlm5oo42h8ywm8j2y9h1ggof 0 81626 551856 526387 2024-12-04T19:30:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Agidigbo 88.7 FM''' tashar rediyo ce da ke [[Ibadan]], Jihar Oyo, Najeriya . Ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a ranar 25 ga Maris 2021 kuma mallakar Oriyomi Hamzat ne, wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen iska. Hamzat a baya ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na kan layi, kodayake an kwace kayan aikinsa bayan ya soki tsohon gwamnan Jihar Oyo [[Abiola Ajimobi]] .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Olufemi |first=Alfred |date=2021-05-04 |title=Interview: Why investigative journalism is difficult in broadcast industry — Agidigbo FM manager |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/459314-interview-why-investigative-journalism-is-difficult-in-broadcast-industry-agidigbo-fm-manager.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027152859/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/459314-interview-why-investigative-journalism-is-difficult-in-broadcast-industry-agidigbo-fm-manager.html |archive-date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2021-10-27 |website=Premium Times |language=en-NG}}</ref> Tare da taken, 'muryar mutane', tashar tana alfahari da kanta a matsayin mai kara damuwar mutum na yau da kullun. Mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da mai watsa shirye-shirye, Oriyomi Hamzat ne ya kafa ta don haka ya zama tashar rediyo ta farko a Ibadan da aka ba da lasisi ga ɗan jarida mai watsa shirye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=oyonews |last2=oyonews |date=2020-11-19 |title=Oriyomi Hamzat floats Agidigbo f.m. |url=https://oyonews.com.ng/oriyomi-hamzat-floats-agidigbo-f-m/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=oyonews.com.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228015236/https://oyonews.com.ng/oriyomi-hamzat-floats-agidigbo-f-m/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Da zarar yana aiki a intanet kafin a rushe shi a cikin fashewar wuta a watan Afrilu 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Musliudeen |date=2020-04-12 |title=Fire razes radio station's studio in Ibadan |url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/12/fire-razes-radio-stations-studio-in-ibadan/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Atanda |date=2020-04-12 |title=Fire razes radio station |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/387453-fire-razes-radio-station.html |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> tashar rediyo ta fara watsawa ta ƙasa a watan Fabrairun, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=BREAKING: Fire guts radio station in Ibadan {{!}} The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-fire-guts-radio-station-in-ibadan/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fara cikakken watsa shirye-shiryen kasuwanci a ranar 15 ga Maris 2021 kuma daga baya gwamnan Jihar Oyo ya ba da izini a ranar 25 ga Maris 2021, Babban Injiniya Oluseyi Abiodun Makinde inda Gwamnan ya yaba da matakan gidan rediyo a cikin 'yan makonni bayan kafa shi da kuma kyakkyawar niyyar wanda ya kafa shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NG |first=Newsline |title=Gov. Makinde commissions Agidigbo 88.7FM in Oyo |url=https://www.newslineng.com.ng/2021/03/gov-makinde-commissions-agidigbo-887fm.html |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Newsline Online News Portal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InsideOyo |date=2021-03-26 |title=Makinde Commends Oriyomi Hamzat Over Agidigbo FM |url=https://www.insideoyo.com/makinde-commends-oriyomi-hamzat-over-agidigbo-fm/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=InsideOyo.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Xtra - Breaking News, Latest Stories & Top Headlines Today |url=https://www.xtra.net/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Xtra |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308100830/https://www.xtra.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=Gov. Makinde Launches Oriyomi Hamzat's Agidigbo FM In Ibadan ( Photos ) |url=https://westerndailynews.com/gov-makinde-launches-oriyomi-hamzats-agidigbo-fm-in-ibadan-photos/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Western Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Tashar rediyo wacce ke gudanar da Yoruba, Turanci da Pidgin tana nuna roƙo ga haɗin birni na 'yan asalin ƙasar da masu sauraro na zamani kuma ma'anar siyarwarsa ta musamman ita ce alaƙar watsa shirye-shiryen kusurwar ɗan adam. Tashar ta yi tafiya a kan Air Personalities ciki har da Oriyomi Hamzat, Ajibola Akinyefa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinola |first=sikiru |date=2021-02-14 |title=Oriyomi Hamzat's Agidigbo 88.7 FM 'Signs' Lagelu FM's Akinyefa, Naija FM's Shekinah Adegoke |url=https://oyoinsight.com/oriyomi-hamzats-agidigbo-88-7-fm-signs-lagelu-fms-akinyefa-naija-fms-shekinah-adegoke/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=OyoInsight |language=en-US}}</ref> Adedotun Amosun 'Soul", <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-03-24 |title=BREAKING: 'Soul Of Radio' Joins Agidigbo FM, Fresh FM 'Signs' Dandy |url=https://oyoinsight.com/breaking-soul-of-radio-joins-agidigbo-fm-fresh-fm-signs-dandy/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=OyoInsight |language=en-US}}</ref> Yousuph Adebayo Grey, Abdulganeey Abdulrazaq 'Mr. GRA", Sekinat Adegoke Yusuph, Adenike Isola, Titlayo Akande, da sauransu. Mafi shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da shirin sasantawa na iyali, Kokoro Alate, sharhin zamantakewa da siyasa, Awa Ara Wa da Bo Se Nlo Extra, hira ta siyasa, jawabin kasa wanda ya nuna tsohon Ministan Matasa da Wasanni, Solomon Dalung, <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Discourse With Mr Solomon Dalung: The Dynamics Of Politics In Nigeria. |url=https://agidigbo887fm.com/podcast/national-discourse-with-mr-solomon-dalung-the-dynamics-of-politics-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Agidigbo FM {{!}} The People's Voice |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228020742/https://agidigbo887fm.com/podcast/national-discourse-with-mr-solomon-dalung-the-dynamics-of-politics-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> tsohon gwamnan Jihar Ekiti, Engr. Segun Oni, wani lokaci dan takarar shugaban kasa, Omoyele Sowore a tsakanin sauran fitattun 'yan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Discourse with Engr Segun Oni |url=https://agidigbo887fm.com/podcast/national-discourse-with-engr-segun-oni/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Agidigbo FM {{!}} The People's Voice |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228015238/https://agidigbo887fm.com/podcast/national-discourse-with-engr-segun-oni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 'yan makonni na farko na wanzuwarsa, Agidigbo 88.7 FM ya ci gaba da yin labarai don tsarin da ya biyo baya ga watsa shirye-shirye. Wannan ya nuna a cikin shirye-shiryen gidan rediyo wanda ya ba da fifiko ga magana fiye da kiɗa, labarai na yau da kullun wanda ke ba da shawarar manufofin edita wanda ke da alaƙa da labarun kusurwar ɗan adam, rahoto na asali da wasiƙu na kai tsaye, haɗin haɗin halayen iska da kuma shawarar sa na gudanar da sa'o'i 24 na watsa shirye-shirye a kowace rana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Iyanda |first=Mutiu |date=2021-08-07 |title=How Ibadan Radio Stations Could Win Facebook-Radio Convergence Game |url=https://www.tekedia.com/how-ibadan-radio-stations-could-win-facebook-radio-convergence-game/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Tekedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Agidigbo 88.7 FM kuma ya ba mutane da yawa mamaki ta hanyar nada wani dan jarida mai shekaru 25, marubuci da kuma mai watsa labarai, Yousuph Adebayo Grey a matsayin Shugaban Tashar, mafi ƙanƙanta da kasar ta taɓa gani. Tare da shirin bincikensa, Digging Deep, Agidigbo 88.7 FM ya kuma tabbatar da yiwuwar aikin jarida na bincike a rediyo. A cikin wata hira da Premium Times, Shugaban Tashar ya lura cewa, "abin da ya fi muhimmanci idan ya zo ga ci gaba da teburin bincike shine ya yarda da kiranka kuma wani abu ne da mutanen da kuke watsa shirye-shirye suka cancanci. Wannan kadai zai taimaka maka ka yi kokari sosai don kiyaye shi. Kusan, ba za ku iya sanya tallace-tallace a kai ba. Muna da kimanin shirye-shiryen 105 a tashar rediyo, don haka idan mutum ba ya ba da kudaden shiga kai tsaye, ba za mu yi aiki don yin haɗin gwiwa tare da wannan kyakkyawar aikin jarida ba.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin kimanin watanni uku da aka kafa ta, an yaba wa Agidigbo 88.7 FM saboda kalubalantar halin da ake ciki a cikin masana'antar watsa shirye-shirye a birnin Ibadan mafi mahimmanci tare da fadadawa game da zaɓen kananan hukumomi na 2021. Tashar rediyo tana riƙe da karfi na dijital <ref name=":1"/> kuma tana kan hanya don zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun alamun rediyo a Najeriya. == Bayanan da aka ambata == dz1e3a04nll4nodiul1k905etm428a3 0 82479 552340 497842 2024-12-05T11:41:54Z Maryamarh 29382 552340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Daddi ko Daddi-Ramewadi, Gari ne a hukumar Belagavi a kudancin jihar Karnataka, Indiya. Wannan wurin da aka fi sani da wurin haifuwar Shri Pant Balekundri Maharaj.Daddi dake kan cikakkiyar haduwar kogin Ghatprabha da Tamrparni. DADDI kuma ya shahara da kasuwar sa da ake gudanarwa ranar litinin mako. ==manazarta== https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210946/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/ https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ--wAEACAAJ 7n71o84ciwsvexy1cgi9ll5pkrt1yd8 0 84263 551738 523227 2024-12-04T14:29:02Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A posture of Pepe Kalle in 1978.jpg|thumb|Pépé Kallé]] '''Pépé Kallé''', wani lokaci ana rubuta shi da '''Pepe Kalle''' an haife shi Nuwamba 30 ga wata, shekara ta 1951 - ya mutu Nuwamba 29, 1998, Kongo soukous Mawaƙa, [[mawaƙi]] da [[bandleader]]. ==Tarihi== An haifi Pépé Kallé Kabasele Yampanya a [[Kinshasa]] (sannan Léopoldville) a cikin [[Belgian Kongo]], amma daga baya ya ɗauki sunan sa don girmama mai ba shi shawara, Le Grand Kallé. Tare da nau'in-octave kewayon murya da tsayayyen kasancewar mataki, {{convert|210|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} da {{convert|150|kg|lb|abbr= on}} mawakin ya rubuta wakoki sama da dari uku da albums ashirin<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trendzikizm |date=2023-06-04 |title=Young Africa by Pepe Kalle ft Empire Bakuba - Download Mp3 |url=https://zambia.spen-tech.com/2023/06/04/young-africa-by-pepe-kalle-ft-empire-bakuba/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Zambia Music |language=en-US}}</ref>a lokacin aikinsa na tsawon shekaru goma. An san shi da ƙauna da "giwa ta kiɗan Afirka" da "La Bombe Atomique,"<ref>{{Cite web | kwanan wata = 1999-01-19 | title=Obituary: Pepe Kalle |url=https://www.independent. co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-pepe-kalle-1074850.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | date=2023-02-01 |title=Shekaru 20 bayan rasuwar Pepe Kalle, ina taurarin Empire Bakuba? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/20-years-after-pepe-kalle-s-death-where-are-empire-bakuba-stars--1797774 |shiga- date=2023-07-22 |website=Duba |language=en}}</ref> Kallé ya nishadantar da masu sauraro tare da kwazonsa. Mawaƙin guitarist shine Solomon. == Sana'ar Kida da waka== Ayyukan kiɗansa ya fara ne da [[Le Grand Kallé et l'African Jazz | l'African Jazz]], ƙungiyar [[Le Grand Kallé]]. Daga baya ya yi wasa a [[L'Orchestre Bella | Bella Bella]] kuma ya zama jagoran mawaƙin [[Lipua Lipua]], inda ya yi waƙa tare da [[Nyboma | Nyboma Mwandido]]. A cikin 1972, Kallé tare da [[Dilu Dilumona]] da [[Papy Tex]], sun bar Lipua Lipua don kafa ƙungiyarsu mai suna [[Empire Bakuba]]. Daular Bakuba ta samo sunanta daga wata ƙabila ta mayaƙan Kongo, kuma a fili ta haɗa kaɗe-kaɗe daga cikin gida, sautunan da shahararriyar [[Congolese rumba|rumba] suka daɗe suna jingine su. Ƙungiyar ta kasance abin bugu nan take, kuma tare da [Zaiko Langa Langa] sun zama mashahurin ƙungiyar matasa [[Kinshasa]]. Tare da hits irin su ''Dadou'' na Pépé Kallé's' da Papy Tex's '' Sango ya mawa '', ƙungiyar ta kasance mai tsayin daka akan jadawalin. Sun kuma kirkiro sabuwar rawa mai suna [[kwassa kwassa]]. A ranar cikarsu ta goma a cikin 1982, an zaɓi ƙungiyar [Zaire] ta babban rukunin. A cikin farkon 1980s, Empire Bakuba ya ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da yawa yayin da yake fitar da kasa da albums guda hudu a shekara. A tsakiyar shekarun tamanin, suna da manyan mabiya a ko'ina cikin [[Francophone]] Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka. Haɗin gwiwarsa na 1986 tare da Nyboma mai lakabi ''Zouke zouke'' yana ɗaya daga cikin shekarun da suka fi sayar da albam.<ref>{{Cite book | last1=Stapleton |first1=Chris |title=Dukkan Taurari na Afirka: Pop Music of a Continent | last2=Mayu |first2=Chris |Mawallafi=Quartet |shekara=1987 |isbn=9780704325043 |wuri=London, England |shafukan=158 |harshe=Hausa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Wakoki 100+ Masu kama da Zouke - Zouke na Pepe Kalle {{!}} Gemtracks |url=https://www.gemtracks.com/similar-songs/view-song.php?song=zouke---zouke&artist=pepe- kalle&year=1986&id=2CkNoBNgXS5EZr6uzEdPF2 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Gemtracks.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FAGOstore - Empire Bakuba - Pepe Kalle & Nyboma (LP) | url=https://www.fagostore.com/vare/7783-empire-bakuba-pepe-kalle-nyboma-lp |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.fagostore.com}}</ref> Amma shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu da Nyboma, ''Moyibi'' (1988), wanda ya ƙaddamar da shahararsa a duk faɗin Afirka. A cikin wakar Moyibi, akwai wani bangare a karshen da ke cewa ''Bakule, bakule''. An ɗauko ɓangaren ''bakule'' daga waƙar [[Rock-a-Mambo]] mai suna Bakoule (Bidama), wanda Honore Liengo ya rubuta a 1961. A cikin ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s, Kallé ya haɗa abubuwa na sigar sauri ta [[soukous]] wanda aka samar a cikin [[Paris]] studios. Kundin sa na 1990, [[Roger Milla]] - girmamawa ga fa'idodin manyan [[Kamarou | ɗan Kamaru]] [[Roger Milla | ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]], babban misali ne na wannan tsari. Daga baya Pépé Kallé ya gabatar da wasu ƴan rawa masu nakasa kamar Jolie Bebe, Dominic Mabwa da Ayilla Emoro cikin ƙungiyar sa. A cikin 1992 ƙungiyar ta fuskanci babban bala'i na farko lokacin da Emoro, dwarf ɗin rawa na ƙungiyar, ya mutu yayin da yake balaguro a [[Botswana]]. Duk da wannan koma baya, shahararren Pépé Kallé ya ci gaba da karuwa a cikin shekaru casa'in yayin da ya fitar da albam kamar "Gigantafrique", "Mafi girma fiye da rayuwa" da "Cocktail". <ref>{{cite yanar gizo|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/Remembering-the-gentle-giant-of-Congo-music/1220-2974852-1gqofxz/index.html| title=Tuna da katon kato na Kongo music|shafin yanar gizo=Al'ummar yau da kullum|kwana = Yuli 5, 2020 }}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sauran almara kamar [[Lutumba Simaro]] da [[N'Yoka Longo]]. ==Mutuwa== A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1998, Pépé Kalé ya sami bugun zuciya a gidansa da ke [[Kinshasa]] kuma an garzaya da shi zuwa kusa da [[Clinique Ngaliema]]. Jim kadan bayan tsakar dare a ranar Lahadi 29 ga watan Nuwamba, an ce Pépé Kalé ya mutu. An bayar da rahoton dalilin mutuwarsa a hukumance [[myocardial infarction]]. Bayan rasuwarsa, ministar al'adu da fasaha Juliana Lumumba ta sanar da cewa gwamnati za ta gudanar da jana'izar jarumin a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba. Daga nan kuma ta bukaci a dakatar da duk wasu wasannin kade-kade don girmama shi.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.insideworldmusic.com/library/blpepe.htm|title=Pepe Kalle, 1951–1998|shafin yanar gizo=insideworldmusic.com}}</ref> Bayan rasuwarsa Kalé ya samu yabo daga ministocin gwamnati da sauran jama'a ma. Gawarsa ya kwanta a wurare da yawa a cikin birnin da ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki. Sama da mutane miliyan daya ne aka bayar da rahoton cewa sun yi gaisuwar ta karshe a jana'izar sa da aka yi a Palais du Peuple da kuma kan hanyar jana'izar. An yi jana'izar Pépé Kallé a ranar 6 ga Disamba a [[Makabartar Gombe]] (''Cimetiere De La Gombe'') a wani gagarumin biki. Yana daga cikin ƙwararrun taurarin mawakan Kongo waɗanda suka mutu da ƙuruciya. Ya rasu ya bar ‘ya’yansa biyar. Matarsa ta rasu kwanan nan a shekarar 2019. Jama’a sun bayyana shi a matsayin hazikin mawaki kuma shugaban kungiyar makada. Wasu kuma sun bayyana shi a matsayin dan kishin kasa mai kaunar kasarsa ko da a lokuta masu tsanani. "Duk da rashin kyawun yanayi a Zaïre/Congo a cikin shekarun baya na Mobutu da kuma ƙarƙashin mulkin Laurent Kabila, Pépé Kallé ya ci gaba da zama a Kinshasa, ya ƙi shiga ƙungiyar taurarin kiɗan zuwa Turai. matsala da kowa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 25dlt7x91do4xojxjy1ws64a14pwv2h 0 84270 552357 529102 2024-12-05T11:47:24Z Maryamarh 29382 552357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bankin Gidaje na Ruwanda,''' (HBR), bankin kasuwanci ne a Ruwanda. Sunan shi a cikin Faransanci shi ne "Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda SA (BHR)". Bankin yana ɗaya daga cikin bankunan kasuwanci da Babban Bankin ƙasar Ruwanda, mai kula da harkokin banki na ƙasa ya ba da lasisi.<ref> List of Licensed Commercial Banks In Rwanda Archived 2012-05-12 at the Wayback Machine</ref><ref> "History of Housing Bank of Rwanda". Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2012-06-05.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 0wkbbw2t9kqgp3gn265mgdvi2cy9uhs 0 85427 551815 529731 2024-12-04T17:15:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551815 wikitext text/x-wiki Pierre was born on 7 June 1994 in Brixton, Greater London.<ref name="London">{{Cite journal |last=Hedley |first=Mark |date=24 May 2019 |title=Aaron Pierre is the South Londoner taking over stage and screen |url=https://squaremile.com/features/aaron-pierre-interview/ |journal=Square Mile |access-date=13 May 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHedley2019">Hedley, Mark (24 May 2019). </cite></ref> He is of Jamaican, [[Curacao|Curaçaoan]], and [[Saliyo|Sierra Leonean]] descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My heritage consists of Jamaica, Curaçao and Sierra Leone. Recently, for the first time in my life, I visited Curaçao. It was everything. Thank you Curaçao for receiving me, educating me, and bringing me immense joy. Danki! |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cxvnww0oGD7/?hl=en |website=Instagram}}</ref>   Aaron Stone Pierre (an haife shi 7 Yuni 1994) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Ingila. Bayan horo day samu a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Fasaha ta London, Pierre ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Dev-Em yana a cikin jerin tatsuniyoyin kimiyya ''Krypton'' (2018-2019). Tun daga wannan lokacin ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na zamani mai suna The Underground Railroad (2021), da kuma wasu fina-finai masu ban ''Tsohon gaske'' Old (2021) == Rayuwa ta farko == Pierre was born on 7 June 1994 in Brixton, Greater London.<ref name="London"/> He is of Jamaican, [[Curacao|Curaçaoan]], and [[Saliyo|Sierra Leonean]] descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My heritage consists of Jamaica, Curaçao and Sierra Leone. Recently, for the first time in my life, I visited Curaçao. It was everything. Thank you Curaçao for receiving me, educating me, and bringing me immense joy. Danki! |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cxvnww0oGD7/?hl=en |website=Instagram}}</ref> Ya shiga cikin wasanni da tsere tun yana yaro kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana matashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goulakos |first=Katina |title=Aaron Pierre |url=https://theimagista.com/aaron-pierre/ |journal=Imagista |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> Ya shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Croydon Young People (CRYPT) da zarar ya koma yankuna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Holly |date=4 August 2018 |title=Actor Aaron Pierre: 'I've been taking notes from Mark Rylance since day one' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/aug/04/actor-aaron-pierre-interview-mark-rylance-othello-globe-krypton |journal=The Guardian |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okundaye |first=Jason |date=14 May 2021 |title=Aaron Pierre on The Underground Railroad and working with 'genius' Barry Jenkins |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/aaron-pierre-the-underground-railroad |journal=GQ |access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref> Ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Lewisham kafin ya ci gaba da horo a [[Toronto]] da kuma Kwalejin Kiɗa da Fasaha ta London, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradshaw |first=Paul |date=10 June 2021 |title='The Underground Railroad' star Aaron Pierre: "Certain doors are now being opened" |url=https://www.nme.com/features/tv-interviews/aaron-pierre-the-underground-railroad-old-interview-2964786 |journal=NME |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Loades |first=Bec |date=19 August 2018 |title=In Conversation with Aaron Pierre |url=https://www.menswearstyle.co.uk/2018/08/19/in-conversation-with-aaron-pierre/8251 |journal=Menswear Style |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=24 May 2021 |title=Aaron Pierre |url=https://1883magazine.com/aaron-pierre/ |journal=1883 |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Pierre ya bayyana a cikin abubuwa 2 na jerin BBC One The A Word kuma ya buga was tare da wani soja na Roma Antonius a cikin jerin 1 na jerin Sky Atlantic Britannia . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bley Griffiths |first=Eleanor |date=13 April 2018 |title=Meet the cast of The A Word series 2 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/a-word-cast/2/ |journal=Radio Times |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514050157/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/a-word-cast/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya fara fitowa a matsayin Dev-Em a cikin jerin Syfy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bastianello |first=Maria |date=20 July 2018 |title=5 Talkie Minutes with Aaron Pierre: on 'Britannia' and 'Krypton' |url=https://www.theitalianreve.com/5-talkie-minutes-with-aaron-pierre-on-britannia-and-krypton/ |journal=The Italian Rêve |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2018 |title=Aaron Pierre – Character – Krypton |url=https://www.syfy.com/krypton/cast/aaron-pierre |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=Syfy}}</ref> ''Krypton''<ref>{{Cite journal |date=26 July 2018 |title=Aaron Pierre on Krypton, Britannia & Othello |url=https://www.crookesmagazine.com/television/aaron-pierre/ |journal=Crookes Magazine |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] hoj3wfc81c8yimwq5wv19l0zrxeh0o7 0 85828 551847 534744 2024-12-04T19:20:11Z Maryamarh 29382 Gyara kalmomi 551847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tururuwa,''' Wasu kwari ne masu zaman kansu na iyali '''Formicidae''' kuma, tare da ƙudan zuma masu alaƙa, suna cikin odar Hymenoptera. Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga magabatan wasp na vespoid a cikin lokacin Cretaceous.Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga magabatan wasp na vespoid a cikin lokacin Cretaceous. Fiye da 13,800 na jimlar 22,000 na nau'ikan an rarraba su.Ana iya gane su cikin sauƙi ta hanyar antennae (eriya) ɗin su na geniculate (gwiwoyi) da keɓantaccen tsari mai kama da kumburi wanda ke samar da siririn kugu. Tururuwa suna samar da mallaka masu girma daga mutane goma sha biyu galibi suna zama a cikin ƙananan ramukan halitta zuwa ƙauyuka masu tsari waɗanda za su iya mamaye manyan yankuna masu girman gida wanda ya ƙunshi miliyoyin mutane ko zuwa ɗaruruwan miliyoyi a cikin manyan yankuna.Mallaka na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na bakararre, mata marasa fuka, yawancinsu ma'aikata ne (ergates), da sojoji (dinergate) da sauran ƙungiyoyi na musamman.Kusan dukkan yankunan tururuwa kuma suna da wasu maza masu haihuwa da ake kira "drones" da kuma mace ɗaya ko fiye da ake kira "Queens" (gynes).An siffanta yankunan a matsayin mafi-fita saboda tururuwa suna bayyana suna aiki a matsayin haɗin kai, tare da yin aiki tare don tallafawa mulkin mallaka. Ƙungiyoyin ant al'ummai suna da rarrabuwar kawuna, sadarwa tsakanin mutane, da kuma ikon warware matsaloli masu sarkakiya.Waɗannan kamanceceniya da  al'ummomin ɗan adam sun daɗe da zama abin zuga da kuma batun nazari. Yawancin al'adun mutane suna amfani da tururuwa a cikin abinci, magunguna, da kuma bukukuwa.Wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙima a matsayinsu na wakilan kwaro na halitta. Ƙarfinsu na yin amfani da albarkatu na iya haifar da tururuwa cikin rikici da mutane, duk da haka, saboda suna iya lalata amfanin gona da mamaye gine-gine. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar tururuwan wuta da aka shigo da su ja (Solenopsis invicta) na Kudancin Amurka, ana ɗaukar su azaman masu cin zali a wasu sassan duniya, suna kafa kansu a wuraren da aka gabatar da su cikin bazata. == Asali(Tarihi) == Kalmar  ant da kalmar tsoho emmet<ref>emmet. Merriam-Webster Dictionary</ref> an samo su ne daga ante, emete na Turanci ta Tsakiya, waɗanda suka fito daga ǣmette na  Tsohon Turanci; waɗannan duk suna da alaƙa da Low Saxon e(e)mt, empe da iri (Tsohon Saxon emeta) da kuma Jamus Ameise (Tsohon Babban Jamusanci āmeiza).Duk waɗannan kalmomi sun fito ne daga Jamusanci ta Yamma *ǣmaitjōn, kuma asalin ma'anar kalmar shine "mai cizo" (daga Proto-Jamus *ai-, "kashe, nesa" + *mait- "yanke").<ref>"Ant. Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 30 May 2009</ref><ref>"ant". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 6 June 2008.</ref> Sunan iyali Formicidae ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin formīca ("ant")[6] daga cikinsu aka samo kalmomin a cikin wasu yarukan soyayya, kamar su fotiga formiga, formica                                          Romania  ,                     faransa. An yi hasashe cewa kalmar Proto-Indo-Turai  * morwi- ita ce tushen Sanskrit vamrah, Greek μύρμηξ mýrmēx, Tsohon Cocin Slavonic mraviji, Tsohuwar moirb, Tsohon Norse maurr, Dish re Dish miere, da Crimean Gothic miera.<ref>"Pismire". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</ref><ref>"Formic". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 30 January 2012.</ref> == Rabe-Rabe da Juyin halitta == SIyalin Formicidae na cikin odar Hymenoptera, wanda kuma ya haɗa da sawflies, ƙudan zuma, da wasps. Tururuwa sun samo asali ne daga zuriya a cikin magudanar ruwa, kuma binciken 2013 ya nuna cewa su 'yar'uwar kungiyar Apoidea ce.<ref>Johnson BR, Borowiec ML, Chiu JC, Lee EK, Atallah J, Ward PS (October 2013). "Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps". ''Current Biology''. '''23''' (20): 2058–2062. Bibcode:2013CBio...23.2058J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050. <nowiki>PMID 24094856</nowiki>.</ref>Koyaya, tunda Apoidea babbar iyali ce, dole ne a haɓaka tururuwa zuwa matsayi ɗaya.<ref>Fernando Fernández; Roberto J. Guerrero; Andrés F. Sánchez Restrepo (April 2021). "Systematics and diversity of Neotropical ants". ''Revista Colombiana de Entomología''. '''47''' (1): e11082. doi:10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082. hdl:11336/165214.</ref> An gabatar da ƙarin cikakken tsarin haraji na asali a cikin 2020.nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu uku da batattu na tsakiyar Cretaceous Camelomecia  da Camelosphecia  an ajiye su a wajen Formicidae, a cikin wani yanki na daban a cikin babban family Formicoidea, wanda, tare da Apoidea, ke samar da babbar ƙungiyar Formicapoidina.[2] Fernandez et al. == Manazarta == pmhu60gkfk9mxqs1pe1atj7rqm2iobc 0 86582 551998 536946 2024-12-05T04:55:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Asalin == An haifi Rhodes a shekara ta 1853 a Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, kasar Ingila, ɗan na biyar na Reverend Francis William Rhodes ne (a shekara ta 1807 zuwa shekara ta 1878) da matarsa, Louisa Peacock . Francis wani limami ne na Ikilisiyar Ingila wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Brentwood, Essex a (shekara ta 1834 zuwa shekara ta 1843), sannan kuma a matsayin mai ba da izini na Bishop's Stortford a (shekara ta 1849 zuwa shekara ta 1876), inda aka san shi sosai saboda bai taɓa yin wa'azi ba fiye da minti goma. Francis shi ne ɗan fari a wajan William Rhodes ( shekara ta 1774 zuwa shekara ta 1855), mai ƙera tubali daga Hackney, Middlesex . Iyalin sun mallaki manyan kadarori a Hackney da Dalston a kasar London wanda Cecil daga baya ya gaji shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RHODES SETTLED ESTATES |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/9e2b1c35-c6e2-48a4-b87b-dbd3efa6d684 |website=The National Archives}}</ref> Tsohon kakannin Cecil Rhodes shine James Rhodes (fl.1660) na Snape Green, Whitmore, Staffordshire . <ref name="bodl_Pape">{{Cite web |title=Papers of the Rhodes Family (Hildersham Hall collection) |url=http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/blcas/rhodes-fam.html |access-date=4 August 2019 |website=bodley.ox.ac.uk |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927123008/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/blcas/rhodes-fam.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 'Yan uwan Cecil sun hada da Frank Rhodes, jami'in Sojojin kasar Burtaniya. ==Manazarta== a35fjv5r0dfy9lv289if9xzgeht6gbs 0 87153 552091 540024 2024-12-05T08:12:17Z Gwanki 3834 552091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Achuu.jpg|thumb]] Achu/Achou(soup) Miyar achu abincin gargajiya ne a kasar kamaru, mai kalar rawaya <ref>http://www.afdbfoodcuisine.com/recipe/achu-soup/</ref>,anayin abincin neda gwaza(cocoyam)<ref>http://wvfoodrecipes.blogspot.com/2010/10/cameroon-achu_31.html</ref>,anasa sinadarai na spices da kayan yaji da ruwa da manja da “canwa ko Nikki” (limestone), da kifi wasu sinadarai<ref>https://www.tasteatlas.com/achu-soup</ref> == Manazarta == 9f46g0umf1easipeldf0t729hu326iy 0 87864 551997 544035 2024-12-05T04:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carnival na Calabar''' bikin shekara ne da ake gudanarwa a [[Cross River|jihar Cross River]], Najeriya. <ref name="folio.ng">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-14 |title=Inside Calabar Carnival, Africa's Biggest Street Party |url=https://folio.ng/the-magic-of-the-calabar-carnival/ |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=Folio |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda kuma aka fi sani da ''African Biggest Street Party'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nico |date=2014-09-18 |title=History of Calabar Canival – NICO |url=https://nico.gov.ng/2014/09/18/history-of-calabar-canival/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> ana gudanar da bukin a duk watan Disamba kuma gwamnan jihar Cross River na lokacin, Mista [[Donald Duke]] ya ayyana shi a matsayin wani shiri na bikin [[Kirsimeti]] kowace shekara. Ya ce burinsa na samar da bikin shi ne ya mayar da Cross-River gidan yawon bude ido da karbar baki a Najeriya da Afirka. Ingancin bikin ya bunkasa cikin shekaru da dama da ya sa ya zama bikin buki mafi girma a Najeriya kuma bikin da duniya ta amince da shi. A baya dai ana gudanar da taron ne na tsawon wata guda wanda aka fara a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, har sai da tsohon gwamnan jihar, [[Benedict Ayade]] ya rage shi zuwa makonni biyu bayan an zabe shi. A yayin bikin na 2017, tsohon gwamnan jihar Benedict Ayade ya bayyana a jawabinsa cewa bikin na bikin nuna Afirka a matsayin nahiya mafi arziki kuma wuri mai albarka wanda ya kamata matasa su yi alfahari da kasancewarsu. A ko da yaushe bikin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa yayin da ake gudanar da gasa daban-daban kuma ana samun kyautuka masu yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-07 |title=Many shades of Calabar Carnival 2017 |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/many-shades-of-calabar-carnival-2017/ |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> [[Kalaba|Calabar]] wanda kuma aka fi sani da sunan Canaan City, birni ne da ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Calabar ita ce babban birnin jihar Cross River. Calabar na zaune ne kusa da kogin Calabar da [[Babban Kogin Kwa|Great Kwa Rivers da Falls]] da kuma rafukan kogin Cross River. == Tarihi == Bukin Carnival na Calabar ya fara ne a shekara ta 2004 da tsohon gwamna [[Donald Duke]] na Kuros Riba ya yi, a matsayin wata hanya ta inganta harkokin yawon bude ido da inganta tattalin arzikin yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=🏅 CALABAR CARNIVAL 2020-NIGERIA {{!}} Dates, Events & More |url=https://www.carnivaland.net/calabar-carnival/ |access-date=2021-08-01 |website=www.carnivaland.net |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> A cewar Osima-Dokubo, "Bikin bukin na nufin hada wasu abubuwa da suka shafi al'adun gargajiya da al'adun gida da kuma karfafa karfin 'yan yankin na shiga cikin hanyar da ta dace ta fuskar tattalin arziki." <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=🏅 CALABAR CARNIVAL 2020-NIGERIA {{!}} Dates, Events & More |url=https://www.carnivaland.net/calabar-carnival/ |access-date=2021-08-01 |website=www.carnivaland.net |language=en-US}}</ref> ......... == Shirye-shirye == Kwamitin da ke kula da harkokin yawon bude ido da al'adu ne ke tsara shirin a kowace shekara tare da bullo da sabbin tsare-tsare tare da batutuwa daban-daban da aka zaba domin gudanar da bikin Carnival. A watan Disamba 2009, Carnival kwamitin shirya "Carnival Cup 2009", wasan kwallon kafa gasar tsakanin biyar gasa Carnival makada - Seagull, Passion 4, Masta Blasta, Bayside da Freedom. Ana bambanta waɗannan makada ta launukansu; Seagull ita ce ƙungiyar ja kuma an santa da mafi salo da haɗin kai, Passion 4 shine ƙungiyar Green kuma an santa da ƙungiyar mafi nasara, Masta Blasta shine orange kuma mafi girma band, Bayside shine Blue band, kuma 'Yanci ne. rawaya band. <ref name="folio.ng"/> Bikin ya kuma haɗa da wasan kwaikwayon kiɗa daga masu fasaha na gida da na waje, bikin Carnival na shekara-shekara na Calabar, Boat regatta, Nunin Fashion (wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2016). ), Beauty gasar (Miss Africa da aka gabatar a cikin 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Africa Archives |url=https://theparadise.ng/topic/miss-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182838/https://theparadise.ng/topic/miss-africa/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2019-10-18 |website=The Paradise |language=en-GB}}</ref> ) Ƙauyen Kirsimeti, raye-rayen gargajiya da bikin Ekpe na shekara-shekara wanda ke kawo dubban [[Yawon bude ido|'yan yawon bude ido]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ulom |first=Frank |date=2016-12-25 |title=History of Carnival Calabar, It Bands & More |url=https://theparadise.ng/carnival-calabar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713073328/https://theparadise.ng/carnival-calabar/ |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=2019-10-18 |website=The Paradise News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sauran ayyukan da suka hada da wannan bukin sun hada da gasar rubutun kasidu, wadanda suka shafi daliban sakandare da manyan makarantu. An tsara wadannan gasa ne domin bunkasa al'adun karatu a tsakanin matasan jihar da kuma cusa musu al'adun carnival a cikinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-20 |title=Cross River students write essay |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cross-river-students-write-essay/ |access-date=2022-02-18 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2017 An ƙara Bikin Kiɗa na Aljanna da Kyaututtuka zuwa Kalanda na Carnival na Calabar <ref>{{Cite web |last=State |first=Cross River |last2=Calabar |first2=Carnival |title=Carnival Calabar {{!}} Home |url=https://www.carnival.crossriverstate.gov.ng/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Carnival Calabar Website |language=en}}</ref> == Mahalarta == [[Fayil:Calabar_carnival_Dec_2016...1.jpg|thumb]] Taron ya karbi bakuncin mawakan gida da waje, ’yan wasa da ’yan fim, ’yan siyasa da sauran fitattun maza da mata. Wasu daga cikin masu yin nishadi da suka halarci bikin bukin sun hada da [[Lucky Dube]], [[Akon]], Fat Joe, Young Jeezy, Nelly, Kirk Franklin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=2018-07-17 |title=Donald Duke shares how Lucky Dube got his best concert experience in Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-exclusive-donald-duke-shares-how-lucky-dube-got-his-best-concert-experience-in/gyks101 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Jerin wasu makada == * Calas vegas * Soyayya 4 * Ƙungiyar 'yanci * Ƙungiyar Seagull * Masta Blasta * Bayside * Diamond * Hitfm band * FAF band (Florence Agogo Foundation) * Gwamna band <ref>{{Cite web |last=calabargist |date=2023-12-29 |title=Winners For 2023 calabar carnival Bands competition |url=https://calabargist.com/winners-for-2023-calabar-carnival-bands-competition/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=CALABARGIST |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2023-12-30 |title=Calas Vegas band wins 2023 Carnival Calabar |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/?p=802293 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Biki, jigogi da masu nasara == === 2013 === Bukin Carnival na Calabar na 2013 ya mayar da hankali ne kan masu fasahar Najeriya. <ref name=":0"/> Wanda ya lashe gasar carnival na 2013 shine Masta Blasta. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/152200-masta-blasta-emerges-winner-calabar-carnival.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> === 2015 === Taken bikin Carnival na Calabar na 2015 shine sauyin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CALABAR CARNIVAL 2015 |url=http://www.nigeriantouristguide.com/calabar-carnival-2015-pictures/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310032926/http://www.nigeriantouristguide.com/calabar-carnival-2015-pictures/ |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=2016-03-13 |website=Nigerian Tourist Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar tsohon gwamnan jihar Kuros Riba Ben Ayade, bikin ya karbi bakuncin kasashe fiye da 15. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-13 |title=15 countries to attend Calabar Carnival 2015 {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/195134-15-countries-to-attend-calabar-carnival-2015.html |access-date=2021-08-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ɗauki sarauniyar kyau ya kafa ƙungiyar da aka fi sani da ƙungiyar gwamna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-27 |title=Calabar Carnival 2015: Gov Ayade adopts beauty queens |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/calabar-carnival-2015-gov-ayade-adopts-beauty-queens/ |access-date=2021-08-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda ya yi nasara a bikin Carnival na 2015 shine ƙungiyar Passion 4. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2015-12-29 |title=Passion 4 Band Return To Winning Ways, Emerge Carnival Calabar 2015 Winners |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2015/12/passion-4-band-return-to-winning-ways-emerge-carnival-calabar-2015-winners/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-17 |title=2015 Calabar Carnival |url=https://artsymoments.com/2016/01/17/2015-calabar-carnival/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Artsy Moments |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2017 === Hijira dai na da dadadden tarihi a Afirka, domin ita ma ta kasance gidan al'adu da dama tun shekaru aru-aru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Calabar Carnival and Festival |url=http://carnivalcalabar.com.ng/home-10/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123085230/https://carnivalcalabar.com.ng/home-10/ |archive-date=23 January 2022 |access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ifop |first=Frank |date=26 October 2017 |title=CRSG Reveals 2017 Carnival Calabar Theme |url=https://theparadise.ng/carnival-calabar-theme-2017 |access-date=2019-10-18 |website=The Paradise |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wanda ya ci nasara na 2017 carnival shine har yanzu ƙungiyar Passion 4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Tourism: Passion-4 Band in the storm of 2017 Calabar Carnival – The PublicTimes |url=https://publictimes.com.ng/2018/01/10/tourism-passion-4-band-storm-2017-calabar-carnival/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223064220/https://publictimes.com.ng/2018/01/10/tourism-passion-4-band-storm-2017-calabar-carnival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2018 === Buga na 15 na Carnival da aka gudanar a cikin 2018. Gwamnan Jihar Kuros Riba na lokacin [[Benedict Ayade]] ya gabatar da taken " Afrika " don ba da labarin Afirka ta fuskar Afirka. Taken an kuma yi nufin nuna cewa Afirka ta kubuta daga Turawan Yamma kuma ba ta karkashin ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ifop |first=Frank |date=13 June 2018 |title=Carnival Calabar 2018 Theme Dubbed 'Africanism' |url=https://theparadise.ng/carnival-calabar-2018-theme-africanism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711072454/https://theparadise.ng/carnival-calabar-2018-theme-africanism/ |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=2019-10-18 |website=The Paradise |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wanda ya ci nasarar 2018 carnival ya kasance har yanzu ƙungiyar Passion 4 bayan ya lashe shekaru 2 a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-29 |title=Passion 4 Wins 2018 Carnival Calabar And Festival |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2018/12/passion-4-wins-2018-carnival-calabar-and-festival/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2019 === Taken Carnival na Calabar na 2019 "Dan Adam" an halicce shi don ƙalubalantar ɗan adam cewa kowane ɗan adam yana da 'yancin zama. Taken kuma an yi nufin a caje ’yan adam kada ya zama abin ɓacin rai ga rayuwar wani. Baya ga raye-raye da baje kolin al'adun mutanen Afirka, bikin bukin na nufin magance matsalolin duniya, wanda daya daga cikinsu shi ne rashin mutuntaka. Kamar yadda Gwamna Benedict Ayade ya nuna taken bana - Humanity ya jaddada bukatar kowa ya guji yaki domin ba ya bayyana ainihin halayen wadanda ke da'awar son bil'adama. Wadanda suka yi nasara a gasar Carnival na 2019 sune Pasion 4 da Freedom bands, a karon farko a tarihin carnival sun yi kunnen doki a matsayi na farko. === 2020 === A shekarar 2020 ne Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kuros Riba ta yi kira da a dakatar da gudanar da bikin saboda annobar cutar korona da kuma takaita yawan tarukan da ake yi a kasar nan <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-18 |title=CALABAR so different this December! |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/calabar-so-different-this-december/ |access-date=2021-08-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma barnata jama’a da sace-sacen kayayyaki da ababen more rayuwa da ‘yan bogi ke yi a karkashin kulawar. na zanga-zangar #EndSARS. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-19 |title=Cross River Assembly calls for suspension of Calabar Christmas Carnival |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/cross-river-assembly-calls-for-suspension-of-calabar-christmas-carnival/ |access-date=2021-08-14 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2021 === A cikin 2021, Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba, ta soke bikin Carnival Calabar saboda har yanzu [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|cutar ta COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River: Ayade Suspends Calabar Carnival Over Omicron Covid-19 Variant |url=https://www.nigeriainfo.fm/news/homepagelagos/cross-river-ayade-cancels-suspends-calabar-carnival-over-omicron-covid-19-variant/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Nigeria Info, Let's Talk! |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=COVID-19: Ayade Cancels 2021 Calabar Carnival - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/29/covid-19-ayade-cancels-2021-calabar-carnival |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |language=en}}</ref> === 2022 === Bayan hutun shekaru biyu, sakamakon annobar COVID-19, gwamnatin jihar Cross River ta ce za a shirya bukin shekara ta 2022 na jam'iyyar Africa Biggest Street Party, Carnival Calabar, domin sauya fasalin tattalin arzikin jihar. Da yake jawabi ga manema labarai a Calabar kan shirye-shiryen bikin, kwamishinan al’adu da yawon bude ido, [https://www.facebook.com/ericandersonofficial/ Eric Anderson], da Shugaban Hukumar Carnival Gabe Onah, sun ce za a sake lodin taron na kwanaki 32 da kuma halartar taron, tare da ƙwararrun ma’aikata da marasa ƙwarewa. Anderson ya ce gibin da aka samu daga dakatarwar da aka yi na tsawon shekaru biyu, sakamakon COVID-19, za a cika shi da wani gagarumin taron, wanda zai sauya fasalin zamantakewa da siyasa da tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Darakta Janar na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko, Dokta Janet Ekpenyong, wacce ke jagorantar rukunin kiwon lafiya, ta ba da tabbacin shirye-shiryen, don guje wa barkewar cututtuka a yayin taron. Gwamnatin jihar ta kuma sanar da karuwar kungiyoyin da za su fafata, daga biyar zuwa bakwai, da suka hada da Diamond da Kalasvegas Bands, wadanda za su shiga gasar Master Blasta, Passion 4, da ‘yanci da dai sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-24 |title=Calabar Carnival 2022; Cross River plans big after 2 years of COVID-19 break |url=https://ait.live/calabar-carnival-2022-cross-river-plans-big-after-2-years-of-covid-19-break/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=AIT Live News |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2022, wani direban buguwa ya kutsa cikin motarsa a cikin taron jama'ar Carnival, inda ya kashe mutane 14 tare da raunata wasu 24. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=Calabar carnival: 14 killed at annual bikers' event |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64102102 |website=BBC}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga gwamna, Ben Ayade ya dakatar da faretin Biker's Parade - wani bangare na bikin na carnival. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Ulom |date=2022-12-27 |title=Carnival Calabar: Ayade discontinues Bikers' Parade - Converseer |url=https://converseer.com/2891/carnival-calabar-ayade-discontinues-bikers-parade/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=converseer.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Taken Carnival Calabar na 2022 shine "Agro-Industrialization". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Ulom |date=2022-11-13 |title=Ayade urges bands to interpret 2022 Carnival Calabar's theme "Agro-Industrialisation" with utmost importance |url=https://converseer.com/15671/ayade-urges-bands-to-interpret-2022-carnival-calabars-theme-agro-industrialisation-with-utmost-importance/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=converseer.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2023 === Taken bikin na shekarar da ta gabata shi ne "Lokacin Dadi" kuma shi ne bikin Bassey Otu na farko a matsayin gwamna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulom |first=Frank |date=2023-09-03 |title=2023 Carnival Calabar Theme Is "Season Of Sweetness" |url=https://converseer.com/973/2023-carnival-calabar-theme-is-season-of-sweetness/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=converseer.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> === 2024 === Gwamnan jihar Cross River, Bassey Otu ya sanar da taken bikin 2024 na Calabar da ya zama "Yawancinmu na Rana" <ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Leadership |date=2024-03-26 |title=Gov Otu Unveils 2024 Carnival Theme, Declares Festival National Asset |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-otu-unveils-2024-carnival-theme-declares-festival-national-asset/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2024-03-27 |title=Governor Otu Unveils 2024 Calabar Carnival Theme, Says It's An Asset To Tourism |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2024/03/governor-otu-unveils-2024-calabar-carnival-theme-says-its-an-asset-to-tourism/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Telegraph |first=New |last2=Telegraph-Admin |first2=New |date=2024-03-26 |title=Otu Unveils 2024 Calabar Carnival Theme |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/otu-unveils-2024-calabar-carnival-theme/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=New Telegraph |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Bukukuwa a Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8qodc03cicrmaacl19xcufe0jypilp0 0 87988 551988 544714 2024-12-05T03:41:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bikin adabi na Chinua Achebe''' wani taron adabi ne na shekara-shekara da ake gudanarwa domin karrama marubucin Najeriya kuma mawallafin adabi - [[Chinua Achebe]], marubucin ''Things Fall Apart'' (1958), domin tunawa da bikin ayyukansa da kuma gagarumar gudunmawar da ya bayar a fannin adabi. [[Chinua Achebe]] ya rayu tsakanin 16 Nuwamba 1930 zuwa 21 Maris 2013, lokacin da ya mutu a [[Massachusetts]], Amurka. An kaddamar da bikin adabin ne a shekarar 2016, shekaru uku bayan rasuwar Achebe, wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta marubucin Najeriya, dan jarida, kuma mai fafutuka a harshen Igbo Izunna Okafor wanda kuma shi ne kodinetan kungiyar marubutan matasan Najeriya ta jihar Anambra, kungiyar adabi da ta shirya taron. Tun lokacin da aka fara bikin, ana gudanar da taron ne duk shekara a ranar haihuwar Chinua Achebe (16 ga Nuwamba) a dakin karatu na Farfesa [[Kenneth Dike]] Central E-Library da ke [[Awka]], babban birnin [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]], mahaifar Achebe. Gabanin taron a kowace shekara, masu shirya taron suna buɗewa da kuma bayyana shirin "Kira don Gabatarwa" akan dandamali da mujallu daban-daban na adabi ta yanar gizo, don marubuta su rubuta da gabatar da kasidu da kasidu don girmama Achebe, wanda daga baya suke bugawa a matsayin tarihin tarihi, wanda aka fi sani da suna. da " Chinua Achebe Poetry/Essay Anthology ". An saba buga tarihin tarihin shekara-shekara da kuma buɗe shi a ranar bikin wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya jawo hankalin marubuta daga ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da Mbizo Chirasha na Zimbabwe. A cikin shekaru uku na farko na taron wallafe-wallafen a cikin 2016, 2017, da 2018, masu shirya taron sun yi kira a jere don ƙaddamarwa kuma saboda haka sun buga litattafai uku. Koyaya, don bugu na 2019 na taron, babu wani kira don ƙaddamarwa; maimakon haka, an tattara tatsuniyoyi guda uku da aka buga a baya kuma an buga su tare a matsayin tarihin tarihi guda ɗaya, mai suna ''Arrows of Words'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-16 |title=File:Arrows of Words 2 — Chinua Achebe Poetry and Essay Anthology.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arrows_of_Words_2_%E2%80%94_Chinua_Achebe_Poetry_and_Essay_Anthology.jpg |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2020, yayin bugu na biyar da cika shekaru biyar na bikin, masu shirya taron sun kara ''lacca na tunawa da Achebe'' a cikin bikin, don haka yanzu ana kiranta da ''bikin adabin Chinua Achebe da lacca na tunawa'' . Oseloka Obaze, kwararre a fannin adabin Najeriya kuma jami’in diflomasiyya ne ya gabatar da laccar tunawa da baiwar Chinua Achebe, wadda ita ce irinta ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brittle |first=Paper |title=The 2020 Achebe Literary Festival And Memorial Lecture {{!}} 16 Nov |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/11/event-the-2020-achebe-literary-festival-and-memorial-lecture-nov-16/ |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=www.brittlepaper.com |publisher=Brittle Paper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=OHO |title=PHOTO NEWS: Obaze delivers keynote address at Chinua Achebe Memorial Lecture in Awka |url=https://www.oho.ng/photo-news-obaze-delivers-keynote-address-at-chinua-achebe-memorial-lecture-in-awka/ |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=Oseloka Henry Obaze }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Nigerian Voice |title=Anambra Young Writers Mark 2020 Achebe Literary Festival And Memorial Lecture |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/293895/anambra-young-writers-mark-2020-achebe-literary-festival-and.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Har ila yau, bugu na 2020 na taron ya nuna bayyani da kuma gabatarwa a hukumance na Littafin Waqoqin Rubutu na Biyar na Chinua Achebe, mai suna ''Achebe: Mutumin Jama’a'', wanda Izunna Okafor ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |last=9jabooks |title=Behold the Fifth Chinua Achebe Poetry/Essay Anthology — "Achebe: A Man of the People" |url=https://9jabooks.com/post-10147 |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=9jabooks}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Nigerian Voice |title=Anambra Young Writers Mark 2020 Achebe Literary Festival And Memorial Lecture |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/293895/anambra-young-writers-mark-2020-achebe-literary-festival-and.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, bikin adabin Chinua Achebe ya jawo halartar manyan masu sha'awar rubuce-rubuce da rubuce-rubuce, ciki har da dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Labour a babban zaben Najeriya na 2023, Mista [[Peter Obi]] ; [[Gwamna|Gwamnan]] [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] [[Willie Obiano]] ; tsohon SSG, Jihar Anambra, Oseloka Obaze ; Fitaccen dan wasan Najeriya, [[Bob-Manuel Udokwu]] ; tsohon babban alkalin jihar Anambra, Farfesa Peter Umeadi; MD/CEO na jaridar ''National Light'', Chuka Nnabuife; Odili Ujubuońu (marubuci na ''ciki na alloli'' ); Maxim Uzor Uzoatu (marubucin ''Allah na waka'' ); Ositadimma Amakeze (marubucin ''The Last Carver'' ); Okeke Chika Jerry (marubucin ''The Gods Are Hungry'' ); Mista Isidore Emeka Uzoatu (mawallafin ''Vision Impossible'' ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Nigerian Voice |title=Anambra Young Writers Mark 2020 Achebe Literary Festival And Memorial Lecture |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/293895/anambra-young-writers-mark-2020-achebe-literary-festival-and.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovat |first=Michael |date=2023-11-18 |title=Achebe memorial lecture: Obi lauds Anambra young writers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/achebe-memorial-lecture-obi-lauds-anambra-young-writers/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == 37jzjmttyn1qmbzw27286w5g48mc3sg 0 88089 552194 545727 2024-12-05T08:48:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 552194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Detty December''' yana nufin lokacin bukukuwan karshen shekara a Najeriya yawanci daga tsakiyar Disamba zuwa sabuwar shekara. <ref> name="Nigeria">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-12-05 |title=A December without usual 'dettiness' |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-december-without-usual-dettiness/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokaci ne na shagulgulan biki, tarurrukan jama'a, liyafa, da bukukuwa masu cike da kuzari, farin ciki, da kyakkyawan fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-16 |title=Meaning Of Detty December & Ways Nigerians and Ghanaians Celebrate. |url=https://smartgeek.ng/meaning-of-detty-december-slang-christmas/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=smartgeek.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228184257/https://smartgeek.ng/meaning-of-detty-december-slang-christmas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Nigeria" /> <ref> name="BellaNaija.com">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2022-12-28 |title="I invented Detty December. It's not even controversial. It's just fact" – Mr Eazi |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/how-mr-eazi-invented-detty-december/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokaci ne da 'yan Najeriya da dama na cikin kasar da kuma na kasashen waje ke komawa gida don yin biki tare da 'yan uwa da abokan arziki. == Etymology da amfani == Kalmar Detty shine cin hanci da rashawa na "datti", yana nufin bukukuwa da bukukuwa ba tare da jinkiri ba a lokacin Kirsimeti da lokacin hutu . <ref name="BellaNaija.com">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2022-12-28 |title="I invented Detty December. It's not even controversial. It's just fact" – Mr Eazi |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/how-mr-eazi-invented-detty-december/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2022">BellaNaija.com (December 28, 2022). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/how-mr-eazi-invented-detty-december/ ""I invented Detty December. It's not even controversial. It's just fact" – Mr Eazi"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Asalin == Ba a san asalin kalmar ba. Wasu mutane sun yi ikirarin cewa an fara bikin ne bayan [[Carnival na Calabar|bikin Carnival na Calabar]] na shekarar 2004 a kudancin Najeriya, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-12-22 |title=In Lagos, 'Detty December' Is a Month Filled With Parties, Music, and Traffic |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/in-lagos-detty-december-is-a-month-filled-with-parties-music-and-traffic |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Condé Nast Traveler |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda tsohon gwamnan [[Cross River|jihar Cross Rivers]] [[Benedict Ayade|Ben Ayade]] ya kira "babbar titin Afirka". A cewar mujallar Najeriya BellaNaija da [[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian (Nigeria)]], mawakin Najeriya Mista Eazi ne ya kirkiro wannan kalma kuma ya shahara, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin hashtag don bikin wake-wake da ya yi a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a shekarar 2016. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-12-28 |title="I invented Detty December. It's not even controversial. It's just fact" – Mr Eazi |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/how-mr-eazi-invented-detty-december/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-12-05 |title=A December without usual 'dettiness' |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-december-without-usual-dettiness/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-december-without-usual-dettiness/ "A December without usual 'dettiness'"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. December 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Mista Eazi ya kuma ci gaba da yin alamar kasuwanci a wa'adin. <ref name=":1" /> == Abubuwan da suka faru == Detty December kalma ce da 'yan Najeriya mazauna kasashen waje da suka dawo gida suka fi amfani da shi. Waɗannan waɗanda suka dawo kwanan nan ana yawan yi musu laƙabi IJGBs, ƙaƙƙarfan kalmar da ke tsaye ga I Just Got Back. Bankin Duniya ya bayar da rahoton cewa, kudaden da ake turawa ‘yan Najeriya mazauna kasashen waje a wannan lokaci ya kai kashi 4% na GDPn Najeriya, kuma yana nuna karfin kashe kudi idan ‘yan kasashen waje suka dawo gida. Yayin da Detty December galibi yana da alaƙa da biranen, yawancin waɗanda suka dawo kuma suna amfani da wannan damar don ziyartar ƙauyukansu na karkara. [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] na kiran wannan a matsayin ''Nbịarute'' ko kuma ''ịlota gidan'' (gidan gida/Tafiya), inda abokai da iyalai na ƴan ƙasashen waje da na birane ke zuwa gida musamman a ƙauyensu domin bukukuwa da sauran bukukuwa. Sai dai yana da mahimmanci a bayyana cewa Detty December ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan ziyarar biranen da ' yan Najeriya mazauna Najeriya ke kai wa domin bukukuwa, sabanin yadda al'ummar yankin [[Kudu ta Yamma (Najeriya)|gabashin]] Najeriya ke ciki, inda galibin 'yan kabilar Igbo ke kauracewa mafi yawan garuruwan a cikin watan Disamba. . A maimakon haka, sai su koma [[Countryside|karkararsu]] don yin bukukuwa irin su taron dangi da sauran bukukuwa a yankunan karkara, abin da ya haifar da karanci sosai a mafi yawan cibiyoyin biranen da ke gabas, sabanin yanayin tsakiyar gari wanda aka san Detty December da shi. [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]], birni mai tarihin tarihi na Owambe da kuma masana'antar nishaɗi mai ban sha'awa (kasancewar gida ga al'amuran kiɗa na duniya [[Afrobeats]] ) galibi ana ɗaukar fuskar Detty Disamba. A cikin wannan muhimmin kalandar zamantakewa, al'amura iri-iri suna faruwa, kama daga liyafa na gida, raye-rayen titi, wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku zuwa kide-kide, bukukuwan aure, tarukan dare, da ƙari. Daga cikin wadannan, wasannin kide-kide na Disamba sun yi fice a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru, inda suka jawo masu fasahar kide-kide da kungiyoyi masu yawa don daukar nauyin wasan kwaikwayo a wannan lokacin. Musamman ma, waɗannan wasannin kade-kade na ƙarshen shekara ba su keɓanta ga mashahuran ƙungiyoyin kiɗan ba; kasuwanci daban-daban, gwamnatocin jahohi, har ma da ma'aikatun tarayya suma suna gudanar da kide-kide. Wannan yanayin yana haifar da riba mai yawa ga masu fasahar Najeriya, daidai da girman Super Bowl, kamar yadda tauraron Afrobeats [[Davido]] ya bayyana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=2022-11-21 |title=Here is why ticket prices at Nigerian concerts are expensive [Pulse Explainer] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/here-is-why-asakes-ticket-prices-are-expensive-pulse-explainer/q9cg09c |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Haka kuma, kwararowar ƴan Najeriya mazauna gida a cikin watan Disamba na haifar da gudanar da bukukuwan aure, tare da haɗa kai da jama'ar abokai da iyalai don bukukuwan Kirsimeti .Waɗannan bukukuwan aure sau da yawa suna ɗaukan kwanaki gabaɗaya, suna ƙarewa a cikin raye -raye bayan liyafa . == Manazarta == hsw6wmy8f9cgbzgs11na1bdf6m6qnxf 0 88124 551984 546151 2024-12-05T02:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551984 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bashar Matti Warda''' (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1969 a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]]) malamin Katolika ne na Kaldiya kuma Babban Bishop na Erbil na yanzu (a Yankin Kurdistan na Iraki). == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a cikin 1969, Warda ya shiga makarantar hauza ta Kaldiya ta Saint Peter a Baghdad kuma an nada shi firist a 1993. A cikin 1995, ya shiga tsarin Redemtorist na Flanders a [[Beljik|Belgium]] . Bayan ya sami digirinsa na biyu a Jami'ar Katolika ta Louvain a 1999, ya koma Iraki. Warda ya kasance mai kula da majami'ar Zaku daga Yuli 2011 har zuwa hadewarta da Diocese na Amadiya a watan Yuni 2013. A shekara ta 2009, Majalisar Dattijan Bishof na Cocin Katolika ta Kaldiya ta zabe shi Archbishop na Archeparchy na Erbil. Bayan [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict na 16]] ya ba da izinin wannan zabe a shekara ta 2010 an tsarkake shi a ranar 3 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar. ; A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2017, [[Charles III|Mai Martaba Charles, Yariman Wales]] ya tarbe shi a Clarence House, [[Landan|London]] . Archbishop Warda ya shahara wajen kare kai da goyon baya ga Kiristoci da tsiraru a Iraki. Ƙoƙarinsa na tallafawa ci gaba da kasancewar Kirista a Iraki an lura da shi sosai ta hanyar tattaunawa da jawabai da yawa na kafofin watsa labarai a jami'o'i da majalisu daban-daban a duniya, gami da Jami'ar Georgetown 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Affairs |first=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World |date=15 February 2018 |title=The Future of Christianity and Pluralism in Iraq |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/events/the-future-of-christianity-and-pluralism-in-iraq |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=berkleycenter.georgetown.edu |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=vaughn_admin |date=2018-04-12 |title=Archbishop Bashar Warda: The Future of Religious Pluralism in Iraq |url=https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/archbishop-bashar-warda-the-future-of-religious-pluralism-in-iraq/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Religious Freedom Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> CNA a cikin 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Courtney |date=19 February 2018 |title=Archbishop of Erbil: Christians in Iraq are 'scourged, wounded, but still there' |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/37802/archbishop-of-erbil-christians-in-iraq-are-scourged-wounded-but-still-there |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Katolika Herald a cikin 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cookson |first=John |date=2020-12-14 |title=Feature: Archbishop Warda on Challenge, Promise of Iraqi Christianity |url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/archbishop-warda-challenge-promise-iraqi-christianity/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Catholic Herald |language=en-GB}}</ref> BBC HARDtalk a cikin 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World News - HARDtalk, Archbishop Bashar Warda - Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Erbil, Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0019d9v |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Jaridar Katolika ta New York a 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=John |title=Out of Oppression, Iraqi Archbishop Builds Up His Local Church |url=https://www.cny.org/stories/out-of-oppression-iraqi-archbishop-builds-up-his-local-church,24165 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Catholic New York |language=en}}</ref> The Tablet in 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frymann Rouch |first=Abigail |date=14 July 2022 |title=Iraq – Archbishop welcomes inclusive curriculum |url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/15660/iraq-archbishop-welcomes-inclusive-curriculum- |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Tablet |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909201419/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/15660/iraq-archbishop-welcomes-inclusive-curriculum- |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Prospect Magazine a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frymann Rouch |first=Abigail |date=26 May 2017 |title=Archbishop Bashar Warda: the man fighting to save Iraq's Christians |url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/world/archbishop-bashar-warda-the-man-fighting-to-save-iraqs-christians |access-date=11 September 2022 |website=prospectmagazine.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Disamba 2019, ya ba da jawabi a taron kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a [[New York (birni)|New York]] game da halin da ake ciki a Iraki <ref>{{Cite web |title=8676th Security Council Meeting: Situation in Iraq |url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2509/2509669 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=United Nations UN Audiovisual Library |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=S/PV.8676 : UN Documents : Security Council Report |url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/s-pv-8676.php |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=www.securitycouncilreport.org}}</ref> yayin zanga-zangar matasan Iraki a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar. A cikin Nuwamba 2023, jim kadan bayan fara yakin Isra'ila da Hamas, Archbishop Warda ya bayyana damuwarsa cewa rikicin na iya tayar da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da kuma kara shafar al'ummomin Kirista. “Mutane (a Iraki) suna matukar tsoron kada tashin hankalin ya bazu bayan Gaza. Da yake magana a madadin dukan mutane - musamman 'yan tsiraru, waɗanda suka fi fama da wahala fiye da sauran, musamman a cikin yanayi na rikici - don Allah, babu sauran yaki. Muna rokon daukacin shugabanni da masu ruwa da tsaki da su kwantar da hankula. Allah kasa wannan yaki ya wuce wanda muke gani a makare. Matsakaicin tsofaffin maki zai yi barazana ga haɗin kan zamantakewa a duk yankin. Halin da ake ciki a Siriya bai daidaita ba, haka nan ma ba a daidaita a Iraki ba. ” <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACN |date=2023-11-03 |title=Iraq: God forbid the spread of war |url=https://acninternational.org/iraq-god-forbid-the-spread-of-war/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=ACN International |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan ilimi == Sarkin ya kasance mai ba da shawara mai karfi na ilimi ga kiristoci da kuma ga 'yan kasar Iraki baki daya. A wata hira da ya yi da kungiyar agaji ta Fafaroma Aid to the Church in Need ya ce "Kiristoci a Iraki na fuskantar kalubale da dama tun daga ISIS da kuma a baya. Suna neman Ikilisiya ta jagorance su kuma ta taimaka wajen gina makomarsu ta hanyar aikin makiyaya da gine-gine: yanzu muna da coci guda shida, makarantar hauza, wasu cibiyoyin katikist, makarantu hudu, jami'a, da asibiti. Matasa sune makomarmu. Manufarmu ita ce baiwa matasa fata da manufa a rayuwarsu a kasarsu ta haihuwa, mu ciyar da imaninsu da samar musu da dabarun da za su taimaka musu su shawo kan kalubalen da suke fuskanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACN |date=2023-07-04 |title=Looking for leaders to help rebuild the Church in Iraq |url=https://acninternational.org/young-christians-gathered-in-iraq-to-rebuild-the-church/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=ACN International |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai tallafin karatu na Fafaroma Francis da ACN ke yi a jami’ar Katolika da ke Erbil. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=ACN |date=2022-02-18 |title=ACN helps perpetuate the Pope’s legacy in Iraq through higher education |url=https://acninternational.org/acn-helps-perpetuate-the-popes-legacy-in-iraq-through-higher-education/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=ACN International |language=en-US}}</ref> "Tsarin CUE yana ƙarfafa dukan iyalin su zauna kuma kada su yi hijira; 'ya'yansu za su sami ilimi mai kyau don samun aiki don haka makoma a Iraki don tallafa wa kansu da iyayensu", in ji shi. <ref name=":2" /> . == Tushen da kafa == === Khaymat A-Athra Primary School in Baghdad (2005) === Dangane da harin bam da aka kai kan cocin Katolika na Mar Elia Chaldean a kudancin Bagadaza a ranar 1 ga Agustan 2004, ya gina makarantar firamare ga unguwar don ba da dama ga al'ummar yankin don ƙarfafa tushensu a ƙasarsu ta haihuwa, don rayuwa cikin haɗin kai da juna. mutunta bambance-bambancen zamantakewa, wanda ya yi imanin shine ainihin darajar kowace cibiyar ilimi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === St. Adday da St. Mari Patriarchal Complex a Erbil (2008) === Bayan tashin hankalin da aka yi wa kiristoci da majami'u a Bagadaza a shekarar 2004-2006, wanda ya sa halartar malamai na makarantar hauza ta St. Don haka, kasancewar magajin Kaldiyawa ya nada shi shugaban makarantar hauza, ya kafa rukunin St. Aday da St. Mari a Ankawa don ba da damar masu karatu su ci gaba da samuwarsu ta ruhaniya, tauhidi, da fastoci ba tare da tsangwama ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CssR |first=Vincent |title=A-REDEMPTORISTS' MISSION BAGHDAD |url=http://cssrb.com/a-redemptorists--mission-baghdad.html |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Redemptorists' Fathers in Baghdad |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Mar Qardakh International School (2011) === Archbishop Warda ya gabatar da tsarin ilimi na kasa da kasa a yankin Kurdistan na Iraki ta hanyar kafa makarantar Mar Qardakh, wanda ke koyar da yara daga maki 1-12 a cikin harshen Ingilishi, don ba su Baccalaureate na kasa da kasa (IB) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mar Qardakh School |url=https://www.ibo.org/en/school/049609 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=International Baccalaureate® |language=en}}</ref> wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin cikakke. makarantar IB-Program da aka amince da ita a cikin 2015. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Catholic News |date=2021-06-04 |title=New high school in Iraq with emphasis on classical education has U.S. ties |url=https://www.catholicsun.org/2021/06/04/new-high-school-in-iraq-with-emphasis-on-classical-education-has-u-s-ties/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=The Catholic Sun |language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> Fayil:Bashar_Warda_2015_(15811240534)_cropped.jpg| Bishop Warda in 2015 Fayil:Bishops_Malvestiti_and_Warda.jpg|alt=Bishop Maurizio Malvestiti (left) with Bishop Warda (right) during Pentecost all-night vigil in the cathedral of Lodi, 14 May 2016| Bishop Maurizio Malvestiti (a hagu) tare da Bishop Warda (dama) a lokacin Fentikos na dukan dare a babban cocin Lodi, 14 ga Mayu 2016 Fayil:BISHOP_warda_bechara_in_lodi_2016.jpg|alt=Bishop Warda during Pentecost all-night vigil in the cathedral of Lodi, 14 May 2016| Bishop Warda a lokacin Fentikos dukan dare a cikin babban coci na Lodi, 14 Mayu 2016 Fayil:President_Donald_J._Trump_Signs_H.R._390-Iraq_and_Syria_Genocide_Relief_and_Accountability_Act_(45565831264).jpg|alt=Archbishop Bashar Warda's participation in the signing of the H.R. 390 in the White house in 2018 representing Iraqi Christians.| Kasancewar Archbishop Bashar Warda a cikin sanya hannu kan HR 390 a Fadar White House a cikin 2018 mai wakiltar Kiristocin Iraki. </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commons category-inline|Bashar Warda}} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwarda.html Archbishop Bashar Warda], Katolika Hierarchy {{S-start}} {{S-rel|ca}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ejc0vrdktlf5q58prp5hxhwcfw3jxu1 0 88133 552119 546406 2024-12-05T08:27:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 552119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''David William Morrow OAM''' (5 Yuli 1953 - 16 Yuli 2024) ya kasance gidan rediyon wasanni na Australiya da mai watsa labarai / mai sharhi, wanda aka fi sani da haɗin gwiwa tare da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya da 2GB, da kiransa na tseren dawakai da NRL, amma kuma sauran. wasanni da labaransa na wasannin Olympics da na Commonwealth.<ref>https://www.9news.com.au/national/david-morrow-sports-commentator-died-aged-71/a87af493-b649-4f0b-82d3-b8b875a4bba{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Morrow a ranar 5 ga Yuli 1953 a Sydney.<ref>https://www.nrl.com/news/2019/08/06/great-media-personalities-short-listed-for-hall-of-fame/</ref>Ya girma a garuruwan Arewa Tablelands na Walcha, Uralla, da Armidale kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Armidale.<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/news/david-morrow/4320374</ref> Morrow ya fara aikinsa na watsa shirye-shirye a Kempsey a cikin 1971 a matsayin babban mai shela tare da 2KM (yanzu 2MC) sannan ya zama mai watsa shirye-shiryen wasanni na New South Wales Mid North Coast. Ya kira tseren doki na gida da wasannin gasar rugby.<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/news/david-morrow/4320374</ref> Ya kammala karatun digiri a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Sydney. A cikin tsakiyar 1970s, ya yi aiki a matsayin akawu a Bathurst kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shiryen wasanni na yau da kullun tare da 2BS.<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/news/david-morrow/4320374</ref> ==Kamfanin Watsa Labarun Australiya (a matsayin mai kiran tsere kuma mai sharhi na NRL)== Morrow ya shiga ABC a cikin 1980 kuma ya fara kiran tseren kayan aikin juma'a a Harold Park da kuma taimakawa ƙungiyar sharhin gasar rugby.Ya daina kiran tseren kayan doki a cikin 1987. A cikin 1985, Morrow ya zama mai sharhin radiyon rugby na lamba ɗaya na ABC.Ya kira wasannin gasar rugby na Asabar a gidan talabijin na ABC har sai da hanyar sadarwar ta daina ɗaukar hoto a cikin 1996. Ya kira wasannin NRL akan rediyo tare da Warren Ryan na tsawon shekaru goma sha hudu har dukkansu sun tashi a cikin 2014.<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-30/grandstand-broadcaster-david-morrow-retires-after-34-years-at-ab/5929416</ref> ==MANAZARTA== qjw8emomtscpr9whrv6gcqc01etl783 0 88136 551989 551553 2024-12-05T03:48:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''William John Viola Jr'''. (Janairu 25, 1951 - Yuli 12, 2024) ɗan wasan bidiyo ne na Amurka<ref>Viola, Bill bio at the Getty Archive</ref>wanda fasahar fasaha ta dogara da na'urar lantarki, sauti, da fasahar hoto a cikin sabbin kafofin watsa labarai<ref>Ross, David A. Forward. "A Feeling For the Things Themselves". Bill Viola Paris, Flammarion with Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.</ref>.Ayyukansa suna mayar da hankali kan ra'ayoyin da ke bayan ainihin abubuwan ɗan adam kamar haihuwa, mutuwa, da kuma sassan hankali.<ref>http://www.billviola.com/biograph.htm</ref> ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi William John Viola Jr a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1951, a Flushing, Queens, New York, kuma ya girma a Queens da Westbury.Ya halarci P.S. 20, a Flushing, inda ya kasance kyaftin na TV Squad. A lokacin hutu a cikin tsaunuka tare da iyalinsa, ya kusa nutsewa a cikin wani tafkin, abin da ya kwatanta da"... mafi kyawun duniya da na taɓa gani a rayuwata" da "ba tare da tsoro ba," da "aminci."<ref>Bill Viola: The Eye of the Heart. Dir. Mark Kidal. DVD. Film for the Humanities & Sciences, 2005.</ref>A cikin 1973, Viola ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Syracuse tare da Bachelor a Fine Arts a cikin nazarin gwaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720211422/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000096533</ref>Viola ya bayyana makarantar a matsayin na gargajiya kuma ya dauki kansa a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi munin masu zane a cikin aji."<ref>Bellour, Raymond; Viola, Bill (1985). "An Interview with Bill Viola". October. 34: 91–119. doi:10.2307/778491. JSTOR 778491</ref>Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Syracuse College of Visual and Performing Arts, ciki har da shirin gwaji na Synapse, wanda ya samo asali zuwa CitrusTV. <ref>https://jmcohen.com/artist/Bill_Viola/biography/</ref> ==Sana'a== Daga 1973 zuwa 1980, Viola yayi karatu kuma yayi tare da mawaki David Tudor a cikin sabon rukunin kiɗan "Rainforest" (daga baya mai suna "Composers Inside Electronics"). Daga 1974 zuwa 1976, Viola ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha a Art / kaset / 22 , wani ɗakin bidiyo na farko na jagorancin Maria Gloria Conti Bicocchi, a Florence, Italiya inda ya ci karo da masu fasahar bidiyo Nam June Paik, Bruce Nauman, da Vito Acconci.Daga 1976 zuwa 1983, ya kasance mai zane-zane-gida a WNET Television Laboratory a New York. A cikin 1976 da 1977, ya yi tafiya zuwa tsibiran Solomon, Java, da Indonesiya don yin rikodin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720211422/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gayyaci Viola don nuna aiki a Jami'ar La Trobe (Melbourne, Ostiraliya) a cikin 1977, ta darektan fasahar al'adu Kira Perov. Viola da Perov daga baya sun yi aure, sun fara muhimmiyar haɗin gwiwar rayuwa a cikin aiki da tafiya tare. A cikin 1980, sun zauna a Japan na shekara ɗaya da rabi akan Japan/US Hadin gwiwar musayar al'adu inda suka yi karatun addinin Buddah tare da Zen Master Daien Tanaka. A wannan lokacin, Viola kuma ta kasance mai zane-zane a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Atsugi na Kamfanin Sony.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720211422/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/bill-viola-hon-ra |url-status=dead }}</ref>Viola ita ce 1998, Getty Scholar-in-zauni a Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty, Los Angeles. Daga baya, a cikin 2000, an zabe shi zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Arts da Kimiyya ta Amurka. A cikin 2002, ya kammala Going Forth By Day, wani dijital "fresco" sake zagayowar a cikin high-definition video, wanda Deutsche Guggenheim Berlin ya ba da izini da Guggenheim Museum, New York.<ref>https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/10594</ref>A cikin 2003, an nuna abubuwan sha'awar a Los Angeles, London, Madrid, da Canberra. Wannan wani babban tarin ayyukan motsa jiki ne na Viola, ayyukan jinkirin motsi da aka yi wahayi daga al'adu a cikin zanen ibada na Renaissance.<ref>https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/viola/</ref>Tarihin farko na Viola, mai suna Viola akan Vídeo, Federico Utrera (Jami'ar King Juan Carlos) ne ya rubuta kuma aka buga a Spain a cikin 2011.<ref>https://www.europapress.es/cultura/noticia-llega-viola-on-video-federico-utrera-20110620153223.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Matar Viola kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci shine Kira Perov. Yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Viola ta mutu daga rikice-rikice na cutar Alzheimer a gida a Long Beach, California, a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekaru 73.<ref>https://www.exibart.com/personaggi/ci-lascia-bill-viola-padre-e-maestro-indiscusso-della-videoarte/</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] 9yesa85uk8pnqco29ig4zheqr23qgk2 0 88142 551977 549359 2024-12-04T23:53:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwalejin Ilimi ta Auckland Park makaranta ce da ke cikin Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>Contact APAX". Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011</ref> An kafa makarantar ne a farkon shekarar karatu a shekara ta 2011. Tsarin karatun makarantar ya dogara ne akan tsarin karatun ƙasa kamar yadda Sashen Ilimi na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙulla.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/foundation.htm[permanent{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> APAX kuma tana ba wa ɗalibanta tsarimusulunci.<ref>http://www.apax.co.za/islamic.htm{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Matakai== Kamar yadda na 2017, Auckland Park Academy of Excellence ya ƙunshi maki 1 zuwa 12. Waɗannan ana kiran su Foundation, Intermediate da FET (Ƙarin Ilimi da Horarwa). Bayan farawa da maki 1 zuwa na 6 a cikin 2011, makarantar ta ƙara ƙarin maki kowace shekara ta ilimi har zuwa 2017.<ref>permanent dead li</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100830012303/http://www.education.gpg.gov.za/ Gauteng Department of Education] *[http://www.apax.co.za/ Auckland Park Academy of Excellence official site] hykm1oaxcasye47jnk9v0e1dz1s3rnv 0 88188 551789 547174 2024-12-04T15:50:05Z Bashir nuhu usman 30704 NAsa photo 551789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ArganAmlou Oil Mill.jpg|thumb|Amlu]] '''Amlu''' (Arabic; Berber languages), wanda aka fi sani da '''amlou''', wani nau'i ne na [[Abincin Maroko]]. Ya ƙunshi man argan, almonds da zuma. Ana gasa almond, wanda aka murkushe shi kuma aka yi masa ado da zuma da man argan. Ana cin Amlou don karin kumallo ko shayi na rana tare da pancakes da pastries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amlou |url=http://www.mymoroccanfood.com/home/2015/amlou |publisher=}}</ref> Amlu yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da ake yawan amfani da man Argan.<ref name="EB">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1989|title=Arganier|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopédie berbère]]|publisher=Edisud|url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2586|last=Camps|first=Gabriel|publication-place=Aix-en-Provence|volume=6 {{!}} Antilopes – Arzuges|date=|isbn=2-85744-324-2|editor-last=Camps|editor-first=Gabriel|authorlink=Gabriel Camps}}</ref> A cikin abincin Shilha, man argan yana taka rawar gani haɗe da man zaitun a wasu sassan Maghreb.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mymoroccanfood.com/home/2015/amlou|title=Amlou|publisher=}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Chocolate baza * Mai dafa abinci * Jerin jita-jita na almond * Jerin yadawa * Food portal == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6ob47gckg5jfrtesy42faxj8oulvlo4 0 88220 551987 551547 2024-12-05T03:40:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Lusata''' biki ne na shekara-shekara ga dukkanin al'ummar ƙabilar Mafwe na [[Namibiya]] da na kusa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mafwe prepares to celebrate their annual "Lusata" cultural festival |last=Tashaya|first=Clemence|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] via allafrica.com|url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|date=5 July 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112043937/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|archivedate=12 January 2013}} [http://allafrica.com/stories/201109301138.html Alt URL]</ref> Ƙabilar Mafwe na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙabilu a yankin Caprivi. Suna jin [[Yaren Fwe|ChiFwe]]. Bikin na bikin al'adun gargajiya, yana tunawa da abubuwan da suka gabata, da kuma sa ido kan gaba. Yana faruwa kowace shekara a cikin makon ƙarshe na watan Satumba. Sunan bikin yana nuni ne da sandar giwa da aka lullube da ita. Yawancin mutane daga kowane ƙauyuka na Caprivi suna zuwa bikin ta hanyar rawa da liyafa. Kullum ana yin shi a ƙauyen da sarki ya sauƙa a ƙauyen Chinchimani, 6&nbsp;km daga Katima Mulilo. Sarkin ya shawarci al’ummarsa kan yadda za a rage aikata laifuka a cikin al’umma, yankin da ma ƙasa baki ɗaya. Sarkin Mafwe shine George Simasiku Mamili kuma sunan Mamili sunan sarauta ne na sarakunan Mafwe. [[Induna Silalo]] da Ngambela na kotun gargajiya ne ke kula da bikin. Sarkin ya kasance yana sanya tufafin gargajiya kamar fatar damisa da sauran fatun dabbobi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mafwe prepares to celebrate their annual "Lusata" cultural festival |last=Tashaya|first=Clemence|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] via allafrica.com|url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|date=5 July 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112043937/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|archivedate=12 January 2013}} [http://allafrica.com/stories/201109301138.html Alt URL]</ref> Yawancin Mafwe suna yin bikin Lusata kamar 'yan Zambia tun daga Zambia kuma Lusata ita ce sandan sarki wanda a al'adance ya haɗa mutane. Gwamnatin Namibiya ta kasance tana taimakawa da sufuri don ɗaukar mutane daga ƙauyuka masu nisa kamar Malengalenga, Linyanti, da sauransu. Yawancin sarakuna suna halartar wannan bikin. Yawancin sarakuna daga [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Botswana]] su zo su ga yadda Mafwe ke rayuwa. Kafin sarki na yanzu Lusata yana ƙauyen Mulenenyi Linyanti. Kafin tsohon shugaban Mamili Bebi ya tafi Dernmark.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mafwe prepares to celebrate their annual "Lusata" cultural festival |last=Tashaya|first=Clemence|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] via allafrica.com|url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|date=5 July 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112043937/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40943|archivedate=12 January 2013}} [http://allafrica.com/stories/201109301138.html Alt URL]</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.artshub.com.au/au/news-article/news/arts/lusata-festival-attracts-thousands-191966 Bikin Lusata yana jan hankalin dubban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012073647/http://www.artshub.com.au/au/news-article/news/arts/lusata-festival-attracts-thousands-191966 |date=2012-10-12 }} artsHub, An dawo da shi 2012/10/19. * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201210020790.html Namibiya: Dubban jama'a ne suka yi tururuwa zuwa bikin Lusata] na George Sanzila, 2 ga Oktoba, 2012, An dawo da shi 19 ga Oktoba 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Bukukuwa a Afrika]] [[Category: Bukukuwa a Kasar Namibia]] oq86k0dgq7kq94xetnj2fzbkja8ngw9 0 88240 551926 547549 2024-12-04T20:54:25Z Ifteehern 31255 Nayi Gyara 551926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Glacier Machoi''' yana da tsawon kilomita 9<ref>Machoi glacier" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> a cikin yankin [[Himalaya|Himalayan]] a Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh, Indiya. == Tarihin kasa == Tana da nisan kilomita 30 yamma daga Drass, Ladakh, Indiya da kilomita 8 gabas daga Sonamarg a gefen kudu na NH 1D a Zojila. Yana kwance a matsakaicin tsayin mita 4800. Mafi girman kololuwa mai suna bayan glacier shine Machoi Peak wanda ke gefen gabas na glacier, a tsayin mita 5458. Dusar kankara ita ce tushen kogin Sind wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma, da kogin Dras wanda ke gudana zuwa gabas<ref>"Jammu Kashmir Geography Rivers". mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref>. Machoi, like many other Himalayan glaciers has been melting at alarming rates due to Global warming.<ref>"Himalayan glaciers melting". rediff.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> == Manazarta == e80xml5njbhylprcby1a0xccds20j7m 551930 551926 2024-12-04T20:55:44Z Ifteehern 31255 Hoto 551930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sonamarg, jammu and kashmir.jpg|thumb|'''Glacier Machoi''']] '''Glacier Machoi''' yana da tsawon kilomita 9<ref>Machoi glacier" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> a cikin yankin [[Himalaya|Himalayan]] a Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh, Indiya. == Tarihin kasa == Tana da nisan kilomita 30 yamma daga Drass, Ladakh, Indiya da kilomita 8 gabas daga Sonamarg a gefen kudu na NH 1D a Zojila. Yana kwance a matsakaicin tsayin mita 4800. Mafi girman kololuwa mai suna bayan glacier shine Machoi Peak wanda ke gefen gabas na glacier, a tsayin mita 5458. Dusar kankara ita ce tushen kogin Sind wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma, da kogin Dras wanda ke gudana zuwa gabas<ref>"Jammu Kashmir Geography Rivers". mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref>. Machoi, like many other Himalayan glaciers has been melting at alarming rates due to Global warming.<ref>"Himalayan glaciers melting". rediff.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> == Manazarta == d6vf90n66zafrxfvdqd9xl2jjfivl4z 551933 551930 2024-12-04T21:00:05Z Mahuta 11340 551933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sonamarg, jammu and kashmir.jpg|thumb|'''Glacier Machoi''']] '''Glacier Machoi''' yana da tsawon kilomita 9<ref>Machoi glacier" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> a cikin yankin [[Himalaya|Himalayan]] a Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh, [[Indiya]]. == Tarihin kasa == Tana da nisan kilomita 30 yamma daga Drass, Ladakh, Indiya da kilomita 8 gabas daga Sonamarg a gefen kudu na NH 1D a Zojila. Yana kwance a matsakaicin tsayin mita 4800. Mafi girman kololuwa mai suna bayan glacier shine Machoi Peak wanda ke gefen gabas na glacier, a tsayin mita 5458. Dusar kankara ita ce tushen kogin Sind wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma, da kogin Dras wanda ke gudana zuwa gabas<ref>"Jammu Kashmir Geography Rivers". mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref>. Machoi, like many other Himalayan glaciers has been melting at alarming rates due to Global warming.<ref>"Himalayan glaciers melting". rediff.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> == Manazarta == 1l9qkmq2n3un1jz9b81e9khkxjqgldi 551934 551933 2024-12-04T21:00:21Z Mahuta 11340 551934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sonamarg, jammu and kashmir.jpg|thumb|'''Glacier Machoi''']] '''Glacier Machoi''' yana da tsawon kilomita 9<ref>Machoi glacier" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> a cikin yankin [[Himalaya|Himalayan]] a Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh, [[Indiya]]. == Tarihin kasa == Tana da nisan kilomita 30 yamma daga Drass, Ladakh, [[Indiya]] da kilomita 8 gabas daga Sonamarg a gefen kudu na NH 1D a Zojila. Yana kwance a matsakaicin tsayin mita 4800. Mafi girman kololuwa mai suna bayan glacier shine Machoi Peak wanda ke gefen gabas na glacier, a tsayin mita 5458. Dusar kankara ita ce tushen kogin Sind wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma, da kogin Dras wanda ke gudana zuwa gabas<ref>"Jammu Kashmir Geography Rivers". mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref>. Machoi, like many other Himalayan glaciers has been melting at alarming rates due to Global warming.<ref>"Himalayan glaciers melting". rediff.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</ref> == Manazarta == rxaut1f4ktvz6ajxawd41q71acx8arl 0 88306 551860 550939 2024-12-04T19:33:42Z Nnamadee 31123 551860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba 1942 - 24 Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 8c8xawl674dlu9vckx1kkufeixxd2vb 551861 551860 2024-12-04T19:34:15Z Nnamadee 31123 551861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 - 24 Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 2zjd8gbnbntri935ctc6szenwgo95nm 551862 551861 2024-12-04T19:35:09Z Nnamadee 31123 551862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== k2un3zc5ir67m72zjgv4ahtsd5kn52c 551866 551862 2024-12-04T19:58:08Z Nnamadee 31123 551866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 1qzoxh96yomj79dqsm4qw5mfmn20jrr 551867 551866 2024-12-04T19:58:38Z Nnamadee 31123 551867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 9szsqaorankdpkro7t3yyss0w40odp6 551868 551867 2024-12-04T19:59:21Z Nnamadee 31123 551868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 3jg3e5208zsssar8ad0uocn2ayjpocy 551869 551868 2024-12-04T19:59:46Z Nnamadee 31123 551869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== tr4qvtyv8ey8qobklepg3u23adtzefl 551871 551869 2024-12-04T20:00:24Z Nnamadee 31123 551871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== thfhfwokginmsq7xh8lxe5riatyetyc 551872 551871 2024-12-04T20:00:49Z Nnamadee 31123 551872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 0nzda2k8ossq0002fivp0elb73d6cip 551873 551872 2024-12-04T20:01:13Z Nnamadee 31123 551873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== idue3rdhc1n0dcnbu4vkstkoncgkwoc 551876 551873 2024-12-04T20:02:51Z Nnamadee 31123 551876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== kbs7sok941qd1gyuosyukdpwl7gljbb 551879 551876 2024-12-04T20:03:35Z Nnamadee 31123 551879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 18tvdo5b72odvmq021lndsm7ybj7s10 551881 551879 2024-12-04T20:04:11Z Nnamadee 31123 551881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 5wdd8yqey548sk4dih0y55jrz0bb9pp 551883 551881 2024-12-04T20:05:05Z Nnamadee 31123 551883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== jmmbmf7mco5q0re3vub0l3j1e69p36z 551885 551883 2024-12-04T20:05:39Z Nnamadee 31123 551885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== kjp140y5jdydsbm9bquk1jyipbbnilv 551887 551885 2024-12-04T20:06:17Z Nnamadee 31123 551887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== gkuq23a6qiljta8z9f7go8hktqt2ev8 551890 551887 2024-12-04T20:06:59Z Nnamadee 31123 551890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== h1y2wrqvnus7h108jxdk1gursnu47at 551893 551890 2024-12-04T20:07:50Z Nnamadee 31123 551893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== cd02dazo723b1x0sny57lysqd7y6xhn 551894 551893 2024-12-04T20:08:31Z Nnamadee 31123 551894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 6mifhd75x4ctgq3e6yrrauw4dcmxbbg 551896 551894 2024-12-04T20:09:03Z Nnamadee 31123 551896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin shekara ta 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 41krep36hgz4wd7zyh7x5ima9rqanrk 551897 551896 2024-12-04T20:09:37Z Nnamadee 31123 551897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin shekara ta 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 32t7p3qe130td45blqhfv48pv36hto6 551898 551897 2024-12-04T20:10:10Z Nnamadee 31123 551898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba shekara ta 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin shekara ta 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 1sioski9rjufedcietj851g86wq6oly 551899 551898 2024-12-04T20:10:46Z Nnamadee 31123 551899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba shekara ta 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin shekarar 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin shekara ta 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== btsc285musdu7ysa7wjmcflmyg9q6zh 551900 551899 2024-12-04T20:11:24Z Nnamadee 31123 551900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Short description|Ukrainian engineer and designer (1942–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Dmytro Kiva | native_name = {{no bold|Дмитро Ківа}} | native_name_lang = uk | image = KivaDS.jpg | caption = Kiva in 2009 | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]],<br/>[[Russian SFSR]], [[USSR]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|07|24|1942|10|08|df=yes}} | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Engineer|professor}} | organization = Former President–General designer at [[Antonov]] | awards = {{Hero of Ukraine}} [[Hero of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = {{ubil|[[National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute|Kharkiv Aviation Institute]]}} }} '''Dmytro Semenovich Kiva''' (8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942 zuwa 24 ga watan Yuli Shekara ta 2024) injiniyan Yukren ne kuma malami wanda ya kasance mai karɓar Jarumi na Ukraine, Order of Merit da Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise.Bugu da ƙari, ya taɓa zama shugaban-Janar mai zane a Antonov. ==rayuwa da ilimi== An haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1942, a birnin Tatarstan na Kazan. Kiva sauke karatu daga Kharkov Aviation Institute a shekarar 1965.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140905141435/http://www.2000.ua/v-nomere/derzhava/resursy/ataki-na-flagman-prodolzhayutsja___.htm</ref>Ya yi aiki a Antonov Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex (ASTC) fara a shekarar 1964.Ya shiga wannan kamfani mallakin gwamnati ne a shekarar ta 2006 a matsayin babban mai zanen kamfanin kuma ya kai wannan matsayi cikin shekaru biyu.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Sana'a== An nada Dmytro Kiva Janar Zane a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2005, bisa ga umarnin Volodymyr Shandra, Ministan Manufofin Masana'antu.Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne shugaban da janar zanen Antonov ASTC daga shekarar 2006.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref>A farkon shekarar 2006, Antonov ya ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mayaƙa da kai hari jirgin sama.Duk da haka, Kiva ya bayyana cewa a lokacin, suna jayayya cewa ba a buƙata ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa, kamfanonin kasar Ukraine za su shiga cikin kera wadannan jiragen, wadanda za su hada da injinan Ukraine, da kayan aiki, da kuma makamai.<ref>https://censor.net/en/news/313413/ukraine_can_produce_its_own_fighter_and_attack_jets_antonov_chief_designer</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Dmytro Kiva, Kamfanin Antonov ya girma kuma ya sami babban adadin ayyukan samarwa duk da kalubalen tattalin arziki.Honourable Company Collective ya ci gaba da wakilci Ukraine a manyan tarurrukan kasa da kasa, yana kiyaye yuwuwar sa na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kasuwannin duniya, yana kiyaye manyan ka'idojin zamantakewa, yana aiki azaman kamfani wanda ba shi da tallafin gwamnati, kuma yana cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Ukraine.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Musamman, Antonov An-70, An-148 da An-158, An-140, da An-178 duk Kiva ne ya tsara su.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta shekarar 2009, yayin Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris, Dmytro Kiva da Bernard Charlès, Shugaba kuma Shugaba na Dassault Systèmes, sun kulla kawance don haɓaka ɗaukar samfuran PLM na kamfanin Faransa na baya-bayan nan. A cewarsa, tsarin Dassault Systèmes PLM ya dade da nuna cewa shine mafita mafi girma ga matsalolin da ke fuskantar fannin sararin samaniya.<ref>https://www.3ds.com/newsroom/press-releases/leading-ukrainian-aircraft-designer-antonov-astc-and-dassault-systemes-sign-alliance</ref>Kiva yana tattaunawa game da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin watan Disamba shekara ta 2013. An tattauna batun samar da An-148 da An-158. Daga 14 zuwa 20 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2014, a kusa da London, Kamfanin Antonov ya nuna shirye-shiryensa na zamani a nunin Farnborough - 2014. Tawagar Antonov, wanda shugaban kasa da Janar Designer Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranta, sun sami tarurruka da yawa da tattaunawa a kan ajanda, duk da nufin inganta sadarwa tare da kasuwancin Turai da masu sarrafa jiragen sama.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> Gwamnati ta ce a cikin shekarar 2014 cewa za a cire Dmytro Kiva, Shugaba-Janar na Zane na Antonov. Ma'aikatan Antonov sun amsa ta hanyar shiga cikin Kyiv kuma suna kiran ya dawo.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>Kamfanin ya karyata jita-jitar cewa an sauke shi daga mukaminsa a wata sanarwa da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2014. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun bukaci Dmytro Kiva ya jagoranci jagorancin kamfanin tare da cewa Majalisar Ministocin Ukraine ta yanke shawara mai lamba 18, mai kwanan wata. Afrilu 11, shekarar 2014, a soke.<ref>https://www.defense-aerospace.com/antonov-workers-back-ukraine-vote-to-keep-ceo/</ref>A ranar 4 ga watan Yuli, gungun matukan jirgi na gwaji na girmamawa daga Ukraine sun rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar Petro Poroshenko suna rokonsa da ya ci gaba da bude yiwuwar bunkasa bangaren sufurin jiragen sama a kasarsu tare da maido da Dmytro Kiva a matsayin babban mai zane.<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/astc.htm</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 Antonov ya bayyana cewa yana so ya fara aiki tare da Poland tun da suna da kwarewa sosai a wani yanki da kuma Poles a wani. Mikailo Hvozdev ya karbi ragamar shugabancin Antonov a watan Yunin shekara ta 2016, kodayake an ce Kiva ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zanen kamfanin. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ƙaura daga Kyiv zuwa Baku, babban birnin Azarbaijan, don yin aikin raya fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙasar. Ya yi la'akari da zabin da zai iya yi da kuma fatan samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama da za su amfani Azerbaijan.<ref>https://en.lb.ua/news/2016/11/22/2389_former_chief_designer_antonov.html</ref> ==Mutuwa== Kiva ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 81. ==manazarta== 23tglx7fd64kt75rhmhbudlspsf8x5n 0 88340 551705 551060 2024-12-04T13:45:45Z Nnamadee 31123 551705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir putin''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1952) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon jami’in leken asiri wanda yake shugabancin Rasha tun daga shekarar 2012, bayan ya taba shugabancin daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2008. Putin kuma ya taba rike mukamin Firayim Ministan Rasha daga shekarar 1999 zuwa shekarar 2000 da kuma daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A cikin shekaru 24, watanni 10 da kwanaki 30 da yake kan mulki, shi ne shugaba mafi dadewa kan mulki a tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet tun lokacin shugabancin shekara 30 na Joseph Stalin.<ref>d]/ˈpuːtɪn/ POO-tin; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ⓘ.</ref>Putin ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in leken asirin ƙasashen waje na KGB na tsawon shekaru 16, inda ya kai matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1991 don fara sana'ar siyasa a birnin Saint Petersburg. A shekarar 1996, ya koma birnin Moscow don shiga cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin. Ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayya (FSB) sannan ya zama sakataren Majalisar Tsaro ta Rasha kafin a naɗa shi firaminista a watan Agustan shekarar 1999. Bayan Yeltsin ya yi murabus, Putin ya zama mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa kuma, a cikin ƙasa da watanni huɗu, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2004. Saboda iyakar wa’adin shugaban ƙasa biyu a jere da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada, Putin ya sake yin aiki a matsayin firaminista daga shekarar 2008 zuwa Shekarar 2012 ƙarƙashin Dmitry Medvedev. Ya koma shugabancin ƙasa a shekarar 2012, bayan wani zaɓen da aka yi zargi da maguɗi da kuma zanga-zanga, sannan an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2018.A lokacin farko na shugabancinsa, tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da matsakaicin kashi bakwai cikin ɗari a kowace shekara<ref>[2]Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref>wanda aka samu ta dalilin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar farashin mai da iskar gas<ref>^[3] ''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9.</ref><ref>[4]Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17</ref> == Manazarta == aecwa1flbvkcgpdz69odzl5hjzi4nr9 551706 551705 2024-12-04T13:47:33Z Nnamadee 31123 551706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir putin''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1952) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon jami’in leken asiri wanda yake shugabancin Rasha tun daga shekarar 2012, bayan ya taba shugabancin daga shekarar 2000 zuwa shekarar 2008. Putin kuma ya taba rike mukamin Firayim Ministan Rasha daga shekarar 1999 zuwa shekarar 2000 da kuma daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A cikin shekaru 24, watanni 10 da kwanaki 30 da yake kan mulki, shi ne shugaba mafi dadewa kan mulki a tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet tun lokacin shugabancin shekara 30 na Joseph Stalin.<ref>d]/ˈpuːtɪn/ POO-tin; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ⓘ.</ref>Putin ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in leken asirin ƙasashen waje na KGB na tsawon shekaru 16, inda ya kai matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1991 don fara sana'ar siyasa a birnin Saint Petersburg. A shekarar 1996, ya koma birnin Moscow don shiga cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin. Ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayya (FSB) sannan ya zama sakataren Majalisar Tsaro ta Rasha kafin a naɗa shi firaminista a watan Agustan shekarar 1999. Bayan Yeltsin ya yi murabus, Putin ya zama mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa kuma, a cikin ƙasa da watanni huɗu, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2004. Saboda iyakar wa’adin shugaban ƙasa biyu a jere da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada, Putin ya sake yin aiki a matsayin firaminista daga shekarar 2008 zuwa Shekarar 2012 ƙarƙashin Dmitry Medvedev. Ya koma shugabancin ƙasa a shekarar 2012, bayan wani zaɓen da aka yi zargi da maguɗi da kuma zanga-zanga, sannan an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2018.A lokacin farko na shugabancinsa, tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da matsakaicin kashi bakwai cikin ɗari a kowace shekara<ref>[2]Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref>wanda aka samu ta dalilin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar farashin mai da iskar gas<ref>^[3] ''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9.</ref><ref>[4]Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17</ref> == Manazarta == adwxlw9a0puqgxwffgbynjd5k91s4pa 551707 551706 2024-12-04T13:48:00Z Nnamadee 31123 551707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir putin''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1952) ɗan siyasa ne kuma tsohon jami’in leken asiri wanda yake shugabancin Rasha tun daga shekarar 2012, bayan ya taba shugabancin daga shekarar 2000 zuwa shekarar 2008. Putin kuma ya taba rike mukamin Firayim Ministan Rasha daga shekarar 1999 zuwa shekarar 2000 da kuma daga 2008 zuwa shekarar 2012. A cikin shekaru 24, watanni 10 da kwanaki 30 da yake kan mulki, shi ne shugaba mafi dadewa kan mulki a tarihin Rasha ko Tarayyar Soviet tun lokacin shugabancin shekara 30 na Joseph Stalin.<ref>d]/ˈpuːtɪn/ POO-tin; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ⓘ.</ref>Putin ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in leken asirin ƙasashen waje na KGB na tsawon shekaru 16, inda ya kai matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1991 don fara sana'ar siyasa a birnin Saint Petersburg. A shekarar 1996, ya koma birnin Moscow don shiga cikin gwamnatin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin. Ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayya (FSB) sannan ya zama sakataren Majalisar Tsaro ta Rasha kafin a naɗa shi firaminista a watan Agustan shekarar 1999. Bayan Yeltsin ya yi murabus, Putin ya zama mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa kuma, a cikin ƙasa da watanni huɗu, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko. An sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2004. Saboda iyakar wa’adin shugaban ƙasa biyu a jere da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada, Putin ya sake yin aiki a matsayin firaminista daga shekarar 2008 zuwa Shekarar 2012 ƙarƙashin Dmitry Medvedev. Ya koma shugabancin ƙasa a shekarar 2012, bayan wani zaɓen da aka yi zargi da maguɗi da kuma zanga-zanga, sannan an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2018.A lokacin farko na shugabancinsa, tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da matsakaicin kashi bakwai cikin ɗari a kowace shekara<ref>[2]Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</ref>wanda aka samu ta dalilin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kuma karuwar farashin mai da iskar gas<ref>^[3] ''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9.</ref><ref>[4]Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17</ref> == Manazarta == pv39fr6dn1b90d5c6i5p1ycsnyceqt2 0 88385 551999 549841 2024-12-05T05:09:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cheng Pei-pei''' (6 Janairu 1946 - 17 Yuli 2024) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar Hong Kong-Amurka wacce ta fara aikinta a 1963 kuma an dauke ta a matsayin jarumar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko ta sinima.<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/life/entertainment/cheng-pei-pei-star-of-come-drink-with-me-and-crouching-tiger-hidden-dragon-dies-at-78</ref>An san ta da fina-finai ku zo ku sha tare da ni (1966), Scholar Flirting (1993), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), jerin talabijin Young Justice Bao (2000), Paladin na China (2004) da nunin gaskiya Divas Hit the Road ( 2014).<ref>https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/film/cheng-pei-pei-on-ang-lee-and-her-iconic-roles-with-shaw-studios</ref> ==Sana'a== An haifi Cheng Jiang PEI-match a Shanghai, tare da gidan kakaninta INS Haoxing, Zhejiang.Ita ce babba a cikin 'yan'uwa hudu, tare da kanne da kanne biyu. Mahaifinta, Jiang Xuecheng, mamba ne na Kuomintang wanda ya yi aiki da 'yan sanda na gundumar Shanghai a cikin Shanghai International Settlement.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Jiang ya kafa masana'antar tawada ta farko ta kasar Sin. A shekara ta 1952, lokacin da Cheng ke da shekaru 6, an yiwa mahaifinta lakabi a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali kuma aka tura shi sansanin aiki a Mongoliya ta ciki; Ba ta sake ganinsa ba kuma ya rasu a 1963 ba tare da danginsa sun sani ba.Mahaifiyar Cheng, wadda da farko ita ce sakatariyar mahaifinta, daga baya kuma kuyangarsa, ta yanke shawarar canza sunan yaran zuwa nata domin kare su daga illolin siyasar mahaifinsu.<ref>https://www.zaobao.com.sg/entertainment/story20240719-4304745</ref> Cheng ta halarci makarantar firamare ta duniya a birnin Shanghai, inda ta kasance abokiyar karatun taurarin fina-finai na gaba Grace Chang da Chen Hou.Ta tafi makarantar sakandaren mata ta Shanghai No. 3, inda ta kasance abokiyar makarantar Lydia Shum. Cheng ya yi karatun ballet na tsawon shekaru shida a birnin Shanghai. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, mahaifiyar Cheng da 'yan'uwansa sun ƙaura zuwa Hong Kong, inda suka bar Cheng a hannun wata yarinya a Shanghai kafin yarinyar ta tafi. Cheng ta yi zaman kanta na tsawon shekaru da dama kuma ta koma Hong Kong a shekarar 1960, a lokacin shekara ta biyu ta karama, don sake haduwa da danginta.<ref>https://www.zaobao.com.sg/entertainment/story20240719-4304745</ref>A cikin 1963, an shigar da ita shirin horarwa a Shaw Brothers Studio, bayan ta shiga cikin ɗakin studio kuma ta fara fim ɗinta na farko a cikin The Lotus Lamp (1965), ta buga wani masanin Liu Yanchang a gaban Lin Dai.Cheng ta bi wannan ne da rawar da ta taka na mace ta farko a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na Taiwanese Lovers' Rock (1964).<ref>http://www.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/index.php?p=article&article=333</ref> Saboda basirarta da raye-raye na Mandarin, ta yi sauri ta tashi a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Hong Kong a lokacin da shirye-shiryen yaren Mandarin ya ba da umarnin kasafin kuɗi mafi girma da rarraba fiye da ayyukan Cantonese. Cheng ya shahara saboda tauraro a cikin fim din Hong Kong wuxia Come Drink with Me (1966), wanda King Hu ya jagoranta.An saita shi a lokacin daular Ming, tauraruwar Cheng a matsayin Golden Swallow, ƙwararriyar mai takobi a kan aikin ceto ɗan'uwanta. Cheng ya ci gaba da yin ƙwararrun matan takobi a cikin fina-finai da dama a cikin shekarun 1960.<ref>"Cheng Pei-pei". Chinesemov.com. Retrieved 27 February 2010.</ref> A shekarar 1970, a lokacin da take kololuwar sana'arta, Cheng ta yi aure kuma daga baya ta yi ritaya daga wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta koma Amurka don harkokin kasuwancin mijinta.Ta halarci makarantar kasuwanci a Jami'ar California, Irvine kuma ta koyar da raye-rayen kasar Sin.<ref>http://elaccampusnews.com/2012/03/28/former-l-a-laker-girl-teaches-dance/{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>A cikin shekarun 1980s, Cheng ta kafa kamfanin samar da talabijin a Amurka kuma ta zagaya a fadin Hawaii da Arewacin California da kudinta don samar da jerin shirye-shirye game da Sinawa Amurkawa.Duk kasuwancin Cheng na TV da aurenta sun gaza a lokaci guda. A 1987, ta rabu da mijinta amma ta ci gaba da zama tare da shi har tsawon shekaru biyu. A cikin 1989, kamfaninta ya bayyana fatarar kudi, kuma Cheng ya fice daga gidansu.<ref>https://www.zaobao.com.sg/entertainment/story20240719-4304745</ref> Tare da masanin wasan ban dariya na Flirting Scholar (1993), Cheng ya yi nasarar komawa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 1990s Hong Kong. A cikin 2000, ta dawo hankalin duniya tare da matsayinta na Jade Fox a cikin Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, wanda Ang Lee ya jagoranta, wanda Cheng ya yi abota a cikin 90s lokacin da ta kasance mai masaukin baki na KSCI's Mandarin talk show, Pei-Pei's Time.<ref>Reid, Craig. "Cheng Pei-Pei". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2020.</ref> A cikin karni na 21, ta zama mai taka rawa a duk fadin kasar Sin tare da wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin na kasar Sin irin su Young Justice Bao (2000), Paladin na China (2004), da The Patriot Yue Fei (2012), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Singaporean Spring of Life (2002) ) da Matan Zamani (2006).Ta sami sabon shahara a tsakanin matasa tare da farkon kakar wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na kasar Sin Divas Hit the Road (2014).Shahararrun yabo na kasa da kasa sun hada da fim din Fighter Street: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009), wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya Lilting (2014), filin wasan kwaikwayo na Kanada (2017), da fim ɗinta na ƙarshe, wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa na Disney na Mulan. (2020).<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/cheng-pei-pei-crouching-tiger-hidden-dragon-come-drink-with-me-actress-dead-at-78-1235952807/</ref> Bayan da ta samu lambar yabo ta sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo a Hongkong a shekarar 2015, Cheng ta yi tunani a kan aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo kamar haka: "A koyaushe ina tunawa da cewa ina wakiltar jama'ar Hong Kong, don haka ko a ina nake a duniya, zan kasance koyaushe. bayyana kaina a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong kuma in ci gaba da ƙware da ya kamata 'yar wasan Hong Kong ta kasance."<ref>https://www.mytvsuper.com/tc/scoopplus/entertainment/e-news/13587314173832/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82-%E9%84%AD%E4%BD%A9%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%A2%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%A8%E9%8C%A2%E5%98%89%E6%A8%82%E6%84%9F%E6%BF%80%E5%89%8D%E8%BC%A9%E7%84%A1%E7%A7%81%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E-%E4%BD%A9%E4%BD%A9%E5%A7%90%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E6%81%AF%E5%BD%B1%E5%AB%81%E4%BA%BA8%E6%AC%A1%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%954%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A2</ref> A cikin 2019, an gano Cheng yana da lalatawar corticobasal, amma ya zaɓi ya ɓoye cutar ta sirri tare da ciyar da sauran lokacinta tare da 'ya'yanta da jikoki. Ta mutu a yankin San Francisco Bay a ranar 17 ga Yuli 2024, tana da shekaru 78.<ref>https://variety.com/2024/film/news/cheng-pe-pei-dead-crouching-tiger-hidden-dragon-1236077809/</ref>An ba ta lambar yabo ta Nasara ta Rayuwa bayan mutuwarta a lambar yabo ta 61st Golden Horse Awards. ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Cheng ya kasance mai bin addinin Buddha. Ta kware a yaren Shanghainese, Cantonese, Mandarin da Ingilishi.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvSv2cjuVeY</ref> A shekara ta 1964, yayin da take yin fim ɗin Come Drink tare da Ni, ta kamu da soyayya da Chan Hung-lit, wanda ya yi waƙar Jade-Faced Tiger. Sau da yawa su biyun sun yi jayayya game da kafircin Chan kuma Cheng daga ƙarshe ya bar shi zuwa Yueh Hua, babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Come Drink tare da Ni.Dangantakarsu ta kai shekaru biyar har sai da abokin Cheng Yi Shu, sannan mai ba da rahoto kan nishadi, ya shiga ciki; Cheng ya bar triangle na soyayya ya koma Amurka bayan aure.<ref>https://static.nfnews.com/content/202407/19/c9093150.html?enterColumnId=0</ref>Lokacin da Yi Shu ta gano wasikar Cheng zuwa Yueh daga Amurka, ta fusata sosai har ta yanke tufafin Yueh ta daba wuka a cikin gadonsa. Yi Shu ya kuma bayyana wasiƙar a bainar jama'a ta jaridu, wanda ya jefa auren Cheng cikin haɗari kuma ya sa Yueh ya kawo ƙarshen dangantakarsa da Yi Shu.<ref>https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121233/8109172</ref> A shekara ta 1970, Cheng ya auri ɗan kasuwan Taiwan Yuan Wen-Tung, wanda mahaifinsa shi ne wakilin Shaw Brothers a Taiwan. Ma'auratan sun hadu ne a lokacin da ake yin fim din Shaw Brothers na Lover's Rock a Taiwan; Mahaifiyar Cheng ta yi hasarar kuɗin wasan mahjong a gidan Yuan, kuma an aika Cheng ya kai kuɗin ga mahaifiyar Yuan, inda Cheng ya fara saduwa da Yuan.Bayan aurensu, sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Ganin cewa Yuan shi ne ɗa tilo a cikin iyalinsa, Cheng ya ji cewa wajibi ne ya haifa masa ɗa. Ta samu ciki takwas da zubar da cikin hudu sannan ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu har aka haifi da namiji.<ref>https://www.zaobao.com.sg/entertainment/story20240719-4304745</ref>A shekara ta 1987, tare da alimoni na dala 100,000, ta sake aure cikin nutsuwa ba tare da sanar da 'ya'yanta ba, kuma ta ci gaba da zama tare da Yuan na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ta tashi.<ref>https://www.zaobao.com.sg/entertainment/story20240719-4304745</ref> Dan Cheng, Harry Yuan, mai masaukin baki ne kan National Geographic, kuma 'ya'yanta mata Jennifer, Marsha, da Eugenia Yuan duk 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne.<ref>https://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/First-major-female-martial-arts-star-Cheng-12883215.php</ref> ==MANAZARTA== cbtgzge8xmrw8ltnvjsesf76amlo909 0 88515 551680 551678 2024-12-04T13:07:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu, smceyeebgnf0ig727djygr6ea36663j 551681 551680 2024-12-04T13:08:25Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref> obm5mmmoou4bx8ou03dqf3jlslv29sq 551682 551681 2024-12-04T13:08:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu. goc6qrriywds9ot0g7helsdr934yesu 551683 551682 2024-12-04T13:09:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref> k494if8nmqdc4his3vbkk5wn5yxo32d 551684 551683 2024-12-04T13:10:00Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina." 3la449fi3pafypffqk02kjcg0zjrfw0 551686 551684 2024-12-04T13:10:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref> by6dz2sxk7wsuafk4cl94101a70kknl 551687 551686 2024-12-04T13:11:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci. hglvyoho3hd7025fsk32j62ynwgwmop 551688 551687 2024-12-04T13:11:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> hui32xxreftad3koctns9jtmbty33qd 551689 551688 2024-12-04T13:12:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus. 4jci43bdr2vq6gpmz9vjisbcw9r0q6y 551690 551689 2024-12-04T13:12:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> 1nxk3rc3js7rynx1rj8rye4yhvjql88 551691 551690 2024-12-04T13:12:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane. afxr5ybkzeixk1sv1ln1yb1jtz7t82k 551692 551691 2024-12-04T13:13:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref> jtkar6s7fdl69a5entg5j77gbyrn2nu 551693 551692 2024-12-04T13:13:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko. t055udko5p866v6rpr6oydehqkfd9wo 551694 551693 2024-12-04T13:14:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> 60fdp3p46lctsxatypi0552irwv56h5 551695 551694 2024-12-04T13:14:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari". 3t9sxh49q3gnzggglcoklqqwr4n3fc9 551696 551695 2024-12-04T13:15:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref> 7y8flg4onvx4k5nphhake9mluv6cp3g 551697 551696 2024-12-04T13:15:43Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II". 5iukbjtxl8232ubbqhqz2ecb5th839e 551698 551697 2024-12-04T13:16:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> 6fgj94xm0exbabqvcuhuzjcx2pckug2 551699 551698 2024-12-04T13:16:43Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> Ta bayyana cewa: "Saboda kwarewara game da Holocaust, ba na son rasa abokai." i1qqxp87q2usnc4jduobtdveybepgnq 551700 551699 2024-12-04T13:17:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> Ta bayyana cewa: "Saboda kwarewara game da Holocaust, ba na son rasa abokai."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> 0k59mopebgio21i6n0bf72whz4urptf 551701 551700 2024-12-04T13:17:42Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> Ta bayyana cewa: "Saboda kwarewara game da Holocaust, ba na son rasa abokai."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Westheimer ta mutu a gidanta da ke Manhattan a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 96. 86lh2aijzyrdxpfdejs0e51ynx1v32u 551702 551701 2024-12-04T13:18:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> Ta bayyana cewa: "Saboda kwarewara game da Holocaust, ba na son rasa abokai."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Westheimer ta mutu a gidanta da ke Manhattan a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 96.<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref> op05xblaz200m4j7xu1iyfb4bqmthys 551703 551702 2024-12-04T13:18:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karola Ruth Westheimer''' (Yuni 4, 1928 - Yuli 12, 2024), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Ruth,wata Bajamushe ne da Ba'amurke mai ilimin jima'i kuma mai masaukin baki. An haifi Westheimer a Jamus ga dangin Bayahude. Yayin da ‘yan Nazi suka hau kan karagar mulki, iyayenta sun tura yarinyar ‘yar shekara 10 a wata makaranta a kasar Switzerland domin tsira da rayukansu yayin da suka tsaya a baya saboda tsohuwar kakarta.<ref>Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. p. 594.</ref> Dukansu an kashe su ne a sansanonin tara jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na wajibi a karkashin ikon Birtaniya. Da tsayin taku 4 da inci 7 (cm 140) kuma tana da shekara 17, ta shiga Haganah, kuma an horar da ta a matsayin maharbi.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref>A ranar zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 20, ta sami rauni a wani mataki da wani harsashi ya fashe a lokacin gobarar turmi a Urushalima a lokacin Yaƙin ‘Yancin Isra’ila na 1947 – 1949, kuma ya kusan rasa ƙafafu biyu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Westheimer ta koma Paris, Faransa, inda ta karanta ilimin halin dan Adam a Sorbonne. Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1956, ta yi aiki a matsayin kuyanga don saka kanta a makarantar digiri, ta sami Master of Arts a ilimin zamantakewa daga New School a 1959, kuma ta sami digiri na uku yana da shekaru 42 daga Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, a 1970. . A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta koyar a jami'o'i da yawa kuma ta yi aikin gyaran jima'i na sirri. Aikin watsa labarai na Westheimer ya fara ne a cikin 1980 tare da nunin kiran kiran rediyo na Magana da Jima'i, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa 1990.A cikin 1983 ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayon rediyo a babbar kasuwar rediyon ƙasar. Sannan ta kaddamar da wani shirin talabijin mai suna The Dr. Ruth Show, wanda a shekarar 1985 ya ja hankalin masu kallo miliyan biyu a mako.Ta zama sananne don ba da shawara mai mahimmanci yayin da take faɗin gaskiya, amma kuma dumi, fara'a, ban dariya, da mutuntawa, da kuma kalmar tambarin ta: "Samu wasu".A cikin 1984 The New York Times ta lura cewa ta tashi "daga duhu zuwa kusan tauraro."<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref>Ta dauki nauyin shirye-shirye da yawa akan Tashar Rayuwa da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar gidan talabijin na USB daga 1984 zuwa 1993.Ta zama sunan gida da manyan al'adu, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da yin fim tare da Gérard Depardieu, ta fito a bangon Mutane, ta rera waƙa a kan kundin Tom Chapin, ta fito a tallace-tallace da yawa, kuma ta dauki nauyin bidiyo na Playboy.Ita ce marubucin litattafai 45 kan jima'i da jima'i. Wasan mace ɗaya ta 2013 Zama Dr. Ruth, wanda Mark St.Germain, shine game da rayuwar Westheimer, kamar yadda yake a cikin shirin 2019, Tambayi Dr. Ruth, wanda Ryan White ya jagoranta.An shigar da ita cikin Gidan Rediyon Fame, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Magnus Hirschfeld, Medal na Ellis Island Medal, Medal Leo Baeck, Kyautar Iyayen Iyaye Margaret Sanger, da Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus. ==Rayuwa da ilimi== '''Jamus''' An haifi Westheimer Karola Ruth Siegel, a ƙauyen Wiesenfeld (yanzu ɓangaren Karlstadt am Main), a Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref>Ita kaɗai ce ɗiyar Yahudawan Orthodox, Irma (née Hanauer), ma'aikacin gida, da Julius Siegel, mai sayar da kayayyaki kuma ɗan gidan da Irma ya yi wa aiki.<ref>https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/westheimer-ruth</ref>Tun tana ɗan shekara ɗaya, ta zauna a wani gida a Frankfurt tare da iyayenta da kakarta, Selma, wadda gwauruwa ce.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref>Mahaifinta ya ba ta tushe a cikin addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya kai ta a kai a kai zuwa majami'a a gundumar Nordend na Frankfurt, inda suke zama.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/10/books/what-she-did-for-love.html</ref> Mahaifinta, mai shekaru 38 a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun tafi da shi, inda suka tura shi sansanin taro na Dachau mako guda bayan Kristallnacht, "Night of Broken Glass", lokacin da 'yan Nazi suka kona shaguna na Yahudawa 10,000 da kuma gidajen Yahudawa. da majami'u, a cikin Nuwamba 1938.<ref>https://www.insider.com/holocaust-remembrance-day-crystal-kristallnacht-nazis-dr-ruth-family-sex-therapist</ref>Ta yi kuka yayin da ’yan Gestapo suka tafi da mahaifinta suka loda shi a mota, yayin da kakarta ta ba da kuɗin Nazi, tana roƙon, "Ka kula da ɗana sosai." ===Switzerland=== Mahaifiyar Westheimer da kakarsa sun yanke shawarar cewa Jamus na Nazi na da haɗari a gare ta, saboda karuwar tashin hankalin Nazi.Saboda haka, ƴan makonni bayan haka, a cikin Janairu 1939, sun aika da ita a Kindertransport, wani jirgin kasa na ceto yaran Yahudawa zuwa Switzerland, ko da yake ba ta so ta tafi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=d-2aad_BohkC&q=%22dr.+ruth%22+%22wiesenfeld%22</ref>Ruth, wadda a lokacin tana ’yar shekara 10, ba a sake rungumar su ba sa’ad da take yarinya.<ref>Christiane Amanpour (August 21, 2019). "Transcripts". CNN. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.</ref> Ta isa gidan marayu na wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Yahudawa a Heiden, Switzerland, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara Yahudawa 300, wasu kuma ba su kai shekara shida ba.<ref>"Ruth Westheimer at Trinity College (2004)". Trinity. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</ref>A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kusan dukansu marayu ne, domin iyayensu ba su fita daga Jamus ba kuma ‘yan Nazi sun kashe su.<ref>https://whatrocks.github.io/commencement-db/2004-ruth-westheimer-trinity-college/</ref>A gidan marayun an ba ta aikin tsaftacewa kuma ta dauki nauyin mai kulawa da uwa ga yara kanana.<ref>Dudar, Helen (January 10, 1988). "What She Did For Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta zauna a gidan marayu na tsawon shekaru shida.<ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a0a0b710abd0473f4c2bf0c/t/616efd8deb84d00d3d5b969a/1634663823454/Preserving+Family+Stories%281%29.pdf</ref>’Yan mata a gidan marayun ba a ba su damar daukar darasi a makarantar nan.Sai dai wani yaro da ke makarantar ya ba ta aron littattafansa da daddare don ta iya karanta su a asirce kuma ta ci gaba da karatun ta.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Yayin da yake a gidan marayu na Swiss, Westheimer ta yi rubutu da mahaifiyarta da kakarta ta wasiƙu. Wasiƙunsu sun ƙare a 1941,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>lokacin da aka kora iyayenta da kakarta zuwa Łódź Ghetto a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1941.<ref>Arolsen Archives: Deportation from Frankfurt/Main to Lodz, 1941/10/20, Reference Code 8229601</ref>A can, mahaifinta da mahaifiyarsa sun mutu a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.bild.de/news/inland/news-inland/sexual-therapeutin-ruth-westheimer-wie-die-nazis-die-familie-von-dr-ruth-zerstoe-75033268.bild.html</ref>Kafin ta fahimci hakan daga baya a rayuwarta, ta yi imani cewa an kashe mahaifinta a sansanin taro na Auschwitz a shekara ta 1942.<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Babu wani bayani game da takamaiman yanayin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. A cikin bayanan da ke Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Yad Vashem ta Duniya, an rarraba mahaifiyar Westheimer a matsayin verschollen, ko "bacewa/kisa".<ref>https://www.jewishindependent.ca/tag/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Baya ga iyayen Westheimer, duk sauran 'yan uwanta sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin Holocaust.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Shekaru da yawa, ta rayu tare da "laifi marar hankali"; a tunaninta da ta zauna a Jamus zata iya ceton iyayenta.Daga baya, ta ce laifin ya maye gurbinsa da nuna sha'awar sadaukarwar da iyayenta suka yi wajen aike ta da ita, tana mai cewa: "Ba zan samu karfin gwiwa ba na kori 'ya'yana kamar haka."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/26/style/therapist-to-therapist-analyzing-dr-ruth.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan ta sami digiri na uku, Westheimer a takaice ta yi aiki a Planned Parenthood a Harlem horar da mata don koyar da ilimin jima'i, kuma wannan ƙwarewar ta ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da nazarin jima'i na ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-the-chutzpah-that-made-dr-ruth-the-real-wonder-woman-1.7577627</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Asibitin New York-Presbyterian.<ref>http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/westheimer.html</ref>Ta ci gaba da aiki a can a matsayin abokiyar farfesa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Ta kuma koyar a Kwalejin Lehman, Kwalejin Brooklyn, Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Adelphi, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar New York, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, da West Point.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/style/a-voice-of-sexual-literacy.html</ref>Ta yi wa majinyata maganin jima'i a cikin wani aiki mai zaman kansa, a kan titin Gabas na 73rd akan Upper East Side na Manhattan.<ref>https://www.tvo.org/transcript/128867X/dr-ruth-westheimer</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Westheimer ta yi aure sau uku, karo na farko ga sojan Isra'ila kuma dalibin likitanci David Bar-Heim na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma a karo na biyu a takaice ga Dan Bommer, wanda ta haifi 'yarta, Miriam, wanda daga baya ya dauki sunan mahaifinta.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta ce kowanne aurenta ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da shawarar dangantakarta, amma bayan saki biyu aurenta ne na uku, tana da shekara 32 ga wani dan uwanta na Holocaust Manfred 'Fred' Westheimer, wannan shine "aure na gaske".<ref>https://wanderwomenproject.com/women/dr-ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta sadu da Fred a kan ƙwanƙwasa ski a cikin Catskills.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref>Shi ma Fred ya tsere daga Jamus na Nazi.<ref>https://people.com/archive/love-and-loss-vol-48-no-16/</ref>Lokacin da Diane Sawyer, yin hira da ma'auratan don wasan kwaikwayo na TV 60 Minutes ta tambayi mijinta game da rayuwarsu ta jima'i, ya amsa, "'ya'yan masu yin takalma ba su da takalma."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/nov/10/dr-ruth-westheimer-my-family-values</ref>Aurensu ya kai shekaru 36, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1997.<ref>https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2015/01/05/ruth-westheimer/</ref>Ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu: Dr. Miriam Yael Westheimer, malami, marubuci, kuma babban jami'in shirye-shirye na HIPPY International, wanda ke bunkasa ilimin yara da shirye-shiryen karatu,<ref>"Miriam Westheimer". LinkedIn. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</ref>kuma wanda ya zauna a Isra'ila na tsawon shekaru shida kuma daga baya ya auri Joel Henry Einleger, da Joel Westheimer, farfesa a Jami'ar Ottawa; tana da jikoki hudu.<ref>"Miriam Westheimer to Marry in June". The New York Times. November 17, 1985. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.</ref>Ta ce: "Ni gajere ne - ƙafa 4 da inci 7 - har na kasa yarda cewa wani abu zai iya girma a cikina."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/04/arts/cable-tv-notes-celebrities-on-lifetime-tell-about-life-with-mother.html</ref>Westheimer ya yi magana da Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Ibrananci.<ref>Barbara Multer (1987). The Dr Ruth Phenomenon: The Sexual Awakening of America?. Richardson & Steirman. p. 18. ISBN 9780931933479.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2014, Westheimer ya kasance bako a wani bikin aure a Bronx. Angon, Rabbi Benjamin Goldschmidt, shi ne jikan matar da ta taimaka wajen ceto Westheimer daga hannun Nazi Jamus.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/fashion/weddings/taking-their-time.html</ref> Daga cikin abubuwan da ta dame ta a karni na 21 akwai kadaicin mutane.<ref>https://thedickinsonian.com/news/2020/02/20/dr-ruth-westheimer-reflects-on-life-as-sex-educator-and-orphan-of-holocaust/</ref>A cikin 2023, Gwamna Kathy Hochul na New York ya nada Westheimer a matsayin "Jakadan Loneliness" na farko.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/nyregion/dr-ruth-loneliness-ambassador.html</ref> A cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe, Westheimer ta zauna a cikin ɗimbin ɗaki mai dakuna uku a kan titin 190th "a Washington Heights inda ta yi renon 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta shahara, bisa ga tsari".<ref>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/11/dr-ruth-21-questions.html</ref>Ta zauna a can, in ji ta a cikin 1995, don zama kusa da majami'u biyu da ta kasance memba (ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce majami'ar Reform na Ikilisiyar Tabernacle Ibrananci na Washington Heights, ɗayan kuma shine Majami'ar Conservative Adath Israel na Riverdale; ta kasance memba na majami'ar Orthodox Ohav Shalom har sai da ta rufe), YMHA na Washington Heights da Inwood wanda ta kasance shugaba na 11. shekaru, da kuma "har yanzu babbar al'umma ta Jamus 'yan gudun hijirar Yakin Duniya na II".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/last-frankfurt-hudson-staunch-aging-few-stay-their-world-evaporates.html</ref> Ta bayyana cewa: "Saboda kwarewara game da Holocaust, ba na son rasa abokai."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/21/garden/at-home-with-dr-ruth-westheimer-the-bible-as-sex-manual.html</ref> Westheimer ta mutu a gidanta da ke Manhattan a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 96.<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/world-famous-jewish-sex-therapist-dr-ruth-westheimer-dies-at-96/</ref> ==MANAZARTA== kw41rpoimfcz6zykm1bcl2ywnni3mry 0 88528 551679 2024-12-04T12:08:23Z 2404:7C80:64:935C:B504:3B22:B17F:FD69 Ki 551679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Trackier|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=<!-- if applicable -->|death_place=<!-- if applicable -->|nationality=|citizenship=|other_names=|occupation=|years_active=2016 - present|known_for=SaaS Marketing Technology|notable_works=|awards=|website=https://trackier.com/|alma_mater=SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai|spouse=<!-- if applicable -->|children=<!-- if applicable -->|parents=<!-- if applicable -->|relatives=<!-- if applicable -->|residence=|module=}}'''Trackier''' sanannen farawa ne na bootstrap wanda ke a Indiya, wanda aka san shi da bin diddigin sa na sama da hanyoyin gudanar da haɗin gwiwa. An kafa shi a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2016, Trackier yana da niyyar zama babban suna a cikin masana'antar Software a matsayin Sabis (SaaS).<ref>https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/future-proof-your-marketing-5-trends-observed-by-trackier-to-dominate-2024/</ref> == Kayan aiki da Ayyuka == Trackier yana ba da samfuran SaaS masu biyan kuɗi waɗanda aka tsara don masu tallace-tallace da alamomi don ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa, ingantawa da haɓaka kuɗaɗen shiga na tallace-kallace ta hanyar samar da amintaccen bayanan halayen, ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci game da kamfen ɗin tallace-tafi da cikakkiyar garkuwar kariya ta zamba don kare kasafin kuɗin su. Hadayarsu ta haɗa da: ''"'Performance Marketing Software:"''' Kayan aiki na biyan kuɗi don masu talla da alamomi don sarrafawa, biye, da inganta tallan aiki da kamfen ɗin tallan abokin tarayya.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/trackier-gets-2023-24-great-place-to-work-certification-123111000773_1.html</ref> ''"'Affiliate Marketing Platform for iGaming:"''' Wani dandamali na musamman na tallace-tallace na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke kula da bukatun masu aiki da iGaming da alamomi don bin diddigin kamfen ɗin haɗin gwiwa, bin diddigirin aiki, gudanar da kwamitoci, sarrafa lissafin kuɗi, da kuma hana zamba.<ref>https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/mobile-marketing-summit-2021-good-ethics-is-a-key-for-long-term-relationships-udit-verma-trackier/85426708</ref><ref>https://www.agencyreporter.com/trackier-witnesses-rapid-growth-post-covid/</ref> ''"'Mobile Marketing Platform:"''' Dandalin SaaS don masu mallakar aikace-aikacen hannu da masu siyarwa don fitar da sayen mai amfani da riƙewa akan aikace-aikacinsu ta hannu ta hanyar kamfen ɗin talla. Dandalin ma'auni na wayar hannu (kayan ma'aunin wayar hannu) kuma an sanye shi da haɗin kai mai zurfi, rigakafin zamba, inganta yawan juyawa da fasalulluka na rarraba masu sauraro don masu sayar da wayar hannu don inganta kuɗin talla.<ref>https://www.mid-day.com/amp/brand-media/tech/article/break-down-marketing-data-silos-with-trackier-why-integration-is-the-key-1148</ref> == Manufa == Babban manufar Trackier shine ya sauƙaƙa tallan haɗin gwiwa, mai basira, kuma ya fi dacewa ga kowane alama da mai tallatawa na eCommerce, FinTech, Travel, Service-Based Apps, iGaming, Gaming, Banking, da dai sauransu. == Masu kafa da Babbar Ƙungiya == * Faizan Ayubi (Co-founder & Shugaba): Faizan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Trackier a matsayin jagorar kasuwa a Indiya, yana kama kusan kashi 70% na kasuwar kuma yana samun tushen abokin ciniki sama da 1,500. * Udit Verma (Co-founder & CMO): Udit ya kawo kwarewarsa a tallace-tallace, tallace-tafiye, ci gaban alama, fadada kasuwanci, da gudanar da ayyukan ga ƙungiyar. * Hemant Mann (Co-founder & CTO): Hemant yana kula da ci gaban samfur kuma yana tabbatar da cewa fasahar kamfanin ta dace da burin kasuwancin ta. * Membobin Kungiyar: "'Mukul Kaushik'" (Babban Jami'in Haraji): Mukul yana da alhakin kula da tallace-tallace da ci gaban kasuwanci a Trackier. == Ayyuka == Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, Trackier ya fito ne a matsayin babban dan wasa a masana'antar SaaS, musamman a fannonin bin diddigin da gudanar da alaƙa. Sabbin mafita na kamfanin sun ba da damar samfuran su inganta kamfen ɗin tallace-tallace yadda ya kamata. A sakamakon ci gaba da kokarin da yake yi na bayar da ingantaccen hanyoyin tallace-tallace na wayar hannu, AdGully ya amince da Trackier a matsayin 'Mafi Kyawun Maganin Bayar da wayar hannu' a cikin 2021. Daga baya a cikin 2024, kamfanin ya lashe kyautar 'Client Satisfaction of the Year Award' ta Affpapa. == Rubuce-rubuce == {{Reflist}} == Hanyar haɗi ta waje == * [https://trackier.com Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] oh2dkhheilevbdps30w3cgpzy86f5pu 551858 551679 2024-12-04T19:31:37Z Nnamadee 31123 551858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Trackier|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=<!-- if applicable -->|death_place=<!-- if applicable -->|nationality=|citizenship=|other_names=|occupation=|years_active=2016 - present|known_for=SaaS Marketing Technology|notable_works=|awards=|website=https://trackier.com/|alma_mater=SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai|spouse=<!-- if applicable -->|children=<!-- if applicable -->|parents=<!-- if applicable -->|relatives=<!-- if applicable -->|residence=|module=}}'''Trackier''' sanannen farawa ne na bootstrap wanda ke a Indiya, wanda aka san shi da bin diddigin sa na sama da hanyoyin gudanar da haɗin gwiwa. An kafa shi a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, 2016, Trackier yana da niyyar zama babban suna a cikin masana'antar Software a matsayin Sabis (SaaS).<ref>https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/future-proof-your-marketing-5-trends-observed-by-trackier-to-dominate-2024/</ref> == Kayan aiki da Ayyuka == Trackier yana ba da samfuran SaaS masu biyan kuɗi waɗanda aka tsara don masu tallace-tallace da alamomi don ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa, ingantawa da haɓaka kuɗaɗen shiga na tallace-kallace ta hanyar samar da amintaccen bayanan halayen, ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci game da kamfen ɗin tallace-tafi da cikakkiyar garkuwar kariya ta zamba don kare kasafin kuɗin su. Hadayarsu ta haɗa da: ''"'Performance Marketing Software:"''' Kayan aiki na biyan kuɗi don masu talla da alamomi don sarrafawa, biye, da inganta tallan aiki da kamfen ɗin tallan abokin tarayya.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/trackier-gets-2023-24-great-place-to-work-certification-123111000773_1.html</ref> ''"'Affiliate Marketing Platform for iGaming:"''' Wani dandamali na musamman na tallace-tallace na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke kula da bukatun masu aiki da iGaming da alamomi don bin diddigin kamfen ɗin haɗin gwiwa, bin diddigirin aiki, gudanar da kwamitoci, sarrafa lissafin kuɗi, da kuma hana zamba.<ref>https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/mobile-marketing-summit-2021-good-ethics-is-a-key-for-long-term-relationships-udit-verma-trackier/85426708</ref><ref>https://www.agencyreporter.com/trackier-witnesses-rapid-growth-post-covid/</ref> ''"'Mobile Marketing Platform:"''' Dandalin SaaS don masu mallakar aikace-aikacen hannu da masu siyarwa don fitar da sayen mai amfani da riƙewa akan aikace-aikacinsu ta hannu ta hanyar kamfen ɗin talla. Dandalin ma'auni na wayar hannu (kayan ma'aunin wayar hannu) kuma an sanye shi da haɗin kai mai zurfi, rigakafin zamba, inganta yawan juyawa da fasalulluka na rarraba masu sauraro don masu sayar da wayar hannu don inganta kuɗin talla.<ref>https://www.mid-day.com/amp/brand-media/tech/article/break-down-marketing-data-silos-with-trackier-why-integration-is-the-key-1148</ref> == Manufa == Babban manufar Trackier shine ya sauƙaƙa tallan haɗin gwiwa, mai basira, kuma ya fi dacewa ga kowane alama da mai tallatawa na eCommerce, FinTech, Travel, Service-Based Apps, iGaming, Gaming, Banking, da dai sauransu. == Masu kafa da Babbar Ƙungiya == * Faizan Ayubi (Co-founder & Shugaba): Faizan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Trackier a matsayin jagorar kasuwa a Indiya, yana kama kusan kashi 70% na kasuwar kuma yana samun tushen abokin ciniki sama da 1,500. * Udit Verma (Co-founder & CMO): Udit ya kawo kwarewarsa a tallace-tallace, tallace-tafiye, ci gaban alama, fadada kasuwanci, da gudanar da ayyukan ga ƙungiyar. * Hemant Mann (Co-founder & CTO): Hemant yana kula da ci gaban samfur kuma yana tabbatar da cewa fasahar kamfanin ta dace da burin kasuwancin ta. * Membobin Kungiyar: "'Mukul Kaushik'" (Babban Jami'in Haraji): Mukul yana da alhakin kula da tallace-tallace da ci gaban kasuwanci a Trackier. == Ayyuka == Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, Trackier ya fito ne a matsayin babban dan wasa a masana'antar SaaS, musamman a fannonin bin diddigin da gudanar da alaƙa. Sabbin mafita na kamfanin sun ba da damar samfuran su inganta kamfen ɗin tallace-tallace yadda ya kamata. A sakamakon ci gaba da kokarin da yake yi na bayar da ingantaccen hanyoyin tallace-tallace na wayar hannu, AdGully ya amince da Trackier a matsayin 'Mafi Kyawun Maganin Bayar da wayar hannu' a cikin 2021. Daga baya a cikin 2024, kamfanin ya lashe kyautar 'Client Satisfaction of the Year Award' ta Affpapa. == Rubuce-rubuce == {{Reflist}} == Hanyar haɗi ta waje == * [https://trackier.com Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] 1d9ttnxbbhrx159o56x3cykist5nv3s 551859 551858 2024-12-04T19:32:12Z Nnamadee 31123 551859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Trackier|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=<!-- if applicable -->|death_place=<!-- if applicable -->|nationality=|citizenship=|other_names=|occupation=|years_active=2016 - present|known_for=SaaS Marketing Technology|notable_works=|awards=|website=https://trackier.com/|alma_mater=SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai|spouse=<!-- if applicable -->|children=<!-- if applicable -->|parents=<!-- if applicable -->|relatives=<!-- if applicable -->|residence=|module=}}'''Trackier''' sanannen farawa ne na bootstrap wanda ke a Indiya, wanda aka san shi da bin diddigin sa na sama da hanyoyin gudanar da haɗin gwiwa. An kafa shi a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 2016, Trackier yana da niyyar zama babban suna a cikin masana'antar Software a matsayin Sabis (SaaS).<ref>https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/future-proof-your-marketing-5-trends-observed-by-trackier-to-dominate-2024/</ref> == Kayan aiki da Ayyuka == Trackier yana ba da samfuran SaaS masu biyan kuɗi waɗanda aka tsara don masu tallace-tallace da alamomi don ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa, ingantawa da haɓaka kuɗaɗen shiga na tallace-kallace ta hanyar samar da amintaccen bayanan halayen, ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci game da kamfen ɗin tallace-tafi da cikakkiyar garkuwar kariya ta zamba don kare kasafin kuɗin su. Hadayarsu ta haɗa da: ''"'Performance Marketing Software:"''' Kayan aiki na biyan kuɗi don masu talla da alamomi don sarrafawa, biye, da inganta tallan aiki da kamfen ɗin tallan abokin tarayya.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/trackier-gets-2023-24-great-place-to-work-certification-123111000773_1.html</ref> ''"'Affiliate Marketing Platform for iGaming:"''' Wani dandamali na musamman na tallace-tallace na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke kula da bukatun masu aiki da iGaming da alamomi don bin diddigin kamfen ɗin haɗin gwiwa, bin diddigirin aiki, gudanar da kwamitoci, sarrafa lissafin kuɗi, da kuma hana zamba.<ref>https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/mobile-marketing-summit-2021-good-ethics-is-a-key-for-long-term-relationships-udit-verma-trackier/85426708</ref><ref>https://www.agencyreporter.com/trackier-witnesses-rapid-growth-post-covid/</ref> ''"'Mobile Marketing Platform:"''' Dandalin SaaS don masu mallakar aikace-aikacen hannu da masu siyarwa don fitar da sayen mai amfani da riƙewa akan aikace-aikacinsu ta hannu ta hanyar kamfen ɗin talla. Dandalin ma'auni na wayar hannu (kayan ma'aunin wayar hannu) kuma an sanye shi da haɗin kai mai zurfi, rigakafin zamba, inganta yawan juyawa da fasalulluka na rarraba masu sauraro don masu sayar da wayar hannu don inganta kuɗin talla.<ref>https://www.mid-day.com/amp/brand-media/tech/article/break-down-marketing-data-silos-with-trackier-why-integration-is-the-key-1148</ref> == Manufa == Babban manufar Trackier shine ya sauƙaƙa tallan haɗin gwiwa, mai basira, kuma ya fi dacewa ga kowane alama da mai tallatawa na eCommerce, FinTech, Travel, Service-Based Apps, iGaming, Gaming, Banking, da dai sauransu. == Masu kafa da Babbar Ƙungiya == * Faizan Ayubi (Co-founder & Shugaba): Faizan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Trackier a matsayin jagorar kasuwa a Indiya, yana kama kusan kashi 70% na kasuwar kuma yana samun tushen abokin ciniki sama da 1,500. * Udit Verma (Co-founder & CMO): Udit ya kawo kwarewarsa a tallace-tallace, tallace-tafiye, ci gaban alama, fadada kasuwanci, da gudanar da ayyukan ga ƙungiyar. * Hemant Mann (Co-founder & CTO): Hemant yana kula da ci gaban samfur kuma yana tabbatar da cewa fasahar kamfanin ta dace da burin kasuwancin ta. * Membobin Kungiyar: "'Mukul Kaushik'" (Babban Jami'in Haraji): Mukul yana da alhakin kula da tallace-tallace da ci gaban kasuwanci a Trackier. == Ayyuka == Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, Trackier ya fito ne a matsayin babban dan wasa a masana'antar SaaS, musamman a fannonin bin diddigin da gudanar da alaƙa. Sabbin mafita na kamfanin sun ba da damar samfuran su inganta kamfen ɗin tallace-tallace yadda ya kamata. A sakamakon ci gaba da kokarin da yake yi na bayar da ingantaccen hanyoyin tallace-tallace na wayar hannu, AdGully ya amince da Trackier a matsayin 'Mafi Kyawun Maganin Bayar da wayar hannu' a cikin 2021. Daga baya a cikin 2024, kamfanin ya lashe kyautar 'Client Satisfaction of the Year Award' ta Affpapa. == Rubuce-rubuce == {{Reflist}} == Hanyar haɗi ta waje == * [https://trackier.com Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] srl3k46njj27kh5qemvr4ek78v0zq1x 0 88529 551704 2024-12-04T13:22:47Z Yazeed sada30281 32299 Kirkirar Sabuwar mukala 551704 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Quantity Surveying<nowiki>'''</nowiki>Mai kimanta adadin aiki (Quantity Surveyor) kwararre ne a fannin gini da ke da cikakken ilimi game da kudaden gine-gine da kuma kwangila. Masu cancanta kuma ƙwararrun mai kimanta adadin aiki ana iya kiran su da Chartered Surveyors (Mambobi da Fellows na RICS) a Burtaniya, da Certified Quantity Surveyors (taken da ƙungiyar Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors ke bayarwa) a ƙasar Australia da wasu ƙasashe. A wasu ƙasashe kamar Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, Kenya, da Mauritius, waɗanda suka cancanci aikin mai kimanta adadin aiki ana kiran su da Professional Quantity Surveyors, taken da doka ta kare.<ref>Professional Quantity Surveyor". ''www.ciqs.org''</ref> <ref>"What is a PrQS" (PDF). South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession. Retrieved 16 May 2020.</ref><ref>PQSC – Professional Quantity Surveyors' Council Mauritius". ''PQSC''</ref>Sakamakon sauyi a fannin gine-gine da karuwar buƙatar ƙwarewar masu ƙididdigar kayan gine-gine (Quantity Surveyors), a yau an rage muhimmanci kan samun takardar shaida ta ƙwarewa (Chartership), inda babbar kashi na masu aikin ƙididdigar kayan gine-gine ke aiki da shaidar karatu daga kwaleji ko jami’a ba tare da kasancewa memba ko ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwararru ba.Masu ƙididdigar kayan gine-gine suna da alhakin sarrafa dukkan fannoni na kwangila da ɓangaren kuɗaɗen aikin gine-gine. Suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa aikin gine-gine ya kammala cikin kasafin kuɗi da aka tsara. Haka kuma, ana ɗaukar masu ƙididdigar kayan gine-gine aiki ta wurin 'yan kwangila don taimakawa wajen kimanta aikin gine-gine ga 'yan kwangilar, taimakawa wajen tayin farashi da kasafin kuɗi na aiki, da kuma mika takardar lissafin kuɗaɗen aiki ga mai aikin. <ref>Professional associations== * [[The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors|RICS]] – The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors * AIQS – Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors * IQSSL - Institute of Quantity Surveyors Sri Lanka * ASAQS – Association of South African Quantity Surveyors * BSIJ – Building Surveyors Institute of Japan * [[Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors|CICES]] - Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors * CIQS – Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors * CCEA - China Cost Engineering Association * GHIS - Ghana Institute of Surveyors * HKIS – Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors * IIQS – Indian Institute of Quantity Surveyors * IQSI – Ikatan Quantity Surveyor Indonesia * IQSK – Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya * JIQS – Jamaican Institute of Quantity Surveyors * NIQS – Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors * NZIQS – New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors * PICQS – Philippine Institute of Certified Quantity Surveyors * RISM – The Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia * SISV – Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers * SCSI – Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland * SACQSP – South African Council for Quantity Surveying Profession * QSI - Quantity Surveyor International * UNTEC - Union nationale des Économistes de la construction (France)</ref> rjirr0b9iifiiu1jjt9nffkfgkj7p1h 0 88530 551746 2024-12-04T14:36:58Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259444110|Yolanda Botha]]" 551746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. <ref name=":0" /> Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] 8c4bhcula5snw18ryn0db2m9c2z84f4 551747 551746 2024-12-04T14:37:29Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. <ref name=":0" /> Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] submas1tk6pbia338pxtj27kje0fujf 551750 551747 2024-12-04T14:38:53Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwa da aiki */ 551750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref> name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] at65ptdchla1toz67cvg2nc6zwmpsek 551752 551750 2024-12-04T14:40:12Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 */ 551752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref> name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] f44chq9g3dfix02y83if0p3r2ze70kq 551754 551752 2024-12-04T14:41:13Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 */ 551754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref> name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] 21rp38gtvq59dfkdfr6ic88b0aenmx7 551757 551754 2024-12-04T14:42:38Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 */ 551757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref> name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref> name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. <ref name=":4" /> == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] 1h586ydiudyzv2w20youyeks5ss3bbe 551758 551757 2024-12-04T14:43:27Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 */ 551758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yolanda Rachel Botha''' (ta rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 2014) yar siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin kasar daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Disamba 2014. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardi na reshen Arewacin Cape na ANC daga watan Yunin 2008 har zuwa rasuwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, Botha - tare da John Block da Alvin Botes - suna fuskantar tuhume-tuhume kan alakar ta da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Trifecta Investment Holdings. Kafin zabenta ga majalisar dokoki, daga 2001 zuwa 2009, Botha ta kasance shugabar Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ya ba da kwangiloli masu yawa ga Trifecta. A cikin 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun tsawatar da Botha saboda ta kasa bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta; kuma, a shekarar 2013, hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta tuhume ta da laifin zamba da karkatar da kudade, bisa zarginta da karbar cin hanci da rashawa daga kamfanin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Botha ya yi karatu a Upington a tsohuwar lardin Cape a 1964. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], wanda aka kammala a 1988. Tsakanin 2001 da 2009, Botha ya kasance shugaban Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a Gwamnatin Lardin Cape ta Arewa . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kasance mamba a jam'iyyar ANC mai mulki, kuma a watan Agustan 2008, a wani taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar lardi a Moshaweng, an zabe ta Ma'ajin Lardi na ANC reshen Arewacin Cape, tana aiki a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Lardi John Block . <ref> name=":60">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=N Cape ANC leader re-elected |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/n-cape-anc-leader-re-elected-20080829 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Botha ya tsaya takara a babban zaben shekara ta 2009 kuma ya samu nasarar zama dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin kasar, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Fayil na Majalisar kan Ci gaban Jama'a . <ref name=":1" /> An sake zaben Botha a matsayin Ma'ajin Lardin ANC, ba tare da hamayya ba, a cikin Yuni 2012. '''<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |last=African National Congress |date=8 June 2012 |title=Statement: John Block re-elected ANC NCape chairperson |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/john-block-reelected-anc-ncape-chairperson |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>''' An kuma sake zabe ta a karo na biyu a kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki a babban zaben shekarar 2014, inda ta zo ta biyar a jerin jam'iyyar ANC na larduna zuwa kasa na jam'iyyar ta Northern Cape. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yolanda Rachel Botha |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/yolanda-rachel-botha/ "Yolanda Rachel Botha"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka bayar na Trifecta Holdings == === Binciken da'a na majalisa: 2011 === Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin wa'adin majalisa, an tuhumi Botha da rashin da'a a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Majalisar kan Da'a da Bukatun Membobi. Binciken ya samo asali ne daga rahoton binciken da ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' ya bayar wanda ya yi ikirarin gano cewa Botha ya sami koma baya daga Trifecta Investment Holdings, wani kamfani wanda ya sanya hannu kan hayar kadarori na sama da [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R]] 50-million tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a na Arewacin Cape. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kammala yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin da Botha ke shugabantar sashe, kuma ''Mail & Guardian'' sun yi zargin cewa Trifecta ta bai wa Botha hannun jarin 10% na kamfanin kuma ta biya don gyara gidanta a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Botha ta musanta cewa dangantakarta da Trifecta ta lalace ko kuma ba ta dace ba. Ta ce, hannun jarin kamfanin ya kasance ga 'yan uwanta, kuma gyaran gidan ya kasance tare da lamuni wanda za ta biya ga Trifecta. <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2011, Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa kan Da'a da Sha'awar Membobi sun sami Botha da laifin keta dokokin majalisar saboda rashin bayyana fa'idodin da ta samu daga Trifecta. An kuma same ta da laifin "da gangan yaudarar majalisa" game da girman lamunin da ta samu daga Trifecta - ta ce a karkashin rantsuwar cewa ya kai R500,000, yayin da a gaskiya kudin gyara ya wuce R1.2 miliyan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=ANC MP lied about kickbacks |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-mp-lied-about-kickbacks-20110825 "ANC MP lied about kickbacks"]. ''News24''. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2011 |title=Parliament’s ethics committee eviscerates top ANC MP |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-25-parliaments-ethics-committee-eviscerates-top-anc-mp/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yanke mata hukuncin mafi girman hukunci: tsawatawa da tarar albashin kwanaki 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2011 |title=ANC MP guilty of lying about interests |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-26-anc-mp-guilty-of-lying-about-interests/ "ANC MP guilty of lying about interests"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Laifin laifuka: 2013-2014 === A cikin 2013, Botha an gurfanar da shi a kan tuhumar aikata laifuka dangane da kickbacks da ake zargin an samu daga Trifecta. Wadanda ake tuhumar ta sun hada da wasu 'yan siyasa biyu na Arewacin Cape, John Block da Alvin Botes, da kuma wasu jami'an Arewacin Cape. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Waal |first=Mandy |date=2013-03-27 |title=Is John’s head finally on the Block? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-28-is-johns-head-finally-on-the-block/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar shigar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an ba Botha, Block, da Botes koma baya domin karfafa gwiwar gwamnatin lardin da ta kulla yarjejeniya da Trifecta a kan tsadar kayayyaki. <ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=John Block gets 15-year jail term for money laundering, corruption |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-12-06-john-block-gets-15-year-jail-term-for-money-laundering-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Dukkansu dai sun musanta zargin da ake yi musu na zamba, almundahana da kuma karkatar da kudade . <ref> name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da shari'ar a lokacin da Botha ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2014, amma daga baya an sami Block da laifin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma karkatar da kudade, kamar yadda tsohon babban jami'in Trifecta, Christo Scholtz; '''<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2015 |title=ANC's John Block resigns following corruption conviction |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ancs-john-block-resigns-following-corruption-conviction-20151016 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>''' An wanke Botes. == Mutuwa da dukiya == A watan Nuwambar 2014, likitan Botha ta gaya wa babbar kotun arewacin Cape cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=ANC official Yolanda Botha dies |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-12-29-anc-official-yolanda-botha-dies/ "ANC official Yolanda Botha dies"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> An gano ta da cutar melanoma mai tsauri, wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwarta, kuma ta mutu a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2014 a wani asibiti a Kimberley . <ref name=":5" /> Bayan mutuwar Botha, danginta sun shiga takaddama mai tsawo da jihar kan kudaden da aka samu daga kadarorin ta, wanda hukumar gabatar da kara ta kasa ta yi zargin cewa an samu kudaden haramun ne ta fuskar dokar hana shirya laifuka . A cikin 2016, Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Cape ta ba da umarnin cewa dangin Botha su yi asarar gidanta da kason Trifecta da aka ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=NPA haunts Yolanda Botha, the late ANC MP over corruption |url=https://germistoncitynews.co.za/lnn/731488/npa-haunts-yolanda-botha-late-anc-mp-corruption/ |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Germiston City News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan jerin kararraki, an saurari takaddamar a Kotun Tsarin Mulki, wanda a cikin Maris 2020 ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan jihar, inda ya yanke hukuncin cewa kadarorin ya rasa cikakkiyar darajar gyare-gyaren da Trifecta ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=31 March 2020 |title=ConCourt orders corruption proceeds be paid back from deceased former ANC official's estate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/concourt-orders-corruption-proceeds-be-paid-back-from-deceased-former-anc-officials-estate-20200331 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] kepuvsq6jz8hrtiazea5ggiammp94c3 0 88531 551759 2024-12-04T14:48:57Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259441748|Collins Chabane]]" 551759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ohm Collins Chabane''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 Afrilu 1960 - 15 Maris 2015) ya kasance Ministan sabis na Jama'a da Gudanarwa na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 17, ya tafi gudun hijira ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) reshen soja na karkashin kasa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK). Chabane ya kuma tafi [[Angola]] don horar da sojoji a 1980, kuma ya fara aiki a karkashin kasa a shekarar 1981. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chabane ne a Kauyen Xikundu, wanda a lokacin yake gundumar Transvaal ta Arewa (yanzu lardin Limpopo ) na lardin Transvaal . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Shingwedzi kuma bayan kammala karatun sakandare ya yi rajista don yin BSc a Jami'ar Turfloop, amma shekara guda yana da shekaru 17 ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a karkashin kasa. Rundunar ‘yan sandan tsaro ta kama Chabane a shekarar 1984, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru shida a gidan yari bisa zargin [[Ta'addanci|ta’addanci]] . An daure shi a lokaci guda da Tokyo Sexwale, Kgalema Motlanthe, Mosiuoa Lekota da Popo Molefe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ohm Collins Chabane - South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ohm-collins-chabane |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> A lokacin da yake gidan yari ya sami Diploma a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki daga Technikon South Africa, sannan ya karanci harkar sufurin jiragen sama. Chabane ya kuma yi Diploma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Arusha a Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323144100/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-15}}</ref> == Dan siyasa == Bayan da aka sake shi daga gidan yari, an zabe Chabane a matsayin dan majalisa a shekara ta 1994, inda ya yi aiki a kwamitocin harkokin tsarin mulki, tsaro da leken asiri. A cikin 1997, an nada shi MEC na Limpopo, a cikin ministocin Firayim Minista Ngoako Ramatlhodi . A shekarar 1998, ya koma aikin jama'a, inda aka ba shi tabbacin kafa hukumar kula da tituna ta lardin. A wa'adin farko na shugabancin [[Jacob Zuma]] an nada shi minista a fadar shugaban kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319053452/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-17}}</ref> Ya kuma shirya jana'izar [[Nelson Mandela]] a watan Disambar 2013. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Chabane kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awar kiɗa (yayin da yake kurkuku), ya jagoranci ƙungiyar marimba kuma ya yi rikodin CD guda biyu. == Mutuwa == A cikin sa'o'i na 15 Maris 2015, Chabane ya mutu, yana da shekaru 55, a cikin wani hatsarin mota lokacin da wata babbar mota ta yi juyi a gaban motar Chabane akan N1 kusa da Polokwane, bayan halartar jana'izar Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo, na uku Babban ministan kasar Gazankulu . <ref name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSapa">Sapa. [http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash "Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident"]. ''The M&G Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009122600/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=News24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] ichhn8y0e2krpelaf4sr225n8lrrgkm 551760 551759 2024-12-04T14:49:23Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ohm Collins Chabane''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 Afrilu 1960 - 15 Maris 2015) ya kasance Ministan sabis na Jama'a da Gudanarwa na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 17, ya tafi gudun hijira ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) reshen soja na karkashin kasa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK). Chabane ya kuma tafi [[Angola]] don horar da sojoji a 1980, kuma ya fara aiki a karkashin kasa a shekarar 1981. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chabane ne a Kauyen Xikundu, wanda a lokacin yake gundumar Transvaal ta Arewa (yanzu lardin Limpopo ) na lardin Transvaal . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Shingwedzi kuma bayan kammala karatun sakandare ya yi rajista don yin BSc a Jami'ar Turfloop, amma shekara guda yana da shekaru 17 ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a karkashin kasa. Rundunar ‘yan sandan tsaro ta kama Chabane a shekarar 1984, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru shida a gidan yari bisa zargin [[Ta'addanci|ta’addanci]] . An daure shi a lokaci guda da Tokyo Sexwale, Kgalema Motlanthe, Mosiuoa Lekota da Popo Molefe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ohm Collins Chabane - South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ohm-collins-chabane |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> A lokacin da yake gidan yari ya sami Diploma a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki daga Technikon South Africa, sannan ya karanci harkar sufurin jiragen sama. Chabane ya kuma yi Diploma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Arusha a Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323144100/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-15}}</ref> == Dan siyasa == Bayan da aka sake shi daga gidan yari, an zabe Chabane a matsayin dan majalisa a shekara ta 1994, inda ya yi aiki a kwamitocin harkokin tsarin mulki, tsaro da leken asiri. A cikin 1997, an nada shi MEC na Limpopo, a cikin ministocin Firayim Minista Ngoako Ramatlhodi . A shekarar 1998, ya koma aikin jama'a, inda aka ba shi tabbacin kafa hukumar kula da tituna ta lardin. A wa'adin farko na shugabancin [[Jacob Zuma]] an nada shi minista a fadar shugaban kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319053452/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-17}}</ref> Ya kuma shirya jana'izar [[Nelson Mandela]] a watan Disambar 2013. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Chabane kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awar kiɗa (yayin da yake kurkuku), ya jagoranci ƙungiyar marimba kuma ya yi rikodin CD guda biyu. == Mutuwa == A cikin sa'o'i na 15 Maris 2015, Chabane ya mutu, yana da shekaru 55, a cikin wani hatsarin mota lokacin da wata babbar mota ta yi juyi a gaban motar Chabane akan N1 kusa da Polokwane, bayan halartar jana'izar Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo, na uku Babban ministan kasar Gazankulu . <ref name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSapa">Sapa. [http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash "Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident"]. ''The M&G Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009122600/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=News24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] ravx0ynw6nstsgbwsnoa7b4clqemj1o 551761 551760 2024-12-04T14:49:42Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ohm Collins Chabane''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 Afrilu 1960 - 15 Maris 2015) ya kasance Ministan sabis na Jama'a da Gudanarwa na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref> name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 17, ya tafi gudun hijira ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) reshen soja na karkashin kasa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK). Chabane ya kuma tafi [[Angola]] don horar da sojoji a 1980, kuma ya fara aiki a karkashin kasa a shekarar 1981. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chabane ne a Kauyen Xikundu, wanda a lokacin yake gundumar Transvaal ta Arewa (yanzu lardin Limpopo ) na lardin Transvaal . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Shingwedzi kuma bayan kammala karatun sakandare ya yi rajista don yin BSc a Jami'ar Turfloop, amma shekara guda yana da shekaru 17 ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a karkashin kasa. Rundunar ‘yan sandan tsaro ta kama Chabane a shekarar 1984, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru shida a gidan yari bisa zargin [[Ta'addanci|ta’addanci]] . An daure shi a lokaci guda da Tokyo Sexwale, Kgalema Motlanthe, Mosiuoa Lekota da Popo Molefe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ohm Collins Chabane - South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ohm-collins-chabane |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> A lokacin da yake gidan yari ya sami Diploma a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki daga Technikon South Africa, sannan ya karanci harkar sufurin jiragen sama. Chabane ya kuma yi Diploma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Arusha a Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323144100/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=74 |archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-15}}</ref> == Dan siyasa == Bayan da aka sake shi daga gidan yari, an zabe Chabane a matsayin dan majalisa a shekara ta 1994, inda ya yi aiki a kwamitocin harkokin tsarin mulki, tsaro da leken asiri. A cikin 1997, an nada shi MEC na Limpopo, a cikin ministocin Firayim Minista Ngoako Ramatlhodi . A shekarar 1998, ya koma aikin jama'a, inda aka ba shi tabbacin kafa hukumar kula da tituna ta lardin. A wa'adin farko na shugabancin [[Jacob Zuma]] an nada shi minista a fadar shugaban kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Presidency &#124; Minister Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319053452/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=19234 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |access-date=2015-03-17}}</ref> Ya kuma shirya jana'izar [[Nelson Mandela]] a watan Disambar 2013. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Chabane kuma ya ci gaba da sha'awar kiɗa (yayin da yake kurkuku), ya jagoranci ƙungiyar marimba kuma ya yi rikodin CD guda biyu. == Mutuwa == A cikin sa'o'i na 15 Maris 2015, Chabane ya mutu, yana da shekaru 55, a cikin wani hatsarin mota lokacin da wata babbar mota ta yi juyi a gaban motar Chabane akan N1 kusa da Polokwane, bayan halartar jana'izar Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo, na uku Babban ministan kasar Gazankulu . <ref name="sapa">{{Cite web |last=Sapa |title=Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=The M&G Online}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSapa">Sapa. [http://mg.co.za/article/2015-03-15-minister-collins-chabane-killed-in-car-crash "Minister Collins Chabane killed in Limpopo car accident"]. ''The M&G Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collins Chabane dies in car crash |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009122600/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Collins-Chabane-dies-in-car-crash-20150315 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=News24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 46dmcl2o2rkoak21q65himm1e9725hx 0 88532 551762 2024-12-04T15:16:52Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259441871|Kenneth Mubu]]" 551762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. nazarta a [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eykgtqu55ogvz28n8y99nh0nsowpial 551763 551762 2024-12-04T15:17:46Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. nazarta a [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3dp50afxx5wa5uj56jifotule9c5wf7 551764 551763 2024-12-04T15:25:31Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lzxo3nkyrhsprf00re5xtb10u9qujd1 551765 551764 2024-12-04T15:26:04Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ff7xyf6wffi1kphw48h7etpyx8fejkd 551766 551765 2024-12-04T15:26:29Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Bayanan Ilimi */ 551766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q4z50vpa4eiblvxyup1cm6z6o8jvipl 551768 551766 2024-12-04T15:27:44Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Farkon aiki */ 551768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dmw8ni19y8y63laj78sdbezmsgc101o 551770 551768 2024-12-04T15:28:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Dan majalisa */ 551770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Mubu''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai mai jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, kuma ministan ayyuka na jama'a . <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> == Bayanan Ilimi == Mubu ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Zambia|Jami'ar Zambiya]], tare da Bachelor of Arts in Education, babba a Turanci da Geography. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a fannin aikin jarida/Hukumar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Jihar Ball da ke Muncie, Indiana, Amurka da Difloma ta Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Leicester ta Burtaniya da kuma takardar shaidar kula da hulda da jama'a daga Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Kudancin Amurka. Afirka. <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Farkon aiki == A farkon aikinsa, Kenneth ya koyar da aikin jarida da hulda da jama'a a Evelyn Home College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, kafin ya shiga Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Kitwe, Zambia, a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a. Daga baya ya wuce zuwa Botswana Christian Council (BCC), Gaborone, a matsayin jami'in sadarwa, inda yake da alhakin duk ayyukan sadarwa na BCC. A cikin 1990, ya koma Geneva, Switzerland, yana aiki a matsayin Editan Sabis na Jarida na Ecumenical, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya, yana tattarawa da rarraba labarai ga hukumomi, wallafe-wallafe da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a duniya. Bayan ya yi nasarar zama a WCC, Mubu ya shiga Majalisar Majami’un Diakonia da ke Durban, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kodinetan Watsa Labarai da Yada Labarai. Mubu ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan masu kada kuri'a a zabukan dimokradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, tare da sanar da al'ummomin 'yancinsu na zabe. A cikin 1995, an nada Mubu a matsayin Jami'in Hulda da Kasa da Kasa a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], a Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu inda ya gudanar da dukkan shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da musayar dalibai tsakanin Jami'ar da sauran cibiyoyi. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Gidauniyar Turfloop a [[Jami'ar Limpopo|Jami'ar Arewa]], yana tattara kudade da albarkatu don shirye-shiryen ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Gidauniyar ta fahimci kammala EDUPARK, aikin cibiyoyi da yawa a wajen Polokwane. A cikin 1999, Mubu an nada shi Manaja mai kula da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Technikon Southern Africa]] (TSA) a Johannesburg, daga baya aka kara masa mukamin shugaban hadin gwiwa kafin zabe a matsayin mataimakin darakta na Afirka a 2006 kuma daga karshe Daraktan hulda da Afirka a 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, an cimma wasu muhimman ayyuka a nahiyar Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne shirin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Gina Cibiyoyi na Kudancin Sudan, aikin da aka tsara don horar da jami'an gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu sana'o'i daban-daban. A karshen 2008, sama da jami'ai 1500 ne suka sami horon. <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Dan majalisa == A matsayinsa na ministan hulda da kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, ya karfafa matsayinsu na 'yan adawa a hukumance ga jam'iyyar ANC a cikin tsayuwar daka da ya yi kan al'amurran da suka shafi huldar kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan kan masu mulkin kama-karya irin su Robert Mugabe, <ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> Ya kasance shugaban mazabar DA na Mamelodi daga 2009-2014. Bayan da aka bayyana sakamakon babban zaben Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2014, 'yan jam'iyyar DA a Hammanskraal sun bukaci da a bai wa dan majalisar Kenneth Mubu ya zama shugaban mazabarsu. Kenneth cikin alheri ya ɗauki aikin. Rasuwar tasa ta zo da matukar kaduwa ga al'ummar Hammanskraal da kuma Kansila na DA Michael Shackleton, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar DA ta Hammanskraal, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban riko na mazabar har sai da aka nada sabon shugaba a mazabar. An zabi dan majalisar Bronwyn Engelbrecht a matsayin sabon shugaban mazabar DA na Hammanskraal daga ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2015.<ref> name="dapage">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Mubu |url=http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 |archive-date=2011-09-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110922083713/http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 "Kenneth Mubu"]. Archived from [http://www.da.org.za/our_people.htm?action=view-page&category=members-of-parliament&person=6714 the original] on 22 September 2011.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cbunzrnjkbgqkqyuh8cjpru6yo9vcm8 0 88533 551791 2024-12-04T16:00:17Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259437665|Bonisile Nesi]]" 551791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonisile Alfred Nesi''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 Satumba 1965 - 2 Oktoba 2016) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka, an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a 2004. An zabe shi a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa a matsayin wakilin dindindin daga Gabashin Cape a shekarar 2009. Daga shekarar 2014 ya kasance memba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nesi a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1965 zuwa Mfondini Twani da Tandiwe Teyisi a Fountain Bakwai a Grahamstown a Lardin Cape da ta gabata. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Archie Mbolekwa da karamar sakandare ta Ntsika kafin ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Nyaluza. Bai kammala karatunsa a Nyaluza ba. A lokacin da yake kurkuku a ƙarshen 1980s, ya kammala matric . Ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a shekara ta 1995 tare da digiri na digiri na Social Sciences . Daga baya ya sami difloma a fannin sarrafa dabaru a [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . == Sana'ar siyasa == An dauki Nesi aiki daga tsarin karkashin kasa na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka a 1982. Ba da da ewa ba ya kafa reshe na Congress of African Students . A cikin 1983, ya shiga cikin ƙaddamar da reshen yankin Albany na United Democratic Front kuma ya zama wakilin ɗalibai a kwamitin zartarwa na yanki na reshe. An kama Nesi a shekarar 1987 saboda hannu a ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma an tsare shi a gidan yarin St Albins da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] na tsawon shekaru uku. <ref name="insession" /> An zabi Nesi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 2004 kan tikitin jam'iyyar ANC. Ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da yawa a lokacin da yake majalisar dokokin lardin. Bayan babban zaɓe na shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi Nesi a matsayin wakilin dindindin na Gabashin Cape zuwa Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa. [1] Ya kasance memba a kwamitin zaɓe kan koke da shawarwari na mambobi, kwamitin zaɓe kan tsaro da bunƙasa tsarin mulki da kuma kwamitin zaɓen kan harkokin mulki na haɗin gwiwa da al'adun gargajiya. Nesi ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a babban zaben 2014 a matsayin na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC kuma an zabe shi kuma aka rantsar dashi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada shi don yin aiki a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil na Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji a cikin Yuni 2014. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Nesi mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin (REC) na yankin Sarah Baartman na ANC. A baya ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban yanki sannan kuma ya rike mukaman jagoranci a kungiyar matasan jam'iyyar African National Congress Youth League . == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Nesi yana da mata Thobeka da ’ya’ya uku. Sun zauna a Grahamstown. Nesi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 01ae2fi4ibig6cd7u2uwvtxzkj6hewl 551792 551791 2024-12-04T16:01:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bonisile Alfred Nesi''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 Satumba 1965 - 2 Oktoba 2016) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka, an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a 2004. An zabe shi a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa a matsayin wakilin dindindin daga Gabashin Cape a shekarar 2009. Daga shekarar 2014 ya kasance memba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nesi a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1965 zuwa Mfondini Twani da Tandiwe Teyisi a Fountain Bakwai a Grahamstown a Lardin Cape da ta gabata. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Archie Mbolekwa da karamar sakandare ta Ntsika kafin ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Nyaluza. Bai kammala karatunsa a Nyaluza ba. A lokacin da yake kurkuku a ƙarshen 1980s, ya kammala matric . Ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a shekara ta 1995 tare da digiri na digiri na Social Sciences . Daga baya ya sami difloma a fannin sarrafa dabaru a [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . == Sana'ar siyasa == An dauki Nesi aiki daga tsarin karkashin kasa na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka a 1982. Ba da da ewa ba ya kafa reshe na Congress of African Students . A cikin 1983, ya shiga cikin ƙaddamar da reshen yankin Albany na United Democratic Front kuma ya zama wakilin ɗalibai a kwamitin zartarwa na yanki na reshe. An kama Nesi a shekarar 1987 saboda hannu a ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma an tsare shi a gidan yarin St Albins da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] na tsawon shekaru uku. <ref name="insession" /> An zabi Nesi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 2004 kan tikitin jam'iyyar ANC. Ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da yawa a lokacin da yake majalisar dokokin lardin. Bayan babban zaɓe na shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi Nesi a matsayin wakilin dindindin na Gabashin Cape zuwa Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa. [1] Ya kasance memba a kwamitin zaɓe kan koke da shawarwari na mambobi, kwamitin zaɓe kan tsaro da bunƙasa tsarin mulki da kuma kwamitin zaɓen kan harkokin mulki na haɗin gwiwa da al'adun gargajiya. Nesi ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a babban zaben 2014 a matsayin na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC kuma an zabe shi kuma aka rantsar dashi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada shi don yin aiki a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil na Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji a cikin Yuni 2014. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Nesi mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin (REC) na yankin Sarah Baartman na ANC. A baya ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban yanki sannan kuma ya rike mukaman jagoranci a kungiyar matasan jam'iyyar African National Congress Youth League . == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Nesi yana da mata Thobeka da ’ya’ya uku. Sun zauna a Grahamstown. Nesi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 8xwt98vi8zrwmvdork1m41aemtm5r3m 551793 551792 2024-12-04T16:02:06Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Sana'ar siyasa */ 551793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bonisile Alfred Nesi''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 Satumba 1965 - 2 Oktoba 2016) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka, an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a 2004. An zabe shi a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa a matsayin wakilin dindindin daga Gabashin Cape a shekarar 2009. Daga shekarar 2014 ya kasance memba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nesi a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1965 zuwa Mfondini Twani da Tandiwe Teyisi a Fountain Bakwai a Grahamstown a Lardin Cape da ta gabata. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Archie Mbolekwa da karamar sakandare ta Ntsika kafin ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Nyaluza. Bai kammala karatunsa a Nyaluza ba. A lokacin da yake kurkuku a ƙarshen 1980s, ya kammala matric . Ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a shekara ta 1995 tare da digiri na digiri na Social Sciences . Daga baya ya sami difloma a fannin sarrafa dabaru a [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . == Sana'ar siyasa == An dauki Nesi aiki daga tsarin karkashin kasa na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka a 1982. Ba da da ewa ba ya kafa reshe na Congress of African Students . A cikin 1983, ya shiga cikin ƙaddamar da reshen yankin Albany na United Democratic Front kuma ya zama wakilin ɗalibai a kwamitin zartarwa na yanki na reshe. An kama Nesi a shekarar 1987 saboda hannu a ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma an tsare shi a gidan yarin St Albins da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] na tsawon shekaru uku. An zabi Nesi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 2004 kan tikitin jam'iyyar ANC. Ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da yawa a lokacin da yake majalisar dokokin lardin. Bayan babban zaɓe na shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi Nesi a matsayin wakilin dindindin na Gabashin Cape zuwa Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa. [1] Ya kasance memba a kwamitin zaɓe kan koke da shawarwari na mambobi, kwamitin zaɓe kan tsaro da bunƙasa tsarin mulki da kuma kwamitin zaɓen kan harkokin mulki na haɗin gwiwa da al'adun gargajiya. Nesi ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a babban zaben 2014 a matsayin na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC kuma an zabe shi kuma aka rantsar dashi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada shi don yin aiki a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil na Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji a cikin Yuni 2014. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Nesi mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin (REC) na yankin Sarah Baartman na ANC. A baya ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban yanki sannan kuma ya rike mukaman jagoranci a kungiyar matasan jam'iyyar African National Congress Youth League . == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Nesi yana da mata Thobeka da ’ya’ya uku. Sun zauna a Grahamstown. Nesi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 9728uu2b5fx4m2ty12p12yms672ks07 551794 551793 2024-12-04T16:02:57Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bonisile Alfred Nesi''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 Satumba 1965 - 2 Oktoba 2016) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka, an zabe shi memba na majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a 2004. An zabe shi a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa a matsayin wakilin dindindin daga Gabashin Cape a shekarar 2009. Daga shekarar 2014 ya kasance memba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu .<ref>name="insession">{{cite magazine |date=September 2016 |title=InSession |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/storage/app/media/Publications/InSession/2016-09/final.pdf |magazine=InSession |location=Cape Town |publisher=Parliament of South Africa |volume=16 |issue=9 |page=23 |issn=2227-3778 |access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nesi a ranar 20 ga Satumba 1965 zuwa Mfondini Twani da Tandiwe Teyisi a Fountain Bakwai a Grahamstown a Lardin Cape da ta gabata. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Archie Mbolekwa da karamar sakandare ta Ntsika kafin ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Nyaluza. Bai kammala karatunsa a Nyaluza ba. A lokacin da yake kurkuku a ƙarshen 1980s, ya kammala matric . Ya sauke karatu daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a shekara ta 1995 tare da digiri na digiri na Social Sciences . Daga baya ya sami difloma a fannin sarrafa dabaru a [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . == Sana'ar siyasa == An dauki Nesi aiki daga tsarin karkashin kasa na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka a 1982. Ba da da ewa ba ya kafa reshe na Congress of African Students . A cikin 1983, ya shiga cikin ƙaddamar da reshen yankin Albany na United Democratic Front kuma ya zama wakilin ɗalibai a kwamitin zartarwa na yanki na reshe. An kama Nesi a shekarar 1987 saboda hannu a ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma an tsare shi a gidan yarin St Albins da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] na tsawon shekaru uku. An zabi Nesi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin lardin Eastern Cape a babban zaben shekara ta 2004 kan tikitin jam'iyyar ANC. Ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da yawa a lokacin da yake majalisar dokokin lardin. Bayan babban zaɓe na shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi Nesi a matsayin wakilin dindindin na Gabashin Cape zuwa Majalisar Larduna ta ƙasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa. [1] Ya kasance memba a kwamitin zaɓe kan koke da shawarwari na mambobi, kwamitin zaɓe kan tsaro da bunƙasa tsarin mulki da kuma kwamitin zaɓen kan harkokin mulki na haɗin gwiwa da al'adun gargajiya. Nesi ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a babban zaben 2014 a matsayin na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC kuma an zabe shi kuma aka rantsar dashi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada shi don yin aiki a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil na Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji a cikin Yuni 2014. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Nesi mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin (REC) na yankin Sarah Baartman na ANC. A baya ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban yanki sannan kuma ya rike mukaman jagoranci a kungiyar matasan jam'iyyar African National Congress Youth League . == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Nesi yana da mata Thobeka da ’ya’ya uku. Sun zauna a Grahamstown. Nesi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 78d0169j421fcytwkfkbp25u12nwnzy 0 88534 551795 2024-12-04T16:15:03Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259441736|Trevor Bonhomme]]" 551795 wikitext text/x-wiki Trevor John Bonhomme (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 2cylzv0grzk9w49shmvzx5fjo0vezq4 551796 551795 2024-12-04T16:15:39Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Trevor John Bonhomme (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ml2efimdirvgk1yio098cbkcfybypbb 551797 551796 2024-12-04T16:16:10Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Trevor John Bonhomme''' (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ra1m2ny66n7uh29niliksdyvohahmo6 551798 551797 2024-12-04T16:17:16Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya */ 551798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Trevor John Bonhomme''' (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 7rupps137gj29vgt0f72qfp7turazug 551799 551798 2024-12-04T16:17:54Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya */ 551799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Trevor John Bonhomme''' (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] bhmsiopc4diy7ux36wpcys1vluifewr 551800 551799 2024-12-04T16:19:32Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya */ 551800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Trevor John Bonhomme''' (Janairu 1942 - 29 Yuli 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga 2005 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017, sai dai ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci daga 2010 zuwa 2011. A lokacin wariyar launin fata, ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya al'umma a Newlands East a tsohuwar lardin Natal . == Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya == An haifi Bonhomme ga Virgil da Patricia Bonhomme a watan Janairun 1942 a unguwar da ke da alaka da kabilanci ta Overport, dake [[Durban]] a tsohuwar lardin Natal . Iyalinsa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ne kuma shi ne ɗan fari na huɗu ga ’yan’uwa goma sha ɗaya. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Umbilo a Durban, ya fara aiki, tare da ɗan'uwansa Virgil, a kamfanin kayan kwalliya na Grafton-Everest. Bayan da shi da Virgil suka yi nasarar samun karin albashi a kamfaninsu, sun shiga [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwadago]] kuma suka taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar Kasuwancin Furniture a karshen shekarun 1960. <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun 1960, an cire danginsa da karfi daga gidansu na Overport a karkashin Dokar Yankunan Rukunin Zamani na wariyar launin fata, wanda ya kara karfafa sha'awar Bonhomme game da gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata . <ref name=":2" /> A farkon 1970s, Bonhomme ya koma Newlands Gabas, inda ya shiga cikin tsarin al'umma ta hanyar ƙungiyar mazauna gida, Kwamitin Ayyukan Gidajen Durban, da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ya yi kwarkwasa da jam'iyyar Labour, amma ya sha bambam sosai da matsayinta kan sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1983 : ya yi kamfe mai karfi na kauracewa majalisar dokokin Tricameral a lokacin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta gabatar da tsarin. Ya koma United Democratic Front maimakon haka, tare da dan uwansa, ya yi aikin karkashin kasa na jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). A cikin 1989, an tsare shi tsawon watanni shida a kurkukun Modderbee a [[Johannesburg]] . Ya shiga jam’iyyar ANC a hukumance a shekarar 1990 bayan da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta haramta ta, kuma ya kasance wakili a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa karo na 48 a Durban a shekarar 1991.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == Bayan zaɓen farko na Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a 1994, an zaɓi Bonhomme don wakiltar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan majalisa a karamar hukumar Arewa sannan kuma a gundumar eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . A ranar 2 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2005, an rantsar da shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokoki ta kasa, 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Afirka ta Kudu ; ya cike gurbin da Manne Dipico ya yi murabus. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A zabe mai zuwa na 2009, an sake zabe shi a matsayin cikakken wa'adi a majalisar, wanda ya wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal ; ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa a ranar 19 ga Mayu 2010 amma ya dawo ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2011 don yin sauran wa’adin majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085913/http://www.pmg.org.za/node/30336 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> A babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 27 a jerin lardunan ANC na KwaZulu-Natal kuma ya tabbatar da sake tsayawa takara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trevor John Bonhomme |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/trevor-bonhomme/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Bonhomme ya rayu a Newlands Gabas har mutuwarsa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families |url=https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ANC Parliamentary Caucus}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ancparliament.org.za/content/tribute-late-honourable-trevor-john-bonhomme-mp-anc-condolence-motion-bonhomme-dreyer "Tribute to the late Honourable Trevor John Bonhomme Mp (ANC): Condolence motion to the Bonhomme and Dreyer Families"]. ''ANC Parliamentary Caucus''. 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya auri Loraine a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida tare, da jikoki da jikoki. Yayansa [[Tarna Barker]] ta wakilci jam'iyyar adawa ta Democratic Alliance a majalisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Gaye |date=22 August 2017 |title=Mthembu pays tribute to veteran ANC MP Trevor Bonhomme |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/22/mthembu-pays-tribute-to-veteran-anc-mp-trevor-bonhomme |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> An gano shi da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na ƙarshe kuma ya mutu a kan 29 Yuli 2017. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 92em1bcj36q4q52pji2aotvr2fjwbmo 0 88535 551801 2024-12-04T16:22:13Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259437420|Timothy Khoza]]" 551801 wikitext text/x-wiki Timothy Zanoxolo Matsebane Khoza (ya mutu 2 ga Agusta 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga Mayu 2014 har zuwa mutuwarsa a cikin Agusta 2017. Ya kasance memba na African National Congress . == Aikin majalisa == Wani memba na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka daga Mpumalanga, Khoza ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 123 a jerin jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC`s national candidate list for the 2014 elections - POLITICS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/ancs-national-candidate-list-for-the-2014-election |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ba a zabe Khoza a matsayin kujera a majalisar ba a zaben, duk da haka, ya shiga majalisar dokokin kasar jim kadan a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2014 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Marthanus van Schalkwyk . <ref name="N24">{{Cite web |last=News24 |first=Paul Herman |title=OBITUARY: MP Timothy Khoza lived for the betterment of others - ANC |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/obituary-mp-timothy-khoza-lived-for-the-betterment-of-others-anc-20170803 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin Yuni 2014, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Ilimin Farko . A shekara mai zuwa, an nada shi don yin hidima a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ci gaban Kananan Kasuwanci kuma. <ref name="N24" /> == Mutuwa == A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2017, Khoza da sauran membobin kwamitin fayil kan ilimin asali suna gudanar da ziyarar sa ido a makarantu a yankin Cape Wineland har sai da motar da suke tafiya a ciki ta yi karo da wata karamar motar haya ta bas ta kifar da R301 tsakanin Paarl da Franschhoek . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dentlinger |first=Lindsay |title=Political parties still in shock after MP killed in accident |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/03/political-parties-still-in-shock-after-mp-killed-in-accident |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=ewn.co.za |language=en-US}}</ref> Khoza ya samu mummunan rauni, yayin da wasu ‘yan majalisar uku suka samu munanan raunuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-02 |title=Mpumalanga ANC MP dies in car accident |url=https://mpumalanganews.co.za/317757/mpumalanga-anc-mp-dies-car-accident/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> Shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya mika ta'aziyya ga iyalan Khoza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma extends condolences to family of ANC MP Timothy Khoza {{!}} eNCA |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/zuma-extends-condolences-to-family-of-anc-mp-timothy-khoza |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.enca.com |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da shi a makarantar Mbambiso da ke Boschfontein a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2017; anyi jana'izarsa bayan kwana biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-10 |title=Timothy 'TK' Khoza Memorial service and funeral details |url=https://mpumalanganews.co.za/318453/timothy-tk-khoza-memorial-service-funeral-details/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] tsiknfsm4lbdsvpknt6gt8x1f84g8pi 551802 551801 2024-12-04T16:23:34Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Timothy Zanoxolo Matsebane Khoza''' (ya mutu 2 ga Agusta 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga Mayu 2014 har zuwa mutuwarsa a cikin Agusta 2017. Ya kasance memba na African National Congress . == Aikin majalisa == Wani memba na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka daga Mpumalanga, Khoza ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a babban zaben 2014, ya kasance na 123 a jerin jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC`s national candidate list for the 2014 elections - POLITICS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/ancs-national-candidate-list-for-the-2014-election |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ba a zabe Khoza a matsayin kujera a majalisar ba a zaben, duk da haka, ya shiga majalisar dokokin kasar jim kadan a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2014 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Marthanus van Schalkwyk . <ref name="N24">{{Cite web |last=News24 |first=Paul Herman |title=OBITUARY: MP Timothy Khoza lived for the betterment of others - ANC |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/obituary-mp-timothy-khoza-lived-for-the-betterment-of-others-anc-20170803 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin Yuni 2014, ya zama memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Ilimin Farko . A shekara mai zuwa, an nada shi don yin hidima a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ci gaban Kananan Kasuwanci kuma. <ref name="N24" /> == Mutuwa == A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2017, Khoza da sauran membobin kwamitin fayil kan ilimin asali suna gudanar da ziyarar sa ido a makarantu a yankin Cape Wineland har sai da motar da suke tafiya a ciki ta yi karo da wata karamar motar haya ta bas ta kifar da R301 tsakanin Paarl da Franschhoek . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dentlinger |first=Lindsay |title=Political parties still in shock after MP killed in accident |url=https://ewn.co.za/2017/08/03/political-parties-still-in-shock-after-mp-killed-in-accident |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=ewn.co.za |language=en-US}}</ref> Khoza ya samu mummunan rauni, yayin da wasu ‘yan majalisar uku suka samu munanan raunuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-02 |title=Mpumalanga ANC MP dies in car accident |url=https://mpumalanganews.co.za/317757/mpumalanga-anc-mp-dies-car-accident/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> Shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya mika ta'aziyya ga iyalan Khoza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma extends condolences to family of ANC MP Timothy Khoza {{!}} eNCA |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/zuma-extends-condolences-to-family-of-anc-mp-timothy-khoza |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.enca.com |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da shi a makarantar Mbambiso da ke Boschfontein a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2017; anyi jana'izarsa bayan kwana biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-10 |title=Timothy 'TK' Khoza Memorial service and funeral details |url=https://mpumalanganews.co.za/318453/timothy-tk-khoza-memorial-service-funeral-details/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] a13ii01hg3ncrpbhvt4bhab1lj6lvjz 0 88536 551803 2024-12-04T16:26:11Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259436987|Tarnia Baker]]" 551803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tarnia Baker''' (1966/1967 - 6 Oktoba 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne. 'Yar asalin [[Durban|garin Durban]] ce, daga baya ta koma Mpumalanga . An zabe ta zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a 2014 a matsayin memba na Democratic Alliance . Baker ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2017, tana da shekaru 50, bayan wata babbar mota ta buge ta a lokacin da take tsallaka titi a Park Rynie a gabar tekun KwaZulu-Natal ta Kudu. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] ilc1pz8shbzmsjcy52o5opny8k4yisn 551804 551803 2024-12-04T16:26:37Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tarnia Baker''' (1966/1967 - 6 Oktoba 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne. 'Yar asalin [[Durban|garin Durban]] ce, daga baya ta koma Mpumalanga . An zabe ta zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a 2014 a matsayin memba na Democratic Alliance . Baker ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2017, tana da shekaru 50, bayan wata babbar mota ta buge ta a lokacin da take tsallaka titi a Park Rynie a gabar tekun KwaZulu-Natal ta Kudu. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] fgr0k78n5rap7u1rwwsyy19c5w70cid 551805 551804 2024-12-04T16:27:18Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tarnia Baker''' (1966/1967 - 6 Oktoba 2017) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne. 'Yar asalin [[Durban|garin Durban]] ce, daga baya ta koma Mpumalanga . An zabe ta zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a 2014 a matsayin memba na Democratic Alliance . Baker ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2017, tana da shekaru 50, bayan wata babbar mota ta buge ta a lokacin da take tsallaka titi a Park Rynie a gabar tekun KwaZulu-Natal ta Kudu.<ref name="death">{{cite news|title=DA MP Tarnia Baker dies after being hit by truck in KZN|url=https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/da-mp-tarnia-baker-dies-after-being-hit-by-truck-in-kzn-11509883|accessdate=8 October 2017|work=Independent Online|date=6 October 2017}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] hw0i6l0nimzan55ybj0lystctetup0e 2 88537 551806 2024-12-04T16:31:51Z Adbullah26 32594 Sabon shafi: Adbullah 551806 wikitext text/x-wiki Adbullah bi6ja91y2uyxzzq8kka0dzmai3yduby 0 88538 551807 2024-12-04T16:35:45Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259441874|Beatrice Ngcobo]]" 551807 wikitext text/x-wiki Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . <ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 435bbjr1ozshm4u0lhzzl0jcnxowzet 551808 551807 2024-12-04T16:36:33Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . <ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 7krwm28le3jo1uaynp8z1s1kr5elsa6 551816 551808 2024-12-04T17:36:07Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya */ 551816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . <ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 1jc23wdamb0oygsp9kdzxximfqunc91 551817 551816 2024-12-04T17:36:41Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya */ 551817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . <ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] b5uf8jke92xcmyizg3exptrmx32sorb 551818 551817 2024-12-04T17:38:20Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya */ 551818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] bq73u66tbbo4h3eaije7xedjfh8ysii 551819 551818 2024-12-04T17:38:51Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya */ 551819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] bln60w8tky9igs5c52nanwlofljaa44 551820 551819 2024-12-04T17:39:46Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Ƙaunar nakasa */ 551820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 4nhz1idt2mvp1n8eqz4354ruarnk5wq 551821 551820 2024-12-04T17:40:14Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Ƙaunar nakasa */ 551821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] bvl5b8jjduzuedpjsqop44niii3koly 551822 551821 2024-12-04T17:40:44Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Ƙaunar nakasa */ 551822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo (18 Yuli 1943 - 18 Fabrairu 2018) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka a Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa daga 2004 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2018. Ta yi aiki a mazabar KwaZulu-Natal daga 2009 zuwa gaba kuma ta shugabanci kwamitin Fayil kan yawon shakatawa daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Ngcobo ya yi aiki a hukumar daidaita jinsi tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2004. Ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ta sana’a, ta kuma koyar da aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami’ar Natal]] kuma ta kasance fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . == Rayuwar farko da aikin jinya == An haifi Ngcobo a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1943 a Port Shepstone a tsohuwar lardin Natal . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta yi digiri a Seminary Inanda, inda ta kasance shugaba, kuma ta sami horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin McCord da ke [[Durban]] . A cikin 1969, ta yi rajista a Wentworth Nursing College, inda ta kammala difloma a cikin ilimin aikin jinya mai zurfi, kuma daga baya ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin 'yar'uwar jinya a Asibitin Wentworth na Durban. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Da farko tana hidimar aikin tiyata da na likitancin zuciya, daga baya ta yi aiki a sashin rauni da gaggawa; a matsayin mai kula da dare kuma mai horar da ma’aikatan jinya masu tsananin gaske ; kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar jinya na farko a cikin konewa da sashin tiyata na filastik, wanda aka kafa a 1981. == Ayyukan aiki da aikin ilimi == === Ƙaunar nakasa === A lokacin da take a Asibitin Wentworth, a cikin 1978, kafafun Ngcobo sun shanye ta hanyar spina bifida . Ta yi amfani da keken guragu bayan haka amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka a fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai kafa kuma mai ba da goyon baya na tsawon lokaci na Nakasassu Afirka ta Kudu, haɗin gwiwa na Disabled Peoples' International, <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}</ref> kuma ta yi sha'awar kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrunta, [[Jami'ar Natal|Jami'ar Natal.]] . <ref name=":1" /> === Jami'ar Natal === Ngcobo ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na aikin jinya a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1988 sannan ta ci gaba da shiga Jami'ar Natal, inda ta kammala karatun difloma na ilimin jinya a 1989 sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin aikin jinya a harabar jami'ar Natal ta Durban. <ref name=":1" /> === Ƙaunar jinsi === A cikin 1997, Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya nada Ngcobo a matsayin kwamitin farko na daidaiton jinsi, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina har zuwa 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance kwamishina ta cikakken lokaci a lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Mpumalanga, inda ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar 'yancin mata a yankunan karkara, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta kasance shugabar riko na hukumar a shekara ta 2002 bayan kammala taron. karshen wa'adin Joy Piliso-Seroke . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2002 |title=Gender post re-advertised |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/gender-post-re-advertised-20020717 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == An fara zaben Ngcobo a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a babban zaben 2004, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=4–95}}</ref> ko da yake, saboda fasaha game da cancantar ta wanda ba a san shi ba har zuwa 2005, ba a rantsar da ita a kan kujerar ba har sai 15 Satumba 2005. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> An sake zabe ta a kujerarta a zabukan 2009 da 2014, kuma daga 2009 ta wakilci mazabar KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pa.org.za/person/beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo/ "Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''People's Assembly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A farkon wa'adinta na uku a Majalisar a 2014, ANC ta zabe ta don zama shugabar Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2014 |title=ANC announces committee chairs |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-announces-committee-chairs-20150429 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar, an yaba mata saboda dagewar da ta yi na shiga ziyarar sa ido na kwamitin a lungu da sako da ba a samun sauki a cikin keken guragu, ciki har da, jim kadan kafin rasuwarta, wurin da aka gina wani sabon fitila a [[Cape Agulhas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/2018-02-24-beatrice-ngcobo-anc-mp-and-activist-for-the-disabled-1943-2018/ "Beatrice Ngcobo: ANC MP and activist for the disabled"]. ''Sunday Times''. 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, ANC ta nada ta don zama mamba a kwamitin wucin gadi da ya wanke shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] daga alhakin kansa na inganta wasu rigima a gidansa na Nkandla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=ANC names senior MPs for Nkandla committee |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/anc-names-senior-mps-for-nkandla-committee-20150430 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo ya kamu da rashin lafiya bayan da aka yi masa tiyata a watan Janairu 2018 kuma ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=South African Government}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extends-condolences-loss-tourism-portfolio-committee-chairperson "President Cyril Ramaphosa extends condolences for loss of Tourism Portfolio Committee Chairperson Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo"]. ''South African Government''. 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament remembers ANC MP Beatrice Ngcobo as a 'dedicated public representative' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/parliament-remembers-anc-mp-beatrice-ngcobo-as-a-dedicated-public-representative-20180219 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2018 |title=Parliament expresses condolences on passing of Member of Parliament Ms Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliament-expresses-condolences-passing-member-parliament-ms-beatrice-thembekile-ngcobo |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Peggy Nkonyeni ya cika kujerarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lujabe |first=Ndileka |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nine new MPs sworn into Parliament following Cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/nine-new-mps-sworn-into-parliament-following-cabinet-reshuffle-20180227 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] h0ijv329xyla05hgbqb4pzz10oziycg 0 88539 551813 2024-12-04T17:10:36Z Adbullah26 32594 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "Ranjan Nayak" 551813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ranjan Nayak''' (an haife shi 14 ga Nuwamba, 1991) shi ne mai tsara rawa da mai rawa daga Indiya wanda aka san shi da sabbin dabarun tsara rawa da gudummawarsa ga shirye-shiryen rawa. Ya kafa Pace Creators Dance Academy kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam.<ref>https://republicnewsindia.com/ranjan-nayak-is-coming-up-with-indias-biggest-dance-reality-show-dancing-super-star-s7/</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Ranjan Nayak an haife shi a Damanjodi, garin ƙanana a Koraput, Odisha, daga iyayensa Rabindra Kumar Nayak da Basanti Lata Nayak. Ya fara karatun injiniya na gine-gine, amma daga bisani ya koma ga rawa, wanda ya zama gaskiyar sha'awarsa. Nayak ya sami Diploma a Rawa daga Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, inda ya kware a fannin fasahar rawa, dabarun tsara rawa, hip-hop, da tarihin rawa a Indiya.<ref>https://trilokmedia.in/ranjan-nayak-the-visionary-choreographer-revolutionizing-indias-dance-scene/</ref><ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Dec/04/the-roshans-netflix-announces-a-docu-series-on-hrithik-roshans-film-family</ref> == Aikin == ===Shirye-shiryen Rawa na Gaskiya === Nayak ya samu shahara ta hanyar shiga cikin wasu shahararrun shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya a Indiya: * Lokacin 4 na Dancing Super Star: Ya yi aiki tare da shahararren mai tsara rawa Saroj Khan, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer." * Lokacin 5: Ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Remo D'Souza, wanda ya yaba da dabarun tsara rawar sa. * Lokacin 6: Ya yi aiki tare da Dharmesh Yelande, wanda ya yaba da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsara rawa na lokacin. * Colors Kannada (2014): Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara rawa ga shahararren shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya. ==== Pace Creators Dance Academy ==== Ranjan ya kafa tare da wasu Pace Creators Dance Academy, wanda ta zama cibiyar koyon talant ɗin matasa a duk faɗin Indiya. Makarantar tana mai da hankali kan bayar da horo na ƙwararru da damar wa masu rawa don nuna kwarewarsu a dandamali na ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/rajiv-ranjan-singh-calls-for-investment-in-andaman-and-nicobars-growing-fisheries-sector</ref> ==== Gudummawa ga Al'adar Rawa ta Vizag ==== Nayak ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Taron horon da shirye-shiryen koyarwarsa sun kawo ilimin rawa ga mutane da dama, suna taimakawa masu sha'awar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da samun damar aiki na ƙwararru. == Kyaututtuka da Girmamawa == * An girmama shi da lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer" daga Saroj Khan. * Remo D'Souza ya yaba da tsara rawar sa a lokacin 5. * Dharmesh Yelande ya yaba da ƙwarewar sa a lokacin 6. == Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai == Ranjan Nayak ya auri Itisri Rout a shekarar 2024. Ya ci gaba da ba da sha'awa ga masu rawa da masu tsara rawa ta hanyar makarantar sa da ayyukansa na ƙwararru. == Gado == An yaba da Nayak saboda gudummawarsa ta kirkire-kirkire a fannin tsara rawa na Indiya da kuma samar da dandalin da zai taimaka wa masu rawa masu sha'awar kawo canji. Tasirinsa yana bayyana a cikin girman al'adar rawa a Indiya, musamman a biranen kamar Vizag, inda ƙoƙarinsa ya ba da damar yin amfani da dama ga ɗaruruwan masu wasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Sauran yanar gizo == * [https://www.instagram.com/ranjan__pace_creators_/?hl=en Instagram] * [[imdbname:16778811|IMDB]] l4riid1beekunkci0wpfqk86d59vme0 551814 551813 2024-12-04T17:12:41Z Adbullah26 32594 551814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ranjan Nayak''' (an haife shi 14 ga Nuwamba, 1991) shi ne mai tsara rawa da mai rawa daga Indiya wanda aka san shi da sabbin dabarun tsara rawa da gudummawarsa ga shirye-shiryen rawa. Ya kafa Pace Creators Dance Academy kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam.<ref>https://republicnewsindia.com/ranjan-nayak-is-coming-up-with-indias-biggest-dance-reality-show-dancing-super-star-s7/</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Ranjan Nayak an haife shi a Damanjodi, garin ƙanana a Koraput, Odisha, daga iyayensa Rabindra Kumar Nayak da Basanti Lata Nayak. Ya fara karatun injiniya na gine-gine, amma daga bisani ya koma ga rawa, wanda ya zama gaskiyar sha'awarsa. Nayak ya sami Diploma a Rawa daga Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, inda ya kware a fannin fasahar rawa, dabarun tsara rawa, hip-hop, da tarihin rawa a Indiya.<ref>https://trilokmedia.in/ranjan-nayak-the-visionary-choreographer-revolutionizing-indias-dance-scene/</ref><ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Dec/04/the-roshans-netflix-announces-a-docu-series-on-hrithik-roshans-film-family</ref> == Aikin == ===Shirye-shiryen Rawa na Gaskiya === Nayak ya samu shahara ta hanyar shiga cikin wasu shahararrun shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya a Indiya: * Lokacin 4 na Dancing Super Star: Ya yi aiki tare da shahararren mai tsara rawa Saroj Khan, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer." * Lokacin 5: Ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Remo D'Souza, wanda ya yaba da dabarun tsara rawar sa. * Lokacin 6: Ya yi aiki tare da Dharmesh Yelande, wanda ya yaba da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsara rawa na lokacin. * Colors Kannada (2014): Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara rawa ga shahararren shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya. == Pace Creators Dance Academy == Ranjan ya kafa tare da wasu Pace Creators Dance Academy, wanda ta zama cibiyar koyon talant ɗin matasa a duk faɗin Indiya. Makarantar tana mai da hankali kan bayar da horo na ƙwararru da damar wa masu rawa don nuna kwarewarsu a dandamali na ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/rajiv-ranjan-singh-calls-for-investment-in-andaman-and-nicobars-growing-fisheries-sector</ref> == Gudummawa ga Al'adar Rawa ta Vizag == Nayak ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Taron horon da shirye-shiryen koyarwarsa sun kawo ilimin rawa ga mutane da dama, suna taimakawa masu sha'awar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da samun damar aiki na ƙwararru. == Kyaututtuka da Girmamawa == * An girmama shi da lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer" daga Saroj Khan. * Remo D'Souza ya yaba da tsara rawar sa a lokacin 5. * Dharmesh Yelande ya yaba da ƙwarewar sa a lokacin 6. == Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai == Ranjan Nayak ya auri Itisri Rout a shekarar 2024. Ya ci gaba da ba da sha'awa ga masu rawa da masu tsara rawa ta hanyar makarantar sa da ayyukansa na ƙwararru. == Legacy == An yaba da Nayak saboda gudummawarsa ta kirkire-kirkire a fannin tsara rawa na Indiya da kuma samar da dandalin da zai taimaka wa masu rawa masu sha'awar kawo canji. Tasirinsa yana bayyana a cikin girman al'adar rawa a Indiya, musamman a biranen kamar Vizag, inda ƙoƙarinsa ya ba da damar yin amfani da dama ga ɗaruruwan masu wasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Sauran yanar gizo == * [https://www.instagram.com/ranjan__pace_creators_/?hl=en Instagram] * [[imdbname:16778811|IMDB]] rz5s0a59c4x7cug9uilzsqx6lx4cohs 551854 551814 2024-12-04T19:29:55Z Nnamadee 31123 551854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ranjan Nayak''' (an haife shi 14 ga watan Nuwamba, 1991) shi ne mai tsara rawa da mai rawa daga Indiya wanda aka san shi da sabbin dabarun tsara rawa da gudummawarsa ga shirye-shiryen rawa. Ya kafa Pace Creators Dance Academy kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam.<ref>https://republicnewsindia.com/ranjan-nayak-is-coming-up-with-indias-biggest-dance-reality-show-dancing-super-star-s7/</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Ranjan Nayak an haife shi a Damanjodi, garin ƙanana a Koraput, Odisha, daga iyayensa Rabindra Kumar Nayak da Basanti Lata Nayak. Ya fara karatun injiniya na gine-gine, amma daga bisani ya koma ga rawa, wanda ya zama gaskiyar sha'awarsa. Nayak ya sami Diploma a Rawa daga Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, inda ya kware a fannin fasahar rawa, dabarun tsara rawa, hip-hop, da tarihin rawa a Indiya.<ref>https://trilokmedia.in/ranjan-nayak-the-visionary-choreographer-revolutionizing-indias-dance-scene/</ref><ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Dec/04/the-roshans-netflix-announces-a-docu-series-on-hrithik-roshans-film-family</ref> == Aikin == ===Shirye-shiryen Rawa na Gaskiya === Nayak ya samu shahara ta hanyar shiga cikin wasu shahararrun shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya a Indiya: * Lokacin 4 na Dancing Super Star: Ya yi aiki tare da shahararren mai tsara rawa Saroj Khan, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer." * Lokacin 5: Ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Remo D'Souza, wanda ya yaba da dabarun tsara rawar sa. * Lokacin 6: Ya yi aiki tare da Dharmesh Yelande, wanda ya yaba da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsara rawa na lokacin. * Colors Kannada (2014): Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara rawa ga shahararren shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya. == Pace Creators Dance Academy == Ranjan ya kafa tare da wasu Pace Creators Dance Academy, wanda ta zama cibiyar koyon talant ɗin matasa a duk faɗin Indiya. Makarantar tana mai da hankali kan bayar da horo na ƙwararru da damar wa masu rawa don nuna kwarewarsu a dandamali na ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/rajiv-ranjan-singh-calls-for-investment-in-andaman-and-nicobars-growing-fisheries-sector</ref> == Gudummawa ga Al'adar Rawa ta Vizag == Nayak ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Taron horon da shirye-shiryen koyarwarsa sun kawo ilimin rawa ga mutane da dama, suna taimakawa masu sha'awar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da samun damar aiki na ƙwararru. == Kyaututtuka da Girmamawa == * An girmama shi da lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer" daga Saroj Khan. * Remo D'Souza ya yaba da tsara rawar sa a lokacin 5. * Dharmesh Yelande ya yaba da ƙwarewar sa a lokacin 6. == Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai == Ranjan Nayak ya auri Itisri Rout a shekarar 2024. Ya ci gaba da ba da sha'awa ga masu rawa da masu tsara rawa ta hanyar makarantar sa da ayyukansa na ƙwararru. == Legacy == An yaba da Nayak saboda gudummawarsa ta kirkire-kirkire a fannin tsara rawa na Indiya da kuma samar da dandalin da zai taimaka wa masu rawa masu sha'awar kawo canji. Tasirinsa yana bayyana a cikin girman al'adar rawa a Indiya, musamman a biranen kamar Vizag, inda ƙoƙarinsa ya ba da damar yin amfani da dama ga ɗaruruwan masu wasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Sauran yanar gizo == * [https://www.instagram.com/ranjan__pace_creators_/?hl=en Instagram] * [[imdbname:16778811|IMDB]] 9p7g1e2u5nzsn7hkiyrpve8buqwu5gk 551857 551854 2024-12-04T19:30:42Z Nnamadee 31123 551857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ranjan Nayak''' (an haife shi 14 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1991) shi ne mai tsara rawa da mai rawa daga Indiya wanda aka san shi da sabbin dabarun tsara rawa da gudummawarsa ga shirye-shiryen rawa. Ya kafa Pace Creators Dance Academy kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam.<ref>https://republicnewsindia.com/ranjan-nayak-is-coming-up-with-indias-biggest-dance-reality-show-dancing-super-star-s7/</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Ranjan Nayak an haife shi a Damanjodi, garin ƙanana a Koraput, Odisha, daga iyayensa Rabindra Kumar Nayak da Basanti Lata Nayak. Ya fara karatun injiniya na gine-gine, amma daga bisani ya koma ga rawa, wanda ya zama gaskiyar sha'awarsa. Nayak ya sami Diploma a Rawa daga Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, inda ya kware a fannin fasahar rawa, dabarun tsara rawa, hip-hop, da tarihin rawa a Indiya.<ref>https://trilokmedia.in/ranjan-nayak-the-visionary-choreographer-revolutionizing-indias-dance-scene/</ref><ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Dec/04/the-roshans-netflix-announces-a-docu-series-on-hrithik-roshans-film-family</ref> == Aikin == ===Shirye-shiryen Rawa na Gaskiya === Nayak ya samu shahara ta hanyar shiga cikin wasu shahararrun shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya a Indiya: * Lokacin 4 na Dancing Super Star: Ya yi aiki tare da shahararren mai tsara rawa Saroj Khan, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer." * Lokacin 5: Ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Remo D'Souza, wanda ya yaba da dabarun tsara rawar sa. * Lokacin 6: Ya yi aiki tare da Dharmesh Yelande, wanda ya yaba da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsara rawa na lokacin. * Colors Kannada (2014): Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara rawa ga shahararren shirye-shiryen rawa na gaskiya. == Pace Creators Dance Academy == Ranjan ya kafa tare da wasu Pace Creators Dance Academy, wanda ta zama cibiyar koyon talant ɗin matasa a duk faɗin Indiya. Makarantar tana mai da hankali kan bayar da horo na ƙwararru da damar wa masu rawa don nuna kwarewarsu a dandamali na ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/rajiv-ranjan-singh-calls-for-investment-in-andaman-and-nicobars-growing-fisheries-sector</ref> == Gudummawa ga Al'adar Rawa ta Vizag == Nayak ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza al'adar rawa a Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Taron horon da shirye-shiryen koyarwarsa sun kawo ilimin rawa ga mutane da dama, suna taimakawa masu sha'awar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da samun damar aiki na ƙwararru. == Kyaututtuka da Girmamawa == * An girmama shi da lambar yabo ta "Best Choreographer" daga Saroj Khan. * Remo D'Souza ya yaba da tsara rawar sa a lokacin 5. * Dharmesh Yelande ya yaba da ƙwarewar sa a lokacin 6. == Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai == Ranjan Nayak ya auri Itisri Rout a shekarar 2024. Ya ci gaba da ba da sha'awa ga masu rawa da masu tsara rawa ta hanyar makarantar sa da ayyukansa na ƙwararru. == Legacy == An yaba da Nayak saboda gudummawarsa ta kirkire-kirkire a fannin tsara rawa na Indiya da kuma samar da dandalin da zai taimaka wa masu rawa masu sha'awar kawo canji. Tasirinsa yana bayyana a cikin girman al'adar rawa a Indiya, musamman a biranen kamar Vizag, inda ƙoƙarinsa ya ba da damar yin amfani da dama ga ɗaruruwan masu wasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Sauran yanar gizo == * [https://www.instagram.com/ranjan__pace_creators_/?hl=en Instagram] * [[imdbname:16778811|IMDB]] 4h5vi594feax9hl45et1u14l81swnw9 0 88540 551827 2024-12-04T18:30:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 551827 wikitext text/x-wiki Littafin Sword of the lamb labari ne na almara na kimiyya na marubucin Ba'amurke MK Wren wanda Berkley Books ya buga a 1981. == Takaitaccen makirci == Alexander, ɗan fari na gidan Dekoven Woolf yana neman 'yanci ga mutanensa.<ref>Costikyan, Greg (July 1981). "Books". Ares Magazine (9). Simulations Publications, Inc.: 23.</ref> == Liyafa == Greg Costikyan ya sake nazarin Takobin Ɗan Rago a cikin Mujallar Ares #9 kuma ya yi sharhi cewa "Takobin Ɗan Rago ba babban wallafe-wallafe ba ne kuma ba SF mai kyau ba ne, amma 'shafi ne mai jujjuyawa'"[1] James Nicoll ya ce: "Rubutun shine isasshe mai isa, taki da yawo bayanai a gefe."<ref>Nicoll, James (May 20, 2014). "Sword of the Lamb". jamesdavisnicoll.com.</ref> == Sake dubawa == Bita daga Baird Searles (1981) a cikin Mujallar Almarar Kimiyya ta Isaac Asimov, Yuli 6, 1981 Bita daga Bob Mecoy (1981) a cikin Rayuwa ta gaba, Nuwamba 1981 Bita daga Debbie Notkin (1982) a cikin Rigel Science Fiction, #3 Winter 1982 Bita daga Denise Gorse (1986) a cikin Paperback Inferno, #62 == Manazarta == p47zs5quyi8fuoqb7utleeyvqsevqw1 551828 551827 2024-12-04T18:31:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 551828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Littafin Sword of the lamb labari ne na almara na kimiyya na marubucin Ba'amurke MK Wren wanda Berkley Books ya buga a 1981. == Takaitaccen makirci == Alexander, ɗan fari na gidan Dekoven Woolf yana neman 'yanci ga mutanensa.<ref>Costikyan, Greg (July 1981). "Books". Ares Magazine (9). Simulations Publications, Inc.: 23.</ref> == Liyafa == Greg Costikyan ya sake nazarin Takobin Ɗan Rago a cikin Mujallar Ares #9 kuma ya yi sharhi cewa "Takobin Ɗan Rago ba babban wallafe-wallafe ba ne kuma ba SF mai kyau ba ne, amma 'shafi ne mai jujjuyawa'"[1] James Nicoll ya ce: "Rubutun shine isasshe mai isa, taki da yawo bayanai a gefe."<ref>Nicoll, James (May 20, 2014). "Sword of the Lamb". jamesdavisnicoll.com.</ref> == Sake dubawa == Bita daga Baird Searles (1981) a cikin Mujallar Almarar Kimiyya ta Isaac Asimov, Yuli 6, 1981 Bita daga Bob Mecoy (1981) a cikin Rayuwa ta gaba, Nuwamba 1981 Bita daga Debbie Notkin (1982) a cikin Rigel Science Fiction, #3 Winter 1982 Bita daga Denise Gorse (1986) a cikin Paperback Inferno, #62 == Manazarta == g93x989uohjanvk77rut39dgezueyuz 551829 551828 2024-12-04T18:32:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 551829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Littafin Takobin rago''' labari ne na almara na kimiyya na marubucin Ba'amurke MK Wren wanda Berkley Books ya buga a 1981. == Takaitaccen makirci == Alexander, ɗan fari na gidan Dekoven Woolf yana neman 'yanci ga mutanensa.<ref>Costikyan, Greg (July 1981). "Books". Ares Magazine (9). Simulations Publications, Inc.: 23.</ref> == Liyafa == Greg Costikyan ya sake nazarin Takobin Ɗan Rago a cikin Mujallar Ares #9 kuma ya yi sharhi cewa "Takobin Ɗan Rago ba babban wallafe-wallafe ba ne kuma ba SF mai kyau ba ne, amma 'shafi ne mai jujjuyawa'"[1] James Nicoll ya ce: "Rubutun shine isasshe mai isa, taki da yawo bayanai a gefe."<ref>Nicoll, James (May 20, 2014). "Sword of the Lamb". jamesdavisnicoll.com.</ref> == Sake dubawa == Bita daga Baird Searles (1981) a cikin Mujallar Almarar Kimiyya ta Isaac Asimov, Yuli 6, 1981 Bita daga Bob Mecoy (1981) a cikin Rayuwa ta gaba, Nuwamba 1981 Bita daga Debbie Notkin (1982) a cikin Rigel Science Fiction, #3 Winter 1982 Bita daga Denise Gorse (1986) a cikin Paperback Inferno, #62 == Manazarta == e5o55acxy0p2n3290q69s5jm07c0m65 0 88541 551831 2024-12-04T18:38:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 551831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bissau-Guineans a Faransa sun ƙunshi baƙi daga Guinea-Bissau da zuriyarsu da ke zaune da aiki a Faransa. == Tarihi == Baƙi na farko na Bissau-Guineans sun zo a farkon ƙarni na 20. Akwai Manjacks navigators da suka yi aiki da kamfanonin Faransa. Sun zo ta Senegal zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa kamar Marseille, kuma suka tafi Paris. Akwai haduwar dangi da matan ma’aikatan jirgin da suka zo Faransa a shekarun 1950 da 1960. Akwai kuma wani guguwar shige da fice ta Bissau-Guinean, galibi ta ƙunshi baƙin haure na tattalin arziki.<ref>"Report of co-development" (PDF). www.grdr.org. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref> == Tsatso == Yawancin Bissau-Guineans a Faransa mutanen Manjack ne, daga arewa maso yamma na Bissau-Guinea. == Manazarta == ewp8kxpkvjyg7fa3n01ojxuqubwh467 551836 551831 2024-12-04T18:52:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 551836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bissau-Guineans a Faransa''' sun ƙunshi baƙi daga Guinea-Bissau da zuriyarsu da ke zaune da aiki a Faransa. == Tarihi == Baƙi na farko na Bissau-Guineans sun zo a farkon ƙarni na 20. Akwai Manjacks navigators da suka yi aiki da kamfanonin Faransa. Sun zo ta Senegal zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa kamar Marseille, kuma suka tafi Paris. Akwai haduwar dangi da matan ma’aikatan jirgin da suka zo Faransa a shekarun 1950 da 1960. Akwai kuma wani guguwar shige da fice ta Bissau-Guinean, galibi ta ƙunshi baƙin haure na tattalin arziki.<ref>"Report of co-development" (PDF). www.grdr.org. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</ref> == Tsatso == Yawancin Bissau-Guineans a Faransa mutanen Manjack ne, daga arewa maso yamma na Bissau-Guinea. == Manazarta == ny7zzfigoyi05sr1ow5an5kj6mkci5t 0 88542 551832 2024-12-04T18:43:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 551832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{Databox}}''' '''Tashar Dresden Freiberger Straße''' (Jamus: Haltepunkt Dresden Freiberger Straße) tashar jirgin kasa ce<ref>Dresden Freiberger Straße station at the Deutsche Bahn website</ref> a cikin garin Dresden, Saxony, Jamus. Tashar tana kan titin jirgin kasa na Pirna-Coswig. Tashar tana da dandali mai tsayin mita 140 da aka lulluɓe tare da waƙoƙi biyu da kuma hanyar shiga mara shinge ta hanyar lif. Ana ba da shi ta layin S1 da S2. Ana samun damar dandalin ta hanyar rami da ke gudana a kan hanya. A cikin wurin da aka riga aka kafa ta kusa da hanyar fita, akwai tashoshi na zamani guda biyu na tram inda layin 7, 10 da 12 ke tsayawa, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai cikin sauri zuwa tsakiyar gari. == Manazarta == rsbq03g2zqca1e7rphkdok0863kwyro 551833 551832 2024-12-04T18:44:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 551833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Dresden Freiberger Straße''' (Jamus: Haltepunkt Dresden Freiberger Straße) tashar jirgin kasa ce<ref>Dresden Freiberger Straße station at the Deutsche Bahn website</ref> a cikin garin Dresden, Saxony, Jamus. Tashar tana kan titin jirgin kasa na Pirna-Coswig. Tashar tana da dandali mai tsayin mita 140 da aka lulluɓe tare da waƙoƙi biyu da kuma hanyar shiga mara shinge ta hanyar lif. Ana ba da shi ta layin S1 da S2. Ana samun damar dandalin ta hanyar rami da ke gudana a kan hanya. A cikin wurin da aka riga aka kafa ta kusa da hanyar fita, akwai tashoshi na zamani guda biyu na tram inda layin 7, 10 da 12 ke tsayawa, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai cikin sauri zuwa tsakiyar gari. == Manazarta == han5b5p2qtuho03fzontqrrcsoca6te 0 88543 551834 2024-12-04T18:49:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 551834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{databox}}''' '''Ayyukan Kirista Bloedel Wagon''', wanda kuma aka sani da The Brick Shop da Bloedel & Son Wagon Works, gine-gine ne na tarihi guda biyu da ke McGregor, Iowa, Amurka. Babban kantin wagon da wurin masana'anta suna zaune kusa da titi. An kammala shi a cikin 1862 a cikin salon Italiyanci. Gilashin bulo na babban facade yana rufe rufin rufin sa. Shagon yana kan babban bene na ginin bulo, kuma wurin zama yana kan bene na biyu.<ref>Leah D. Rogers. "Christian Bloedel Wagon Works". National Park Service. Retrieved 2016-10-09. with photos</ref> Ginin na biyu, wanda aka sake komawa baya, an gina shi da bulo ne a shekara ta 1887. Yana dauke da shagon fenti na wagon a bene na farko da wurin zama a bene na biyu. Sauran gine-ginen da suke a wani lokaci na wannan ginin ba su wanzu. An jera gine-ginen tare akan rajistar wuraren tarihi na ƙasa a cikin 2009.<ref>"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.</ref> == Manazarta == rtr8kpm06wvjo9l0kgfv5dro73yoc03 551835 551834 2024-12-04T18:51:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 551835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayyukan Kirista Bloedel Wagon''', wanda kuma aka sani da The Brick Shop da Bloedel & Son Wagon Works, gine-gine ne na tarihi guda biyu da ke McGregor, Iowa, Amurka. Babban kantin wagon da wurin masana'anta suna zaune kusa da titi. An kammala shi a cikin 1862 a cikin salon Italiyanci. Gilashin bulo na babban facade yana rufe rufin rufin sa. Shagon yana kan babban bene na ginin bulo, kuma wurin zama yana kan bene na biyu.<ref>Leah D. Rogers. "Christian Bloedel Wagon Works". National Park Service. Retrieved 2016-10-09. with photos</ref> Ginin na biyu, wanda aka sake komawa baya, an gina shi da bulo ne a shekara ta 1887. Yana dauke da shagon fenti na wagon a bene na farko da wurin zama a bene na biyu. Sauran gine-ginen da suke a wani lokaci na wannan ginin ba su wanzu. An jera gine-ginen tare akan rajistar wuraren tarihi na ƙasa a cikin 2009.<ref>"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.</ref> == Manazarta == jifg0u7fu9g03irofqjrfkdhip008id 0 88544 551870 2024-12-04T20:00:23Z Mahuta 11340 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259053932|Te Tātua a Riukiuta]]" 551870 wikitext text/x-wiki   Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai fitattun wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai fashewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira 44juk368f56omvacagyxyvxy40zffpq 551874 551870 2024-12-04T20:01:28Z Mahuta 11340 551874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai fitattun wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai fashewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira 2wzgkuu8chzu9hot5iokjs0plo6q2f6 551875 551874 2024-12-04T20:02:32Z Mahuta 11340 551875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai fitattun wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai fashewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira ejwve4orxs3y8ldxsud2f9ctvvx0s1s 551877 551875 2024-12-04T20:03:07Z Mahuta 11340 551877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai fashewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira amelm8k0rxm5q75hx5o9jzvvn0s4d32 551880 551877 2024-12-04T20:03:57Z Mahuta 11340 551880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai fashewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira 55sfembggqhitpen6xlq0psg8nd2j07 551882 551880 2024-12-04T20:04:44Z Mahuta 11340 551882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse ya gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Wadannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira idt48hov58wq6b4m56cmd2fcjwn040q 551884 551882 2024-12-04T20:05:25Z Mahuta 11340 551884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su karkashin kasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira abpj4q2lh6e0o4gmjle97e1xu2chxc4 551886 551884 2024-12-04T20:05:59Z Mahuta 11340 551886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira l0mlnz2mmu4eh199bg1okz9njzk31o7 551888 551886 2024-12-04T20:06:18Z Mahuta 11340 551888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira onxjsncq0s2dmipa1hasq1jxhg932zm 551889 551888 2024-12-04T20:06:44Z Mahuta 11340 551889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira ilpkuycps4fjl7fs0nbxm2cqd896kl4 551891 551889 2024-12-04T20:07:14Z Mahuta 11340 551891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a shekarar 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya kuma taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana ci gaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira fbroyovw1ie1flx0eod377ohu8se4s2 551892 551891 2024-12-04T20:07:45Z Mahuta 11340 551892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a shekarar 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya kuma taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana kuma cigaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin shekarar 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira pxm1jtq3jcxts0o3oylsb6twrhq7u4v 551895 551892 2024-12-04T20:08:43Z Mahuta 11340 551895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}</ref> dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da '''Sarakuna Uku''' da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King. == Ilimin ƙasa == Te Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a {{Convert|133|m|}} tsawo, East King a {{Convert|120|m|}} tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake {{Convert|135|m|}} tsaunuka. Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John. Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin [[Rijiyar burtsatse|ramuka]] shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.<ref name="Lindsayetal_2011">{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=J.M. |last2=Leonard |first2=G.S. |last3=Smid |first3=E.R. |last4=Hayward |first4=B.W. |date=December 2011 |title=Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=379–401 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2011.595805 |s2cid=129707270}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLindsayLeonardSmidHayward2011">Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". ''New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics''. '''54''' (4): 379–401. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805|10.1080/00288306.2011.595805]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129707270 129707270].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Te Tātua a Riukiuta |url=https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.maunga.nz |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.maunga.nz/maunga/te-tatua-a-riukiuta/ "Te Tātua a Riukiuta"]. ''www.maunga.nz''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Three_Kings_panorama_Auckland.jpg|thumb|Dubi arewa maso gabas daga taron koli na Te Tātua a Riukiuta, yana nuna shimfidar wuri a kan gangaren daga lokacin da yake shafin pā.]] [[Fayil:Looking_west_showing_Three_Kings_Road_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Dubi yamma, wanda aka yi a 1920, yana nuna Hanyar Sarakuna Uku (daga baya Hanyar Dutsen Adnin, gaba) da kuma wani ɓangare na Te Tātua a Riukiuta: Babban Sarki yana bayan bango a hagu, tare da Sarki na Gabas a dama.]] Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te ''Tatua ko [[Mataaho]]'' (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-1 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=Te Ara}}</ref> Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a shekarar 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).<ref name="Hayward_2011" /> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya kuma taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar [[Te Waiohua|Waiohua]] na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te [[Te Kawerau ā Maki|Kawerau ā Maki]] ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.<ref name="THBBWRVPlan">{{Cite web |last=[[Waitākere Ranges Local Board]] |date=October 2015 |title=Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/te-henga-bethells-beach-local-area-plan.pdf |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=[[Auckland Council]] |isbn=978-0-908320-17-2}}</ref> Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin [[Dankali|Kumara]] da terracing.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Koyaya, ana kuma cigaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin shekarar 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya === A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta shekarar 2014 tsakanin Crown da ''Ngā Mana Whenua o ''Tāmaki Makaurau'''' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NZGB decisions - September 2014 |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014 |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=Land Information New Zealand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Council |first=Auckland |title=Tūpuna Maunga significance and history |url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/kaupapa-maori/comanagement-authorities-boards/tupuna-maunga-tamaki-makaurau-authority/Pages/tupuna-maunga-significance-history.aspx |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Auckland Council |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Haɗin waje == * Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki * [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/30462 Ra'ayi na shafin pā {{Circa}} 1904] a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland * Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira c6wkrvhp5p875wis8ken7v8gz4rbgjv 0 88545 551903 2024-12-04T20:29:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} 551903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 1cuz34gp65axujgbyib7d5oqwb73c81 551904 551903 2024-12-04T20:30:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Aparna Balan (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala. rzanamh8uzk8i9lbdf9t15e5p68f0pi 551905 551904 2024-12-04T20:31:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref> gtd3d86oeww797rniwkzx6k9l4rhllc 551906 551905 2024-12-04T20:32:06Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. sz0mm2n6ou0v50762j0hicsrlv26rld 551907 551906 2024-12-04T20:32:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== js6d2covu9jc5s4qg33dqyyqaqagoxn 551908 551907 2024-12-04T20:33:09Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju. o0bc2orabmjcxjh7m9pd7f2iugm5fi1 551909 551908 2024-12-04T20:33:41Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref> 6sqqwfavauobqgb9bx35gnu8g8xqnbv 551910 551909 2024-12-04T20:34:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu. eah9o2zau61seyhfbtf003s02q02wab 551911 551910 2024-12-04T20:34:43Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref> pr75m8sq2so8bmdmas79d0j3hqirjc0 551912 551911 2024-12-04T20:35:14Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas. 8f1eguaxxxqfhfy3dxvw52pdjq6cc4u 551913 551912 2024-12-04T20:36:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref></ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== ju8qzqvh4x4tgrshpgpp8ist958217e 551914 551913 2024-12-04T20:36:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== mc490hegdvqubj6jy1zj0yfr5ks0q2c 551915 551914 2024-12-04T20:37:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS. bd6pcqt4bqhyp4uky7viz7w5r0ha3dm 551916 551915 2024-12-04T20:38:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref> qrjpln4mzper4tr3sxk0044vozkxnjz 551917 551916 2024-12-04T20:38:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. hd9ejwj9urjt3y1s90i9ujm6hhi0i31 551918 551917 2024-12-04T20:39:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== mdwnaochei2rlg7q67vp01b38zumv79 551919 551918 2024-12-04T20:40:28Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== 4fos2shqvw91c1ewbzhhrvuyop514gr 551920 551919 2024-12-04T20:42:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' i9sekhgjojck4gt0fgbsv4d36wz4p8z 551921 551920 2024-12-04T20:44:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} mwtgwff7mdnl7mf94gnifcyn15wj05u 551922 551921 2024-12-04T20:45:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} ''Mata biyu'' lrf9tu2os9i1occga26u3fao5zd9d65 551923 551922 2024-12-04T20:47:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' oy7fz7xto43ij1tkiro0pm7xb443t90 551924 551923 2024-12-04T20:51:09Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament a2crvj8ffmxsjs84nsrkhctqr70y5o4 551925 551924 2024-12-04T20:52:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== ibz4200w7sjzzrpc74u65cwuw8i857z 551927 551925 2024-12-04T20:54:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2006 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2007 * Zakaran kasa a mata na biyu a 2011 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2012 * Zakaran gasar mata na kasa ya ninka a 2012 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2013 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2014 * Zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya a 2015 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2016 * Zakaran kasa a cikin mata ya ninka 2017 * Wasannin ƙasa 2015 gauraye zinare biyu *Masu cin gasar Premier Badminton 2016 t5x5a46ymcslzk93bvs15dqc57te5x5 551928 551927 2024-12-04T20:55:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran kasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na kasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2006 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2007 * Zakaran kasa a mata na biyu a 2011 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2012 * Zakaran gasar mata na kasa ya ninka a 2012 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2013 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2014 * Zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya a 2015 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2016 * Zakaran kasa a cikin mata ya ninka 2017 * Wasannin ƙasa 2015 gauraye zinare biyu *Masu cin gasar Premier Badminton 2016 ==MANAZARTA== rcd5sk874pg1dxrwotg88z19dyduq10 551938 551928 2024-12-04T21:01:30Z Mahuta 11340 551938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran ƙasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na ƙasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta hada biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada [[azurfa]] ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2006 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2007 * Zakaran kasa a mata na biyu a 2011 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2012 * Zakaran gasar mata na kasa ya ninka a 2012 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2013 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2014 * Zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya a 2015 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2016 * Zakaran kasa a cikin mata ya ninka 2017 * Wasannin ƙasa 2015 gauraye zinare biyu *Masu cin gasar Premier Badminton 2016 ==MANAZARTA== och6p07t3ppj2h6thidyvkfcdi9jci2 551939 551938 2024-12-04T21:01:54Z Mahuta 11340 551939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran ƙasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na ƙasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta haɗa biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2006 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2007 * Zakaran kasa a mata na biyu a 2011 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2012 * Zakaran gasar mata na kasa ya ninka a 2012 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2013 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2014 * Zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya a 2015 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2016 * Zakaran kasa a cikin mata ya ninka 2017 * Wasannin ƙasa 2015 gauraye zinare biyu *Masu cin gasar Premier Badminton 2016 ==MANAZARTA== cvlutgcxlpsn6nocp795gq74h3qy7oj 551975 551939 2024-12-04T23:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 551975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Balan''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta 1986) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Indiya ne daga Kozhikode, Kerala.<ref>http://bwfbadminton.com/player/51651/aparna-balan</ref>Ta kasance cikin tawagar kasar da ta lashe lambar azurfa a wasannin Commonwealth na 2010, sannan ta samu lambobin zinare a 2004, 2006 da 2010 na wasannin Kudancin Asiya. Ta zama zakara ta kasa sau 6 a gauraye biyu sannan ta zama zakaran ƙasa sau 3 a gasar mata biyu. Ta wakilci Indiya a yawancin wasannin badminton na duniya. ==Sana'a== A cikin 2006, ta lashe kambun gauraye biyu na ƙasa tare da V. Diju.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-12-04 |archive-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622124948/http://www.delhispider.com/resources/3178-Aparna-Balan-Indian-Badminton-Player.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>A wannan shekarar, ta shiga gasar wasannin Asiya ta Kudu ta 2006, kuma ta samu lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar mata da ta haɗa biyu.<ref>"Thushara and Duminda take silver". The Island. Retrieved 21 June 2017.</ref>A wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2010, Balan ya lashe zinari biyu na mata tare da Shruti Kurien sannan ya hada azurfa ninki biyu da Sanave Thomas.<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Indian-shuttlers-rule-the-roost-at-South-Asian-Games/articleshow/5535611.cms</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== A ranar 09 ga Afrilu 2018, ta auri Sandeep MS.<ref>https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2018/04/10/national-badminton-player-aparna-balan-married.html</ref>Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Sriyaan Sandeep Maliyekkal. ==Nasarorin da aka samu== ===Wasannin Kudancin Asiya=== ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. R. Meenakshi]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 21–18, 21–23, 12–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 21–19, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Venue ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]] | align="left" | Sugathadasa Indoor Stadium,<br />[[Colombo, Sri Lanka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thomas Kurien]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[V. Diju]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 11–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |- style="background:#FFAAAA" | align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]] | align="left" | Wooden-Floor Gymnasium,<br />[[Dhaka, Bangladesh]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanave Thomas]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} V. Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] | align="left" | 11–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya (lakabi 7, masu tsere 13) === ''Mata biyu'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyotshna Polavarapu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Kurien]] | align="left" | 11–21, 8–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sampada Sahasrabuddhe]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nicole Grether]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Reid]] | align="left" | 16–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Shruti Kurien | align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Line Damkjær Kruse]] <br /> {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mie Schjøtt-Kristensen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–17, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Nicole Grether <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} Charmaine Reid | align="left" | 10–21, 19–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee So-hee]] <br /> {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Seung-chan]] | align="left" | 21–19, 13–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] | align="left" | 21–18, 18–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sanyogita Ghorpade | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} N. Siki Reddy | align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 5–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Prajakta Sawant | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 21–13, 10–21, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2017 | align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi K.P]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar]] | align="left" | 21–8, 21–9 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | Nepal International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage]] | align="left" | 21–16, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Sruthi K.P | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yap Cheng Wen]] | align="left" | 14–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} ''Mixed doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Pakistan International (badminton)|Pakistan International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Diluka Karunaratne]] <br /> {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chandrika de Silva|Renu Hettiarachchige]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–14 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupesh Kumar]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jwala Gutta]] | align="left" | 14–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | [[Bahrain International (badminton)|Bahrain International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Vishnu]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trupti Murgunde]] | align="left" | 17–21, 21–18, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | [[Spanish International (badminton)|Spanish Open]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Robin Middleton]] <br /> {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mariana Agathangelou]] | align="left" | 16–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Patipat Chalardchaleam]] <br /> {{flagicon|THA}} [[Savitree Amitapai]] | align="left" | 10–21, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | [[Maldives International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toby Ng]] <br /> {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] | align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 9–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Bahrain International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Valiyaveetil Diju <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Siki Reddy]] | align="left" | 21–14, 25–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} Robin Middleton <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leanne Choo]] | align="left" | 15–21, 21–17, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner''' |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | Tata Open India International | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Vishnu | align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] <br /> {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]] | align="left" | 13–21, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament ===Manyan Nasarorin Kasa=== * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2006 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2007 * Zakaran kasa a mata na biyu a 2011 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2012 * Zakaran gasar mata na kasa ya ninka a 2012 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2013 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2014 * Zakaran gasar cin kofin duniya a 2015 * Zakaran kasa a cikin gauraye biyu na 2016 * Zakaran kasa a cikin mata ya ninka 2017 * Wasannin ƙasa 2015 gauraye zinare biyu *Masu cin gasar Premier Badminton 2016 ==MANAZARTA== fody2frlke8p4hktf54c6f0drrz0yex 0 88546 551931 2024-12-04T20:58:11Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} 551931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 1cuz34gp65axujgbyib7d5oqwb73c81 551932 551931 2024-12-04T20:59:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka. 9ei2voickp64i4f8jvplx6sfxm2gcoq 551936 551932 2024-12-04T21:01:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa. fgqtjzq8fmna95uu0xrulugfgy0839u 551937 551936 2024-12-04T21:01:28Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> m79ww4hubr2las12p88nislrnkyv653 551940 551937 2024-12-04T21:02:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII. o4iqnqcmq12mg9al899enszl4w9avcp 551941 551940 2024-12-04T21:02:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL. dm3351kvuw7l0jaqf21sxg23xr400tw 551942 551941 2024-12-04T21:03:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref> hmgwzkalmq0t8eqbwsrciy32lxboy5j 551943 551942 2024-12-04T21:03:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji. kz7afzncvfmrsxscsb69n65vktgn1to 551944 551943 2024-12-04T21:04:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa. gl1cv3ngl4mkha2wjxu9mav2gbsz49l 551947 551944 2024-12-04T21:04:51Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. 3tsmy3qiubpfnxhsmqg6gp537xde0pz 551948 551947 2024-12-04T21:05:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 551948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== rw58o59cmo185a03iqokakzd36pueyx 552021 551948 2024-12-05T06:23:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963. cd5te5w8kuhwk0yz80n1u2qssfhymcy 552022 552021 2024-12-05T06:24:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba. o7tud49q79kzgc84lrh17ln64iu08j3 552023 552022 2024-12-05T06:25:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba. 7tmc92i1ag2vzl5r02hel9213zuxc2p 552024 552023 2024-12-05T06:25:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro. jj20ajsutsmbgld25uj06qc4epyjorc 552025 552024 2024-12-05T06:26:34Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints. 6cev25vyg2tss0qtfh2qbv2ztv7yazp 552026 552025 2024-12-05T06:27:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. 88nn3avdo682qqet55kxzj4irhydadb 552027 552026 2024-12-05T06:27:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa. f88iayrc9j3sgkthev5otlg3gizy57t 552028 552027 2024-12-05T06:28:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> ru9er284xfk4rn0g56xmszt6pb3k1v1 552029 552028 2024-12-05T06:28:41Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa. buj5fln4338g4wnwdollwym6pp42bqj 552030 552029 2024-12-05T06:29:10Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers. m1wxq957qftg36b6wkwdt8uk30o7840 552031 552030 2024-12-05T06:29:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. ocfgukwu9gyd6hn14l7r3ctn8dnb248 552032 552031 2024-12-05T06:30:11Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay. 8heh5gudstwwvo79ze3y0801tmfa84i 552033 552032 2024-12-05T06:30:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro. ic2pezpmvoc23g06cllvwmckqdmsl7d 552034 552033 2024-12-05T06:31:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu. 8ipl41a2w9mzgf94ae9ptifc62ztoih 552035 552034 2024-12-05T06:31:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa. 2q8bz101h3kclnbuy920mg1szm3tszz 552036 552035 2024-12-05T06:32:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun. 9cta9g37rxknqajvvt3x43ijsujstcd 552037 552036 2024-12-05T06:32:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. 3g3u56c5beaighhouximdicbjo1t4ec 552038 552037 2024-12-05T06:33:10Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci. d7j5dlz7zhhlw8i5w1fcina3p2une9v 552039 552038 2024-12-05T06:33:31Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> hah64ahv5wqpda3grv0gaav5nl95oe7 552040 552039 2024-12-05T06:34:02Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys. 8ys9zh0c7ehf5gscx1y1lypm25ycukl 552041 552040 2024-12-05T06:34:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref> mrf5v9u3k6pwokyxk42i2twljilw1g0 552042 552041 2024-12-05T06:35:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli. n42ju7teomqczauw8qd142xgmejs54c 552043 552042 2024-12-05T06:35:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref> 09lmvkvg71u49b5dhl2g4pqcxxczz93 552044 552043 2024-12-05T06:36:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba. qgaayggvxecgbbytkjhu8gvdhc8qcwc 552045 552044 2024-12-05T06:36:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> t16uqwqhprz6hpdfev2u60st07iydhm 552046 552045 2024-12-05T06:37:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016. mnb108q75buos6pxrxd4xdf4mfalehf 552047 552046 2024-12-05T06:38:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> 5lxfe5e30e8ggzhru56kpb1yd1cvxop 552048 552047 2024-12-05T06:38:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== bmt4uj4eezo8ofjzo4amu3pv7ueyn9b 552049 552048 2024-12-05T06:39:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2. 2yspuhq2f68ee4ivkdbepa8loctl63k 552050 552049 2024-12-05T06:39:40Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> lfysu4ye2kuujhgsm08y9cda0zuk5if 552051 552050 2024-12-05T06:40:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== nzb203a5pr7fmg9zx4f18kk9cpugk6u 552052 552051 2024-12-05T06:40:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne. iv1iu09kqziirmu1ivx9hbmkw0o7290 552053 552052 2024-12-05T06:41:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa. gybo2lngmxrto8v2brkucbbjh3sawbq 552054 552053 2024-12-05T06:41:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels. cpamxfypym28dlx9pnl2sqqt60qq17b 552055 552054 2024-12-05T06:42:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans. 40c1eko6f213n587f4fsjadwnxgc8oi 552056 552055 2024-12-05T06:42:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans.<ref>http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_chris00.html</ref> klje1613zwv9n48osw231qqap49mzbh 552057 552056 2024-12-05T06:43:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans.<ref>http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_chris00.html</ref> Kiffin ya mutu a Oxford, Mississippi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 84. ndfry773jevwd9x8wwmze6k2c66lke0 552058 552057 2024-12-05T06:43:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans.<ref>http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_chris00.html</ref> Kiffin ya mutu a Oxford, Mississippi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 84.<ref>https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-nfl-defensive-coordinator-monte-kiffin-has-died</ref> 3900bd58nfjd29lq48k8tcnol86awy1 552059 552058 2024-12-05T06:45:00Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans.<ref>http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_chris00.html</ref> Kiffin ya mutu a Oxford, Mississippi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 84.<ref>https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-nfl-defensive-coordinator-monte-kiffin-has-died</ref> ==Head coaching record== 9a14mxotliy9cwj53roh1g5899xc4rl 552061 552059 2024-12-05T06:48:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monte George Kiffin''' (Fabrairu 29, 1940 - Yuli 11, 2024) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa na tsaro a ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsara tsaro a tarihin NFL. Uban tsaron da aka kwaikwayi "Tampa 2", ra'ayoyin Kiffin suna cikin mafi tasiri a kwalejin zamani da ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152533/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/football/bucs/article950448.ece</ref> Ya shafe kusan shekaru 30 a matsayin mataimakin kocin NFL, gami da shekaru 13 a matsayin mai kula da tsaro na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, tare da wanda ya ci Super Bowl XXXVII.Ƙungiyoyin tsaronsa sun gama matsayi a cikin manyan 10 a cikin maki da aka yarda da yadudduka da aka ba da izinin sau 10 a wannan lokacin, rikodin NFL.<ref>http://tbo.com/sports/breaking-news-sports/2008/dec/14/kiffin-confirms-hes-leaving-bucs-ar-115850/</ref>Daga baya a cikin aikinsa, ya yi aiki tare da ɗansa Lane, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin na manyan shirye-shiryen kwaleji.Kiffin ya sami rahoton albashi na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a lokacin da yake tare da Buccaneers kuma ya ƙi wasu ayyukan horarwa na NFL yayin aikinsa.Babban aikin horar da shi shine a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina daga 1980 zuwa 1982. ==Sana'a== Wani ɗan ƙasar Lexington, Nebraska, Kiffin ya kasance abin zagi da tsaro a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln daga 1959 zuwa 1963.A cikin 1966, ya buga wasanni 8 tare da Toronto Rifles na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya kuma ya kasance memba na Brooklyn Dodgers na gasar guda ɗaya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Kiffin ya koma Nebraska a matsayin kocin tsaro. Kiffin shine mai kula da harkokin tsaro a Nebraska karkashin fitaccen koci, Bob Devaney. Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Ya horar da tsaron Nebraska's 1970 da 1971 baya-baya da kungiyoyin zakarun kasa da ba su ci nasara ba.Bayan haka aka zaɓi kodineta mai cin zarafi Tom Osborne a matsayin babban koci a 1973, Kiffin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro.A cikin 1977, ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas, sannan a cikin 1980, ya sami aikin horarwa daya tilo a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina. Bayan lokacinsa a Jihar NC, Kiffin ya fara jerin gajerun hanyoyi a cikin NFL don Green Bay Packers, Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings (sau biyu), New York Jets, da New Orleans Saints.A cikin 1996, ya zama mai kula da tsaro na Buccaneers. Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030949/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_monte00.html</ref> Bayan da Tony Dungy ya kori daga ofishin Buccaneer na gaba bayan kakar 2001, babban kocin Jon Gruden mai shigowa ya lallashe Kiffin ya ci gaba da zama a Tampa kuma ya ci gaba da kare kansa.An yi hira da Kiffin don matsayin koci tare da San Francisco 49ers.Tare da sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba game da tsaro yana barin sababbin ma'aikatan horarwa su mai da hankali kan falsafar da ta fi dacewa, sakamakon ya kasance daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin laifi da tsaro wanda ya kai Buccaneers zuwa gasar farko ta kungiyar a Super Bowl XXXVII a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2003. in San Diego, California. Rikici ya dabaibaye tafiyar Kiffin daga Tampa Bay.Bayan Lane Kiffin ya rattaba hannu tare da Tennessee, Tampa ta yawanci ba ta da aikin tsaro.Bucs sun yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu na karshe na kakar 2008, sun ƙare 9–7, kuma sun rasa wasanninsu.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Gruden ya ki barin Kiffin ya sanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Tennessee a tsakiyar kakar wasa.An yi zargin cewa Kiffin ya ki shiga tarurrukan horarwa na yau da kullun.Kiffin ko Jon Gruden ba su fito fili suka tattauna waɗannan abubuwan ba. Monte ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California mai horar da ma'aikatan a matsayin mai kula da tsaro, bayan dansa Lane Kiffin ya zama babban koci.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/01/13/SPVJ1BHD27.DTL</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2013, bayan kakar wasan NFL ta 2012, an ɗauki Kiffin a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsaro na Dallas Cowboys.<ref>Kavner, Rowan. "Monte Kiffin Officially Hired As Cowboys' D-Coordinator". DallasCowboys.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.</ref>An rage darajar Kiffin a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2014, don goyon bayan kocin layin tsaro Rod Marinelli.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/10367651/monte-kiffin-loses-dallas-cowboys-defensive-coordinator-title-rod-marinelli</ref>A ƙarshen kakar 2014 an ba da izinin kwangilar Kiffin ta ƙare, kuma Cowboys ba su sabunta shi ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150908205516/http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/02/no-surprise-monte-kiffin-wont-return-to-cowboys.html/</ref> Kiffin ya shiga Jacksonville Jaguars a matsayin mataimaki na tsaro a cikin Maris 2016.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231216/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645951/article/jaguars-hire-defensive-coaching-legend-monte-kiffin</ref> ==Falsafar tsaro== Monte Kiffin shine mai tsara tsarin Tampa 2, wanda shine ɗan gyare-gyaren tsarin Cover 2.<ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40543029/long-nfl-dc-monte-kiffin-dies-age-84</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== 'Ya'yan Kiffin duk masu horar da kwallon kafa ne.Babban dansa, Lane, ya buga kwallon kafa a Jihar Fresno kafin ya shiga aikin horarwa.Ya kasance babban kocin Oakland Raiders, Tennessee Volunteers, USC Trojans, da Florida Atlantic Owls, mai ba da horo na cin zarafi da kocin kwata-kwata na Alabama Crimson Tide kuma a halin yanzu shine babban kocin Ole Miss Rebels.Ƙananan ɗansa, Chris, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jihar Colorado kuma kwanan nan shine kocin layin baya na Houston Texans.<ref>http://www.olemisssports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/kiffin_chris00.html</ref> Kiffin ya mutu a Oxford, Mississippi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 84.<ref>https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-nfl-defensive-coordinator-monte-kiffin-has-died</ref> ==MANAZARTA== 8ezvsdbzkzpflef7hvalpb9oat05y3f 3 88547 551954 2024-12-04T21:25:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551954 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Proofreader! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Proofreader|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) kzvuxsppvrej4er62wsf3rzktv4umiz 3 88548 551955 2024-12-04T21:25:40Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551955 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mr.modra! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mr.modra|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) blw7ttz7fn41aoiw10q6q1r48d3t12h 3 88549 551956 2024-12-04T21:25:50Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551956 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Johannespopannes! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Johannespopannes|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) s69sa8atmoza286mn2t1suf75hy6jof 3 88550 551957 2024-12-04T21:26:00Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551957 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Adbullah26! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Adbullah26|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) emzp2uouqahaqq61hxf7xey4f068hlr 3 88551 551958 2024-12-04T21:26:10Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551958 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tommy Igiel! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tommy Igiel|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) e5dnkdmuhzxacsv63m7fwlejkk39qs9 3 88552 551959 2024-12-04T21:26:20Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551959 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Maryam ibrahim Abdullahi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Maryam ibrahim Abdullahi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) rli6om6y7xz9aq3rqgvc7d3oai7b9pd 3 88553 551960 2024-12-04T21:26:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551960 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Akpakipoki! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Akpakipoki|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) ic3tx0nca662dzcgg4l2w8v3pds34ct 3 88554 551961 2024-12-04T21:26:40Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551961 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, UyghurGauss! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/UyghurGauss|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) oicefjk1xayd32qvlwrsb0xi3geukt1 3 88555 551962 2024-12-04T21:26:50Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551962 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Codewithstephen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Codewithstephen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) l7ksth0i5eblllwej2v5hpix4gb1ze4 3 88556 551963 2024-12-04T21:27:00Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551963 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wolfy0X! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wolfy0X|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) i2s2kvh1d5dv74lu7veta4lpenmrkwr 3 88557 551964 2024-12-04T21:27:10Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551964 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DrGiRu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DrGiRu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) mint1bfqjr2940r2vbz20iimpzss0h5 3 88558 551965 2024-12-04T21:27:20Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551965 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Cat2048! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Cat2048|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) p8affdbtbu1phjw3xb5onka3uytu8kn 3 88559 551966 2024-12-04T21:27:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551966 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Simavin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Simavin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) o0pssj1aqbicy3y02xljtirsa5d2ijx 3 88560 551967 2024-12-04T21:27:40Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551967 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jmmgakuen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jmmgakuen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) lnbimlb69xk8jmydb0ct0lcoz9pjcsl 3 88561 551968 2024-12-04T21:27:50Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 551968 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fernandabontcheff! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fernandabontcheff|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 Disamba 2024 (UTC) 6wuglpna9djj6gpigzqghpm9xcmld8m 0 88562 551971 2024-12-04T21:58:08Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259437427|Fezeka Loliwe]]" 551971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fezeka Sister Loliwe''' (17 ga Agusta 1964 - 5 Maris 2018) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin 2014 da mutuwarta a 2018. Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata a lokacin mutuwarta. Loliwe ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Loliwe a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1964 a ƙauyen Frankfort a wajen Sarki Williamstown a Gabashin Cape na yau. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta halarci Kwalejin Ilimi na Lennox Sebe (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Griffiths Mxenge College of Education), amma an kore ta a matsayin daliba a 1986 saboda shiga ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata. Daga baya za ta ci gaba da samun cancantar koyarwa a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Dr WB Rubusana da ke Mdantsane a wajen Gabashin London . <ref name="Polity" /> == Sana'ar siyasa == === Shiga cikin SADTU === Bayan horarwa a matsayin malami, Loliwe ya zama memba na Kungiyar Malamai Demokaradiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu . Daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da wurin kuma mataimakiyar sakatariyar wani reshen SADTU. Loliwe zai ci gaba da zama shugaban kungiyar nan ba da jimawa ba, ya zama Mataimakin Sakatare na Lardi, sakatariyar lardi na riko, sakatariyar lardi, kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaban SADTU kan harkokin wasanni, fasaha da al’adu. === Sana'a a Majalisar Wakilan Afirka === Loliwe ta fara aiki ne a jam'iyyar African National Congress a matsayin sakatariyar reshen jam'iyyar a Sarki Williamstown. A lokacin rasuwarta, ta kasance mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam’iyyar reshen yankin Dr WB Rubasana. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Yin aiki a cikin SACP === Loliwe ta kasance mamba a kwamitin zartarwa na lardin (PEC) da kwamitin ayyuka na lardin (PWC) na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu a gabashin Cape har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar a watan Yulin 2012 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 13. An sake zaɓe ta zuwa wani wa'adin shekaru biyar a kwamitin tsakiya a watan Yulin 2017 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 14. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin majalisa == A shekara ta 2014, an zabi Loliwe a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta Kudu, yana matsayi na 11 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC a gabashin Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC's provincial to national list for 2014 elections - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/ancs-provincial-to-national-list-for-2014-election |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta a kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata bayan an rantsar da ita. <ref name="PA">{{Cite web |title=Fezeka Sister Loliwe |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/fezeka-sister-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Binciken Majalisar Dokoki na SABC. <ref name="PA" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta gaba, an zabe ta shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Kwadago bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin bulala na kwamitin na tsawon shekaru hudu. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Supported Employment Enterprises performance; COSATU Memorandum; Election of Chairperson {{!}} PMG |url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/25314/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=pmg.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Loliwe ya kasance bulala na kwamitin ladabtarwa na jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe dies in car accident |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/prominent-anc-eastern-cape-official-dies-in-car-accident-20180305 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Loliwe ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 5 ga Maris 2018 kusa da garin Alice a Gabashin Cape . Ta kasance tana kan hanyarta ta [[Jeep Cherokee]] zuwa Gabashin Landan daga mazabarta ta majalisar dokoki a Fort Beaufort . Tana cikin ciccika wata motar amma ta rasa yadda zatayi a lokacin da tayi yunkurin komawa layinta. Motarta ta bar hanya, ta bi wata gada kafin ta juye ta sauka a bakin kogi mai laka. Tana da shekaru 53 a lokacin rasuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC parliamentarian killed in accident |url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2018-03-06-anc-parliamentarian-killed-in-accident/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=DispatchLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 11 ga Maris 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-16 |title=Final send off for ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/final-send-off-anc-mp-fezeka-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar majalisar ANC ta biyu da ta mutu cikin wata guda; daya kuma ita ce [[Beatrice Ngcobo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heerden |first=Pierce Van |date=2018-03-07 |title=Two ANC MPs die in less than one month |url=https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/two-anc-mps-die-in-less-than-one-month/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bloemfontein Courant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 0mbhr9nomp0td5tdd5lle70ms55uofg 551972 551971 2024-12-04T21:59:42Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 551972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fezeka Sister Loliwe''' (17 ga Agusta 1964 - 5 Maris 2018) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin 2014 da mutuwarta a 2018. Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata a lokacin mutuwarta. Loliwe ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Loliwe a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1964 a ƙauyen Frankfort a wajen Sarki Williamstown a Gabashin Cape na yau. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta halarci Kwalejin Ilimi na Lennox Sebe (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Griffiths Mxenge College of Education), amma an kore ta a matsayin daliba a 1986 saboda shiga ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata. Daga baya za ta ci gaba da samun cancantar koyarwa a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Dr WB Rubusana da ke Mdantsane a wajen Gabashin London . <ref name="Polity" /> == Sana'ar siyasa == === Shiga cikin SADTU === Bayan horarwa a matsayin malami, Loliwe ya zama memba na Kungiyar Malamai Demokaradiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu . Daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da wurin kuma mataimakiyar sakatariyar wani reshen SADTU. Loliwe zai ci gaba da zama shugaban kungiyar nan ba da jimawa ba, ya zama Mataimakin Sakatare na Lardi, sakatariyar lardi na riko, sakatariyar lardi, kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaban SADTU kan harkokin wasanni, fasaha da al’adu. === Sana'a a Majalisar Wakilan Afirka === Loliwe ta fara aiki ne a jam'iyyar African National Congress a matsayin sakatariyar reshen jam'iyyar a Sarki Williamstown. A lokacin rasuwarta, ta kasance mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam’iyyar reshen yankin Dr WB Rubasana. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Yin aiki a cikin SACP === Loliwe ta kasance mamba a kwamitin zartarwa na lardin (PEC) da kwamitin ayyuka na lardin (PWC) na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu a gabashin Cape har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar a watan Yulin 2012 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 13. An sake zaɓe ta zuwa wani wa'adin shekaru biyar a kwamitin tsakiya a watan Yulin 2017 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 14. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin majalisa == A shekara ta 2014, an zabi Loliwe a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta Kudu, yana matsayi na 11 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC a gabashin Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC's provincial to national list for 2014 elections - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/ancs-provincial-to-national-list-for-2014-election |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta a kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata bayan an rantsar da ita. <ref name="PA">{{Cite web |title=Fezeka Sister Loliwe |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/fezeka-sister-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Binciken Majalisar Dokoki na SABC. <ref name="PA" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta gaba, an zabe ta shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Kwadago bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin bulala na kwamitin na tsawon shekaru hudu. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Supported Employment Enterprises performance; COSATU Memorandum; Election of Chairperson {{!}} PMG |url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/25314/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=pmg.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Loliwe ya kasance bulala na kwamitin ladabtarwa na jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe dies in car accident |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/prominent-anc-eastern-cape-official-dies-in-car-accident-20180305 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Loliwe ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 5 ga Maris 2018 kusa da garin Alice a Gabashin Cape . Ta kasance tana kan hanyarta ta [[Jeep Cherokee]] zuwa Gabashin Landan daga mazabarta ta majalisar dokoki a Fort Beaufort . Tana cikin ciccika wata motar amma ta rasa yadda zatayi a lokacin da tayi yunkurin komawa layinta. Motarta ta bar hanya, ta bi wata gada kafin ta juye ta sauka a bakin kogi mai laka. Tana da shekaru 53 a lokacin rasuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC parliamentarian killed in accident |url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2018-03-06-anc-parliamentarian-killed-in-accident/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=DispatchLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 11 ga Maris 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-16 |title=Final send off for ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/final-send-off-anc-mp-fezeka-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar majalisar ANC ta biyu da ta mutu cikin wata guda; daya kuma ita ce [[Beatrice Ngcobo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heerden |first=Pierce Van |date=2018-03-07 |title=Two ANC MPs die in less than one month |url=https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/two-anc-mps-die-in-less-than-one-month/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bloemfontein Courant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] krt0zsce19ucwxy4rr4ozkgqsp0olov 551973 551972 2024-12-04T22:03:26Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da ilimi */ 551973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fezeka Sister Loliwe''' (17 ga Agusta 1964 - 5 Maris 2018) 'yar siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ce kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilan Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin 2014 da mutuwarta a 2018. Ta kasance shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata a lokacin mutuwarta. Loliwe ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Loliwe a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1964 a ƙauyen Frankfort a wajen Sarki Williamstown a Gabashin Cape na yau. <ref> name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta halarci Kwalejin Ilimi na Lennox Sebe (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Griffiths Mxenge College of Education), amma an kore ta a matsayin daliba a 1986 saboda shiga ayyukan yaki da wariyar launin fata. Daga baya za ta ci gaba da samun cancantar koyarwa a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Dr WB Rubusana da ke Mdantsane a wajen Gabashin London . <ref name="Polity" /> == Sana'ar siyasa == === Shiga cikin SADTU === Bayan horarwa a matsayin malami, Loliwe ya zama memba na Kungiyar Malamai Demokaradiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu . Daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da wurin kuma mataimakiyar sakatariyar wani reshen SADTU. Loliwe zai ci gaba da zama shugaban kungiyar nan ba da jimawa ba, ya zama Mataimakin Sakatare na Lardi, sakatariyar lardi na riko, sakatariyar lardi, kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaban SADTU kan harkokin wasanni, fasaha da al’adu. === Sana'a a Majalisar Wakilan Afirka === Loliwe ta fara aiki ne a jam'iyyar African National Congress a matsayin sakatariyar reshen jam'iyyar a Sarki Williamstown. A lokacin rasuwarta, ta kasance mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam’iyyar reshen yankin Dr WB Rubasana. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Yin aiki a cikin SACP === Loliwe ta kasance mamba a kwamitin zartarwa na lardin (PEC) da kwamitin ayyuka na lardin (PWC) na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu a gabashin Cape har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar a watan Yulin 2012 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 13. An sake zaɓe ta zuwa wani wa'adin shekaru biyar a kwamitin tsakiya a watan Yulin 2017 a babban taron jam'iyyar karo na 14. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Aikin majalisa == A shekara ta 2014, an zabi Loliwe a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta Kudu, yana matsayi na 11 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC a gabashin Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC's provincial to national list for 2014 elections - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/ancs-provincial-to-national-list-for-2014-election |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta a kwamitin Fayil kan Ma'aikata bayan an rantsar da ita. <ref name="PA">{{Cite web |title=Fezeka Sister Loliwe |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/fezeka-sister-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ta zama memba na Kwamitin Binciken Majalisar Dokoki na SABC. <ref name="PA" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta gaba, an zabe ta shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan Kwadago bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin bulala na kwamitin na tsawon shekaru hudu. <ref name="Polity">{{Cite web |title=SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.polity.org.za/article/sacp-sacp-lowers-its-flag-from-the-summit-to-half-mast-in-memory-of-its-central-committee-member-fezeka-loliwe-2018-03-05 "SACP: SACP lowers its flag from the summit to half-mast in memory of its Central Committee Member, Fezeka Loliwe"]. ''www.polity.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Supported Employment Enterprises performance; COSATU Memorandum; Election of Chairperson {{!}} PMG |url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/25314/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=pmg.org.za |language=en}}</ref> Loliwe ya kasance bulala na kwamitin ladabtarwa na jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe dies in car accident |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/prominent-anc-eastern-cape-official-dies-in-car-accident-20180305 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Loliwe ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 5 ga Maris 2018 kusa da garin Alice a Gabashin Cape . Ta kasance tana kan hanyarta ta [[Jeep Cherokee]] zuwa Gabashin Landan daga mazabarta ta majalisar dokoki a Fort Beaufort . Tana cikin ciccika wata motar amma ta rasa yadda zatayi a lokacin da tayi yunkurin komawa layinta. Motarta ta bar hanya, ta bi wata gada kafin ta juye ta sauka a bakin kogi mai laka. Tana da shekaru 53 a lokacin rasuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC parliamentarian killed in accident |url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2018-03-06-anc-parliamentarian-killed-in-accident/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=DispatchLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 11 ga Maris 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-16 |title=Final send off for ANC MP Fezeka Loliwe |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/final-send-off-anc-mp-fezeka-loliwe/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar majalisar ANC ta biyu da ta mutu cikin wata guda; daya kuma ita ce [[Beatrice Ngcobo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heerden |first=Pierce Van |date=2018-03-07 |title=Two ANC MPs die in less than one month |url=https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/two-anc-mps-die-in-less-than-one-month/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bloemfontein Courant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 35p1nvdt5zyo6ox0ildh6cxoe88slp3 0 88563 552000 2024-12-05T05:19:31Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259450012|Winnie Madikizela-Mandela]]" 552000 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife shi '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref> <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar, <ref name="independentDivorceLonliestMan" /> yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link>Ta <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">cewa</span></nowiki>''</sup> masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nvb9hlgmah1a8txyodxp0cj1hzc9367 552001 552000 2024-12-05T05:21:06Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Komawa siyasa */ 552001 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife shi '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref> <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar, <ref name="independentDivorceLonliestMan" /> yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n7mme12tltdcr7iqle0d2tj42d6tk4d 552002 552001 2024-12-05T05:23:53Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552002 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife shi '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar, <ref name="independentDivorceLonliestMan" /> yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d2p1jep4rwzbtheegkamgwkzuh4fn0j 552003 552002 2024-12-05T05:25:03Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Auren Nelson Mandela */ 552003 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife shi '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar,yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oa9rja5yo9l6ldlojz5cs7zzecgnedw 552004 552003 2024-12-05T05:25:40Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife shi '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar,yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8ks9kt2gzq3vs08kb4wyezgbwpzsn9c 552014 552004 2024-12-05T06:08:50Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' OLS MP (an haife ta '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela''' ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> kuma aka fi sani da '''Winnie Mandela''', yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar [[Nelson Mandela]] ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, <ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2018/04/7-powerful-quotes-by-winnnie-madikizela.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=WaAfrika Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, [[Gallazawa|suna azabtar da su]], an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> <ref name="mdmStatement160289">{{Cite web |last=kyle |date=22 February 2016 |title=Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408054018/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/statement-by-mass-democratic-movement-on-winnie-mandela |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. <ref name="polticsWebAncMufcStatement1989">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/what-anc-said-about-winnie-mufc-and-stompie-at-the |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. <ref name="ghostsPoliticsweb">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/winnie-madikizelamandela-and-the-ghosts-of-crimes- |website=Politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="independentBodiesExhumed">{{Cite web |last=Tay |first=Nastasya |date=12 March 2013 |title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="moruduBliveAccountability" /> wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. <ref name="independentObitMotherMugger" /> <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita. Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their [[Saki|divorce]] was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.<ref name="brandSouthAfrica2009JacobZumaPresidency">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2009 |title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Brandsouthafrica.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Madikizela-Mandela's [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]] sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana. Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi [[Johannesburg]] don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] . <ref name="news24graduatewits">{{Cite web |title=Winnie graduates after 38yrs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125259/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Winnie-graduates-after-38yrs-20050518 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da [[Johannesburg]] . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto . == Auren Nelson Mandela ==   Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata [[Nelson Mandela]] a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. <ref name="wpost3decades">{{Cite web |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/02/winnie-and-nelson-mandelas-marriage-survived-three-decades-of-prison-but-not-freedom/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar,yana mai cewa "...&nbsp;Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan)&nbsp;– rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci&nbsp;– an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta. Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Derwin |date=22 June 1994 |title='Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela |url=http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113225/http://derwinpereiramedia.com/singapore/derwin-pereira-invest-to-rebuild-s-africa-call-by-winnie-mandela.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=Pretoria}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404142236/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnie-loses-appeal-in-battle-for-madibas-qunu-homestead-20180119 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sifile |first=Lindile |date=4 April 2018 |title=#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/winniemandela-bodyguard-reveals-her-final-moments-14232423 |website=The Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mama Winnie's dying wish |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1877378/mama-winnies-dying-wish-still-unfulfilled-2/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> == Apartheid: 1963-1985 == Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort. Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta ''na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69'' ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=/people/mandela_nw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015912/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?doc=%2Fpeople%2Fmandela_nw.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[African National Congress]] |quote=In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.}}</ref> kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. <ref name="ftObit" /> Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger <ref name="iolPerlmanObit">{{Cite web |title=Operation Hunger founder dies |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/operation-hunger-founder-dies-1330353 |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}</ref> da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, <ref name="saHistoryAsvat">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. <ref name="momiatBdAssessment">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-19-yunus-momoniat-winnie-and-sa-deserve-an-honest-assessment/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga [[Jacob Zuma]] a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:<blockquote>Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2008 |title=Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=108395&sn=Detail |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref></blockquote>Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. <ref name="charleneSmithConscienceMercury">{{Cite web |title=Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid |url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/opinion-the-conscience-of-a-nation-that-has-forgotten-apartheid-14240988 |publisher=The Mercury}}</ref> == Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka == A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> === Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989 === Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da [[Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu|Congress of African Trade Unions]] (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez" /> Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. <ref name="saHistoryMandelaHome">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234857/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/winnie-mandela039s-soweto-home-reported-burnt-down |archive-date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, <ref name="bdFramedFromTheGrave">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2018 |title=Editorial: Framed from the grave |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-04-17-editorial-framed-from-the-grave/ |website=Business Day}}</ref> da kuma bayan sace Seipei, <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> UDF (a cikin rigar ''Mass Democratic Movement'', ko MDM), <ref name="mgJacobs2018" /> "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam.&nbsp;... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" <ref name="latimesUdfDisown">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=17 February 1989 |title=S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-17-mn-2781-story.html |website=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="nyTimesShedGuards">{{cite news |last=Times |first=John D. Battersby and Special To the New York |date=19 February 1989 |title=Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/19/world/winnie-mandela-agrees-to-shed-guards.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/udf-disowns-winnie-mandela |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. <ref name="isolatingCollectiveTimes2018">{{Cite web |last=Dlamini |first=Penwell |date=16 April 2018 |title=Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-04-16-isolating-madikizela-mandela-was-not-my-decision-alone-says--mufamadi/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> ==== Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala ==== A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2011 |title=TRC Episode 12, Part 02 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-QO2J8Pz9I |publisher=SABC}}</ref> An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> ==== Kashe Seipei da Asvat ====   A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, <ref name="verrynNews24Intertwined">{{Cite web |last=Bornman |first=Jan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065648/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/bishop-paul-verryn-on-how-his-and-madikizela-mandelas-lives-were-intricately-intertwined-20180403 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. <ref name="mg2013bodies">{{Cite web |last=Wet |first=Phillip De |date=15 March 2013 |title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie |website=Mail&Globe}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, <ref name="saHistoryKatizaTrcTestify">{{Cite web |last=sahoboss |date=16 March 2011 |title=Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-member-mandela-united-football-club-katiza-cebekhulu-appears-trc |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa [[Zambiya|Zambia]] kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. <ref name="trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick">{{Cite web |last=Trewhela |first=Paul |date=6 April 2018 |title=The moral problem of Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/ |website=Dailymaverick.co.za}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. <ref name="guardianWinnieGuiltyFraud2003">{{Cite web |last=Staff and agencies |date=24 April 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/24/southafrica |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, <ref name="saHistoryAsvatBio">{{Cite web |last=michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Dr. Abu Baker Asvat |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-abu-baker-asvat |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela. A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sydneymufamadi-denies-allegations-in-winnie-documentary-14468928 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-sydney-mufamadi-addresses-claims-in-winnie-madikizela-mandela-documentary-20180416 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da ''Vanity Fair'' ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. <ref name="ntsebezaNews24Documentary">{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Amanda |title=Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418095811/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dumisa-ntsebeza-accuses-winnie-documentary-maker-of-having-no-regard-for-our-people-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. <ref name="mandlaSabcProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |last=Nthakoana Ngatane |date=20 January 2018 |title=EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/eff-accuses-mandla-mandela-vindictiveness/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |publisher=SABC News}}</ref> <ref name="mandlaEncaProbeMurdersCall">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407055124/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/mandla-mandela-wants-inquest-into-deaths-of-stompie-seipie-dr-asvat |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Enca.com}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat. A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei. === Binciken TRC === Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." <ref name="truth-commission">{{Cite web |date=29 October 1998 |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 |access-date=10 July 2010}}</ref> Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma [[Birtaniya]], ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. <ref name="truth-commission" /> TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa [[Botswana]] . <ref name="truth-commission" /> Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. <ref name="moruduBliveAccountability">{{Cite web |last=Morudu |first=Palesa |date=13 April 2018 |title=Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413095757/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-04-13-has-truth-become-a-casualty-of-winnies-rejection-of-accountability/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |website=Business Day}}</ref> <ref name="truth-commission" /> == Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003 == [[Fayil:Nelson_Mandela_Alberto_Chissano_Winnie_Mandela_Cidalia_Chissano_in_Museu_Galeria_Chissano,_Matola,_Mozambique.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990]] A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. <ref name="nprDayNelsonWalked">{{Cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |date=27 June 2013 |title=The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/06/11/190671704/the-day-nelson-mandela-walked-out-of-prison |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. <ref name="independentUnfaithfulness">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/letter-to-lover-spells-trouble-for-winnie-1549863.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> <ref name="pastDarkCloudDispatch">{{Cite web |last=Gqulu |first=Kanyo |date=6 November 2014 |title=Winnie's past a dark cloud |url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/opinion/2014/11/06/winnies-past-a-dark-cloud/ |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . <ref name="wapoResurrected1994">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Mary Ann |date=30 April 1994 |title=The Resurrected Winnie Mandela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/04/30/the-resurrected-winnie-mandela/69010af8-2657-4846-a60b-1a595f5089d1/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar. Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. <ref name="sapaSaveFace">{{Cite web |date=17 December 1997 |title=Winnie saves face at conference |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1997%5C9712/s971217c.htm |publisher=South African Press Association (SAPA)}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021}}</ref> Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni". A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek" /> Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. <ref name="iolHideAndSeek">{{Cite web |title=Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/parliament-fed-up-with-winnies-hide-and-seek-102737 |publisher=IOL News}}</ref> <ref name="paAttendenceRecord">{{Cite web |title=Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/nomzamo-winfred-madikizela-mandela/ |website=People's Assembly}}</ref> == Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007 == A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2779509.stm |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/winnie-wins-over-wits-hostage-taker-100801 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keyser |first=Antoinette |date=5 February 2003 |title=Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/student-arrested-as-wits-hostage-drama-ends-101119 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=Iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2003 |title=Winnie Mandela saves the day |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2732351.stm |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC. A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun [[Pretoria]] ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida. == Komawa siyasa == [[Fayil:Winnie_Mandela00.jpg|right|thumb|Madikizela-Mandela in 2008]] Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845. Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2018}}</link> Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta. Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash" /> <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . <ref name="jMalalaAttemptsDontWash">{{Cite web |last=Malala |first=Justice |date=16 April 2018 |title=ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash |url=https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192503/https://select.timeslive.co.za/news/2018-04-16-ancs-attempts-to-honour-winnie-just-dont-wash/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Times Live}}</ref> Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters . === 2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul === A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin". Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. <ref name="Madiba">{{Cite web |last=Williams, Murray |last2=Kgosana, Caiphus |name-list-style=amp |date=9 March 2010 |title=South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down" |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100309120838574C472618&singlepage=1}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne. == Mutuwa da jana'iza == [[Fayil:Flag_at_half-mast_at_South_African_Embassy_in_Tokyo.jpg|thumb| Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018]] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2 April 2018 |title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2018 |title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/anti-apartheid-campaigner-winnie-mandela-dies-aged-81-11314143 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa <ref name="capturedByPopulistPoliticsduPreez">{{Cite web |last=Du Preez |first=Max |date=17 April 2018 |title=Winnie's death captured by populist politics |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418083632/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/MaxduPreez/winnies-legacy-captured-by-populist-politics-20180417 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=News24}}</ref> jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma]], <ref name="independent2018MartinMurderedSchoolboy">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Paul |date=13 April 2018 |title=Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-funeral-nelson-mandela-south-africa-stompie-seipei-apartheid-joyce-seipei-a8303561.html |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa". Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". <ref name="encaOfficialFuneralExplainer">{{Cite web |last=Toit |first=Christelle du |title=What does an official funeral in SA entail? |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161603/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/explainer-what-does-an-official-funeral-in-sa-entail |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2018 |website=Enca.com Explainer}}</ref> An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. <ref name="news24FuneralRift">{{Cite web |last=Cele |first=S’Thembile |last2=Hlengiwe Nhlabathi |title=Winnie's funeral rift |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415050250/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/winnies-funeral-rift-20180415-2 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=News24}}</ref> A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/watch-winniemandela-taken-to-her-final-resting-place-14440370 |publisher=IOL News |format=video}}</ref> Julius Malema <ref name="malemaRailsCitizen">{{Cite web |last=Hlatshaneni |first=Simnikiwe |date=14 April 2018 |title='They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1894115/they-are-here-malema-rails-against-winnies-traitors-at-funeral/ |website=The Citizen}}</ref> ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. <ref name="zenaniEwnFuneralHypocrites">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title='Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are' |url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/04/14/praising-mama-winnie-now-that-she-s-gone-shows-what-hypocrites-you-are |publisher=Eyewitness News}}</ref> Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. <ref name="takenRestingPlaceIol" /> Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". <ref name="ancRestraintAallegations">{{Cite web |last=Mashaba |first=Sibongile |last2=Feketha |first2=Siviwe |date=17 April 2018 |title=ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations |url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/anc-calls-for-restraint-over-winnie-allegations-14484247 |website=The Star}}</ref> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, ''Mandela'' . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna [[Nelson Mandela]] . A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga ''Titin Olifantsfontein'' zuwa ''titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela'' ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/528874/these-44-roads-in-ekurhuleni-are-getting-a-name-change-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a * Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata * ''Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela'', 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta q == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] arkuti2lgjkgsv9eunt08w2ebcllvdf 0 88564 552006 2024-12-05T05:45:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 552006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hamilton J. Nichols Jr'''. (Oktoba 18, 1924 - Yuli 6, 2013)<ref>"Hamilton Nichols Obituary (2013) Houston Chronicle"</ref> ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai gadi a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL). Ya buga wasanni uku na farko tare da Cardinals na Chicago. Bayan wani lokaci daga NFL, ya yi wasa tare da Green Bay Packers a lokacin lokacin 1951 NFL<ref>"Hamilton Nichols". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2010.</ref>. Nichols ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji don Rice Owls kuma ya kasance memba na 1944 College Football All-America Team. Packers ne suka fara tsara Nichols tare da zaɓi na 318th na daftarin 1945 NFL, amma har yanzu an yanke masa hukuncin bai cancanci zaɓi ba kuma zaɓin ya ɓace.<ref>George Strickler (ed.), The National Football League Record and Rules Manual, 1945. Chicago: National Football League, 1945; p. 93</ref> Cardinals ya tsara shi da kyau a cikin daftarin 1946 NFL ta Cardinals, waɗanda suka yi amfani da zaɓi na 26th gabaɗaya wajen yin zaɓin. == Manazarta == 4mniucsi03s9q2klpy6776z00u5y1vg 0 88565 552009 2024-12-05T05:52:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 552009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kouassi''' (an haife shi 17 Nuwamba 1989 a Bondoukou, Ivory Coast) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ivory Coast wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. A karshe ya bugawa I-League 2 ta Delhi. A cikin 2019, Kouassi ya fito fili lokacin da ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasa daya a gasar cin kofin Durand tare da Mohammedan Sporting a Kolkata.<ref>Chakraborty, Ratan (11 August 2019). "পাঁচ গোল করে ময়দানে নতুন ইতিহাস কোসির" [Kouassi became hero in Kolkata football after scoring five goals in a single match]. anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: Anandabazar Patrika. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023</ref> == Aiki == == '''Ƙungiya''' == A cikin 2012, Kouassi ya rattaba hannu kan Shenzhen, kafin ya koma Citizen AA na kakar 2013. Bayan barin Hong-Kong, Kouassi ya yi kakar wasanni uku a Philippines tare da Manila Jeepney da Global FC.<ref>Ulaanbaatar City FC Sign Ivorian Striker". mongolianfootball.com. Mongolian Football. 4 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</ref> A lokacin Kouassi tare da Global FC, sun kai ga wasan karshe na cin Kofin UFL na 2016,<ref>"Desnos Arthur Kouassi talks". fastbreak.com.ph. Fast Break. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2018</ref> inda suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a hannun Ceres. Bayan barin Global FC, Kouassi ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni goma sha uku na Chin United a gasar Myanmar National League a lokacin farkon rabin 2017. A cikin rabin na biyu na 2017, Kouassi ya shiga Ilocos United, inda ya zira kwallaye goma sha daya a wasanni ashirin kafin ya tafi a farkon 2018. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018, Ulaanbaatar City FC ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kouassi.<ref>"Ulaanbaatar City FC Sign Ivorian Striker". mongolianfootball.com. Mongolian Football. 4 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</ref> == '''Kasa da kasa''' == Kouassi ya wakilci Ivory Coast a matakin matasa a lokuta biyar.<ref>"Ulaanbaatar City FC Sign Ivorian Striker". ''mongolianfootball.com''. Mongolian Football. 4 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == gj5isej19q8a5rfbx8wsxstgkrmhaoz 0 88566 552010 2024-12-05T05:57:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 552010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aswani Rajbanshi''' dan wasan Cricket ne dan kasar Indiya. Ya buga wa Assam wasa. An haifi Rajbanshi a Pandu a Guwahati. Ya buga wasannin matakin farko na 19 don Assam daga 1954/55 zuwa 1964/65 kuma ya dauki wickets 88. Ya rasu a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2002.<ref>Aswani Rajbanshi". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2019.</ref> jj1lc5oozvb3vi39ob6jnetk832dhuo 552011 552010 2024-12-05T05:58:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 552011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aswani Rajbanshi''' dan wasan Cricket ne dan kasar Indiya. Ya buga wa Assam wasa. An haifi Rajbanshi a Pandu a Guwahati. Ya buga wasannin matakin farko na 19 don Assam daga 1954/55 zuwa 1964/65 kuma ya dauki wickets 88. Ya rasu a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2002.<ref>Aswani Rajbanshi". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2019.</ref> == Manazarta == p5x8d9iavjjtuk3yxpi8cbrnf4org4o 0 88567 552013 2024-12-05T06:03:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 Kirkirar sabuwar mukala 552013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jakob Forssmed''' (an haife shi 28 Disamba 1974) ɗan siyasan Sweden ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Jama'a da Lafiyar Jama'a a majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Ulf Kristersson tun daga Oktoba 2022.<ref>"Ulf Kristersson names ministers in his three-party government". 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022 – via Sveriges Radio.</ref><ref>Sweden's new Government". Government of Sweden. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</ref> Memba na Christian Democrats, ya kasance memba na majalisar dokoki tun 2014<ref>"Jakob Forssmed (KD) - Riksdagen". riksdagen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 20 November 2022.</ref> kuma mataimakin shugaban farko a karkashin Ebba Busch tun 2015.<ref>"Jakob Forssmed (KD) - Riksdagen". ''riksdagen.se'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 20 November 2022.</ref> Kafin shiga majalisar dokoki, Forssmed ya kasance sakataren jiha a sashin daidaitawa na ofishin Firayim Minista a lokacin majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista Fredrik Reinfeldt daga 2006 zuwa 2014<ref>"CV Jakob Forssmed". Regeringskansliet. 9 November 2022.</ref>. Ya kuma zama shugaban matasa Christian Democrats daga 2001 zuwa 2004.<ref>"CV Jakob Forssmed". ''Regeringskansliet''. 9 November 2022.</ref> == Manazarta == cgszbgscc0444eb6z5hbg8pq8ywl955 0 88568 552015 2024-12-05T06:13:28Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259437412|Zelda Jongbloed]]" 552015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zelda Jongbloed''' (née '''Erasmus''' ; 3 Oktoba 1950 - 21 Yuli 2018) tsohuwar ƴar jarida ce kuma ƴar siyasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don Democratic Alliance daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi da Inuwa Mataimakiyar Ministan Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa. Jongbloed ya yi aiki da ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' a manyan mukamai. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Zelda Erasmus a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1950 a babban kogin Brak a lardin Cape . Ta sami digiri na BA a fannin ilimi daga [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a aikin jarida daga [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . Ta kasance 'yar jarida tsawon shekaru 40. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga ''Cape Herald'' . A cikin 1976, ita da mijinta a lokacin sun fara jaridar ''Herald Het Suid Western'' mako-mako a garin George . A lokacin, ta kuma fara aiki da jaridar ''Rapport'' . A cikin 1979, an nada Jongbloed babban ɗan jarida a ''gidan maraice'' na yanzu da ke Port Elizabeth. Sannan wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ya dauke ta aiki a Namibiya kuma ta yi aiki na dogon lokaci a kamfanin. A cikin 1981, ta zama babban ɗan jarida a jaridar ''Rapport'' . A 1986, an nada ta editan ''Rapport Ekstra'' . Daga baya an kara da Jongbloed mukamin mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' . A cikin 2010, an nada ta editan riko na ''Die Burger'' Eastern Cape. Jongbloed ya kasance mawallafin siyasa na ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Ita ce marubucin nau'in mabukaci " ''Kampvegter'' " a cikin jaridar ''Die Burger'' . A 2012, ta sauka daga Naspers . A lokacin, Jongbloed ya kasance mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Bayan zabenta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a watan Mayun shekarar 2014, shugaban majalisar DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar noma, gandun daji da kamun kifi. An nada ta inuwar mataimakiyar ministar sabis da gudanarwa a watan Nuwamba 2016. Ta zauna a kwamitocin majalisa da dama. Kwamitocin sun hada da: Kwamitin Fayil kan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi, Kwamitin Fayil na Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa, da Kwamitin Kwamitin Mata na Jam'iyyu da yawa. == Mutuwa da gado == Jongbloed ta mutu ne sakamakon ciwon daji a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2018 a gidanta da ke unguwar Mowbray a birnin Cape Town. Ta kasance 67 a lokacin mutuwarta. Bayan rasuwarta, jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda suka yabawa Jongbloed. An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2018 a garinsu na Great Brak River . == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 5383xqz6cr3i45kb9cjgnzl720ihrnh 552016 552015 2024-12-05T06:14:04Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zelda Jongbloed''' (née '''Erasmus''' ; 3 Oktoba 1950 - 21 Yuli 2018) tsohuwar ƴar jarida ce kuma ƴar siyasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don Democratic Alliance daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi da Inuwa Mataimakiyar Ministan Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa. Jongbloed ya yi aiki da ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' a manyan mukamai. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Zelda Erasmus a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1950 a babban kogin Brak a lardin Cape . Ta sami digiri na BA a fannin ilimi daga [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a aikin jarida daga [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . Ta kasance 'yar jarida tsawon shekaru 40. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga ''Cape Herald'' . A cikin 1976, ita da mijinta a lokacin sun fara jaridar ''Herald Het Suid Western'' mako-mako a garin George . A lokacin, ta kuma fara aiki da jaridar ''Rapport'' . A cikin 1979, an nada Jongbloed babban ɗan jarida a ''gidan maraice'' na yanzu da ke Port Elizabeth. Sannan wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ya dauke ta aiki a Namibiya kuma ta yi aiki na dogon lokaci a kamfanin. A cikin 1981, ta zama babban ɗan jarida a jaridar ''Rapport'' . A 1986, an nada ta editan ''Rapport Ekstra'' . Daga baya an kara da Jongbloed mukamin mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' . A cikin 2010, an nada ta editan riko na ''Die Burger'' Eastern Cape. Jongbloed ya kasance mawallafin siyasa na ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Ita ce marubucin nau'in mabukaci " ''Kampvegter'' " a cikin jaridar ''Die Burger'' . A 2012, ta sauka daga Naspers . A lokacin, Jongbloed ya kasance mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Bayan zabenta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a watan Mayun shekarar 2014, shugaban majalisar DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar noma, gandun daji da kamun kifi. An nada ta inuwar mataimakiyar ministar sabis da gudanarwa a watan Nuwamba 2016. Ta zauna a kwamitocin majalisa da dama. Kwamitocin sun hada da: Kwamitin Fayil kan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi, Kwamitin Fayil na Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa, da Kwamitin Kwamitin Mata na Jam'iyyu da yawa. == Mutuwa da gado == Jongbloed ta mutu ne sakamakon ciwon daji a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2018 a gidanta da ke unguwar Mowbray a birnin Cape Town. Ta kasance 67 a lokacin mutuwarta. Bayan rasuwarta, jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda suka yabawa Jongbloed. An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2018 a garinsu na Great Brak River . == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] cuf47j16bz4eve9tt71xaydc5300mpx 552020 552016 2024-12-05T06:19:55Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zelda Jongbloed''' (née '''Erasmus''' ; 3 Oktoba 1950 - 21 Yuli 2018) tsohuwar ƴar jarida ce kuma ƴar siyasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa don Democratic Alliance daga 2014 zuwa 2018.<ref>Londt, Jaco. [https://www.knysnaplettherald.com/News/Article/Politics/the-da-has-lost-a-giant-today-201807210540 The DA has lost a giant today], Knysna-Plett Herald, 21 July 2018. Retrieved on 29 March 2019.</ref> Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi da Inuwa Mataimakiyar Ministan Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa. Jongbloed ya yi aiki da ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' a manyan mukamai. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Zelda Erasmus a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1950 a babban kogin Brak a lardin Cape . Ta sami digiri na BA a fannin ilimi daga [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a aikin jarida daga [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . Ta kasance 'yar jarida tsawon shekaru 40. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga ''Cape Herald'' . A cikin 1976, ita da mijinta a lokacin sun fara jaridar ''Herald Het Suid Western'' mako-mako a garin George . A lokacin, ta kuma fara aiki da jaridar ''Rapport'' . A cikin 1979, an nada Jongbloed babban ɗan jarida a ''gidan maraice'' na yanzu da ke Port Elizabeth. Sannan wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ya dauke ta aiki a Namibiya kuma ta yi aiki na dogon lokaci a kamfanin. A cikin 1981, ta zama babban ɗan jarida a jaridar ''Rapport'' . A 1986, an nada ta editan ''Rapport Ekstra'' . Daga baya an kara da Jongbloed mukamin mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' . A cikin 2010, an nada ta editan riko na ''Die Burger'' Eastern Cape. Jongbloed ya kasance mawallafin siyasa na ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Ita ce marubucin nau'in mabukaci " ''Kampvegter'' " a cikin jaridar ''Die Burger'' . A 2012, ta sauka daga Naspers . A lokacin, Jongbloed ya kasance mataimakin editan ''Rapport'' da ''Die Burger'' . Bayan zabenta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a watan Mayun shekarar 2014, shugaban majalisar DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar noma, gandun daji da kamun kifi. An nada ta inuwar mataimakiyar ministar sabis da gudanarwa a watan Nuwamba 2016. Ta zauna a kwamitocin majalisa da dama. Kwamitocin sun hada da: Kwamitin Fayil kan Noma, Gandun Daji da Kamun Kifi, Kwamitin Fayil na Ma'aikata da Gudanarwa, da Kwamitin Kwamitin Mata na Jam'iyyu da yawa. == Mutuwa da gado == Jongbloed ta mutu ne sakamakon ciwon daji a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2018 a gidanta da ke unguwar Mowbray a birnin Cape Town. Ta kasance 67 a lokacin mutuwarta. Bayan rasuwarta, jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda suka yabawa Jongbloed. An yi jana'izar ta a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2018 a garinsu na Great Brak River . == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] t5yjhlj5u2ajsadx25l4ne591yt7o13 0 88569 552017 2024-12-05T06:17:07Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259441861|Nokhaya Mnisi]]" 552017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi''' (ya mutu 18 ga Satumba 2018) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalissar Tarayyar Afirka daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2018. == Aikin majalisa == Mnisi ya fito ne daga yankin Gert Sibande a Mpumalanga . <ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> An zabe ta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a babban zaben shekarar 2009 na jam'iyyar African National Congress . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MPs elected to national assembly on April 22 - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/anc-mps-elected-to-national-assembly-on-april-22 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil kan Matsalolin Dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nokhaya-adelaide-mnisi/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Bayan sake zabenta a babban zaben 2014, an nada ta a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kwamitin Fayil kan Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji da Kwamitin Tsaro na Haɗin Kan Tsaro da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jam'iyyu da yawa. <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> A yayin muhawarar kuri'ar kasafin kudin ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida a watan Mayun 2017, Mnisi ya ce ba duk mutanen da ke bi ta kan iyakokin Afirka ta Kudu ba ne ke da kyakkyawar manufa kuma kashi 95% na wadanda ke da'awar mafaka ba ainihin masu neman mafaka ba ne. == Mutuwa == Mnisi ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga gajeriyar rashin lafiya a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2018. <ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ "ANC mourns death of parliamentarian"]. ''Mpumalanga News''. 2018-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> Shugabannin majalisar sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi "Parliament's Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi"]. ''Parliament of South Africa''. 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] otrbc1ac7aimac2jfmidd71a25a14pq 552018 552017 2024-12-05T06:17:45Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi''' (ya mutu 18 ga Satumba 2018) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalissar Tarayyar Afirka daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2018. == Aikin majalisa == Mnisi ya fito ne daga yankin Gert Sibande a Mpumalanga . <ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> An zabe ta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a babban zaben shekarar 2009 na jam'iyyar African National Congress . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MPs elected to national assembly on April 22 - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/anc-mps-elected-to-national-assembly-on-april-22 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil kan Matsalolin Dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nokhaya-adelaide-mnisi/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Bayan sake zabenta a babban zaben 2014, an nada ta a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kwamitin Fayil kan Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji da Kwamitin Tsaro na Haɗin Kan Tsaro da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jam'iyyu da yawa. <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> A yayin muhawarar kuri'ar kasafin kudin ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida a watan Mayun 2017, Mnisi ya ce ba duk mutanen da ke bi ta kan iyakokin Afirka ta Kudu ba ne ke da kyakkyawar manufa kuma kashi 95% na wadanda ke da'awar mafaka ba ainihin masu neman mafaka ba ne. == Mutuwa == Mnisi ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga gajeriyar rashin lafiya a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2018. <ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ "ANC mourns death of parliamentarian"]. ''Mpumalanga News''. 2018-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> Shugabannin majalisar sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi "Parliament's Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi"]. ''Parliament of South Africa''. 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] eff9gavw5tygh1etg588tjelz1j1xpx 552019 552018 2024-12-05T06:18:09Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Aikin majalisa */ 552019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi''' (ya mutu 18 ga Satumba 2018) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalissar Tarayyar Afirka daga 2009 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2018. == Aikin majalisa == Mnisi ya fito ne daga yankin Gert Sibande a Mpumalanga . <ref> name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}</ref> An zabe ta a majalisar dokokin kasar Afrika ta kudu a babban zaben shekarar 2009 na jam'iyyar African National Congress . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC MPs elected to national assembly on April 22 - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/anc-mps-elected-to-national-assembly-on-april-22 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Kwamitin Fayil kan Matsalolin Dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nokhaya-adelaide-mnisi/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Bayan sake zabenta a babban zaben 2014, an nada ta a Kwamitin Fayil kan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kwamitin Fayil kan Tsaro da Tsohon Sojoji da Kwamitin Tsaro na Haɗin Kan Tsaro da kuma Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jam'iyyu da yawa. <ref> name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> A yayin muhawarar kuri'ar kasafin kudin ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida a watan Mayun 2017, Mnisi ya ce ba duk mutanen da ke bi ta kan iyakokin Afirka ta Kudu ba ne ke da kyakkyawar manufa kuma kashi 95% na wadanda ke da'awar mafaka ba ainihin masu neman mafaka ba ne. == Mutuwa == Mnisi ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani daga gajeriyar rashin lafiya a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2018. <ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=ANC mourns death of parliamentarian |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Mpumalanga News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.citizen.co.za/mpumalanga-news/news-headlines/2018/09/19/anc-mourns-death-parliamentarian/ "ANC mourns death of parliamentarian"]. ''Mpumalanga News''. 2018-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> Shugabannin majalisar sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2018 |title=Parliament’s Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/parliaments-presiding-officers-express-heartfelt-condolences-passing-ms-nokhaya-mnisi "Parliament's Presiding Officers Express Heartfelt Condolences on Passing of Ms Nokhaya Mnisi"]. ''Parliament of South Africa''. 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] cphaiu6c3wodv8m5vssgajao8ofm1gj 0 88570 552062 2024-12-05T06:58:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} 552062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 1cuz34gp65axujgbyib7d5oqwb73c81 552063 552062 2024-12-05T07:00:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum. lidej0fly9cftm6djiaqqkuzajn5eil 552064 552063 2024-12-05T07:00:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam. 4npmemh8anijbkq7bfvuhqql6e7g01n 552065 552064 2024-12-05T07:01:31Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11. lv8pn47npj30cn2d3yf3ympbfmdaf4d 552066 552065 2024-12-05T07:01:57Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ia010gpto6gkhixzvrtxtuoq72mnetl 552067 552066 2024-12-05T07:02:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== jwgfa26bkxs817gtz9edhrklrrgimwi 552068 552067 2024-12-05T07:03:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936, 8x6xi4wny3jrptocy4o5unkumwjcyzf 552069 552068 2024-12-05T07:04:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref> 5bcytodsu9y11fpy2ax2owd3ksidw6y 552070 552069 2024-12-05T07:04:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein. 1busoexyygr1ij2aokv5wlzv75ye7rk 552071 552070 2024-12-05T07:05:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> ta4zegko3yxivg8q67mty8e0nugvfeu 552072 552071 2024-12-05T07:05:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. r2e4f7fsj974lb5ku307o6jocipt4u0 552073 552072 2024-12-05T07:06:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> 7cnwdf8w9fbairja0luew8z98cpftpq 552074 552073 2024-12-05T07:06:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14. n8s04yhf70y6pd1oej635dv8uhv2pjd 552075 552074 2024-12-05T07:07:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> n55kdlgufh6sf08a1v86f2qd2kd74im 552076 552075 2024-12-05T07:07:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa. ni2fp7y7tqx531w18jtxc84t2swvvo8 552077 552076 2024-12-05T07:08:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki. b94u8bnfckl5bxur7om78k4z40rpd2b 552078 552077 2024-12-05T07:08:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba. c3jin4stqo4g0au046sd802tlcjnn9t 552079 552078 2024-12-05T07:09:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> 1hmbu0jqpsa7dre5u53ndj3fm13aia1 552080 552079 2024-12-05T07:09:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== s6ilf2m05hurox0vs1hmrsaiq88s713 552116 552080 2024-12-05T08:26:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne. d4tj3b9jpuq92wk9ek6vnms7saq0c2q 552118 552116 2024-12-05T08:27:28Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref> svp73my4y6q9thydzqcksx2amgxebsd 552121 552118 2024-12-05T08:28:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya. p2k1a46tyrqbfas4l7wir6700kka0tv 552122 552121 2024-12-05T08:28:28Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> mmkny6oifh3fujfpshffnh76sc81v8l 552123 552122 2024-12-05T08:28:59Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku. fh1oai751e95fqkp8pxrwtk13alxj6r 552124 552123 2024-12-05T08:29:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> eik06jw18vhsnrwsctue9ihg4i47iq8 552127 552124 2024-12-05T08:29:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam. 1pui0lpnlvp4a05mk97z48g33feesd1 552129 552127 2024-12-05T08:30:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref> kzkin2sd9eyn76so5pthxszv28fn09l 552131 552129 2024-12-05T08:30:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern. 0q0k4ac5talnguqs3sp3fq06vwiz59u 552133 552131 2024-12-05T08:31:14Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> fofb2hulid1i27ycah9v9lhjvk22ua9 552136 552133 2024-12-05T08:31:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi. osjbptbtctr2mw8cqhhqgcgw3ttbp72 552138 552136 2024-12-05T08:32:11Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> c7utaoh9um3wrgzzk63q64j76otlmx1 552140 552138 2024-12-05T08:32:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. 612jukispoos7k6vrgefoxoqk1ad0rq 552141 552140 2024-12-05T08:33:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma. bi8bgzq1dtc1rgzbyv94fbyh0md8ed8 552142 552141 2024-12-05T08:33:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai." 6lv9cmv732feloyo7inhcedri3vd1tj 552144 552142 2024-12-05T08:34:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> q9fr2sb0rd98x018z2oagb31boib5l2 552146 552144 2024-12-05T08:34:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can. c30e8e6j3cdfetwgd4x87imm8wcnkbj 552148 552146 2024-12-05T08:35:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref> sr7rrorgxak24d8rzofi9yusso0td32 552151 552148 2024-12-05T08:36:01Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus. epbp77ds5qa3u9czo8324nj71nxvfvi 552153 552151 2024-12-05T08:36:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> rymsmawfq8f9kxlswqnhn8cap2jm15o 552157 552153 2024-12-05T08:37:59Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974. idpvb9tnf4d0xi9fxtts15sdtohe3m2 552159 552157 2024-12-05T08:38:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> 5b3uows9his5moezw78rbw4jqguwoxp 552161 552159 2024-12-05T08:39:02Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya. 9blktqtyw9gnsayjosoqmux5wwy6ogi 552162 552161 2024-12-05T08:39:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern. aog9i8dxrm4j17c7v5nobvz3ynkdfg6 552165 552162 2024-12-05T08:39:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo. rqlaq47e6xkj1biq7ojz1zsvcya30ep 552166 552165 2024-12-05T08:40:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern. d7rqihge198vqqkndgcr0qxx99p08nl 552168 552166 2024-12-05T08:40:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> shr45d3uzhf02krezhwnig1oa6r9zz7 552171 552168 2024-12-05T08:41:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11. as71edlnw5cy02wb0u74wzwnftyaue6 552172 552171 2024-12-05T08:41:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> 26m22pt72hhu6g55zgy75ld3bhtot10 552174 552172 2024-12-05T08:41:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron. 2l3sdvk2lhwz1you2zefe371wlkt4x5 552176 552174 2024-12-05T08:42:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> hgp1sgig05uswvr7mmfrxor95jue20j 552178 552176 2024-12-05T08:42:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima. 5iamqkx13dzyj0rrtcyr0f1qwpuysbv 552180 552178 2024-12-05T08:43:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> mqekv14t0qrdb5yp5x4yo9skn1ss4pb 552182 552180 2024-12-05T08:43:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba." g1n0sjn7m5bi1a8xqznm1acbkjgfg05 552184 552182 2024-12-05T08:43:56Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ssno1oor7lh4xm94w6kcfoz7l2krhe3 552186 552184 2024-12-05T08:45:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== f0w2uzp0xy8tcu4msnhw1edd1l3e8hh 552187 552186 2024-12-05T08:45:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari. m2lzs3lleepz8x5yd2uso8zfjipgruw 552188 552187 2024-12-05T08:46:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> n7b7f2swd34r18vn6zo534a31wa7ctv 552189 552188 2024-12-05T08:46:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus. cpmizec1pbykjhp4a1mlw6ay9l2ke08 552190 552189 2024-12-05T08:47:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> czvyegtrrm1avpeku37y67fp5ocw25t 552191 552190 2024-12-05T08:47:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku, suxhok3cpwrcly00147vgk6jimpaxc7 552193 552191 2024-12-05T08:47:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> a58x271vbgs9bfgibyns455s9vhggbf 552195 552193 2024-12-05T08:48:14Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin. pbl2mj17m95bf20fv8oi4v7sn79lflw 552197 552195 2024-12-05T08:48:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> rxg1qtjwxx5qmh022cj2dsd1oi6ihg6 552200 552197 2024-12-05T08:49:11Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer. pgmhegnynwnum39bxjxfmh0ziyyzljz 552201 552200 2024-12-05T08:49:38Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> nhvqixlfavmfoqb74nqqfxe2w741yy4 552202 552201 2024-12-05T08:50:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata; icdhc6ezebefz89sxoi0wq2dzd15esq 552204 552202 2024-12-05T08:51:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022. 8895wrg6rnl3t43pky9opwfz0vdeozu 552205 552204 2024-12-05T08:51:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> sz2g6vyf35zle4w9126mq1spz0z3s5q 552206 552205 2024-12-05T08:52:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88. 74b6og1elezblzbciyfx58gr5yf6axt 552208 552206 2024-12-05T08:52:54Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> dtdk1uqzdn9o2f20sgpv907aapbsni9 552209 552208 2024-12-05T08:53:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki. gsblgsn7qixo3ez3qbocd2ybwq9u2tt 552210 552209 2024-12-05T08:54:00Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki.A matsayinsa na Shugaban Hotunan Magnum daga 2003 zuwa 2006, ya jagoranci tare da sadaukar da kai da himma don ciyar da masu daukar hoto na gaba da kuma tabbatar da makomar hukumar a matsayin abin da ya dace. 1j77549lpamb99qaaai6atb9j1ydvf0 552211 552210 2024-12-05T08:54:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki.A matsayinsa na Shugaban Hotunan Magnum daga 2003 zuwa 2006, ya jagoranci tare da sadaukar da kai da himma don ciyar da masu daukar hoto na gaba da kuma tabbatar da makomar hukumar a matsayin abin da ya dace.Abin da ya gada a cikin al'ummar Magnum na ɗaya ne na zaburarwa, nasiha, da kuma neman ƙwazo a haɗe da kyautatawa da karimci. 9ywfreqinxgufu2q9lpcm9g69nzzi93 552212 552211 2024-12-05T08:54:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki.A matsayinsa na Shugaban Hotunan Magnum daga 2003 zuwa 2006, ya jagoranci tare da sadaukar da kai da himma don ciyar da masu daukar hoto na gaba da kuma tabbatar da makomar hukumar a matsayin abin da ya dace.Abin da ya gada a cikin al'ummar Magnum na ɗaya ne na zaburarwa, nasiha, da kuma neman ƙwazo a haɗe da kyautatawa da karimci.Aikin Thomas Hoepker zai ci gaba da karfafawa da ilmantarwa, yana tunatar da mu ikon daukar hoto don tsara fahimtarmu game da duniya. j70goy6woipoz6jxgl8vzpvj7x1ck9i 552213 552212 2024-12-05T08:55:24Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki.A matsayinsa na Shugaban Hotunan Magnum daga 2003 zuwa 2006, ya jagoranci tare da sadaukar da kai da himma don ciyar da masu daukar hoto na gaba da kuma tabbatar da makomar hukumar a matsayin abin da ya dace.Abin da ya gada a cikin al'ummar Magnum na ɗaya ne na zaburarwa, nasiha, da kuma neman ƙwazo a haɗe da kyautatawa da karimci.Aikin Thomas Hoepker zai ci gaba da karfafawa da ilmantarwa, yana tunatar da mu ikon daukar hoto don tsara fahimtarmu game da duniya.<ref>"Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024</ref> 14iierncp21hk2b256n2ioknrv4vv6j 552214 552213 2024-12-05T08:56:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Hoepker''' (10 Yuni 1936 - 10 Yuli 2024) ɗan Jamus ne mai daukar hoto kuma memba na Hotunan Magnum.An san shi da fasalin hoto mai salo, yana aiki daga 1960s don Stern da Geo akan ayyuka a duniya a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.Ya yi faifan hotuna biyu na ɗan dambe Muhammad Ali, da kuma wani hoto mai cike da cece-kuce na mutanen da aka lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, View daga [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn, a Manhattan, 9/11.]] ==Rayuwa da aiki== An haifi Hoepker a Munich a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1936,<ref>Horton, Adrian (11 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker, renowned German photographer, dies at 88". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref>dan jarida Wolfgang Höpker da Sigrid von Klösterlein.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Albertaich bayan an jefa bam a gidansu da ke Mandlstraße a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya fara ɗaukar hotuna lokacin da ya karɓi tsohuwar kyamarar farantin gilashi 9 × 12 daga kakansa don bikin cikarsa shekaru 14.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Ya ɓullo da bugu a ɗakin dafa abinci da banɗaki na iyalinsa, kuma ya fara samun kuɗi kaɗan ta hanyar sayar da hotuna ga abokai da abokan karatunsa.Hoepker ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga 1956 zuwa 1959 a LMU Muenchen da Göttingen inda ya koyi game da fahimtar hotuna da abun ciki.A lokacin karatunsa ya ci gaba da daukar hoto da sayar da hotuna don taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗin karatunsa. Ya bar jami'a ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref> ===Mai daukar hoto=== Haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto, Hoepker ya sami kyautuka biyu a cikin 'Young Photographer' a bikin baje kolin Photokina a Cologne.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>Daga 1959 zuwa 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Münchner Illustrierte da Kristall, yana ba da rahoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref>Don Kristall, ya fara tafiya ta farko ta hanya ta tsallakawa Amurka a cikin 1963 na tsawon watanni uku.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi aiki a kan ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya tare da sha'awar ɗaukar yanayin ɗan adam.<ref>https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/weekend-interview/thomas-hoepker</ref>A 1964 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na Stern.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Ya yi jerin hotunan dan damben nan Muhammad Ali a shekarar 1966, kafin yakin da Ali ya yi da Brian London a wurin nunin nunin kotun Earl, daga baya kuma ya dauki hotonsa a Chicago, inda ya zabi hotuna guda biyu da ya buga wadanda suka zama abin koyi.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Ya bayyana daga baya: "... Yana da karce, ba a bayyana shi gaba ɗaya. A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba.A zahiri hoto ne da ba za ku taɓa ɗauka ba. Za ku jefar da shi, amma na ga su biyun tare - jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa, da kuma mutumin da ke da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka na buga wannan ma.Wadannan hotuna guda biyu guda biyu ne. Ka ga daukaka da wahala, an danne, bakar fata. Bambanci sosai."<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref> A cikin 1967, Hoepker ya yi tafiya zuwa Bihar, Indiya, yana ba da rahoto game da yunwa, ambaliya da kuma cutar sankara a can.<ref>Whitmore, Greg (18 July 2024). "Thomas Hoepker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1973, fina-finansa guda biyu kan yunwa a Habasha, tare da daukar hotonsa, sun haifar da wani gagarumin aikin agaji a Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da matarsa ta biyu, 'yar jarida Eva Windmöller, a Gabashin Berlin daga 1974.<ref>Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref>A cikin 1970s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto na gidan talabijin na Jamus, yana yin fina-finai na gaskiya.A cikin 1976 shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa birnin New York a matsayin wakilin Stern.Daga 1978 zuwa 1981 ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na American Geo.Daga 1987 zuwa 1989 Hoepker ya kasance a Hamburg, yana aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na Stern.<ref>"Biography: Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</ref> A cikin 2001, Hoepker ya ɗauki hoton mutane a Brooklyn tare da lalata Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 9/11 a bango, Duba daga Williamsburg, Brooklyn, akan Manhattan, 9/11.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Bai buga shi ba a lokacin amma a cikin 2006 ya amince da buga shi a cikin wani littafi game da daukar hoto na taron.<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref>Hoton ya tabbatar da har yanzu rigima.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1616186/the-hovering-eye</ref>Frank Rich ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa: "Hoton Mr. Hoepker yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmanci - hoto na tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba."<ref>https://www.magnumphotos.com/newsroom/remembering-thomas-hoepker-1936-2024/</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Hoepker ya yi aure sau uku - ga Vilma Treue, Eva Windmöller, da Christine Kruchen - kuma sun sake aure sau biyu. Ya haifi ɗa da matarsa ta fari.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Ya zama dan kasar Amurka a watan Yulin 2009, yayin da yake rike da zama dan kasar Jamus.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/jul/18/thomas-hoepker-obituary</ref> Hoepker ya zauna a birnin New York tare da matarsa ta uku,<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref>tare da wanda ya shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>2017, an gano shi da cutar Alzheimer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/jul/11/thomas-hoepker-dies</ref>Bayan haka ma'auratan sun yi balaguron balaguron da ya yi inda suka tuno da farkonsa shekaru goma da suka gabata;An rubuta tafiyar a cikin wani fim mai suna Dear Memories, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2022.<ref>https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/17/remembering-thomas-hoepker-a-leading-documentary-photographer-and-editor-of-news-reportage</ref> Hoepker ya mutu daga rikice-rikice na Alzheimer a Santiago, Chile, a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, yana da shekaru 88.<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/thomas-hoepker-nc09lt8fs</ref> Shugabar Magnum, Cristina de Middel, ta rubuta: Mai hangen nesa na gaskiya, gudunmawar Thomas ta zarce hotunansa na ban mamaki, wasa, masu ratsa jiki.A matsayinsa na Shugaban Hotunan Magnum daga 2003 zuwa 2006, ya jagoranci tare da sadaukar da kai da himma don ciyar da masu daukar hoto na gaba da kuma tabbatar da makomar hukumar a matsayin abin da ya dace.Abin da ya gada a cikin al'ummar Magnum na ɗaya ne na zaburarwa, nasiha, da kuma neman ƙwazo a haɗe da kyautatawa da karimci.Aikin Thomas Hoepker zai ci gaba da karfafawa da ilmantarwa, yana tunatar da mu ikon daukar hoto don tsara fahimtarmu game da duniya.<ref>"Remembering Thomas Hoepker (1936–2024)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 July 2024</ref> ==MANAZARTA== c585bxo8hs1abh7y2q3x358c7ki55mg 0 88571 552215 2024-12-05T08:59:24Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259450506|Edna Molewa]]" 552215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' (23 Maris 1957{{Spaced en dash}}22 Satumba 2018), wacce aka fi sani da '''Edna Sethema''', 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . Molewa ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Oktoban 2010, a wani bangare na sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya yi. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2014 an raba ma'aikatarta kuma aka nada ta ministar kula da muhalli. Ta gaji Buyelwa Sonjica . Kafin rasuwarta, Molewa tana karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a cikin Nazarin Ci gaba ta [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Molewa ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga 1976 zuwa 1990. A lokacin ta kasance memba a kungiyoyi daban-daban masu fafutuka da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tun daga shekarar 1984 ta zama shugabar kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar. <ref name="bio" /> A 1994 Molewa ta zama mace ta farko shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan ciniki da masana'antu, kuma a cikin 1996 ta ci gaba da zama mamba a majalisar zartarwa kan yawon shakatawa, muhalli da kiyayewa. Har ila yau, ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Zartarwa kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Yawon shakatawa daga 1998 zuwa 2000. Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2004 Molewa ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa kan Harkokin Noma, Kare da Muhalli. <ref name="who" /> A ranar 30 ga Afrilun 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Firimiya a gwamnatin lardin Arewa maso Yamma, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ganin ta sanya lardin kan hanya mai nasara. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa's new Cabinet ministers |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105153703/http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin kankanin lokaci aka nada Molewa a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama’a, amma a shekarar 2010 ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli bayan wani sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar, inda ya maye gurbin Buyelwa Sonjica . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet |url=http://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730072846/https://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma announces cabinet reshuffle |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909140151/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2014, sashen ya rabu kuma Molewa ta zama minista na sabon Sashen Kula da Muhalli, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin Satumba 2018. <ref name="bio" /> Molewa kuma ta kasance shugabar harkokin sadarwa na kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League tsakanin 2013 zuwa 2015, kuma memba a majalisar zartarwa ta kungiyar tun 2003. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == Tun daga lokacin da Molewa ta karbi mukaminta na Ministar Muhalli ta yi aiki don ciyar da tsarin kula da karkanda gaba daya ta hanyar wasu yunƙuri na kiyayewa da majalisar ministocin shugaban ƙasa ta amince. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How we plan to deal with rhino poaching crisis – Edna Molewa |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123653/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Daga cikin yunƙurin da ta jagoranta, akwai shirye-shiryen canja wuri, shirin yaƙi da farautar dabbobi, sayar da karkanda ga kadarori masu zaman kansu, haɗin gwiwar jami'an tsaro a kowane mataki, da ƙoƙarin bin ka'idojin CITES kan gano tsiro da namun daji da ake fataucinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2015 |title=Minister Edna Molewa highlights progress in the war against poaching and plans for 2015 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231507/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> Gwamnatin Molewa ta goyi bayan bincike kan ingancin halatta cinikin kahon karkanda na kasa da kasa tare da fara shirye-shiryen mayar da karkanda daga wuraren da ke da hatsarin gaske zuwa wuraren da ba su da hadari a cikin kasa da kuma na duniya, da kuma sayar da farar karkanda sama da 200 ga masu saye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African minister backs legalisation of rhino horn trade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123634/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Sai dai kuma an soke shirin sayar da karkanda daga Kruger National Park zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa masu zaman kansu a karshen shekarar 2014 bayan da aka gano cewa wasu daga cikin masu son siyan sun kasance ma'abota ajiyar farauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kruger rhino sales canned |url=http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729104754/http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhino could have been sold to hunters |url=http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073553/http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> An zargi daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun saye da yin huldar kasuwanci da Dawie Groenewald wanda aka kama a Amurka bisa laifin karkatar da kudade da kuma sayar da farautar farautar farautar namun daji, kuma an kama shi a shekarar 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da kashe karkanda ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Owners of Safari Company Indicted for Illegal Rhino Hunts |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805154019/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhinos sold to canned hunter |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115942/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=US add to 'Groenewald Gang' charge sheet |url=http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073313/http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Molewa ya kuma sanar da cewa, kwamitin mai mambobi 22 zai yanke shawarar ko zai bada shawarar sayar da kahon karkanda mai nauyin metric ton 21 na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=SA may sell its massive rhino horn stockpile in 2016 |url=http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812213307/http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari sun haɗa da ko za a sayar da haja gaba ɗaya ta hanyar siyar da gwamnati ga gwamnati ko kuma a kai ƙarar siyar da ita kai tsaye ga masu saye, matakin da masana kimiyyar muhalli suka yi ta suka da cewa ba shi da amfani. <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA pushes for legal trade in rhino horn |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035737/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legalizing Rhino Horn Trade Won't Save Species, Ecologist Argues |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106183821/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Masu rajin kare muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin cinikin karkanda yana da kurakurai kuma zai iya ƙara yawan buƙata. Akwai kuma fargabar cewa kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da kahon karkanda da gwamnati ke rike da su za a yi amfani da su ko kuma a kaucewa sa ido da gwamnati ta saba yi na kashe kudadenta kamar yadda ake ikirari a kan kudaden da aka samu daga cinikin giwayen giwaye da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu sau daya. <ref name="misappropriation" /> Har ila yau a karkashin jagorancin Molewa harkokin muhalli sun sha suka kan rashin fitar da rahoton kwata-kwata a shekarar 2015 game da farautar karkanda ko kama wadanda ake zargi da farautar karkanda. Duk da cewa ministar ta sha nanata cewa ma’aikatar kula da muhalli ta jajirce wajen samar da bayanai akai-akai kan halin da ake ciki na farautar karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Molewa |first=Edna |date=24 July 2017 |title=Minister Molewa highlights progress on Integrated Strategic Management of Rhinoceros |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905182148/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> ta kasa kiyaye wannan jadawali kuma ta fitar da rahotanni na shekara biyu kawai, bayan da ta yi musu lakabi a kowace shekara. rahotanni. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Molewa, Edna |doi=10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_24775}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Molewa ya bayyana cewa za a samu cikakken bayani game da nasarar kamawa da yanke hukunci daga hukumomin guda ɗaya. Rahotannin baya-bayan nan sun nuna adadin farautar karkanda a duk shekara yana karuwa duk da kokarin jami’an tsaro da harkokin muhalli. A cikin 2015 kungiyoyin kare muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu sun soki shawarar Molewa na ba da izinin yin watsi da hayaki na wucin gadi ga babbar kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu Eskom da Sasol, Anglo American Platinum da wasu kamfanoni da dama. Keɓancewa na shekaru da yawa sun ba da izinin Eskom, Sasol, [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]], da sauransu don jinkirta aiwatar da kayan aikin rage hayaƙi wanda zai ba su damar cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa kaɗan don ingancin iska wanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da particulate al'amurran da suka shafi rage watsi matsayin an saita su a wurin ta Afrilu 2015. Ministan Muhalli Molewa ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 2015 cewa dage sake fasalin zai ba da dama ga masana'antu don daukar matakan da suka dace da kuma sake fasalin shukar su don ba su damar bin ka'idoji nan gaba kadan, tare da tabbatar da cewa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba zai kawo cikas ba. ." === Ƙimar kashin zaki na fitarwa === A cikin Janairu 2017 Molewa ya buɗe taron tuntuɓar jama'a don amincewa da kason kwarangwal na zaki na 800 na fitarwa na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar zakin zaki (CLB) da za a yi amfani da shi a Asiya azaman ruwan inabin damisa na jabu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Born Free Lion Breeding Report, 2018 |url=https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083116/https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> musamman wanda aka baiwa Lao PDR. Vietnam da Thailand. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}</ref> Shawarar da amincewar da ta biyo baya, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Yuni 2017, yayin da ake tsammanin har yanzu tana karkashin binciken kimiyya, ta haifar da babban zargi ta hanyar, da damuwa a tsakanin, masu kare muhalli na gida da na kasa da kasa, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin jin dadin dabbobi da jama'a, don tasirin wannan zai haifar. a kan kiyaye zakuna da manyan kuliyoyi a duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi da'a wannan yana da ga masana'antar, wanda ake la'akari sosai da rashin tsari da zalunci. <ref name=":0" /> Sauye-sauyen da ake samu a kasuwa zuwa kasashen da hukumomin kiyaye doka da oda na duniya suka lissafa da cewa suna da karancin tsari da kuma yawan cin hanci da rashawa an nuna shi a matsayin babban abin damuwa tun lokacin da ya samar da damammaki da dama na safarar haramtattun namun daji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Crime Scorecard: Assessing compliance with and enforcement of CITES commitments for tigers, rhinos and elephants |url=https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214715/https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> Ana ganin sukar da jama'a na kasa da kasa ke yi kan cinikin kasusuwan zaki na Afirka ta Kudu na da matukar illa ga "Brand Africa ta Kudu" da kuma farin jini da daukakar kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CACH Brand South Africa Review 13 July 2016 |url=https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212734/https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=iwbond.org}}</ref> An kiyasta mummunan tasirin cinikin kashin zaki na kasar ya kai kusan R54.50-biliyan cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Ross |title=The Economics of Captive Predator Breeding in South Africa |url=http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175931/http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=saiia.org.za/}}</ref> Duk da cece-kuce, a watan Yulin 2018, Molewa ya kusan ninka adadin kashin kashin zaki na fitarwa, zuwa kwarangwal 1500 a shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Minister of Environmental Affairs establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180055/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar ƙididdiga tun daga 2017 bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar Kimiyya (SA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Edna Molewa establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214726/https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=gov.za |language=en}}</ref> ta bayar game da ka'idodin buƙatu da wadata <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> tare da sakamakon aikin bincike na shekaru uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANBI)., ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki. Sakamakon haka, bayan an sanar da adadin 2018, wasu masu bincike da ke cikin wannan aikin sun nisanta kansu daga tsarin yanke shawara. <ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cin zarafi a kan adadin tun 2017, tare da ƙasusuwan damisa da aka kama da sauran manyan kuliyoyi masu haɗari (wanda aka jera a cikin Shafi na I na CITES) ana ba da rahoto a cikin tsarin fitarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A girma duniya wayar da kan jama'a game da sakamakon da ake dangantawa da wannan rigima masana'antu da kuma sukar da ta zana, ya jagoranci mafi girma zaki kashi m, [[Singapore Airlines]] ,&nbsp;don yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar manyan sassan jikin cat daga Afirka ta Kudu, farawa a watan Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline bans lion bones |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025317/https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=Telegraph of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest lion bone carrier, Singapore Airlines, stops cargo from South Africa |url=https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224806/https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |archive-date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=SA Breaking News}}</ref> == Rigingimu == A watan Fabrairun 2013, yayin da Ministan Ruwa, Molewa ya ba da kyautar R419&nbsp;kwangilar IT miliyan miliyan zuwa Connexion Business maimakon amfani da Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jiha. Babban daraktan sashen ya ki sanya hannu kan kwangilar, kuma minista Molewa ya dakatar da shi. Sakamakon haka, babban daraktan da aka dakatar ya ci gaba da karbar albashi kusan shekaru biyu a yayin da ake tuhumar sa da sabon ministan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya yi watsi da shi. Manyan al’amura na zubar da kaya da bakar fata a fadin kasar sun haifar da cece-kuce a shekarun 2014 da 2015 bayan da ministocin gwamnati suka bayar da dalilai masu karo da juna na wannan batu. Yayin da Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a Malusi Gigaba ya bayar da dalilai marasa tushe wadanda suka hada da karancin ruwa a madatsun ruwa, Minista Molewa ya yi ikirarin cewa kwal da aka samu a ma'adinai a Mpumalanga ne ke da laifi. An kuma nuna damuwar jama'a kan gazawar gwamnati wajen shawo kan zuba jari a samar da makamashi wanda ya sa kamfanonin makamashi ke kokawa wajen biyan bukata. Gyaran da aka tsara akan tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ta'azzara matsaloli tare da grid mai rauni da takura. == Ilimi == Edna Molewa ta halarci [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] inda ta sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci . Bayan haka, Molewa ya bi kwas ɗin Jagoranci a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy kuma ya sami Takaddun Shaida na Shirin Haɓaka Jagorancin Tattalin Arziki daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Wharton . == Mutuwa == Bayan da ta dawo a ranar 8 ga Satumba daga ziyarar aiki da ta kai [[Sin|China]], inda ta kamu da cutar, Molewa ta kwanta a asibiti kwanaki kadan. An sanya ta cikin rashin lafiya bayan da ta kasa amsa jinya. Bayan fitowar suma, Molewa ya dan samu kwanciyar hankali, amma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2018 a [[Pretoria]] . Tana da shekaru 61. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] slu871joun4xyx9dhs30ae0ydgkzgqg 552216 552215 2024-12-05T09:00:11Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' (23 Maris 1957{{Spaced en dash}}22 Satumba 2018), wacce aka fi sani da '''Edna Sethema''', 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . Molewa ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Oktoban 2010, a wani bangare na sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya yi. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2014 an raba ma'aikatarta kuma aka nada ta ministar kula da muhalli. Ta gaji Buyelwa Sonjica . Kafin rasuwarta, Molewa tana karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a cikin Nazarin Ci gaba ta [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Molewa ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga 1976 zuwa 1990. A lokacin ta kasance memba a kungiyoyi daban-daban masu fafutuka da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tun daga shekarar 1984 ta zama shugabar kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar. <ref name="bio" /> A 1994 Molewa ta zama mace ta farko shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan ciniki da masana'antu, kuma a cikin 1996 ta ci gaba da zama mamba a majalisar zartarwa kan yawon shakatawa, muhalli da kiyayewa. Har ila yau, ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Zartarwa kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Yawon shakatawa daga 1998 zuwa 2000. Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2004 Molewa ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa kan Harkokin Noma, Kare da Muhalli. <ref name="who" /> A ranar 30 ga Afrilun 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Firimiya a gwamnatin lardin Arewa maso Yamma, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ganin ta sanya lardin kan hanya mai nasara. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa's new Cabinet ministers |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105153703/http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin kankanin lokaci aka nada Molewa a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama’a, amma a shekarar 2010 ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli bayan wani sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar, inda ya maye gurbin Buyelwa Sonjica . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet |url=http://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730072846/https://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma announces cabinet reshuffle |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909140151/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2014, sashen ya rabu kuma Molewa ta zama minista na sabon Sashen Kula da Muhalli, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin Satumba 2018. <ref name="bio" /> Molewa kuma ta kasance shugabar harkokin sadarwa na kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League tsakanin 2013 zuwa 2015, kuma memba a majalisar zartarwa ta kungiyar tun 2003. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == Tun daga lokacin da Molewa ta karbi mukaminta na Ministar Muhalli ta yi aiki don ciyar da tsarin kula da karkanda gaba daya ta hanyar wasu yunƙuri na kiyayewa da majalisar ministocin shugaban ƙasa ta amince. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How we plan to deal with rhino poaching crisis – Edna Molewa |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123653/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Daga cikin yunƙurin da ta jagoranta, akwai shirye-shiryen canja wuri, shirin yaƙi da farautar dabbobi, sayar da karkanda ga kadarori masu zaman kansu, haɗin gwiwar jami'an tsaro a kowane mataki, da ƙoƙarin bin ka'idojin CITES kan gano tsiro da namun daji da ake fataucinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2015 |title=Minister Edna Molewa highlights progress in the war against poaching and plans for 2015 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231507/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> Gwamnatin Molewa ta goyi bayan bincike kan ingancin halatta cinikin kahon karkanda na kasa da kasa tare da fara shirye-shiryen mayar da karkanda daga wuraren da ke da hatsarin gaske zuwa wuraren da ba su da hadari a cikin kasa da kuma na duniya, da kuma sayar da farar karkanda sama da 200 ga masu saye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African minister backs legalisation of rhino horn trade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123634/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Sai dai kuma an soke shirin sayar da karkanda daga Kruger National Park zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa masu zaman kansu a karshen shekarar 2014 bayan da aka gano cewa wasu daga cikin masu son siyan sun kasance ma'abota ajiyar farauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kruger rhino sales canned |url=http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729104754/http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhino could have been sold to hunters |url=http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073553/http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> An zargi daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun saye da yin huldar kasuwanci da Dawie Groenewald wanda aka kama a Amurka bisa laifin karkatar da kudade da kuma sayar da farautar farautar farautar namun daji, kuma an kama shi a shekarar 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da kashe karkanda ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Owners of Safari Company Indicted for Illegal Rhino Hunts |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805154019/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhinos sold to canned hunter |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115942/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=US add to 'Groenewald Gang' charge sheet |url=http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073313/http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Molewa ya kuma sanar da cewa, kwamitin mai mambobi 22 zai yanke shawarar ko zai bada shawarar sayar da kahon karkanda mai nauyin metric ton 21 na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=SA may sell its massive rhino horn stockpile in 2016 |url=http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812213307/http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari sun haɗa da ko za a sayar da haja gaba ɗaya ta hanyar siyar da gwamnati ga gwamnati ko kuma a kai ƙarar siyar da ita kai tsaye ga masu saye, matakin da masana kimiyyar muhalli suka yi ta suka da cewa ba shi da amfani. <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA pushes for legal trade in rhino horn |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035737/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legalizing Rhino Horn Trade Won't Save Species, Ecologist Argues |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106183821/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Masu rajin kare muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin cinikin karkanda yana da kurakurai kuma zai iya ƙara yawan buƙata. Akwai kuma fargabar cewa kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da kahon karkanda da gwamnati ke rike da su za a yi amfani da su ko kuma a kaucewa sa ido da gwamnati ta saba yi na kashe kudadenta kamar yadda ake ikirari a kan kudaden da aka samu daga cinikin giwayen giwaye da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu sau daya. <ref name="misappropriation" /> Har ila yau a karkashin jagorancin Molewa harkokin muhalli sun sha suka kan rashin fitar da rahoton kwata-kwata a shekarar 2015 game da farautar karkanda ko kama wadanda ake zargi da farautar karkanda. Duk da cewa ministar ta sha nanata cewa ma’aikatar kula da muhalli ta jajirce wajen samar da bayanai akai-akai kan halin da ake ciki na farautar karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Molewa |first=Edna |date=24 July 2017 |title=Minister Molewa highlights progress on Integrated Strategic Management of Rhinoceros |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905182148/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> ta kasa kiyaye wannan jadawali kuma ta fitar da rahotanni na shekara biyu kawai, bayan da ta yi musu lakabi a kowace shekara. rahotanni. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Molewa, Edna |doi=10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_24775}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Molewa ya bayyana cewa za a samu cikakken bayani game da nasarar kamawa da yanke hukunci daga hukumomin guda ɗaya. Rahotannin baya-bayan nan sun nuna adadin farautar karkanda a duk shekara yana karuwa duk da kokarin jami’an tsaro da harkokin muhalli. A cikin 2015 kungiyoyin kare muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu sun soki shawarar Molewa na ba da izinin yin watsi da hayaki na wucin gadi ga babbar kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu Eskom da Sasol, Anglo American Platinum da wasu kamfanoni da dama. Keɓancewa na shekaru da yawa sun ba da izinin Eskom, Sasol, [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]], da sauransu don jinkirta aiwatar da kayan aikin rage hayaƙi wanda zai ba su damar cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa kaɗan don ingancin iska wanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da particulate al'amurran da suka shafi rage watsi matsayin an saita su a wurin ta Afrilu 2015. Ministan Muhalli Molewa ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 2015 cewa dage sake fasalin zai ba da dama ga masana'antu don daukar matakan da suka dace da kuma sake fasalin shukar su don ba su damar bin ka'idoji nan gaba kadan, tare da tabbatar da cewa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba zai kawo cikas ba. ." === Ƙimar kashin zaki na fitarwa === A cikin Janairu 2017 Molewa ya buɗe taron tuntuɓar jama'a don amincewa da kason kwarangwal na zaki na 800 na fitarwa na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar zakin zaki (CLB) da za a yi amfani da shi a Asiya azaman ruwan inabin damisa na jabu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Born Free Lion Breeding Report, 2018 |url=https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083116/https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> musamman wanda aka baiwa Lao PDR. Vietnam da Thailand. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}</ref> Shawarar da amincewar da ta biyo baya, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Yuni 2017, yayin da ake tsammanin har yanzu tana karkashin binciken kimiyya, ta haifar da babban zargi ta hanyar, da damuwa a tsakanin, masu kare muhalli na gida da na kasa da kasa, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin jin dadin dabbobi da jama'a, don tasirin wannan zai haifar. a kan kiyaye zakuna da manyan kuliyoyi a duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi da'a wannan yana da ga masana'antar, wanda ake la'akari sosai da rashin tsari da zalunci. <ref name=":0" /> Sauye-sauyen da ake samu a kasuwa zuwa kasashen da hukumomin kiyaye doka da oda na duniya suka lissafa da cewa suna da karancin tsari da kuma yawan cin hanci da rashawa an nuna shi a matsayin babban abin damuwa tun lokacin da ya samar da damammaki da dama na safarar haramtattun namun daji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Crime Scorecard: Assessing compliance with and enforcement of CITES commitments for tigers, rhinos and elephants |url=https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214715/https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> Ana ganin sukar da jama'a na kasa da kasa ke yi kan cinikin kasusuwan zaki na Afirka ta Kudu na da matukar illa ga "Brand Africa ta Kudu" da kuma farin jini da daukakar kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CACH Brand South Africa Review 13 July 2016 |url=https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212734/https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=iwbond.org}}</ref> An kiyasta mummunan tasirin cinikin kashin zaki na kasar ya kai kusan R54.50-biliyan cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Ross |title=The Economics of Captive Predator Breeding in South Africa |url=http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175931/http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=saiia.org.za/}}</ref> Duk da cece-kuce, a watan Yulin 2018, Molewa ya kusan ninka adadin kashin kashin zaki na fitarwa, zuwa kwarangwal 1500 a shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Minister of Environmental Affairs establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180055/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar ƙididdiga tun daga 2017 bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar Kimiyya (SA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Edna Molewa establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214726/https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=gov.za |language=en}}</ref> ta bayar game da ka'idodin buƙatu da wadata <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> tare da sakamakon aikin bincike na shekaru uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANBI)., ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki. Sakamakon haka, bayan an sanar da adadin 2018, wasu masu bincike da ke cikin wannan aikin sun nisanta kansu daga tsarin yanke shawara. <ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cin zarafi a kan adadin tun 2017, tare da ƙasusuwan damisa da aka kama da sauran manyan kuliyoyi masu haɗari (wanda aka jera a cikin Shafi na I na CITES) ana ba da rahoto a cikin tsarin fitarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A girma duniya wayar da kan jama'a game da sakamakon da ake dangantawa da wannan rigima masana'antu da kuma sukar da ta zana, ya jagoranci mafi girma zaki kashi m, [[Singapore Airlines]] ,&nbsp;don yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar manyan sassan jikin cat daga Afirka ta Kudu, farawa a watan Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline bans lion bones |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025317/https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=Telegraph of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest lion bone carrier, Singapore Airlines, stops cargo from South Africa |url=https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224806/https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |archive-date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=SA Breaking News}}</ref> == Rigingimu == A watan Fabrairun 2013, yayin da Ministan Ruwa, Molewa ya ba da kyautar R419&nbsp;kwangilar IT miliyan miliyan zuwa Connexion Business maimakon amfani da Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jiha. Babban daraktan sashen ya ki sanya hannu kan kwangilar, kuma minista Molewa ya dakatar da shi. Sakamakon haka, babban daraktan da aka dakatar ya ci gaba da karbar albashi kusan shekaru biyu a yayin da ake tuhumar sa da sabon ministan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya yi watsi da shi. Manyan al’amura na zubar da kaya da bakar fata a fadin kasar sun haifar da cece-kuce a shekarun 2014 da 2015 bayan da ministocin gwamnati suka bayar da dalilai masu karo da juna na wannan batu. Yayin da Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a Malusi Gigaba ya bayar da dalilai marasa tushe wadanda suka hada da karancin ruwa a madatsun ruwa, Minista Molewa ya yi ikirarin cewa kwal da aka samu a ma'adinai a Mpumalanga ne ke da laifi. An kuma nuna damuwar jama'a kan gazawar gwamnati wajen shawo kan zuba jari a samar da makamashi wanda ya sa kamfanonin makamashi ke kokawa wajen biyan bukata. Gyaran da aka tsara akan tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ta'azzara matsaloli tare da grid mai rauni da takura. == Ilimi == Edna Molewa ta halarci [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] inda ta sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci . Bayan haka, Molewa ya bi kwas ɗin Jagoranci a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy kuma ya sami Takaddun Shaida na Shirin Haɓaka Jagorancin Tattalin Arziki daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Wharton . == Mutuwa == Bayan da ta dawo a ranar 8 ga Satumba daga ziyarar aiki da ta kai [[Sin|China]], inda ta kamu da cutar, Molewa ta kwanta a asibiti kwanaki kadan. An sanya ta cikin rashin lafiya bayan da ta kasa amsa jinya. Bayan fitowar suma, Molewa ya dan samu kwanciyar hankali, amma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2018 a [[Pretoria]] . Tana da shekaru 61. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2xwbpg9gn625vkfk8pwxc5b43kk99xd 552217 552216 2024-12-05T09:02:00Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' (23 Maris 1957{{Spaced en dash}}22 Satumba 2018), wacce aka fi sani da '''Edna Sethema''', 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . Molewa ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Oktoban 2010, a wani bangare na sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya yi. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2014 an raba ma'aikatarta kuma aka nada ta ministar kula da muhalli. Ta gaji Buyelwa Sonjica . Kafin rasuwarta, Molewa tana karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a cikin Nazarin Ci gaba ta [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref> name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Molewa ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga 1976 zuwa 1990. A lokacin ta kasance memba a kungiyoyi daban-daban masu fafutuka da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki. <ref> name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tun daga shekarar 1984 ta zama shugabar kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar. <ref name="bio" /> A 1994 Molewa ta zama mace ta farko shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan ciniki da masana'antu, kuma a cikin 1996 ta ci gaba da zama mamba a majalisar zartarwa kan yawon shakatawa, muhalli da kiyayewa. Har ila yau, ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Zartarwa kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Yawon shakatawa daga 1998 zuwa 2000. Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2004 Molewa ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa kan Harkokin Noma, Kare da Muhalli. <ref name="who" /> A ranar 30 ga Afrilun 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Firimiya a gwamnatin lardin Arewa maso Yamma, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ganin ta sanya lardin kan hanya mai nasara. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa's new Cabinet ministers |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105153703/http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin kankanin lokaci aka nada Molewa a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama’a, amma a shekarar 2010 ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli bayan wani sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar, inda ya maye gurbin Buyelwa Sonjica . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet |url=http://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730072846/https://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma announces cabinet reshuffle |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909140151/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2014, sashen ya rabu kuma Molewa ta zama minista na sabon Sashen Kula da Muhalli, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin Satumba 2018. <ref name="bio" /> Molewa kuma ta kasance shugabar harkokin sadarwa na kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League tsakanin 2013 zuwa 2015, kuma memba a majalisar zartarwa ta kungiyar tun 2003. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == Tun daga lokacin da Molewa ta karbi mukaminta na Ministar Muhalli ta yi aiki don ciyar da tsarin kula da karkanda gaba daya ta hanyar wasu yunƙuri na kiyayewa da majalisar ministocin shugaban ƙasa ta amince. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How we plan to deal with rhino poaching crisis – Edna Molewa |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123653/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Daga cikin yunƙurin da ta jagoranta, akwai shirye-shiryen canja wuri, shirin yaƙi da farautar dabbobi, sayar da karkanda ga kadarori masu zaman kansu, haɗin gwiwar jami'an tsaro a kowane mataki, da ƙoƙarin bin ka'idojin CITES kan gano tsiro da namun daji da ake fataucinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2015 |title=Minister Edna Molewa highlights progress in the war against poaching and plans for 2015 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231507/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> Gwamnatin Molewa ta goyi bayan bincike kan ingancin halatta cinikin kahon karkanda na kasa da kasa tare da fara shirye-shiryen mayar da karkanda daga wuraren da ke da hatsarin gaske zuwa wuraren da ba su da hadari a cikin kasa da kuma na duniya, da kuma sayar da farar karkanda sama da 200 ga masu saye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African minister backs legalisation of rhino horn trade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123634/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Sai dai kuma an soke shirin sayar da karkanda daga Kruger National Park zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa masu zaman kansu a karshen shekarar 2014 bayan da aka gano cewa wasu daga cikin masu son siyan sun kasance ma'abota ajiyar farauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kruger rhino sales canned |url=http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729104754/http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhino could have been sold to hunters |url=http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073553/http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> An zargi daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun saye da yin huldar kasuwanci da Dawie Groenewald wanda aka kama a Amurka bisa laifin karkatar da kudade da kuma sayar da farautar farautar farautar namun daji, kuma an kama shi a shekarar 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da kashe karkanda ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Owners of Safari Company Indicted for Illegal Rhino Hunts |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805154019/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhinos sold to canned hunter |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115942/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=US add to 'Groenewald Gang' charge sheet |url=http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073313/http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Molewa ya kuma sanar da cewa, kwamitin mai mambobi 22 zai yanke shawarar ko zai bada shawarar sayar da kahon karkanda mai nauyin metric ton 21 na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=SA may sell its massive rhino horn stockpile in 2016 |url=http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812213307/http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari sun haɗa da ko za a sayar da haja gaba ɗaya ta hanyar siyar da gwamnati ga gwamnati ko kuma a kai ƙarar siyar da ita kai tsaye ga masu saye, matakin da masana kimiyyar muhalli suka yi ta suka da cewa ba shi da amfani. <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA pushes for legal trade in rhino horn |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035737/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legalizing Rhino Horn Trade Won't Save Species, Ecologist Argues |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106183821/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Masu rajin kare muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin cinikin karkanda yana da kurakurai kuma zai iya ƙara yawan buƙata. Akwai kuma fargabar cewa kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da kahon karkanda da gwamnati ke rike da su za a yi amfani da su ko kuma a kaucewa sa ido da gwamnati ta saba yi na kashe kudadenta kamar yadda ake ikirari a kan kudaden da aka samu daga cinikin giwayen giwaye da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu sau daya. <ref name="misappropriation" /> Har ila yau a karkashin jagorancin Molewa harkokin muhalli sun sha suka kan rashin fitar da rahoton kwata-kwata a shekarar 2015 game da farautar karkanda ko kama wadanda ake zargi da farautar karkanda. Duk da cewa ministar ta sha nanata cewa ma’aikatar kula da muhalli ta jajirce wajen samar da bayanai akai-akai kan halin da ake ciki na farautar karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Molewa |first=Edna |date=24 July 2017 |title=Minister Molewa highlights progress on Integrated Strategic Management of Rhinoceros |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905182148/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> ta kasa kiyaye wannan jadawali kuma ta fitar da rahotanni na shekara biyu kawai, bayan da ta yi musu lakabi a kowace shekara. rahotanni. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Molewa, Edna |doi=10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_24775}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Molewa ya bayyana cewa za a samu cikakken bayani game da nasarar kamawa da yanke hukunci daga hukumomin guda ɗaya. Rahotannin baya-bayan nan sun nuna adadin farautar karkanda a duk shekara yana karuwa duk da kokarin jami’an tsaro da harkokin muhalli. A cikin 2015 kungiyoyin kare muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu sun soki shawarar Molewa na ba da izinin yin watsi da hayaki na wucin gadi ga babbar kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu Eskom da Sasol, Anglo American Platinum da wasu kamfanoni da dama. Keɓancewa na shekaru da yawa sun ba da izinin Eskom, Sasol, [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]], da sauransu don jinkirta aiwatar da kayan aikin rage hayaƙi wanda zai ba su damar cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa kaɗan don ingancin iska wanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da particulate al'amurran da suka shafi rage watsi matsayin an saita su a wurin ta Afrilu 2015. Ministan Muhalli Molewa ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 2015 cewa dage sake fasalin zai ba da dama ga masana'antu don daukar matakan da suka dace da kuma sake fasalin shukar su don ba su damar bin ka'idoji nan gaba kadan, tare da tabbatar da cewa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba zai kawo cikas ba. ." === Ƙimar kashin zaki na fitarwa === A cikin Janairu 2017 Molewa ya buɗe taron tuntuɓar jama'a don amincewa da kason kwarangwal na zaki na 800 na fitarwa na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar zakin zaki (CLB) da za a yi amfani da shi a Asiya azaman ruwan inabin damisa na jabu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Born Free Lion Breeding Report, 2018 |url=https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083116/https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> musamman wanda aka baiwa Lao PDR. Vietnam da Thailand. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}</ref> Shawarar da amincewar da ta biyo baya, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Yuni 2017, yayin da ake tsammanin har yanzu tana karkashin binciken kimiyya, ta haifar da babban zargi ta hanyar, da damuwa a tsakanin, masu kare muhalli na gida da na kasa da kasa, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin jin dadin dabbobi da jama'a, don tasirin wannan zai haifar. a kan kiyaye zakuna da manyan kuliyoyi a duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi da'a wannan yana da ga masana'antar, wanda ake la'akari sosai da rashin tsari da zalunci. <ref name=":0" /> Sauye-sauyen da ake samu a kasuwa zuwa kasashen da hukumomin kiyaye doka da oda na duniya suka lissafa da cewa suna da karancin tsari da kuma yawan cin hanci da rashawa an nuna shi a matsayin babban abin damuwa tun lokacin da ya samar da damammaki da dama na safarar haramtattun namun daji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Crime Scorecard: Assessing compliance with and enforcement of CITES commitments for tigers, rhinos and elephants |url=https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214715/https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> Ana ganin sukar da jama'a na kasa da kasa ke yi kan cinikin kasusuwan zaki na Afirka ta Kudu na da matukar illa ga "Brand Africa ta Kudu" da kuma farin jini da daukakar kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CACH Brand South Africa Review 13 July 2016 |url=https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212734/https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=iwbond.org}}</ref> An kiyasta mummunan tasirin cinikin kashin zaki na kasar ya kai kusan R54.50-biliyan cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Ross |title=The Economics of Captive Predator Breeding in South Africa |url=http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175931/http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=saiia.org.za/}}</ref> Duk da cece-kuce, a watan Yulin 2018, Molewa ya kusan ninka adadin kashin kashin zaki na fitarwa, zuwa kwarangwal 1500 a shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Minister of Environmental Affairs establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180055/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar ƙididdiga tun daga 2017 bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar Kimiyya (SA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Edna Molewa establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214726/https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=gov.za |language=en}}</ref> ta bayar game da ka'idodin buƙatu da wadata <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> tare da sakamakon aikin bincike na shekaru uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANBI)., ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki. Sakamakon haka, bayan an sanar da adadin 2018, wasu masu bincike da ke cikin wannan aikin sun nisanta kansu daga tsarin yanke shawara. <ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cin zarafi a kan adadin tun 2017, tare da ƙasusuwan damisa da aka kama da sauran manyan kuliyoyi masu haɗari (wanda aka jera a cikin Shafi na I na CITES) ana ba da rahoto a cikin tsarin fitarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A girma duniya wayar da kan jama'a game da sakamakon da ake dangantawa da wannan rigima masana'antu da kuma sukar da ta zana, ya jagoranci mafi girma zaki kashi m, [[Singapore Airlines]] ,&nbsp;don yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar manyan sassan jikin cat daga Afirka ta Kudu, farawa a watan Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline bans lion bones |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025317/https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=Telegraph of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest lion bone carrier, Singapore Airlines, stops cargo from South Africa |url=https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224806/https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |archive-date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=SA Breaking News}}</ref> == Rigingimu == A watan Fabrairun 2013, yayin da Ministan Ruwa, Molewa ya ba da kyautar R419&nbsp;kwangilar IT miliyan miliyan zuwa Connexion Business maimakon amfani da Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jiha. Babban daraktan sashen ya ki sanya hannu kan kwangilar, kuma minista Molewa ya dakatar da shi. Sakamakon haka, babban daraktan da aka dakatar ya ci gaba da karbar albashi kusan shekaru biyu a yayin da ake tuhumar sa da sabon ministan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya yi watsi da shi. Manyan al’amura na zubar da kaya da bakar fata a fadin kasar sun haifar da cece-kuce a shekarun 2014 da 2015 bayan da ministocin gwamnati suka bayar da dalilai masu karo da juna na wannan batu. Yayin da Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a Malusi Gigaba ya bayar da dalilai marasa tushe wadanda suka hada da karancin ruwa a madatsun ruwa, Minista Molewa ya yi ikirarin cewa kwal da aka samu a ma'adinai a Mpumalanga ne ke da laifi. An kuma nuna damuwar jama'a kan gazawar gwamnati wajen shawo kan zuba jari a samar da makamashi wanda ya sa kamfanonin makamashi ke kokawa wajen biyan bukata. Gyaran da aka tsara akan tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ta'azzara matsaloli tare da grid mai rauni da takura. == Ilimi == Edna Molewa ta halarci [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] inda ta sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci . Bayan haka, Molewa ya bi kwas ɗin Jagoranci a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy kuma ya sami Takaddun Shaida na Shirin Haɓaka Jagorancin Tattalin Arziki daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Wharton . == Mutuwa == Bayan da ta dawo a ranar 8 ga Satumba daga ziyarar aiki da ta kai [[Sin|China]], inda ta kamu da cutar, Molewa ta kwanta a asibiti kwanaki kadan. An sanya ta cikin rashin lafiya bayan da ta kasa amsa jinya. Bayan fitowar suma, Molewa ya dan samu kwanciyar hankali, amma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2018 a [[Pretoria]] . Tana da shekaru 61. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qagbdag4hjzalrwzzjgxx0o9b3029vs 552218 552217 2024-12-05T09:02:48Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Sana'ar siyasa */ 552218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' (23 Maris 1957{{Spaced en dash}}22 Satumba 2018), wacce aka fi sani da '''Edna Sethema''', 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . Molewa ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 31 ga Oktoban 2010, a wani bangare na sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya yi. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2014 an raba ma'aikatarta kuma aka nada ta ministar kula da muhalli. Ta gaji Buyelwa Sonjica . Kafin rasuwarta, Molewa tana karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a cikin Nazarin Ci gaba ta [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref> name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Molewa ya shiga cikin yunkurin 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga 1976 zuwa 1990. A lokacin ta kasance memba a kungiyoyi daban-daban masu fafutuka da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yanki. <ref> name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tun daga shekarar 1984 ta zama shugabar kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar. <ref name="bio" /> A 1994 Molewa ta zama mace ta farko shugabar kwamitin Fayil kan ciniki da masana'antu, kuma a cikin 1996 ta ci gaba da zama mamba a majalisar zartarwa kan yawon shakatawa, muhalli da kiyayewa. Har ila yau, ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Zartarwa kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Yawon shakatawa daga 1998 zuwa 2000. Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2004 Molewa ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa kan Harkokin Noma, Kare da Muhalli.A ranar 30 ga Afrilun 2004, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Firimiya a gwamnatin lardin Arewa maso Yamma, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ganin ta sanya lardin kan hanya mai nasara. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa's new Cabinet ministers |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105153703/http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/cabinet-021110.htm |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin kankanin lokaci aka nada Molewa a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama’a, amma a shekarar 2010 ya zama Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli bayan wani sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar, inda ya maye gurbin Buyelwa Sonjica . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet |url=http://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730072846/https://www.gov.za/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuma announces cabinet reshuffle |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909140151/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-1.690238 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2014, sashen ya rabu kuma Molewa ta zama minista na sabon Sashen Kula da Muhalli, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin Satumba 2018. <ref name="bio" /> Molewa kuma ta kasance shugabar harkokin sadarwa na kungiyar mata ta African National Congress Women's League tsakanin 2013 zuwa 2015, kuma memba a majalisar zartarwa ta kungiyar tun 2003. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies "Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa"]. Department of Environmental Affairs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies Archived] from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == Tun daga lokacin da Molewa ta karbi mukaminta na Ministar Muhalli ta yi aiki don ciyar da tsarin kula da karkanda gaba daya ta hanyar wasu yunƙuri na kiyayewa da majalisar ministocin shugaban ƙasa ta amince. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How we plan to deal with rhino poaching crisis – Edna Molewa |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123653/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/party/how-we-plan-to-deal-with-rhino-poaching-crisis--ed |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Daga cikin yunƙurin da ta jagoranta, akwai shirye-shiryen canja wuri, shirin yaƙi da farautar dabbobi, sayar da karkanda ga kadarori masu zaman kansu, haɗin gwiwar jami'an tsaro a kowane mataki, da ƙoƙarin bin ka'idojin CITES kan gano tsiro da namun daji da ake fataucinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2015 |title=Minister Edna Molewa highlights progress in the war against poaching and plans for 2015 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231507/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_waragainstpoaching2015 |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref> Gwamnatin Molewa ta goyi bayan bincike kan ingancin halatta cinikin kahon karkanda na kasa da kasa tare da fara shirye-shiryen mayar da karkanda daga wuraren da ke da hatsarin gaske zuwa wuraren da ba su da hadari a cikin kasa da kuma na duniya, da kuma sayar da farar karkanda sama da 200 ga masu saye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African minister backs legalisation of rhino horn trade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123634/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/25/south-africa-rhino-horn-trade |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Sai dai kuma an soke shirin sayar da karkanda daga Kruger National Park zuwa wuraren ajiyar wasa masu zaman kansu a karshen shekarar 2014 bayan da aka gano cewa wasu daga cikin masu son siyan sun kasance ma'abota ajiyar farauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kruger rhino sales canned |url=http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729104754/http://oxpeckers.org/2014/09/kruger-rhino-sales-canned/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhino could have been sold to hunters |url=http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073553/http://citizen.co.za/413400/rhino-could-be-sold-to-hunters/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> An zargi daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun saye da yin huldar kasuwanci da Dawie Groenewald wanda aka kama a Amurka bisa laifin karkatar da kudade da kuma sayar da farautar farautar farautar namun daji, kuma an kama shi a shekarar 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da kashe karkanda ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Owners of Safari Company Indicted for Illegal Rhino Hunts |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805154019/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/owners-safari-company-indicted-illegal-rhino-hunts |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhinos sold to canned hunter |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115942/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhinos-sold-to-canned-hunter-20150627 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=US add to 'Groenewald Gang' charge sheet |url=http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073313/http://citizen.co.za/263495/us-add-to-groenewald-gang-charge-sheet/ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Molewa ya kuma sanar da cewa, kwamitin mai mambobi 22 zai yanke shawarar ko zai bada shawarar sayar da kahon karkanda mai nauyin metric ton 21 na gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=SA may sell its massive rhino horn stockpile in 2016 |url=http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812213307/http://www.women24.com/News/SA-may-sell-its-massive-rhino-horn-stockpile-in-2016-20150211 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari sun haɗa da ko za a sayar da haja gaba ɗaya ta hanyar siyar da gwamnati ga gwamnati ko kuma a kai ƙarar siyar da ita kai tsaye ga masu saye, matakin da masana kimiyyar muhalli suka yi ta suka da cewa ba shi da amfani. <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA pushes for legal trade in rhino horn |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035737/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-22-00-sa-pushes-for-legal-trade-in-rhino-horn |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legalizing Rhino Horn Trade Won't Save Species, Ecologist Argues |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106183821/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150106-rhino-poaching-south-africa-animals-conservation/ |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Masu rajin kare muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin cinikin karkanda yana da kurakurai kuma zai iya ƙara yawan buƙata. Akwai kuma fargabar cewa kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da kahon karkanda da gwamnati ke rike da su za a yi amfani da su ko kuma a kaucewa sa ido da gwamnati ta saba yi na kashe kudadenta kamar yadda ake ikirari a kan kudaden da aka samu daga cinikin giwayen giwaye da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu sau daya. <ref name="misappropriation" /> Har ila yau a karkashin jagorancin Molewa harkokin muhalli sun sha suka kan rashin fitar da rahoton kwata-kwata a shekarar 2015 game da farautar karkanda ko kama wadanda ake zargi da farautar karkanda. Duk da cewa ministar ta sha nanata cewa ma’aikatar kula da muhalli ta jajirce wajen samar da bayanai akai-akai kan halin da ake ciki na farautar karkanda a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Molewa |first=Edna |date=24 July 2017 |title=Minister Molewa highlights progress on Integrated Strategic Management of Rhinoceros |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905182148/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_proresson_integratedstrategic_managementofrhinoceros_rhinopoaching |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> ta kasa kiyaye wannan jadawali kuma ta fitar da rahotanni na shekara biyu kawai, bayan da ta yi musu lakabi a kowace shekara. rahotanni. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Molewa, Edna |doi=10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_24775}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Molewa ya bayyana cewa za a samu cikakken bayani game da nasarar kamawa da yanke hukunci daga hukumomin guda ɗaya. Rahotannin baya-bayan nan sun nuna adadin farautar karkanda a duk shekara yana karuwa duk da kokarin jami’an tsaro da harkokin muhalli. A cikin 2015 kungiyoyin kare muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu sun soki shawarar Molewa na ba da izinin yin watsi da hayaki na wucin gadi ga babbar kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka ta Kudu Eskom da Sasol, Anglo American Platinum da wasu kamfanoni da dama. Keɓancewa na shekaru da yawa sun ba da izinin Eskom, Sasol, [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]], da sauransu don jinkirta aiwatar da kayan aikin rage hayaƙi wanda zai ba su damar cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa kaɗan don ingancin iska wanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da particulate al'amurran da suka shafi rage watsi matsayin an saita su a wurin ta Afrilu 2015. Ministan Muhalli Molewa ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 2015 cewa dage sake fasalin zai ba da dama ga masana'antu don daukar matakan da suka dace da kuma sake fasalin shukar su don ba su damar bin ka'idoji nan gaba kadan, tare da tabbatar da cewa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba zai kawo cikas ba. ." === Ƙimar kashin zaki na fitarwa === A cikin Janairu 2017 Molewa ya buɗe taron tuntuɓar jama'a don amincewa da kason kwarangwal na zaki na 800 na fitarwa na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar zakin zaki (CLB) da za a yi amfani da shi a Asiya azaman ruwan inabin damisa na jabu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Born Free Lion Breeding Report, 2018 |url=https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083116/https://www.bornfree.org.uk/storage/media/content/files/Publications/Born_Free_Lion_Breeding_Report.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> musamman wanda aka baiwa Lao PDR. Vietnam da Thailand. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}</ref> Shawarar da amincewar da ta biyo baya, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Yuni 2017, yayin da ake tsammanin har yanzu tana karkashin binciken kimiyya, ta haifar da babban zargi ta hanyar, da damuwa a tsakanin, masu kare muhalli na gida da na kasa da kasa, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin jin dadin dabbobi da jama'a, don tasirin wannan zai haifar. a kan kiyaye zakuna da manyan kuliyoyi a duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi da'a wannan yana da ga masana'antar, wanda ake la'akari sosai da rashin tsari da zalunci. <ref name=":0" /> Sauye-sauyen da ake samu a kasuwa zuwa kasashen da hukumomin kiyaye doka da oda na duniya suka lissafa da cewa suna da karancin tsari da kuma yawan cin hanci da rashawa an nuna shi a matsayin babban abin damuwa tun lokacin da ya samar da damammaki da dama na safarar haramtattun namun daji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Crime Scorecard: Assessing compliance with and enforcement of CITES commitments for tigers, rhinos and elephants |url=https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214715/https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/477/files/original/WWF-Wildlife-Crime-Scorecard-Report.pdf?1349964238 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> Ana ganin sukar da jama'a na kasa da kasa ke yi kan cinikin kasusuwan zaki na Afirka ta Kudu na da matukar illa ga "Brand Africa ta Kudu" da kuma farin jini da daukakar kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CACH Brand South Africa Review 13 July 2016 |url=https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212734/https://iwbond.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CACH-Brand-South-Africa-Review-13-July-20160.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=iwbond.org}}</ref> An kiyasta mummunan tasirin cinikin kashin zaki na kasar ya kai kusan R54.50-biliyan cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Ross |title=The Economics of Captive Predator Breeding in South Africa |url=http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175931/http://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Harvey_180818_WorkingPaper_PredatorBreedingSA.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=saiia.org.za/}}</ref> Duk da cece-kuce, a watan Yulin 2018, Molewa ya kusan ninka adadin kashin kashin zaki na fitarwa, zuwa kwarangwal 1500 a shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Minister of Environmental Affairs establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180055/https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/molewa_establishes_lionboneexportquota2018 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=www.environment.gov.za}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar ƙididdiga tun daga 2017 bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar Kimiyya (SA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Edna Molewa establishes lion bone export quota for 2018 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214726/https://www.gov.za/speeches/minister-edna-molewa-establishes-lion-bone-export-quota-2018-16-jul-2018-0000 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=gov.za |language=en}}</ref> ta bayar game da ka'idodin buƙatu da wadata <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> tare da sakamakon aikin bincike na shekaru uku na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANBI)., ya fara a cikin 2017 kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki. Sakamakon haka, bayan an sanar da adadin 2018, wasu masu bincike da ke cikin wannan aikin sun nisanta kansu daga tsarin yanke shawara. <ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cin zarafi a kan adadin tun 2017, tare da ƙasusuwan damisa da aka kama da sauran manyan kuliyoyi masu haɗari (wanda aka jera a cikin Shafi na I na CITES) ana ba da rahoto a cikin tsarin fitarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade |url=https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=emsfoundation.org.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf "South Africa's 'Lion' Bone Trade"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''emsfoundation.org.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180511/https://emsfoundation.org.za/wp-content/uploads/THE-EXTINCTION-BUSINESS-South-Africas-lion-bone-trade.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A girma duniya wayar da kan jama'a game da sakamakon da ake dangantawa da wannan rigima masana'antu da kuma sukar da ta zana, ya jagoranci mafi girma zaki kashi m, [[Singapore Airlines]] ,&nbsp;don yanke shawarar dakatar da jigilar manyan sassan jikin cat daga Afirka ta Kudu, farawa a watan Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline bans lion bones |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025317/https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/airline-bans-lion-bones/cid/1669797 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=Telegraph of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest lion bone carrier, Singapore Airlines, stops cargo from South Africa |url=https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224806/https://www.sabreakingnews.co.za/2018/08/21/largest-lion-bone-carrier-singapore-airlines-stops-cargo-from-south-africa/ |archive-date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |website=SA Breaking News}}</ref> == Rigingimu == A watan Fabrairun 2013, yayin da Ministan Ruwa, Molewa ya ba da kyautar R419&nbsp;kwangilar IT miliyan miliyan zuwa Connexion Business maimakon amfani da Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Jiha. Babban daraktan sashen ya ki sanya hannu kan kwangilar, kuma minista Molewa ya dakatar da shi. Sakamakon haka, babban daraktan da aka dakatar ya ci gaba da karbar albashi kusan shekaru biyu a yayin da ake tuhumar sa da sabon ministan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya yi watsi da shi. Manyan al’amura na zubar da kaya da bakar fata a fadin kasar sun haifar da cece-kuce a shekarun 2014 da 2015 bayan da ministocin gwamnati suka bayar da dalilai masu karo da juna na wannan batu. Yayin da Ministan Kasuwancin Jama'a Malusi Gigaba ya bayar da dalilai marasa tushe wadanda suka hada da karancin ruwa a madatsun ruwa, Minista Molewa ya yi ikirarin cewa kwal da aka samu a ma'adinai a Mpumalanga ne ke da laifi. An kuma nuna damuwar jama'a kan gazawar gwamnati wajen shawo kan zuba jari a samar da makamashi wanda ya sa kamfanonin makamashi ke kokawa wajen biyan bukata. Gyaran da aka tsara akan tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ta'azzara matsaloli tare da grid mai rauni da takura. == Ilimi == Edna Molewa ta halarci [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] inda ta sami digiri na farko na kasuwanci . Bayan haka, Molewa ya bi kwas ɗin Jagoranci a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy kuma ya sami Takaddun Shaida na Shirin Haɓaka Jagorancin Tattalin Arziki daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Wharton . == Mutuwa == Bayan da ta dawo a ranar 8 ga Satumba daga ziyarar aiki da ta kai [[Sin|China]], inda ta kamu da cutar, Molewa ta kwanta a asibiti kwanaki kadan. An sanya ta cikin rashin lafiya bayan da ta kasa amsa jinya. Bayan fitowar suma, Molewa ya dan samu kwanciyar hankali, amma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2018 a [[Pretoria]] . Tana da shekaru 61. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kdtcze1dv4pu2ya3oaxcklwnevczpbs 0 88572 552219 2024-12-05T09:06:18Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259434504|Bavelile Hlongwa]]" 552219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa''' (14 Afrilu 1981 - 13 Satumba 2019) injiniyan sinadarai ce [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma ɗan siyasa daga KwaZulu-Natal kuma ɗan jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga watan Mayun 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1981 a garin Umzinto a lardin Natal da ya gabata. Ta fara karatunta a makarantar firamare ta Ncazuka a shekarar 1989 kuma ta yi digiri daga makarantar Sihle a shekarar 2000. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal|Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Howard College harabar]] kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan sinadarai . Yayin da yake jami'a, Hlongwa ya zama mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta ANC da sauran ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. Ta kasance tana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gwamnati a lokacin rasuwarta. Hlongwa ya rike mukaman shugabanci daban-daban. An nada ta aiki a kwamitin ci gaban al’umma a shekarar 1999. An zabe Hlongwa a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2011, kuma, a cikin 2013, an nada ta a matsayin ma'ajin tsarin. An nada ta mataimakiyar shugabar zartaswa a hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017. Hlongwa ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniyan sinadarai a Shell Downstream SA. Ta yi aiki a matsayin injiniya daga 2011 zuwa 2013, kuma nan da nan a matsayin injiniyan samarwa daga 2013 zuwa 2015 a Sapref. Ta kasance mai tsara iskar gas a kamfanin daga 2016 zuwa 2017. <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> An nada Hlongwa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa ta hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017, yayin da ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na Convocation a [[jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] . Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba mara zartarwa na Kamfanin Dube Trade Port Corporation. Hlongwa ya kasance memba mara zartarwa na Hukumar Kula da Jiki na Afirka ta Kudu daga 2018 har zuwa 2019. <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == An zabi Hlongwa shugaban tsakiya na SRC a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] a 2009. Ta kasance memba a kungiyar matasa ta ANC kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar ANCYL's KwaZulu-Natal reshen tawagar kuma ta kasance memba a wasu kananan kwamitoci daga 2013 zuwa 2015. Ta kasance mai sukar Kungiyar Mata ta ANC . <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> A watan Mayun 2019, an zaɓi Hlongwa a matsayin Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . Ta hau ofis a matsayin memba a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ba da jimawa ba a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2019 ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi, tare da minista Gwede Mantashe . An rantsar da ita a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2019 kuma saboda haka ta zama daya daga cikin mafi karancin shekaru a majalisar ministocin. == Mutuwa == Hlongwa ta mutu ne a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, lokacin da wata babbar mota ta kutsa cikin wani wurin da ta yi hatsarin mota a baya da take taimakawa. Hadarin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Hlongwa da wasu mutane uku. Hadarin ya afku a kusa da gadar Maubane akan N1 a Carousel Plaza, Hammanskraal . Shugaba [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya bayyana alhininsa game da mutuwarta da ta yi, ya kuma bayyana cewa za a yi mata jana'izar ta kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man involved in accident that killed minister Bavelile Hlongwa gets R3 000 bail |url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/man-involved-in-accident-that-killed-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-gets-r3-000-bail-38488394 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da Hlongwa a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2019. Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal ta soke taron tunawa da da aka shirya yi mata. An yi jana'izar Hlongwa a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2019. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] ia3leisok588mq761480eqinf7qz36w 552220 552219 2024-12-05T09:07:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa''' (14 Afrilu 1981 - 13 Satumba 2019) injiniyan sinadarai ce [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma ɗan siyasa daga KwaZulu-Natal kuma ɗan jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga watan Mayun 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1981 a garin Umzinto a lardin Natal da ya gabata. Ta fara karatunta a makarantar firamare ta Ncazuka a shekarar 1989 kuma ta yi digiri daga makarantar Sihle a shekarar 2000. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal|Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Howard College harabar]] kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan sinadarai . Yayin da yake jami'a, Hlongwa ya zama mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta ANC da sauran ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. Ta kasance tana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gwamnati a lokacin rasuwarta. Hlongwa ya rike mukaman shugabanci daban-daban. An nada ta aiki a kwamitin ci gaban al’umma a shekarar 1999. An zabe Hlongwa a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2011, kuma, a cikin 2013, an nada ta a matsayin ma'ajin tsarin. An nada ta mataimakiyar shugabar zartaswa a hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017. Hlongwa ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniyan sinadarai a Shell Downstream SA. Ta yi aiki a matsayin injiniya daga 2011 zuwa 2013, kuma nan da nan a matsayin injiniyan samarwa daga 2013 zuwa 2015 a Sapref. Ta kasance mai tsara iskar gas a kamfanin daga 2016 zuwa 2017. <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> An nada Hlongwa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa ta hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017, yayin da ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na Convocation a [[jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] . Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba mara zartarwa na Kamfanin Dube Trade Port Corporation. Hlongwa ya kasance memba mara zartarwa na Hukumar Kula da Jiki na Afirka ta Kudu daga 2018 har zuwa 2019. <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == An zabi Hlongwa shugaban tsakiya na SRC a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] a 2009. Ta kasance memba a kungiyar matasa ta ANC kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar ANCYL's KwaZulu-Natal reshen tawagar kuma ta kasance memba a wasu kananan kwamitoci daga 2013 zuwa 2015. Ta kasance mai sukar Kungiyar Mata ta ANC . <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> A watan Mayun 2019, an zaɓi Hlongwa a matsayin Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . Ta hau ofis a matsayin memba a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ba da jimawa ba a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2019 ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi, tare da minista Gwede Mantashe . An rantsar da ita a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2019 kuma saboda haka ta zama daya daga cikin mafi karancin shekaru a majalisar ministocin. == Mutuwa == Hlongwa ta mutu ne a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, lokacin da wata babbar mota ta kutsa cikin wani wurin da ta yi hatsarin mota a baya da take taimakawa. Hadarin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Hlongwa da wasu mutane uku. Hadarin ya afku a kusa da gadar Maubane akan N1 a Carousel Plaza, Hammanskraal . Shugaba [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya bayyana alhininsa game da mutuwarta da ta yi, ya kuma bayyana cewa za a yi mata jana'izar ta kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man involved in accident that killed minister Bavelile Hlongwa gets R3 000 bail |url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/man-involved-in-accident-that-killed-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-gets-r3-000-bail-38488394 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da Hlongwa a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2019. Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal ta soke taron tunawa da da aka shirya yi mata. An yi jana'izar Hlongwa a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2019. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] bb250yvca0j8edshycwqxp19kr6ti4z 552221 552220 2024-12-05T09:08:23Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aiki */ 552221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa''' (14 Afrilu 1981 - 13 Satumba 2019) injiniyan sinadarai ce [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma ɗan siyasa daga KwaZulu-Natal kuma ɗan jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga watan Mayun 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1981 a garin Umzinto a lardin Natal da ya gabata. Ta fara karatunta a makarantar firamare ta Ncazuka a shekarar 1989 kuma ta yi digiri daga makarantar Sihle a shekarar 2000. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal|Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Howard College harabar]] kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan sinadarai . Yayin da yake jami'a, Hlongwa ya zama mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta ANC da sauran ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. Ta kasance tana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gwamnati a lokacin rasuwarta. Hlongwa ya rike mukaman shugabanci daban-daban. An nada ta aiki a kwamitin ci gaban al’umma a shekarar 1999. An zabe Hlongwa a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2011, kuma, a cikin 2013, an nada ta a matsayin ma'ajin tsarin. An nada ta mataimakiyar shugabar zartaswa a hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017. Hlongwa ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniyan sinadarai a Shell Downstream SA. Ta yi aiki a matsayin injiniya daga 2011 zuwa 2013, kuma nan da nan a matsayin injiniyan samarwa daga 2013 zuwa 2015 a Sapref. Ta kasance mai tsara iskar gas a kamfanin daga 2016 zuwa 2017. <ref> name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> An nada Hlongwa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa ta hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017, yayin da ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na Convocation a [[jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] . Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba mara zartarwa na Kamfanin Dube Trade Port Corporation. Hlongwa ya kasance memba mara zartarwa na Hukumar Kula da Jiki na Afirka ta Kudu daga 2018 har zuwa 2019. <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == An zabi Hlongwa shugaban tsakiya na SRC a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] a 2009. Ta kasance memba a kungiyar matasa ta ANC kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar ANCYL's KwaZulu-Natal reshen tawagar kuma ta kasance memba a wasu kananan kwamitoci daga 2013 zuwa 2015. Ta kasance mai sukar Kungiyar Mata ta ANC . <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> A watan Mayun 2019, an zaɓi Hlongwa a matsayin Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . Ta hau ofis a matsayin memba a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ba da jimawa ba a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2019 ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi, tare da minista Gwede Mantashe . An rantsar da ita a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2019 kuma saboda haka ta zama daya daga cikin mafi karancin shekaru a majalisar ministocin. == Mutuwa == Hlongwa ta mutu ne a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, lokacin da wata babbar mota ta kutsa cikin wani wurin da ta yi hatsarin mota a baya da take taimakawa. Hadarin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Hlongwa da wasu mutane uku. Hadarin ya afku a kusa da gadar Maubane akan N1 a Carousel Plaza, Hammanskraal . Shugaba [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya bayyana alhininsa game da mutuwarta da ta yi, ya kuma bayyana cewa za a yi mata jana'izar ta kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man involved in accident that killed minister Bavelile Hlongwa gets R3 000 bail |url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/man-involved-in-accident-that-killed-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-gets-r3-000-bail-38488394 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da Hlongwa a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2019. Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal ta soke taron tunawa da da aka shirya yi mata. An yi jana'izar Hlongwa a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2019. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] 4kb683u47fszsznqxlf2hp2yguwr5t4 552222 552221 2024-12-05T09:09:02Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da aiki */ 552222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa''' (14 Afrilu 1981 - 13 Satumba 2019) injiniyan sinadarai ce [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma ɗan siyasa daga KwaZulu-Natal kuma ɗan jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC). Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga watan Mayun 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a watan Satumba na 2019. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1981 a garin Umzinto a lardin Natal da ya gabata. Ta fara karatunta a makarantar firamare ta Ncazuka a shekarar 1989 kuma ta yi digiri daga makarantar Sihle a shekarar 2000. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal|Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Howard College harabar]] kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan sinadarai . Yayin da yake jami'a, Hlongwa ya zama mai himma a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta ANC da sauran ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. Ta kasance tana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gwamnati a lokacin rasuwarta. Hlongwa ya rike mukaman shugabanci daban-daban. An nada ta aiki a kwamitin ci gaban al’umma a shekarar 1999. An zabe Hlongwa a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2011, kuma, a cikin 2013, an nada ta a matsayin ma'ajin tsarin. An nada ta mataimakiyar shugabar zartaswa a hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017. Hlongwa ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniyan sinadarai a Shell Downstream SA. Ta yi aiki a matsayin injiniya daga 2011 zuwa 2013, kuma nan da nan a matsayin injiniyan samarwa daga 2013 zuwa 2015 a Sapref. Ta kasance mai tsara iskar gas a kamfanin daga 2016 zuwa 2017. <ref> name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> An nada Hlongwa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar zartarwa ta hukumar raya matasa ta kasa a shekarar 2017, yayin da ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na Convocation a [[jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] . Daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba mara zartarwa na Kamfanin Dube Trade Port Corporation. Hlongwa ya kasance memba mara zartarwa na Hukumar Kula da Jiki na Afirka ta Kudu daga 2018 har zuwa 2019. <ref> name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == An zabi Hlongwa shugaban tsakiya na SRC a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] a 2009. Ta kasance memba a kungiyar matasa ta ANC kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar ANCYL's KwaZulu-Natal reshen tawagar kuma ta kasance memba a wasu kananan kwamitoci daga 2013 zuwa 2015. Ta kasance mai sukar Kungiyar Mata ta ANC . <ref name="energycoza">[http://www.energy.gov.za/files/aboutus/Deputy-Minister-Hlongwa-Profile.pdf PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa]{{Dead link|date=September 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#x200D;</span>&#x5D;</span></sup>, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> A watan Mayun 2019, an zaɓi Hlongwa a matsayin Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu . Ta hau ofis a matsayin memba a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. Shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ba da jimawa ba a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2019 ya nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ma'adinai da makamashi, tare da minista Gwede Mantashe . An rantsar da ita a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2019 kuma saboda haka ta zama daya daga cikin mafi karancin shekaru a majalisar ministocin. == Mutuwa == Hlongwa ta mutu ne a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, lokacin da wata babbar mota ta kutsa cikin wani wurin da ta yi hatsarin mota a baya da take taimakawa. Hadarin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Hlongwa da wasu mutane uku. Hadarin ya afku a kusa da gadar Maubane akan N1 a Carousel Plaza, Hammanskraal . Shugaba [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya bayyana alhininsa game da mutuwarta da ta yi, ya kuma bayyana cewa za a yi mata jana'izar ta kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man involved in accident that killed minister Bavelile Hlongwa gets R3 000 bail |url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/man-involved-in-accident-that-killed-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-gets-r3-000-bail-38488394 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da taron tunawa da Hlongwa a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2019. Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal ta soke taron tunawa da da aka shirya yi mata. An yi jana'izar Hlongwa a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2019. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] jsg8xlwhgougx8gaac2vacyavgq3bh0 0 88573 552223 2024-12-05T09:16:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} 552223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 1cuz34gp65axujgbyib7d5oqwb73c81 552225 552223 2024-12-05T09:17:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023. sqd16473umh2zjls3csuai3eho67egi 552227 552225 2024-12-05T09:18:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref> k4qr3c66rma1krqotirb39hl17dtnsv 552228 552227 2024-12-05T09:18:51Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". 52ildzn677btdpdc0m3nzpp9to6qhft 552230 552228 2024-12-05T09:19:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== 6kdy9sophl574wi260u53wkkublrkdo 552231 552230 2024-12-05T09:19:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr., 7koypb3eclf4ubroe7pn22zek2shr4n 552232 552231 2024-12-05T09:20:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. 51ms2ggt7mofymx0k0gfqdklrtlg91c 552233 552232 2024-12-05T09:20:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref> 8o4q9r1a5h86vssoh3e1xndf5oqlo28 552234 552233 2024-12-05T09:21:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. bnf1tnsaqf85jy820zc666div78f2nq 552235 552234 2024-12-05T09:21:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973. s9xpj2g792s6vonwo4k3103ex32csxk 552236 552235 2024-12-05T09:21:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref> a7j2xijs0xh6414w5q8loqyspj2dvor 552237 552236 2024-12-05T09:22:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books 4bf0rbzfqtmsn2v8xdui10k0z3fejrh 552238 552237 2024-12-05T09:22:42Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> s9r7hz2ufcktg1i3y99uf4g4ska3ivj 552239 552238 2024-12-05T09:23:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie, pbbqffibwiw0lbuqaqz2uxuzyg6mj6x 552240 552239 2024-12-05T09:23:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref> 3gl4cskqspue8iuescgzn1igtoyihfl 552242 552240 2024-12-05T09:24:09Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu. h6z3mdzxlz6wbu25rt3vuvy8np6px5h 552243 552242 2024-12-05T09:24:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa. bubc92po17yp9dn9nizu1a63cloyq54 552244 552243 2024-12-05T09:25:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024. guu3ujd3kegop2qno6x5ayxc47zykpw 552245 552244 2024-12-05T09:25:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> aperpdanmmlkqcvts2b4sazphonl1hc 552246 552245 2024-12-05T09:26:07Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys. oyyh7p532sv0w962a1595q27wv0pais 552247 552246 2024-12-05T09:26:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> l5u7q7k7ud7w6kdw7eo7lgehpnqcqfo 552248 552247 2024-12-05T09:27:03Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== l1vh1v3ij45fipqgwx4b8wulokls9hi 552249 552248 2024-12-05T09:27:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne; ev0wkx0kiisy1y7n3ybkerm9a4z9zf0 552250 552249 2024-12-05T09:27:51Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> 26v0giyfxetjuzp7rm0wmrf2htj7j4j 552251 552250 2024-12-05T09:28:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019. heo3v2h7248ql3wtni9ki3cl55zwwoz 552252 552251 2024-12-05T09:28:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019.Domin sauran yawon shakatawa, Ben James ya rera waƙa a madadin Bonsall. lboe2fpgkbhcw7bt8mcxsvyrqi7gddk 552253 552252 2024-12-05T09:29:04Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019.Domin sauran yawon shakatawa, Ben James ya rera waƙa a madadin Bonsall.<ref>https://countrynow.com/joe-bonsall-bids-farewell-to-the-oak-ridge-boys-after-five-decades-on-the-road/</ref> qiac215g7bygjbx8kabns0qx9v1nqvx 552254 552253 2024-12-05T09:29:32Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019.Domin sauran yawon shakatawa, Ben James ya rera waƙa a madadin Bonsall.<ref>https://countrynow.com/joe-bonsall-bids-farewell-to-the-oak-ridge-boys-after-five-decades-on-the-road/</ref> Bonsall ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikice na ALS a Hendersonville, Tennessee, a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 76. h1yjmyol4hq2tmajmlrjs1x8anj0h87 552255 552254 2024-12-05T09:29:53Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019.Domin sauran yawon shakatawa, Ben James ya rera waƙa a madadin Bonsall.<ref>https://countrynow.com/joe-bonsall-bids-farewell-to-the-oak-ridge-boys-after-five-decades-on-the-road/</ref> Bonsall ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikice na ALS a Hendersonville, Tennessee, a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 76.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/joe-bonsall-dead-oak-ridge-boys-member-obituary-1235727226/</ref> 5dk2prdnq771oyygs773y1sicp79uxm 552256 552255 2024-12-05T09:30:37Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Sloan Bonsall Jr.''' (Mayu 18, 1948 - Yuli 9, 2024) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasar kuma mawaƙin bishara na Oak Ridge Boys daga 1973 zuwa 2023.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150925/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/oak_ridge_boys_the/bio.jhtml</ref>Bayan tsara hits da yawa a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys, Bonsall yana da ginshiƙi na solo tare da ƙungiyar Sawyer Brown a cikin 1986 guda ɗaya "Out Goin' Cattin", wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "Cat Joe Bonsall". ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Bonsall a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1948 a Philadelphia, ga Joseph Sloan Bonsall Sr.,da Lillie Maude Collins, waɗanda dukansu suka yi hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>Yana kuma da kanwa, Nancy Marie. Bonsall ya yi a cikin ƙungiyoyin bishara na Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka kafin ya shiga Oak Ridge Boys a 1973.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MiQEAAAAMBAJ/page/n56/mode/1up?q=%22bonsall%22</ref>A matsayin marubuci, Bonsall ya fitar da jerin littattafai na yara kashi huɗu a cikin 1997 mai suna The Molly Books<ref>"Oak Ridge Boys". www.oakridgeboys.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>kuma a cikin 2003 aka buga GI Joe da Lillie,<ref>The full title of the book is "G.I. Joe & Lillie: Remembering a Life of Love and Loyalty" (2003) New Leaf Press ISBN 0-89221-537-2</ref>littafi game da rayuwar iyayensa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kuma rubuta Akan Hanya Tare da The Oak Ridge Boys, Tafiya ta Amurka, Daga Ra'ayina, da Kirsimeti maras dacewa.Littafin nasa na baya-bayan nan, Na Ga Kaina, abin tunawa, an shirya fitar da shi bayan mutuwa a watan Nuwamba 2024.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/joe-bonsall-dies-oak-ridge-boys-87a2858ee6ca2517604c6d2fce79d663</ref> An shigar da Bonsall a cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa a cikin 2015 a matsayin memba na Oak Ridge Boys.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/arts/music/joe-bonsall-dead.html</ref> ===Rashin lafiya da mutuwa=== Bonsall ya rasa kwanakin balaguro da yawa a cikin 2022 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don abin da a lokacin aka ce ciwon huhu ne;<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110644/https://www.cmt.com/news/hkt8uf/the-oak-ridge-boys-announce-farewell-tour</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Bonsall ya fitar da sanarwa yana ba da sanarwar ritayarsa daga yawon shakatawa tare da Oak Ridge Boys saboda “cutar neuromuscular mai saurin farawa” (bayan an bayyana shi azaman amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) wanda aka gano a cikin 2019.Domin sauran yawon shakatawa, Ben James ya rera waƙa a madadin Bonsall.<ref>https://countrynow.com/joe-bonsall-bids-farewell-to-the-oak-ridge-boys-after-five-decades-on-the-road/</ref> Bonsall ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikice na ALS a Hendersonville, Tennessee, a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 76.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/joe-bonsall-dead-oak-ridge-boys-member-obituary-1235727226/</ref> ==MANAZARTA== lwzma43q4d5cov8f5gj0i84qz8puqo4 0 88574 552224 2024-12-05T09:17:01Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259436770|Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana]]" 552224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thandi Gloria Mpambo-Sibhukwana''' (ya mutu 19 ga Yuni 2020) malami ne kuma ɗan majalisa na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance wakili na dindindin a majalisar larduna ta kasa daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kuma mamba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2020. Ta kasance memba na Democratic Alliance (DA) kuma memba na Kwamitin Fayil na Ci gaban Jama'a. == Sana'a == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ta yi aiki a matsayin malama IsiXhosa a makarantar sakandare ta Wynberg har zuwa 2010 lokacin da ta karɓi matsayi a gwamnatin lardin Western Cape . <ref name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance kuma ta zama Memba a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, a cikin Mayu 2014. Ta kasance cikin tawagar lardin Western Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hansard: NCOP: Appointment of returning Officers; Election of Chairperson of National Council of Provinces |url=https://pmg.org.za/hansard/18536/ |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=pmg.org.za}}</ref> An zabi Mpambo-Sibhukwana a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a watan Mayun 2019. Shugaban majalisar dokokin DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada mataimakiyar ministar ci gaban jama'a a inuwarta, yayin da aka sanya ta aiki a kwamitin Fayil kan Ci gaban Al'umma. Mazabarta ita ce Drakenstein da Saldanha Bay daga 2014 har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta shugabar mazabar Oostenberg ta Kudu a 2019. == Mutuwa == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2020 a [[Cape Town]] daga COVID-19. Ta rasu ta bar ‘ya’yanta mata guda biyu. Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Wynberg da majalisar dokoki duk sun fitar da sanarwa inda suka yabawa Mpambo-Sibhukwana. <ref name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana "Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana"]. ''www.wynghs.co.za''. Archived from [https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana the original] on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] 55hm0ag4o6vm1i2x3i4fbuis4dvw2oo 552226 552224 2024-12-05T09:18:07Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thandi Gloria Mpambo-Sibhukwana''' (ya mutu 19 ga Yuni 2020) malami ne kuma ɗan majalisa na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance wakili na dindindin a majalisar larduna ta kasa daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kuma mamba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2020. Ta kasance memba na Democratic Alliance (DA) kuma memba na Kwamitin Fayil na Ci gaban Jama'a. == Sana'a == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ta yi aiki a matsayin malama IsiXhosa a makarantar sakandare ta Wynberg har zuwa 2010 lokacin da ta karɓi matsayi a gwamnatin lardin Western Cape . <ref name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance kuma ta zama Memba a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, a cikin Mayu 2014. Ta kasance cikin tawagar lardin Western Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hansard: NCOP: Appointment of returning Officers; Election of Chairperson of National Council of Provinces |url=https://pmg.org.za/hansard/18536/ |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=pmg.org.za}}</ref> An zabi Mpambo-Sibhukwana a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a watan Mayun 2019. Shugaban majalisar dokokin DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada mataimakiyar ministar ci gaban jama'a a inuwarta, yayin da aka sanya ta aiki a kwamitin Fayil kan Ci gaban Al'umma. Mazabarta ita ce Drakenstein da Saldanha Bay daga 2014 har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta shugabar mazabar Oostenberg ta Kudu a 2019. == Mutuwa == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2020 a [[Cape Town]] daga COVID-19. Ta rasu ta bar ‘ya’yanta mata guda biyu. Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Wynberg da majalisar dokoki duk sun fitar da sanarwa inda suka yabawa Mpambo-Sibhukwana. <ref name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana "Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana"]. ''www.wynghs.co.za''. Archived from [https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana the original] on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] q4cshis6nooskgr36o9dvhmxk3kd9ii 552229 552226 2024-12-05T09:18:59Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Sana'a */ 552229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thandi Gloria Mpambo-Sibhukwana''' (ya mutu 19 ga Yuni 2020) malami ne kuma ɗan majalisa na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance wakili na dindindin a majalisar larduna ta kasa daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kuma mamba a majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu daga 2019 har zuwa rasuwarta a 2020. Ta kasance memba na Democratic Alliance (DA) kuma memba na Kwamitin Fayil na Ci gaban Jama'a. == Sana'a == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ta yi aiki a matsayin malama IsiXhosa a makarantar sakandare ta Wynberg har zuwa 2010 lokacin da ta karɓi matsayi a gwamnatin lardin Western Cape . <ref> name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance kuma ta zama Memba a Majalisar Larduna ta Kasa, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, a cikin Mayu 2014. Ta kasance cikin tawagar lardin Western Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hansard: NCOP: Appointment of returning Officers; Election of Chairperson of National Council of Provinces |url=https://pmg.org.za/hansard/18536/ |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=pmg.org.za}}</ref> An zabi Mpambo-Sibhukwana a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, a watan Mayun 2019. Shugaban majalisar dokokin DA Mmusi Maimane ya nada mataimakiyar ministar ci gaban jama'a a inuwarta, yayin da aka sanya ta aiki a kwamitin Fayil kan Ci gaban Al'umma. Mazabarta ita ce Drakenstein da Saldanha Bay daga 2014 har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta shugabar mazabar Oostenberg ta Kudu a 2019. == Mutuwa == Mpambo-Sibhukwana ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2020 a [[Cape Town]] daga COVID-19. Ta rasu ta bar ‘ya’yanta mata guda biyu. Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance, makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Wynberg da majalisar dokoki duk sun fitar da sanarwa inda suka yabawa Mpambo-Sibhukwana. <ref name="wynberg">{{Cite web |title=Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana |url=https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=www.wynghs.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200622123731/https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana "Hamba Kahle, Thandi Mpambo-Sibhukwana"]. ''www.wynghs.co.za''. Archived from [https://www.wynghs.co.za/news/article/hamba-kahle-thandi-mpambo-sibhukwana the original] on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] 671rrhldo9jf8vjg6v2xjep1i766qyg 0 88575 552241 2024-12-05T09:23:39Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259436790|Zamuxolo Peter]]" 552241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zamuxolo Joseph Peter''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 Janairu 1965 - 31 Yuli 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa mutuwarsa a Yuli 2020. Ya kasance shugaban karamar hukumar Makana daga 2011 zuwa 2015. Peter ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Zamuxolo Joseph Peter a ranar 10 ga Janairu 1965 a Riebeeck Gabas, arewacin Grahamstown . Dole ne ya bar makaranta bayan mahaifinsa, ma'aikacin gona, ya mutu. Ya halarci Border Technikon kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Beit Berl da ke [[Isra'ila]] . Peter ya kasance memba na United Democratic Front . A cikin Majalisar Wakilan Afirka, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban yanki kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na lardin. Bayan zaben karamar hukuma na 1995, an zabi Peter magajin garin Riebeeck East Transitional Council. An zabe shi a matsayin kansila mai unguwa na sabuwar karamar hukumar Makana da aka kafa a zaben karamar hukumar 2000 . An zabi Peter magajin garin Makana a 2011 kuma ya rike mukamin har zuwa 2015. == Aikin majalisa == An sanya Peter na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC a babban zaben 2019 . Bayan zaben ne aka ba shi takarar majalisar. An rantsar da shi a matsayin dan majalisa a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. === Mambobin kwamitin === * Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |title=Mr Zamuxolo Joseph Peter |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801125229/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/305 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> * Kwamitin dindindin kan babban mai binciken kudi <ref name="Parl" /> == Mutuwa == A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2020, an kwantar da Peter a asibiti bayan an gwada ingancin [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] yayin bala'in COVID-19 a Afirka ta Kudu . Ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourism Committee Saddened by Passing of Zamuxolo Peter |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/tourism-committee-saddened-passing-zamuxolo-peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801134044/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/tourism-committee-saddened-passing-zamuxolo-peter |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 55 a duniya. Peter ya bar matarsa da ’ya’ya uku. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 4nipl8as9ra1uasszcft8tqdbru0q7r 552257 552241 2024-12-05T09:45:36Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zamuxolo Joseph Peter''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 Janairu 1965 - 31 Yuli 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa mutuwarsa a Yuli 2020. Ya kasance shugaban karamar hukumar Makana daga 2011 zuwa 2015. Peter ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Zamuxolo Joseph Peter a ranar 10 ga Janairu 1965 a Riebeeck Gabas, arewacin Grahamstown . Dole ne ya bar makaranta bayan mahaifinsa, ma'aikacin gona, ya mutu. Ya halarci Border Technikon kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Beit Berl da ke [[Isra'ila]] . Peter ya kasance memba na United Democratic Front . A cikin Majalisar Wakilan Afirka, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban yanki kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na lardin. Bayan zaben karamar hukuma na 1995, an zabi Peter magajin garin Riebeeck East Transitional Council. An zabe shi a matsayin kansila mai unguwa na sabuwar karamar hukumar Makana da aka kafa a zaben karamar hukumar 2000 . An zabi Peter magajin garin Makana a 2011 kuma ya rike mukamin har zuwa 2015. == Aikin majalisa == An sanya Peter na 13 a jerin yankuna na jam'iyyar ANC a babban zaben 2019 . Bayan zaben ne aka ba shi takarar majalisar. An rantsar da shi a matsayin dan majalisa a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2019. === Mambobin kwamitin === * Kwamitin Fayil kan Yawon shakatawa <ref name="Parl">{{Cite web |title=Mr Zamuxolo Joseph Peter |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801125229/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/305 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> * Kwamitin dindindin kan babban mai binciken kudi <ref name="Parl" /> == Mutuwa == A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2020, an kwantar da Peter a asibiti bayan an gwada ingancin [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] yayin bala'in COVID-19 a Afirka ta Kudu . Ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourism Committee Saddened by Passing of Zamuxolo Peter |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/tourism-committee-saddened-passing-zamuxolo-peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801134044/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/tourism-committee-saddened-passing-zamuxolo-peter |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 55 a duniya. Peter ya bar matarsa da ’ya’ya uku. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] bmk75b6jdl8lemi07ruqrofqhtji2nx 0 88576 552274 2024-12-05T09:55:40Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259436452|Hisamodien Mohamed]]" 552274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. <ref name="PR" /> Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. <ref name="PR" /> == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. <ref name="News24" /> Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. <ref name="PR" /> Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] hm2meytk51sp6ni3r2i84tclsi76vre 552275 552274 2024-12-05T09:56:15Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. <ref name="PR" /> Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. <ref name="PR" /> == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. <ref name="News24" /> Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. <ref name="PR" /> Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 03zsg2205oo2cpklj81zsvf52tj14f2 552276 552275 2024-12-05T09:56:42Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. <ref name="PR" /> Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. <ref name="PR" /> == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. <ref name="News24" /> Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. <ref name="PR" /> Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 47cqepc5c3kpk725a6vr9l6mqq6ia1r 552277 552276 2024-12-05T09:57:46Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwar farko da ilimi */ 552277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. <ref name="News24" /> Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. <ref name="PR" /> Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] lwsl4btm3k971mey1s5q0u03qmou2dx 552278 552277 2024-12-05T10:01:48Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Sana'a */ 552278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. <ref name="PR" /> Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] tga47u63qntazyaxiowjsrsz04dsvz5 552279 552278 2024-12-05T10:02:22Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Sana'a */ 552279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] tmy5d4vpoga3l64hxfdfbiado7yli2n 552280 552279 2024-12-05T10:03:10Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 552280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hisamodien Mohamed''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 1965 - 24 ga Agusta 2020) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai ba da shawara wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu don Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka daga Mayu 2019 har zuwa Agusta 2020. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisa, Mohamed ya kasance shugaban lardi na ma'aikatar shari'a da ci gaban tsarin mulki .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mohamed a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1965 a Kogin Lotus a [[Cape Town]] kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wittebome. Ya shiga United Democratic Front a matsayin dalibin sakandare a 1985. Ya ci gaba da karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]] kuma ya sami digiri uku. Mohammed kuma ya kammala babban kwas ɗin gudanarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard a 2001. == Sana'a == A cikin 1990, an nada Mohamed a matsayin lauya na wucin gadi a Kotun Majistare ta Athlone. Tsakanin 1993 zuwa 1994, ya kasance mai gabatar da kara na gwamnati a Kotun Majistare ta Mitchells Plain. An shigar da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara a ofishin lauyan dangi a cikin 1995. Mohamed shi ne shugaban lardi na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Bunkasa Tsarin Mulki tsakanin 1997 da 2019. Shi ne shugaban farko na majalisar wakilan Afirka a yankunan kudancin Cape Town. Daga 1995 zuwa 2018, ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na larduna na jam'iyyar. == Aikin majalisa == A watan Mayun 2019, an zabi Mohamed a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. [1] Yankin mazabarsa shine filin shakatawa na Grassy . [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin bulala na jam'iyya a Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Adalci da Gyara. == Mutuwa == Mohammed ya mutu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2020 a gidansa da ke Pinelands, Cape Town . Yana da shekara 55 kuma yana da mata da ’ya’ya uku. Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Shari'a da Gyara da ANC sun mika ta'aziyyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice and Correctional Services Chairperson Sends Condolences on Death of Committee Member Adv Mohamed |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/justice-and-correctional-services-chairperson-sends-condolences-death-committee-member-adv-mohamed |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] fbb4a8f5iireezrlxxy4x9ikx5vgpf8 0 88577 552281 2024-12-05T10:37:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} 552281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 1cuz34gp65axujgbyib7d5oqwb73c81 552282 552281 2024-12-05T10:44:58Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya. s5034bjjr5lw8q185p281vyass0m1q0 552283 552282 2024-12-05T10:45:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> 45m2wa7y1aoboax9q9faq8tqaqfiog0 552284 552283 2024-12-05T10:46:02Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. cyrfbwomr9slk83g2gln0vx3zg0gtjv 552285 552284 2024-12-05T10:46:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya. ihnitwsih7jbyf3c27bvc6mbp41idxg 552286 552285 2024-12-05T10:47:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> lf50p24zuuxnhdxa160osqdq4z57pge 552287 552286 2024-12-05T10:48:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== 1vqmftaxiw16ktgrgkmaiyoinm7lo4s 552288 552287 2024-12-05T10:48:43Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank. f2hdzpahvd9juqf66riqljdjrd8mkkt 552289 552288 2024-12-05T10:49:13Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> kea329wes49b6bzc4o77h0akrxhym2u 552290 552289 2024-12-05T10:49:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce. 38lglahfh0uiszlajlblh6dp86uh5b6 552291 552290 2024-12-05T10:50:05Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> rm7ba85d4oiovhuv2ai0min5vncvhd3 552292 552291 2024-12-05T10:50:35Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref>Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn, aq31vv1sn9rq0k1j84xh72ynvr5y40r 552293 552292 2024-12-05T10:50:54Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref>Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref> fiyde4q2ai5zgrihvz2veecua8oukmp 552294 552293 2024-12-05T10:51:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore. 3vk5codasn4t9n1top064y839elkdf2 552295 552294 2024-12-05T10:52:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref> kl0yrh08es1l445zkcwk5l1s0k4a1ul 552296 552295 2024-12-05T10:52:45Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton. m08avwhhwm0ggp6q8iliisyqufe2rwg 552297 552296 2024-12-05T10:53:22Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> l6yo8ukusrjuqz727h66225kmnwu1aj 552298 552297 2024-12-05T10:55:40Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== iz4ftebs1maxnl9x0pb4u0z361rjcm5 552299 552298 2024-12-05T10:55:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa. l6s776a6bp79680zqjomm1q3vb3fxex 552300 552299 2024-12-05T10:56:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref> p9dd6zk5q23s1zc6t61kl2jh7oz3unk 552301 552300 2024-12-05T10:57:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987. 3vk3camyezqmgp9q5hy5lkamg2125kl 552302 552301 2024-12-05T10:57:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> hgez3fwl2w98zn1mjfe517hnrlkp83l 552303 552302 2024-12-05T10:58:22Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta. 7aima6322v7u4gpjn3uq23ugxl0wl8n 552304 552303 2024-12-05T10:58:57Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar, q4eb7vq588viqqs6zcleg7luz5ejfys 552305 552304 2024-12-05T10:59:23Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref> idvs40p49581qnbddtvn86c4p3hh9f0 552306 552305 2024-12-05T11:00:16Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha. pu4s2eid34h2v21u6jvjh5hfj3u8tur 552307 552306 2024-12-05T11:00:34Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> i66thqqot8ri6pr5ywu43t1ujbbcymg 552308 552307 2024-12-05T11:01:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978. b77ol817wf9jea62er2p3a4e76zthtf 552309 552308 2024-12-05T11:01:46Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref> tgvp9h8onozg495o9ioe7t5yjfnqev0 552310 552309 2024-12-05T11:02:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002. p8svxuckdyq2kei7cawn8vprw6a9m8r 552311 552310 2024-12-05T11:02:51Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref> sfbayxmi090jlh2qkq4gfyaguol12fo 552312 552311 2024-12-05T11:03:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990. td5efy76yz2ha3codsajce5y14d9g1d 552313 552312 2024-12-05T11:03:42Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref> kibod8cal7mjsgvbec59f4bjld90kn8 552314 552313 2024-12-05T11:04:39Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya" 1rwbs68qjsvel5tjwf0fsis61bho0jt 552315 552314 2024-12-05T11:05:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref> ozonyoisaif0bc5bmv2v58v1k9zozzx 552316 552315 2024-12-05T11:06:28Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999. pxszm5z4x64w4agys19g55gfuqwcvdu 552317 552316 2024-12-05T11:07:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref> tamd98crjjp22lgtc5fm5snm272e82l 552318 552317 2024-12-05T11:07:48Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa. hbgcyzdr4trit7cwc9vf6jf7b1538yl 552319 552318 2024-12-05T11:08:08Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> pqmao6d5ozrbpoe9fofzokexb26gom7 552320 552319 2024-12-05T11:08:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== k1q4tbwie9rnn78p8s92nb6zfreukt1 552321 552320 2024-12-05T11:09:59Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952. hrrjhph5lggfl1uiw6yojfx64ivf6il 552322 552321 2024-12-05T11:10:25Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref> 9vp9us4irqv0ps4kwhaablxpn7x178l 552323 552322 2024-12-05T11:11:06Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref>Suna da yara huɗu: Ellen, Amy, David, da Stephanie. m2otb2p1wasm10ys2bg7ms58s2o0v2e 552324 552323 2024-12-05T11:11:33Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref>Suna da yara huɗu: Ellen, Amy, David, da Stephanie.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/31/style/weddings-stephanie-singer-stephen-fischer.html</ref> t6l5xq2h06lllcepaqgvt866z3take7 552325 552324 2024-12-05T11:12:27Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref>Suna da yara huɗu: Ellen, Amy, David, da Stephanie.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/31/style/weddings-stephanie-singer-stephen-fischer.html</ref> Mawaƙiya ta mutu daga cututtukan huhu na huhu da emphysema a gidanta da ke Washington, D.C., a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 93. in6uaqxuveues7fayoqixub51xofnsl 552326 552325 2024-12-05T11:12:58Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref>Suna da yara huɗu: Ellen, Amy, David, da Stephanie.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/31/style/weddings-stephanie-singer-stephen-fischer.html</ref> Mawaƙiya ta mutu daga cututtukan huhu na huhu da emphysema a gidanta da ke Washington, D.C., a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 93.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref> pnkzzs5q04dqblddmnz4aw4cwnpr000 552327 552326 2024-12-05T11:13:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 552327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maxine Frank Singer''' (Fabrairu 15, 1931 - Yuli 9, 2024) ɗan Amurka masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai kula da kimiyya.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref>An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar don warware ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta, rawar da ta taka a cikin muhawarar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji game da dabarun DNA na sake haɗawa (ciki har da ƙungiyar Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA), da jagorancinta na Carnegie Institution of Washington. A cikin 2002, mujallar Discover ta gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 mafi mahimmanci a kimiyya.<ref>http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/</ref> ==Rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Maxine Frank a birnin New York ga Henrietta da Hyman Frank.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref>Mahaifinta lauya ne, mahaifiyarta kuma yar gida ce.<ref>http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms007071&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=bioghist&_dmdid=d1877e19</ref> Bayan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Midwood a Brooklyn,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1989/02/14/putting-science-first/d61aeac0-0fd5-4d7b-8414-2a6654807ae3/</ref>Ta yi karatun sinadarai kuma ta karama a fannin ilmin halitta a Kwalejin Swarthmore.<ref>http://ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Maxine_singer.pdf</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a shekarar 1957 a Jami’ar Yale, inda ta yi bincike kan sinadarai masu gina jiki karkashin Joseph Fruton.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/science/maxine-singer-dead.html</ref> ==Sana'a== Bayan kammala karatun, Fruton ya ƙarfafa ta ta ƙware a cikin sinadarai na nucleic, kuma a cikin 1956 ta shiga Laboratory of Biochemistry na Leon Heppel a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa.<ref>https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/maxine-singer</ref>Ta jagoranci kungiyoyin bincike daban-daban na biochemical a matsayin shugabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Biochemistry a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta kasa tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191029140041/https://www.aacc.org/community/awards/hall-of-fame/bios/l-to-s/maxine-singer.aspx</ref> A sakamakon rahoton 1973 na farko da aka fara amfani da fasahohin DNA na sake haɗewa don shigar da kwayoyin halitta daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani, Singer yana cikin na farko da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar haɗarin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ta kasance shugabar taron Gordon na 1973 akan Nucleic Acids, inda aka tattauna yiwuwar lafiyar jama'a na dabarar,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020333/https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CD/B/B/C/F/</ref>kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya taron Asilomar na 1975 akan DNA mai sakewa wanda ya haifar da jagororin magance matsalolin da ba a san su ba na fasaha.<ref>https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/DJ/p-nid/206</ref> An zaɓi Singer a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 1978.<ref>http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterS.pdf</ref>A cikin 1988, ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Carnegie ta Washington, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2002.<ref>http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/8455/title/Maxine-Singer-Named-President-Of-Carnegie/</ref>An zabe ta a cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amirka a 1990.<ref>https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Maxine+Singer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced</ref>Singer ta sami lambar yabo ta Kimiyya ta kasa a cikin 1992 "saboda fitattun nasarorin kimiyya da ta damu sosai game da alhakin al'umma na masanin kimiyya"<ref>https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/singer.jsp</ref>kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Vannevar Bush, a cikin 1999.<ref>"Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". National Science Board. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.</ref>A cikin 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta jin daɗin jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=01122007</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Maxine ya auri Daniel Singer, abokin karatun Swarthmore kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa, a cikin 1952.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref>Suna da yara huɗu: Ellen, Amy, David, da Stephanie.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/31/style/weddings-stephanie-singer-stephen-fischer.html</ref> Mawaƙiya ta mutu daga cututtukan huhu na huhu da emphysema a gidanta da ke Washington, D.C., a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2024, tana da shekara 93.<ref>https://carnegiescience.edu/news/maxine-singer-renowned-biologist-and-advocate-stem-inclusion-dies-93</ref> ==Manazarta== bz73m5pc6748o11a5kk7xjxnjvcepzt 0 88578 552331 2024-12-05T11:35:02Z 102.88.68.189 Muhammad ibrahim 552331 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ibrahim 78cdtadvx52bs42t4qn1hoaemjlq8fg